.=re ud¾f.damfoaY ix.%yh - NIEnie.lk/pdffiles/tg/s13tim49.pdfiii fmrjok ksmqK;d mdol úIhud,dj...

w'fmd'i' ^Wiia fm<&

wd¾Ól úoHdj13 jk fYa%Ksh

.=re ud¾f.damfoaY ix.%yh

^2010 j¾Ifha isg l%shd;aul fõ&

jHdmdr wOHhk fomd¾;fïka;=júoHd yd ;dlaIK mSGh

cd;sl wOHdmk wdh;kh

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wd¾Ól úoHdj

13 jk fY%aKsh - .=re ud¾f.damfoaY ix.%yh

© cd;sl wOHdmk wdh;kh

m%:u uqøKh - 2010

jHdmdr wOHhk fomd¾;fïka;=j

úoHd yd ;dlaIK mSGh

cd;sl wOHdmk wdh;kh

uqøKh ( rcfha uqøK kS;s.; ixia:dj

mdk¿j" mdÿlal

iii

fmrjok

ksmqK;d mdol úIhud,dj mdi,a moaO;shg y÷kajd§fï ld¾hh 13 jk fYa%Ksfha .=re

ud¾f.damfoaY ix.%y y÷kajd§u;a iuÕ iïmQ¾K fõ' 12 jk yd 13 jk fYA%Ksj, isiq

isiqúhka úYaj úoHd, m%fõYh i|yd mj;sk ±ä ;r.hg f.dÿreùu ksid ksrka;rj u hï

;rul mSvkhlg hg;a fõ' kj úIhud,dj m%:u j;djg w'fmd'i' ^W'fm'& i|yd fhdod

.efkk úg fuu mSvkh ;j;a ±ä fõ' tjeks wjia:djl Tn w;g m;ajk .=re ud¾f.damfoaY

ix.%yh" úIh ks¾foaY ;rug u .=rejrekg jeo.;a jkafka h' fuys uQ,slj u .=rejrhd

ie,ls,a,g .; hq;= me;s ;=kla we;' tkï .=re ud¾f.damfoaY úIh ks¾foaYh yd mQ¾Kj

.e<mS ;sîu" úIhud,dfõ wfmalaIs; ksmqK;d mdolj úIhud,dfõ o¾Ykh yd ±lau uq,afldg

f.k ilid ;sîu yd 12 - 13 fYa%Ksj, orejdf.ka wfmalaIs; idOk uÜgu fufkys fldg

ilid ;sîu' tfyhska fuh fyd¢ka mßYS,kh lsÍu .=rejrhdg w;HjYH ld¾hhla yd

j.lSula jkafkah'

cd;sl wOHdmk wdh;kh by; lS lreKq ;=k u Tnf.a wjOdkhg f.k tau i|yd 13 jk

fYa%Ksj, b.ekaùï lrk ish¨u .=rejrekg ta i|yd wjYH mqyqKqùï ,nd§u i|yd o

ls%hd;aul ù isà' ksrka;rj meje;afjk fuu mqyqKq ieisj,g wod< .rejreka iyNd.sùu

w;sYhska u wjYH lreKla jkafka fuys ±lafjk bf.kqï-b.ekaùï uQ, O¾u yd ls%hdodu

jgyd .ekSug mqyqKqj fnfyúka bjy,a jk ksid h' úfYaIfhka u mdi,a mdol we.hSï

ls%hd" ksmqK;d j¾Okh i|yd bjy,a lr .ekSu wfmalaId flf¾' úIh lreKqj,g muKla

b.ekaùu hg;aùug fkd§ isiqkf.a l=i,;d Tm .ekaùfï wNs,dIh bgqlr§ug fï ish¨

ueÈy;aùï wjYH nj wOHdmk yd we.hSï ld¾hfha kshef,k wm ish¨ u fokd jgyd .;

hq;= fõ'

.=re ud¾f.damfoaY ms<sfh, lsÍfï w;sYh fjfyildÍ ld¾hh bgqlr,Sug ueÈy;a jQ cd;sl

wOHdmk wdh;kfha ish¨u Ydia;S%h wxYj, ks,OdÍka we;=¿ ld¾h uKav, yd ndysrj ta

i|yd odhl jQ úoaj;a yeu fokdg u o udf.a úfYaI ia;+;sh ysñ fõ'

wdpd¾h Wmd,s tï' fiaorwdpd¾h Wmd,s tï' fiaorwdpd¾h Wmd,s tï' fiaorwdpd¾h Wmd,s tï' fiaorwdpd¾h Wmd,s tï' fiaor

wOHlaI ckrd,acd;sl wOHdmk wdh;kh

iv

ix{dmkhix{dmkhix{dmkhix{dmkhix{dmkh

fuu .=re ud¾f.damfoaY ix.%yh 2010 j¾Ifha isg 13 jk fY%aKsh i|yd bf.kqï - b.ekaùïl%shdj,sh ixúOdkh lr .ekSu i|yd .=re Nj;=kayg m%fhdackj;a fõ'

fuu fmd; iïmdokh lsÍug mdol lr.;a úIh ks¾foaYh fuf;la mej;s úIh ks¾foaYj,gjvd fjkia jQjls' tu fjki y÷kd .ekSug fhduqjk Tng th ksmqK;d mdol úIhks¾foaYhla nj oelsh yels h' tfy;a ksmqK;d uÜgï yd tla tla ksmqK;d uÜgï hgf;aoelafjk bf.kqï M, tu fY%aKsh ;=<§ u w;am;a lr .; hq;= fõ' tneúka Tng fY%aKshgwod< mdvï ie,iqï lr .ekSfï § tu ksmqK;d uÜgï yd bf.kqï M, fnfyúka m%fhdackj;afõ' fuu bf.kqïM, bf.kqï - b.ekaùï l%shdj,sfha § tla tla wruqKq ilid .ekSugfukau mka;s ldurfha § isÿ flfrk we.hSï WmlrK ilia lr .ekSfï § ks¾Kdhl f,ifhdod .ekSu flfrys Tnf.a wjOdkh fhduq lsÍu wfmalaId flf¾' fuu úIh yeoEÍfï§ mßYS,kh l< hq;= w;sf¾l fmd;a m;a fuka u fjí wvú mss<sn| isiqka oekqj;a lsÍug ofuu .=re ud¾f.damfoaYh Tng m%fhdackj;a fõ'

fuys fhdað; l%shdldrlï Tn ks¾udKYS,s .=rejrfhl= jYfhka l%shd lsßfï wfmalaIdiys;j wdo¾Yj;a f,i bÈßm;a l< tajd jYfhka i,lkak' tysoS .=re flakaøSh mka;s ldurl%shdj,sh fjkia lr YsIH flakaøSh njla we;s lsÍu úfYaIfhka wfmalaId flf¾' tneúkaisiqka úúO fmd;am;a mßYS,kh wka;¾cd, Ndú;h jeks .fõIKhg fhduq flfrkbf.kqï wjia:d yels yeuúg u Wod l< hq;= fõ' b.ekaùfï § iïm%odhsl f,i igykabÈßm;a lsÍu fjkqjg wdl¾IKSh f,i kj oekqu uQ,O¾u wdÈh bÈßm;a l< hq;= fõ' tai|yd ;dlaIKh yels;dla ÿrg fhdod.;a ikaksfõok Wml%u ks¾udKYS,S j Ndú; lsÍugkj mka;sldurh ;=< § Wkkaÿ úh hq;= fõ'

13 jk fY%aKsfha § fuu úIh b.ekaùu wrUk Tnf.a isiqkag úIh ks¾foaY ukdj meyeÈ,slr fokak' j¾Ih mqrd l%shd;aul lrk Tnf.a b.ekaùfï ie,eiau y÷kajd fokafka kïth isiqka ;=< fm<Uùula jkq we;' uq¿ úIh ks¾foaYh wdjrKh lr .ekSug mdi, fj;isiqka wdl¾IKh fõ' fuu úIhud,d m%;sixialrK rgg oefkk mka;s ldur bf.kqï -be.kaùï l%shdj,sfha fjkila we;s lrkq i|yd wod< úIh ks¾foaYh fuka u fuys fhdað;l%shdj,s weiqfrka Tnf.a ks¾udKYS,s yelshd mqnqÿjd .kakd fuka b,a,ñ'

fuu ud¾f.damfoaY ieliSfï § odhl jQ úoaj;a ieug" .=reNj;=kag iy cd;sl wOHdmkwdh;kfha ks,Odßkag udf.a ia;=;sh ysñ fõ' fï ld¾hh i|yd u`.mkajQ wOHlaI ckrd,awdpd¾h Wmd,s tï' fiaor ue;s÷ka fuka u uqøK lghq;= isÿ lr mdi,aj,g ,nd§fï j.lSuNdrf.k lghq;= l< wOHdmk m%ldYk flduidßia ckrd,a we;=¿ ld¾hh uKav,hg uf.aúfYaI ia;=;sh mqo lrñ' fuys we;=<;a lreKq ms<sn| j ixj¾Okd;aul fhdackd wef;d;a udfj; ,nd fokafka kï lD;{ fõ'

úu,a ishU,df.dvúu,a ishU,df.dvúu,a ishU,df.dvúu,a ishU,df.dvúu,a ishU,df.dviyldr wOHlaI ckrd,a^úIhud,d ixj¾Ok mSGh&

cd;sl wOHdmk wdh;kh

v

wOHdmk m%ldYk flduidßia

ckrd,a;=udf.a mKsjqvh

rch u.ska ish¨ u mdi,a isiq orejka fj; mdi,afm<fmd;a fkdñf,a ,nd fok w;r u .=re Nj;=ka fj;.=re ud¾f.damfoaY ix.%y ,nd §u u.ska .=re bf.kqï ydb.ekaùï ls%hdj,sh jvd;a M,odhS lr .ekSu wruqKq lr.efka'

úIh ks¾foaYfha ±lafjk ksmqK;d idlaId;a lr .ekSu i|ydisiqka fufyhjk kshuqjd jkafka .=rejrhd h' tneúka tuld¾hh uekúka jgyd f.k fuu .=re ud¾f.damfoaY ix.%ymßYS,kfhka b.ekaùï ls%hdj,sh ms<sn| j ukd mrsphla,nd f.k ksmqK;d mdol lr .ksñka bf.kqï ls%hdj,sfhkaWmrsu m%fhdack ,nd .kakd wdldrh ms<sn| j isiqka oekqj;alsÍfï j.lSu Tnyg mejf¾'

j¾;udk f,dalfha wNsfhda. ch.; yels isiq mrmqrla ìyslsÍfï Ndr¥r ld¾hNdrfha kshe,S isák Tng fuu.skabf.kqï b.ekaùï ls%hdj,sfha .=Kd;aul j¾Okhla we;slsÍug yels jkq we;ehs úYajdi lrñ'

ví,sõ' tï' tka' fÊ' mqIaml=udrví,sõ' tï' tka' fÊ' mqIaml=udrví,sõ' tï' tka' fÊ' mqIaml=udrví,sõ' tï' tka' fÊ' mqIaml=udrví,sõ' tï' tka' fÊ' mqIaml=udrwOHdmk m%ldYk flduidßia ckrd,a

wOHdmk m%ldYk fomd¾;fïka;=j—biqremdh˜n;a;ruq,a,'2009' 09' 21

vi

fufyhùu ( wdpd¾h Wmd,s tï' fiaor uhd" wOHlaI ckrd,a"cd;sl wOHdmk wdh;kh'

WmfoaYl;ajh ( úu,a ishU,df.dv uhd" iyldr wOHlaI ckrd,a"cd;sl wOHdmk wdh;kh'

ie,iqï yd úIh iïnkaëlrKh ( ã' t,a' iS' rejka wð;a l=udr uhd"iyldr jHdmD;s ks,OdÍ" cd;sl wOHdmk wdh;kh'

úIhud,d lñgqj (

1' fcHIaG uydpd¾h vekS w;m;a;= uhd - wOHhk wxY m%OdkS" wd¾Ól úoHd wOHhkwxYh" reyqKq úYaj úoHd,h'

2' uydpd¾h B' ohdr;ak uhd - wOHhk wxY m%OdkS" jdKsc úoHd wOHhkwxYh" YS% chj¾Okmqr úYaj úoHd,h'

3' uydpd¾h w;=, rKisxy uhd - wOHhk wxY m%OdkS" wd¾Ól úoHd wOHhkwxYh" fld<U úYaj úoHd,h'

4' wdpd¾h tï' .fkaIauQ¾;s uhd - fcHIaG lÓldpd¾h" wd¾Ól úoHdwOHhk wxYh" fld<U úYaj úoHd,h'

5' wdpd¾h tia'ví' ysrka; uhd - fcHIaG lÓldpd¾h" jdKsc úoHd wOHhkwxYh" YS% chj¾Okmqr úYaj úoHd,h'

6' wdpd¾h wfkdaud wfír;ak ñh - wOHhk wxY m%OdkS" wd¾Ól úoHd wOHhkwxYh" fmardfoksh úYaj úoHd,h'

7' kkaoisß lSôh fyÜá uhd - fcHIaG lÓldpd¾h" wd¾Ól úoHdwOHhk wxYh" reyqKq úYaj úoHd,h'

8' tia' tka' fla' u,a,sld fyajd ñh - fcHIaG lÓldpd¾h" wd¾Ól úoHdwOHhk wxYh" fld<U úYaj úoHd,h'

9' à' tia' ,shkdrÉÑ uhd - fcHIaG lÓldpd¾h" wd¾Ól úoHdwOHhk wxYh" fld<U úYaj úoHd,h'

10' wdpd¾h ta' isjfkairdcd uhd - m%Odk jHdmD;s ks,OdÍ"jHdmdr wOHhk fomd¾;fïka;=j"cd;sl wOHdmk wdh;kh'

11' ta'î' úfÊiQßh uhd - m%Odk jHdmD;s ks,OdÍ"jHdmdr wOHhk fomd¾;fïka;=j"cd;sl wOHdmk wdh;kh'

12' mS'tÉ' l=iqudj;S ñh - jHdmD;s ks,OdÍ"jHdmdr wOHhk fomd¾;fïka;=j"cd;sl wOHdmk wdh;kh'

13' tï' ta' whs' mS' fmf¾rd ñh - jHdmD;s ks,OdÍ"jHdmdr wOHhk fomd¾;fïka;=j"cd;sl wOHdmk wdh;kh'

14' tia' fla' m%ndyrka uhd - jHdmD;s ks,OdÍ"jHdmdr wOHhk fomd¾;fïka;=j"cd;sl wOHdmk wdh;kh'

15' ã't,a'iS' rejka wð;a l=udr uhd - iyldr jHdmD;s ks,OdÍ"jHdmdr wOHhk fomd¾;fïka;=j"cd;sl wOHdmk wdh;kh'

16' tia' wd¾' r;akÔj uhd - iyldr jHdmD;s ks,OdÍ"jHdmdr wOHhk fomd¾;fïka;=j"cd;sl wOHdmk wdh;kh'

vii

ixialdrl uKav,h (

1' fcHIaG uydpd¾h vekS w;m;a;= uhd - wOHhk wxY m%OdkS" wd¾Ól úoHd wOHhkwxYh" reyqKq úYaj úoHd,h'

2' uydpd¾h B' ohdr;ak uhd - wOHhk wxY m%OdkS" jdKsc úoHd wOHhkwxYh" YS% chj¾Okmqr úYaj úoHd,h'

3' wdpd¾h tï' .fkaIauQ¾;s uhd - fcHIaG lÓldpd¾h" wd¾Ól úoHdwOHhk wxYh" fld<U úYaj úoHd,h'

4' kkaoisß lSôh fyÜá uhd - fcHIaG lÓldpd¾h" wd¾Ól úoHdwOHhk wxYh" reyqKq úYaj úoHd,h'

5' ta'î' úfÊiQßh uhd - m%Odk jHdmD;s ks,OdÍ"jHdmdr wOHhk fomd¾;fïka;=j"cd;sl wOHdmk wdh;kh'

6' tï' ta' whs' mS' fmf¾rd ñh - jHdmD;s ks,OdÍ"jHdmdr wOHhk fomd¾;fïka;=jcd;sl wOHdmk wdh;kh'

7' ã't,a'iS' rejka wð;a l=udr uhd - iyldr jHdmD;s ks,OdÍ" jHdmdr wOHhk fomd¾;fïka;=j"

cd;sl wOHdmk wdh;kh'

8' tia' wd¾' r;akÔj uhd - iyldr jHdmD;s ks,OdÍ"jHdmdr wOHhk fomd¾;fïka;=j


f,aLl uKav,h (

01' tia'tka'ví'tï' úfÊr;ak nxvd uhd - ksfhdacH wOHlaI ^wOHhk&"udkj iïm;a l<ukdlrK wdh;kh'

02' t,a' wcka;d ú;drK ñh - ksfhdacH úÿy,am;s" f.da;ó nd,sldúoHd,h" fld<U'

03' ví' ,hk,a uhd - YS% ,xld .=re fiajh" O¾umd, uydúoHd,h" fldÜgdj'

04 fla' mS' lreKdr;ak uhd - YS% ,xld .=re fiajh" úchnd cd;sl mdi,"yqx.u'

05' tï'ã' moañKS ñh - YS% ,xld .=re fiajh" idka; f;dauia Wiiand,sld úÿy," ud;r'

06' fla'mS' pkaø,;d ñh - YS% ,xld .=re fiajh" wdkkao úoHd,h"fldÜgdj'

07' ;urd à' ldßhjiï ñh - YS% ,xld .=re fiajh" ix>ñ;a;d nd,sldúoHd,h" .d,a,'

08' whs' mS' tia' moañKS ñh - YS% ,xld .=re fiajh" Ydka; fcdaIma nd,slduyd úoHd,h" lE.,a,'

09' ta'tï't*a' uokshd ñh - ksfhdacH wOHdmk wOHlaI" ol=Kq m<d;awOHdmk fomd¾;fïka;=j'

10' t,a'Ô' fm%au;s,l uhd - .=re WmfoaYl" l,dm wOHdmk ld¾hd,h"fld;auf,a'

viii

11' tÉ'tï'úl%ur;ak uhd - YS% ,xld .=re fiajh" wïmsáh uyd úoHd,h"wïmsáh" uykqjr'

12' î'tia' ;s,lr;ak uhd - YS% ,xld .=re fiajh" iriú Whk uydúoHd,h" uykqjr'

13' ta'tï'Ô'tï' wêldÍ ñh - YS% ,xld .=re fiajh" jE;r uyd úoHd,h"fmd,a.ia´úg'

14' id,sh hd,fmd, uhd - YS% ,xld .=re fiajh" uydkdu uydúoHd,h" uykqjr'

15' fla'à' iurisxy uhd - YS% ,xld .=re fiajh" j,sisxy yßiapkaøúoHd,h" wkqrdOmqrh'

16' ta'tÉ'Ô' wurd úfÊj¾Ok ñh - Y%S ,xld .=re fiajh" fn,a,kalvj, uydúoHd,h" ;Uq;af;a.u'

17' fla'tï' mshfiak uhd - Y%S ,xld .=re fiajh" uydkdu uydúoHd,h" fudKrd.,'

18' yISkd uqidÈla ñh - YS% ,xld .=re fiajh" Y=oaO jQ mjqf,alkHdrduh" nïn,msáh'

19' fla'tka' ksYdka; uhd - YS% ,xld .=re fiajh" weô,smsáh uOH uydúoHd,h" weô,smsáh'

20' tï'fla'ta' moauisß uhd - YS% ,xld .=re fiajh" ÿgq.euqKq uOH uydúoHd,h" nq;a;,'

mß.Kl joka ieliqu :

tÉ'tï' fhydka rÑ;% r;akdhl uhd - cd;sl wOHdmk wdh;kh'

úúO iydh :huqkd mS' fyajdú;drK ñh - jHdmdr wOHhk fomd¾;fïka;=j"


mqIamd wurisxy ñh - jHdmdr wOHhk fomd¾;fïka;=j"cd;sl wOHdmk wdh;kh'

fjí wvúh : www.nie.lk

ix

mgqk

msgqjmsgqjmsgqjmsgqjmsgqj

fmrjok iii

ix{dmkh iv

wOHdmk m%ldYk flduidßia ckrd,a;=udf.a mKsjqvh v

f,aLl uKav,h vi-viii

.=re ud¾f.damfoaY ix.%yh mßYS,kh lsÍug Wmfoia 01-02

bf.kqï M, yd wdo¾Y ls%hdldrlï 03-131

mdi, mokï lr.;a ;lafiarelrKh 132

ye¢kaùu 133-135

bf.kqï - b.ekaùï we.hSï ie,iqï 136-143

uQ,dY% 144

- 1 -

.=re ud¾f.damfoaY ix.%yh mßYS,kh lsÍu i|yd Wmfoia

j¾I 2009 isg wOHhk fmdÿ iy;sl m;% Wiia fm< i|yd ls%hd;aulùug kshñ;

wd¾Ól úoHdj úIh ks¾foaYh ksmqK;d mdol j iïmdokh lr we;' tu úIh ks¾foaYfha

wvx.= wxl 07 isg 12 olajd jk ksmqK;d wdjrKh jk mßÈ fuu wd¾Ól úoHdj 13 jk

fY%aKsh .=re ud¾f.damfoaY ix.%yh ms<sfh< ù we;' fuu .=re ud¾f.damfoaY ix.%yh

u.ska wd¾Ól úoHdjg wod< úIh lreKq ms<sn| oekqu muKla fkdj wd¾Ól úoHdkql+,

j is;Sug;a ta wkqj yeisÍug;a wod< wdl,am" l=i,;d yd mqreÿ ,nd§u o wfmalaId

flf¾'

tu wruqKq fmroeß lrf.k isiqkaf.a ksmqK;d ixj¾Okh jk wdldrhg .=rejrhd

bf.kqï-b.ekaùï ls%hdj,sh ie,iqï lr .kq we;ehs wfmalaId flf¾' ta i|yd u.

fmkaùula jYfhka fuys wdo¾Y ls%hdldrlï lsysmhla we;=<;a lr we;' fuu .=re

ud¾f.damfoaY ix.%yh ilia lr we;af;a mka;s ldurh ;=< bf.kqï-b.ekaùï ls%hdj,sh

isÿ l< hq;= wkql%uh wkqj h' úIh ks¾foaYfha we;s iEu ksmqK;d uÜgula i|yd u

bf.kqï M, bÈßm;a lr we;' tu bf.kqï M,j,g yd wod< ksmqK;d uÜgug ish¨

u isiqka <Õd jk wdldrfha YsIH flakaøSh bf.kqï-b.ekaùï ls%hdj,shla Tn úiska

wkq.ukh lrkq we;e hs wfmalaIs; h' ta i|yd Tng lrk u.fmkaùula f,i f;dard.;a

ksmqK;d uÜgï lsysmhla i|yd msúiqu yd bf.kqu i|yd fhdað; Wmfoia bÈßm;a lr

we;' tu Wmfoia tf,i u wkq.ukh lsÍu wksjd¾h fkdjk w;r iqÿiq hehs yefÕk

YsIH flakaøSh jQ bf.kqï-b.ekaùï ls%hdj,shla wkq.ukh lsÍug mQ¾K ksoyi we;'

tfia u fuu .=re ud¾f.damfoaY ix.%yfhka ls%hdldrlu wjidkfha § —úIh lreKq

meyeÈ,s lr .ekSug w;aje,la bÈßm;a lr we;' th Tn mka;s ldurfha § ls%hdldrlï

;=<ska wkdjrKh lr .; hq;= yd isiqkag igykla f,i ,nd Èh hq;= úIh lreKqj,g

u.fmkaùula f,i i,lkak'

- 2 -

bf.kqï-b.ekaùï ls%hdj,sh i|yd msúiqu fyda bf.kqu i|yd fhdað; Wmfoia bÈßm;a

lr fkdue;s ksmqK;d uÜgï o fuys we;=<;a fõ' tu ksmqK;d uÜgï i|yd iqÿiq

m%fõYhla yd fhda.H bf.kqu i|yd jQ Wmfoia m;s%ldjla ilia lr isiqka ls%hdldÍ j

bf.kqfuys fhdojk wdldrfha YsIH flakaøSh bf.kqï-b.ekaùï ls%hdj,shla mka;s

ldurh ;=< ls%hd;aul lsÍug fhdackd flf¾'

úIh ks¾foaYfha ta ta ksmqK;dj,g fjka fldg we;s ld,Éfþo ixLHdjg jvd jeä

ld,Éfþo ixLHdjla j¾Ihlg ;sfnk w;r tu wu;r ld,h isiq ksmqK;d j¾Okh

lsÍug fhda.H jevigyka j,g wod< m%;sfmdaIK jevigyka ;lafiarej yd we.hSï

l%u ms<sfj;a i|yd fhdod .; yels h'

wd¾Ól úoHdj ñksidg b;d ióm yd m%dfhda.sl úIhla jk neúka Tnf.a bf.kqï-

b.ekaùï ls%hdj,sh ie,iqï lsÍfï § yd ls%hd;aul lsÍfï § ta ms<sn|j wjOdkh fhduq

lsÍfuka fuu úIhh isiqka w;r jvd;a ckms%h l< yels fõ'

bf.kqï M, iy wdo¾Y ls%hdldrlïbf.kqï M, iy wdo¾Y ls%hdldrlïbf.kqï M, iy wdo¾Y ls%hdldrlïbf.kqï M, iy wdo¾Y ls%hdldrlïbf.kqï M, iy wdo¾Y ls%hdldrlï

- 4 -

ksmqK;dj 7 ( id¾j wd¾Ól ls%hdldÍ;ajhg n,mdk ñ, uÜgïj, fjkiaùï

úYaf,aIKh lrhs'

ksmqK;d uÜgu 7'1 ( idudkH ñ, uÜgu wdYs%; ñkqï ú.%y lrhs'

ld,Éfþo ixLHdj ( 05 hs'

bf.kqï M, (

• idudkH ñ, uÜgu w¾: olajhs'

• ñ, o¾Ylhla hkak w¾: olajhs'

• § we;s ixLHd o;a; mokï lrf.k ñ, o¾Yl ilia lrhs'

bf.kqï-b.ekaùï ls%hdj,sh (

msúiqu (

• miq.sh jdr mÍlaIKfha § isiqka ,nd .;a ,l=Kqj, idudkH .Kkh lsÍug

Wmfoia ,nd fokak'

• ,l=Kqj, idudkH ,nd .;a wdldrh ms<sn| isiqkaf.a woyia úuikak'

• my; i|yka lreKq u;= lrñka idlÉPdjla fufyhjkak'

• tla tla úIhhkaj, ,l=Kqj, uq tl;=j úIhhka .Kkska fn§fuka ,l=Kqj,

idudkH w.h ,nd.; yels nj'

• fï wdldrhg NdKav yd fiajdj, ñ, .Kkaj, o idudkH w.h fidhd .;

yels nj'

• rgl ish¨ u NdKav yd fiajdj, ñ, .Kkaj, idudkH w.h weiqfrka ,nd

.kakd ñ, uÜgu idudkH ñ, uÜgu fyj;a fmdÿ ñ, uÜgu f,i y÷kajk

nj'

• isiqka iqÿiq mßÈ lKavdhï lr bf.kqu i|yd fhdað; Wmfoia ,nd § l%shdldrlfuys

fhdojkak'

- 5 -

NdKav j¾.hNdKav j¾.hNdKav j¾.hNdKav j¾.hNdKav j¾.h

^ls'.%E' 1 ñ, remsh,a&^ls'.%E' 1 ñ, remsh,a&^ls'.%E' 1 ñ, remsh,a&^ls'.%E' 1 ñ, remsh,a&^ls'.%E' 1 ñ, remsh,a&

lerÜ

fndaxÑ

,Slaia

tl;=jtl;=jtl;=jtl;=jtl;=j

j¾Ihj¾Ihj¾Ihj¾Ihj¾Ih

20052005200520052005

40

35

25

20062006200620062006

43

37

27

20072007200720072007

45

39

28

20082008200820082008

47

40

30

20092009200920092009

49

42

32

^2&^2&^2&^2&^2&

NdKav j¾.hNdKav j¾.hNdKav j¾.hNdKav j¾.hNdKav j¾.h

^ls'.%E' 1 ñ, remsh,a&^ls'.%E' 1 ñ, remsh,a&^ls'.%E' 1 ñ, remsh,a&^ls'.%E' 1 ñ, remsh,a&^ls'.%E' 1 ñ, remsh,a&

wkakdis

fodvï

fo¿ï


j¾Ihj¾Ihj¾Ihj¾Ihj¾Ih

20052005200520052005

30

20

35

20062006200620062006

32

23

37

20072007200720072007

35

25

40

20082008200820082008

37

28

42

20092009200920092009

40

30

45

^3&^3&^3&^3&^3&

• Tng ,eî we;s tla tla j¾Ih i|yd NdKav ;=fkys ñ, .Kkaj, tl;=j .Kkhlrkak'

• 2006" 2007" 2008 iy 2009 j¾Ij, NdKav ;=fkys ñ, .Kkaj, tl;=j 2005 j¾IhgidfmalaI j jeä ù fyda wvq ù we;s m%udKh .Kkh lrkak'

• tu jeä ùu fyda wvq ùu 2005 j¾Ifha NdKav ;=fkys ñf,ys tl;=fjysm%;sY;hla f,i fmkajkak'

• tla tla j¾Ifha ñ, .Kkaj, fjkfiys m%;sY;h Bg fmr j¾Ifha m%;sY;h iu.ii|d n,kak'

• fuu f;dr;=re weiqfrka Tng t<ôh yels ks.uk lKavdhï idlÉPdjla u.ska;SrKh lrkak'

• Tn úiska wkdjrKh lr.;a f;dr;=re iuia; mka;shg ks¾udKYS,S j bÈßm;a lsÍugiQodkï jkak'

bf.kqu i|yd fhdað; Wmfoia (• my; i|yka ñ, .Kka we;=<;a ixLHd f,aLk w;ßka Tfí lKavdhug ,eî we;s

ixLHdf,aLkh flfrys wjOdkh fhduq lrkak'

NdKav j¾.h^ls'.%E' 1 ñ, remsh,a&

iy,a

iSks

;sßÕ= msá

tl;=j

j¾Ih

20052005200520052005

35

40

25

20062006200620062006

40

42

30

20072007200720072007

42

45

32

20082008200820082008

45

48

35

20092009200920092009

48

50

38

^1&^1&^1&^1&^1&

- 6 -

úIh lreKq meyeÈ,s lr .ekSug w;aje,la (

• fmdÿ ñ, uÜgu hkq ish¿u NdKav yd fiajdj, ñ, .Kka ksrEmKh lrk

o¾Ylhla nj'

• fuys § tla tla NdKavj, remsh,a Y; j,ska m%ldYs; ñ, .Kka ir, f,i

tl;= lsÍu ;=<ska muKla fmdÿ ñ, uÜgu ms<sn| w¾:j;a w.hla ,nd .;

fkdyels nj'

• tu ksid remsh,a Y; w.h fjkqjg o¾Yldxlj,ska m%ldYs; w.hla ,nd .; hq;=

nj'

• ld,h;a iu. fjkiajk ´kE u úp,Hhl jákdlu o¾Yldxlj,ska m%ldY

l< yels nj'

• mdol j¾Ihg idfmalaI j ld, fYa%Ks w.hka fjkiajk wdldrh m%;sY;d;aul

j oelaùug o¾Yldxl fhdod .kq ,nk nj'

• mdo j¾Ih o¾Yldxlfha 100 la f,i ie,l+úg fiiq j¾Ij, ld, fYa%Ks w.h

ljr m%;sY;hlska fjkia ù we;aoehs tu.ska .Kkh l< yels nj'

• ñ, idfmalaIhka my; i|yka ixLHdf,aLkh Ndú;fhka bÈßm;a l< yels

nj'

• mdo j¾Ihg idfmalaI j II jk j¾Ifha fmdÿ ñ, uÜgu 43] lska yd f;jeks

j¾Ifha fmdÿ ñ, uÜgu 100] lska by< f.dia we;s nj'

NdKavhNdKavhNdKavhNdKavhNdKavh

I iy,a

II ;sßÕ= msá

III iSkS


idudkH ñ,

(I+II+III)÷3

ñ, idfmalaIhñ, idfmalaIhñ, idfmalaIhñ, idfmalaIhñ, idfmalaIh

m<uq j¾Ihm<uq j¾Ihm<uq j¾Ihm<uq j¾Ihm<uq j¾Ih

100

100

100

300

100

fojk j¾Ihfojk j¾Ihfojk j¾Ihfojk j¾Ihfojk j¾Ih

160

150

120

430

143'3

f;jk j¾Ihf;jk j¾Ihf;jk j¾Ihf;jk j¾Ihf;jk j¾Ih

240

200

160

600

200

- 7 -

ksmqK;d uÜgu 7'2 ( YS% ,xldfõ idudkH ñ, uÜgfï fjkiaùï uksk ñ, o¾Yl

úuid n,hs'

ld,Éfþo ixLHdj ( 08

bf.kqï M, (

• idudkH ñ, uÜgu uekSug Y%S ,xldj Ndú; lrk ñ, o¾Yl kï lr meyeÈ,s

lrhs'

• tla tla ñ, o¾Ylj, we;s jeo.;alu fmkajd fohs'

• Y%S ,xldfõ idudkH ñ, uÜgu uekSug fhdod .efkk ñ, o¾Ylj, wvqmdvq

idlÉPd lrhs

úIh lreKq meyeÈ,s lr .ekSug w;aje,la (-

• Y%s ,xldfõ fmdÿ ñ, uÜgu uekSu i|yd Ndú; flfrk o¾Yl rdYslhla we;s nj'

• tu o¾Yl w;=ßka we;ï tajd mdßfNda.sl ñ, o¾Yl yd we;eï tajd iuia; ñ,

uÜgu uekSug fhdod .kakd nj'

• j¾;udkfha Y%s ,xldfõ fmdÿ ñ, uÜgu uekSu i|yd kj fld<U mdßfNda.sl

ñ, o¾Ylh" f;d. ñ, o¾Ylh yd .uH ñ, o¾Ylh Ndú; lrk nj'

• 2008 j¾Ifha uehs udifha isg Y%s ,xlfõ ñ, o¾Ylh jkafka kj fld<U md¾fNda.sl

ñ, o¾Ylh nj'

• 1952 j¾Ifha isg Y%s ,xldfõ ks, ðjk úhoï o¾Ylh f,i fld<U mdßfNda.sl

ñ, o¾Ylh Ndú; jQj;a tys mej;s ÿ¾j,;d fya;=fjka kj fld<U mdßfNda.sl

ñ, o¾Ylh y÷kajd ÿka nj'

• kj fld<U mdßfNda.sl ñ, o¾Ylfha mdo j¾Ifha 2002 nj'

• tu ñ, o¾Ylh ck yd ixLHdf,aLk fomd¾;fïka;=j úiska udia m;d .Kkh

fldg rcfha .eiÜ m;%h uÕska m%ldYhg m;a lrk nj'

• kj fld<U mdßfNda.sl ñ, o¾Ylfha ksheÈh uÕska fld<U Èia;%slalfha l=gqïN

1300 lg jeä m%udKhla ksfhdackh lrk nj'

• 2002 j¾Ifha l=gqïN wdodhï úhoï iólaIKh u; kj fld<U mdßfNda.sl ñ,

o¾Ylfha NdKav j¾. f;dard .ekSu;a nr ;eîu;a isÿ ù we;s nj'

• my;ska oelafjk uOHia:dk j,§ kj ñ, o¾Ylh i|yd o;a; /ialrk nj'

msgfldgqj" urodk" je,a,j;a;" fougf.dv" .%Ekamdia" fnd/,a," lsre,mk"

foysj," fldaÜfÜ" kqf.af.dv" fldf,dkakdj iy r;au,dk

• by; i|yka fjf<|fmd<j,ska udislj /ialr.kakd ñ, .Kka ñ, kdñl

w.hka .Kkh lsÍfuka o¾Ylh ilid .kq ,nk nj'

- 8 -

• mdol ld,mßÉfþofha § ñ, § .kq ,enQ NdKav yd fiajd m%udKhu wod< fjk;a

ld,mßÉfþohl § ñ, § .kafka kï fld;rï úhoula oeÍug isÿ jkafka o hkak

fuu o¾Ylh uÕska fmkakqï lrk nj'

• fuu ñ, o¾Ylh ieliSu i|yd my; iólrKh Ndú; l< yels nj'

P1 =

wod< j¾Ifha fjf<|fmdf<a meje;s ñ,

P0 = mdol j¾Ifha fjf<|fmdf< mej;s ñ,

Q0 = mdol j¾Ifha § f.k mßyrKh lrk ,o NdKav m%udKh

∑ = tl;=j

• iuia; Y%s ,xldfõ u úhoï rgdj ksfhdackh fkdùu fuu o¾Ylfha wvqmdjla

nj'

• uy nexl=j 1977 § f;d. ñ, o¾Ylh y÷kajd ÿka nj'

• m%d:ñl fjf<|fmdf<a ñ, .Kka fjkiaùu uekSu i|yd fuh fhdod .kakd nj'

• 1974 mdo j¾Ih f,i i,ld NdKav ldKav 13 lg fnod nr ;nd o¾Ylh ilid

we;s nj'

• m%d:ñl fjf<|fmd< ñ, uÜgfus fjkialï mokï lrf.k is,a,r fjf<|fmdf<a

ñ, .Kka mqfrdal:kh l, yels nj'

• fiajd we;=<;a fkd ù u fuys wvqmdvqjla nj'

• ia:djr ñ, hgf;a yd j¾;k ñ, hgf;a .Kkh lrk ,o o< foaYSh ksIamdÈ;

weia;fïka;= mokï lrf.k .uH ñ, o¾Ylh ilia lrkq ,nk nj'

• tlu j¾Ihl § ia:djr ñ,g yd j¾;k ñ,g .Kkh l< o< foaYSh ksIamdÈ;fha

jákdlu w;r wkqmd;fhka fmkakqï lrKqfha ñ, fjkia jq m%udKh nj'

• fuu wkqmd;h wjOuklh kñka y÷kajk nj'

• tu wkqmd;h 100 ka .=Kl, úg ñ, o¾Ylhla f,i Ndú; l< yels nj

• fuh .Kkh lsÍu i|yd my; iQ;%h fhdod .kakd nj'

• o< foaYSh ksIamdÈ;h weia;fïka;= ieliSu i|yd fhdod.kq ,nk ish¨u NdKav

yd fiajd ñ, .Kka fuys we;=<;a ùu iqùfYaI ,laIKhla nj'

mdßfNda.sl ñ, o¾Ylh }P

1Q

0

P0Q

0∑

∑

wod< j¾Ifha j¾;k ñ,g wkqj o'foa'ksIamdokh

wod< j¾Ifha ia:djr ñ,g wkqj o'foa'ksIamdokh

.uH ñ, o¾Ylh

- 9 -

ksmqK;d uÜgu 7'3 ( WoaOukh ms<sn| ixl,am ú.%y lrñka WoaOuk m%fNao wOHhkh

lrhs'


bf.kqï M, (

• WoaOukh w¾: olajhs'

• WoaOukh uekSug Ndú; lrk ñkqï bÈßm;a lrhs'

• WoaOukfha m%fNao kï lr meyeÈ,s lrhs'

• WoaOuk wdY%s;j bÈßm;ajk úúO ixl,am idlÉPd lrhs'


• wd¾Ólfha fmdÿ ñ, uÜgfuys yg.kakd wLKav by< hdulaa WoaOukhla f,i

y÷kajk nj'

• wd¾Ólhl WoaOukfha m%udKh ;SrKh jkqfha tla tla NdKavfha ñf,ys yg.kakd

fjki u.ska fkdj ish¿ NdKav yd fiajdj, ñ, .Kkaj, idudkH w.h u.ska

nj'

• fmdÿ ñ, uÜgfuys ienE jYfhka yg.kakd by< hdu u;=msg WoaOukh nj'

• uQ,sl WoaOukh fyj;a háoeß WoaOukh kñka ye¢kafjkafka ;djld,sl ñ,

fjkialï igyka lsÍu i|yd .e,mqïlrk ,o WoaOuk wkqmd;slh nj'

• uQ,H m%;sm;a;ska jeks b,a¨ï l<ukdlrK m%;sm;a;ska ms<sn| ;SrK .ekSfï §

ie,ls,su;a úh hq;af;a uQ,sl WoaOukh ms<sn| j nj'

• cd;Hka;r iïu; Tiafia hñka Y%s ,xldj o uQ,sl WoaOukh .Kkh lsÍu i|yd

wdydr yd bkaOk hk whs;uhka fol bj;a lrk nj'

• WoaOuk fõ.h mokï lrf.k m%i¾mK WoaOukh" cjk WoaOukh" w;sWoaOukh"

i¾ms, WoaOukh yd u¾ê; WoaOukh jYfhka WoaOukh m%fNao y÷kd.kakd nj

• WoaOuk fõ.h l%ufhka wvqùu ksreoaOukh nj'

• wd¾Ólhl fmdÿ ñ, uÜgfuys yg .kakd wLKav my<hdula wjOukhla f,i

y÷kajk nj'

- 10 -

ksmqK;d uÜgu 7'4 ( WoaOukh ú.%y lrk úúO m%fõY wkqidrfhka WoaOukhg

n,mdk fya;= iy m%;súmdl úYaf,aIKh lrhs'


bf.kqï M, (• WoaOukh n,mdk fya;= úúO m%fõY Tiafia meyeÈ,s lrhs'• WoaOukfha m%;súmdl ú.%y lrhs'• WoaOukh md,kh lsÍug fhdo.; yels l%shd ud¾. meyeÈ,s lrhs'


• WoaOukh my; i|yka m%fõY weiqßka úYaf,aIKh l, yels nj'

• b,a¨fuka weÿKq WoaOukh

• msßjefhka ;,a¨ jQ WoaOukh

• jHqyd;aul WoaOukh

• iSñ; NdKav m%udKhla miqmi we§ hk w;s úYd, uqo,a m%udKhla fya;=fjka

b,a¨fuka weÿKq WoaOukhla we;s jk nj'

• b,a¨u jeä ùu flfrys uQ,H m%idrKh" rdcH Kh j¾Okh yd rdcH úhoï

by<hdu bjy,a jk nj'

• b,a¨ï WoaOuk kHdfha m%fõY uqo,a m%udKjd§ ú.%yh yd flakaiShdkq ú.%yh

jYfhka fowdldr nj'

• fhojqï ñ, by< hdu ksid ksIamdok msßjeh jeä ùfuka NdKav yd fiajdjka ys

ñ, by< hdu msßjefhka ;,a¨ jQ WoaOukh nj'

• cd;sl wdodhï mx.= w;am;a lr .ekSug úúO lKavdhï w;r mj;akd .egqu u;

we;sjk msßjeh by< hdu ksid ñ, uÜgu jeäjk nj'

• ksoiqka jYfhka jD;a;Sh iñ;s l%shdud¾. ksid jegqma jeäùu oelaúh yels nj'

