Stratigraphic Units - VNUrepositories.vnu.edu.vn/jspui/bitstream/123456789/5409/1... ·...

517

Stratigraphic

Units of Viet Nam

Authors

Tong-Dzuy Thanh, Vu Khuc, Dang Tran Huyen, Do Bat,

Doan Nhat Truong, Nguyen Dich Dy, Nguyen Huu Hung,

Pham Huy Thong, Pham Kim Ngan, Ta Hoa Phuong, Tran Huu Dan, Tran Tat Thang, Tran Van Tri, Trinh Van Long Edited by

Tong-Dzuy Thanh, Vu Khuc

HA NOI NATIONAL UNIVERSITY PUBLISHING HOUSE

Generated by Foxit PDF Creator © Foxit Softwarehttp://www.foxitsoftware.com For evaluation only.

518

CONTENT

PREFACE page

3

Chapter 1. SEDIMENTARY BASINS IN THE GEOLOGICAL

EVOLUTION OF VIET NAM [Tran Van Tri, Tong-Dzuy Thanh, Vu Khuc]

5

Archean megacycle 5

Paleoproterozoic – Early Neoproterozoic megacycle 6

Neoproterozoic – Middle Paleozoic megacycle 7

Late Paleozoic – Mesozoic megacycle 12

Late Mesozoic – Cenozoic megacycle 15

Chapter 2. PRECAMBRIAN 26

BAC BO REGION (North Viet Nam) 26

Song Hong Group [Tran Tat Thang] 26

Nui Con Voi Formation (AR? nv ) 27

Ngoi Chi Formation (AR? nc) 29

Xuan Dai Group [Tran Tat Thang] 30

Suoi Chieng Formation (PP sc ) 30

Sin Quyen Formation (PP sq ) 31

Nam Su Lu Formation (MP nl) 33

Sa Pa Group [Tran Tat Thang] 34

Cha Pa Formation (NP cp) 34

Da Dinh Formation (NP dd) 35

Song Chay Group [Tran Tat Thang] 35

Thac Ba Formation (NP tb) 36

An Phu Formation (NP-ε1? ah) 37

Nam Co Formation (NP nc) 37

NORTH TRUNG BO REGION (North Central Viet Nam) 39

Bu Khang Formation (NP bk) [Tran Tat Thang] 39

CENTRAL TRUNG BO REGION (Mid Central Viet Nam) 40

Kan Nack Group [Trinh Van Long] 40

Kon Cot Formation (NA-PP kc) 41

Xa Lam Co Formation (NA-PP xc) 43

Dak Lo Formation (NA-PP dl) 45

Kim Son Formation (NA-PP ks) 47


519

Song Re Group [Trinh Van Long] 48

Son Ky Formation (PP sk) 49

Ba Dien Formation (PP bd) 51

Dak Mi Formation (MP dm) 53

Po Co Group [Trinh Van Long] 55

Dak Long Formation (NP dl) 56

Chu Se Formation (NP-ε1 cs) 56

Song Tranh Group [Trinh Van Long] 57

Tra Don Formation (NP td) 58

Tra Tap Formation (NP tt) 59

Nuoc Lah Formation (NP-ε 1 nh) 61

Nui Vu Group [Trinh Van Long] 62

Son Thanh Formation (NP st) 63

Nuoc Lay Formation (NP-ε1 nl) 64

Chapter 3. LOWER PALEOZOIC 67


EAST BAC BO 70 CAMBRIAN 70

Ha Giang Formation (ε2 hg) [Pham Kim Ngan] 70

Than Sa Formation (ε3 ts) [Pham Kim Ngan, Tong-Dzuy Thanh] 72

Chang Pung Formation (ε3 cp) [Pham Kim Ngan] 76

ORDOVICIAN 80

Lutxia Formation (O1 lx) [Pham Kim Ngan] 80

Na Mo Formation (O2-3 nm) [Pham Kim Ngan] 82

ORDOVICIAN - SILURIAN 83

Phu Ngu Formation (O-S pn) [Tran Huu Dan] 83

Co To Formation (O-S ct) [Tran Huu Dan] 86

Tan Mai Formation (O-S tm) [Tran Huu Dan] 88

SILURIAN 90

Kien An Formation (S3 kn) [Ta Hoa Phuong, Tong-Dzuy Thanh] 90

WEST BAC BO 92

CAMBRIAN 92

Cam Duong Formation (ε1 cd) [Tran Huu Dan] 92

Song Ma Formation (ε2 sm) [Tran Huu Dan] 94

CAMBRIAN - ORDOVICIAN 97

Ham Rong Formation (ε3-O1 hr) [Tran Huu Dan] 97

Ben Khe Formation (ε-O1 bk) [Tran Huu Dan] 100

ORDOVICIAN 102

Dong Son Formation (O1 ds) [Tran Huu Dan] 102

ORDOVICIAN - SILURIAN 104

Sinh Vinh Formation (O - S sv) [Tran Huu Dan, Tong-Dzuy Thanh] 104


520

Bo Hieng Formation (S2 bh) [Ta Hoa Phuong) 106

VIET-LAOS REGION (Extreme West Bac Bo and North Trung Bo) 109

ORDOVICIAN-SILURIAN 109

Song Ca Formation (O3-S sc) [Pham Kim Ngan] 109

Long Dai Formation (O-S ld) [Tran Huu Dan] 111

Dai Giang Formation (S2 dg) [Nguyen Huu Hung] 114

(Mid Central Viet Nam) 116

CAMBRIAN - SILURIAN 116

A Vuong Formation (ε2-O1 av) [Tran Huu Dan] 116

Phong Hanh Formation (ε-S? ph) [Pham Huy Thong] 118

Chapter 4. MIDDLE PALEOZOIC (Devonian Units)