• b,a fuka weÿKq yd msßjefhka ;,a jq WoaOukh m%ia;dr weiqfrka ú.%y l< yels

nj'

• wd¾Ól jHqyfha mj;sk oDv;d" iSud yd wkuH;d wd§h fya;=fjka jHqyd;aul

WoaOukhla we;s jk nj'

• WoaOukh ksid úúO wd¾Ól m%;súmdl we;sjk nj'

• uqof,a uQ¾; w.h wvqùu ia:djr wdodhï ,nkakka" b;sß lrkakka iy Kh ysñhka

yg wys;lr f,i n,mdk nj'

• úp,H wdodhï ,nkakkag yd Kh .e;shka yg WoaOukh jdis odhl jk nj

• uQ¾; wdodhu my; iQ;%h Ndú;fhka .Kkh l< yels nj'

• WoaOukh fya;=fjka wd¾Ól lghq;=j, ld¾hlaIu;dj wvqùu WoaOukfha wd¾Ól

msßjeh nj'

• WoaOukh md,kh lsÍu i|yd uQ,H m%;sm;a;s yd rdcH uQ,H m%;sm;a;s l<ukdlrKh

fhdod .; yels nj'

uQ¾; wdodhu kdñl wdodhu

ñ< o¾Ylh

- 11 -

ksmqK;dj 8 ( wd¾Ólhl ls%hdldÍ;ajhg uqo,a yd nexl= moaO;sh odhl jk

wdldrh úYaf,aIKh lrhs'

ksmqK;d uÜgu 8'1 ( uqo,a" uqo,a j¾. yd uqof,a ld¾hhka úuid n,hs'


bf.kqï M, (

• uqo,a w¾:l;kh lrñka fyd| uqo,l ,laIK meyeÈ,s lrhs'

• uqo,a j¾. lrñka tajdg ksoiqka bÈßm;a lrhs'

• uqof,a ld¾hhka ksoiqka iys; j meyeÈ,s lrhs'

• uqof,a w.h y÷kajñka tys wNHka;r yd ndysr w.h ;SrKh jk wdldrh fmkajd

fohs'


• iDcq yqjudre l%uh hgf;a NdKav yqjudrefõ § ÿIalr;djkag uqyqK §ug isÿ jQ

nj'

• NdKav yqjudrefõ § jqjukd w;r oaúl iumd;hla mej;sh hq;= nj'

• ta yereKq úg NdKav yqjudre l%ufha § fjk;a ÿIalr;djkag o uqyqK §ug isÿ jQ

nj'

• uqo,a Ndú;h;a iu. tu ÿIalr;djhkaf.ka fndfydauhlg úi÷ï ,enqKq nj'

• fmdÿ ms<s.ekSula we;s yqjudre udOHhla f,i lghq;= lrk ´kE u fohla uqo,a

f,i ie,lsh yels nj'

• wfkl=;a j;alï w;ßka zuqo,aZ keu;s j;alfuys iqúfYaIS ,laIK mj;sk nj

• fyd| uqo,l my; i|yka ,laIK olakg we;s nj'

• fmdÿ ms<s.ekSula mej;Su

• l,a mj;akd nj

• iucd;Sh nj

• l=vd fldgiaj,g fnÈh yels ùu

• myiqfjka m%jdykh l< yels ùu

• jákdlu úp,kh fkdùu

• jxpksl f,i wkqlrKh l< fkdyels ùu

• j¾;udkfha Ndú;jk uqo,a j¾. rdYshla mj;sk nj'

• rg ;=< ´kE u .kqfokqjla i|yd kS;sfhka j,x.= uqo,a jHdjydr uqo,a nj'

• jdKsc nexl=j, mj;sk cx.u .sKqï nexl= uqo,a nj'

• jHjydr uqo,a iy fplam;a kQ;k uqo,a jYfhka y÷kajk nj'

- 12 -

• myiqfjka yqjudre udOHhla njg m;alr .; yels j;alï wdikak uqo,a nj'

• jákdlfï ixksêhla jYfhka l%shd fkdlrk" tfy;a ;djld,sl yqjudre

udOHla jYfhka lghq;= lrk oE uqo,a wdfoaYl nj'

ksoiqka (- (- (- (- (- Khm;a

• fN!;sl uqo,a úoHq;a l%uh Ndú;fhka .nvd lr ;nd uDÿldx.hla u.ska .kqfokq

i|yd fhdod .kakd l%ufõohla úoHq;a uqo,a jk nj'

• uqof,a my; oelafjk ld¾hhka mj;sk nj'

• yqjudre udOHhla f,i lghq;= lsÍu

• jákdlfï ixksêhla f,i lghq;= lsÍu

• .sKqï tallhla f,i lghq;= lsÍu

• ú,ïî; f.jqï udOHla f,i lghq;= lsÍu

• .kqfokqjla isÿ lsÍfï § w;rueÈfhl= f,i lghq;= lsÍu yqjudre udOHla

f,i lghq;= lsÍu f,i ye¢kafjk nj'

• wkd.; wfhdackh i|yd Okh /ialr ;nd .ekSu j;alfï ikaksêhla f,i

lghq;= lsÍu f,i ye¢kafjk nj'

• NdKavhl fyda fiajdjl jákdlu fmdÿ tallhlska m%ldY lsÍfï yelshdj

.sKqï tallhla f,i lghq;= lsÍu f,i ye¢kafjk nj'

• l,amiq jq f.ùï jvd;a ld¾hlaIu j isÿ lsÍug we;s yelshdj ú,ïî; f.jqï

udOHla f,i lghq;= lsÍu f,i ye¢kafjk nj'

• lsishï wjia:djl uqo,a tallhlska ñ, § .; yels NdKav yd fiajd m%udKh

uqof,a w.h jk nj'

• uqof,a w.h wNHka;r iy ndysr jYfhka fldgia l< yels nj'

• hï rgl uqo,a tallhlska ta rg ;=< § ñ, § .; yels NdKav yd fiajd m%udKh

uqof,a wNHka;r w.h jk nj'

• hï rgl uqo,a tallhlska úfoaY rgl § ñ, § .; yels NdKav yd fiajd

m%udKh uqof,a ndysr w.h jk nj'

• uqof,a wNHka;r w.h foaYSh ñ, uÜgu wkqj ;SrKh jk w;r uqof,a ndysr

w.h úksuh wkqmd;slh u; ;SrKh jk nj'

• uqof,a ndysr w.h iy wNHka;r w.h w;r Ok iïnkaO;djhla mj;sk nj'

- 13 -

ksmqK;d uÜgu 8'2 ( uqo,a b,aü flfrys n,mdk idOl bÈßm;a lrhs'

ld,Éfþo ixLHdj ( 05 hs

bf.kqï M, (

• uqo,a b,aü w¾:l;kh lrhs'

• uqo,a b,aü flfrys n,mdk idOl meyeÈ,s lrhs'

• uqo,a b,aü yd ta flfrys n,mdk idOl w;r mj;sk iïnkaO;dj m%ia;dr

weiqfrka ú.%y lrhs'


msúiqu (

• isiqkag uqo,a wjYHùug fya;= úuikak'

• my; i|yka lreKq u;= lrñka idlÉPdjla fufyh jkak'

• wdydr mdk ñ, § .ekSu" fnfy;a ñ,§ .ekSu" yÈis wjYH;djl § m%fhdackhg

.ekSu yd m%jdyk myiqlï ,nd .ekSu jeks lghq;= i|yd mqoa.,hska uqo,a <Õ

;nd .kakd nj'

• fuf,i uyckhd uqo,a <Õ ;nd .ekSug we;s leue;a; uqo,a b,aü nj'

• uqo,a b,aüg úúO idOl n,mdk nj'

bf.kqu i|yd fhdacs; Wmfoia (

• my; i|yka jkafka mqoa.,hl=g uqo,a wjYH jk wjia:d lsysmhls' ta w;ßka Tn

lKavdhug ,efnk wjia:dj flfrys wjOdkh fhduq lrkak'

• iy,a ñ, § .ekSu i|yd

• ksjfia § we;sjk yÈis wjYH;djla i|yd

• fldgia fjf<|fmdf<a wdfhdackh i|yd

• Tn lKavdhug ,eî we;s wjia:dj flfrys ie<ls,su;a jkak'

• ta jeks u jQ uqo,a wjYH jk fjk;a wjia:d i|yd ksoiqka yels;dla ,ehsia;=.;

lrkak'

• Tng hï ksYaÑ; udisl wdodhula mj;S hehs Wml,amkh lrkak'

• thska fldmuK uqo,la Tn lKavdhug wod< ld¾hh i|yd fjka lrkafka oehs

;SrKh lrkak'

- 14 -

• by; udisl wdodhu fo.=K jqjfyd;a wod< ld¾hhkag fjka lrk uqo,

;SrKh lrkak'

• by; f;dr;=re weiqfrka wdodhu fjkia ùula yd wod< ld¾hhg uqo,a fjka

lsÍu w;r iïnkaO;dj oelafjk m%ia;drhla ks¾udKh lrkak' ^;Sria

wlaIfha wod< ld¾hh fjka lrk uqo," isria wlaIfha wdodhu&

• by; m%ia;drh weiqßka wdodhu yd Tng wod< ld¾hhg uqo,a fjka lsÍu w;r

mj;sk iïnkaO;dj meyeÈ,s lrkak'

• Tfí wkdjrKh iuia; mka;shg ks¾udKYS,S j bÈßm;a lsÍug iQodkï jkak'


• lsishï wjia:djloS uqo,a" uqo,aa jYfhka <Õ ;nd .ekSug uyckhd ;=< we;s

leue;a; uqo,a b,aü jYfhka w¾:l;kh l< yels nj'

• uqo,g we;s b,aü my; oelafjk m%Odk lreKq ;=k mokï lrf.k isÿjk

nj'

• .Kqfokq fÉ;kdj

• wdrlaIK fÉ;kdj

• iufmalaIK fÉ;kdj

• mqoa.,hdg wdodhï ,eîu iy úhoï lsÍu tlsfklg fkd.e,mSu ksid

.Kqfokq lsÍfï wruqKska uqo,a fYaI <Õ ;nd .ekSu .Kqfokq fÉ;kdj ksid

we;sjk uqo,a b,aü f,i ye¢kafjk nj'

• m%Odk jYfhka mqoa.,hdf.a wdodhï uÜgu wkqj .Kqfokq i|yd we;sjk

uqo,a b,aü fjkiajk nj'

• wdodhï uÜgu yd .Kqfokq i|yd uqo,a b,a u;a w;r wkqf,dau iïnkaO;djhla

mj;sk nj'

• th my; oelafjk wdldrhg Ys%;hla iy m%ia;drhla weiqfrkaa oelaúh yels nj'

- 15 -

• wdodhï yer fjk;a lreKq o .Kqfokq fÉ;kdfjka uqo,g we;s b,aüg

n,mdk nj'

• wkfmalaIs; wjia:dj, § isÿjk úhoï oeÍu i|yd uqo,a fYaI <Õ ;nd

.ekSu wdrlaIK fÉ;kdj hgf;a uqo,g we;s b,aü jk nj'

• wdrlaIK fÉ;kdfjka uqo,g we;s b,aü o wdodhu u; ;SrKh jk nj'

• wdodhu iy wdrlaIK fÉ;kdj;a u; uqo,g we;s b,aü;a w;r wkqf,dau

iïnkaO;djhla mj;sk w;r tu iïnkaO;dj Ys%;d;aul j yd m%ia;dßl j

my; whqßka ksrEmKh l< yels nj'

• wkd.;fha ,dN bmhSfï wruqKska wh jia;=jla f,i uqo,g we;s b,aü

iufmalaIK fÉ;kdj u; uqo,g we;s jk b,aü nj'

= .Kqfokq fÉ;kdj u; uqo,a b,aü

Y= wdodhï uÜgu

Y0

>

>

= wdrlaIK fÉ;kdfjka uqo,g we;s b,aü

Y = wdodhu

Y0 >

>

Md

t Md

t

Md

t = f(Y)

M dp

M d

p

M d

p = f(Y)

- 16 -

• iïfmalaIK fÉ;kdfjka uqo,g we;s jk b,a¨u;a fjf<|fmd< fmd,S

wkqmd;h;a w;r m%;sf,dau iïnkaO;djhla mj;sk nj'

• th Ys%;d;aul j yd m%ia;dßl j my; mrsos ksrEmKh l< yels nj'

= iïfmalaIK fÉ;kdfjka uqo,g we;s b,a¨u

R = fjf<|fmd< fmd,S wkqmd;slh

R0 >

>Md

s

Md

s

Md

s = f(R)

- 17 -

ksmqK;d uÜgu 8'3 ( YS% ,xldfõ uqo,a iemhqu úYaf,aIKd;aul j mÍlaId lrhs'


bf.kqï M, (

• uqo,a iemhqu w¾:l;kh lrhs'

• uqo,a iemhqu ;SrKh lrk idOl meyeÈ,s lrhs'

• uQ,H iuia;hka fm<.iajd tajd fjka fjka jYfhka ú.%y lrhs'

• uy nexl=fõ j.lSï iy j;alï weiqfrka mokï uqo,a w;r iïnkaO;djh ú.%y

lrhs'

• uqo,a .=Klh w¾:l;kh lrñka th ;SrKh jk wdldrh iólrK weiqfrka

bÈßm;a lrhs'


• uyckhd w;r úúOdldrfha uqo,a .Kqfokq isÿúh yels nj'

• tf,i isÿjk .Kqfokqj, § uyckhd w; uqo,a ixirKh jk nj'

• fuf,i lsishï ksYaÑ; wjia:djl § uyckhd w; ixirKh jk uq¨ uqo,a

f;d.h uqo,a iemhqu f,i y÷kajk nj'

• uqo,a iemhqu f;d. ixl,amhla nj'

• nexl= j.lSï jk uQ,H iuia;hkag wh;a jk oE my; mßÈ fldgia l< yels nj'

• mokï uqo,a$ wê n,e;s uqo,a$ ixÑ; uqo,a iemhqu

• mgq uqo,a iemhqu

• mq¿,a uqo,a iemhqu

• mq¿,a uqo,a ixl,amh kej; my; mrsos fldgia l< yels nj'

• M2 mq¿,a uqo,a iemhqu

• M2b taldnoaO mq¿,a uqo,a iemhqu

• M4 jvd;a mq¿,a uqo,a iemhqu

• M5 mq¿,a uqo,a iemhqu

• by; ixl,am my; mßÈ fjka fjka j meyeÈ,s l< yels nj'

• mgq uqo,a iemhqu } uyckhd i;= ldis yd fkdaÜgq + jdKsc nexl= fj;e;s

uyckhd i;= b,a¨ï ;ekam;=

M1 = CP + DDP

- 18 -

• mq¿,a uqo,a iemhqu } mgq uqo,a iemhqu + uyck;dj i;= jdKsc nexl= fj;e;s

ld,Sk yd b;=reï ;ekam;=

M2 = M

1 + TSD

• taldnoaO mq¿,a uqo,a iemhqu } mq¿,a uqo,a iemhqu + wfkajdisl úfoaY jHjydr

uqo,a ;ekam;= + úfoaY jHjydr nexl= tallj, fkajdisl ;ekam;=

M2b = M

2 + TSD

NRFC + RD

FCBU

• jvd;a mq¿,a uqo,a iemhqu } taldnoaO mq¿,a uqo,a iemhqu + n,m;%,dNS úfYaIs;

nexl=j, uyckhd i;= ld,Sk yd b;=reï ;ekam;= + ,shdmÈxÑ l< uQ,H

iud.ïj, fkajdisl ;ekam;=

M4 = M

2b + RD

LSB + RD

FC

M4 = M

1 + wdikak uqo,a

• M5uqo,a iemhqu i|yd we;=<;a lr .kakd wdikak uqo,a my; mßÈ oelaúh yels

nj'

• M5 mq¿,a uqo,a iemhqu } M

4 + úksuh ì,a" jdKsc ì,a wd§ øjYS, uQ,H j;alï

• YS% ,xldfõ mq¿,a uqo,a iemhqu ;SrKh ùu flfrys uy nexl=fõ fYaI m;%h iy

jdKsc nexl= fYaI m;%hla mokï lr .kakd nj'

• mq¿,a uqo,a iemhqu ;SrKh ùu i|yd n,mdk idOlj,g wod< iólrK my;

mßÈ oelaúh yels nj'

M2 / fyda (CP + DDP + TSD) = NFAB + NCG

B + GPS

KB + NOA

B

• by; iólrKfha ol=Kq me;af;a moj,ska oelafjk mq¿,a uqo,a ;SrKh ùu

flfrys n,mdk idOl my; mßÈ fmkaúh yels nj'

NFAB = nexl= l%uh i;= Y=oaO úfoaY j;alï

NCGB = nexl= l%uh u.ska rchg iemfhk Y=oaO Kh

GPSKB

= jdKsc nexl= úiska fm!oa.,sl wxYhg imhk Kh

NOAB = nexl= l%uh i;= wfkl=;a Y=oaO j;alï

• uqo,a iemhqu i|yd n,mdk idOl my; mßÈ oelaúh yels nj

M2b = NFA + NDA + NOA

NFA = taldnoaO nexl= l%ufha Y=oaO úfoaY j;alï

NDA = taldnoaO nexl= l%ufha Y=oaO foaYSh j;alï

NOA = taldnoaO nexl= l%ufha wksl=;a Y=oaO úfoaY j;alï

- 19 -

• by; fmka jQ mßÈ uQ,H iuia;hkaf.a ;Srl l%u follg mÍlaId l< yels nj'

• j;alï yd j.lSï m%fõYh

• wê n,e;s uqo,a m%fõYh

• wê n,e;s uqo,a (mokï uqo,a$ ixÑ; uqo,) hkq uy nexl=fõ iDcq uQ,H j.lSï

nj'

• YS% ,xldfõ uqo,a m%;sm;a;sfha fufyhqï b,lalh mokï uqo,a nj'

• wê n,e;s uqo,a wdldr follg ú.%y l< yels nj'

• j.lSï weiqfrka

• j;alï weiqfrka

• wê n,e;s uqo,a ;SrKh lrk idOl my; mßÈ oelaúh yels nj'

• uy nexl=j rchg ÿka Y=oaO Kh

• uy nexl=fõ Y=oaO úfoaY j;alï

• uy nexl=fõ Y=oaO wfkl=;a j;alï

• uy nexl=j úiska jdKsc nexl=j,g imhk ,o Kh

• Ndú;Sh moku u; wê n,e;s uqo,aj, ixhq;sh my; mßÈ jk nj'

• ixirKfhys mj;akd ldis yd fkdaÜgq

• jdKsc nexl= i;= uy nexl=fõ we;s ;ekam;=

• rdcH ksfhdað; wdh;k i;= uy nexl=fõ we;s ;ekam;=

• uqo,a iemhqu yd wê n,e;s uqo,a w;r wkqmd;h uqo,a .=Klh nj'

• fï wkqj wê n, uqo,a m%udKh yd uqo,a .=Klfha .=Ks;h uqo,a iemhqu nj'

• uqo,a iemhqu" wê n,e;s uqo,a" uqo,a .=Klh w;r iïnkaO;djh my;

iólrKj,ska fmkaúh yels nj'

M = uqo,a f;d.h

MH/K = uqo,a .=Klh

H = wê n,e;s uqo,a

M = K x H uqo,a iemhqu } uqo,a .=Klh x uqo,a moku

M uqo,a iemhquH =

K uqo,a moku }

uqo,a .=Klh

- 20 -

M uqo,a iemhquK =

Huqo,a .=Klh }

uqo,a moku

M1

H

M2

H

M2b

H

M4

H

1+C

C+E+RK =

uqo,a .=Klh }

1 + jHjydr uqo,a yd nexl= ;ekam;= w;r wkqmd;h (C)

C +wê ixÑ; yd nexl= ;ekam;= w;r wkqmd;h (E) +

jHjia:dms; ixÑ; yd nexl= ;ekam;= w;r wkqmd;h (R)

• uqo,a .=Klfha m%fNao my; mßÈ oelaúh yels nj'

• mgq uqo,a .=Klh

• mq¿,a uqo,a .=Klh

• taldnoaO mq¿,a uqo,a .=Klh

• jvd;a mq¿,a uqo,a .=Klh

• uqo,a .=Klh ksr;=rej u tlg jeä w.hla .kakd nj'

• my; i|yka iQ;%h wod< lrf.k uqo,a .=Klh flfrys n,mdk idOl y÷kd

.; yels nj'

• by; iQ;%hg wkqj uqo,a .=Klh flfrys n,mdk idOl my; mßÈ oelaúh yels

nj'

• jHjydr uqo,a f;d.h (C)

• wê ixÑ; wkqmd;h (E)

• jHjia:dms; ixÑ; wkqmd;h (R)

- 21 -

ksmqK;d uÜgu 8'4 ( YS% ,xldfõ uQ,H moaO;sh j¾. lrhs'


bf.kqï M, (

• YS% ,xldfõ uQ,H wdh;k moaO;sh uy nexl= jd¾;djg wkqj j¾. lrhs'

• tla tla uQ,H wdh;k fláfhka meyeÈ,s lrhs'


• YS% ,xldfõ uQ,H wdh;k moaO;sh my; i|yka mßÈ j¾. l< yels nj'

• nexl= wxYh

• YS% ,xld uy nexl=j

• n,m;%,dNS jdKsc nexl=

• n,m;%,dNS úfYaIs; nexl=

• ;ekam;= Ndr .kakd wfkl=;a uQ,H wdh;k

• ,shdmÈxÑ uQ,H iud.ï

• iuQmldr .%dóh nexl=

• iliqrejï yd Khfok iuQmldr ió;s

• wfkl=;a úfYaIs; uQ,H wdh;k

• úfYaIs; l,a nÿ iud.ï

• m%d:ñl fjf<÷ka

• jdKsc nexl=

• fldgia ;e/õldr iud.ï

• tall Ndr

• jHjidhl m%d.aOk iud.ï

• Kh fYa%Ks.; lsÍfï wdh;k

• .súiqï .; b;sß lsÍfï wdh;k

• rlaIK iud.ï

• fiajl w¾:idOl wruqo,

• fiajl Ndrldr wruqo,

• wksl=;a w¾:idOl wruqo,

• rdcH fiajd w¾:idOl wruqo,

• YS% ,xldfõ uQ,H m%;sm;a;sh fufyhùu i|yd msysg jQ iajdëk wdh;kh YS%

,xld uy nexl=j nj'

- 22 -

• YS% ,xld uy nexl=fõ m%Odk ld¾h jkqfha fmd,S wkqmd;slh yd uqo,a iemhqu

yeisrùug uQ,H WmlrK l<ukdlrKh lsÍu nj'

• n,m;%,dNS jdKsc nexl= f,i ie,flkafka cx.u .sKqï ^b,a¨ï ;ekam;=&

mj;ajdf.k hdu iy úfoaY úksuh .Kqfokqj, ksr;jk uQ,H w;rueÈ wdh;k

nj'

^YS% ,xldj ;=< l%shd;aul n,m;%,dNS jdKsc nexl= ms<sn| isiqka iuÕ idlÉPd

lrkak'&

• b;=reï yd ld,Sk ;ekam;= Ndr .ekSu" Kh iemhSu m%uqL fldg f.k ls%hd;aul

jk uQ,H w;rueÈ wdh;k n,m;%,dNS úfYaIs; nexl= f,i ie,flk nj'

• YS% ,xldj ;=< ls%hd;aul n,m;%,dNS úfYaIs; nexl= my; mßÈ úYaf,aIKh l<

yels nj'

• m%dfoaYSh ixj¾Ok nexl=

• cd;sl b;sß lsÍfï nexl=

• È.= ld,Sk Kh fok wdh;k

• ksjdi Kh fok wdh;k

• fm!oa.,sl b;sß lsÍfï yd ixj¾Ok nexl=

• n,m;%,dNS úfYaIs; nexl=j, ld¾hNdrh my; i|yka mßÈ fm<.eiaúh yels

nj'

• b;=reï yd ld,Sk ;ekam;= mj;ajd f.k hdu

• flá ld,Sk yd È.= ld,Sk Kh iemhSu

• Wlia lghq;= lsÍu

• È.= ld,Sk wdfhdack

• ld,Sk ;ekam;= Ndr .ekSu iy l=,S iskaklalr l%uhg Kh iemhSu hk

ld¾hhka m%uqLfldg f.k ls%hd;aul jk uQ,H wdh;k uQ,H ,shdmÈxÑ iud.ï

f,i ie,flk nj'

• iuQmldr .%dóh nexl= iuQmldr iñ;sj, nexl= wxYh jk nj'

• iuQmldr .%dóh nexl= idudðl yd idudðl fkdjk ck;djf.a b;=reï yd

ld,Sk ;ekam;= ,nd f.k idudðlhskag Kh ,nd fok nj'

• iuQmldr .%dóh nexl= iuQmldr mk; hgf;a ,shdmÈxÑ fldg msysgúh hq;= nj'

• iñ;s idudðlhskaf.a ;ekam;= yd idudðl fldgia uqo,a ,nd f.k idudðlhskag

muKla Kh ,nd §ug iuQmldr mk; hgf;a ,shdmÈxÑ lr msysg jQ uQ,H

wdh;k iliqrejï yd Kh .Kqfokq iuQmldr iñ;s nj'

- 23 -

• jdyk" hka;% WmlrK wd§ m%d.aOk j;alï l,a nÿ ysñhd úiska uQ,H wdh;kh&

ñ,g f.k tu j;alï mdúÉÑ lsÍfï lem whs;sh nÿlre fj; iemhSu yd ta

fjkqfjka nÿlref.a udisl jdßl uqo,a wh lsÍfï fhfok uQ,H wdh;k l,a

nÿ iud.ï nj'

• kshñ; ld,iSudj ;=< wod< j;alfï jákdlu nÿlre úiska f.jd ksul, miq

tys iskaklalr ysñldß;ajh nÿ ysñlre jk l,anÿ iud.u úiska nÿlre fj;

mjrd fok nj'

• YS% ,xldj ;=< l,anÿ iud.ï 20la muK ;sfnk w;r tajd jdKsc nexl=j,g"

n,m;%,dNS úfYaIs; nexl=j,g fyda uQ,H iud.ïj,g wh;a nj'

• uy nexl=j ksl=;a lrk NdKavd.dr ì,am;a yd NdKavd.dr ne÷ïlr ish,a,u

ñ,§ f.k kej;;a uyckhd fj; úlsKSu i|yd YS% ,xld uy nexl=j úiska m;a

lr we;s wdh;k wdKavqfõ iq/l==ïm;a ms<sn| m%d:ñl fjf<kaoka nj'

• YS% ,xld uy nexl=j úiska m%d:ñl fjf<÷ka 11 la m;a fldg we;s nj'

• m%drlaIK fiajd" ksl=;= l<ukdlrK fiajd" wdfhdack Wmfoia fiajd" YlH;d

wOHhk ieliSu yd Kh ixúOdkh lsÍu iy m%;s.%yK uQ,H fiajdj wd§

ls%hdldrlïj, ksr; jk wdh;k jKsla nexl= nj'

• jKsla nexl= fiajd iemhSfï § uQ,H w;rueÈlrKfha ksr;jk jdKsc nexl=

m%uqL jk nj'

• iSñ; fmdÿ iud.ïj, jHdmdr fldgia yd Kh yqjudre lsÍfï § úl=Kqïlre

yd .ekqïlre iïnkaO lsÍfï w;rueÈ ld¾hNdrh bgq lrk wdh;k fldgia

;e/õldr iud.ï nj'

• YS% ,xldfõ fldgia fjf<|fmdf<a ;e/õldr iud.ï 15 la muK isák nj'

• fldgia fjf<ofmdf<a fldgia yqjudrej i|yd ;e/õlrejkaf.a w;rueÈlrK

fiajh wksjd¾hfhka fhdod .; hq;= nj'

• úYd, m%d.aOk iuqÉphl fldgia wdfhdaclhska fj; wf,úlr tla /ialr

.kq ,nk wdfhdack wruqo, tall Ndrhla nj'

• tall Ndr wruqo,a wdfhdackfhka ,efnk m%;s,dN tys fldgia ñ,g .;a tall

Ndr ysñhka w;r .súi.;a l%uhlg fnodyßkq ,nk nj'

• YS% ,xldj ;=< tall Ndr 12 la muK mj;sk nj'

• jHdmdßl fiajd iemhSu kj jHdmdßlhskaf.a jHdmdr i|yd m%d.aOk wjYH;d

imqrd,Sug kj jHdmdr wdrïN lsÍug" mj;sk jHdmdr jHdma; lsÍug" jHdmdr

mjrd .ekSug yd ñ, § .ekSug wruqo,a iemhSfï ksr;jk wdh;k jHjidhl

m%d.aOk iud.ï nj'

- 24 -

• Kh fYa%Ks.; lsÍu hkq Khlr fyda uQ,H WmlrK fyda ksl=;a lrkakdf.a

uQ,H Yla;sh ms<sn| we.hSula bÈßm;a lsÍu nj'

• Kh uqo,la ÿkaúg Kh wdmiq wh lr .ekSfï Yla;sh ms<sn| ;lafiarejla

,nd§u Kh fY%aKs.; lsÍfï § isÿjk nj'

• uQ,H WmlrKj, wdfhdackh lrk wdfhdaclhskayg tu WmlrKj, .=Kd;aul

;;a;ajh yd úYajikSh;ajh ksjerÈ j y÷kdf.k wdfhdack f;aÍï lsÍug

úêu;a u. fmkaùula Kh fYa%Ks.; lsÍu u.ska isÿjk nj'

• Kh fYa%Ks.; lsÍfï lS¾;su;a cd;Hka;r wdh;k lSmhla my; oelafjk nj'

• uQãia iud.u

• iagEkav¾â yd m%j¾ia iud.u

• *sÉ f¾áka.aia iud.u

• lsishï rgl wdKavqjl Kh wdmiq f.ùfï yelshdj" iajdëk Kh fYa%Ks.;

lsÍfï wdh;khla u.ska ;lafiare lr .ekSu iaffjÍ Kh fYa%Ks.; lsÍu f,i

y÷kajk nj'

• mqoa.,hska yd hï wdh;k uqyqK fok wjodkï ndr f.k ydkshla we;s jQ

wjia:dj, § tu ydks m%;smQ¾Kh lsÍug bÈßm;a jk wdh;k rlaIK wdh;k

nj'

• rlaIK wdh;k úiska úúO j¾.fha rlaIK Tmamq ksl=;a lr ta i|yd .dia;=

wh lrkq ,nk nj'

• furg ;=< ls%hd;aul jk rlaIK wdh;k rlaIK mk; hgf;a ,shdmÈxÑ úh

hq;= nj'

• YS% ,xldfõ rlaIK wdh;k 15 la muK ls%hd;aul jk nj'

• fiajH yd fiajl hk fomd¾Yjfha odhl;ajfhka fiajlhdg ysñlï ,efnk

mßÈ" lïlre fomd¾;fïka;=fõ wëlaIKh hgf;a YS% ,xld uy nexl=j ;=<

mj;ajdf.k hk wruqo, fiajl wruqo, nj'

• fiajlhd úY%du hk wjia:dfõ § fiajlhd kñka fiajl w¾:idOl wruqof,a

we;s odhl uqo,a yd Bg wod< fmd<S m%;s,dN fiajlhd fj; f.jk nj'

• fiajl w¾:idOl wruqof,a fiajlhd kñka wruqo,a ;ekam;a lsÍu kS;Hdkql+,

wksjd¾h .súi.;a b;sß lsÍula nj'

- 25 -

ksmqK;d uÜgu 8'5 ( nexl= moaO;sh ;=< jdKsc nexl=j, ld¾hNdrh úuihs'


bf.kqï M, (

• jdKsc nexl= w¾: olajhs'

• jdKsc nexl=j, ld¾hhka úia;r lrhs'

• jdKsc nexl=jl j;alï jHqyh úYaf,aIKd;aul j bÈßm;a lrhs'

• jdKsc nexl=jl iqúfYaIS ld¾hhla jk uqo,a ueùu isÿjk wdldrh ixLHd o;a;

weiqfrka ú.%y lrhs'

• jdKsc nexl=jl uqo,a ueùu ;SrKh lrk idOl bÈßm;a lrhs'


• uQ,sl jYfhka ,dN bmhSfï wruqK iys; j uQ,H w;rueÈlrKfha ksr; jk

uQ,H moaO;sh ;=< ls%hd;aul jk b;d m%n, yd m%uqL uQ,H wdh;k úfYaIh jdKsc

nexl= nj'

• jdKsc nexl=j,ska imhk fiajdjka my; mrsos oelaúh yels nj'

• ;ekam;= Ndr .ekSu

• Kh iemhSu

• flá ld,Sk Kh

• È.= ld,Sk Kh

• ksfhdað; fiajd

• fmdÿ Wmfhda.s;d fiajd

• úfoaY nexl= lghq;=j, § iydh ùu

• W.ia fiajd iemhSu

• iq/l=ï fiajd mj;ajdf.k hdu

• úfoaY úksuh .Kqfokqj,g wod< myiqlï iemhSu

• jdKsc nexl=jl fYaI m;%fhys we;=<;a whs;uhka ú.%y lsÍfuka nexl=fõ jHdmdr

lghq;= ms<sn| ukd wjfndaOhla ,nd .; yels nj'

• fYaI m;%fhys jïmi fldgiska fmkajkafka jdKsc nexl=fõ j.lSï ixrplhka

jk w;r ol=Kq mi fldgiska fmkajkafka j;alï ixrplhka nj'

• fYaI m;%fhys j.lSïj, tl;=j j;alïj, tl;=jg iudk úh hq;= nj'

- 26 -

^YS% ,xld uy nexl= jd¾;dj weiqfrka jdKsc nexl= taldnoaO fYaI m;%h ms<sn|

wjfndaOh isiqkag ,nd fokak'&

• jdKsc nexl=jla jHdmdßl lghq;= uQ,sl wruqKq folla uq,a lrf.k bgqlrk w;r

tu wruqKq my; oelafjk nj'

• øjYS,;djh wdrlaId lsÍu

• ,dNodhS;ajh by< kxjd .ekSu

• fuu wruqKq w;r .eàula mj;sk nj'

• jdKsc nexl=jla úiska uy nexl= kshuhkag wkqj ;u ;ekam;= m%udKfhka lsishï

m%;sY;hla uqo,a ixÑ; f,i mj;ajd f.k hd hq;= jk w;r" tu wkqmd;h

jHjia:dms; ixÑ; wkqmd;h kñka y÷kajk nj'

• uy nexl=j fuu wkqmd;h l,ska l,g fjkia lrkq ,nk nj'

• jdKsc nexl= ;=< jHjia:dms; ixÑ; m%udKh blaujd we;s ixÑ; m%udKh

wê ixÑ; f,i yeoskafjk w;r th my; mrsos fiúh yels nj'

wê ixÑ;h } mj;akd uqo,a ixÑ; - jHjia:dms; ixÑ;h

• wê ixÑ;h my; idOl u; ;SrKh jk nj'

• Kh i|yd mj;sk b,a¨u

• øjYS,;dj yd ,dNodhl;ajh w;r jdKsc nexl= f;aÍu

• uy nexl=fõ uQ,H m%;sm;a;s

• ;ekam;= .=Klh hkq" b,a¨ï ;ekam;=jla mokï fldg Kh ueùfï ^;ekam;=

m%idrKfha& jdr .Kk jk w;r jeä jQ ixÑ;h fuka fldmuK .=Khlska b,a ï

;ekam;= jeäfõo hkak nexl= ;ekam;= m%idrK .=Klfhka oelafjk nj'

• ;ekam;= .=Klh jHjia:dms; ixÑ; wkqmd;fha mriamrhg iudk nj'

nexl= ;ekam;= m%idrK .=Klh

ksoiqka (-ksoiqka (-ksoiqka (-ksoiqka (-ksoiqka (- nexl= ;ekam;= .=Klh

• øjYS,;dj wdrlaId lsÍug hdfï § ,dNodhs;ajh wvqjk w;r ,dNodhs;ajh wdrlaId

lsÍug hdfï § øjYS,;djh wvq jk nj'

• by; wruqKq fol w;r .egqula mj;sk neúka wruqKq fol ;=,kh jk wdldrhg

j;alï mj;ajd .; hq;= nj'

r =10% kï ;ekam;= .=Klh

r

1(K) =

1

==r

1

jHjia:dms;ixÑ; wkqmd;h

= =1010

1

100 )(

- 27 -

• jdKsc nexl= úiska ;u wê ixÑ; Khg §u ;=<ska mej;s m%udKh fuka lSm

.=Khl ;ekam;= ìys lsÍu uqo,a ueùu nj'

• taldêldÍ nexl= l%uhla we;s úfgl tla nexl=jla muKla l%shd;aul jk ksid

uqo,a ueùu l< yels jqj;a nexl= moaO;shla mj;sk úg ;ks nexl=jlg uqo,a ueùu

l< fkdyels nj'

• nexl= moaO;shl Kh ueùfï l%shdj,sh i|yd my; i|yka Wml,amk mokï lr

.kakd nj'

• uQ,sl ;ekam;= j l< miq nexl= l%uh ;=<g w¨f;ka uqo,a .,d taula fyda nexl=

l%ufhka msg;g uqo,a .,d hdula fyda isÿ fkdùu'

• ish¨u Kh .eKqïlrejka ;ud ,o Kh uqo, iïmQ¾Kfhka u fjk;a nexl=jl

;ekam;a lrsu'

• lsis÷ nexl=jla wê ixÑ; mj;ajd fkd.ekSu'

• uqo,a ueùu ;SrKh lsÍu i|yd n,mdk idOl lSmhla we;s nj'

• jHjia:dms; ixÑ; wkqmd;h ^r &jeä jk úg ;ekam;= .=Klh wvq jk w;r

jHjia:dms; ixÑ; wkqmd;h ^r & wvqjk úg ;ekam;= .=Klh jeä jk nj'

• ;ekam;= ueùu ms<sn| my; i|yka iSudjka mj;sk nj'

• uyckhd jHjydr uqo,a <Õ ;nd .ekSug jeä wNsreÑhla fmkakqï l< fyd;a

jdKsc nexl=j, wê ixÑ; wvq ùu'

• nexl= wê ixÑ; mj;ajdf.k hdug fm<öfuka ;ekam;= ueùu wvqùu'

• Kh i|yd b,a¨u wvq ùu'

• uy nexl=fõ uQ,H m%;sm;a;s hgf;a Kh m%idrKh ms<sn| mkjkq ,nk iSud

- 28 -

ksmqK;d uÜgu 8'6 ( Y%S ,xldfõ m%Odk uQ,H wdh;kh jk Y%s ,xld uy nexl=fõ

ld¾hNdrh úuihs'

ld,Éfþo ixLHdj ( 05 hs

bf.kqï M, (

• Y%S ,xld uy nexl=j w¾: olajhs'

• Y%S ,xld uy nexl=fõ wruqKq ú.%y lrhs'

• Y%S ,xld uy nexl=fõ ld¾hhka olajñka tu ld¾hhka wruqKq wkqj fm< .iajhs'


• Y%S ,xld w¾Ólfha uQ,H m%;sm;a;sh fufyhùu i|yd msysg jQ iajdëk wdh;kh Y%S

,xld uy nexl=j nj'

• m%;sm;a;s" WmfoaY" lemùu iy úYsIag;ajh ;=<ska ;sridr wd¾Ól j¾Okhla i|yd

wd¾Ól yd ñ, ia:dhS;djh iy uQ,H l%ufha ia:dhS;djh mj;ajd f.k hdu uy

nexl=fõ fufyjr nj'

• my; oelafjk mßÈ uy nexl=fõ wruqKq oaú;ajhka mj;sk nj'

• wd¾Ól yd ñ, ia:dhS;djh mj;ajd f.k hdu

• uQ,H l%ufha ñ, ia:dhS;djh mj;ajd f.k hdu

• wd¾Ól yd ñ, ia:dhs;djh hkafkka woyia lrkafka wvq WoaOuk fõ.hla fj;

<Õd ùu nj'

• ñ, ia:dhs;dj jeo.;a jkafka my; i|yka fya;= u; nj'

• wd¾Ól j¾Okh m%j¾Okh lsÍug

• ld¾hlaIu f,i iïm;a fnod fjka lsÍug

• ksIamdolhska mdßfNda.slhka yd wdfhdaclhskaf.a wjodkï wju lsÍug

• wd¾Ól ie,iqï id¾:l lr .ekSug

• uQ,Hl%ufha ia:dhs;djhska wfmalaId lrkqfha ;ekam;alrejkag yd wdfhdaclhkag

ys;lr jd;djrKhla Wodlr §u i|yd há;, myiqlï jk M,odhS kshduk rduqj

Yla;su;a yd wdrlaIdldÍ f.ùï mshùï lghq;= iïmdokh lsÍu nj'

• uQ,H l%ufha ia:dhs;djh jeo.;a jkafka my; i|yka fya;= i|yd nj'

• uQ,H wdh;k yd uQ,H fjf<|fmd< ld¾hlaIu j ls%hd;aul lsÍug

• f.jqï fYaI w¾nqo je<elaùug

• j;alïj, ñ, ixjr lsÍug

• fjf<|fmd< øjYS,;dj iqrlaIs; lsÍug

• wd¾Ól yd ñ, ia:dhs;dj iy uQ,H m%;sm;a;sfha ia:dhs;dj hk wruqKq fj;

<Õdùug fmd,S wkqmd;slh iy uqo,a iemhqu flfrys n,mEï lsÍug uQ,H WmlrK

yeisrùfï ls%hdj,sh uQ,H m%;sm;a;sh f,i ye¢kaúh yels nj'

• uQ,H m%;sm;a;sh fufyhùfï b,lal my; i|yka f,i oelaúh yels nj'

• fufyhqï b,lalh - wê n,e;s uqo,a m%udKh

• w;rueÈ b,lalh - fmd<sh iy uqo,a iemhqu

• wjidk b,lalh - ñ, uQ,H moaO;sfha ia:dhs;dj

- 29 -

ksmqK;d uÜgu 8'7 ( YS% ,xldfõ uQ,H m%;sm;a;s WmlrKj, Ndú; úuihs'


bf.kqï M, (

• uQ,H m%;sm;a;sh w¾:l;kh lrhs'

• uQ,H m%;sm;a;s WmlrKh w¾:l;kh lrhs'

• m%udKd;aul uQ,H m%;sm;a;s WmlrK kï lrñka tajd ú.%y lrhs'

• .=Kd;aul Kh md,k WmlrK kï lrñka tajd ú.%y lrhs'

• uQ,H m%;sm;a;s iïfma%IK hdka;%Kh úia;r lrhs'


msúiqu (

• jejl fidfrdõjlska isÿ lrk ld¾hh ms<sn| j isiqkaf.a woyia úuikak'


• jejl c, l<ukdlrKfha § fidfrdõj Ndú; l< w;r wjYH m%udKfhka

wjYH ia:dkj,g c,h fnod yeÍu yd md,kh tu.ska isÿ l< nj'

• tf,i u YS% ,xld uy nexl=j o rfÜ uqo,a iemhqu md,kh i|yd úúO WmlrK

Ndú; lrk nj'

• fuf,i uqo,a iemhqu md,kh lsÍu i|yd Ndú; lrk úúO WmlrK uQ,H

m%;sm;a;s WmlrK f,i y÷kajk nj'


fhdojkak'

- 30 -

bf.kqu i|yd fhdað; Wmfoia (

• my; i|yka jkafka uy nexl=j úiska miq.sh j¾Ifha § uQ,H m%;sm;a;s WmlrK

f,i .kq ,enQ ls%hdud¾. lsysmhls' thska Tn lKavdhug ,enqKq ls%hdud¾.h

flfrys wjOdkh fhduq lrkak'

• nexl= fmd,S wkqmd;h 10] isg 14] olajd jeä lssÍu

• rn¾ j.dj i|yd Kh fmd,S wkqmd;slh 12] isg 10] olajd wvq lsÍu

• uy nexl=j újD; fjf<|fmdf<a remsh,a ñ,shk 05 la jákd iq/l=ïm;a úlsKSu

• jdKsc nexl= úiska mj;ajd .; hq;= ixÑ; m%udKh 7] isg 10] olajd jeä lsÍu

• Tng ,eî we;s ls%hdud¾.h fyd¢ka wOHhkh lrkak'

• tu ls%hdud¾.h weiqßka wd¾Ólfha uqo,a iemhqu yd Kh iemhqug isÿjk n,mEu

idlÉPd lrkak'

• Tng wod< wjia:dj yd Kh md,kh w;r mj;sk iïnkaO;dj meyeÈ,s lrkak'

• Tfí wkdjrK iuia; mx;shg ks¾udKYS,S j bÈßm;a lsrSug iQodkï jkak'


• fmd,S wkqmd;slh;a uqo,a iemhqu;a fjkia lsÍu u.ska Kh msßjehg o øjYS,;djhg

o n,mEï lsÍu uQ,H m%;sm;a;sh jYfhka ye¢kafjk nj'

• m%udKd;aul uQ,H WmlrK yd .=Kd;aul uQ,H WmlrK hkqfjka uQ,H m%;sm;a;s

ls%hd;aul lsÍfï m%Odk WmlrK folla mj;sk nj'

• Kh iemhqu wvq lsÍu i|yd fmdÿfõ .kq ,nk ls%hdud¾. m%udKd;aul Kh md,k

WmlrK f,i;a" Kh mßudj iy Kh .,d hk ÈYdj md,kh lsÍu i|yd uy

nexl=j .kakd ls%hdud¾. .=Kd;aul Kh md,k WmlrK f,iskq;a ye¢kafjk nj'

• m%udKd;aul uQ,H WmlrK" nexl= fmd,S wkqmd;slh" jHjia:dms; ixÑ;

wkqmd;slh iy újg fjf<|fmd< lghq;= jYfhka m%Odk wdldr ;=kla jk nj'

• m%;sm;a;s fmd,S wkqmd;sl f,i

• nexl= fmd,S wkqmd;slh

• m%;s ñ,§ .ekqï wkqmd;slh

• m%;s úl=Kqï wkqmd;slh oelaúh yels nj'

• fï w;ßka m%;s ñ,§ .ekqï wkqmd;slh iy m%;s úl=Kqï wkqmd;slh úúg

fjf<|fmd< lghq;= i|yd fhdod .kakd nj

• .=Kd;aul Kh md,k WmlrK o úúO iajrEmfhka mj;sk nj'

• Kh iSud kshu lsÍu

• Kh i|yd wem iq/l=ï kshu lsÍu

• j¾Kd;aul fmd,S wkqmd;sl kshu lsÍu

- 31 -

• fï tlsfklla ksid uQ,H m%idrKhg yd Kh iemhqug we;sjk n,mEu meyeÈ,s

l< yels nj'

• uQ,H m%;sm;a;s iïfm%AIK hdka;%Kh

• fmd,S wkqmd;sl

• j;alï ñ,

• Kh iemhqu

• úksuh wkqmd;slh

• jHdmdßl yd l=gqïN wfmaCId

uQ,H m%;sm;a;s WmlrKuQ,H m%;sm;a;s WmlrKuQ,H m%;sm;a;s WmlrKuQ,H m%;sm;a;s WmlrKuQ,H m%;sm;a;s WmlrK

m%udKd;aul uQ,H

WmlrK

.=Kd;aul Kh md,k

WmlrK

nexl= fmd,S

wkqmd;slh

jHjia:dms;

ixÑ;

wkqmd;slh

újg

fjf<|fmd<

lghq;=

m%;s ñ<§

.eKqï

wkqmd;slh

m%;s úl=Kqï

wkqmd;h

Kh iSud

kshu lsÍu

Kh i|yd

wem iq/l=ï

kshu lsÍu

j¾Kd;aul

fmd,S

wkqmd;

kshu lsÍu

hy fm<Uqï

• hy fm<Uqï

• uqo,a iemhqfï fjkiaùula iuia; úhou yd iu;=,s; ksujqu fjkiaùu olajd

.uka lrk wdldrh uQ,H iïfma%IK hdka;%Kh hkqfjka ye¢kafjk nj'

• ta ;=<ska iuia; úhoug yd iu;=<s; ksujqug jk n,mEu meyeÈ,s l< yels nj'

- 32 -

ksmqK;d uÜgu 8'8 ( Y%S ,xldfõ uQ,H fjf<|fmd< úYaf,aIKh lrhs'


bf.kqï M, (

• uQ,H m%;sm;a;sh w¾: olajhs'

• uQ,H fjf<|fmd< j¾. lr olajhs'

• uqo,a fjf<|fmd< w¾: olajñka tys l%shd;aul jk Wm fjf<| fmd<j,a meyeÈ,s

lrhs'

• m%d.aOk fjf<|fmd< w¾: olajñka m%d.aOk fjf<|fmdf<a .Kqfokq lrk wdh;k

meyeÈ,s lrhs'

• uqo,a fjf<|fmd< yd m%d.aOk fjf<|fmd< w;r mj;ska fjkialï ii|hs'


• uQ,H j;alïj, yqjudrej i|yd wjYH myiqlï imhk wdh;k fyda jevms<sfj<

uQ,H fjf<|fmd< kñka y÷kajk nj'

• uQ,H fj<|fmd<" uqo,a fjf<|fmd< iy m%d.aOk fjf<|fmd< jYfhka m%Odk

j¾. follska iukaú; jk nj'

• Kh WmlrKj, øjYS,;djh yd mßK;ùfï ld,h uqo,a iy m%d.aOk fj<|fmd<

fjkalr.kakd ks¾Kdhl nj

• uqo,a yd flá ld,Sk uQ,H WmlrK .Kqfokq jk fjf<ofmd< uqo,a fjf<|fmd<

nj'

• fláld<sk Kh b,a¨ïlrejka yd iemhqïlrejka iïnkaO lsÍu tys m%Odk

ld¾hh nj'

• flá ld,Sk uQ,H WmlrK hkq idudkHfhka j¾Ihlg wvq mßK; ld,hla

iys; ì,am;a yd iqrel=ïm;a wdÈh nj'

• uqo,a fjf<|fmdf<a .Kqfokq jk WmlrK f,i talaIK Kh" NdKavd.dr ì,am;a"

iq/l=ïm;a" foaYsh yd úfoaYsh úksuh ì,am;a iy jdksc m;s%ld m%;sñ<§ .ekqï

.súiqï hkdÈh oelaúh yels nj'

• uqo,a fjf<|fmdf<a mj;sk Wm fjf<|fmd< my; ioyka jk nj'

• wka;¾ nexl= talaIK Kh fjf<|fmd<

• m%d:ñl yd oaú;Sl NdKavd.dr ì,am;a fjf<|fmd<

• foaYsh yd úfoaYsh úksuh fjf<|fmd<

• iSñ; tf;r nexl= fjf<|fmd<

- 33 -

• flá ld,Sk Kh fjf<|fmd<

• jdksc m;%sld fjf<|fmd<

• m%;s ñ<§ .ekqï .súiqï fjf<|fmd<

• jHdmdr wdh;kj,g yd rchg wjYH uOH yd È.=ld<sk wruqo,a imhkafka

m%d.aOk fjf<|fmdf<ka nj'

• m%d.aOk fjf<|fmd< my; i|yka wdh;kj,ska iukaú; jk nj'

• fld<U fldgia yqjudrej'

• n,m;%,dNs úfYaIs; nexl='

• jKsla nexl='

• l,anÿ iud.ï'

• uQ,H iud.ï'

• tall Ndr'

• b;=reï wdh;k'

• j¾Ihlg jvd jeä l,a msfrk Kh ,shú,s fuu fjf<| fmdf<a wf,ú flfrk

nj'

• m%d.aOk fjf<|fmd< yqjudrejk m%Odk WmlrK my; ioyka nj'

• Kh

• idudkH fldgia

• ms<sKm;a

• m%d.aOk fjf<|fmdf<a Wm fjf<|fmd<j,a my; ioyka nj'

• fldgia fjf<|fmd<

• ms<sK m;a fjf<|fmd<

• jdksc nexl= È.= ld<sk Kh fjf<|fmd<

• nexl= fkdjk uQ,H wdh;kj, È.= ld<sk Kh fjf<|fmd<

- 34 -

ksmqK;dj 9 ( id¾j wd¾Ól wruqKq <Õd lr .ekSfuys,d rch ueÈy;ajk

wdldrh úu¾Ykh lrhs'

ksmqK;d uÜgu 9'1 ( fjf<|fmd< l%uh wiu;a ùug fya;= ;d¾lslj bÈßm;a lrhs'


bf.kqï M, (

• fjf<|fmd< l%uh wiu;a ùu w¾: olajhs'

• fjf<|fmd< l%uh wiu;a ùug n,mdk fya;= ú.%y lrhs'

• fjf<|fmd< l%uh wiu;a ùug n,mdk fya;= fjf<|fmd< l%uh wid¾:l ùug

n,mdk whqre ú.%y lrhs'


• fjf<|fmd< l%uh wiu;a ùu hkqfjka woyia lrkafka iudcfha hym; Wfoid

ysÕ iïm;a fnod yeÍfï ,d fjf<|fmd< hdka;%Kh wfmdfydi;a ùu nj'

• iajd¾:h u; lrkq ,nk f;aÍï iudcfha hym;g iEuúgu odhl fkdjk nj'

• fuysoS iïm;a wld¾hlaIuj f,i fn§hdula is¥jk nj

• fjf<ofmd< wiu;a ùug my; i|yka fya;= n,mdk nj'

• ndysr;d

• wmQ¾K ;rÕh

• f;dr;+re wmQ¾K;ajh

• fmdÿ NdKav fkdiemhSu

• w¾O fmdÿ NdKav m%Yia;j fkd iemhSu

• iqNidOk NdKav m%Yia;j fkd iemhSu

• ksIamdokh ksid;a mßfNdackh ksid;a thg iDcq iïnkaOhla ke;s úúO md¾Yj

j,g we;s jk jkaÈ mQ¾Kh fkdl< hym;a yd whym;a n,mEï ndysr;d jk

w;r tjd ie,ls,a,g fkd.eksu ksid fjf<|fmd< l%uh wiu;a ùu isÿjk nj'

• fjf<|fmd< l%ufha § ;r.ldß;ajh ys,syS f.dia taldêldÍ ;;a;ajhla we;sùu

wmQ¾K ;r.h f,i yeoskafjk nj'

• fjf<|fmd< l%uh wiu;a ùu flfrys wmQ¾K ;r.h my; mrsos n,mdk nj'

• iïm;a wld¾hlaIu j fn§hdu

• ksIamdokh iudc m%Yia; ksIamdokhg jvd wvq ùu'

• NdKavfha ñ, ;r.ldÍ ;;a;ajhl § mj;sk ñ,g jvd jeä ùu'

- 35 -

• tla mqoa.,fhl+f.a mßfNdackh fjk;a mqoa.,fhl+f.a mßfNdackh iSud lsÍug

fya;+fkdjk" mßfNdackfhaoS ;r.ldß;ajhla fkdue;s iy ñ,la fkdf.jkakka

mßfNdackfhka neyerl, fkdyels NdKav yd fiajd fmdÿ NdKav nj'

ksoiqka ((((( úÓ wdf,dalh" m%§md.dr" T¾f,daiq lKq" cd;sl wdrlaIdj

• fmdÿ NdKav j,ska ñ,la whlr .; fkdyels ksid;a" ,dNhla ,eìh fkdyels

ksid;a fjf<|fmd< l%ufhka fmdÿ NdKav iemhSu isÿ fkdjk nj'

• fjf<|fmd< l%ufha § fmdÿ NdKav fkdiemhSu ksid fmdÿ NdKav iemhSug

rchg ueÈy;a ùug isÿjk nj'

• mßfNdackfhaoS ;r.ldß;ajhla fkdue;s kuq;a ñ,la fkdf.jkakka mßfNdackfhka

neyer l< yels NdKav yd fiajd w¾O fmdÿ NdKav nj'

ksoiqka ((((( wêfõ.S uydud¾." Wux ud¾.

• fjf<|fmd< l%ufha § w¾O fmdÿ NdKav m%Yia; j iemhSu isÿ fkdjk ksid

rchg ueÈy;a ù w¾O fmdÿ NdKav m%Yia;j iemhSug lghq;+ lÍug isÿjk nj'

• mßfNdackfha oS fm!oa.,sl m%;s,dN blaujd iudc m%;s,dN ,efnk NdKav yd

fiajd iqNidOk NdKav nj'

ksoiqka ((((( wOHdmkh" fi!LH fiajd" ikSmdrlaIl fiajd

• fjf<|fmd< l%ufha § w¾O fmdÿ NdKav m%Yia; j iemhSu isÿ fkdjk ksid

W!k mßfNdackhla isÿjk nj'

• fï ksid iqN idOk NdKav mdßfNdackhg mdßfNda.slhd fm<Uùu i|yd

rchg ueÈy;a ùug isÿjk nj'

• mßfNdackfhaoS fm!oa.,sl m%;s,dN j,g jvd wvq iudP m%;s,dN ,efnk NdKav

yd fiajd iudchg wys;lr NdKav ^wj.=K NdKav& nj'

• fjf<|fmd< l%ufha § iudchg wys;lr NdKav ^wj.=K NdKav& iemhSfïoS

iudchSh jYfhka m%Yia; uÜgug jvd jeä ksIamdokhla isÿjk nj'

• fï ksid iudchg wys;lr NdKav wj.=K NdKav& ksIamdokh fyda mdßfNdackh

iSud lsÍu i|yd rchg ueÈy;a ùug isÿjk nj

• fjf<|fmd< l%ufha § mdßfNda.slhdg yd ksIAmdolhdg ;SrK .ekSug wjYH

lrk f;dr;+re ld¾hlaIu j fkd,eîu f;dr;+re wmQ¾K;ajh nj'

• fjf<ofmd< wiu;aùï jev meje;aùu i|yd rPhlg úúO l%shd ud¾. .;yels

nj'

- 36 -

ksmqK;d uÜgu 9'2 ( fjf<|fmd< l%uh wid¾:lùu flfrys ndysr;dj, n,mEu

mÍlaId lrhs


bf.kqï M, (

• ndysr;d ks¾jpkh lrhs'

• Ok ndysr;d yd iDK ndysr;d w;r fjki ksoiqka iys;j meyeÈ,s lrhs'

• ksIamdokfha§ yd mßfNdackfha § we;sjk Ok yd iDK ndysr;dj,g ksoiqka

bÈßm;a lrhs'

• mdßfNdackfha§ yd ksIamdokfha § we;sjk ndysr;d m%ia;dr igyka weiqfrka

meyeÈ,s lrhs'

• ndysr;d fya;= fldgf.k fjf<ofmd< l%uh wid¾:l jk wdldrh meyeÈ,s

lrhs'

• ndysr;d fya;=fjka yg.kakd fjf<ofmd< wid¾:l ùï j<lajd,Su i|yd fhdackd

bÈßm;a lrhs'


msúiqu (

• úYd, lrk ,o ndysr;d oelafjk mska;=r folla mka;shg m%o¾Ykh lrkak'

ksoiqka (- l¾udka;Yd,djla iy ;eô,s fldaïnj, c,h msÍ mej;Sula

• mska;=rj, wvx.= oE j,ska iudchg isÿjk hym;a iy whym;a m%;sM, ms<sn|

isiqkaf.a woyia úuikak'

• my; lreKq u;= lrñka idlÉPdjla fufyhjkak'

• mska;=rj, wvx.= oE j,ska iudchg hym;a iy whym;a m%;sM, w;ajk nj

ksoiqka (-

• l¾udka;Yd,dj ksid kjd;eka myiqlï j, ñ, by, hdu

• ;eô,s fldaïnj, c,h msßu ksid fvx.= iy nrjd jeks jix.; we;s ùu

• ta fjkqfjka iudchg jkaÈhla ,eîu fyda iudch úiska úhoula oeÍu fyda

isÿ fkdjk nj'

• fï wdldrhg lsishï wd¾Ól lghq;a;la ksid Bg iïnkaO fkdjk ndysr

md¾Yajhlg w;ajk jkaÈ úp,kh fkdlrk ,o jdis fyda wjdis ndysr;d

f,i yÿkajk nj'

• ksIamdokfha § fukau mßfNdckfha § o ndysr;d yg.kakd nj'

• isiqka iqÿiq mßÈ lKavdhï lr bf.kqu i|yd fhdað; Wmfoia ,nd §

l%shdldrlfu ys fhdojkak'

- 37 -


• my; i|yka ud;Dld w;=frka Tng ,eî we;s ud;Dldj flfrys wjOdkh fhduq

lrkak'

• ksIamdokfha ndysr;d

• mdßfNdackfha ndysr;d

• Tng ,eî we;s ud;Dldj wjfndaO lr .ekSu i|yd lKavdhï idlÉPdjla

fufyhjkak'

• ud;Dldj,g wod<j Tng ,eî we;s w;aoelSï idlÉPd lr f;dr;=re /ialr .kak

• Tn /ialr .;a f;dr;=re weiqfrka ndysr;d ,ehsia;= .; lr tu ndysr;d ys;lr

yd wys;lr ndysr;d f,i fjka fldg olajkak'

• ndysr;d we;sùug fya;= yd tajdfha m%;sM, y÷kd.kak'

• tu ndysr;d j<lajd .ekSfus jeo.;alu yd tajd j<lajd .kakd wdldrh ms<sno

Tfí woyia bÈßm;a lrkak'

• Tfí wkdjrK iuia; mx;shg ks¾udKYs,s j bÈßm;a lsÍug iqodkï jkak'


• ndysr;d hkq lsishï wd¾Ól lghq;a;la ksid Bg iïnkaO fkdjk ndysr md¾Yjhkag

isÿ jk jkaÈ fkdf.jk ,o jdis fyda wjdis nj'

• ksIamdok fukau md¾fNdackfhka o ndysr;d mek k.sk nj'

• ksIamdok lghq;a;la ksid ndysr md¾Yjhkag we;sjk jdis fyda wjdis ksIamdokfha

ndysr;d nj'

• mßfNdack lghq;a;la ksid ndysr md¾Yjhkag we;sjk jdis fyda wjdis mdßfNdackfha

ndysr;d nj'

• ndysr md¾Yjhkag we;sjk jdis iy.; ;;a;aj Ok ndysr;d f,i;a wjdis iy.;

;;a;aj iDK ndysr;d f,i;a ie,flk nj'

• ksIamdokfha Ok ndysr;d j,g ksoiqka my; mrsos oelaúh yels nj'

• kj ;dlaIKh i|yd fhduq jQ m¾fhaIK

• w,xldr Whka j;=

- 38 -

• ksIamdokfha iDK ndysr;dj,g ksoiqka my; mßÈ oelaúh yels nj'

• fmdis, bkaOk oykh lrk ksIamdok l%shd

• jdhqf.da,fha ´fidaka ia:rhg ydks fok ksIamdok lghq;=

• mßfNdackfha Ok ndysr;dj,g ksoiqka my; mßos oelaúh yels nj'

• frda. j<lajk tkak;a

• wOHdmksl rEmjdysks jevigyka

• mßfNdackfha iDK ndysr;dj,g ksoiqka my; mßos oelaúh yels nj'

• wmøjH tla/iaùu

• fudag¾r: j,ska ÿï msgùu

• iDK ndysr;d ksid ndysr msßjeh;a Ok ndysr;d ksid ndysr m%;s,dN;a yg.kakd

nj'

• ndysr msßjeh yd ndysr m%;s,dN mokï lrf.k iudc mssßjeh yd iudc m%;s,dN

yg.kakd nj'

fm!oa.,sl msßjeh + ndysr msßjeh } iudc msßjeh

fm!oa.,sl m%;s,dN + ndysr m%;s,dN } iudc m%;s,dN

• fjf<ofmd< l%ufha § ie<ls,a,g .efkkafka fm!oa.,sl msßjeh yd fm!oa.,sl

m%;s,dN muKla nj'

• ndysr;d ie<ls,a,g fkd.kakd ksid fjf<ofmd< l%ufha ksIamdok yd mßfNdack

;SrK m%Yia; fkdjk nj'

• fuh my; i|yka m%ia;dr igyka weiqfrka meyeos,s l< yels nj'

- 39 -

fuu m%ia;dr igyfka

MSC = wdka;sl iudc msßjeh

MSB = wdka;sl iudc m%;s,dN

MPB = wdka;sl fm!oa.,sl m%;s,dN f,i oelafjk nj'

• by; m%ia;dr igykg wkqj fjf<|fmd< m%Yia; iu;+,s;h jkafka wdka;sl

iudc msßjeh (MSC) wdka;sl fm!oa.,sl m%;s,dN (MPB) j,g iudk jk A

,lAIh jk w;r Q0iu;+,s; ksujqu m%Yia; ksujqu nj'

• iudc oDIAáfldKfhkaa m%Yia; iu;+,s;h jkafka wdka;sl iudc msßjeh (MSC)

wdka;sl iudc m%;s,dN (MSB) j,g iudk jk B ,lAIh jk w;r Q1iu;+,s;

ksujqu m%Yia; ksujqu nj'

• mßfNdackfha Ok ndysr;djla mj;sk wjia:djl iudc oDIAáfldaKfhkaa m%Yia;

mßfNdackh fjf<|fmd< m%Yia; mßfNdackh blaujk nj'

fuu m%ia;dr igyfka

MC = wdka;sl msßjeh

MSC = wdka;sl iudc msßjeh

MSB = wdka;sl iudc m%;s,dN f,i oelafjk nj

- 40 -

• by; m%ia;dr igykg wkqj fjf<|fmd< m%Yia; ksIamdokh jkafka wdka;sl

msßjeh (MC) wdka;sl iudc m%;s,dN (MSB) j,g iudk jk A ,lAIh jk

w;r Q0iu;+,s; ksujqu m%Yia; ksujqu nj'

• iudc oDIAáfldKfhkaa m%Yia; ksIamdokh jkafka wdka;sl iudc msßjeh(MSC)

wdka;sl iudc m%;s,dN (MSB) j,g iudk jk B ,lAIh jk w;r Q1iu;+,s;

ksujqu m%Yia; ksujqu nj'

• ta wkqj ksIamdokfha Ok ndysr;djla mj;sk wjia:djl fjf<|fmd< m%Yia;

ksIamdokhg jvd iudc oDIAáfldKh wkqj m%Yia; ksIamdokh jeä nj'

• fï wkqj fjf<|fmd< l%ufha wid¾:l;ajhg ndysr;d fya;=fõ hkak meyeos,s

jk nj'

• ndysr;d ksid we;sjk wid¾:l ùï j<lajd,Sug my; i|yka l%shdud¾. .; yels

nj'

• jkaÈ f.ùu

• wNHka;r .; lsÍu

• i,dlkh lsÍu

• n,m;% .dia;= wh lsÍu

• ov .eiSu

• kS;s mekùu

• ndysr;d j<lajd .ekSu i|yd wdh;k úiska úúO l%shd ud¾. f.k we;s nj'

ksoiqka (-

• ydks mQ¾Kh lsÍug ,dNfhka fldgila fjka lsÍu

• Yío ¥IKh j<lajd .ekSug l¾udka;Yd,d ;=< kùk WmlrK iúlr ;eîu'

• wmøjH m%;spl%SlrKh lsÍu'

- 41 -

ksmqK;d uÜgu 9'3 ( fjf<|fmd< wd¾Ólhl rdcH ld¾hNdrh úuihs'


bf.kqï M, (

• fjf<|fmd< wd¾Ólhl rcfha ld¾hNdrh y÷kajhs'

• tajd w¾:l;kh lrhs

• tu ld¾hhka fjf<|fmd< ld¾hlaIu;dj we;s ùug n,mdk wdldrh fmkajd

fohs'

• fjf<|fmd< w¾Ólhl rcfha ld¾hNdrh bgq lsÍug .kq ,nk l%shd ud¾. ksoiqka

iys;j ú.%y lrhs'

• fjf<|fmd< wd¾Ólhl rcfha ld¾hNdrh bgqlsÍug .kq ,nk l%shdud¾.j,

wd¾Ól m%;súmdl úia;r lrhs'

• fjf<|fmd< wd¾Ólhl rcfha ld¾hNdrh bgq lsÍug hdfï § rdcHh wid¾:lùu

úia;r lrhs'


• fjf<|fmd< wd¾Ólhl rcfha ld¾hNdrh my; mßÈ oelaúh yels nj'

• iïm;a ld¾hlaIuj fnod yeÍu

• wdodhu yd Okh idOdrKj fnod yeÍu

• kS;sÍ;s iïmdokh yd hymd,kh

• id¾j wd¾Ól ia:dhSlrKh we;s lsÍu

• wd¾Ól j¾Okh iy ;sridr ixj¾Okh we;s lsÍu

• há;, myiqlï iemhSu

• fjf<|fmd< hdka;%Kh ld¾hlaIu lsÍug wjYH lrk ffk;sl moku yd

iudchSh mßirh iïmdokh lsÍu i|yd rch lghq;= lrk nj'

• fjf<|fmd< wd¾Ólhl olakg ,efnk wld¾hlaIu;djka bj;a lsrSu i|yd

rchla my; mßÈ l%shd;aul jk nj'

• fmdÿ NdKav yd Y=N idOk NdKav iïmdokh

• wmq¾K ;r.h je<laùu

• mßir ÿIKh jeks ndysr;d ms<sn| wjOdkh fhduq lsÍu

• fmdÿ iïm;a ms<sn| ysñldß;ajh ;yjqre lsÍu

- 42 -

• idOdrK;ajh ia:dms; lsÍu i|yd rch my; oelafjk l%shdud¾. .kakd nj'

• wdodhï yd Ok m%;sjHdma;sh we;s lsÍu

• Ok iuqÉph ms<sn| iSud

• bvï m%;sixialrK

• id¾j wd¾Ól ia:dhs;dj mj;ajd .ekSu i|yd WoaOukh yd fiajd úhqla;sh jeks

;;a;ajhka bj;a lsÍug rdcH uQ,H yd uQ,H m%;sm;a;sh fhdod .kakd nj'

• wd¾Ól j¾Okh yd ixj¾Okh by< kexùu i|yd rch lghq;= lrk nj'

• há;, myiqlï m%j¾Okh lsÍu ioyd my; mßÈ rch lghq;= lrk nj'

• fN!;sl há;, myiqlï iemhSu

ksoiqka (- uyd ud¾." wêfõ.S ud¾." md,ï" .=jka f;dgqm," f.dvke.s,s

• wdh;ksl há;, myiqlï iemhSu

ksoiqka (-kS;s moaO;s" Widú" kshduk wdh;k

• fjf<|fmd< wd¾Ólhlg rch ueosy;a ùfïoS rdcH wxYhg wdfõksl jQ we;eï

ÿ¾j,;d fya;=fldg wfmalaIs; m%;sM, ,nd fkd§ wd¾Ólfha wld¾hlaIu;d j¾Okh

ùu rdcH wiu;a ùu f,i y÷kajk nj'

• fjf<|fmd< wiu;aùu uev mj;ajd .ekSug rch úiska wd¾Ólh ;=< lrkq

,nk ueÈy;aùï rdcH wiu;a ùu i|yd n,mdkq ,nk nj'

- 43 -

ksmqK;d uÜgu 9'4 ( id¾j wd¾Ól wruqKq <Õd lr .ekSug rdcH uQ,H m%;sm;alsh

fhdod .kakd wdldrh úuihs'


bf.kqï M, (

• rdcH uQ,H m%;sm;a;sh w¾: olajhs'

' • rdcH uQ,H m%;sm;a;s WmlrK kï lrñka meyeÈ,s lrhs'

• úúO id¾j wd¾Ól wruqKq bgq lr.ekSug rdcH uQ,H m%;sm;a;sh fhdod .kakd

wdldrh ksoiqka iys;j ú.%y lrhs'

• id¾j wd¾Ól wruqKq bgq lr .ekSfï § u;=jk .eg¿ meyeÈ,s lrhs'

• id¾j wd¾Ól wruqKq bgq lr.ekSfï § u;=jk .eg¿ wju lr .ekSu fhdackd

bÈßm;a lrhs'


• id¾j wd¾Ól l%shdldß;ajh ;=<ska wd¾Ólhla bgq lr .ekSug n,dfmdfrd;a;= jk

wruqKq id¾j wd¾Ól wruqKq nj'

• iEu wd¾Ólhlau fmdÿfõ bgq lr .ekSug n,dfmdfrd;a;= jk id¾j wd¾Ól

wruqKq lsysmhla mj;sk w;r tajd my; oelafjk nj'

• mQ¾K fiajd kshqla;sh

• wd¾Ól jDoaêh fõ.j;a lr .eksu

• ñ, ia:dhs;djh

• f.jqï fYaI iu;=,s;;dj

• ;sridr ixj¾Okh

• wd¾Ólfha l%shdldß;ajh u; id¾j wd¾Ól wruqKqj, bgqùu r|d mj;sk nj'

• id¾j wd¾Ósl Ñp,Hhka ys uÜgu yd ld,h wkqj tajd fjkia jk wdldrh u;

wd¾Ólhl l%shdldß;ajh ;SrKh jk nj'

• m%Odk id¾j wd¾Ól úp,Hhka .Kkdjla wd¾Ólhla ;=< mj;sk nj'

ksoiqka (- ksIamdokh" fiajd kshqla;sh" ñ, uÜgu" mßfNdackh

• id¾j wd¾Ól úp,Hhka ys uÜgu;a" th ld,h;a iuÕ fjkia jk wdldrh;a

;SrKh jkafka wNHka;r yd ndysr idOl u; nj'

• id¾j wd¾Ól úp,Hhka hym;a whqßka fjkia fkdjk úg wd¾Ól l%shdldrs;ajh

whym;a jk nj'

- 44 -

• wd¾Ólhl iuia; l%shdldÍ;ajh ;=<ska we;s jk m%Yak id¾j wd¾Ól m%Yak jk

nj'

ksoiqka (- fiajd úhq;alsh" WoaOukh by< hdu" úksuh wkqmd;slh msßySu

• id¾j wd¾Ól úp,Hhka wfmalaIs; uÜgug f.k tafuka fuu m%Yakj,g úi÷ï

,nd .; yels nj'

• wd¾Ólhl id¾j wd¾Ól wruqKq lrd <Õdùu i|yd wd¾Ólhla fufyhùu id¾j

wd¾Ól l<uKdlrKh f,i ye¢kafjk nj'

• id¾j wd¾Ól l<uKdlrKfha oS .kq ,nk l%shd ud¾. id¾j wd¾Ól m%;sm;a;s

f,i y÷kajk nj'

ksoiqka (- uQ,H m%;sm;a;sh" rdcH uQ,H m%;sm;a;sh" úfoaY fjf<| m%;sm;a;sh

• rdcH wdodhu o rdcH úhou o yeisrùu u.ska id¾j wd¾Ól úp,Hhkag n,mEï

lsÍu rdcH uQ,H m%;sm;a;sh ^*sial,a m%;sm;a;sh" whjeh m%;sm;a;s& nj'

• rdcH nÿ" rdcH úhoï iy rdcH Kh rdcH uQ,H m%;sm;a;s l%shd;aul lsÍfï m%Odk

WmlrK nj'

• rdcH uQ,H m%;sm;a;s uÕska iudydr b,a ug n,mEï flfrk neúka uQ,H m%;sm;a;sh

fiau rdcH uQ,H m%;sm;a;sh o b,a¨ï l<uKdlrK m%;sm;a;shla f,i ye¢kafjk

nj'

• rdcH uQ,H m%;sm;a;s WmlrK fhdod .ksñka id¾j wd¾Ól wruqKq bgq lr .ekSug

hdfï § wruqKq w;r .eàula u;= jk nj'

ksoiqka (-

• mQ¾K fiajd kshqla;sh w;a lr .ekSug m%idrKd;aul ud¾.j,ska .kq ,nk

rdcH Kh m%udKh jeä lsÍug mshjr .;af;a kï jegqma by< hdu fya;=fjka

WoaOukh we;s ùu yd ta wkqj ñ, ia:dhs;d wruqKq bgq lr .ekSu ÿIalr jSu

• nÿ iyk wdÈh ,nd §u ;=<ska wd¾Ól jDoaêh fõ.j;a lr .ekSug W;aidy

.ekSfï § tu wruqKq bgq jqj o ;sridr ixj¾Okhg whym;a n,mEï we;s jSu

• rdcH uQ,H m%;sm;a;sh fhdod .ksñka id¾j wd¾Ól wruqKq ish,a, bgq lr .ekSu

ÿIalr jkafka tlS wruqKq w;r .eàula isÿ jk ksid nj'

• fuu .eg¿ wju jk wdldrhg rdcH uQ,H m%;sm;a;sh l%shd;aul lsÍu flfrys

wjOdkh fhduq l< hq;= nj'

- 45 -

ksmqK;d uÜgu 9'5 ( rdcH wdodhfï m%Odk uQ,dY%hla f,i nÿ l%uh úuihs'


bf.kqï M, (

• rdcH wdodhfï m%Odk uQ,dY% kïlr meyeÈ,s lrhs'

• rdcH nÿ wdodhfuys iy nÿ fkdjk wdodhfï ixhq;sh bÈßm;a lrhs'

• nÿ uQ,O¾u kï lrñka tajd meyeÈ,s lrhs'

• úúO iajrEmhka hgf;a nÿ j¾.lr olajhs'

• nÿ l%uhlska wd¾Ólhg we;sjk ys;lr yd wys;lr n,mEï bÈßm;a lrhs'

• Y%s ,xldfõ rdcH wdodhfï jHqyh bÈßm;a lrhs'

• Y%s ,xldfõ rdcH wdodhfï Wmk;s mÍlaId lrhs'


• rdcHh wdodhï ,nd .kakd m%Odk uQ,dY% folla mj;sk nj'

• nÿ wdohu

• nÿ fkdjk wdodhu

• nÿ wh lsÍfï úúO uQ,O¾u mj;sk nj'

• wjidk jYfhka nÿ nr oeÍu nÿ wdmd;h nj'

• nÿ wdmd;h u; iDcq nÿ yd jl% nÿ jYfhka kej; nÿ fldgia follg fnod

fjkal< yels nj'

• iDcq nÿj,§ noaog yiqjk mqoa.,hd fyda wdh;k úiska u nÿ f.ùu isÿjk w;r

th wdodhu" Okh fyda foafmd< u; r|d mj;sk nj'

ksoiqka (- wodhï nÿ" uqoaor nÿ

• nÿ f.jkakd u; u nÿ nr fkdmegfjk ú;eka l<yels nÿ jl% nÿ nj'

ksoiqka (-NdKav yd fiajd u; mkjk nÿ" msrsjEgQuS nÿ

• nÿ whlsÍfï wkqmd; wkqj wdldr ;=klg nÿ j¾. l< yels nj'

• iudkqmd;sl nÿ

• wkql%ñl nÿ

• m%;sl%ñl nÿ

• Y%s ,xldfõ rdcH wdodhfï ixhq;sh iy Wmk;ska nexl= jd¾;dj weiqßka mÍlaId

l< yels nj'(rdcH wdodhfï ixhq;sh iy Wmk;ska ms<sno ld,Sk f;dr;+re nexl= jd¾;djweiqßka isiqka iu. idlÉPd lrkAk)

- 46 -

ksmqK;d uÜgu 9'6 ( rdcH úhoï ixhq;sh wOHhkfhka uE; ld,Sk fjkialï

wkdjrKh lrhs'


bf.kqï M, (

• rdcH úhoï w¾: olajhs'

• wd¾Ól j¾.SlrKhg wkqj rdcHh úhoï j¾.lr tajd ksoiqka iys; j meyeÈ,s

lrhs'

• ld¾h noaO j¾.SlrKhg wkqj rdcH úhoï j¾.lr meyeÈ,s lrhs'

• Wmk;Ska bÈßm;a lrhs'

• úhoïj, wd¾Ól m%;súmdl bÈßm;a lrhs'


• rdcH lghq;= lrf.k hdug rch lrk úhoï rdcH úhoï nj'

• m%Odk l%u follg rdcH úhoï j¾. l< yels nj'

• wd¾Ól j¾.SlrKhg wkqj rdcH úhoï my; f,iska jk nj'

^fuu j¾.SlrKfha ta ta fldgiaj,g wod< úhoï i|yd ksoiqka uy nexl=

jd¾;dj weiqfrka isiqka iu. idlÉPd lrkAk'&

• j¾;k úhoï mßfNdack úhoï iy mqkrdj¾;k úhoï f,i o" m%d.aOk úhoï

wdfhdack úhoï f,io ye¢kaúh yels nj'

• rdcH fiajd wLKavj mj;ajd f.k hdu i|yd lrk úhoï j¾;k úhoï nj'

wd¾Ól j¾.SlrKhg wkqj rdcH úhoï

j¾;k úhoï m%d.aOk úhoï

NdKav yd

fiajdfmd,S f.ùï j¾;k mejreï

yd iykdOdr uQ¾; j;alïw;am;a lr.ekSu

m%d.aOk mejreï

W!k úhoïi|yd fjkalsÍï

'

- 47 -

ksoiqka (- fiajl jegqma" ld¾hd, ,sms øjH f.dvke.s,s l=,S" m%jdyk úhoï"

úÿ,s .dia;= iy úÿ,s ixfoaY fiajd

• m%d.aOk NdKav ìys lsÍu i|yd rch lrk úhoï m%d.aOk úhoï nj'

ksoiqka (- ld¾hd,Sh .Dy NdKav" ld¾hd,Sh .Dy WmlrK" f.dvkeÕs,s" r: jdyk

iy uyd ud¾. bÈ lsÍï

• uQ¾; j;alï w;am;a lr .ekSfï m%d.aOk úhoïj,g foam, f.dvkeÕs,s hkdÈh

ñ,g .ekSu wh;a jk nj'

• m%d.aOk mejreïj,g rdcH ixia:d" rdcH wdh;k yd rdcH Wm wdh;k hkdÈhg

lrk mejreï wh;a jk nj'

• ld¾hh noaO j¾.SlrKhg wkqj rcfha úhoï .e,Sï igyklska my; f,i

oelaúh yels nj'

^fuu j¾.SlrKfha ta ta fldgiaj,g wod< úhoï i|yd ksoiqka uy nexl= jd¾;dj

weiqfrka isiqka iu. idlÉPd lrkAk'&

• uE; j¾Ij, Y%S ,xldfõ uq¿ rdcH úhoï m%udK;aul jYfhka l%ufhka by<

hdfï m%jK;djhla olakg we;s nj'

• wkd.; m%;s,dN rdYshla cks; lsÍug fya;= jk rcfha m%d.aOk úhoï Y=oaO Kh §ï

hkdÈh rdcH wfhdack nj'

• rdcH wdfhdack i|yd rch ueÈy;a jkafka m%Odk jYfhka my; fya;= ksid nj'

• fm!oa.,sl wxYh bÈßm;a fkdjk m%d.aOk NdKav ksmoùu wjYH jk ksid ta

;=<ska wd¾Ól j¾Okh rel=,la ùu

• fm!oa.,sl wxYfha wdfhdack i|yd ys;lr mßirhla f.dvke.Su i|yd wjYH

myiqlï yd fiajd ie,iSug

• uE;la jk ;=re rcfha m%d.aOk úhoï yd Y=oaO Kh §ï my; fya;= ksid iSud ù we;s

ld¾hhka wkqj úhoï j¾.SlrKh

j¾;k úhoï m%d.aOk úhoï yd Kh §u

iudc fiajd wd¾Ól fiajd

fjk;a idudkH fmdÿ fiajd

iudc fiajd

wd¾Ól fiajd

idudkH fmdÿ fiajd fjk;a

- 48 -

nj'

• by< ke.=Kq wdrlaIK úhoï

• by< ke.=Kq Kh fiajd f.ùï ^úfYaIfhka fmd,S f.ùï&

• j¾;k mejreï by< hdu

• uE; j¾Ij, rcfha m%d.aOk úhoïj, m%udK;aul w.h jeä ùug my; fya;=

n,md we;s nj'

• uyd mßudK há;, myiqlï ixj¾Okh jHdmD;sj,g ksoiqka my; i|yka jk

nj'

• rkafodr

• .u ke.=u

• ol=Kq m<d;a .%dóh wNsj¾ok jHdmD;sh

• l=vd jdßud¾. jHdmD;s

• mqkre;a:dmk yd m<d;a md,k jHdmD;s

- 49 -

ksmqK;d uÜgu 9'7 ( rdcH whjeh m%;sm;a;sj, wd¾Ól m%;súmdl úYaf,aIKd;aulj

fidhd n,hs'


bf.kqï M, (

• rdcH whjeh f,aLkh w¾: olajd tys wdlD;sh bÈßm;a lrhs'

• ysÕ" w;sßla; iy ;=,s; f,i whjeh j¾. lrhs'

• whjeh m%;sm;a;s meyeÈ,s lrñka m%idrK;aul yd ixfldapkd;aul whjeh

m%;sm;a;sj, wd¾Ól m%;súmdl úuid n,hs'

• wdodhug wkqj úhou ilialr .ekSfï jeo.;a lu ms<sn|j woyia olajhs'

• wd¾Ólhla i|yd jvd;a fhda.H whjeh m%;sm;a;s fhdackd lrhs'


msúiqu (

• my; i|yka mqj;am;a isria;,h mka;shg bÈßm;a lrkak'

"rcfha whjeh fyg md¾,sfïka;=jgrcfha whjeh fyg md¾,sfïka;=jgrcfha whjeh fyg md¾,sfïka;=jgrcfha whjeh fyg md¾,sfïka;=jgrcfha whjeh fyg md¾,sfïka;=jg"

• tu isria;,h ms<sn| isiqkaf.a woyia úuikak'