120


LOWER DEVONIAN 120

Song Cau Group (D1 sc) [Tong-Dzuy Thanh, Ta Hoa Phuong] 121

Si Ka Formation (D1 sk) 121

Bac Bun Formation (D1 bb) 124

Ban Thang Formation (D1? bt) [Ta Hoa Phuong] 126

Song Mua Formation (D1 sm) [Tong-Dzuy Thanh, Ta Hoa Phuong] 127

Nam Pia Formation (D1 np) [Tong-Dzuy Thanh] 129

Mia Le Formation (D1 ml) [Tong-Dzuy Thanh] 131

Ban Nguon Formation (D1 bn) [Tong-Dzuy Thanh] 134

Ta Khoa Formation (D1 tk) [Tong-Dzuy Thanh] 136

LOWER-UPPER DEVONIAN 138

Khao Loc Formation (D1-D2 kl ) [Ta Hoa Phuong] 138

Duong Dong Formation (D1 - D2 e dd) [Nguyen Huu Hung] 140

Ban Pap Formation (D1p-D3fr bp) [Tong-Dzuy Thanh, Ta Hoa Phuong] 142

Tan Lap Formation (D2g-D3fr ? tl) [Nguyen Huu Hung] 150

Do Son Formation (D2gv - ? D3fr ds) [Tong-Dzuy Thanh, Ta Hoa Phuong] 152

MIDDLE-UPPER DEVONIAN – LOWER CARBONIFEROUS 156

Trung Khanh Group 154

Bang Ca Formation (D2gv-D3fr bc) [Ta Hoa Phuong, Tong-Dzuy Thanh] 155

Toc Tat Formation (D3fr-C1t tt) [Ta Hoa Phuong] 157

Lung Nam Formation (C1t-v ln) [Doan Nhat Truong] See Chapter 5, page 206

Da Nieng Formation (C1 dn) [Doan Nhat Truong]. See Chapter 5, page 207

Trang Kenh Formation (D2gv-D3fm tk) [Nguyen Huu Hung] 161

VIET-LAOS REGION (Extreme West Bac Bo and North Central Viet Nam) 164

LOWER-MIDDLE PALEOZOIC 164

Nam Cuoi Complex (PZ1-2 nc) [Nguyen Huu Hung] 164

LOWER-MIDDLE DEVONIAN 166

A Choc Formation (D1 ah) [Nguyen Huu Hung] 166


521

Tay Trang Formation (D1- D2? tt) [Tong-Dzuy Thanh, Pham Huy Thong] 167

Rao Chan Formation (D1 rc) [Nguyen Huu Hung] 170

Ban Giang Formation (D1-D2e bg) [Nguyen Huu Hung] 172

Huoi Loi Formation (D1-2 hl) [Nguyen Huu Hung] 173

Muc Bai Formation (D2gv mb) [Nguyen Huu Hung] 175

MIDDLE-UPPER DEVONIAN 178

Nam Can Formation (D2 gv-D3 nc) [Nguyen Huu Hung] 178

Dong Tho Formation (D2gv-D3fr dt) [Tong-Dzuy Thanh, Nguyen Huu Hung] 180

Thien Nhan Formation (D3 tn) [Tran Van Tri] 183

Ngoc Lam Formation (D3fr nl) [Pham Huy Thong] 184

Xom Nha Formation (D3 xn) [Nguyen Huu Hung] 184

MIDDLE DEVONIAN - LOWER CARBONIFEROUS 187

Tan Lam Formation (D2gv-C1 tl) [Nguyen Huu Hung] 187

Phong Son Formation (D3-C1 ps) [Nguyen Huu Hung] 192

Co Bi Formation (D ? cb) [Nguyen Huu Hung] 195

CENTRAL TRUNG BO REGION (Mid Central Viet Nam) 196

Cu Brei Formation (D1 cb) [Tong-Dzuy Thanh] 196

NAM BO REGION (South Viet Nam) 198

DEVONIAN 198

Hon Heo Formation (D? hh) [Nguyen Huu Hung] 198

Chapter 5. UPPER PALEOZOIC 201


UPPER DEVONIAN - LOWER CARBONIFEROUS 201 Con Voi Formation (D3fm-C1 cv) [Doan Nhat Truong] 201