• whjeh u.ska bÈß j¾Ih i|yd rcfha wfmalaIs; wdodhï yd úhoï ms<sn|

f;dr;=re bÈßm;a jk nj'

• úúO l%u uÕska ,efnk wdodhï u.ska rcfha úhoï mshjd .kakd nj'

• úhoï mshjd .ekSug wdodhu m%udKj;a fkdjqfyd;a ta i|yd rchg úúO

l%shdud¾. wkq.ukh lsÍug isÿjk nj'


fhdojkak'

- 50 -


• my; i|yka jkaka rgj,a ;=kl bÈß j¾Ihg wfmalaIsl rcfha wdodhï yd úhoï

ms<sn| f;dr;=re h' thska Tn lKavdhug ,eî we;s f;dr;=re flfrys wjOdkh

fhduq lrkak'

"ta" rg

wdodhï re'o',

wdohï nÿ 20

NdKav yd fiajd nÿ 70

wka;¾ cd;sl fjf<|du u; nÿ 10

nÿ fkdjk wdodhï 50

úhoï

jegqma yd fõ;k 70

fmd,S f.ùï 10

iykdOdr yd ixl%du 18

wfkl=;a NdKav yd fiajd 12

m%d.aOk úhoï 35

fjk;a úhoï 05

"î" rg

wdodhï re'o',

wdodhï nÿ 30




úhoï

jegqma yd fõ;k 100

fmd,S f.ùï 50



m%d.aOk úhoï 100

fjk;a úhoï 20

- 51 -

"iS" rg

wdodhï re'o',

wdodhï nÿ 80




úhoï

jegqma yd fõ;k 100

fmd,S f.ùï 30



m%d.aOk úhoï 70

fjk;a úhoï 60

• Tn lKavdhug ,eî we;s rgg wod< j imhd we;s wdodhï iy úhoï fyd|ska

wOHhkh lrkak'

• Tn okakd wdlD;shla fhdodf.k wdodhï iy úhoï .,mñka thska ,efnk

wjidk m%;sM,h ,nd.kak'

• by; wdodhï iy úhoï .e<mSug wkqj bÈß j¾Ihg rg ;=< mj;sk ;;a;ajh

fln÷úh yels ±hs meyeÈ,s lrkak'

• tu ;;a;ajhg uqyqK§ug wod< rfÜ rchg Tn fhdackd lrk ls%hdud¾. fmkajkak'

• tu ls%hdud¾. rfÜ wd¾Ólhg n,mdk wdldrh lKavdhï idlÉPdjla u.ska u;=

lrkak'

• Tfí wkdjrK iuia; mx;shg ks¾udKYS,S j bÈßm;a lsÍug iQodkï jkak'

- 52 -


• bÈß j¾Ih ;=< rcfha lghq;= i|yd ±Íug wfmalaIs; úhou;a tlS úhou mshjd

.ekSu i|yd uqo,a imhd .kakd ud¾.;a jHjia:dodhlh fj; bÈßm;a lr iïu;

lr.kakd jd¾;dj rdcH whjeh f,aLkh nj

• fm!oa.,sl whjeh f,aLkh iy rdcH whjeh f,aLkh w;r fjkila mj;sk nj

• rdcH wdodhï yd rdcH úhoï .e<mSfuka iuia; whjeh fYaIh ,nd .kakd nj

• iuia; whjeh fYaIfha iajNdjh u; ysÕ whjeh" w;sßla; whjeh yd ;=<s;

whjeh f,iska j¾.SlrKh l< yels nj

• whjeh ysÕhla mej;=kfyd;a th uQ,HKh lsÍug isÿjk nj

^uynexl= jd¾;dj weiqfrka whjeh f,aLkh ielfik wdldrh isiqkag bÈßm;a

lrkak'&

• uQ,HKh i|yd m%idrKd;aul yd ixfldapkd;aul whjeh" m%;sm;a;s fhdod .kakd

nj

• whjeh f,aLkfha ysÕh mshjd .ekSu i|yd ,nd .kakd Kh rfÜ uqo,a iemhqu

by< kexùug fya;= fõ kï tlS Kh m%idrKd;aul Kh f,i ye¢kafjk nj

• Kh ud¾.j,ska uqo,a iemhqug n,mEula we;s fkdfõ kï tlS Kh ixfldapkd;aul

Kh f,iska o y÷kajk nj

• m%idrKd;aul Kh i|yd ksoiqka lsysmhla my; ±lafjk nj

• rch uy nexl=fjka Kh ,nd .ekSu

• jdKsc nexl=j,ska Kh ,nd .ekSu

• úfoaY Kh ,nd .ekSu

• ixfldapkd;aul Kh i|yd ksoiqka lsysmhla my; ±lafjk nj

• nexl= fkdjk wdh;kj,ska Kh ,nd .ekSu

• uyck;djf.ka rch Kh uqo,a ,nd .ekSu

• ixfldapkd;aul whjeh m%;sm;a;s fyda m%idrKd;aul whjeh m%;sm;a;s wkq.ukh

lsÍï wd¾Ólhg ys;lr fyda wys;lr o hkak ;SrKh jkafka wod< rfÜ mj;sk

id¾j wd¾Ól jgmsgdj wkqj nj'

- 53 -

ksmqK;d uÜgu 9'8 ( Y%S ,xldfõ rdcH whjeh yd tys wd¾Ól m%;súmdl úu¾Ykh

lrhs'


bf.kqï M, (

• Y%S ,xldfõ rdcH whjeh ;;a;ajh ixLHd;aul f;dr;=re wiqfrka meyeÈ,s lrhs'

• Y%S ,xldfõ whjeh ysÕhg fya;= bÈßm;a lrhs'

• Y%S ,xldfõ whjeh ysÕfhys wd¾Ól m%;súmdl ú.%y lrhs'

• whjeh ysÕh mshùfï uQ,dY% úuid n,hs'

• whjeh ysÕh mshjd .ekSug jvd;a fhda.H m%;sm;a;s ms<sn| woyia yd fhdackd

bÈßm;a lrhs'


(Y%S ,xldfõ rdcH whjeh ;;a;ajh ms<sn| ld,Sk f;dr;=re flfrys isiqkaf.a

wjOdkh fhduq lrjkak')

• uE; j¾Ij, Y%S ,xldfõ whjeh ysÕhg úúO fya;= idOl n,mE nj'

ksoiqka (((((

• úúO nÿ iyk ,nd §u fya;=fjka nÿ wdodhu wvq ùu

• Kh wdmiq f.ùfï úhoï by< hdu

• fmd,S f.ùu by< hdu

• rcfha ixl%du úhou by< hdu

• rdcH fiajd úhou by< hdu

• Y%S ,xldfõ whjeh ysÕh uQ,HlrKh lsÍu i|yd úúO l%shdud¾. wkq.ukh

fldg we;s nj'

ksoiqka (((((

• úfoaYSh uQ,HKh

• úfoaYSh Kh

• úfoaYSh m%odk

• foaYSh uQ,HKh

• fjf<|fm< Kh .ekSu

• nexl= fkdjk Kh

• nexl= ^uQ,H wêldßh" jdksc nexl=&

• wfkl=;a Kh .ekSï

- 54 -

(Y%S ,xldfõ whjeh ysÕh uQ,HlrKh lsÍu i|yd f.kwe;s úúO l%shdud¾. ms<sno

ld,Sk f;dr;=re flfrys isiqkaf.a wjOdkh fhduq lrjkak')

• whjeh ys.hla È.ska È.gu mej;Sfuka wd¾Ólhg wys;lr m%;súmdl we;s jk nj'

ksoiqka (((((

• rdcH Kh by< hdu

• WoaOukh by< hdu

• fm!oa.,sl wxYfha wdfhdack wvq ùu

• fmd,S wkqmd;slh by< hdu

• wka;¾cd;sl úYajdiH;dj wvq ùu

• úfoaY úksuh wkqmd;slh msßySu

• foaYSh b;=reï wvq ùu

• whjeh ysÕh wvq lr .ekSfuka wd¾Ólhg fkdfhl=;a jdis w;a jk nj'

• j¾;k .sKqfï ysÕhla mej;Sfukaa w¾Ólhg wys;lr m%;súmdl;a j¾;k .sKqfï

w;sßla;hla mej;Sfuka ys;lr m%;súmdl;a we;s jk nj'

• j¾;k .sKqfï w;sßla;hla mej;Sfuka we;sjk ys;lr m%;súmdl j,g ksoiqka

my; oelafjk nj'

• rdcH Kh nr wvq lr .; yels ùu

• WoaOukd;aul m%;súmdl wvq ùu

• rdcH wdfhdack jev l< yels ùu

• fmd,S wkqmd;slh my< uÜgul mj;ajd .; yels ùu

• fm!oa.,sl wdfhdack jeä lr .; yels ùu

• ck;dj fj; mejfrk nÿ nr wvq lr .; yels ùu

• id¾j wd¾Ól ia:dhslrKhg uÕ mE§u

• wd¾Ólfha wjOukd;aul ;;a;ajhla mj;sk wjia:djl § whjeh ysÕh uQ,HlrKh

lsÍu i|yd m%idrKd;aul fkdjk ud¾. wkq.ukh lsÍu jvd;a fhda.H nj'

- 55 -

ksmqK;d uÜgu 9'9 ( Y%S ,xldfõ rdcH Kh ixhq;sh yd tys m%jK;d úu¾Ykh

lrhs'


bf.kqï M, (

• rdcH Kh w¾: olajñka rdcH Kh uQ,dY% .e,Sï igyka u.ska bÈßm;a lrhs'

• rdcH Kh nfrys wd¾Ól m%;súmdl ú.%y lrhs'

• rdcH Kh fiajd lrk f.ùï úia;r lrhs '

• Y%S ,xldfõ rdcH Kfhys uE;ld,Sk Wmk;Ska mÍlaId lr n,hs'


• fmd<sh o iu. wdmiq f.ùfï fmdfrdkaÿj u; rch ,nd .kakd uqo,a rdcH Kh

jYfhka ye¢kafjk nj'

• foaYSh fukau úfoaYSh uQ,dY% j,ska rch Kh ,nd .kakd nj'

• th uQ,dY% .e,Sï igyklska my; oelafjk wdldrhg bÈßm;a l< yels nj'

rdcH Kh

foaYSh Kh úfoaYSh Kh

fjf<|fmd< fjf<|fmd<

fkdjk

jHdmD;s jHdmD;sfkdjk

nexl= nexl= fkdjk

uy nexl= jdKsc nexl= fiajl w¾:idOl wruqo,

b;sß lsÍfï

wdh;k

rlaIK wdh;k

• uqo,a fjf<|fmdf<ka o m%d.aOk fjf<|fmdf<ka o rch ,nd .kakd Kh"

fj<|fmd< Kh f,i ye¢kafjk nj'

- 56 -

• rdcH Kh by< hdu ksid fkdfhl=;a wd¾Ól m%;súmdlj,g uqyqK §ug

isÿjk nj'

ksoiqka (((((

• rdcH wdodhfuka úYd, fldgila Kh;a Kh fmd,sh;a f.ùug fhduq ùu'

• fjk;a wjYH;d yd ixj¾Ok wruqKq úhoïj,g b;d iq¿ uqo,a m%udKhla

b;sß ùu'

• foaYSh fj<|mf,a fmd,S wkqmd;sl by< hdu'

• foaYSh uqo,a tallfha ndysr w.h msßySu'

• fm!oa.,sl wxYh i|yd mj;sk iïm;a m%udKh wvq ùu ksid fm!oa.,sl

wdfhdack wvq ù wd¾Ól j¾Okhg wys;lr n,mEï we;s ùu

• rdcH uQ,H l<uKdlrKh yd rdcH Kh l<uKdlrKh jvd;a ÿIalr ùu

• nexl= l%ufhka Kh .ekSug isÿ ùfuka WoaOukh we;s ùu

• iuia; úhou jeäùfuka f.jqï fYaI m%Yak u;= ùu

• wka;¾cd;sl Kh w¾nqohlg uqyqK §ug is¥ùu

• foaYSh b;=reï wkqmd;slh my; jeàu

• foaYSh WoaOukh fya;=fjka uQ¾; úksuh wkqmd;slh my< hk úg wka;¾

cd;sl ;r.ldß;ajhg ydks meñKsu

• rch ,nd f.k we;s uq¿ Kh fjkqfjka f.úh hq;= Kh jdßl Bg wod< fmd,sh;a

iu. wdmiq f.ùu Kh fiajdlrK f.ùï hkqfjka ye¢kafjk nj'

• rch ,nd f.k we;s uq¿ Kh fjkqfjka f.úh hq;= Kh jdßl iy ta i|yd f.úh

hq;= fmd,sh hk lreKq fol foaYSh ksIamdÈlfha m%;sY;hla f,i oelaùu Kh

fiajd wkqmd;slh f,i ye¢kafjk nj'

• Kh jdßl yd Kh fmd,sh hk fol wmkhk wdodhu" rdcH wdodhu yd rdcH

úhou hkdÈfha wkqmd; f,i o m%ldY lrñka úúO wdldrfha Kh fiajd wkqmd;sl

.Kkh l< yels nj'

• Kh fiajd o¾Yl f,iska oelafjkafka o úúOdldrfhka .Kkh flfrk Kh

fiajd wkqmd;slhka nj'

rdcH Kh fiajd wkqmd;slh }Kh jdßl Kh fmd,S

o< foaYSh ksIamdÈ;h

- 57 -

• Y%S ,xldfõ rdcH Kfhys uE;ld,Sk Wmk;Ska j,g ksoiqka my; oelafjk nj'

• o< foaYSh ksIamdÈ;fhys m%;sY;hla f,i fkdmsh jQ rdcH Kh m%udKh wLKav

f,i my< hdu

• iuia; rcfha Kh j,ska jeä m%udKhla foaYSh Kh ùu

• mßK; ld,h wkqj ueÈ yd È.=l,sk Kh fláld,Sk Kh j,g jvd jeä

w.hla ùu

• wdh;k wkqj .;a úg nexl= flaI;%hg jvd nexl= fkdjk flaI;%fhka ,nd

.;a Kh m%udKh jeä w.hla ùu

• foaYSh fkdmsh jQ rdcH Kfhys m%Odk;u WmlrKh NdKavd.dr ne÷ï lr ùu

• úfoaYSh Kh ;=< iykodhs Kh jeä jeo.;alula .ekSu

• o< foaYSh ksIamdÈ;fha m%;sY;hla f,i rdcH Kh fiajdlrK f.ùïj, wvqùula

olakg ,enSu

• rdcH Kh ukd l<uKlrKhlska hq;=j fhdod .ekSu jeo.;a jk nj'

- 58 -

ksmqK;d uÜgu 9'10 ( rdcH iemhqï m%j¾Ok m%;sm;a;sj, wd¾Ól m%;súmdl

úYaf,aIKd;aulj fidhd n,hs'


bf.kqï M, (

• iemhqï m%j¾Ok m%;sm;a;sh w¾:l;kh lrhs'

• úúO iemhqï m%j¾Ok m%;sm;a;suh l%shdud¾. meyeÈ,s lrñka tajdg ksoiqka bÈßm;a

lrhs'

• iemhqï m%j¾Ok m%;sm;a;sj, wd¾Ól m%;súmdl ú.%y lrhs'


• ksIamdokh Èß .ekaùu i|yd myiqlï iemhSu iemhqï m%j¾Ok m%;sm;a;sh f,i

ye¢kafjk nj'

• iemhqï m%j¾Ok m%;sm;a;s l%shd;aul lrk úg wdfhdack jeäùu iy ksIamdok

mssßjeh wvq ù ksIamdok idOlj, M,odhs;djho jeä jk nj'

• fï f,iska m%Odk id¾j wd¾Ól úp,H wfmalaIs; uÜgu lrd f.k taug

iemhqï m%j¾Ok m%;sm;a;sh u.ska lghq;= flfrk nj'

• ksIamdokh Èß .ekaùu i|yd úúO iemhqï m%j¾Okh m%;sm;a;suh l%shdud¾.

fhdod .; yels nj iy tu l%shd ud¾. my; wdldrfha tajd jk nj'

• nÿ m%;sixialrKh

• fm!oa.,SlrKh

• kshdukyrKh

• Y%u fjf<|fmd< m%;sixialrKh

• m%d.aOk fjf<|fmd< m%;sixialrKh

• ksIamdokh by< kexfjk wdldrhg nÿ l%ufhys fjkialï we;slsrSu nÿ

m%;sixialrK hkafkka woyia jk nj'

• fjf<|fmd< ;r.ldß l%shdldß;ajhg nÿ wh lsÍu u.ska hï hï n,mEï isÿ jk nj'

• tkï nÿ fya;=fjka ksIamdokfha;a" mßfNdackfha;a" wdfhdackfha;a" b;sß lsÍïj,;a

m%Yia; uÜgï .s,syS hk nj'

• fï ksid fjf<|fmd< ;r.ldß l%shdldß;ajhg nÿ wh lsÍu u.ska isÿ jk

n,mEu wju jk wdldrfhka nÿ wh lsÍfï § idkqn, iemhSu l< hq;= nj'

ksoiqka (- nÿ iud ,nd §u" nÿ lmd yeÍu iy nÿ wvq lsÍu wd§

- 59 -

• fujeks idkqn,hka ,nd §u u.ska ksIamdok msßjeh wvqùfuka ksIamdokh by<

hk nj'

• nÿ u.ska idkqn, iemhSu wd¾Ólhg ys;lr fukau wys;lr f,i n,mE yels nj'

ksoiqka (-

• nÿ wvq lsÍu ksid rcfha wdodhu wvq ùu" wdodhï jHmD;s úIu;djh jeäùu

iy mdßfNda.slhska wkjYH NdKav mßfNdackhg keUqre ùu wdosh nÿ

m%;sixialrKhl wys;lr wd¾Ól m%;súmdl f,i oelaúh yels nj'

• ksIamdok jeä ùu iy mßfNdackfha" wdfhdackfha iy b;sß lsÍïj,ska m%Yia;

uÜgï nÿ u.ska idkqn, iemhSu ksid fndfyda ÿrg wdrlaId ùu nÿ

m%;sixialrK u.ska isÿ jk hym;a m%;súmdl jk nj'

• fï iemhqï m%j¾Ok m%;sm;a;shla jYfhka nÿ m%;sixialrK fhdod .ekSfï §

tu.ska wd¾Ólhg we;s jk wys;lr m%;súmdl yels ;rï ÿrg wju jk wdldrhg

th isÿ lsÍu jvd jeo.;a jk nj'

• rcfha ysñldß;ajh hgf;a meje;s jHdmdr ld¾h i|yd fm!oa.,sl wxYh iïnkaO

lr .ekSu fm!oa.,SlrKh hkafkka woyia jk nj'

• my; mrsos wdldr lsysmhlska fm!oa.,SlrKh isÿ úh yels nj'

• rdcH jHjidhj, iïmQ¾K whs;sh fyda whs;sfhka fldgila fm!oa.,sl wxYhg

úlsKsu fyda mejÍu

• rdcH jHjidhj, l<uKdlrKh fm!oa.,sl wxYhg mejÍu

• rdcH wxYhg wh;a we;eï fiajd fm!oa.,sl wxYfhka ,nd .ekSu

• fm!oa.,SlrKh ksid wd¾Ólhg ys;lr fukau wys;lr wdldrfha m%;súmdl w;a

úh yels nj'

• ys;lr m%;súmdl j,g ksoiqka my; mrsos oelaúh yels nj'

• jvd;a M,odhs f,i ksIamdok iïm;a ksIamdok lghq;=j,g fhduqùfuka

ksIamdokh ld¾hlaIu ùu

• rdcH taldêldrh wfydais ù ;r.ldß fjf<|fmd<la ìys ùu

• rdcH whjehg nrla fkdùu

• jHdmdrj,g flfrk foaYmd,k n,mEï bj;a ùu

• m%d.aOk ysÕhg ms<shï ,eîu

• ksIamdÈ;j, .+Kd;aul;djh by<hdu

- 60 -

• ksIamdok msßjeh wvqùu

• kdia;sh" ¥IKh yd jxpd je<lS hdu

• mdßfNda.sl wjYH;dj,g blauKska m%;spdr ,eîu

• wd¾Ólhl ;r.ldß;ajh wvq ùug n,mdk kS;sfhka mkjk ,o yd iudÔh f,i

we;s j ;sfnk fr.=,dis yd ndOd bj;a lsÍu kshdukyrKh ^fr.=,disyrKh&

f,i ye¢kafjk nj'

ksoiqka (-

• jHdmdrhla wdrïN lsÍu iïnkaOj mj;sk oeä kS;s Í;s ,sys,a lsÍu

^jHdmdrhla ia:dk.; lsÍu wdrïNl m%d.aOkh wjir ,nd .ekSug wd§h

iïnkaOfhka&

• ksoyia fjf<|ug ndOd jk wdldrfha rcfha oeä wëlaIKh wvq lsÍu

• idudÔh idOlj, n,mEu ksid NdKavj, .kqfokq msßjeh jeä ùu ^ud¿

wf,ú lsÍfï § ksIamdolhd ;SrKh lrkq ñ,g jvd jeä ñ,lg tajd wf,ú

lsÍug we;eï mqoa.,hska ksfhda. lsÍu yd tu jeä lrk ,o ñ, ksIamdolhdg

fkd§ Tjqka úiska ,nd .ekSu& j<lajd,Sug lghq;= lsÍu

• kshdukyrKh ;=<ska fjf<|m< ;r.ldÍ;ajhg we;sjk ndOd bj;a ùu

ksIamdolhskag Yla;shla jk w;r ta ksid ksIamdok msßjeh wvq ù ksIamdok idOl

M,odhs;ajh jeä ùu ;=<ska ksIamdokh by< kexúug rel=,la jk nj'

• kshdukyrKh ksIamdok msßjeh wvq ù" wfhdackh jeä ù" ksIamdokh by< kexùug

ys;lr f,i n,mE yels jqqj;a uq¿ukska u kshdukyrKh lsÍu wd¾Ólhg wys;lr

f,i n,mEï we;s l< yels nj'

ksoiqka (-

• mdßfNdackhg wys;lr NdKav yd fiajd fjf<|fm< ;=<g we;=<;a ùu

• .=Kd;ajfhka wvq NdKav ksmoúh yels ùu' úfoaY fjf<|u iïnkaOfhka

.;a úg wdkhksl NdKav wd¾Ólhg wkjYH fyda wys;lr tajd úh yelsùu

• wd¾Ólhg we;s úh yels wys;lr m%;súmdl wju jk wdldrhg lsishï iSudjlg

hg;a j kshdukyrKfhys fhÈh hq;= nj'

• Y%u fjf<|fm< mj;sk oDv;djh;a bj;a jk wdldrfhka Y%u b,a¨u yd Y%u

iemhqï iïnkaOfhka fjkialï we;s lsÍu Y%u fjf<|fmd< m%;sixialrK f,iska

oelaúh yels nj'

• Y%u fjf<|fmdf<a ;r.ldß;ajhg ndOd t,a, fkdjk wdldrhg lghq;= lsÍu

hkafkka woyia jkafka o Y%u fjf<|fmd< m%;sixialrKh nj'

ksoiqka (

• mSvdldÍ lïlre kS;s bj;a lsÍu

- 61 -

• fiajlhska n|jd .ekSfï § we;eï jD;a;Ska iïnkaOfhka yelshdjla fkdue;s

wh tu jD;a;Skag n|jd fkd.ekSug lghq;= lsÍu

• ta ta jD;a;Skag wod< mqyqKqùï wdÈh ms<sn| Y%ñlhska oekqj;a lsÍu

• b,a¨u yd iemhqu iïnkaOfhka lrk m%;sixialrKhka ksid ;r.ldß Y%u

fjf<|fmd<la ks¾udKh jk nj'

• ta ksid wd¾Ólfha ksIamdokh by< kxjd .; yels nj'

• tfy;a fujeks m%;sixialrKhka lsÍfï § o th lsishï iSudjlg hg;aj isÿ l<

hq;= nj ta ms<sn| wjOdkh fhduq fkdl<fyd;a wd¾Ólhg wys;lr m%;súmdlhka

o we;s úh yels nj'

ksoiqka (

• fm!oa.,sl jHdmdrj, fiajd kshqla; lsÍfï ksoyi tu jHdmdrj,gu ,nd

ÿkfyd;a jev wvq ld,j, Y%ñlhska fiajfhka bj;a lsÍfuka Y%ñlhskag

lsishï widOdrKhla isÿ ùu

• iemhqï m%j¾Ok m%;sm;a;s l%shdud¾.hla f,i Y%u fjf<|fmd< m%;sixialrKh o

fhdod .; hq;af;a wys;lr m%;súmdl wju jk wdldrhg nj'

• ksIamdokh by< kxjd .ekSu i|yd ndOdjlaj mj;sk m%d.aOk ysÕh úi|d .;

yels wdldrhg lghq;= lsÍu m%d.aOk fj<|fmd< m%;sixialrKh f,i ie,lsh

yels nj'

ksoiqka (-

• m%d.aOkfha M,odhs;djh kexùu

• iDcq úfoaY wdfhdack Èßu;a lsÍu

• iykodhs fldkafoais u; úfoaY Kh ,nd .ekSu

• b;sß lsÍï jeä lsÍug lghq;= lsÍu

• fujeks m%;sixialrKhka ksid wdfhdackh jeä ù ksIamdokh by< hdu ys;lr

;;a;ajhla jk nj'

• wys;lr ;;a;ajhka o fï ;=<ska we;s úh yels nj'

ksoiqka (-

• úfoaY wdfhdack jeä lsÍu ;=<ska ,dN iy ,dNxY úfoaY rgj,g we§ hdu

úfoaY Kh ,nd .ekSu ksid Kh jdßl yd fmd,S fjkqfjka úYd, m%udKhl

jeh lsÍug isÿ ùu

• rch j¾;k úhoï wvq lf<d;a th j¾;udk iudc Y=N idOkhg wys;lr úh

yels ùu

• iemhqï m%j¾Ok m%;sm;a;shla f,i m%d.aOk m%;sixialrK fhdod .ekSfï § o

tys wys;lr n,mEï bj;a jk wdldrhg th l< hq;= nj'

- 62 -

ksmqK;dj 10 ( úfoaY fjf<|du yd uQ,H" rgl iuia; wd¾Ólhg we;s lrk

n,mEu úYaf,aIKh lrhs'

ksmqK;d uÜgu 10'1 ( wka;¾cd;sl fjf<|dug mokï jQ idOl úu¾Ykh lrhs'


bf.kqï M, (

• wka;¾cd;sl fjf<|du w¾: olajhs'

• wka;¾cd;sl fjf<|dug mokï jQ ksrfmalaI yd idfmalaI jdis kHdhka w¾:

olajhs'

• fok,o ixLHd o;a; Ndú;fhka hï NdKavhlg wod< j ksrfmalaI jdish yd

idfmalaI jdish we;s rg f;darhs'

• wka;¾cd;sl fjf<|dug iïnkaOùu ;=<ska rgj,g w;ajk jdis ,ehsia;=.;

lrhs'


msúiqu (

• cmdkh YS% ,xldfjka weÕ¨ï ñ, § .ekSug iy YS% ,xldj cmdkfhka fudag¾ r:

ñ, § .ekSug fya;= isiqkaf.kA úuikak'


• cmdkh fudag¾ r: ksIamdokh iïnkaOfhka YS% ,xldj jvd jeä ld¾hlaIu;djla

Wiq,k w;r weÕ¨ï ksIamdokh iïnkaOfhka wvq ld¾hlaIu;djla Wiq,k

nj'

• YS% ,xldj weÕ¨ï ksIamdokh iïnkaOfhka jeä ld¾hlaIu;djla Wiq,k w;r

fudag¾ r: ksIamdokh iïnkaOfhka wvq ld¾hlaIu;djla Wiq,k nj'

• fuu ksid YS% ,xldj weÕ¨ï jeä jYfhka ksIamdokh lr cmdkhg wf,úlr

cmdkfhka fudag¾ r: ñ, § .kakd nj'

• cmdkh fudag¾ r: jeä jYfhka ksIamdokh lr YS% ,xldjg wf,ú fldg YS%

,xldfjka weÕ¨ï ñ, § .kakd nj'

• fï wdldrhg rg rgj,a w;r wka;¾cd;sl fjf<|du isÿjk nj'

• isiqka iqÿiq mßÈ lKavdhï lr bf.kqï i|yd fhdað; Wmfoia ,nd §

ls%hdldrlfuys fhdojkak'

- 63 -


• my; i|yka rgj,a y;rl ksIamdok f;dr;=re we;=<;a j.= folla w;ßka Tng

,eî we;s j.=j flfrys wjOdkh fhduq lrkak'

• j.=j 1

^rgj,a foflys u iudk Y%u msßjehla mj;sk nj Wml,amkh flf¾'&

• j.=j 2

ksIamdokh

weÕ¨ï

^tall$ ñksia mehlg&

;sßÕ= msá

^lsf,da .arEï$ ñksia mehlg&

YS% ,xldj

12

08

weußldj

02

10

ksIamdokh

fudag¾ r:


mdjyka


cmdkh

06

04

YS% ,xldj

01

02

^rgj,a foflys u iudk Y%u msßjehla mj;sk nj Wml,amkh flf¾'&

• Tng ,eî we;s j.=fjys ioyka rgj,a fofla NdKav j¾. foflys ksIamdokhg

wod< f;dr;=re ie,ls,af,ka hq;= j wOHhkh lrkak'

• tu f;dr;=re weiqßka rgj,a folg wod< j jeä ld¾hlaIu;djlska yd wvq

ld¾hlaIu;djlska ksmoúh yels NdKav j¾.h y÷kd.kak'

• by; NdKav foflys ld¾hlaIu;dj mokï lrf.k wfkla rgla iuÕ wka;¾cd;sl

fjf<|dfuys fh§ug wfmalaId lrkafka kï" l=uk NdKavh jeäfhka ksmojd

wmkhkh lrkafka o@ l=uk NdKavh wdkhkh lrkafka o@ hkak meyeos,s lrkak'

• rgj,a foflys tla tla NdKav ksIamdokh i|yd jehjk wdjiaÓl msßjeh .Kkh

lrkak'

• Tn .Kkh lrk ,o wdjiaÓl msßjeh weiqßka rgj,a folg l=uk NdKavh

jeämqr ksIamdokh lsÍu jdisodhl jkafka o@ l=uk NdKavh wdkhkh lsÍu jdis

odhl jkafka o@ hkak meyeos,s lrkak'

• fuf,i rgj,a fol w;r wmkhk iy wdkhk fjf<|dula isÿjQfjd;a rgj,a

w;alr .kakd jdis ,ehsia;= .; lrkak'

• Tfí wkdjrK iuia; mka;shg ks¾udKYS,S j bÈßm;a lsÍug iQodkï jkak'

- 64 -


• f,dalfha tla rgla f,dalfha ;j;a rgj,a iu. NdKav yd fiajd yqjudre lr

.ekSu wka;¾cd;sl fjf<|du fyj;a úfoaY fjf<|du f,i yeoskafjk nj'

• rgj,a úfoaY fjf<|dug iïnkaO ùug úúO fya;= idOl n,mdk nj'

• wka;¾cd;sl fjf<|du ms<sn| j bÈßm;a ù we;s úúO kHdhka ;=<ska tu fya;=

idOl ms<sn| j ú.%y lrk nj'

• wka;¾cd;sl fjf<|du ms<sn| j ú.%y flfrk kHdhkaj,g ksoiqka f,i ksrfmalaI

jdis kHdh iy idfmalaI jdis kHdh oelaúh yels nj'

• ksrfmalaI jdis kHdh ksIamdokfha ld¾hlaIu;djh u; mokï jk nj'

• ksrfmalaI jdis kHdh f,djg y÷kajd ÿka wd¾Ól úoHd{ —wevï iañ;a˜g ^1776&

wkqj th my; mßÈ ks¾jpkh lr we;s nj '

—hï rgl ish fjf<| iylre ksmojkjdg jvd wvq iïm;a msßjehla hgf;a hï

NdKavhla ksmoúh yels kï tu NdKavh ksmojd ks¾hd; lsÍfuka yd tfia

fkdjk NdKav wdhd; lsÍfuka jdis ,nd .; yels h'˜

• ksrfmaalaI jdis kHdh my; ksoiqka weiqfrka meyeÈ,s l< yels nj'

• by; ksoiqkg wkqj weußldjg jvd wvq iïm;a msßjehlska weÕ¨ï ksIamdok

lsÍug YS% ,xldjg yelsjk ksid weÕ¨ï ksIamdok iïnkaO j ksrfmalaI jdish

YS% ,xldjg w;ajk w;r ksrfmalaI wjdish weußldjg we;s nj'

• YS% ,xldjg jvd wvq iïm;a msßjehlska ;sßÕ= msá ksIamdokh lsÍug weußldjg

yelsjk ksid ;sßÕ= msá ksIamdokh iïnkaO j ksrfmalaI jdish weußldjg

w;ajk w;r YS% ,xldjg ksrfmalaI wjdish w;ajk nj'

• fuu ksid YS% ,xldjg ksrfmalaI jdish we;s weÕ¨ï jeä jYfhka ksmojd w;sßla;h

weußldjg wf,ú lr ksrfmalaI wjdish we;s ;sßÕ= msá weußldfjka ñ, §

.ekSfuka jdis ,nd.; yels nj'

• weußldjg ksrfmalaI jdish we;s ;sßÕ= msá jeä jYfhka ksmojd w;sßla;h

,xldjg wf,úlr ksrfmalaI wjdish we;s weÕ¨ï ,xldfjka ñ, § .; yels nj'

ksIamdokhksIamdokhksIamdokhksIamdokhksIamdokh

weÕ¨ï


;sßÕ= msá

^lsf,da$ ñksia mehlg&

YS% ,xldjYS% ,xldjYS% ,xldjYS% ,xldjYS% ,xldj

12

08

weußldjweußldjweußldjweußldjweußldj

02

10

- 65 -

• fï wdldrhg ksrfmalaI jdish mokï j ,xldj yd weußldj w;r wka;¾cd;sl

fjf<|dula isÿúh yels nj'

• ksrfmalaI jdis kHdfha mj;sk ÿ¾j,;d fmkajd foñka wd¾Ól úoHd{ —fâúâ

ßldfvda˜ ^1817& § idfmalaI jdis kHdh f,djg y÷kajd ÿka nj'

• th my; mßÈ ks¾jpkh lr we;s nj'

—hï rgla ish fjf<| iylre ksmojkjdg jvd jeä iïm;a msßjehla ord hï

NdKavhla ksmojkafka ù kuq;a" fjf<| iylre ksmojkjdg wvq wdjiaÓl msßjehla

ord ksmoúh yels kï tu NdKavh ksmojd ks¾hd; lsÍfuka jdis ,nd .; yels h'˜

• by; ks¾jpkhg wkqj f,dalfha rgj,a folla w;ßka tl rglg wfkla rgg

jvd wvq wdjiaÓl msßjehlska hï NdKavhla ksmoúh yels kï tu rgg wod<

NdKavh ksmoùu iïnkaO j idfmalaI jdishla mj;S hkak meyeÈ,s flfrk nj'

• idfmalaI jdis kHdh my; ksoiqka weiqfrka meyeÈ,s l< yels nj'

ksIamdokhksIamdokhksIamdokhksIamdokhksIamdokh

fudag¾ r:


.=jka úÿ,s hka;%


cmdkhcmdkhcmdkhcmdkhcmdkh

10

05

bkaoshdjbkaoshdjbkaoshdjbkaoshdjbkaoshdj

03

02

rgrgrgrgrg

cmdkh

bkaÈhdj

fudag¾ r:^tall$ ñksia

mehlg&

10

03

.=jka úÿ,s hka;%^tall$ ñksia

mehlg&

05

02

fudag¾ r:tallhl wdjiaÓl

msßjeh

0'5

0'66

.=jka úÿ,s hka;%tallhl

wdjiaÓl msßjeh

02

1'5

- 66 -

• by; ksoiqkg wkqj cmdkh bkaÈhdjg jvd wvq wdjia:sl msrsjehla hgf;a

fudag¾ r: ksmoùu;a" bkaÈhdj cmdkhg jvd wvq wdjia:sl msrsjehla hgf;a .=jka

úÿ,s hka;% ksmoùu;a l< yels nj'

• ta wkqj cmdkhg fudag¾ r: ksmoùfï idfmalaI jdis we;s w;r .=jka úÿ,s

hka;% ksmoùfï idfmalaI jdis we;af;a bkaÈhdjg nj'

• forg fjf<|dfï fhfokúg cmdkh fudag¾ r: ksIamdokfha úfYaISlrKhg;a

bkaÈhdj .=jkaúÿ,s hka;% ksIamdokfha úfYaISlrKhg;a fhduqùu fya;=fjka ìysjk

w;sßla; ksIamdokh yqjudre lr .ekSfuka forgg u jdis w;a jk nj'

• wka;¾cd;sl fjf<odug iïnkaO ùu ksid rglg w;ajk jdis my; mßÈ m%Odk

fldgia follg fjka l< yels nj'

• úfYaISlrKfha jdis

• yqjudrefõ jdis

• rgla wka;¾cd;sl fjf<|dug fhduqlrk idfmaCI jdis fldgia follg fnod

±laúh yels nj'

• iaÓ;sl jdish

• .;sl jdish

• ksIamdokh yd mßfNdackh uq,a fldgf.k rglg iajNdúlj Wreuù we;s jdish

ia:s;sl jdish f,i ye¢kafjk w;r tajd yg .ekSug

• iïm;a iïNdrh

• rgj,a w;r wNsreÖkaf.a fjkialï

• ksIamdokfha mßudKdkql+, M, fya;= jk nj'

• ;dCIKsl ÈhqKqj" NdKav m%fNaokh" rdcH m%;sm;a;s yd fjf<| .súiqï wdÈ rgj,a

kss¾udKh lr .kq ,nk ;;a;ajhka ksid yg.kakd jdis" .;sl jdis f,i ye¢kafjk

nj'

• cd;Hka;r fjf<|dfï idfmaCI jdish ksIamdok yelshdj yd ksIamdok msßjeh

hk fohdldrfhkau ú.%y l< yels nj'

• ksIamdok yelshdj olajk ixLHd f,aLkhl ksuejqï tall ±lafjk w;r ksIamdok

msßjeh ±lafjk ixLHd f,aLkhl fhojqï tall ±lafjk nj'

• ksIamdok yelshdj iy ksIamdok msßjeh wdY%fhka wdjiaÓl msßjeh .Kkh lrk

wdldrh tlsfklg fjkia nj'

- 67 -

ksmqK;d uÜgu 10'2 ( wka;¾cd;sl fjf<|dfï § wdrlaIKjd§ m%;sm;a;sj,ska we;s

lrk n,mEu úYaf,aIKh lrhs'


bf.kqï M, (

• ksoyia fjf<|du w¾: olajhs'

• wdrlaIKjd§ l%shdud¾.j, wd¾Ól m%;súmdl ú.%y lrhs'

• wdrlaIKjdohg mlaI j yd úmlaI j bÈßm;a ù we;s ;¾l úia;r lrhs'

• cd;Hka;r fjf<|du kshdukh lrk wdh;k y÷kajhs'


• rgj,a w;r NdKav" fiajd yd idOl ksoyfia ixp,khùug bvyeÍu ksoyia

fjf<|du f,i oelaúh yels nj'

• foaYSh fjf<|fmd<g úfoaYSh NdKav ksoyfia we;=¿ùu iSud lrk ´kE u ls%hd

ms<sfj;la wdrlaIKjdoh kï jk w;r wdrlaIKjd§ ls%hdud¾. my; mßÈ

fldgia ;=klg fjka l< yels nj'

• ;Srenÿ ls%hdud¾.

• ;Srenÿ fkdjk ls%hdud¾.