Pho Han Formation (D3fm-C1 ph) [Doan Nhat Truong] 204

LOWER CARBONIFEROUS 206

Lung Nam Formation (C1t-v ln) [Doan Nhat Truong] 206

Da Nieng Formation (C1 dn) [Doan Nhat Truong] 207

LOWER CARBONIFEROUS - PERMIAN 210

Da Mai Formation (C-P2 dm) [Doan Nhat Truong, Tong-Dzuy Thanh] 210

PERMIAN 215

Dong Dang Formation (P3 dd) [Doan Nhat Truong] 215

Ban Diet Formation (P1 bd) [Doan Nhat Truong] 218

Cam Thuy Formation (P3 ct) [Doan Nhat Truong] 220

Yen Duyet Formation (P3 yd) [Doan Nhat Truong] 222

Vien Nam Formation (P3 vn) [Tong Duy Thanh, Vu Khuc, Dang Tran Huyen] 224

Bai Chay Formation (P3 bc) [Doan Nhat Truong] 226

VIET-LAOS REGION (Extreme West Bac Bo and North Trung Bo) 229

LOWER CARBONIFEROUS 229

La Khe Formation (C1 lk) [Doan Nhat Truong] 229


522

LOWER CARBONIFEROUS - PERMIAN 232

Da Mai Formation (C-P2 dm) [Doan Nhat Truong, Tong-Dzuy Thanh] 232

UPPER PERMIAN 233

Cam Lo Formation (P3 cl) [Doan Nhat Truong] 233

PERMIAN-TRIASSIC 234

Song Da Complex (P-T2 sd) [Doan Nhat Truong] 234

SOUTH TRUNG BO AND NAM BO REGIONS 236

UPPER CARBONIFEROUS - PERMIAN 236

Dak Lin Formation (C3-P1 dl) [Pham Huy Thong] 236

PERMIAN 237

Ha Tien Formation (P1-2 ht) [Doan Nhat Truong] 237

Ta Not Formation (P3 tn) [Doan Nhat Truong] 240

Hon Quan Formation (P3 hq) [Doan Nhat Truong] 241

Dat Do Formation (P3 dd) [Nguyen Huu Hung] 241

PERMIAN - TRIASSIC 243

Chu Prong Formation (P3 - T1 cp) [Pham Huy Thong] 243

Chapter 6. MESOZOIC 245

PRE-NORIAN TRIASSIC 245


EAST BAC BO [Dang Tran Huyen] 245

LOWER TRIASSIC 246

Song Hien Formation (T1 sh) 246

Hong Ngai Formation (T1 hn) 248

Lang Son Formation (T1i ls) 251

Bac Thuy Formation (T1o bt) 253

MIDDLE TRIASSIC 257

Khon Lang Formation (T2a kl) 257

Lan Pang Formation (T2a lp) 260

Yen Binh Formation (T2a yb) 262

Diem He Formation (T2a dh) 261

Na Khuat Formation (T2 nk) 264

UPPER TRIASSIC 267

Mau Son Formation (T3c ms) 267

WEST BAC BO 269

LOWER TRIASSIC [Vu Khuc] 270

Co Noi Formation (T1 cn) 270

MIDDLE TRIASSIC 273

Dong Giao Formation (T2a dg) 273

Nam Tham Formation (T2l nt) 276

Muong Trai Formation (T2l mt) 277

MIDDLE-UPPER TRIASSIC 279


523

Song Boi Formation (T2l-T3c sb) 279

Lai Chau Formation (T2l-T3c lc) 281

UPPER TRIASSIC 282

Nam Mu Formation (T3c nm) 282

Pac Ma Formation (T3c pm) 283

TRUNG BO REGION (Central Viet Nam) [Dang Tran Huyen] 285

VIET-LAOS AREA (Extreme West Bac Bo and North Trung Bo) 285

MIDDLE TRIASSIC 286

Dong Trau Formation (T2a dt) 286

Hoang Mai Formation (T2a hm) 288

Quy Lang Formation (T2l ql) 290

CENTRAL TRUNG BO AND SOUTH TRUNG BO REGIONS 292

MIDDLE TRIASSIC 292

Mang Yang Formation (T2a my) [Vu Khuc] 292

NAM BO REGION 295

EAST NAM BO 295

LOWER TRIASSIC 295

Song Sai Gon Formation (T1 sg) [Vu Khuc] 295