• fjf<| j¾K ms<sn| fmdÿ l%uh

• wdrlaIKjd§ ls%hdud¾. f,i ;Srenÿ my; mßÈ Ndú; l< yels nj'

• wdkhk ;Sre nÿ mekùu

• wmkhk ;Sre nÿ mekùu

• ;Sre nÿ fkdjk wdrlaIKjd§ ls%hdud¾. my; mßÈ oelaúh yels nj'

• i,dl l%uh

• úksuh md,kh

• wdkhk ;ykï lsÍu

• wdkhk wmkhk n,m;% l%u

• fjf<| .súiqï ls%hd;aul lsÍu

• m%Njh ms<sn| kS;s Í;s

• ldg,a msysgqùu

• l,dmSh wd¾Ól iyfhda.s;d

• ksIamdok m%ñ;Ska ksl=;a lsÍu

• wdrlaIKfha ys;lr yd wys;lr m%;súmdl my; wdldrhg fjkafldg oelaúh yels

nj'

- 68 -

• by; ioyka ys;lr yd wys;lr m%;súmdl hgf;a mlaI j yd úmlaI j ;¾l

f.dvke.S we;s nj'

• cd;Hka;r fjf<|du kshdukh lsÍug wdh;k mj;sk nj'

• cd;Hka;r fjf<|du kshdukh lrk m%Odk wdh;khla f,i f,dal fjf<|

ixúOdkfha ye¢kaúh yels nj'

• wdrlaIKjd§ ls%hdud¾. ,sys,a lsÍu wruqKq lrf.k f,dal fjf<| ixúOdkh ìys

ù we;s nj'

• my; i|yka mrud¾: we;sj f,dal fjf<| ixúOdkh msysgqjd we;s nj'

• ksoyia fjf<|dug ndOdldÍ ;Srenÿ my; fy<d f.da,Sh fjf<|du mq¿,a lsÍu

• cd;Hka;r fjf<|dfï lDIsl¾udka;h fjf<|dug n,mdk wdfhdackh yd

nqoaêuh foam, jeks lafIa;%j,g ksoyia fjf<|du m%p,s; lsÍu

• fjf<|dug n,mdk ;Srenÿ fkdjk ndOl f,i i,lk m%md;kh" wmkhk

mx.= lsÍu iy ksIamdok m%ñ;Ska mekùu jeks foa bj;a lsÍu i|yd fhduq ùu

• fjf<|dfï wiudk;d bj;a lsÍu

• cd;Hka;r uQ,H wruqo, f,dal nexl=j we;=¿ cd;Hka;r iyfhda.S;djh iu.

iqyo j ls%hd lsÍu

• w;sf¾l fjf<| jrK ms<sn| fmdÿ l%uh (GSP+) hkq 2005 jif¾ § y÷kajd ÿka

hqfrdamd ix.uhg NdKav wmkhkh lrk úg th ;Srenÿ rys; j isÿ lsÍug

,ndfok ;=ka wjqreÿ jev ms<sfj,la nj'

ys;lr m%;súmdlys;lr m%;súmdlys;lr m%;súmdlys;lr m%;súmdlys;lr m%;súmdl

1' foaYSh <ore l¾udka; úfoaY

;r.fhka wdrlaId jSu

2' iajhxfmdaIs;Ndjh f.dvke.Su

3' fiajd úhqla;sh je<elaùu

4' m%md;kh je<elaùu

5' wys;lr f.jqï fYaI ;;a;ajhka

ksjerÈ lsÍu

wys;lr m%;súmdlwys;lr m%;súmdlwys;lr m%;súmdlwys;lr m%;súmdlwys;lr m%;súmdl

1' foaYSh yd úfoaYSh fjf<|fmd<

ixfldapkh

2' úfoaY fjf<|du ixfldapkh ù cd;sl

wdodhu wvqùu

3' foaYSh ksIamdokj, msßjeh wvq lsÍug

idkqn, fkdue;s ùu ksid wld¾hlaIu

l¾udka; ìysùu

4' .=Kd;aul núka by< NdKav

ksIamdokh wvqùu

5' ÈhqKq ;dlaIKh ixl%uKh fkdùu

- 69 -

ksmqK;d uÜgu 10'3 ( YS% ,xldfõ úfoaY fjf<|dfï jHqyh yd Wmk;s úu¾Ykh

lrhs'


bf.kqï M, (

• YS% ,xldfõ wmkhk fjf<|du yd wdkhk fjf<|du w¾:l;kh lrhs'

• YS% ,xldfõ wmkhk jHqyfha yd wdkhk jHqyh ieliS we;s whqre úia;r lrhs'

• YS% ,xldfõ wmkhk jHqyfha yd wdkhk jHqyfha Wmk;s ms<sn| ixikaokd;aul

újrKhl fhfohs'


msúiqu (

• YS% ,xldj jeä úfoaY úksuhla Wmhk NdKav yd jeä úfoaY úksuhla jeh

lr ñ,oS .kakd NdKav ms<snoj isiqkaf.ka úuikak'


• YS% ,xldj jeä úfoaY úksuhla frÈms<s yd weÕ¨ï úfoaY fjf<|fmd<g

wf,ú lsÍfuka Wmhk nj'

^2009 uy nexl= jd¾;dj wkqj&

• YS% ,xldj jeä úfoaY úksuhla jeh lrkafka Lksc f;,a úfoaY fjf<|fmdf<ka

ñ, § .ekSug nj'


• fï wdldrhg YS% ,xldj NdKav yd fiajd rdYshla wmkhk yd wdkhk lrk

nj'

• isiqka iqÿiq mßÈ lKavdhï lr bf.kqï i|yd fhdað; Wmfoia ,nd §

ls%hdldrlfuys fhdojkak'

- 70 -

bf.kqu i|yd fhdað; Wmfoia (bf.kqu i|yd fhdað; Wmfoia (bf.kqu i|yd fhdað; Wmfoia (bf.kqu i|yd fhdað; Wmfoia (bf.kqu i|yd fhdað; Wmfoia (

• my; i|yka ud;Dld w;=ßka Tn lKavdhug ,efnk ud;Dldj flfrys wjOdkh

fhduq lrkak'

• wdkhk fjf<|du

• wmkhk fjf<|du

• Tng ,eî we;s ud;Dldj y÷kd.ekSu i|yd lKavdhï idlÉPdjla fufyhjkak'

• ud;Dldjg wod< ixrpl fm< .iajkak'

• tu ixrplj,g wod< idfmalaI odhl;ajh m%;sY;d;aul j fmkajkak'

• ld,hla ;=< wod< ixrplj, odhl;ajh iy jHqyfha isÿ ù we;s fjkiaùï

bÈßm;a lrkak'

• tu fjkiaùïj,g n,mE lreKq meyeÈ,s lrkak'

• Tfí wkdjrK iuia; mx;shg m%ia;dr" m%;sY;l iy j.= Ndú;fhka ks¾udKYS,Sj

bÈßm;a lsÍug iQodkï jkak'


• hï rgla f,dalfha fjk;a rgj,aj,ska NdKav yd fiajd ñ, § .ekSu wdkhk

fjf<|du nj'

ksoiqka (ksoiqka (ksoiqka (ksoiqka (ksoiqka ( YS% ,xldj bkaÈhdfjka fudag¾ r: ñ, § .ekSu

• lsishï rgla f,dalfha fjk;a rgj,g NdKav yd fiajd wf,ú lsÍu wmkhk

fjf<|du nj'

ksoiqka (ksoiqka (ksoiqka (ksoiqka (ksoiqka ( YS% ,xldj weußld tlai;a ckmohg f;a wf,ú lsÍu

• YS% ,xldfõ wdkhk jHqyh my; mßÈ oelaúh yels nj'

• mdßfNda.sl NdKav

• wka;¾ NdKav

• wdfhdack NdKav

• j¾. fkdl< wdkhk


• tu wdkhk jHqyh my; mßÈ m%;sY;d;aul j oelaúh yels nj'

• mdßfNda.sl NdKav - 19'3]

• wka;¾ NdKav - 55'55]

• wdfhdack NdKav - 24]

• j¾. fkdl< wdkhk - 1'1]


- 71 -

• wdkhkh lrk mdßfNda.sl NdKavj,g ksoiqka my; mßÈ fmkaúh yels nj'

• iy,a" iSks" ;sßÕ=" lsßmsá

• fm!oa.,sl fudag¾ r:

• úÿ,s WmlrK

• wdkhkh lrk wka;¾ NdKavj,g ksoiqka my; mßÈ fmkaúh yels nj'

• Lksc f;,a

• fmdfydr

• ridhksl øjH

• frÈms<s yd weÕ¨ï

• wdkhkh lrk wdfhdack NdKavj,g ksoiqka my; mßÈ fmkaúh yels nj'

• hka;% iQ;% yd WmlrK

• m%jdyk WmlrK

• f.dvke.s,s øjH

• 1977 isg 2009 wdkhk jHqyh olajd ld,Sk jYfhka fjkia ù we;s wdldrh my;

mßÈ fmkaúh yels nj'

wdkhk jHqyhwdkhk jHqyhwdkhk jHqyhwdkhk jHqyhwdkhk jHqyh

mdßfNda.sl NdKav

wka;¾ NdKav

wdfhdack NdKav

fjk;a

19771977197719771977

42]

45]

12]

1]

20092009200920092009

19]

56]

24]

1]

^by; f;dr;=re 2009 uy nexl= jd¾;dj wkqj bÈßm;a lr we;s w;r" wdikak

j¾Ihl uy nexl= jd¾;dj mßYS,kh lrñka by; mßÈ wjYH f;dr;=re isiqkag

,nd fokak'&

wka;¾ NdKavwka;¾ NdKavwka;¾ NdKavwka;¾ NdKavwka;¾ NdKav

fndrf;,a

wfkl=;a Lksc f;,a ksIamdok

frÈms<s

fmdfydr

lvodis

wfkl=;a wka;¾ NdKav

19771977197719771977

23]

2]

3]

1]

1]

15]

20092009200920092009

10]

12]

14]

2]

2]

16]

- 72 -

• YS% ,xldfõ wmkhk jHqyh my; f,i oelaúh yels nj'

• lDIsld¾ñl wmkhk

• ld¾ñl wmkhk

• Lksc øjH wmkhk

• j¾. fkdl< wmkhk

^2009 uy nexl= jd¾;djg wkqj&

• tu wmkhk jHqyhka my; mßÈ m%;sY;d;aul j oelaúh yels nj'

• lDIsld¾ñl wmkhk 23'9]

• ld¾ñl wmkhk 74'9]

• Lksc øjH wmkhk 1'3]


• wmkhk lrk lDIsld¾ñl NdKavj,g ksoiqka my; mßÈ fmkaúh yels nj'

• f;a" rn¾" fmd,a" wfkl=;a lDIsld¾ñl wmkhk

• wmkhk lrk ld¾ñl NdKavj,g ksoiqka my; mßÈ fmkaúh yels nj'

• wdydr mdk j¾. yd ÿïfld<

• frÈms<s yd weÕ¨ï

• Lksc ksIamdÈ;

• rn¾ ksIamdÈ;

• msÕka ksIamdÈ;

• iï" .uka u¨ yd mdjyka

• hka;% iQ;% yd WmlrK

• Èhuka;s yd iaj¾KdNrK

• wfkl=;a ld¾ñl wmkhk

• wmkhk lrk Lksc wmkhkj,g ksoiqka my; mßÈ oelaúh yels nj

• ueKsla

• wfkl=;a wdfhdack NdKav wmkhk

• 1977 isg 2009 olajd wmkhk jHqyh ld,Sk jYfhka fjkia ù we;s wdldrh my;

mßÈ fmkaúh yels nj

wmkhk jHqyhwmkhk jHqyhwmkhk jHqyhwmkhk jHqyhwmkhk jHqyh

lDIsld¾ñl NdKav

ld¾ñl NdKav

fjk;a

19771977197719771977

79]

14]

7]

20092009200920092009

24]

75]

1]

- 73 -

•ld¾ñl NdKav wmkhkh úia;rd;aul j oelafjk nj

• by; i|yka Wmk;sj,g n, mE fya;=j,g ksoiqkaa my; ioyka nj

• wmkhk fnda.j, ñ, WÉpdjpkh

• wmkhk mßudj wvqùu

• f,dal fjf<|fmd< ;=< mej;s oeä wúksYaÑ;;dj

• wmkhk Èßu;a lsÍug rch úiska .;a fkdfhla ls%hdud¾.

• iajNdúl ksIamdok ksid f.da,Sh b,a¨u j¾Okh ùu

• YS% ,xldfõ weÕ¨ï Wiia ;;a;ajfha msysàu yd ta ms<sn| cd;Hka;r úYajdih

Èkd .ekSu

• f.da,Sh wd¾Ól wjmd;h

ld¾ñl NdKavld¾ñl NdKavld¾ñl NdKavld¾ñl NdKavld¾ñl NdKav

frÈms<s yd we.¿ï

Lksc f;,a ksIamdok

wfkl=;a ld¾ñl NdKav

wdydrmdk yd ÿïfld,

Èhuka;s yd iaj¾KdNrK

rn¾ ksIamdok

19771977197719771977

2]

9]

3]

-

-

-

20092009200920092009

46]

2]

6]

6]

5]

5]

- 74 -

ksmqK;d uÜgu 10'4 ( fjf<| wkqmd;h weiqßka úfoaY fjf<|dfï wd¾Ól m%;súmdl

úuihs'


bf.kqï M, (

• fjf<| wkqmd;h hkak w¾: olajhs'

• NdKav fjf<| wkqmd;h kï lr .Kkh lr fmkajhs'

• NdKav fjf<| wkqmd;fhys wd¾Ól m%;súmdl úia;r lrhs'

• wdodhï fjf<| wkqmd;h kï lr .Kkh lr fmkajhs'

• wdodhï fjf<| wkqmd;fhys wd¾Ól m%;súmdl úia;r lrhs'

• wdikak uy nexl= jd¾;d weiqfrka YS% ,xldfõ NdKav fjf<| wkqmd;h;a wdodhï

fjf<| wkqmd;h;a ms<sn| uE;ld,Sk f;dr;=re bÈßm;a lrhs'


• wmkhk NdKav tallhlska .; yels wdkhk NdKav m%udKh fjf<| wkqmd;h

nj'

• fjf<| wkqmd; j¾. m%Odk fldgia folla nj'

• NdKav fjf<| wkqmd;h

• wdodhï fjf<| wkqmd;h

• wmkhkj, wdkhk yelshdj fyj;a l%h Yla;sh uekSug ilikq ,enQ o¾Ylh

NdKav fjf<| wkqmd;h nj'

• wmkhk ñ, o¾Ylh wdkhk ñ, o¾Ylfhka fnod th ishfhka .=K lsÍfuka

NdKav fjf<| wkqmd;h .Kkh l< yels nj'

• fjf<| wkqmd;h j¾Okh jkúg wd¾Ól ixj¾Okhg ys;lr jk nj'

• NdKav fjf<| wkqmd;h msßySu ixj¾Okhg wys;lr jk nj'

• NdKav fjf<| wkqmd;fhka rgl wdkhk l%h Yla;sh uekúka ms<sônq fkdjk

nj'

• wmkhk wdodhfuys wdkhk l%h Yla;sh uekSu i|yd ms<sfh, lrk o¾Ylh

wdodhï fjf<| wkqmd;h nj'

• rgl NdKav fjf<| wkqmd;h tys wmkhk mßud o¾Ylfhka .=Kl< úg wdodhï

fjf<| wkqmd;h .Kkh l< yels nj'

I = wdodhï fjf<| wkqmd;h

Px

= wmkhk ñ, o¾Ylh

Pm

= wdkhk ñ, o¾Ylh

Qx

= wmkhk mßud o¾Ylh

• m%d.aOk NdKav wdkhk lsÍfï yelshdj fndfydaÿrg r|d mj;skafka wdodhï

fjf<| wkqmd;h u;h tu ksid ÈhqKq fjñka mj;sk rgj, wjYHfhka u

wdodhï fjf<| wkqmd;h by< hd hq;= nj'

I =P

x

Pm

X Qx

- 75 -

ksmqK;d uÜgu 10'5 ( f.jqï fYaI f,aLkhl wka;¾.;h úYaf,aIKh lrñka tys

wdlD;shla ms<sfh, lrhs'


bf.kqï M, (

• f.jqï fYaI ixl,amh w¾: olajhs'

• f.jqï fYaI f,aLkfha ixrpl ksoiqka olajñka meyeÈ,s lrhs'

• l,ams; o;a; we;=<;a lrñka f.jqï fYaI f,aLkhla ms<sfh, lrhs'

• f.jqï fYaI f,aLkhl we;=<;a ixrplhka ys wka;¾ n,mEu ú.%y lrhs'


msúiqu (

• ksjig wdodhï ,efnk ud¾. yd tu wdodhï jehlrk wdldrh ms<sn| isiqkaf.ka

úuikak'

• my; lreKq u;= lrñka idlÉPdjla fufyhjkak'

• ksjig my; i|yka wdldrfha ud¾.j,ska wdodhï ,efnk nj'

• ksfjia ysñhkaf.a jegqma

• bvlvïj,ska ,efnk wdodhï

• nexl=j, ;ekam;=j,ska ,efnk fmd,sh

• /lshdjg wu;r j lrk úúO jHdmdr lghq;=j,ska ,efnk wdodhu

• ksjig ,efnk wdodhu my; mßÈ úúO NdKav yd fiajd mßyrKhg jeh lrk

nj'

• wdydr iy we÷ï me<÷ï ñ, § .ekSug

• wOHdmk lghq;=j,g

• .uka ìuka hdug

• úÿ,s ì,am;a" c, ì,am;a" yd ÿrl:k ì,a hkdÈh f.ùug

• ksjig ,efnk wdodhï yd jehlrk úhoï iei£fuka wjidkfha b;sßhla o

ysÕhla o hkak fidhd .; yels nj'

• fï wdldrhg rgla úfoaY .kqfokqj,ska ,efnk wdodhï iy úhoï .sKqïlrk

mámdáhg wkqj jd¾;d lr wjidk m%;sM,h fidhd.; yels nj'


fhdojkak'

- 76 -


• YS% ,xldfõ úfoaY fjf<|du yd iïnkaO f;dr;=re lsysmhla my; oela fõ' ta

w;=ßka Tfí lKavdhug ,efnk f;dr;=re ldKavh flfrys wjOdkh fhduq

lrkak'

"tatatatata" ldKavhldKavhldKavhldKavhldKavh

whs;uhwhs;uhwhs;uhwhs;uhwhs;uh jákdlu ^re' oi,laI&jákdlu ^re' oi,laI&jákdlu ^re' oi,laI&jákdlu ^re' oi,laI&jákdlu ^re' oi,laI&

wdydr yd mdk j¾. wdkhkh 200

f;a wmkhkh 100

frÈms<s iy we.¿ï wmkhkh 500

frÈms<s wdkhkh 300

fmdfydr wdkhkh 400

ueKsla yd iaj¾KdNrK wmkhk 50

fndrf;,a wdkhkh 200

f.dvke.s,s øjH wdkhkh 50

rn¾ wmkhkh 100

Lksc f;,a ksIamdÈ; wmkhkh 100

fmd,a wmkhkh 50

"îîîîî" ldKavhldKavhldKavhldKavhldKavh

whs;uhwhs;uhwhs;uhwhs;uhwhs;uh jákdlu ^re' oi,laI&jákdlu ^re' oi,laI&jákdlu ^re' oi,laI&jákdlu ^re' oi,laI&jákdlu ^re' oi,laI&

.=jka fiajdj,ska ,enQ wdodhu 500

úfoaY kdúl hd;%dj,g fiajh ,nd §u 300

YS% ,xldfõ fjk;a jrdh myiqlï ,nd §u 200

cd;Hka;r ikaksfõok moaO;sj, fiajh ,nd .ekSu 1000

úfoaY fydag,a yd wdmkYd,d myiqlï ,nd .ekSu 100

YS% ,xldfjka fydag,a yd wdmkYd,d myiqlï ,nd §u 100

- 77 -

"iSiSiSiSiS" ldKavhldKavhldKavhldKavhldKavh

whs;uhwhs;uhwhs;uhwhs;uhwhs;uh jákdlu ^re' oi ,laI&jákdlu ^re' oi ,laI&jákdlu ^re' oi ,laI&jákdlu ^re' oi ,laI&jákdlu ^re' oi ,laI&

YS% ,xldj úfoaYhka g f.jQ fmd,S wdodhu 600

ueofmrÈ. fiajh lrk YS% ,dxlsl ldka;djla ;u

orejkg tjk ,o jegqm 500

YS% ,dxlslfhla úfoaY jHdmdrhl uqo,a wdfhdackh 1300

iqkdñ jHjikh ksid wm rgg ,enqKq mß;Hd. 100

úfoaYslhska YS% ,xldfõ jHdmdr fldgia ñ, § .ekSu 200

W;=re kef.kysr ixj¾Okhg úfoY wdOdr ,eîu 300

úfoaY rgl Ôj;ajk wfkajdislhkag hjk uqo,a mß;Hd. 100

YS% ,xldfjka fjk;a rglg lrkq ,nk mß;Hd. 300

• Tng ,eî we;s f;dr;=re ldKavfhka YS% ,xldjg úfoaY úksuh ,efnk .Kqfokq

,ehsia;= .; lr uq¿ úfoaY úksuh ,eîï .Kkh lrkak'

• YS% ,xldjg úfoaY úksuh jehjk .Kqfokq ,ehsia;=jla ilia lr uq¿ úfoaY

úksuh f.ùï .Kkh lrkak'

• by; .Kkh l< úfoaY úksuh ,eîï yd f.ùï ii|ñka wjidk fYaIh .Kkh

lrkak'

• Tfí wkdjrK iuia; mx;shg ks¾udKYS,S j bÈßm;a lsÍug iQodkï jkak'


• f,dalfha tla rgla f,dalfha fiiq rgj,a iu. lrkq ,nk ishü .Kqfokq

,eîï iy f.ùï f,i igyka lrkq ,nk f,aLkh f.jqï fYaI f,aLkh nj'

• fuh oaú;aj igyka ^fYaI m;%hl wdlD;sh .kakd ksid& f,i .sKqï ;eîu ksid

f.jqï ;=,k f,aLkh jYfhkao y÷kajk nj'

• f.jqï fYaI f,aLkh m%Odk .sKqï follska iukaú; jk nj'

• cx.u .sKqu

• m%d.aOk yd uQ,H .sKqu

• cx.u .sKqu kej; m%Odk .sKqï y;rlg fnok nj'

• fjf<| .sKqu ^NdKav .sKqu&

• fiajd .sKqu îdOl fkdjk fiajd .sKqu&

• wdodhï .sKqu îdOl fiajd .sKqu&

• j¾;k ixl%du .sKqu ^ks, yd fm!oa.,sl ixl%du .sKqu&

• f,dalfha tla rgla f,dalfha fiiq rgj,a iu. isÿlrk NdKav wmkhk yd

wdkhkh ms<sn|j f;dr;=re igyka lrk .sKqu fjf<| .sKqu ke;fyd;a oDIH

NdKav .sKqu hkqfjka ye¢kafjk nj'

- 78 -

• fuu .sKqfï fYaIh fjf<| fYaIh jYfhka ye¢kafjk w;r th Ok fyda RK

w.hla .kakd nj'

• wka;¾cd;sl fjf<|dfï § tla rgla ;j;a rgj,a iu. idOl fkdjk fiajd

i|yd lrkq ,nk úhoï iy ,efnk wdodhï igyka lrk .sKqu fiajd .sKqu

jYfhka ye¢kafjk nj'

• fuu .sKqfï fYaIh Ok fyda RK w.hla .; yels nj'

• wka;¾cd;sl fjf<|dfï § idOl wdodhï ,eîï yd idOl wdodhï f.ùï ms<sn|

igyka ;nk .sKqu wdodhï .sKqu jYfhka ye¢kafjk nj'

• .Dyfiaúldjka úfoaY.; ù tjkq ,nk jegqma fuu .sKqug we;=<;a fkdùu

úfYaI ldrKhla nj'

• fuu .sKqfï ,eîï yd f.ùï w;r fYaIh Ok fyda RK w.hla .; yels w;r th

úfoaY Y=oaO idOl wdodhu f,i ye¢kafjk nj'

• f,dalfha rgj,a iu. iïnkaOlï mj;ajkúg tla rgla f,dalfha ;j;a rglg

lrkq ,nk mß;Hd. rchlska ;j;a rchlg jkafka kï th ks, ixl%du jYfhka

ye¢kafjk nj'

• tfuka u lsishï rgl mqrjeishl= úfoaY .; jQ úg ;u kEoE" ys; ñ;%d§kag tjkq

,nk ;udf.a jegqm fm!oa.,sl ixl%duhla f,i ie,lsh yels nj'

• fï wkqj cx.u ixl%du" ks, ixl%du yd fm!oa.,sl ixl%du jYfhka fldgia

follg fnfok nj'

• by; .sKqï y;f¾ tl;=j cx.u .sKqfï fYaIh nj'

• th Ok fyda RK w.hla .; yels nj'

• m%d.aOk .sKqfï igyka jkafka m%d.aOk ixl%du nj'

• uQ,H .sKqu È.=ld,Sk yd fláld,Sk jYfhka m%Odk fldgia follg fnfok

nj'

• È.=ld,Sk uQ,H .sKqug iDcq wdfhdack" fm!oa.,sl È.=ld,Sk ^Y=oaO& iy rcfha

È.=ld,Sk ^Y=oaO& wh;a jk nj'

• fláld,Sk uQ,H .sKqug my; i|yka oE wh;a jk nj'

• úúO wdfhdack ^Y=oaO&

• fm!oa.,sl fláld,Sk ^Y=oaO&

• jdKsc nexl= j;alï ^Y=oaO&

• jdKsc nexl= j.lSï ^Y=oaO&

• rcfha fláld,Sk ^Y=oaO&

• úfYaI .eKqï ysñlï^ú'.e'ys' &

• w.h .Kkh lsÍfï .e<mSu jerÈ iy w;ayeÍï .e<mQúg f.jqï fYaIfha iuia;

fYaIh ilia lr .; yels nj'

- 79 -

f.jqï fYaI f,aLkh

cx.u .sKqu m%d.aOk yd uQ,H .sKqu

NdKav .sKqu

^fjf<| .sKqu&

fiajd .sKqu wdodhï .sKqu ixl%du .sKqum%d.aOk

ixl%du

È.= ld,SkÈ.= ld,SkÈ.= ld,SkÈ.= ld,SkÈ.= ld,Sk

• iDcq wdfhdack

• fm!oa.,sl

È.=ld,Sk ^Y=oaO&

• rcfha È.=ld,Sk

^Y=oaO&

flá ld,Skflá ld,Skflá ld,Skflá ld,Skflá ld,Sk

• úúO wdfhdack

• fm!oa.,sl fláld,Sk

^Y=oaO&

• jdKsc nexl= j;alï

^Y=oaO&

• jdKsc nexl= j.lSï

^Y=oaO&

• rcfha fláld,Sk

^Y=oaO&

NdKav

wmkhk

,eîï

NdKav

wdkhk

f.ùï

,eîï f.ùï ,eîï f.ùï ks,

ixl%du

^Y=oaO&

fm!oa.,sl

ixl%du

^Y=oaO&

cx.u .sKqfï

fYaIh

fjf<| fYaIh fiajd .sKqfï

fYaIh

ixl%du .sKqfï

fYaIh+ + +

wdodhï .sKqfï

fYaIh

+

iuia; fYaIh

m%d.aOk yd uQ,H

.sKqï fYaIhw.h .Kkh lsÍfï

.e<mSu jerÈ iy w;ayeÍï

úfYaI .eKqï ysñlu

+

- 80 -

ksmqK;d uÜgu 10'6 ( úfoaY .Kqfokq wd¾Ólhg we;s lrk n,mEu YS% ,xldfõ f.jqï

fYaI f,aLkh weiqfrka ú.%y lrhs'


bf.kqï M, (

• uy nexl= jd¾Isl jd¾;dj ;=<ska f.jqï fYaIfha uE;ld,Sk Wmk;s meyeÈ,s lrhs'

• f.jqï fYaI f,aLkfha fjf<| fYaIh" cx.u .sKqfï fYaIh iy iuia; fYaIfha

Wmk;s úYaf,aIKh lrhs'

• tu .sKqïj, Ok fYaIhka w.h lrñka RK fYaIhka wju lr .ekSug fhdackd

bÈßm;a lrhs'


• f.jqï fYaI f,aLkhl iuia; .sKqfï fYaIh w;sßla;hla fyda ysÕhla mej;Su

f.jqï fYaI wiu;=,s;;djhla f,i ye¢kafjk nj'

• uy nexl= jd¾Isl jd¾;dj ;=<ska YS% ,xldfõ f.jqï fYaIfha uE;ld,Sk Wmk;s

mrSlaId l<yels nj'

• f.jqï fYaI w;sßla;hl wd¾Ól m%;súmdl j,g ksoiqka my; oelafjk nj'

• úfoaY ixÑ; by< hdu

• wdkhk i|yd úfoaY ixÑ; m%udKj;a ld,h §¾> ùu

• uqo,a iemhqu flfrys m%idrKd;aul n,mEï we;sùu

• WoaOukhlg bvlv ie,iSu

• úfoaY úksuh wkqmd;slh wê;lafiare ùu

• wmkhk ;r.ldÍ;ajh ÿ¾j,ùu

• f.jqï fYaI ysÕhl wd¾Ól m%;súmdl ksoiqka my; oelafjk nj'

• úfoaY ixÑ; my< hdu

• uqo,a iemhqfï ixfldapkd;aul n,mEu

• úksuh wkqmd;slh laIh ùu

• wdrlaIKjd§ m%;sm;a;s lrd fhduqùu

• úfoaY Kh by< hdu

- 81 -

• f.jqï fYaI ysÕh mshjd .ekSu i|yd úúO ls%hdud¾. wkq.ukh l<

yels nj'

ksoiqkA (

• j¾;k .sKqfï ysÕh mshjd .ekSug m%d.aOk yd uQ,H .sKqfï iïm;a fhdod

.ekSu

• iuia; fYaIfha ysÕh mshjd .ekSu i|yd È.=ld,Sk ls%hdud¾. .ekSu'

• wdkhk wdfoaYkh

• wmkhk úúOdx.SlrKh

• úfoaY wdfhdack ,nd .ekSu

• úksuh wkqmd; wjm%udKh

• ixrpl úksuh wkqmd; l%uh

^uy nexl= jd¾Isl jd¾;d weiqfrka YS% ,xldfõ f.jqï fYaIfha ld,Sk

f;dr;=re iy Wmk;s ms<snoj isiqka oekqj;a lrkak'&

- 82 -

ksmqK;d uÜgu 10'7 ( úfoaY úksuh wkqmd;slh ;SrKh ùu iy tys m%;súmdl

úu¾Ykh lrhs'


bf.kqï M, (

• úfoaY úksuh fjf<|fmd< iy úfoaY úksuh wkqmd;slh w¾: olajhs'

• úfoaY úksuh wkqmd;sl j¾.SlrKh lrñka tajd ú.%y lrhs'

• úúO úksuh wkqmd;sl Ndú;h ;=<ska we;sjk wd¾Ól m%;súmdl meyeÈ,s lrhs'

• úksuh wkqmd;sl WÉpdjpk rgl f.jqï fYaIh flfrys we;s lrk n,mEu

fln÷oehs úu¾Ykh lrhs'

• rgla ;=< uqo, wjm%udKh ùu iy m%;sm%udKh jk wdldrh ksoiqka iys; j

meyeÈ,s lrhs'

• úksuh wkqmd;slh laIhùu yd w.h jeäùu ksoiqka weiqfrka meyeÈ,s lrhs'


• úúO rgj, uqo,a j¾. yqjudre jk fjf<|fmd<" úfoaY úksuh fjf<|fmd< nj'

• tla rgl uqo,a tallhla ;j;a rgl uqo,a tallhla iu. yqjudre jk wkqmd;h

úksuh wkqmd;h nj'

• YS% ,xldfõ tla tla ld,jljdkqj, my; i|yka úúO úksuh wkqmd;slhka

Ndú; lr we;s nj'

• ia:djr úksuh wkqmd;slh

• mdfjk úksuh wkqmd;slh

• md,s; kuH úksuh wkqmd;slh

• úksuh wjm%udKhla yd m%;sm%udKhla isÿúh yels nj'

• úksuh wjm%udKhla hkq foaYSh jHdjydr uqo,a tallfha ndysr w.h fyj;a úfoaY

jHjydr uqo,aj,ska flfrk ;lafiarej my; jeàu nj'

• m%;sm%udKh hkq wjm%udKfha m%;súreoaO ls%hdj,sh nj'

• wj m%udKh yd m%;sm%udKh ia:djr úksuh wkqmd;sl l%uh ;=< isÿjk nj'

• úksuh wkqmd;sl laIhùu hkq" kuH úksuh wkqmd; l%uhla hgf;a foaYSh uqo,a

tallhla ñ,g .ekSu i|yd f.úh hq;= úfoaY uqo,a tall m%udKh wvqùulaa fyda

úfoaY uqo,a tallhla ñ,g .ekSu i|yd f.úh hq;= foaYSh uqo,a tall m%udKh

jeäùula nj'

- 83 -

ksoiqka (

• weußld fvd,rhl .ekqï ñ, YS% ,xld remsh,a 100 isg 150 olajd by< hdu

fyda YS% ,xld remsh,l .ekqï ñ, weußld fvd,¾ 0'01 isg 0'0067 olajd my< hdu

• úksuh wkqmd;slfha w.h jeäùu hkq" úksuh wkqmd;slh laIhùfï m%;súreoaO

ls%hdj,sh nj'

ksoiqka (

• weußld fvd,rhl .ekqï ñ, YS% ,xld remsh,a 150 isg 100 olajd my< hdu

fyda YS% ,xld remsh,l .ekqï ñ, weußld fvd,¾ 0'0067 isg 0'01 olajd by< hdu

• tla tla rgj, wNHka;r WoaOuk wkqmd;slh úksuh wkqmd;slh flfrys ie,lsh

hq;= n,mEula we;s lrk nj'

• kdñl úksuh wkqmd;slh hkq" tla tla úfoaY uqo,a j¾. iu. foaYSh jHjydr

uqo,a yqjudre wkqmd;h fjka fjka j m%ldY lr ta wkqj uqof,a ndysr w.h

fjkiaùu uek oelaùu nj'

• uQ¾; úksuh wkqmd;slh hkq" rgj,a foll ñ, uÜgï w;r fjkialï i|yd

.<mk ,o kdñl úksuh wkqmd;slh nj'

• rgj,a w;r uqo,a tall u; isÿ lrk fjf<|dfï idfmalaI m%udK wkqj nr

;nd ieliQ úksuh wkqmd; kdñl iM, úksuh wkqmd;slh nj'

• uQ¾; iM, úksuh wkqmd;slh hkq tfia nr ;nd ilik ,o úksuh wkqmd;slfhka

WoaOukfha n,mEu bj;a lr ilik ,o úksuh wkqmd;slh nj'

• uQ¾; úksuh wkqmd;h by< hdfuka fmkajkafka o úksuh wkqmd;slh wê ;lafiare

ùula nj'

• my; ±lafjk fldkafoais j,g hg;aj úksuh wkqmd;slfha w.h wvqùug bv§fuka

fjf<| fYaIh yd j¾;k .sKqu hym;a lr .; yels nj'

• wmkhk b,a¨u kuH ùu

• wdkhk b,a¨u kuH ùu

• foaYSh ñ, uÜgï ia:djrj ;sîu

• wmkhk iemhqï kuH;dj by, uÜgul ;sîu

- 84 -

ksmqK;d uÜgu 10'8 ( úfoaY wdfhdack" rgl wd¾Ólhg n,mdk wdldrh úuihs'


bf.kqï M, (

• úfoaY wdfhdack" w¾: olajñka tjd j¾.SlrKh lrhs'

• úfoaY wdfhdackj, ys;lr iy wys;lr wd¾Ól n,mEï úia;r lrhs'

• úfoaY wdfhdack by< hdu úfoaY j;alï by< hdug n,mdk wdldrh YS% ,xldfõ

o;a; weiqßka úia;r lrhs'


• rgl wdh;khla fyda mqoa.,hl= fyda fjk;a rgl uQ,H j;alï ñ, § .ekSu fyda

kj jHdmdr ìys lsÍu iya mj;akd jHdmdrj, fldgia jeä ixLHdjla ñ, §

.ekSu úfoaY wdfhdack jYfhka ye¢kafjk nj'

• úfoaY wdfhdack m%Odk f;aud folla hgf;a úia;r flfrk nj'

• iDcq wdfhdack

• l<U wdfhdack

• l¾udka; Yd,d" bvï" m%d.aOk NdKav iy f;d. hk wdÈfha isÿ flfrk uQ¾;

wdfhdack iDcq wdfhdack nj'

• iDcq wdfhdackfha § úfoaY m%d.aOkh" l<ukdlrKh iy ;dlaIKh wdfhdackh

lrk rgg .,d tk nj'

• iDcq úfoaY wdfhdackj, § wdfhdað; m%d.aOkfha whs;sh úfoaY wdfhdaclhskag

ysñjk nj'

• l<U wdfhdack hkq úfoaYslhka" foaYSh uqo,ska m%ldYs; uQ,H j.lSïj, uqo,a

wdfhdackh lsrSu nj'

• fldgia" Khlr" jdKsc m;s%ld" NdKavd.dr ì,am;a" iq/l=ïm; iy NdKavd.dr

ne÷ïlr wdÈh l<U wdfhdack i|yd fhdod .kakd" uQ,H j;alïj,g ksoiqka

nj'

• úfoaY wdfhdackj, jdis j,g ksoiqka my; oelafjk nj'

• úfoaY úksuh rgg .,d tau

• f.jqï fYaI ysÕhg ms<s;=rla ùu

• Kh nr by< fkdhdu

- 85 -

• kj ;dlaIKh rgg .,d tau

• m%d.aOkh rgg .,d tau

• l<ukdlrKh rg ;=<g .,d tau

• úfoaY wdfhdackj, wjdis j,g ksoiqka my; oelafjk nj'

• ,dNdxY yd fmd,S úYd, jYfhka msg rgg we§ hdu

• foaYSh wd¾Ól lghq;=j,g whym;a n,mEï t,a,ùu

• m%d.aOk iQlaIu ksIamdok Ys,amSh l%u Ndú;h ksid /lshd wjia:d wysñ ùu

• iajNdúl iïm;a wê mdßfNdackhg ,laùu

• foaYsh l¾udka; wvmK ùu

• rchg nÿ wdodhï kshu f,i fkd,eî hdu

• foaYsh wdfhdaclhska i|yd we;s uqo,a úfoaY jHdmdr fj; we§ hdu

• olaI fiajlhka foaYSh jHdmdrj,ska úfoaY jHdmdr fj; we§ hdu

^uy nexl= jd¾Isl jd¾;d weiqfrka YS% ,xldfõ úfoaY wdfhdackj, ld,Sk

f;dr;=re iy Wmk;s ms<sn| j isiqka oekqj;a lrkak'&

- 86 -

ksmqK;d uÜgu 10'9 ( wka;¾cd;sl wd¾Ól iyfhda.S;djh i|yd ls%hd;aul jk úúO

wd¾Ól ixúOdkj, jeo.;alu úuihs'


bf.kqï M, (

• wd¾Ól taldnoaOùïj, wruqKq ú.%y lrhs'

• wd¾Ól taldnoaOùïj, úúO wjia:d ksoiqka iys; j úia;r lrhs'

• úúO wd¾Ól taldnoaOùïj, mj;sk iqúfYaI ,laIK bÈßm;a lrhs'

• YS% ,xldj iïnkaO j we;s fjf<| .súiqï ksoiqka iys; j meyeÈ,s lrhs'


• tlu cd;shl úúO jQ lKaavdhï w;r fyda cd;sl lKavdhï w;r ;Sre nÿ yd ;Sre

nÿ fkdjk idOlj,ska f;dr j NdKav yd fiajd iy ksIamdok idOl yqjudre lr

.ekSfï ls%hdj,sh wd¾Ól taldnoaOùï jk nj'

• wd¾Ól taldnoaOùïj, wruqKq my; i|yka mßÈ oelaúh yels nj'

• rgj,a w;r ñ, úfYaIs;dj bj;a fldg talSh ñ,la we;s lsÍu

• ;r.ldÍ;ajh jeä lsÍu ;=<ska mdßfNda.slhdg wvq ñ,g NdKav ,nd §u

• f,dal fjf<|du mq¿,a lsÍu ;=<ska rgj, o< foaYSh ksIamdokh by< kexùu

• ld¾hlaIu ksIamdok jHqyhla we;s lr .ekSu ;=<ska by< wd¾Ól m%;s,dN

bmhSu

• f,dalfha cd;Skaf.a iqNidOkh by< kexùu

• nyq md¾Yùh fjf<| yjq,alrejka iu. flaj,a lsÍu

• f.da,ShlrK ls%hdj,sfha § cd;Hka;r ;r.ldÍ;ajh /l .ekSu

• cd;Ska w;r foaYmd,k iïnkaO;d j¾Okh lsÍu

• wd¾Ól taldnoaOùïj, úúO wÈhr my; mßÈ j¾. l< yels nj'

• jrKd;aul fjf<| .súiqï (Perferential Trade Agreements - PTA)

• ksoyia fjf<| l,dm (Free Trade Area - FTA)

• ;srenÿ ix.ï (Custom Unions - CU)

• fmdÿ fjf<|fmd< (Common Markets - CM)

• wd¾Ól iy uQ,H ix.ï (Econmic Unions and Montery Unions - EU & MU)

• mQ¾K wd¾Ól taldnoaO ùï (Fully Economic Intergration - FI)

• idudðl fkdjk cd;Ska w;r fjf<|dfï È Ndú; lrk fjf<| ixfrdaOlj,g

wvq ixfrdaOl hgf;a idudðl rgj,a w;r NdKav yd fiajd yqjudre lr .ekSug

rgj,a tl;= ù we;s lr .kakd ixúOdk jrKSh fjf<| l,dm f,i ye¢kafjk

nj'

- 87 -

• jrKSh fjf<| .súiqïj,g ksoiqka my; oelafjk nj'

• hqfrdamd wd¾Ól l,dmSh .súiqu (European Econmic Area Agreement - EEA)

• bkaÿ we*a.ksia:dka jrKSh fjf<| .súiqu (Preferential Trade Agreement between

The republic of India and the Transitional Islamic State of Afghanistan)

• W;=re weußldkq ksoyia fjf<| .súiqu (North American Free Trade Agreement

- NAFTA )

• idudðl rgj,a idudðl fkdjk rgj,a iu. fjf<|dfï fhfokúg ta ta rfÜ

wNsu;h mßÈ fjf<| ixfrdaOl mj;ajdf.k hdug;a idudðl rgj,a w;r fjf<|du

ixfrdaOlj,ska f;dr j mj;ajdf.k hdug;a rgj,a lSmhla tla ù we;s lr .kakd

ixúOdk ksoyia fjf<| l,dm f,i ye¢kafjk nj'

• ksoyia fjf<| l,dmj,g ksoiqka my; oelafjk nj'

• wms%ldkq ksoyia fjf<| l,dmh (African Free Trade Zone - AFTZ)

• wdishdkq meismsla ksoyia fjf<| l,dmh (Asian Free Trade Area - AFTA)

• uOHu hqfrdamd ksoyia fjf<| l,dmh (Central European Free Trade Agreement

-CEFTA)

• W;=re weußldkq ksoyia fjf<| l,dmh (North American Free Trade Agreement

- NAFTA)

• idudðl rgj,a w;r fjf<|du fjf<| ixfrdaOlj,ska f;dr j mj;ajd f.k

hdu yd idudðl rgj,a iy idudðl fkdjk ndysr rgj,a iu. fjf<|dfï § tl

iudk fjf<| m%;sm;a;shla mj;ajdf.k hdu i|yd;a rgj,a lsysmhla taldnoaO

ù lghq;= lsÍu" ;Srenÿ ix.uhla f,i ie,flk nj'

• ;Srenÿ ix.ïj,g ksoiqka my; oelafjk nj'

• uOHu weußldkq fmdÿ fjf<| fmd< (Central American Common Market -

CACM)

• leßìhka fldñhqksá (Caribbean Community - CAN)

• W;=re weußldkq fldñhqksá (North American Community)

• idudðl rgj,a w;r NdKav yd fiajd fjf<|du ixfrdaOlj,ska f;dr j

mj;ajdf.k hdug;a" idudðl rgj,a idudðl fkdjk rgj,a iu. fjf<|dï

lsÍfï § fmdÿ m%;sm;a;shla wkq.ukh lsÍu;a idudðl rgj,a w;r ksIamdok

idOl ksoyfia ixp,kh lsÍug;a rgj,a taldnoaO ùu fmdÿ fjf<|fmd< f,i

i,lk nj'

- 88 -

• fmdÿ fjf<|fmd< i|yd my; i|yka ksoiqka iemhsh yels nj'

• leßìhka fldñhqksá fmdÿ fjf<|fmd< (The Caribbean Community and Common

Market - CARICOM)

• uOHu weußldkq fmdÿ fjf<|fmd< (Central American Common Market -

CACM)

• uOHu wms%ldkq wd¾Ól iy uQ,H fldñhqksá (Central African Economic and

Monetary Community - CEMAC)

• idudðl rgj,a w;r fjf<|du ixfrdaOlj,ska f;dr j mj;ajd f.k hdug;a"

idudðl rgj,a idudðl fkdjk rgj,a iu. NdKav yd fiajd fjf<|du fmdÿ

m%;sm;a;shla hgf;a mj;ajdf.k hdug;a" idudðl rgj,a w;r Y%uh yd m%d.aOkh

ksoyfia ixp,kh lsÍug;a" idudðl rgj,a w;r tl yd iudk uQ,H m%;sm;a;shla

iy rdcH uQ,H m%;sm;a;shla o ls%hd;aul lsÍug rgj,a lSmhla taldnoaO ùu wd¾Ól

yd uQ,H ix.uhla f,i y÷kajk nj'

• wd¾Ól yd uQ,H ix.ïj,g ksoiqka my; oelafjk nj'

• uOHu wms%ldkq wd¾Ól iy uQ,H ix.uh (Central African Economic and

Monetary Community - CEMAC)

• ngysr wms%ldkq wd¾Ól iy uQ,H ix.uh (Economic Community West African

Staters - ECOWAS)

• hqfrdamd uQ,H iy wd¾Ól ix.uh (Europen Economic and Monetary Union -

EMU)

• idudðl rgj,a w;r iy idudðl fkdjk rgj,a w;r NdKav yd fiajd yqjudrefõ

§ ixfrdaOlj,ska f;dr j lghq;= lsÍug iy ksIamdok idOl yqjudre lsÍfï §

ixfrdaOlj,ska f;dr j lghq;= lsÍug;a idudðl rgj,a w;r talSh uQ,H

m%;sm;a;shla" rdcH uQ,H m%;sm;a;s" jHjia:dodhl" úOdhl" wêlrK iy foaYmd,k

m%;sm;a;shla mj;ajdf.k hdug;a rgj,a taldnoaO ùu mQ¾K taldnoaOùu f,i

i,lk nj'

• wd¾Ól taldnoaOùfï tla;rd wÈhrhla f,i rgj,a fjf<| .súiqïj,g we;=<;a

jk nj'

• fjf<| .súiqï j¾. follg fnÈh yels nj'

• oaú md¾Yùh fjf<| .súiqï

• nyq md¾Yùh fjf<| .súiqï

- 89 -

• rgj,a folla úiska fjf<|du yd uQ,H lghq;= ms<sn| we;s lr .kakd tlÕ;d

.súiqu oaúmd¾Yùh fjf<| .súiqula nj'

• YS% ,xldj we;=<;a ù we;s oaúmd¾Yùh fjf<| .súiqïj,g ksoiqka my; i|yka

jk nj'

• bkaÿ ,xld ksoyia fjf<| .súiqu

• mlsia;dkq YS% ,xld ksoyia fjf<| .súiqu

• YS% ,xldj iy bkaÈhdj iïnkaO ù 1998'12'28 Èk bkaÿ ,xld ksoyia fjf<|

.súiqu w;aika l< w;r th 2000'03'31 Èk isg ls%hd;aul jk nj'

• bkaÿ ,xld ksoyia fjf<| .súiqfï wruqKq my; oelafjk nj'

• iyÔjk wd¾Ól rgdjla mj;ajdf.k hñka forg w;r wd¾Ól iyfhda.S;djh

j¾Okh lsÍu

• forg w;r fjf<| lghq;= ÈhqKq lsÍu msKsi ;r.ldß;ajh w¾:j;a lsÍu i|yd

idOdrK fldkafoais mekùu

• fjf<| lghq;=j, § wfkHdakH j.lSu wdrlaId lr .ekSu

• l,dmfha fjf<| lghq;= i|yd we;s ndOd bj;a lsÍu u.ska wd¾Ól ixj¾Okh

fõ.j;a lsÍu

• bkaÿ ,xld ksoyia fjf<| .súiqfuka YS% ,xldjg ,efnk jdisj,g ksoiqka my;

i|yka jk nj'

• úYd, fjf<|fmd<la ysñùu

• m%jdyk msßjeh wvqùu

• foaYSh fjf<|fmdf<a mdßfNda.sl NdKav ñ, wvqùu

• ksoyia fjf<|dfï jdis ,nd .; yels ùu

• úfoaY wdfhdack úYd, jYfhka YS% ,xldjg .,d tau

• úfoaY wNsfhda.j,g Yla;su;a f,i uqyqK§ug yels ùu

• bkaÈhdfõ ksIamdokh flfrk kj ld¾ñl NdKav wvqñ,g .; yels ùu

• mlsia;dkq YS% ,xld ksoyia fjf<| .súiqu 2002'08'01 Èk w;aika ;enQ w;r 2005

fmnrjdß 09 jk Èfkka miq ls%hd;auljq nj'

• mlsia;dkq YS% ,xld fjf<| .súiqfï wruqKq my; oelafjk nj'

• NdKav fjf<|du mq¿,a lsÍfuka mlsia:dkh;a YS% ,xldj;a w;r wd¾Ól iïnkaO;d

j¾Okh lsÍu

• forfÜ ck;djf.a Ôjk ;;a;ajh kxjd,Su

• oaúmd¾Yùh fjf<|du;a f,dal fjf<|du;a j¾Okh lsÍu yd mq¿,a lsÍu

- 90 -

• mdlsia;dkq YS% ,xld ksoyia fjf<| .súiqfuka YS% ,xldjg ie,fik jdis j,g

ksoiqka my; i|yka nj'

• mdlsia;dkfhka YS% ,xldjg ;Srenÿj,ska f;dr j NdKav wdkhkh l<

yels neúka YS% ,xldj ;=< wdkhk NdKavj, ñ, .Kka my; jeàu

• YS% ,xldfõ ksIamdÈ; NdKav i|yd fjf<|fmd< mq¿,a ùu

• wmkhk úúOdx.SlrKhg wjia:dj ie,iSu

• wuq øjH wvq ñ,g ,nd .; yels ùu

• foaYSh <ore l¾udka; blaukska mßK;Ndjhg m;alr .; yels ùu

• wdfhdack yd fiajd kshqla;s bv m%ia;d mq¿,a ùu

ie,lsh yels nj

• nyq md¾Yùh fjf<| .ssúiqïj,g ksoiqka lSmhla my; i|yka nj'

• fmdÿ wdxYsl ;dlaIKsl yd wd¾Ól iyfhda.S;djh Wfoid fnx.d, fndlafla

rgj, uQ,sl;ajh (BIMSTEC)

• ol=Kq wdishdkq ksoyia fjf<| .súiqu (SAFTA)

• wdishd meismsla fjf<| .súiqu (APTA)

• W;=re weußldkq ksoyia fjf<| .súiqu (NAFTA)

• fnx.d, foaYh" bkaÈhdj" ñhkaudrh" YS% ,xldj" ;dhs,ka;h" fkamd,h iy

N+;dkh hk rgj,a fmdÿ wdxYsl ;dlaIKsl yd wd¾Ól iyfhda.S;djh Wfoid

fnx.d, fndlafla rgj, uQ,sl;ajfhys(Bay of Bengal Initiative for Mulit Sectoral

Technical and Economic Cooperation -BIMSTEC) iudðl rgj,aa nj

• fmdÿ wdxYsl ;dlaIKsl yd wd¾Ól iyfhda.S;djh Wfoid fnx.d, fndlafla

rgj, uQ,sl;ajfh(BIMSTEC) ys jeä jeo.;alula Èh hq;= wxY .Kkdjla

y÷kdf.k ;snQ w;r tu wxY my; oelafjk nj'

• fjf<|du wdfhdackh

• ;dlaIKh

• m%jdykh yd ikaksfõokh

• n,Yla;sh

• ixpdrl l¾udka;h

• c,c iïm;a

- 91 -

• 1985 j¾Ifha § nx.,dfoaYh" N+;dkh" bkaÈhdj" ud,Èjhsk" fkamd,h"

mdlsia;dkh iy YS% ,xldj hk rgj,a tla ù ol=Kq wdishdkq l,dmSh iyfhda.S;d

ix.uh fyj;a id¾la ixjsOdkh msysg jQ nj'

• id¾la ixúOdkhg iïnkaO rgj,a úiska ol=Kq wdishdkq jrKSh fjf<|

.súiqu (South Asian Preferential Trade Agreement - SAPTA) 1995 j¾Ifha È we;s

lr .;a nj'

• id¾la ixúOdkhg wh;a rgj,a w;r wd¾Ól iyfhda.S;dj we;s lr .ekSug;a

fjf<|du ÈhqKq lsÍug;a 2001 j¾Ifha § ol=Kq wdishdkq ksoyia fjf<| ix.uh

(South Asian Free Trade Association - SAFTA) msysg jQ nj'

• ol=Kq wdishdkq ksoyia fjf<| ix.ufha wruqKq my; i|yka mßÈ jk nj'

• fjf<| ndOl bj;a lsÍu yd foaY iSudj yryd flfrk fjf<| .Kqfokq

i|yd myiqlï iemhSu

• idudðl rgj, wd¾Ól uÜgï yd tajdfha wd¾Ól ixj¾Ok rgd ie,ls,a,g

.ksñka ksoyia idOdrK fjf<|dula we;s lsÍu iy fjf<|dfï jdis iudk

f,i ta rgj,a w;r fn§ hdug ie,eiaùu

• .súiqu ls%hd;aul lsÍu tys lghq;= we.hSu iy we;sjk wdrjq,a úi|d .ekSu

i|yd M,odhS hdka;%Khla we;s lsÍu

• .súiqfï m%;s,dN wkd.;fha § jHdma; lsÍug;a jeä lsÍug;a wjYH l,dmSh

iyfhda.S;d jevms<sfj,la ia:dmkh lsÍu

• ol=Kq wdishdkq ksoyia fjf<| ix.ufh .súiqu ls%hd;aul jkafka my; oelafjk

WmlrK yh u; nj'

• fjf<|du ksoyia lsÍfï jevigyk

• m%Njia:dk kS;s

• wdh;ksl jevms<sfj,

• WmfoaYkh iy wdrjq,a iukh lsÍfï hdka;%Kh

• wdrlaIK ls%hd ms<sfj;a

• .súis fjk;a WmlrK

• ol=Kq wdishdkq ksoyia fjf<| ix.uh iïnkaOfhka mek ke.S we;s .eg¿j,g

ksoiqka my; i|yka nj'

• l,dmh ;=< foaYmd,k tlÕ;djh wvqùu

• idudðl rgj,a fndfyduhla iudk NdKav ksmoùu

- 92 -

• mßmd,k iy foaYmd,k ixfrdaOl

• l,dmSh rgj,a w;r by< ;Srenÿ wkqmd;sl mej;Su

• weußld tlai;a ckmoh" lekvdj iy fulaisfldaj hk rgj,a tla ù W;=re

wefußldkq ksoyia fjf<| .súiqu (North American Free Trade Agreement -

NAFTA) 1993 j¾Ifha § w;aika l< w;r 1994'01'01 Èk isg th ls%hd;aul jQ nj

• W;=re weußldkq ksoyia fjf<| .súiqfï wruqKq my; oelafjk nj'

• ;Sre nÿ yd ;Sre nÿ fkdjk ixfrdaOl bj;a lsÍu

• .súiqug iïnkaO rgj,a w;r wdfhdack ixp,khg we;s ndOl bj;a lsÍu

• l,dmh ;=< fjf<|du m%j¾Okh lsÍu

• .súiqug iïnkaO rgj,a w;r wd¾Ól iyfhda.S;dj j¾Okh lsÍu

• uq¿ W;=re weußldj ;=< NdKav iy fiajd fjf<|du iïmQ¾Kfhka ksoyia

ùug fuu .súiqu fya;= jQ w;r ta ksid NdKav ñ, wvqùu yd .súiqug we;=<;a

rgj, fjf<|du fo.=K jQ nj'

• wdishd meismsla l,dmhg wh;a rgj,a 18 la tla ù wdishd meismsla wd¾Ól

iyfhda.S;dj (Asia Pacific Economic Cooperation - APEC) 1993 j¾Ifha mgka

wdrïN l< nj'

• cmdkh" Ökh" ol=Kq fldßhdj" ;dhs,ka;h" bkaÿkSishdj" ms,smSkh" nDDkdhs"

memqjd ksõ.sks" Ñ,S" iafÜ%,shdj" lekvdj" weußld tlai;a ckmoh" fulaisfldaj

iy kjiS,ka;h hkd § rgj,a wdishd meismsla wd¾Ól iyfhda.S;dj ixúOdkfha

idudðl;ajh ork nj'

• wdishd meismsla wd¾Ól iyfhda.S;djfha fojk iïfï,kfha § tlÕ jQ mßÈ

tys ls%hdldÍ ie,iqfï uQ,sl wruqKq my; mßÈ nj'

• mQ¾K ksoyia fjf<| l,dm msysgqùu

• f¾.= lghq;= úêu;a lsÍu yd ,sys,a lsÍu

• mß.Kl ;dlaIKh Ndú; lrñka fjf<|du ksoyia lsÍu

• È<s÷ ck;djf.a iqNidOk lghq;= by< uÜgulg f.k tau

- 93 -

ksmqK;d uÜgu 10'10 ( wka;¾cd;sl uQ,H wdh;kj, ld¾hNdrh úuihs'


bf.kqï M, (

• wka;¾cd;sl uQ,H wdh;k kï lrhs'

• wka;¾cd;sl uQ,H wdh;kj, ld¾hhka úia;r lrhs'

• wka;¾cd;sl uQ,H wdh;kj,ska YS% ,xldjg ,efnk fiajd ,ehsia;=.; lrhs'


• idudðl rgj, uQ,H ysÕh mshùu i|yd fláld,Sk Kh iemhSu uQ,sl wruqK

fldgf.k 1947 ckjdß udifha § wka;¾cd;sl uQ,H wruqo, (International Monetary

Fund-IMF) msysg jQ nj'

• wka;¾cd;sl uQ,H wruqof,ys m%Odk ld¾hd,h weußld tlai;a ckmofha fjdIsxgka

k.rfha msysgjd we;s w;r wka;¾cd;sl uQ,H wruqof,ys wdrïNl idudðl rgj,a

28 la o jQ kuq;a j¾;udkfha § rgj,a 184 la tys idudðl;ajh ork nj'

• wka;¾cd;sl uQ,H wruqo, i|yd m%d.aOkh imhdf.k we;af;a idudðl rgj,a

fj; wruqo,a mx.= ksl=;a lsÍu u.ska jk w;r wka;¾cd;sl uQ,H wruqof,ys

idudðl;ajh ,nd .ekSug wruqo,a mx.=jla fyda lSmhla wod< rg úiska iemhsh

hq;= nj'

• wod< idudðl rgg ,efnk wruqo,a mx.= m%udKh ;SrKh jkafka ta rfÜ wd¾Ól

jeo.;alu yd wka;¾cd;sl fjf<|dug ta rg odhljk m%udKh u; nj'

• ta ta rgg ysñjk wruqo,a mx.= m%udKh u; ta ta rgg ysñjk Pkao n,h;a ta ta rgg

,nd .; yels Kh m%udKh;a ;SrKh jk nj'

• 1947 j¾Ih wjidk jkúg wka;¾cd;sl uQ,H wruqof,ys m%d.aOkh weußld tlai;a

ckmoh fvd,¾ ì,shk 8'8 la jQ w;r thska jeä u wruqo,a mx.= m%udKhla weußld

tlai;a ckmoh úiska ysñlrf.k ;snQ nj'

• idudðl rgg ysñ wruqo,a mx.=fjka 25] la rkaj,ska o fYaIh ta rfÜ foaYSh

uqo,aj,ska o f.úh hq;= nj'

• wka;¾cd;sl uQ,H wruqo, fj;ska Kh ,nd .kakd úg tlS Khg iudk w.hla

we;s foaYSh uqo,a m%udKhla wka;¾cd;sl uQ,H wruqof,a ;ekam;a l< hq;= w;r

wka;¾cd;sl uQ,H wruqo, wkqu; l< uqo,aj,ska wod< Kh uqo, imhk nj'

• wka;¾cd;sl uQ,H wruqo, fj;ska ,nd .kakd Kh j¾I ;=k;a my;a w;r f.úh

hq;= w;r tu Kh wdmiq f.úh hq;af;a wkqu; l< mßj¾;Sh uqo, u.ska nj'

- 94 -

• wka;¾cd;sl uQ,H wruqof,a wruqKq my; i|yka mßÈ nj'

• wka;¾cd;sl uQ,H .eg¿j, § iyfhda.fhka lghq;= lsÍu iy WmfoaYk fiajd

iemhSu i|yd iaÒr wdh;khla ;=<ska wka;¾cd;sl uQ,H iyfhda.S;dj j¾Okh

lsÍu

• wka;¾cd;sl fjf<|dfï iunr j¾Okhg;a jHdma;shg;a wjYH iydh ,nd §u

iy by< fiajd kshqla;shla o by< uQ¾; wdodhula o mj;ajdf.k hdu i|yd

wjYH Wmldr lsÍu

• úksuh wkqmd;slj, ia:djrNdjhla we;s lsÍu

• j¾;k .Kqfokq iïnkaOfhka nyqmd¾Yùh f.ùï l%uhla we;s lsÍu i|yd

Wmldr lsÍu iy úfoaY úksuh iSud uq,ska Wmqgd oeóu

• idudðl rgj, úYajdih ;yjqre lsÍu i|yd wruqo,a iemhSu iy f.jqï fYaIfha

whym;a .e<mqï ksjerÈ lr .ekSu i|yd wjia:dj ,nd §u

• idudðl rgj, f.jqï fYaI wiu;=,s;;d wvq lsÍu iy f.jqï fYaI wiu;=,s;;d

mj;sk ld,h flá lsÍu

• wka;¾cd;sl uQ,H wruqo, my; i|yka Kh j¾. imhk nj'

• §¾> lrk ,o wruqo,a myiqlï (Extended Fund Facilities)

• jHqyd;aul .e<mqï myiqlï (Structural Adjustment Facilities)

• mq¿,a lrk ,o jHqyd;aul myiqlï (Extended Structural Adjustment Facilities)

• jkaÈ iy wdm;sl uQ,HlrK myiqlï (Compensatory and Contengency Financial

Facilities)

• iaudrlaIl f;d. uQ,HlrK myiqlï (Buffer Stock Financing Facilities)

• f;,a Kh myiqlï (Oil Loan Facilities)

• l%uj;a mßj¾;k myiqlï (Systematic Transformation Facilities)

• weußld tlai;a ckmoh iy ì%;dkHh we;=¿ ;j;a rgj,a 42 l iyNd.S;ajfhka

weußldfõ fn%Ükajqâia k.rfha § 1944 cQ,s udifha mej;s fn%Ükajqâia iuq¿fõ

m%;sM,hla f,i 1947'03'01 Èk f,dal nexl=j (World Bank Group-WBG) msysg jQ

nj'

• fojk f,dal hqoaOfhka úkdYhg m;a rgj,a m%;sixialrKhg yd tjeks hqoaO

kej; we;sùu je<elaùu" wd¾Ól mqk¾Ôjkhla we;s lsÍu hk wruqKq idlaId;a

lr .ekSug tlai;a cd;Skaf.a uqo,a yd uQ,H lghq;= iuq¿j .;a ;SrKhl m%;sM,hla

f,i f,dal nexl=j (WBG) msysg jQ nj'

- 95 -

• f,dal nexl=fõ m%Odk wruqK jkqfha idudðl rgj, È.=ld,Sk ixj¾Okh i|yd

wdOdr iemhSu nj'

• m%;sixialrKh yd ixj¾Okh ms<sn| wka;¾cd;sl nexl=j (International Bank for

Reconstruction and Development-IBRD) fyj;a f,dal nexl=fõ (World Bank Group-

WBG) wdrïNl idudðl rgj,A 28 la jQ w;r 2004 jir wjidkfha §

tys idudðl rgj,a 177 la jQ nj'

• f,dal nexl=j i|yd wruqo,a imhd we;af;a tys idudðl rgj,a nj'

• wka;¾cd;sl uQ,H ixia:dj (International Finance Cooperation - IFC) iy

wka;¾cd;sl ixj¾Ok ix.uh (International Development Association - IDA) f,dal

nexl=jg wkqnoaê; wdh;k fol jk w;r f,dal nexl=j iy fuu wdh;k f,dal

nexl=uq¿j (World Bank Group-WBG) f,i y÷kajk nj'

• f,dal nexl=fõ uQ,sl mrud¾: my; oelafjk nj'

• idudðl rgj, ksIamdok lghq;= i|yd wdfhdack myiqlï iemhSu u.ska

tajdfha wd¾Ól ixj¾Okh fõ.j;a lsÍu

• ,sys,a fldkafoais hgf;a úfoaY m%d.aOkh idudðl rgj,g fkd,efnk úg

úfoaY fm!oa.,sl wdfhdack Èß.ekaùu i|yd myiqlï yd wjia:d we;s lsÍu

• fm!oa.,sl wdfhdackj,g wu;r j nexl=fõ wruqo,a o fjk;a ud¾.j,ska ,nd

.kakd wruqo,a o Ndú; lrñka idudðl rgj, M,odhS ksIamdok lghq;= i|yd

È.=ld,Sk Kh iemhSu

• idudðl rgj,g ld¾ñl iy Ys,amSh Wmfoia fiajd ,nd §u

• idudðl rgj, ksIamdok iïm;a j¾Okh lr .ekSu wka;¾cd;sl wdfhdack

Èß.ekaùu ;=<ska wka;¾cd;sl fjf<|dfï iunr j¾Okhla we;s lsÍu

• YS% ,xldjg f,dal nexl=fjka ie,fik fiajd j,g ksoiqka my; oelafjk nj'

• wjYH úfoaY úksuh" iykodhS fldkafoais hgf;a Kh f,i iemhSu

• ;dlaIKh" Ys,amSh l%u iy ld¾ñl {dkh hkdÈh ÈhqKq lr .ekSu i|yd

wkq.%yh ,nd §u

• úfoaY wdfhdack f.kajd .ekSu i|yd wjYH iyfhda.h ,nd §u

• ixj¾Okh fõ.j;a lsÍu i|yd wjYH jHdmD;s ie,iqï lsÍug;a tajdfha

lghq;= wëlaIKh lsÍug;a f,dal nexl= úfYaI{hkaf.a iyfhda.h ,nd §u

• f.da,ShlrKh .uka u.g msúiSu i|yd wjYH iyfhda.h ,nd §u

• f,dal fjf<|fmdf<a § uqyqKmEug isÿjk wjdisodhl ;;a;aj iukh lr

.ekSu i|yd wjYH wdOdr iemhSu

- 96 -

• f,dal m%cdj iu. hym;a iïnkaO;d f.dvk.d .ekSu i|yd iyfhda.h

oelaùu

• jHqyd;aul .eg¿ úi|d .ekSu i|yd wjYH úfYaI{ oekqu ,nd §u

• kj wd¾Ól m%;sm;a;s ls%hd;aul lsÍug wjYH iyfhda.h §u

• YS% ,xldfõ wd¾Ól ixj¾Okh fõ.j;a lsÍu i|yd f,dal nexl= m%cdj úiska

È.=ld,Sk Kh iemhQ m%Odk wxY j,g ksoiqka my; oelafjk nj'

• lDIsld¾ñl yd .%dóh ixj¾Ok jHdmD;s

• n,Yla;s jHdmD;s

• wOHdmkh

• l¾udka; wxYh

• fi!LH yd fmdaIKh

• .ukd.ukh yd m%jdykh

• iq¿ yd uOH mßudK jHdmdr

• kd.ßl ixj¾Okh

• c, iemhqu

• W;=re kef.kysr wj;eka jQjka kej; k.d isgqùu

- 97 -

ksmqK;d uÜgu 10'11 ( ixj¾Okh fjñka mj;sk rgj,g f.da,ShlrKfhka

we;sjk n,mEu ú.%y lrhs'


bf.kqï M, (

• f.da,ShlrKh hkak w¾:l;kh lrhs'

• f.da,ShlrKfha m%Odk ,laIK bÈßm;a lrhs'

• f.da,ShlrKfha .dul n,fõ. úia;r lrhs'

• f.da,ShlrKhg mlaI j yd úmlaI j ;¾l bÈßm;a lrhs'


• úfoaY fjf<|du" úfoaY wdfhdackh yd úfoaY ;dlaIKh hkd § lreKq u.ska

rgj,a f,dal wd¾Ólhg taldnoaOùu iy wd¾Ólh h<s;a újD;ùï f.da,ShlrKh

f,i ye¢kaúh yels nj'

• f.da,ShlrKfha uQ,sldx. my; mßÈ oelaúh yels nj'

• kj fjf<|fmd<j,a ìysùu

• kj WmlrK we;sùu

• kj f,dal wdh;k yd ixúOdk we;sùu

• kj kS;sÍ;s ìysùu

• f.da,ShlrK ;=<ska f,dal wd¾Ólfha wfkHdakH /¢hdj ;Sj% jk nj'

• f.da,ShlrKh u.ska fjf<| yd uQ,H m%jdyhkaf.a j¾Okhla isÿjk nj'

• f.da,ShlrK u.ska ksIamdok ls%hdj,sh cd;Hka;rlrKh jk nj'

• f.da,ShlrKh u.ska Y%uh cd;Hka;r ixp,kh jk nj'

• ft;sydisl ls%hdj,shla f,i f.da,ShlrKfha úúO isoaOdka; my; oelafjk nj'

• 1870 .Kkaj, isg 1920 .Kka olajd f,dal fjf<|dfï úYd, j¾Okhla

yg.ekSu

• fojk f,dal hqoaOh wjika ù 1945 ka miqj f,dal fjf<| m%jdyhkaf.a úYd,

j¾Okhla olakg ,eîu

• 1980 .Kka wjidk Nd.fhka miqj f.da,ShlrKfha ;j;a /,a,la j¾Okh ùu

• f.da,ShlrKfha m%Odk ,laIK my; oelafjk nj'

• oeä wka;¾ mrdh;a;Ndjh

• fjf<| yd uQ,H m%jdyhkaf.a YS>% j¾Okh

• ksIamdok ls%hdj,s cd;Hka;rlrKh

- 98 -

• Y%uh cd;Hka;r jYfhka ixp,kh ùu

• rgj,a wd¾Ól jYfhka taldnoaO ùu

• f.da,ShlrKfha .dul n,fõ. my; mßÈ nj'

• m%jdyk lafIa;%fha j¾Okh

• ;dlaIKfha j¾Okh

• f.da,Sh uQ,H fjf<|fmd<j, kshdukyrKh

• rgj,a w;r idfmalaI jdis fjkiaùu

• nyq cd;sl iud.ï ksIamdokfha úúO ls%hdj,Ska úúO rgj, ia:dk.; lsÍu

• wdrlaIKjd§ m%;sm;a;s bj;a lsÍu

• mßudKdkql+, msßueiqï

• wd¾Ól taldnoaOùï

• f.da,ShlrKfha jdis i|yd ksoiqka my; mßÈ oelaúh yels nj'

• f,dalfha fjf<| mßudj by< hdu

• ksIamdokh yd wdodhï by< hdu

• /lS rlaId wjia:d jeäùu

• iDcq úfoaY wdfhdack jeäùu

• kj ;dlaIKh Wreu ùu

• úúO NdKav mßfNdackh i|yd wjia:dj ie,iSu

• ksIamdokfha ;r.ldÍ;ajh jeäùu ksid .=Kd;aul ksIamdok ìysùu

• f;dr;=re .,d hdu ld¾hlaIu ùu

• f.da,ShlrKfha wjdis i|yd ksoiqka my; oelafjk nj'

• cd;Hka;r jYfhka wdodhï úIu;d mq¿,a ùu

• mdßißl .eg¿

• foaYSh wd¾Ól l%uj, iaffjÍ;ajhg ;¾ck mek ke.Su

• ixialD;sl úúO;ajh jekiS hdu

• uQ,H fjf<|fmd< wia:dhS;djla yg .ekSu ksid wd¾Ól w¾nqo yg .ekSu

• foaYSh ksIamdok lafIa;%j, miqnEu iy /lSrlaId wjia:d wysñùu

• cd;Hka;r ;%ia;jdoh$ fi!LH .eg¿

• f.da,ShlrKfha jdis iy wjdis wkqj f.da,ShlrKhg mlaI j yd úmlaI j ;¾l

bÈßm;a ù we;s nj'

- 99 -

ksmqK;dj 11 ( ixj¾Okfha úúO;ajh ;=,kd;aul j ú.%y lrñka ;sridr

ixj¾Okhg odhlùfu we,au m%o¾Ykh lrhs'

ksmqK;d uÜgu 11'1 ( wd¾Ól j¾Okfha jeo.;alu w.hñka wd¾Ól j¾Okhg bjy,a

jk idOl úYaf,aIKh lrhs'


bf.kqï M, (

• wd¾Ól j¾Okh hkak w¾:l;kh lrhs'

• th ;SrKh lrk idOl fmkajhs'

• wd¾Ól j¾Okfha jeo.;alu w.hhss'

• wd¾Ól j¾Okh ñkqï lr bÈßm;a lrhs'

• wd¾Ól j¾Okh;a iu. wd¾Ól jHqyh fjkiajk wdldrh fmkajd fohs'

• wd¾Ól j¾Okfha msßjehla we;s nj ksoiqka weiqfrka fmkajd fohs'


• wd¾Ól jDoaêh hkq uQ¾; o< cd;sl ksIamdokfhys wLKav j¾Okhùula jk w;r

wd¾Ólfha ksIamdok úNj;djfhys È.= ld,Sk m%idrKhla fuhska ms<sônq lrk

nj'

• fuu.ska wd¾Ólfhys NdKav yd fiajd ksIamdokh ms<sn| m%udKd;aul fjkiaùula

ms<sônq lrk nj'

• wd¾Ól jDoaêh yd wd¾Ól j¾Ok wkqmd;slh w;r meyeÈ,s fjkila olakg

;sfnk nj'

• wdodhï úIu;d" oßø;dj iy ú/lshdj hk m%Yakhka ys wvqjeä uÜgu ;SrKh

lsÍfuys ,d wd¾Ól jDoaêh o ie,lsh hq;= whqßka n,mEï lrk nj'

• wd¾Ól jDoaêhg fya;= my; i|yka mßÈ oelaúh yels nj'

• iïm;a iïNdrh by< kexùu

• fN!;sl m%d.aOkh

• udkj m%d.aOkh

• iajNdúl m%d.aOkh

• iudc m%d.aOkh

• M,odhS;djh by< kexùu

• ;dlaIKh

• udkj m%d.aOkh

• wd¾Ól ia:dhs;dj

• foaYmd,k ia:djrNdjh

• hymd,kh

- 100 -

• wd¾Ól jDoaêh iïnkaO úúO kHdh mj;sk nj'

• wd¾Ól j¾Okh ueksh yels nj

• wd¾Ól j¾Okhla iu. wd¾Ól jHqyh fjkiajk nj'

ksoiqka (-

• lDIsld¾ñl wxYhg jvd ld¾ñl wxYh jeo.;a jk w;r jvd;a u

jeo.;a wxYh njg fiajd wxYh m;ajk nj

• wd¾Ól j¾Okhla isÿjk úg wdodhï uÜgï jeäùu ;=<ska" wdodhï

b,a¨ï kuH;djh u; ksIamdokfha jHqyd;aul fjkialï isÿjk nj

• wd¾Ól jDoaêfha jdis my; mßÈ oelaúh yels nj'

• by< Ôjk ;;a;ajhla ,nd .; yelsúg È<s÷lu wvq lsÍu

• wdodhu by< hdu

• jHdmdrj,g by< ,dN w;alr .; yelsùu

• fiajd kshqla;sh by< hdu

• jHdmdßl úYajikSh;ajh by< hdu

• whjeh ysÕh wvqùu

• wd¾Ól j¾Okfha msßjeh my; mßÈ oelaúh yels nj'

• WoaOukhla we;s ùfï wjodku

• ksIamdokh yd mßfNdackh by< hdu ;=<ska mßirhg wys;lr f,i

n,mEu

• wdodhï yd Ok jHdmD;s úIu;d

• m%dfoaYSh úIu;d

• ;sridr ixj¾Okhg ydkslr ùu

• mßir ydhkh

• by< wdodhï ,nk rgla f,i j¾.SlrKh ùu ksid udkj iqNidOkh kexùu

Wfoid ,efnk cd;Hka;r iyfhda.h wysñùu'

- 101 -

ksmqK;d uÜgu 11'2 ( wd¾Ól ixj¾Ok ls%hdj,shl .=Kdx. yd th uekSu ú.%y

lrhs'


bf.kqï M, (

• wd¾Ól ixj¾Okh hkak w¾:l;kh lrhs'

• wd¾Ól ixj¾Ok ls%hdj,sh ;=< ;sìh hq;= .=Kdx. kï lrhs'

• ixj¾Okh uekSfï o¾Yl kï lrñka meyeÈ,s lrhs'


• wd¾Ól ixj¾Okh hkq ñksia Ôú;fha wd¾Ól ;;a;ajh iy .=Kd;aul ;;a;ajh

by< hdula jk w;r th fjkiaùï ls%hdj,shla nj'

• wd¾Ól ixj¾OkfhaoS wd¾Ól jDoaêh;a iu. iudÔh" foAYmd,k" mdrißl iy

ixialD;sl wxYj, oshQKqjla we;sjk nj'

• fuf,i wxY lsysmhl fjkia ùula we;sjk ksid wd¾Ól ixj¾Okh nyqudk

(Multi dimensional) ls%hdj,shla nj'

• wd¾Ól jDoaêfhka ms<sônq lrkqfha wd¾Ól ixj¾Ok ls%hdj,sfha m%udKd;aul

me;slvla jk w;r Bg wu;r j wd¾Ól ixj¾Okfha .=Kd;aul me;slvla o

olakg ,efnk nj'

• wd¾Ól ixj¾Okh i|yd wd¾Ól jDoaêh;a iu. my; i|yka fldkafoais bgqúh

hq;= nj'

• wd¾Ólfha ksIamdok wxYhka ys jHqyd;aul fjkialï yg.ekSu

• ksIamdok iïm;aj, M,odhl;ajh by< hdu

• ksIamdok l%u Ys,am yd ;dlaIKh Wiia ùu

• kùlrKh ùu

• wd¾Ól j¾Okfha m%;s,dN by< isg my<g .,d f.dia rfgys mj;sk

ÿ.S nj wvqùu" ú/lshdj wvqùu yd wdodhï úIu;dj ke;sùu

• wd¾Ólfha ixj¾Okh uekSug iy ixhqla; o¾Yl fhdod.kakd nj'

• wd¾Ól ixj¾Okfha tla tla wxY j, m%.;sh fjkafjka jYfhka uekSug ;ks

o¾Yl fhdod.kakd nj'

ksoiqka (-

• tal mqoa., o< foaYsh ksIamdokh

• idfmalaI wdodhï jHma;sh

• wdhq wfmalaIKh

• idlaIr;d wkqmd;h

• ðKs ix.+Klh

• Y%u n,ld iyNd.S;ajh wkqmd;h

- 102 -

• wd¾Ól ixj¾Okfha iuiA; m%.;sh uekSug ixhqla; o¾Yl fhdod.kakd w;r

;ks o¾Yl lsysmhla fhdodf.k ixhqla; o¾Yl ilia lr we;s nj'

ksoiqka (

• fN!;sl Ôjk ;;a;aj o¾Ylh

• udkj ixj¾Ok o¾Ylh

• udkj oßø;d o¾Ylh

• tal mqoa.,hl=g rfÜ ksuejqfuka ysñjk m%udKh tal mqoa., o< foaYSh

ksIamdokfhka ueksh yels nj'

• tal mqoa., o< foaYsh ksIamdokfhka ixj¾Okfha iEu wxYhlau ksfhdackh

fkdjk ksid wd¾Ól ixj¾Okh uekSug mßmq¾K ñKqula fkdjk nj'

• ixj¾Okh uekSfï ,d wd¾Óluh o¾Ylhkag w;sf¾l j iudÔh ks¾Kdhlhka

o taldnoaO fldg jvd mßmQ¾K ixj¾Ok o¾Ylhka uE; ld,fhaoS y¥kajd oS we;s

nj'

' • wd¾Ól ixj¾Okh ms<sn| j kj w¾:l;khlska fN!;sl Ôjk ;;a;aj o¾Ylh

ks¾udKh lrwe;s nj'

• fuu o¾Ylhg my; i|yka ks¾Kdhl we;=<;a jk nj'

• jhi wjqreÿ tflaoS wdhq wfmalAIdj

• <ore urK wkqmd;slh

• idlaIr;djh

• by; ks¾Kdhl wkqj o¾Ylhg ,efnk w.h 100g wdikak rfÜ Ôjk ;;a;ajh

by< uÜgul mj;sk w;r o¾Ylhg ,efnk w.h 0 g wdikak rfÜ Ôjk

;;a;ajh my< uÜgul mj;sk nj'

• tlai;a cd;Skaf.a ixj¾Ok jevms<sfj, u.ska 1990 oS udkj ixj¾Ok o¾Ylh

y÷kajd ÿka nj'

• fuhg wod< o¾Yl ;=kla mj;sk nj'

• Wmf;a § wdhq wfmalaIKh

• jeäysá idlaIr;d wkqmd;h iy mdi,aj,g we;=<;a ùfï wkqmd;h

• tal mqoa., wdodhu

- 103 -

• udkj ixj¾Okh wkqj my; mßÈ rgj,a fnod fjka lrk nj'

• b;d by< udkj ixj¾Okh iys; rgj,a - 0'900 iy Bg jeä

• by< udkj ixj¾Okh iys; rgj,a - 0'800 - 0'899

• uOHu udkj ixj¾Okh iys; rgj,a - 0'500 - 0'799

• my< udkj ixj¾Okh iys; rgj,a - 0'000 - 0'499

• 2009 j¾Ifha udkj ixj¾Ok jd¾;djg wkqj f,dalfha by< udkj ixj¾Okhla

fmkakqï l< rgj,a jQfha fkda¾fõ" ´iafÜ%,shdj" whsia,ka;h" lekvdj iy

wh¾,ka;h nj'

• wvqu udkj ixj¾Okhla fmkakqï l< rgj,a jQfha ud,s" uOHu wms%ldkq

iuqydKavqj" ishrd,sfhdka" we*a.ksia:dkh yd khs.¾ nj'

• 2009 j¾Ifha udkj ixj¾Ok jd¾;djg wkqj Y%S ,xldfõ w.h 0'759la nj'

(ixj¾Okh uekSfï o¾Ylj,g wod< ld,Sk f;dr;=re ms<sn| j isiqka oekqj;a

lrkak')

- 104 -

ksmqK;d uÜgu 11'3 ( ixj¾Okfha úúO;ajh ;=,kd;aulj ú.%y lrñka ;sridr

ixj¾Okh w.h lrhs'

ld,Éfþo ixLHdj (

bf.kqï M, (

• f,dal nexl= j¾.SlrKhkag wkqj wd¾Ól j¾.lr we;s wdldrh ksoiqka iys; j

meyeÈ,s lrhs'

• wfkl=;a j¾.SlrKhkag wkqj wd¾Ól j¾.lr we;s wdldrhkag ksoiqka bÈßm;a

lrhs'

• ixj¾Okh ms<sn| j cd;Hka;r úúO;ajh meyeÈ,s lrñka thg fya;= bÈßm;a

lrhs'

• ;sridr ixj¾Ok ixl,amh w¾: olajñka tys jeo.;alu w.h hs'


• wd¾Ól ixj¾Okh o" iudc ixj¾Okh o" mßir wdrlaIKh o ;=<ska w;alr

.kakd ÈhqKqj Ñria:dhS ixj¾Okh fyj;a ;sridr ixj¾Okh nj'

• j¾;udkfha ;sridr ixj¾Ok m%fõYhg rgj,a wj;S¾K ùug fya;= my;

oelafjk nj'

• mßir iqrlaIs;;dj we;s lsÍu

• iajdNdúl iïm;a wdrlaId lsÍu

• mdßißl iïm;a Ndú;h yd iajdNdúl isÿjk Wmøjhka o ;sridr ixj¾Ok

m%fõYhg n,mEï t,a, lrk w;r tAjdg ksoiqka my; oelafjk nj'

• iajNdj O¾ufhka ,eî we;s iïm;a bjla njla ke;sj Ndú; lsÍu

• jdhqf.da,fha WIaK;ajh by< hdu

• ysu l÷ Èh ùu

• foaY.=K úm¾hdi

• ´fidaka ia:rh isÿre ùu

• jkdka;r lemSu

• c,h ¥IKh ùu

• ;sridr ixj¾Okh i|yd wjYH flfrk m%d.aOkh iajrEm my;

oelafjk nj'

• fN!;sl m%d.aOkh

• udkj m%d.aOkh

• iajNdúl m%d.aOkh

• iudc m%d.aOkh

- 105 -

• iajNdúl iïm;a laIh ùu o mßirhg ydks meñKSu o wju lsÍu i|yd

rgj,a wka;¾ cd;sl jYfhka o foaYSh jYfhka o úúO jevigyka ls%hd;aul

lsÍu wdrïN lr we;s w;r tAjdg ksoiqka my; oelafjk nj'

• ´fidaka ia:rhg ydks f.k fok laf,dafrda *af,dard ldnka jdhq Ndú;h

;ykï lsÍu

• fmd,s;Ska Ndú;h iSud lsÍu

• l¾udka;Yd,dj,ska isÿjk mßir ydks je<elaùu i|yd kS;s mekùu

• fudag¾ r:j,ska msgjk ÿï md,kh lsÍu

• j¾;udk mrmqr N=la;s ú¢k iïm;a ta wdldrfhkau wkd.; mrmqrg N=la;s ú£ug

we;s whs;sh wysñ fkdjk f,i" j¾;udk mrmqrg <Õdúh yels m%Yia; ixj¾Ok

uÜgu OrKSh ixj¾Okh fyj;a ;sridr ixj¾Okh nj'

• rgl wkd.; ÈhqKqj;a ñksiqkaf.a Ôjk ;;a;ajfha .=Kd;aul nj;a ;SrKh jkafka

mßirfha .=Kd;aulNdjh wkqj nj'

• ;sridr ixj¾Ok ixl,amh u.ska W;aidy orkafka wd¾Ól j¾Okh o" iajNdúl

iïm;aj, j¾Okh o" mßirh o hk tajdfha iunr;djhla we;s lsÍu nj'

• ;sridr ixj¾Ok m%fõYfha § udkj ixj¾Okfha wjYH;djh o wjOdrKh l<

hq;= nj'

• ;sridr ixj¾Okhla we;s ùu i|yd wxY ;=kl ÈhqKqjla n,mdk ksid tajd ;sridr

ixj¾Okfha l=¨Kq f,i y÷kajk w;r tajd my; ±lafjk nj'

• wd¾Ól ixj¾Okh

• iudc ixj¾Okh

• mßir wdrlaIKh

• fuu l=¿Kq ;=k w;r wka;¾ /¢hdjla fuka u wka;¾ iïnkaO;djla o mj;sk

nj'

- 106 -

ksmqK;d uÜgu 11'4 ( wdodhï úIu;dj uekSug fhdod .kakd iïu; l%u mÍlaId

lrhs'

ld,Éfþo ixLHdj (

bf.kqï M, (

• wdodhï jHdma;s úIu;djh w¾: olajhs'

• wdodhï jHdma;sfha mj;sk úúO iajrEm bÈßm;a lrhs'

• wdodhï jHdma;sh uekSu i|yd fhdod .kakd ñkqï rEm igyka weiqßka meyeÈ,s

lrhs'