MIDDLE TRIASSIC 296

Chau Thoi Formation (T2a ct) [Vu Khuc] 296

WEST NAM BO AND GULF OF THAILAND 298

LOWER TRIASSIC 298

Hon Đuoc Formation (T1? hd) [Dang Tran Huyen] 298

MIDDLE TRIASSIC [Dang Tran Huyen] 300

Hon Ngang Formation (T2a hn) 300

Minh Hoa Formation (T2a mh) 302

Tay Hon Nghe Formation (T2l tn) 303

NORIAN - MIDDLE JURASSIC 304


EAST BAC BO 304

NORIAN-RHAETIAN 304

Van Lang Formation (T3n-r vl) [Dang Tran Huyen] 304

Hon Gai Formation (T3n-r hg) [Dang Tran Huyen] 306

LOWER-MIDDLE JURASSIC 310

Ha Coi Formation (J1-2 hc) [Vu Khuc] 310

WEST BAC BO 313

NORIAN-RHAETIAN 313

Suoi Bang Formation (T3n-r sb) [Vu Khuc] 313

LOWER JURASSIC 317

Nam Po Formation [Vu Khuc] 317

TRUNG BO REGION (Central Viet Nam) 319

VIET-LAOS AREA 319


524

NORIAN-RHAETIAN 319

Dong Do Formation (T3n-r dd) [Vu Khuc] 319

CENTRAL TRUNG BO AREA (Mid Central Viet Nam) 321

NORIAN-RHAETIAN 321

Nong Son Group (T3n-r ns) [Vu Khuc] 321

An Diem Formation (T3n ad) 322

Suon Giua Formation (T3r sg) 323


A Ngo Formation (J1-2 ag) [Dang Tran Huyen] 324

Tho Lam Group (J1-2 tl) [Vu Khuc] 326

Ban Co Formation (J1h bc) 326

Khe Ren Formation (J1s-t kr) 328

Huu Chanh Formation (J2 hc) 329

Bai Dinh Formation (J1-2 bd) [Vu Khuc] 330

Binh Son Formation (J1-2 bs) [Vu Khuc] 331

SOUTH TRUNG BO AND EAST NAM BO REGIONS 332


Ban Don Group (J1-2 bd) [Vu Khuc] 332

Dak Bung Formation (J1h db) 333

Dak Krong Formation (J1s-t dk) 335

Ma Da Formation (J2a-bj md) 338

Song Phan Formation (J2bj-bt sp) 340

Ea Sup Formation (J2 es) [Vu Khuc] 340

WEST NAM BO AND GULF OF THAILAND REGIONS 342


Ta Pa Formation (J1-2 tp) [Dang Tran Huyen] 342

UPPER JURASSIC - CRETACEOUS [Vu Khuc] 344


EAST BAC BO 345

UPPER JURASSIC 345

Tam Lung Formation (J3 tl) 345

CRETACEOUS 346

Ban Hang Formation (K bh) 346

WEST BAC BO 348

UPPER JURASSIC - LOWER CRETACEOUS 348

Tu Le Formation (J3-K1 tl) 348

CRETACEOUS 350

Yen Chau Formation (K2 yc) 350

Nam Ma Formation (K nm) 351

TRUNG BO REGION (Central Viet Nam) 352

VIET-LAOS AREA 353

UPPER JURASSIC – LOWER CRETACEOUS 353


525

Muong Hinh Formation (J3 mh) 353

Mu Gia Formation (J3-K1 mg) 354

SOUTH TRUNG BO AND EAST NAM BO REGIONS 356

JURASSIC 356

Deo Bao Loc Formation (J3 dl) 356

CRETACEOUS 359

Dak Rium Formation (K1 dr) 359

Don Duong Formation (K2 dd) 360

Nha Trang Formation (K nt) 361

WEST NAM BO AND GULF OF THAILAND REGIONS 362

CRETACEOUS 363

Phu Quoc Formation (K pq) 363

Chapter 7. CENOZOIC 367

TERTIARY ON THE MAINLAND 369


EAST BAC BO 369

PALEOGENE 369

Dong Ho Formation (E2 dh) [Tong-Dzuy Thanh, Nguyen Dich Dy] 369

Cao Lang Group (E2-E32 cl) [Tong-Dzuy Thanh, Nguyen Dich Dy] 371

Cao Bang Formation (E2 cb) 372

Na Duong Formation (E31 nd) 374