• fjf<|fmd< l%uh mj;sk ´kE u iudchl wdodhï wvq yd wdodhï jeä f,i

mka;s fNaohla mj;sk nj'

• fuh wdodhï jHdma;s úIu;djh f,i y÷kajk nj'

• wdodhï jHdma;s úIu;djh wju lsÍu idOdrK;ajh f,i i,lk nj'

• rgl iuia; ksIamdokh fn§ hdu wdodhï jHdma;s úIu;djh u; isÿjk nj'

• wdodhï jHdma;s úIu;djfha iajrEm folla mj;sk nj'

• idfmalaI wdodhï jHma;sh

• ksrfmalaI wdodhï jHma;sh

• idfmalaI wdodhï jHdma;sh hkq uq¿ wdodhu l=gqïN w;r fn§ f.dia we;s wdldrh

oelaùu nj'

• uq¿ l=gqïN ixLHdfjka wvqu wdodhï ,nk m%;sY;hg yd by< u wdodhï ,nk

m%;sY;hg wkqj wdodhï jHdma;s úIu;djh ;SrKh l< yels nj'

• idfmalaI wdodhï jHdma;sfha iajNdjh f,darkaia jl%h u.ska oelaúh yels nj'

• f,darkaia jl%h my; mßÈ oelaúh yels nj

• f,darkaia jl%h iu wdodhï jHma;s f¾Ldjg <xjk ;rug wdodhï jHma;s úIu;djh

wvqjk nj'

wdodhï jHdm a; sh

l=gqïn m%;sY;h

X

Y

- 107 -

X

X+Y

• f,darkaia jl%h iu wdodhï jHma;s f¾Ldfjka wE;ajk úg wdodhï jHma;s úIu;djh

jeäjk nj'

• f,darkaia jl%fhka ksrEmKh jk jHdma;s úIu;djfha ;ru ðks ix.=Klh uÕska

uek ±laúh yels nj'

• ðks ix.=Klh ukskq ,nkafka j,ska nj'

• ðks ix.=Klh 1g <xjkúg wdodhï jHdma;s úIu;dj jeäjk nj'

• ðKs ix.=Klh 0g <xjkúg wdodhï jHdma;s úIu;dj wvqjk nj'

• ðKs ix.=Klh 0g <xjkafka wdodhï jHma;s úIu;djhla fkdue;súg nj'

• rgl wdodhï mrdij,g fjkalr ta tla tla wdodhï mrdihkag .efkk ck

ixLHd m%;sY; jYfhka m%ldY lsÍu ksrfmalaI wdodhï jHdma;sh nj'

• oßø;d bug my<ska isák ck;dj ksrfmalaI wdodhï jHdma;sh wkqj ÿmam;=ka nj'

- 108 -

ksmqK;d uÜgu 11'5 ( oßø;d ixl,amh ú.%y lrñka th ñkqï lrk whqre olajhs'


bf.kqï M, (

• ksrfmalaI yd idfmalaI oßø;djfha fjki y÷kd.kshs'

• oßø;djfha me;slv fol m%ldY lrhs'

• cd;sl oßø;d bu yd cd;Hka;r oßø;d bu ú.%y lrhs'

• udkj oßø;d o¾Ylh y÷kajhs'


• oßø;djh úúO ixl,am Tiafia ks¾jpkh flfrk nj'

• wju le,ß m%udKh ,nd fok wdydr øjH we;=¿ uQ,sl wjYH;d ,nd .ekSugj;a

m%udKj;a wdodhula fkd,nkafka kï th ksrfmalaI oßø;djh nj'

• wdodhï jHdma;sfha úIu;djh fya;=fjka we;sjkafka idfmalaI oßø;djh nj'

• oßø;djfha me;slv folla mj;sk nj'

• wdodhï oßø;djh

• mßfNdack oßø;djh

• uQ,sl Ôjk wjYH;d we;=<;a wju mßfNdack uÜgula r|jd .ekSu i|yd m%udKj;a

uÜgul wdodhula Wmhd .ekSug yelshdjla fkdue;slu uQ,sl oßø;djh nj'

• mqoa., Ôú;fha .=Kd;aul ;;a;ajh yd Ôjk ;;a;ajh úoyd olajk jeäysá

idlaIr;djh" Ôjk ;;a;ajh iy mdi,a wOHdmkh ,enQ j¾I .Kk hk ks¾Kdhl

mokï j oßø;djh i,ld ne,Su isÿlrk nj'

• tlai;a cd;Skaf.a ixúOdkfha ks¾jpkhg wkqj ksoyi" wd;au .re;ajh yd wkHhka

f.a ie,ls,a, N=la;s ú¢ñka fi!LH iïmkak j yd i;=gqodhl Ôjk ;;a;ajhla

.; lsÍug iu;a udkj ixj¾Okhla i|yd bv m%ia;d yd f;aÍï wysñ ù .sh

;;a;ajh udkj oßø;djh nj'

• meje;aug yd hym;a ls%hdldÍ;ajhg wjYH lrk wdydr yd wdydr fkdjk wfkl=;a

wjYH;d imqrd .ekSu i|yd oeÍug isÿjk wju úhou cd;sl oßø;d bu nj'

^ld,hg wkqj oßø;d bu ,nd Èh yelsh'&

• ta wkqj mqoa.,hl=f.a Èkl wdodhu wefursldkq fvd,¾ 1'08 my< oßø;d f¾Ldj

f,iska tal mqoa., wdodhu wefursldkq fvd,¾ 2'15 hk iudc by< oßø;d l%u

f,i;a w¾: olajk nj' ^fuu iSudj ld,Skj fjkia fõ'&

• rgl ck.ykfha fld;rï mssßila oßø;d bug jvd wvq wdodhula Wmhkjd o

hkak oßø;djh ms<sn| b;d ir, ñkqï oKavla nj'

- 109 -

• udkj oßø;d o¾Ylh (HPI) tlai;a cd;Skaf.a ixj¾Ok jevigyk úiska 1997

j¾IfhaoS y÷kajd fok ,oaola nj'

• udkj oßø;d o¾Ylh iajrEm fol my; oelafjk nj'

• udkj oßø;d o¾Ylh - 1 (HPI-1)

• udkj oßø;d o¾Ylh - 2 (HPI-2)

• udkj oßø;d o¾Ylh 1 fhduq ù we;af;a ixj¾Okh jk rgj, oßø;dj uekSu

ioyd nj'

• udkj oßø;d o¾Yl 2 fhduq ù we;af;a ixj¾ê; rgj, oßø;dj uekSu ioyd nj'

• udkj oßø;d o¾Yl foflys ks¾Kdhlhka fjkia jk nj'

• udkj oßø;d o¾Ylh wjOdkh fhduq lrkqfha ksrfmalaI oßø;djfha m%udKh

uekSu nj'

(oßø;djh uekSfï o¾Ylj,g wod< ld,Sk f;dr;=re ms<sn| j isiqka oekqj;a lrkak')

- 110 -

ksmqK;d uÜgu 11'6 ( YS% ,xldfõ oßø;djh yd th wju lsÍug f.k we;s m%h;ak

w.h hs'


bf.kqï M, (

• YS% ,xldfõ oßø;d uÜgï y÷kajhs'

• YS% ,xldfõ oßø;djfha m%dfoaYSh fjkialïj,g fya;= bÈßm;a lrhs'

• YS% ,xldfõ oßø;djhg fya;= jQ lreKq bÈßm;a lrhs'

• YS% ,xldfõ oßø;djh wju lr .ekSug ls%hd ud¾. fhdackd lrhs'


• YS% ,xldfõ wdodhï$ mßfNdack oßø;djh my; mßÈ oelaúh yels nj'

• tal mqoa., oßø;d lvbu weia;fïka;= lsÍu i|yd YS% ,xldfõ jeäysá iy

;reK wvq ( 20-30& mqoa.,hl= i|yd Èklg le,ß 2030 la ,nd fok fmdaIHodhl

wdydrm%udKhla mßfNdack lrk úg jehjk udisl úhou mokï lr .kakd

nj'

• óg wu;r j wdydr fkdjk w;HjYH mßfNdack øjH i|yd lrkq ,nk

^wOHdmk" fi!LH iy ksjdi& úhoï o moku jk nj'

• ta wkqj 2000$07 YS% ,xldfõ cd;sl oßø;d f¾Ldj uilg remsh,a 2233 la nj'

• 2010 ckjdß udifha uilg remsh,a 3070 la jk nj'

• YS% ,xldfõ oßø;djh l%ufhka wvqjk nj'

• kd.ßl yd .%dóh wxYfha oßø;djh o l%ufhka wvqjk nj'

• kd.ßl wxYhg idfmalaI j .%dóh yd j;= wxYh oßø;djh jeä nj'

• oßø;djhg fya;= my; mßÈ bÈßm;a l< yels nj'

• m%dfoaYSh úIu;d ;=< .%dóh m%foaY wdka;slrKh ùug fya;=

• fN!;sl yd iudÔh há;, myiqlïj, W!k ixj¾Okh

• iïm;a yd fjf<|fmd< myiqlïj, W!k;d

• lDIsl¾uhg we;s bv m%ia;d ySkùu

• wd¾Ól jDoaêfha m%;s,dN wvq wdodhï ,nk .%dóh fldgi lrd .,d fkdhdu

• YS% ,xldfõ oßø;dj wvq lsÍug my; oelafjk ls%hdud¾. fhdackd l< yels nj'

• È<s÷ ck;djg ys;lr wdrlaIl jDoaêhla u.ska wd¾Ól wjYH;d mq¿,a lsÍu

• È<s÷ ck;dj iún,lrKhg moku .;ùu

• È<s÷ ckfldgia iqrlaIs; lsÍu i|yd cd;sl ls%hdud¾. ;yjqre lsÍu

- 111 -

ksmqK;d uÜgu 11'7 ( wd¾Ól j¾Okh yd oßø;djh w;r iïnkaO;dj ú.%y lrhs'


bf.kqï M, (

• wd¾Ól j¾Okh yd oßø;dj w;r iïnkaO;dj meyeÈ,s lrhs'

• È<s÷ ck;djg ys;lr wd¾Ól jDoaê jevigyka ksoiqka iys; j fmkajhs'

• È<s÷ ck;djg ys;lr wd¾Ól m%;sm;a;s ksoiqka iys; j fmkajhs'

• È<s÷ ck;djg ys;ldó j¾Okhla <Õdlr .ekSug mshjrhka fhdackd

lrhs'


• È<s÷ ck;djf.a wdodhï by< kexùfuys ,d jvd;a ld¾hlaIu wkaoñka odhl jk

iy ÿmam;=kag ys;lr jk mßÈ wdodhï fn§ hdfï fjkila we;s lrk jDoaê

ls%hdj,sh È<s÷ ck;djg ys;lr jDoaêh f,i ye¢kaúh yels nj'

• È<s÷ ck;djg ys;lr jDoaê wdldr follg ueksh yels nj'

• ksrfmalaI j

• idfmalaI j

• ksrfmalaI j uksk úg ÿmam;a whf.a wdodhfï ksrfmalaI jeäùulg bjy,a jk

jDoaê ls%hdj,shla wfmalaId lrk nj'

• idfmalaI j uksk úg ÿmam;a fkdjk whf.a idudkH wdodhu jeäjk m%udKhg

jvd jeä m%udKhlska ÿmam;a whf.a idudkH wdodhu by< hdug ;=vq fok jDoaê

ls%hdj,shla wfmalaId lrk nj'

• È<s÷ ck;djg ys;lr jDoaêhla <Õdlr .ekSu i|yd rch uE;ld,Sk j f.k we;s

ls%hdud¾.j,g ksoiqka my; oelafjk nj'

• .%dóh È<s÷lug ms<shï f,i iuDoaê §ukd 50] lska jeä lsÍu

• jHjidhl;aj ixj¾Ok fhdackd we;s lsÍu i|yd ck mqnqÿj" .eñÈßh iy Tiq

.ïudk ls%hd;aul lsÍu

• .%dóh fmdÿ ld¾h ixj¾Okh we;s lsÍu i|yd u. ke.=u" .u ke.=u"

.eñ mqnqÿj iy .%dóh úÿ,sn, jHdmD;s ls%hd;aul lsÍu

• m%dfoaYSh ixj¾Ok fhdackd l%u f,i rcrg kfjdaoh" mqnqouq fj,a,iai"

fikalv., Wodkh iy W;=re kef.kysr ixj¾Okh jeks fhdackd l%u

• lDIsld¾ñl ixj¾Okh we;s lsÍu i|yd fmdfydr iykdOdrh ,nd oSu" ù

i|yd iy;sl ñ, jeä lsrSu iy lsß .ïudk we;s lsÍu

- 112 -

• iQlaIu" iq¿ yd uOH mßudK l¾udka;h ÈhqKq lsÍu i|yd rg mqrd l¾udka;

Yd,d 300 la bÈ lsÍu" ,xld mq;% jevigyk" keKi, jevigyk" cd;sl

jHjidhl nexl=j iy iqlaIu fiajd l%u ls%hd;aul lsÍu

• Wiia wOHdmk yd myiqlï ms<sn| úIu;d wvq lsÍu i|yd .ug ;dlaIKh

f.k hk úoHd ;dlaIK iïm;a uOHia:dk msysgqùu" W!j fj,a,iai

úYaj úoHd,h iy id.r úYaj úoHd,h ia:dms; lsÍu

• È<s÷ ck;djg ys;lr jDoaêhla <Õd lr .ekSug wkq.ukh l< yels wd¾Ól

m%;sm;a;suh ls%hdud¾. my; mßÈ y÷kd.; yels nj'

m%;sm;a;shm%;sm;a;shm%;sm;a;shm%;sm;a;shm%;sm;a;sh

1' id¾j wd¾Ól m%;sm;a;s

2' wdxYsl m%;sm;a;s

3' m%dfoaYSh ixj¾Ok m%;sm;a;s

4' mqk¾ jHdma;s m%;sm;a;s

ls %hdud¾.hls%hdud¾.hls%hdud¾.hls%hdud¾.hls%hdud¾.h

• WoaOukh md,kh lsÍu

• f;dard .;a lafIa;% muKla ksoyia fjf<|dug

újD; lsÍu

• lDIsld¾ñl m%;sixialrK

• udkj m%d.aOk ixj¾Okh

• fi!LH myiqlï mq¿,a lsÍu

• ldka;djka iún, .ekaùu

• ÿ.S ck fldgia jeä jYfhka uOH.; jQ

m%foaYj,g jDoaê ls%hdj,sh úuOH.; lsÍu

• ÿmam;a ck;dj wdodhï bmehSug yels jHdmD;s

we;sjk wdldrhg iy ÿmam;a ck;dj fiajd

kshqla;s bv m%ia:d i|yd <xùug yelsjk

whqßka m%;sm;a;s ieliSu

(ld,Sk jYfhka isÿ lrkq ,nk È<s÷ ck;djg ys;lr wd¾Ól m%;sm;a;suh ls%hdud¾.

ms<sn|j isiqka oekqj;a lrkak')

- 113 -

ksmqK;d uÜgu 11'8 ( YS% ,xldfõ ck.yk jHdma;sh yd tys m%;súmdl úuihs'


bf.kqï M, (

• ck.ykh hk ixl,amh w¾: olajhs'

• ck.yk j¾Okh fõ.h yd tys ;Srl y÷kajhs'

• ck.yk jHdma;sh fjkiaùï yd tys wd¾Ól m%;súmdl ú.%y lrhs'


• iajNdúl j¾Okh;a" Y=oaO ixl%uKh;a fya;=fjka ck.yk j¾Okh isÿjk nj'

• ckixLHd j¾Ok wkqmd;sl fhdod f.k ck ixLHdj ukskq ,nk nj'

• fmr j¾Ihg idfmalaI j j¾;udk j¾Ifha ck.ykh jeä ù we;s wkaou ck

ixLHd j¾Ok wkqmd;fhka uek oelafjk nj'

• ck ixLHd j¾Ok wkqmd;slh l%u follg .Kkh l< yels nj'

• hï j¾Ihla ;=< we;sjk Wm;a o" urK o w;r fjki iajNdúl j¾Ok

wkqmd;h f,i y÷kajk nj'

• iajNdúl j¾Okfha YS>%;dj ukskq ,nkafka" iajNdúl j¾Ok wkqmd;h u.ska

nj'

• iajNdúl j¾Ok wkqmd;h .Kkh lrkq ,nkafka hï j¾Ihl Wm;a yd urK

w;r fjki uOH jd¾Isl ck ixLHdfjka fn§fuka nj'

ck ixLHd j¾Okwkqmd;h

o< Wm;a - o< urK + Y=oaO ixl%uK=

100

iajNdúl j¾Ok wkqmd;h Wm;a ixLHdj - urK ixLHdj=

ck ixLHdfõ j¾Okwkqmd;h

iajNdúl j¾Okwkqmd;h

Y=oaO ixl%uKwkqmd;h

= + x100

1000


Wm;a ixLHdj - urK ixLHdj=

uOH jd¾Isl ck.ykhx100%


Wm;a wkqmd; - urK wkqmd;=

1000x100%

- 114 -

• iajNdúl j¾Ok wkqmd;h Ok w.hla .kakdúg ck.ykh jeäùula o iajNdúl

j¾Ok wkqmd;h RK w.hla .kakd úg ck.ykh wvqùula o isÿjk nj'

• j¾Ihla ;=< rgl we;sjk Wm;a ixLHdj uek olajk ñkqu o< Wm;a wkqmd;h

nj'

• ksYaÑ; j¾Ihl uOH jd¾Isl ck ixLHdfjka ta j¾Ih ;=< oyilg isÿjk urK

ixLHdj fn§fuka o< urK wkqmd;h .Kkh l< yels nj'

• <ore urK wkqmd;h my; mßÈ .Kkh lrk nj'

• rgl ck.ykfha isák ia;S% ixLHdjg wkql+, j isák msßñ ixLHdj oelafjk

wkqmd;slh tu ia;S% ixLHdfjka tla oyilg olajk m%udKh mqñ;sß wkqmd;h

nj'

• miq.sh jir 25 ld,h ;=< YS% ,xldfõ ck.ykfha isÿ ù we;s fjkiaùï my;

mßÈ oelaúh yels nj'

• ck ixLHd j¾Ok fõ.h ie,lsh hq;= f,i wvqùu

• uE; j¾Ij, § Y=oaO ixl%uK" ck.yk j¾Okh flfrys n,mdk jeo.;a

idOlhla ùu

• ck ixLHdj 1981 ,laI 148 isg 2007 ,laI 200 la olajd ,laI 52 lska

jeä ùu

• jhia jHqyfha fjkila olakg ,eîu

• <ud m%;sY;h wvqùu

• jev l< yels jhfia ck ixLHdj wvqùu

• jhia.; ck.ykh jeäùu

• <ore urK wkqmd;h wvqùu

• iajNdúl j¾Okh wvqùu

o< Wm;a wkqmd;hiÔù Wm;a ixLHdj

=

uOH jd¾Isl ck.ykhx1000

mqñ;sßwkqmd;h

rg ;=< isá msßñ ixLHdj=

rg ;=< isák .eyeKq ixLHdjx1000

o< urK wkqmd;hjd¾Isl urK ixLHdj

=

uOH jd¾Isl ck.ykhx1000

<ore urKwkqmd;h

j¾Ih ;=< jhi wjq' 1g wvqfjkañh hk ixLHdj

=iÔù ore Wm;a ixLHdj

x 1000

- 115 -

jevl< yels jhfia ck ixLHdj

• hemqï wkqmd;

• jhia.; hemqï wkqmd;

• <ud hemqï wkqmd;

o< Wm;a wkqmd;h o< urK wkqmd;h

<ore urK wkqmd;h

ud;D urK wkqmd;h

ck.yk j¾Ok wkqmd;h

Y=oaO ixl%uK wkqmd;h

ck.ykhck.ykhck.ykhck.ykhck.ykh

ck.yk j¾Okh 1000 m%;sY;hla

f,i fmkaùu

ú.ukwd.uk

wd.uk yd ú.uk w;r fjki

uOH jd¾Isl ck ixLHdfjka

1000 lg fldmuKoehs fmkaùu

urK ixLHdj u¾;H;djWm;a ixLHdj

iajNdúl j¾Okh" uOH

jd¾Isl ck.ykfha

m%;sY;hla f,i fmkaùu

iajNdúl j¾Ok wkqmd;h

ck.ykh jhia.; ùu

Y=oaO ixl%uK

ck.yk j¾Okh

iajNdúl j¾Okh +

-

- 116 -

ksmqK;d uÜgu 11'9 ( YS% ,xldfõ Y%u n,ldh .Kkh lrk whqre olajhs'


bf.kqï M, (

• Y%u n,ldh w¾: olajhs'

• ixLHd o;a; Ndú; lrñka Y%u n,ldh iy Y%u n,ld iyNd.S;ajh wkqmd;h

.Kkh lrhs'

• Y%u n,ldh ;SrKh lrk idOl kïlr meyeÈ,s lrhs'


• ksYaÑ; ld, iSudjla ;=< jegqmla fyda wd¾Ól m%;s,dNhla wfmalaIdfjka

wd¾Óluh jákdlula we;s NdKav yd fiajd ksIamdokh lsÍu i|yd Y%uh iemhSug

wfmalaId lrk wju iy Wmßu jhia iSudjla ;=< isák ish¨u mqoa.,hkaf.a

tl;=j Y%u n,ldh nj'

• Y%u n,ldhg we;=<;a fkdjk mqoa.,hska my; mßÈ oelaúh yels nj

• .DyKshka

• mQ¾K ld,Sk isiqka

• mQ¾K wdndê;hka

• iaj leue;af;ka /lshd fkdlrk wh

• YS% ,xldfõ Y%u n,ldh .Kkh lsÍfï § wju jhia iSudj wjqreÿ 10 la f,i

.;a; o Wmßu jhia iSudj ie,ls,a,g fkd.kakd nj'

• ta wkqj Y%u n,ldhg YS% ,xldfõ we;=<;a lrkq ,nkafka .Kka .kakd Èkg fmr

i;shla ;=< jegqmla fyda wd¾Ól m%;s,dNhla fyda wfmalaIdfjka fiajd kshqla; yd

fiajd úhqla; ish¨u mqoa.,hska nj'

• YS% ,xldfõ uq¿ ck.ykfhka wjqreÿ 10 g jeä mqoa.,hka jevl< yels jhfia

ck ixLHdj f,i i,lk nj'

• Y%u n,ldh jevl< yels jhfia ck ixLHdfõ m%;sY;hla f,i oelaùu Y%u

n,ld iyNd.S;aj wkqmd;h nj'

Y%u n,ldh fiajd kshqla;ck.ykh

= fiajd úhqla;ck.ykh

+

- 117 -

• YS% ,xldfõ Y%u n,ldh ms<sn| f;dr;=re imhkafka ckf,aLk yd ixLHdf,aLk

fomd¾;fïka;=j nj'

• Y%u n,ldh ;SrKh lrk idOl my; mßÈ oelaúh yels nj'

• ck ixLHdfõ m%udKh

• wka;¾ cd;sl ixl%uK

• jhia ixhq;sh

• m%ñ;sß ixhq;sh

• újdyl wújdyl nj

• wOHdmk uÜgu

• iudc wdrlaIK fiajd

• kd.ÍlrKh

• fi!LH yd fmdaIK uÜgu

• iudc ixialD;sl yd wd.ñl ixl,am

Y%u n,ld

iyNd.S;aj wkqmd;h

Y%u n,ldh=

jev l< yels ck.ykhx100%

- 118 -

ksmqK;d uÜgu 11'10 ( YS% ,xldfõ fiajd kshqla;sfha yd fiajd úhqla;sfha m%udKd;aul

yd jHqyd;aul ;;a;aj úuid n,hs'


bf.kqï M, (

• fiajd kshqla;sh hkak w¾: olajñka tys jHqyh bÈßm;a lrhs'

• mQ¾K fiajd kshqla;sh yd W!k fiajd kshqla;sh w;r fjki ksoiqka iys; j

fmkajd fohs'

• fiajd úhqla;sh w¾: olajñka tys jHqyh bÈßm;a lrhs'

• YS% ,xldfõ fiajd úhqla;shg fya;= bÈßm;a lrhs'

• fiajd úhqla;sfha m%;súmdl ksoiqka iys; j ú.%y lrhs'


• jegqmla fyda fjk;a wd¾Ól m%;s,dNhl wfmalaIdfjka M,odhS wd¾Ól lghq;a;l

ksr;ùu fiajd kshqla;sh nj'

• ck yd ixLHd f,aLk fomd¾;fïka;=fõ ks¾jpkhg wkqj YS% ,xldfõ fiajd

kshqla;sh hkq .Kka .kakd ld,h ;=< mehla fyda thg jeä ld,hla fõ;khla"

,dNhla fyda f.ùula wfmalaIdfjka fyda mjqf,a wdodhï bmhSfï lghq;a;l

fh§u nj'

• fiajd kshqla;s wkqmd;h fidhkq ,nkafka my; mßÈ nj'

• rgl 97] la muK fiajd kshqla;shla mj;S kï th mQ¾K fiajd kshqla;sh nj'

• wd¾Ól jDoaêhla mj;sk úg mQ¾K fiajd kshqla;shla we;sjk nj'

• mQ¾K fiajd kshqla;shla mj;sk úg ck;djf.a Ôjk ;;a;ajh by< hk nj'

• mQ¾K fiajd kshqla;shla mj;sk úg iudc úfrdaë ls%hd wvqjk nj'

• W!k fiajd kshqla;sh wdldr lsysmhlg mej;sh yels nj'

• mQ¾K ld,Sk j jev l< o wvq wdka;sl M,odjla ,eîu

• iqÿiqlïj,g jvd wvq /lshdjl kshqla; ùu

• mQ¾K ld,Sk j jev fkdue;s ùu

• mQ¾K ld,Sk j fyda w¾Old,Skj fiajd kshqla; jqjo Y%ñlhkaf.a wdka;sl

M,odj Y=kH fõ kï th ieÕjqK fiajd úhqla;sh f,i y÷kajk nj'

fiajd kshqla;swkqmd;slh

fiajd kshqla;sh=

Y%u n,ldhx100%

- 119 -

• W!k fiajd kshqla;sfha wd¾Ól m%;súmdl my; mßÈ nj'

• wd¾Ól ksIamdokh wvqùu

• Y%uh wmf;a hdu

• wdodhï jHdma;s úIu;d we;sùu

• Y%ufha M,odj wvqùu

• Y%ñlhkag wdodhu wvqùu ksid oßø;dj we;sùu

• iudc úfrdaë ls%hd we;sùu

• fiajd úhqla;sfha m%fNao mj;sk nj'

• fiajd úhqla;sh my; mßÈ .Kkh l< yels nj'

• YS% ,xldfõ fiajd úhqla;sfha iajrEm j,g ksoiqka my; oelafjk nj'

• uE; ld,Sk j fiajd úhqla;sh my< jefgñka mej;Su

• W.;a ;reK fldgi w;r fiajd úhqla;s wkqmd;h by< uÜgul mj;S'

• ia;S% fiajd úhqla;sh idfmalaI jYfhka jeä nj'

• .%dóh wxYfha fiajd úhqla;sh idfmalaI j jeä nj'

• fiajd úhqla;sfha m%;súmdlj,g ksoiqka my; oelafjk nj'

• iudchg ,nd .; yels Wmßu ksIamdok uÜgu wysñ ùu

• /lshd wysñ ùu ksid wdodhu wysñùfuka oßø;djh by< hdu

• ndysr ixl%uK by< hdu

• rcfha Y=NidOk úhou by< hdu

• foaYmd,k yd iudc fkdikaiqka;d we;sùu

• YS% ,xldfõ fiajd úhqla;sh wvq lsÍug .; yels ls%hd ud¾.j,g ksoiqka my;

oelafjk nj'

• by< wd¾Ól j¾Okhla we;slr .ekSu

• há;, myiqlï jeä lsÍu

• ld¾ñl moku mq¿,a lsÍu

• .%dóh iq¿ mßudK l¾udka; we;s lsÍu

• jD;a;sh mqyqKqj ,nd §u

• úfoaY fiajd kshqla;sh jeälsÍu

• iajhx /lshd wjYH;d mq¿,a lsÍu

fiajd úhqla;swkqmd;slh

fiajd úhqla;s ck.ykh=

Y%u n,ldhx100%

- 120 -

ksmqK;d uÜgu 11'11 ( YS% ,xldfõ Y%u fjf<|fmd< wdYs%; újdÈ; lreKq úuihs'


bf.kqï M, (

• Y%ufha ndysr ixl%uK y÷kajñka thg fya;= ksoiqka iys; j bÈßm;a lrhs'

• Y%ufha ndysr ixl%uK j, wd¾Ól m%;súmdl úia;r lrhs'

• Y%u fjf<|fmdf<a oDV nj y÷kajñka thg fya;= ksoiqka iys; j meyeÈ,s lrhs'

• Y%u fjf<|fmdf<a oDV;djfha wd¾Ól m%;ssúmdl úia;r lrhs'


• Y%ñlhka tla m%foaYhlska ;j;a m%foaYhlg hdu Y%u ixl%uKh nj'

• ksIamdok idOlj, fjkialï" jegqma uÜgï iy Y%u iemhqfï fjkialï u;

Y%uh ixl%uKh jk nj'

• rglska rglg isÿjk Y%u ixl%uKh ksid fiajd úhqla;sh wvqjk nj'

• W.;a nqoaêuh msßi rg yer hdu nqoaê .,khla f,i i,lk w;r th wd¾Ólhg

.eg¿jla nj'

• ueo fmrÈ. /lshd i|yd nyq, jYfhka mqoa.,hska úfoaY .; jk w;r ta ;=<

ldka;djka jeä nj'

• Y%uh msgrgj,g we§hdu ksid úfoaY úksuh" ixl%du f,i YS% ,xldjg ,efnk

nj'

• foaYSh Y%u fjf<|fmdf<a oDV;djhla mj;sk nj'

• tkï Y%u b,a¨ï yd iemhqï ;;a;ajhka blauKska fjkia fkdùu nj'

• Y%u fjf<|fmdf<a Y%u iemhqu yd fiajd kshqla;s bv m%ia;d w;r fkd.e<mSula

mj;sk nj'

• Y%u fjf<|fmd< my; mßÈ m%ia;dr igyklska oelaúh yels nj'

• by< jegqma ;,fhka Y%u b,a¨ug jvd iemhqu mj;sk nj'

• ld,h;a iu. Y%u fjf<|fmdf<a we;sjk b,a¨ï iemhqï ;;a;ajhka yd rcfha

ueÈy;aùu wkqj Y%u fjf<|fmdf<a fjkialï we;sjk nj'

• Y%u b,a¨ug iß,k mßÈ Y%u iemhqu kuH fkdùu .eg¿ iy.; nj'

fiajd úhqla;sh

m%u; fiajd kshqla;sh

Y%u m%udKh

jeäùu

W1

W

D

S

- 121 -

ksmqK;dj 12 ( ksoyiska miq Y%S ,xld wd¾Ólfha l%shdldß;ajh ;=,kd;aul j

w.h hs'

ksmqK;d uÜgu 12'1 ( Y%s ,xld wd¾Ólfha o< foaYSh ksIamdÈ;h yd fiajd kshqla;sfha

wdxYsl ixhq;sh úuihs'


bf.kqï M, (

• Y%S ,xldfõ o< foaYSh ksIamdos;hg rdcH yd fm!oa.,sl wxYfha iyNd.s;ajh

ixikaokh lrhs'

• Y%S ,xld o< foaYSh ksIamdÈ;fha uE;ld,Sk fjkialï yd Bg fya;= úuihs'

• Y%S ,xld fiajd kshqla;sfha wdxYsl ixhq;sh meyeÈ,s lrhs'

• Y%S ,xldfõ fiajd kshqla;shg rdcH yd fm!oa.,sl wxYfha odhl;ajh ikaikaokh

lrhs'

• Y%S ,xld fiajd kshqla;sfha uE;ld,Sk fjkialï yd Bg fya;= úuihs'


• YS% ,xldfõ o< foaYSh ksIamdÈ;h ckf,aLk yd ixLHdf,aLk fomd¾;fïka;=j

wxY 13 lg j¾.lr we;s nj'

• tu wxYhka m%Odk jYfhka lDIsld¾ñl" ld¾ñl yd fiajd hk lafIa;% Tiafia

ilialr we;s nj'

• o< foaYSh ksIamdÈ;fha wdxYsl ixhq;sh lDIsld¾ñl" ld¾ñl yd fiajd

hk lafIa;%j,ska iukaú; ù we;s nj'

• ksoyiska miq YS% ,xldfõ tla tla ld,jljdkq ;=< § wdxYsl odhl;ajh l%ufhka

fjkia ù we;s w;r fï i|yd ksoiqka my; oelafjk nj'

1950 1970 1980 2000 2009

lDIsld¾ñl wxYh 46.3% 28.3% 27.6% 19.9% 12.6%

ld¾ñl wxYh 16.9% 23.8% 29.6% 27.3% 29.7%

fiajd wxYh 36.9% 47.9% 42.8% 52.8% 57.7%

• rgl Y%u n,ldfhka fld;rï m%udKhla lDIsld¾ñl" ld¾ñl yd fiajd wxYfha

kshef,kjd o hkak fiajd kshqla;s wdxYsl odhl;ajfhka oelafjk nj'

- 122 -

• ksoyiska miq YS% ,xldfõ fiajd kshqla;s wdxYsl odhl;ajh i|yd ksoiqka my;

oelafjk nj '

1953 1977 1996 2008

lDIsld¾ñl wxYh fiajd kshqla;sh 53% 46% 38% 32.7%

ld¾ñl wxYh fiajd kshqla;sh 13% 14% 22% 26.3%

fiajd wxYh fiajd kshqla;sh 34% 40% 40% 41%

• ld¾ñl yd fiajd wxYh l%ufhka m%idrKh jkúg Y%u n,ldfhka ta i|yd

orkq ,nk iyNd.S;ajh o fjkiajk nj'

• rgl wd¾Ól j¾Okh iu. trg ck;djf.a wdodhï ;;a;ajh o by< f.dia

lDIsld¾ñl wxYfha jeo.;alu ld¾ñl yd fiajd wxYhg keUqre ù we;s nj'

• rgl ixj¾Okh jeäjk úg lDIsld¾ñl wxYhg jvd ld¾ñl yd fiajd

wxYj, jHqyd;aul fjkialï isÿjk nj'

• fï i|yd rdcH wxYh iy fm!oa.,sl wxYh o odhljk wdldrh wkqj tys

iyNd.S;ajh ;SrKh ù we;s nj'

- 123 -

ksmqK;d uÜgu 12'2 ( ksoyiska miq YS% ,xldfõ uq¿ iïm;a iy tys Wmfhdackh

úuiñka wd¾Ól j¾Okfha rgdj úYaf,aIKh lrhs'


bf.kqï M, (

• YS% ,xldfõ uq¿ iïm;a ilia jk whqre meyeÈ,s lrhs'

• iïm;a Wmfhdackfha wxY meyeÈ,s lrhs'

• YS% ,xldfõ m%Odk b;=reï uQ,dY% úia;r lrhs'

• ksoyiska miq YS% ,xldfõ wd¾Ól j¾Ok rgdfõ iqúfYaIS ld,jljdkq ksoiqka

weiqfrka ú.%%y lrhs'


• YS% ,xldfõ uq¿ iïm;a ixhq;sh o< foaYSh ksIamdos;h iy NdKav yd fiajd

wdkhkj,ska iukaú; nj'

• ksoyiska miq Y%S ,xld wd¾Ólfha o< foaYSh ksIamdos;h yd wdkhk jHqyfha

fjkialï ;=<ska uq¿ iïm;a tla tla ld,jljdkq ;=< fjkia jq w;r tA i|yd

ksoiqka my; oelafjk nj'

2005 2006 2009

o< foaYSh ksIamdos;h 64.3% 70.9% 78.2%

NdKav yd fiajd wdkhk 35.7% 29.1% 21.8%

• rgl uq¿ iïm;a m%udKh jeälr .ekSu i|yd o< foaYSh ksIamdÈ;h by<

kxjd .ekSu i|yd wd¾Ól m%;sm;a;s yd kj Wmdh ud¾. Ndú; lr we;s nj'

• YS% ,xldfõ uq¿ iïm;a Wmfhdackh mrsfNdackh" wdfhdackh iy NdKav yd

fiajd wmkhk j,ska iukaú; nj'

• ksoyiska miq Y%S ,xldfõ uq¿ iïm;a Wmfhdackh tla tla ld,jljdkq ;=<

fjkia jq wdldrh my; oelafjk nj'

2005 2006 2009

mrsfNdackh 58% 58.8% 64.1 %

wdfhdackh 20% 37.5% 19.2%

NdKav yd fiajd wmkhk 22% 21.3% 16.7%

- 124 -

• Y%S ,xldfõ cd;sl b;sß lsÍï" foaYSh b;sß lsÍïj,ska iy úfoaYSh b;sß lsÍïj,ska

iukaú; nj'

• fm!oa.,sl yd rdcH b;sß lsÍïj,ska foaYSh b;sß lsÍï iukaú; nj'

• úfoaY Y=oaO idOl wdodhu iy úfoaY Y=oaO fm!oa.,sl ixl%duj,ska úfoaYSh b;sß

lsÍï iukaú; nj'

• Y%S ,xldfõ b;sß lsÍï ms<sn| f;dr;=re i|yd ksoiqka my; oelafjk nj'

2001 2006 2009

foaYSh b;sß lsÍï 15.8% 17.3% 18 %

úfoaYSh b;sß lsÍï 4.5% 6.1% 5.9%

cd;sl b;sß lsÍï 20.3% 23.4% 23.9%

• rgl cd;sl b;=reï j¾Okh lr .ekSu i|yd úfoaY Y=oaO fm!oa.,sl ixl%du

j¾Okh lr .; hq;= nj'

• rgl foaYSh b;=reï yd cd;sl b;=reï j¾Okh lr .ekSfuka wdfhdack ;;a;ajh

by< hk nj yd wd¾Ól j¾Okhg bka iqúfYaIs odhl;ajhla ,nd Èh yels nj'

• ksoyiska miq YS% ,xldfõ wd¾Ól j¾Ok rgdfõ iqúfYaIS ld,jljdkq my; oelafjk

mrsos jljdkq folla hgf;a fmkaúhyels nj'

• j¾I 1948 isg 1977 olajd ld,jljdkqj

• j¾I 1977 ka miq ld,jljdkqj

• j¾I 1948 isg 1977 olajd ld,jljdkqj ;=< wd¾Ól j¾Okh i|yd rPh jeä

odhl;ajhla ,nd¥ka w;r rdcH flakaøSh wd¾Ólhla mej;s nj'

• j¾I 1948 isg 1977 olajd ld,jljdkqj ;=< Y%S ,xldfõ wd¾Ól j¾Okh i|yd

wkq.ukh l< wd¾Ól m%;sm;a;s my; oelafjk f,i idrdxY l< yels nj'

• j¾I 1948 isg 1959 olajd - hg;a úð; ksoyia wd¾Ól m%;sm;a;sh

• j¾I 1960 isg 1977 olajd- wNHka;rdjf,dalk wd¾Ól m%;sm;a;sh ^wdkhk

wdfoaYk yd iqNidOk wd¾Ólh&

• j¾I 1977 oS Y%S ,xldfõ tf;la mej;s wNHka;rdjf,dalk wd¾Ól m%;sm;a;sh

fjkqjg ndysrdjf,dalk wd¾Ól m%;sm;a;sh fyj;a újD; wd¾Ól m%;sm;a;sh

y÷kajd ÿka nj'

• ndysrdjf,dalk wd¾Ól m%;sm;a;sh hgf;a rcfha ld¾HhNdrh iSud jQ w;r úfoaY

fjf<odu yd iïnkaO j mej;s iSudjk o bj;a l< nj'

- 125 -

ksmqK;d uÜgu 12'3 ( YS% ,xldfõ lDIsld¾ñl wxYh yd iïnkaO újdÈ; lreKq

úu¾Ykh lrhs'


bf.kqï M, (

• wd¾Ól ixj¾Ok ls%hdj,shg lDIsld¾ñl wxYfha odhl;ajfha we;s jeo.;alu

meyeÈ,s lrhs'

• foaYSh lDIs l¾udka;fha yd jeú,s lDIs l¾udka;fha fjki ksoiqka iys; j

meyeÈ,s lrhs'

• lDIs l¾udka;h wdY%s; l¾udka; ,ehsia;=.; lrhs'

• lDIsld¾ñl wxYfha iuia; ld¾h idOkh yd m%jK;d úia;r lrhs'

• foaYSh yd jeú,s lDIsl¾udka;fha mj;sk úIu;djhka yd .eg¿ úia;r lrhs'

• foaYSh yd jeú,s lDIsl¾udka;fha mj;sk .eg¿j,g úi÷ï fhdackd lrhs'


• j¾I 1977g fmr Y%S ,xldfõ lDIsl¾udka;hg m%n, ia:dkhla ysñ jq nj'

• cd;sl ksIamdokfhka wvlg muK odhl;ajh lDIsld¾udka;fhka ,enqKq nj'

• j¾I 1977g fmr mej;s rdcH flakaøSh wd¾Ól m%;sm;a;sh ;=< idudkH jYfhka

.%dóh wxYfha wdydr fnda. j.djkag yd ù f.dú;ek wd§hg fhduq jq nj'

• o< foaYSh ksIamdokhg foaYSh lDIsld¾ñl wxYfha odhl;ajh l%ufhka wvq jQ nj'

ksoiqka (

1950 j¾Ifha § o< foaYSh ksIamdokhg lDIs wxYfha odhl;ajh 46'3]la mej;s w;r

2009 j¾Ifha § th 12'6]la olajd wvq j we;'

• j¾;udkfha lDIs wxYfha jeäu odhl;ajh t<j¿" m<;=re wd§fhka ieÿï ,;a

fjk;a fnda.j,ska ,efnk nj'

• fojk yd f;jk kek ysñjkafka ms<sfj,ska ù yd jeú,s fnda.j,g nj'

• foaYSh lDIsl¾udka;fha mj;sk .eg¿ j,g ksoiqka my; oelafjk nj'

• lDIsfNda. wdkhkh lsÍu ksid foaYSh lDIsl¾udka;hg .eg¿ we;sùu

• lDIs fhojqïj, ñ, by< hdu

• ÿ¾j, c,l<uKdlrKh" Wiia j¾.fha îc fkd ,eîu iy lDñ Wjÿre wdÈ

.eg¿

• bvï len,s ùu iy wo f.dú whs;sfha .eg¿

• wf,úh ms<sn| .eg¿" fmr wiajkq yd miq wiajkq ydks wd§h

• jeú,s fnda. i|yd bvï nyq, jYfhka fhdod.ekSu

- 126 -

• foaYSh lDIs wxYh kexùug uE; § f.k we;s m%;sm;a;suh Wmdh ud¾.j,g ksoiqka

my; oelafjk nj'