Rinh Chua Formation (E32 rc) 376

NEOGENE 378

Tieu Giao Formation (N11-2 tg) [Tong-Dzuy Thanh, Nguyen Dich Dy] 378

RED RIVER TROUGH 380

PALEOGENE 380

Van Yen Formation (E2 vy) [Vu Khuc, Nguyen Dich Dy] 380

Co Phuc Formation (E3 cp) [Vu Khuc, Nguyen Dich Dy] 381

NEOGENE 381

Au Lau Formation (N1 al) [Vu Khuc, Nguyen Dich Dy] 381

HA NOI DEPRESSION (North of the Red River Basin) [Do Bat] 383

PALEOGENE 383

Phu Tien Formation (E2 pt) 383

Dinh Cao Formation (E3 dc) 384

NEOGENE 385

Phong Chau Formation (N11 pch) 385

Phu Cu Formation (N12 pc) 386

Tien Hung Formation (N13 th) 388

Vinh Bao Formation (N2 vb) 390

WEST BAC BO [Vu Khuc, Nguyen Dich Dy] 391

PALEOGENE 391


526

Pu Tra Formation (E2 pt) 391

Nam Un Formation (E3 nn) 392

Nam Bay Formation (E3 nb) 393

PALEOGENE - NEOGENE 394

Hang Mon Formation (E3-N11-2 hm) 394

NORTH TRUNG BO REGION (N of Central Viet Nam) [Vu Khuc, Nguyen Dich Dy] 396


Khe Bo Formation (E3 - N11-2 kb) 396

NEOGENE 397

Dong Hoi Formation (N13 dh) 397

Sam Son Formation (N2 ss) 398

Thach Han Formation (N2 th) 399

SOUTH TRUNG BO REGION (South Central Viet Nam) 400

TAY NGUYEN HIGHLAND AREA [Nguyen Dich Dy, Vu Khuc] 400

PALEOGENE 400

Song Ba Formation (E3 sb) 400

Kon Tum Formation (N1 kt) 401

LAM DONG AREA [Nguyen Dich Dy, Vu Khuc] 403


Di Linh Formation (E3-N1 dl) 403

COASTAL AREA [Vu Khuc, Nguyen Dich Dy] 404

NEOGENE 404

Song Luy Formation (N2 sl) 404

EAST NAM BO REGION (E of South Viet Nam) [Vu Khuc, Nguyen Dich Dy] 405

NEOGENE 406

Binh Trung Formation (N13 bt) 406

Nha Be Formation (N21 nb) 406

Ba Mieu Formation (N22 bm) 407

WEST NAM BO REGION (W of South Viet Nam) [Vu Khuc, Nguyen Dich Dy] 407

NEOGENE 408

Ben Tre Formation (N12 bt) 408

Phung Hiep Formation (N13 ph) 408

Can Tho Formation (N21 ct) 410

Nam Can Formation (N22 nc) 410

TERTIARY ON THE CONTINENTAL SHELF 412

NORTH OF THE BAC BO GULF 412

PALEOGENE 412

Bach Long Vi Formation (E3 blv) [Vu Khuc, Nguyen Dich Dy] 412

HUE - QUANG NGAI DEPRESSION (South of Song Hong Basin) [Do Bat] 414

PALEOGENE 414

Bach Tri Formation (E3 bt) 414


527

NEOGENE 415

Song Huong Formation (N1 1 sh) 415

Tri Ton Formation (N12 tt) 416

Quang Ngai Formation (N13 qn) 418

Bien Dong Formation (N2 bd) 419

CUU LONG BASIN [Do Bat] 420

PALEOGENE 420

Ca Coi Formation (E2 cc) 420

Tra Cu Formation (E31 tc) 421

Tra Tan Formation (E32-3 tt) 423

NEOGENE 424

Bach Ho Formation (N11 bh) 424

Con Son Formation (N12 cs) 427

Dong Nai Formation (N13 dn) 428


SOUTH CON SON BASIN [Do Bat] 431

PALEOGENE 431

Cau Formation (E3 c) 431

NEOGENE 434

Dua Formation (N1 1 d) 434

Thong - Mang Cau Formation (N12 tc) 436

Nam Con Son Formation (N1 3 ns) 438


MALAYA - THO CHU BASIN (SW Vietnamese continental shelf) [Do Bat] 441

PALEOGENE 441

Kim Long Formation (E3 kl) 441

NEOGENE 443

Ngoc Hien Formation (N11 nh) 443

Dam Doi Formation (N12 dd) 444

Minh Hai Formation (N13 mh) 445


REFERENCES 448

INDEX OF STRATIGRAPHIC UNITS 474

INDEX OF GEOGRAPHIC NAMES AND GEOLOGISTS 483

CONTENT 517-526


528

PREFACE

The geology of Viet Nam’s territory has been regularly studied for over a century, during

which nearly 8.000 research works on the geology of Viet Nam were published. Important

successes in stratigraphy have been achieved, which play the key role in understanding the

structure and geological history of the country’s bedrock.

In the twentieth century over 500 stratigraphic unit names have been published or proposed,

and a lot of them became popular in the Vietnamese geological language. Before the 50’s of the last

century stratigraphic research was carried out by French and other foreign geologists, who used

different styles. At that time a great number of stratigraphic units were described using different

stratigraphic conceptions. The stratigraphic terms have rapidly increased more recently, when

geological mapping at 1/200 000 and 1/50 000 was carried out.

Though the Stratigraphic Code of Viet Nam has been approved and published (1994) many

junior Vietnamese geologists understood the lithological properties of the lithostratigraphic unit as

rigid and usually describe a new unit and use a new term, although there is only a facies change of a

previously defined unit. As a result, the number of stratigraphic terms increased rapidly resulting in

an unduly complicated picture. In this situation, an assessment of the validity of Viet Nam’s

stratigraphic units becomes pressing, and a revision of Viet Nam’s stratigraphic units, including

those of the continental shelf and the subsurface on the mainland, is presented in this work.

The Quaternary sediments are distinguished by their special characteristics, and many units

were described, but there still are disagreements on the principles of their division in Viet Nam.

They should be dealt with in another work. Therefore in the “Stratigraphic units of Viet Nam”

the units from Precambrian to Neogene are dealt with, but Quaternary sediments will be

described only in the Neogene - Quaternary units.

According to the “Stratigraphic Code of Viet Nam” (1994) effusive bodies are not described as

stratigraphic units if there are no sedimentary interbeds in their sequences. However, there are, in

fact, bedded effusive bodies situated in clearly stratigraphic sequences, and having clear relations

with the adjacent units. In following the regulation of the “Stratigraphic Code of Viet Nam”, they

will be described as stratigraphic units in this work.

In former works stratigraphic units from oldest to youngest were usually described in the frame

of the regions determined in accord with present geological structure. The territory of Viet Nam

includes the mainland and the vast marine shelf belonging to different geological structural units. In

the historical development of regional geology the structural units have changed, and there are no

stable units through all geological periods for tens and hundreds of millions of years. For this reason,

in the “Stratigraphic units of Viet Nam” the regional division for the stratigraphic description is not

fixed through all great stratigraphic intervals, but each has its own scheme. In general the scheme of


529

the regional division is based on the paleobasin analysis presented in chapter 3, but each scheme has

its distinguishing features according to the characteristics of the units.

At present there are many problems in the stratigraphy of the country that are debated in

geological circles. For the main problems the editor has referred to the “Stratigraphic Code of Viet

Nam” and resolved them on the basis of new materials gathered by other geologists. In some acute

cases the editor and concerned colleagues carried out field investigations for finding the best

resolution. Nevertheless many new problems are expected that will need detailed studies in the

near future. For instance, the case of the Ta Khoa, Ngoc Lam formations, and Nam Cuoi

Complex, as well as many effusive - sedimentary formations etc.

Authors of this monograph are geologists from different research institutions of Viet Nam, and

they are as follows. Chapter 1 (Sedimentary paleobasins) – Tran Van Tri (TVT), Tong-Dzuy Thanh

(TDT), and Vu Khuc (VK); Chapter 2 (Precambrian) – Tran Tat Thang (TTT), Trinh Van Long

(TVL); Chapter 3 (Lower Paleozoic) – Pham Kim Ngan (PKN), Tran Huu Dan (THD), Ta Hoa

Phuong (THP), Tong-Dzuy Thanh, Nguyen Huu Hung (NHH), and Pham Huy Thong (PHT);

Chapter 4 (Devonian) – Tong-Dzuy Thanh, Nguyen Huu Hung (NHH), Ta Hoa Phuong (THP),

Pham Huy Thong (PHT), and Tran Van Tri (TVT); Chapter 5 (Upper Paleozoic) – Doan Nhat

Truong (DNT), Tong-Dzuy Thanh; Chapter 6 (Mesozoic) – Vu Khuc, Dang Tran Huyen (DTH).

Chapter 7 (Cenozoic) – Tertiary Units on mainland and on the Bach Long Vi Island were described

by Vu Khuc (VK), Tong-Dzuy Thanh (TDT) and Nguyen Dich Dy (NDD) based on materials of

Trinh Danh, Tran Dinh Nhan, Nguyen Dich Dy, Pham Quang Trung and others, which have been

published or stored in Archives (see References); Do Bat (DB) described Tertiary Units on

continental shelf and subsurface units on mainland. The Content, Index of geographic and geologist

names, and Index of stratigraphic names were compiled by Tong-Dzuy Thanh and Vu Khuc. The

detailed author index of items in each chapter will be indicated in the Contents by the abbreviation of

the author names as shown above.

The monograph “Stratigraphic units of Viet Nam” is an improved work of the Research

Project KT 01.05 (1990-1995) led by Tong-Dzuy Thanh. It includes materials of the authors

carried out over many years in their research and that of colleagues published at home and abroad,

and some materials conserved in the geological Archives are also referred to. The manuscript was

accomplished in the framework of the Fundamental Research Program (Project 721101. Assessing

the validity of stratigraphic units of Vietnam – 2001-2003 led by Tong-Dzuy Thanh). The

realization of this Project and the accomplishment of the manuscript was supported by the Council

for Natural Sciences, the Council of Earth Sciences, the College of Natural Sciences (Vietnam

National University, Ha Noi), and the Department of Geology & Mineral Resources of Viet Nam.

The authors are deeply grateful for the valuable support of the named organizations.

Manuscript was written in Vietnamese and edited by Tong-Dzuy Thanh (Viet Nam

National University, Ha Noi); Vu Khuc (Viet Nam Paleontological Association) edited the parts

on Mesozoic and Cenozoic, the English version was translated by Vu Khuc, Tong-Dzuy Thanh,

and Trinh Van Long. The authors express their deep acknowledgement to Prof. A. Boucot


530

(Oregon State University, USA) for his work editing the English text, to Boucot and Dr Janvier

Ph. for their help in improving this monograph.

Prof. Tong-Dzuy Thanh


Stratigraphic Units - VNUrepositories.vnu.edu.vn/jspui/bitstream/123456789/5409/1... ·...

Documents

Transcript of Stratigraphic Units - VNUrepositories.vnu.edu.vn/jspui/bitstream/123456789/5409/1... ·...