• lDIsl¾udka;hg fhdod .kakd Ys,am{dkh jeä ÈhKq lsÍug lghq;= lsÍu

• jHdma;s fiajdj Yla;su;a lsÍu

• fm!oa.,sl jHjidhka Yla;su;a lsÍu

• wdydr ieliSï ;dlaIKh ÈhqKq lsÍu

• m<;=re yd u,a j.dj ÈhqKq lsÍu

• foaYSh lsß ksIamdokh k.d isgqùu

• lDIsl¾uhg wod< f;dr;=re ;dlaIKh .%dóh uÜgñka jHdma; lrùu

• iïm;a iq/lSu

• jeú,s fNda. wxYh kexùug uE; § f.k we;s mshjrj,g ksoiqka my; oelafjk

nj'

• jeú,s l¾udka;fha ixj¾Okhg cd;sl ie,eiaula ms<sfh< lsÍu

• f;a" fmd,a" rn¾ jeú,s fnda. ixj¾Okhg il%Sh wruqo,la ia:dmkh lsÍu

• fmdfydr iykdOdrh ,ndoSu

• lDIsl¾udka;h wdY%s; ld¾udka;j,g ksoiqka my; mßÈ oelaúh yels nj'

• fmd,a wdY%s; l¾udka;

• fmd,a f;,a ksIamdokh

• fldmamrd ksIamdokh

• fldyq wdY%s; ksmehqï

• lsß wdY%s; l¾udka;

• fhda.Ü ksIamdokh

• whsial%Sï ksIamdokh

• uqojmq lsß ksIamdokh

• rn¾ wdY%S; l¾udka;

• gh¾ ksIamdokh

• fuÜg ksIamdokh

• ISÜ rn¾ ksIamdokh

- 127 -

ksmqK;d uÜgu 12'4 ( YS% ,xldfõ ld¾ñl wxYh yd iïnkaê; újdÈ; lreKQ

úu¾Ykh lrhs'


bf.kqï M, (

• ld¾ñl wxYfha iuia; ld¾h idOkh iy m%jK;d úia;r lrhs'

• Y%S ,xldfõ ld¾ñl wxYfha ÈhqKqjg iq¿ yd laIqø jHjidhlhskaf.a ld¾h Ndrh

jeo.;a jk wdldrh ksoiqka weiqfrka ú.%y lrhs'


• Y%S ,xldfõ o< foaYSh ksIamdokfha wdxYsl odhl;ajh wkqj ld¾ñl wxYfha

ksIamdokfhka fjkia ù we;s wdldrh jljdkq ;=kla wdY%fhka my; mßos nj'

• fï wkqj o< jYfhka 30] m%udKhla ld¾ñl wxYfha odhl;ajhla mj;sk nj'

• Y%S ,xldfõ o< foaYSh ksIamdÈ;fha wdxYsl ixhq;shg wkqj ld¾ñl wxYh Wm wxY

y;rlg fnod we;s nj'

• m;,a yd leKsï

• ksIamdok ld¾udka;

• úÿ,s n,h" .Eia" c,h

• bÈ lsÍï wxYh

• Y%S ,xldfõ ld¾ñl wxYfha 50] jeä m%;sY;hla ksIamdok l¾udka; i|yd wh;a

jk w;r ksIamdok l¾udka; j¾. lrk cd;Hka;r m%ñ;hg wkqj bÈßfhka

isák ksIamdok l¾udka; fufia fm< .eiaúh yels nj'

• frÈms<s we.¿ï yd iï ksIamdok

• wdydr mdk j¾. ksIamdokh

• ma,diaála ridhksl øjH Lksc f;,a yd rn¾ ksIamdok

• f,day fkdjk yd ilia l< f,day ksIamdok

o< foaYSh ksIamdÈ;fha odhl;ajh wkqjo< foaYSh ksIamdÈ;fha odhl;ajh wkqjo< foaYSh ksIamdÈ;fha odhl;ajh wkqjo< foaYSh ksIamdÈ;fha odhl;ajh wkqjo< foaYSh ksIamdÈ;fha odhl;ajh wkqj

1' 1950-1970 20]-24]

2' 1980-2000 30]-27]

3' 2000-2008 30]-29]

jljdkq jljdkq jljdkq jljdkq jljdkq ld¾ñl wxYhld¾ñl wxYhld¾ñl wxYhld¾ñl wxYhld¾ñl wxYh

- 128 -

• Y%S ,xldfõ ld¾ñl wxYfha iuia; ld¾h idOkh ;=< jßka jr ld¾ñl

ixj¾Okh i|yd ld¾ñl m%;sm;a;s l%shd;aul jQ nj yd l%shd;aul jk nj'

ksoiqka (

• wdkhk wdfoaYk l¾udka; Èß .ekaùu

• wmkhk wNsuqL l¾udka; ^úfoaY fjf<|md< b,lal .; wmkhk&

• iq¿ yd uOH mßudK l¾udka; m%j¾Okh lsÍu

• ld¾ñl wxYfha j¾Okh i|yd rch u.ska isÿfldg we;s l%shdud¾.j,g

ksoiqka my; mßÈ oelaúh yels nj'

• f.da,Sh fjf<|fmd<g m%fõY ùfï ud¾. mq¿,a lsÍu

• rch úiska fm!oa.,sl wxYh fj; Wiia ;dlaIKh Ndú;h i|yd rdcH

uQ,H Èß .ekaùï ,nd §u

• fm!oa.,sl yd rdcH wxYfha b,lal .; Èß.ekaùï ;=<ska wdrïN fldg we;s

m%dfoaYsh ld¾ólrK jev igyka we;slsrSu

• 2006-2016 YS% ,xldfõ oi wjqreÿ ld¾ñl ixj¾Ok ie,iqfï wruqKq my;

oelafjk nj'

• YS% ,xldfõ jeä M,odhS;djhla i|yd ;r.ldÍ l¾udka; we;s lsÍu

• cd;sl kj fidhd .ekSï ;=<ska m%dfoaYSh j l¾udka; we;s lsÍu

• b;du;a iq¿fjka wrUd we;s laIqø jHdmdr m%j¾Okh lsÍu

• wdh;kj, ;r.ldÍ;ajh ÈhqKq lsÍu i|yd rch u.ska há;, myiqlï

ixj¾Okh lsÍu

• N+f.da,Sh mokï u; ld¾ñl m¾Io (Clusters) yd ld¾ñl wmkhk m%j¾Okh

lsÍu

• úfoaY m%;sm;a;sh ;=< iEu rgla iu. in|;djfhka iDcq wdfhdack

m%j¾Okh lsÍu

• laIqø jHjidhlhka hkq l=vd m%d.aOkhla fhdojd mjqf,a Y%uhu Wmfhda.S

lr .ksñka mj;ajd f.k hk b;du iq¿ jHdmdrhka nj'

• YS% ,xldfõ ld¾ñl wxYfha j¾Okhg laIqø jHjidhlhka f.a odhl;ajhg

jeo.;a jk nj'

• m%dfoaYSh mj;sk laIqø jHjidhlhla oekqj;a lrñka Tjqkag wjYHh rdcH

uQ,H m%;smdok yd nexl= Kh ,nd §ug mshjr f.k we;s nj'

- 129 -

ksmqK;d uÜgu 12'5 ( YS% ,xldfõ fiajd wxYh yd iïnkaO újdÈ; lreKq úu¾Ykh

lrhs'


bf.kqï M, (

• wd¾Ól ixj¾Ok ls%hdj,shg fiajd wxYfha odhl;ajh jeo.;a jk wdldrh fmkajd

fohs'

• fiajd wxYfha jHqyh yd m%udK m%jK;d úia;r lrhs'

• há;, myiqlï ixj¾Okh lsÍu fiajd wxYfha j¾Okh yd jHqyuh fjkiaùï

isÿùug n,mdk wdldrh ksoiqka iys; j úia;r lrhs'

• há;, myiqlï ixj¾Okh lsÍfuys ,d fm!oa.,sl wxYfha odhl;ajh jeo.;ajk

wdldrh fmkajd fohs'


• wd¾Ól ixj¾Ok ls%hdj,shg wfkl=;a wxYj,g idfmalaI j fiajd wxYfha

odhl;ajh jeä ù we;s nj'

• 1950 j¾IhoS 34] lg odhl jQ fiajd wxYh 1977 j¾Ihos 46] olajd j¾Okh ù

1991 - 2000 oYlfha 50] olajd;a 2009 jk úg 57'7] olajd;a j¾Okh ù we;s nj'

• fiajd wxYh wd¾Ólh ;=< m%idrKh fjñka mj;sk nj'

• fiajd wxYh m%idrKh ùfï jeo.;alï my; mßÈ oelaúh yels nj'

• rgla wd¾Ól jYfhka fõ.j;a j¾Okhlg hkúg fiajd i|yd b,a¨ï

kuH;djh tlg jeä w.hla .kakd ksid fiajd wxYfha ÈhqKqj we;sùu

• fiajd i|yd wjYH lrk iajNdúl iïm;a m%udKh wfkla wxYj,g idfmalaI

j b;du wvq ksid YS% ,xldj jeks l=vd rglg fiajd wxYfha m%idrKh jeo.;a

ùu

• ;sridr ixj¾Ok ixl,amhg wod< jQ iajNdúl m%d.aOkh /l .ekSu ksid

f.da,ShlrK ls%hdj,sh ;=< fiajd wxYh m%idrKh ùug bjy,a ùu bka by<

m%;s,dN ,nd .; yels ùu

• lDIs yd ld¾ñl wxYj,g idfmalaI j fiajd wxYh by< M,odhS;djla jd¾;d

lsÍu

• jeäfjñka mj;akd ck.ykhg wjYH wdodhï bmhSfï wjia:d ckkh

lsÍug jeo.;a ùu

• lDIs yd ld¾ñl wxYh u; j;alï ckkh lsÍug ld¾hlaIu wxYh f,i

fiajd wxYfhka jeo.;a odhl;ajhla ,eîu

• ksIamdokh fnod yeÍu yd mßfNdackh hk wxY iïnkaëlrKh lrñka

ck;djf.a f;aÍï ieis mq¿,a lsÍug bjy,a ùu

- 130 -

• .Kqfokq msßjeh wvq lsÍug fiajd wxYh odhl;ajh iemhSu

• by< wd¾Ól j¾Okhla yd wd¾Ól ixj¾Okhla <Õd lr .ekSu i|yd ld¾hlaIu

wd¾Ól há;, myiqlï moaO;shla yd Yla;su;a kshduk rduqjla mej;Su mQ¾j

wjYH;djhla nj'

• há;, myiqlï b,lal lr.;a fiajdjka f,i m%jdyk fiajd" úÿ,s ixfoaY

fiajd" c, iïmdokh iy n, Yla;sh jeks fiajd oelaúh yels nj'

• fuu fiajd ÈhqKq lsÍu i|yd úfoaYSh wdOdr yd wdfhdack ,nd .ekSfï wjYH;djh

we;s nj'

• há;, myiqlï ixj¾Okh i|yd rdcH iy fm!oa.,sl fowxYfha u wdfhdack

by< oeóug rch ls%hdud¾. f.k we;s nj'

• fld<U - ud;r wêfõ.S .uka ud¾.h ksoiqka f,i oelaúh yels nj'

• rcfha oi wjqreÿ oelau ixj¾Ok m%;sm;a;s rduqj 2006-2016& wd¾Ól ixj¾Okh

fõ.j;a lsÍu i|yd há;, myiqlïj, jeo.;alu ;Èka u wjOdrKh lr we;s

nj'

• há;, myiqlï ixj¾Okh i|yd jHdmD;s rdYshla wdrïN lsÍug mshjr f.k

we;s w;r ksoiqka f,i rkafodr cd;sl há;, myiqlï ixl,amh oelaúh

yels nj'

• rkafodr cd;sl há;, myiqlï ixj¾Ok m%fõYh hgf;a ,efnk myiqlïj,g

ksoiqka my; i|yka jk nj'

• ùrú, .=jka f;dgqfmd<

• yïnkaf;dg jrdh ixlS¾Kh

• yïnkaf;dg mßmd,k ixlS¾Kh

• ol=Kq m%jdyk ixj¾Ok jHdmD;sh

• fkdfrdÉfpdaf,a ;dm úÿ,s n,d.drh

• by< fld;auf,a c, úÿ,s n,d.drh

• flrj,msáh .,a wÕ=re n,d.drh

• uy oUq,a, ixj¾Okh

• W;=re uyd ud¾.h

• hdmkh c, iïmdok fhdackd l%uh

• uy fld<U c,dmjyk moaO;sh m%;sixialrKh

• há;, myiqlï iemhSu i|yd rch fm!oa.,sl wxYh úúO l%u hgf;a

iïnkaO lr .kakd w;r tajd i|yd ksoiqka my; ±lafjk nj

• bÈlsÍu fufyhùu iy mejÍu ^BOT l%uh&

• bÈ lsÍu" ysñlr .ekSu iy fufyhùu ^BOO l%uh&

• bÈ lsÍu" ysñlr .ekSu" fufyhùu iy mejÍu ^BOOT l%uh&

- 131 -

ksmqK;d uÜgu 12'6 ( iuld,Sk wd¾Ól isÿõï úu¾Ykh lrhs


bf.kqï M, (

• iuld,skj isÿ ù we;s foaYSh wd¾Ól isÿùïj, wd¾Ól m%;súmdl ksoiqka iys;j

ú.%y lrhs'

• iuld,skj isÿ ù we;s f.da,Sh wd¾Ól isÿùïj, wd¾Ól m%;súmdl ksoiqka iys;j

ú.%y lrhs


• iuld,Skj foaYSh yd úfoaYShj isÿjk iudc" foaYmd, wd¾Ól yd ixialD;sl

fjkia ùu furg wd¾Ólhg n,mdk nj'

• fuu iuld,Sk wd¾Ól isÿùï m%Odk jYfhka foaYSh yd f.da,Sh f,i j¾. l<

yels nj'

• foaYSh iuld,Sk wd¾Ól isÿùïj,g ksoiqkla f,i iqkdñ jHjikh oelaúh

yels nj'

• f.da,Sh iuld,Sk wd¾Ól isÿùïj,g ksoiqka my; mßÈ oelaúh yels nj'

• cd;Hka;r uQ,H w¾nqoh

• iyY% ixj¾Ok wNsu;d¾: f,djg y÷kajd §u

• foaYSh iuld,Sk wd¾Ól isÿùï Y%S ,xld wd¾Ólhg ys;lr yd wys;lr wdldrhg

n,mdk w;r th my; mßÈ ksoiqka weiqfrka meyeÈ,s lr yels nj'

• iqkdñ jHikh ksid fjr< wdikak m%foaYj, há;, myiqlï" ld¾udka;"

ñksia ðú; yd foam, úkdY ùu Y%S ,xld wd¾Ólfha ixj¾Okhg wys;lr

f,i n,mEu

• f.da,Sh iuld,Sk wd¾Ól isÿùï wd¾Ólhg ys;lr iy wys;lr f,i n,mEï

lsÍug yels nj th my; mßÈ ksoiqka weiqfrka fmkaúh yels nj'

• úfoaYSh fjf<|fmdf<a Lksc f;,a ñ, by< hdu furg Lksc f;,a ñ, by<

hdug n,mE w;r th Y%S ,xld wd¾Ólhg wys;lr f,i n,mdk ,§'

^ld,Sk jYfhka isÿ ù we;s wd¾Ól isÿùï ksoiqka f,i f.k Y%S ,xld wd¾Ólhg

n,mdk wdldrh isiqkag iu. idlÉPd lrkak'&

- 132 -

mdi, mokï lr.;a ;lafiarelrKh

- 133 -

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áµèùÔµ´{Ú &{ áè`ùßÒµ´{Ú ûÜèõÚ× ÷À`ùè`ùÛ´ ûÚóÚ& à`è×Û´ µ×$÷À$ èõ×ÔõÝ ý<õß &|´

èÝØ`<Ø×æÝ Ñ&Úùß ´ ÷Àõ ×ÔõÝ û`{`÷ÀÚÙÚ æØ`óæÚ. äß<$ àµù]$ù] ýÙû|µ´ùß ×ÔõÝ < æÜÚ×$ æØù

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àõØõÝØ ÷ÀÛ×. µ´× áµèùÔÈ - áè`ùßÒÈ æÜÚ×$<ÙÚ× à$ØÈþµ×ß ÷ÀÛ µ{$ß ´`÷À ÷ÀÛ µ{$ß àè ÷ÀÛ µ{$ß ×ù

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&‘Ñø$ù$õß æ &`Ù`&ß æß µ×$÷À$èõ ×ÔõÝµ<×Ú.

û$&Ù û÷ÀùÈ æØèõß à`è×ÛÈ <`òûÚ}Úµ<} {Ô÷¸ Ñþ$è æÜ ×æß µ{$ß ûÎæßÂó û`<`õßÒ´æß

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µ×$÷À$èõ {`æÚ <`òûÚ}Úµ<}æÚ.

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&`û×Û ×. à`è×ÛµÈ (õæßµ&ßØ` æÚÎµÈ) µ×÷ÀÛ &Ú®ù èÝØ`<Ø`ùßð õ´ &Ú&Ôùß &úÀ{$ µ÷À×$æ$Ø×æ

´$Ìµè$ßûµ÷ÀßÁæõß<× Ùý$ ÷ÀÚ× {`æÚ ×. ä´ ´$Ìµè$ßûµ÷ÀßÁ µû$÷¸µÓ {ú¸ùß<ùßµùß ûÜõÚ µû$ßÂó×

(Feed Back) {$ á÷ÀÚÍ µû$ßÂó× (Feed Forward) ×ùÔµ<ùÚ. &Ú&Ôùßµèß ÷¸ýÙõ$ {$ µù${`æÚ×$

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&{ ûÜýÙõ$ {ú¸ù$ èõß Ñð ä´ ÷ÀæßÂõ$ <`± ÷ÀÚ×ÔóÔ æÚÎ´ð á÷ÀÚÍ µû$ßÂó×õß Ùý$ ÷ÀÛ èÝØ` æ$Ì××

µ<×Ú.

- 134 -

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æ<Ø >ðÆùß &$æßÂ$õß æ} {`æÚ <Õµ×ß ÷À ×Ú {úù$ è`ùÛ &Ú&Ôùßð à<Á] µ<×Ú. à`è×ÛÈ <`òûÚ}Úµ<}

å&ßµ&ß &Ú&Ôùß }è$ æØ èõß ûÜÒóõ$ >ðÈ ùÚÁßë× æÚÎ´ µÈ àùÔ< èÝØ`<Ø`ùßµèùß ýÙ$µû$µØ$õßõÝ

<ù àõØ &Ú&Ôùß {$ µ÷À ÓûÚ×ùß à`õÝ_ µ<ùõß à÷À$} û$ÌÁ<<Ùð &Ú&Ô ûÜèõÚ× ûÚ}ÚýúÀ µõ$ØõÝØ`

&ùßùÚµÓ÷Àù× æÚÎ´ð èÝØ`<Ø`ùß µ×$ ÔÑ× ×ÔõÝ ×. µÈ &úÀ{$ µ×$÷À$èõ {`æÚ µ{$úÀ æÜ × <ùßµùß

&ùßõõÚæ< &Ú&Ôùß à`è×Û ð û$õÜ æÚÎ´ð áò ûÜ&ßö$ &Ù&ù û$&Ù û÷ÀùÈ æØèõß à`è×ÛÈ æÜ ××Ú.

×µö$ßæßõ àØ Ôó &{Úõ< æÜÚ×$ æØù èÝØ`<Ø`ùß Ñ&Úùß õ´ áè`ùßùÔÈ æÜÚ×$<ÙÚ×õß &Ú&Ôùßµèß áµèùÔÈ

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áè`ùßùÔÈ &{ à`è×ÛÈ æÜ´ µ×$÷À$ èõ ×ÔõÝ µ<×Ú. µÈ &Èýùßøµ×ùß &Ú&Ôùßð &{ èÝØ`<Ø`ùßð

µ×$÷À$ èõ {`æÚ ûÜµÓÁ ûÚ}ÚýúÀ ûÜµþß÷À æÚ{Úû×æß õÝ ÷À æßµ<×Ú. µÈ<$ µý$µ{$ß æÙæ &Úð èÝØ`<Ø`ùß

µ<õ Ñþ$è µ÷Àû$ÌõµÈùßõÝ< Ñ&Úùß ÷À í$õÚæ àø]$ûù à$×õù× Ñ&Úùß ÷À µõ$ØõÝØ` &Èû$÷Àù×

æØù Ù÷À æÜ µÓ÷À µ<×Ú. äµ{×Úùß äß<$ &Èýùßøµ×ùß û$&Ùß û÷ÀßøõÚµ×ß èÝØ`<Ø`ùß µ{$úÀÚùß ÷À ùÔ<õß

Ò à`õ`×Ú àµûßæßÂ$ µæµÌ. ä´ ûÜµþß÷À µ´µ&ß× :

01. û`<Ø`È 02. <]$û#õÚ

03. &ÇæßÂó 04. èµÓÂó

05. ùÚÎæßÂó 06. ûÜ÷ÀÌÁù / á÷ÀÚÍûõß æÚÎ´

07. æßµÂßõÜ ë$Íæ$ 08. µæ® ÙÚ¢õ ûÎæßÂó

09. <]Ô{èõ Øëù$ 10. Ñ<#õ èÜùßö ûÎæßÂó

11. ùÚÌ´$ó$õß æ æÜÚ×$æ$ØæÈ 12. ÁÜ<ó ûÎæßÂó

13. ûÜ$µ×$ßèÚæ æÜÚ×$æ$ØæÈ 14. æöù×

15. &ß< ùÚÌ´$ó 16. æóßò$×È æÜÚ×$æ$ØæÈ

17. &‘æÙßû &ÚõÚ×´ 18. ÷ÀßÑõß< &ð{ùß íÌùÙ

19. ÃõßõÚ ûÔ<õßûõß 20. ûÜÁßù Ñë$Ø$õß æ <`ò&ð{ùß

21. ûÜÁßù {$ ûÚ}ÚõÝØ` µû$õß 22. Ñ<$÷À

23. &$æ§ì$ ´óßòÙ 24. &È´ùßõÜó

25. æßÂóÚæ æö$ 26. þÞÆæ$ Ø‘èù

- 135 -

{úùß<$ ÷ÀÛ à`õÚ µ´´ áµèùÔÈ, áè`ùßùÔÈ &{ à`è×ÛÈ æÜ &|´ äææß &|´ ÑÂ××æß &Èýùßøµ×ùß

&|´ ÑÂ×× äßææ×æð µ×$÷À$ èõ×ÔõÝ ×`×Ú àµûßæßÂ$ µù$µæµØ×Ú. õ´ ÑÂ××ð, ÑÂ× äßææ×ð

è`}µûù ûÜµþß÷À×æß µõ$ßØ$ è`ùÛ ð èÝØ`<Ø`ùß ÷À ùÔ<õß Ñ× ×ÔõÝ×; <è ýÙ$ èõ ×ÔõÝ×.

µ´´ èÝØ` ´$Ìµè$ßûµ÷ÀßÁ &‘èÜ{<Ù èÝØ`<Ø`ùßð õ´ &Ú&Ôùßµèß áµèùÔÈ ûÜèõÚ× õæßµ&ßØ` æÚÎ´

&úÀ{$ µ×$÷À$èõ {`æÚ áµèùÔÈ - áè`ùßùÔÈ {$ à`è×ÛÈ ûÜµþß÷À ûÚ}ÚýúÀ &úÀ{ùæß õÚµÅ. äß<$ èÝØ`<Ø`ùß

Ñ&Úùß &Ô÷¸&Ô ûÍ÷ÀÚ õ´ ûùßõÚµ×ß &Ú&Ôùßµèß ûÜèõÚ× õæßµ&ßØ` æÚÎ´ ûÚóÚ& µ×$÷À$èõ ×ÔõÝ µ<×Ú. äß<$

þ$Ñõ µù$µæ$ð ´è {`Î´ &Ú&Ôùßð õ´ Á$&ßõÜÛ× {`æÚ×$ µ´ùß´ à$µÓ÷ÀùÚæ èõÚ ÙæßÂóõß

´µù$ßë$Ùæ ÷ÀæßÂõ$õß ûÚ}ÚýúÀ <Ìøù×æß }è$ æØ è`ùÛ õß ûÜ÷ÀÌÁù× æÚÎ´õß ûÚ}ÚýúÀ àòÔû$òÔ à`õÚ

æØ<×Ú.

- 136 -

m%fndaOd;aul bf.kqï-b.ekaùï we.hSï ie,iqï

^1&^1&^1&^1&^1& we.hSï wjia:djwe.hSï wjia:djwe.hSï wjia:djwe.hSï wjia:djwe.hSï wjia:dj ((((( jdrh 1 - ie,iqï 1

^2&^2&^2&^2&^2&wdjrKh flfrkwdjrKh flfrkwdjrKh flfrkwdjrKh flfrkwdjrKh flfrk

ksmqK;d uÜgïksmqK;d uÜgïksmqK;d uÜgïksmqK;d uÜgïksmqK;d uÜgï ((((( 7'1" 7'2" 7'3 iy 7'4

^3&^3&^3&^3&^3&ie,iqug wod<ie,iqug wod<ie,iqug wod<ie,iqug wod<ie,iqug wod<

úIh ikaOdrhúIh ikaOdrhúIh ikaOdrhúIh ikaOdrhúIh ikaOdrh ((((( • idudkH ñ, uÜgu

• ñ, o¾Yl

• WoaOukh

• ksreoaOukh

• wjOukh

• WoaOukhg fya;=

• WoaOukfha m%;súmdl

^4&^4&^4&^4&^4&ie,iqfï iajNdjh(ie,iqfï iajNdjh(ie,iqfï iajNdjh(ie,iqfï iajNdjh(ie,iqfï iajNdjh( lKavdhï mejreï

^5&ie,iqfï wruqKq^5&ie,iqfï wruqKq^5&ie,iqfï wruqKq^5&ie,iqfï wruqKq^5&ie,iqfï wruqKq ((((( • .fõIKh ;=<ska f;dr;=re /ia lrhs'

• /ia lrk ,o f;dr;=re j.= iy m%ia;dr igyka weiqfrka

bÈßm;a lrhs'

• YS% ,xldfõ idudkH ñ, uÜgu uksk ñ, o¾Yl j, Wmk;s

úuihs'

• WoaOukh" ksreoaOukh iy wjOukh hk ixl,am j, fjki

bÈßm;a lrhs'

• WoaOukhg fya;= úuihs'

• YS% ,xldfõ mj;sk WoaOukfha iajNdjh mrSlAId lrhs'

• WoaOukfha ys;lr yd wys;lr m%;súmdl úuihs'

^6&ie,eiau ls%hd;aul^6&ie,eiau ls%hd;aul^6&ie,eiau ls%hd;aul^6&ie,eiau ls%hd;aul^6&ie,eiau ls%hd;aul lsÍu i|yd Wmfoia( lsÍu i|yd Wmfoia( lsÍu i|yd Wmfoia( lsÍu i|yd Wmfoia( lsÍu i|yd Wmfoia(

.=re Wmfoia.=re Wmfoia.=re Wmfoia.=re Wmfoia.=re Wmfoia ((((( • ksmqK;d uÜgu 7'4 wjidkfha § lKavdhï mejreula ilia

lr bÈßm;a l< hq;= nj ksmqK;d uÜgu 7'1 wdrïNfha §u

isiqkag okajkak'

• we.hSï ks¾Kdhl ms<sn|j isiqka oekqj;a lrkak'

• úIh ikAOdrh wkqj ud;Dld ilia lrkak'

ksoiqka (

• jir lsysmhl YS% ,xldfõ idudkH ñ, uÜgfuys yeisÍu

• WoaOukhg fya;= iy m%;súmdl

- 137 -

• ksmqK;d uÜgu 7'4 wjidkfha § wjYH mßos isiqka lKavdhï

j,g fjka lrkak'

• ud;Dld lKavdhï j,g mjrd mejreu ilia lsÍug Wmfoia

,ndfokak'

• mejreu ilia lr bÈßm;a l< hq;= oskh wdrïNfha §u

isiqkag okajkak'

• f;dr;=re j.= iy m%ia;dr igyka weiqfrka ks¾udKYS,Sj

bÈßm;a l<hq;= nj isiqkag okajkak'

isiq Wmfoiaisiq Wmfoiaisiq Wmfoiaisiq Wmfoiaisiq Wmfoia ((((( • .=rejrhdf.a Wmfoia yd u`. fmkaùu wkqj ls%hdldrlfuys

fhfokak'

• lKavdhfï ish¨ iudðlhskaf.a odhl;ajh ,nd .kak

• wjYH ish¨u f;dr;=re we;=,;a lsÍug Wkka¥ jkak'


bÈßm;a lrkak'

• we.hSï ks¾Kdhl ms<sn| ie,ls,su;a jkak'

• .=rejrhd kshu lrk ,o ld,h ;=< mejreu ilia lr bÈßm;a

lrkak'

^7&^7&^7&^7&^7&we.hSï ks¾Kdhlwe.hSï ks¾Kdhlwe.hSï ks¾Kdhlwe.hSï ks¾Kdhlwe.hSï ks¾Kdhl ((((( • ud;Dldjg wod< j lreKq bÈßm;a lsÍu yd ixúOdkd;aul j

lreKq bÈßm;a lsÍu'


bÈßm;a lsÍu'

• úIh lreKq j, m%udKd;aul nj yd ksjeros nj'

• kshu lrk ,o ld,h ;=< mejreu ilia lr bÈßm;a

lsÍu'

• lKavdhfï ish¨ iudðlhskaf.a odhl;ajh,nd .ekSu iy

iduQysl j lghq;= lsÍu'

^8& ,l=Kq mrdih^8& ,l=Kq mrdih^8& ,l=Kq mrdih^8& ,l=Kq mrdih^8& ,l=Kq mrdih ((((( • b;d fyd|hs ' 04

• fyd|hs' 03

• uOHia:hs' 02

• ixj¾Okh úh hq;=hs' 01

- 138 -




ksmqK;d uÜgïksmqK;d uÜgïksmqK;d uÜgïksmqK;d uÜgïksmqK;d uÜgï ((((( 9'1" 9'2" 9'3" 9'4 iy 9'5


úIh ikaOdrhúIh ikaOdrhúIh ikaOdrhúIh ikaOdrhúIh ikaOdrh ((((( • fjf<|fmd< l%uhl wiu;a ùu iy thg fya;=

• ndysr;d

• fjf<|fmd< wd¾Ólhl rcfha ld¾hNdrh

• rdcH uQ,H m%;sm;a;sh

^4&^4&^4&^4&^4&ie,iqfï iajNdjh(ie,iqfï iajNdjh(ie,iqfï iajNdjh(ie,iqfï iajNdjh(ie,iqfï iajNdjh( lafIa;% pdßld

^5& ie,iqfï wruqK^5& ie,iqfï wruqK^5& ie,iqfï wruqK^5& ie,iqfï wruqK^5& ie,iqfï wruqK ((((( • ks¾udKYS,S j yd ;¾ldkql+, j ksÍlaIK ls%hdj,sfha fhfohs'

• iduQysl j lghq;= lrhs'

• fjf<|fmd< l%uh wiu;aùug fya;= ;¾ldkql+, j bÈßm;a

lrhs'

• m%dfhda.sl j ndysr;d wOHhkh fldg fjf<|fmd< l%uh

wid¾:lùu flfrys tys n,mEu mÍlaId lrhs'

• fjf<|fmd< wd¾Ólhl rcfha ld¾hNdrh úh hq;af;a l=ula

o hkak úuihs'

• rdcH uQ,H m%;sm;a;sh fhdod .; yels wdldr úu¾Ykh lrhs'

^6&ie,eiau ls%hd;aul^6&ie,eiau ls%hd;aul^6&ie,eiau ls%hd;aul^6&ie,eiau ls%hd;aul^6&ie,eiau ls%hd;aul

lsÍu i|yd Wmfoia(lsÍu i|yd Wmfoia(lsÍu i|yd Wmfoia(lsÍu i|yd Wmfoia(lsÍu i|yd Wmfoia(

.=re Wmfoia.=re Wmfoia.=re Wmfoia.=re Wmfoia.=re Wmfoia ((((( • ksmqK;d uÜgu 9'5 wjidkfha § lafIa;% pdßldjlg iyNd.S

ù ksÍlaIK jd¾;djla ms<sfh, lr bÈßm;a l< hq;= nj

ksmqK;d uÜgu 9'1 wdrïNfha §u isiqkag okajkak'

• mka;sfha isiqka iu. mdi,g wdikakfha msysá ndysr;d we;s

lrk ia:dk keröu i|yd wjia:dj Wodlr .kak'

ksoiqka (

.,afuda,la" i;aj f.dúm,la

- 139 -

• ta ;=<ska isiqkag Ok ndysr;d iy RK ndysr;d ms<sn|

wjfndaOh ,nd .ekSug bv i,iajkak'

• fï i|yd rch ueÈy;a ùu isÿjk whqre wjfndaO lr .ekSug

bv i,iajkak'

• ta ;=<ska rdcH uQ,H m%;sm;a;shl jeo.;alu m%dfhda.sl j

isiqkag wjfndaO lr .ekSug wjia:dj ,nd fokak'

• isiqka lKavdhï lr Tjqkag ksÍlaIK jd¾;djla ms<sfh,

lsÍug wjia:dj ,nd fokak'


fhfokak'

• ksÍlaIK ls%hd ;=<ska ;u lKavdhug wod< j f;dr;=re

idlÉPd lrñka tla /ia lr ksÍlaIK jd¾;djla ms<sfh,

lrkak'

• lKavdhï kdhlhdf.a u. fmkaùu wkqj idlÉPd lr .ksñka

l%udkql+, j lreKq fm< .iajkak'

• iduQysl j lghq;= lrkak'

• ,l=Kq msßkuk wdldrh ms<sn| ie,ls,su;a jkak'

^7&^7&^7&^7&^7&we.hSï ks¾Kdhlwe.hSï ks¾Kdhlwe.hSï ks¾Kdhlwe.hSï ks¾Kdhlwe.hSï ks¾Kdhl ((((( • ud;Dldjg wod< j ksÍlaIKh lsÍu yd ixúOdkd;aul j

lreKq tla /ialsÍu'

• tu lreKq ks¾udKYS,Sj yd ;¾ldkql+, j bÈßm;a lr ;sîu

• WÑ; wdldrhg lreKq f.dkq lsÍu'

• ld,h l<ukdlrKh lsÍu'

• lKavdhï ;=< iduQysl j yd Woafhda.Su;a j lghq;= lsÍu'

^8& ,l=Kq mrdih^8& ,l=Kq mrdih^8& ,l=Kq mrdih^8& ,l=Kq mrdih^8& ,l=Kq mrdih ((((( • b;d fyd|hs ' 04

• fyd|hs' 03

• uOHia:hs' 02


- 140 -


^1&^1&^1&^1&^1& we.hSï wjia:dwe.hSï wjia:dwe.hSï wjia:dwe.hSï wjia:dwe.hSï wjia:djjjjj ((((( jdrh 2 - ie,iqï 3


ksmqK;d uÜgïksmqK;d uÜgïksmqK;d uÜgïksmqK;d uÜgïksmqK;d uÜgï ((((( 10'1" 10'2" 10'3" 10'4" 10'5 iy 10'6


úIh ikaOdrhúIh ikaOdrhúIh ikaOdrhúIh ikaOdrhúIh ikaOdrh ((((( • wka;¾ cd;sl fjf<|dug mokï jQ idOl

• wka;¾ cd;sl fjf<|fï jdis iy wjdis

• f.jqï fYaIhg jk n,mEu

^4&^4&^4&^4&^4&ie,iqfï iajNdjh(ie,iqfï iajNdjh(ie,iqfï iajNdjh(ie,iqfï iajNdjh(ie,iqfï iajNdjh( újdoh

^5&ie,iqfï wruqK^5&ie,iqfï wruqK^5&ie,iqfï wruqK^5&ie,iqfï wruqK^5&ie,iqfï wruqK ((((( • ks¾udKYS,S j yd ;¾ldkql+, j lreKq bÈßm;a lrhs'

• l:k yelshdj j¾Okh lr .kshs'

• wka;¾ cd;sl fjf<|dug mokï jQ idOl bÈßm;a lrhs'

• wka;¾ cd;sl fjf<|dfï jdis iy wjdis bÈßm;a lrhs'

• wd¾Ólhg f.jqï fYaIfhys n,mEu ú.%y lrhs'



.=re Wmfoia.=re Wmfoia.=re Wmfoia.=re Wmfoia.=re Wmfoia ((((( • ksmqK;d uÜgu 10'6 wjidkfha § újdohlg iyNd.S

úh hq;= nj ksmqK;d uÜgu 10'1 wdrïNfha §u isiqkag

okajkak'

• mka;sfha isiqka lKavdhï follg fjka lrkak'

• ksmqK;d uÜgu 10'1 wdrïNfha § my; i|yka ud;Dld fol

wyUq f,i lKavdhï folg ,nd § újdohla i|yd iQodkï

jk f,i okajkak'

• cd;Hka;r fjf<|dug iïnkaOùfuka wd¾Ólh hym;a

fõ'

• cd;Hka;r fjf<|dug iïnkaOfkdùfuka wd¾Ólh

hym;a fõ'

• tla tla ksmqK;d uÜgu wjidkfha § Bg wod< úIh lreKq

újdoh i|yd wod< lr.; hq;= njg isiqkag Wmfoia fokak'

• kshu lrk ,o ld,Éfþo foll § újdoh meje;aúh hq;=

nj;a" we.hSï ks¾Kdhl ms<sn|j;a isiqka oekqj;a lrkak'

• újdoh w;r;=r § wod< ks¾Kdhl mokï lr f.k isiqkag

,l=Kq mjrkak'

- 141 -

isiq Wmfoiaisiq Wmfoiaisiq Wmfoiaisiq Wmfoiaisiq Wmfoia ((((( • .=rejrhdf.a Wmfoia yd u`. fmkaùu wkqj újdofhys

fhfokak'

• ;u lKavdhug ,enqKq ud;Dldjg wod< j f;dr;=re /ia

lr .kak' ^uy nexl= jd¾;dj we;=¿ fmd;am;a mßYS,kh

lrkak'&

• lKavdhï kdhlhd m;a lr .ekSu" tla tla idudðlhdg

,efnk ld,h" wjia:d .Kk wdÈh ms<sn| j .=rejrhd iu.

idlÉPd lr ;SrKh lr .kak'

^7&^7&^7&^7&^7&we.hSï ks¾Kdhlwe.hSï ks¾Kdhlwe.hSï ks¾Kdhlwe.hSï ks¾Kdhlwe.hSï ks¾Kdhl ((((( • ud;Dldjg wod< j lreKq bÈßm;a lsÍu yd ixúOdkd;aul j

lreKq bÈßm;a lsÍu

• woyia ks¾udKYS,S j yd ;¾ldkql+, j bÈßm;a lsÍu

• WÑ; f,i wx. p,kh yd ld,h l<ukdlrKh lsÍu

• m%;súreoaO msf<a ;¾l ì£u

• lKavdhï ;=< iduQysl j lghq;= lsÍu yd Woafhda.Su;aj lghq;=

lsÍu

^8&,l=Kq mrdih^8&,l=Kq mrdih^8&,l=Kq mrdih^8&,l=Kq mrdih^8&,l=Kq mrdih ((((( • b;d fyd|hs ' 04

• fyd|hs' 03

• uOHia:hs' 02


- 142 -




ksmqK;d uÜgïksmqK;d uÜgïksmqK;d uÜgïksmqK;d uÜgïksmqK;d uÜgï ((((( 10'7" 10'8" 10'9" 10'10" 10'11 iy 11'1


úIh ikaOdrhúIh ikaOdrhúIh ikaOdrhúIh ikaOdrhúIh ikaOdrh ((((( • úfoaY úksuh fjf<|fmd<

• úfoaY úksuh wkqmd;slh

• uqo,a wjm%udKh ùu yd m%;sm%udKh

• úksuh wkqmd;slh laIhùu yd j¾Okh

• úfoaY wdfhdackh

• úfoaY j;alï

• wd¾Ól taldnoaOùï

• fjf<| .súiqï

• wka;¾ cd;sl uQ,H wdh;k

• f.da,ShlrKh

• wd¾Ól j¾Okh

^4&^4&^4&^4&^4&ie,iqfï iajNdjh(ie,iqfï iajNdjh(ie,iqfï iajNdjh(ie,iqfï iajNdjh(ie,iqfï iajNdjh( m%fya,sld ks¾udKh ks¾udKd;aul ls%hdldrlu&

^5&ie,iqfï wruqK^5&ie,iqfï wruqK^5&ie,iqfï wruqK^5&ie,iqfï wruqK^5&ie,iqfï wruqK ((((( • ksYaÑ; ms<s;=re ,nd .; yels m%Yak f.dv k.hs'

• lKavdhï yeÕSfuka lghq;= lrhs'

• úúO úksuh wkqmd; l%u úia;r lrhs'

• uqo,a wjm%udK" m%;sm%udK iy laIhùï úia;r lrhs'

• úfoaY wdfhdackj, wdldr meyeÈ,s lrhs'

• wd¾Ól taldnoaOùï isÿ j we;s wdldr yd fjf<| .súiqï

ms<sn|j ±kqj;a fjhs'

• wka;¾ cd;sl uQ,H wdh;k bÈßm;a lrhs'

• f.da,ShlrKfha wdldr olajhs'

• wd¾Ól j¾Okh hkak meyeÈ,s lrhs'



.=re Wmfoia.=re Wmfoia.=re Wmfoia.=re Wmfoia.=re Wmfoia ((((( • ksmqK;d uÜgu 11'1 wjidkfha§ m%fya,sldjla ks¾udKh l<

hq;= nj" ksmqK;d uÜgu 10'6 wdrïNfha § u isiqkag okajkak'

- 143 -

• mka;sfha isiqka lKavdhï y;rlg fjka lrkak'

• ksmqK;d uÜgï 10'6 isg 11'1 olajd wod< jk úIh lreKq

mokï lrf.k m%fya,sld ks¾udKh l< hq;= nj okajkak'

• m%fya,sldj bÈßm;a l< hq;= Èkg i;shlg fmr iEu

lKavdhulu m%fya,sld mo yd m%fya,sldj mÍlaId lr n,d

ixfYdaOkh i|yd Wmfoia ,nd fokak'

• l,ska kshu lr.;a Èkhl § ld,Éfþo foll §& m%fya,sldj

ilia l< tla tla lKavdhu ,jd th bÈßm;a lrjkak'

• ;r.hla wdldrhg wfkla lKavdhï ,jd m%fya,sldj iïmQ¾K

lrjkak'

• we.hSï ks¾Kdhl u; m%fya,sldj bÈßm;a lrk tla tla

lKavdhug ,l=Kq mjrkak'


fhfokak'

• lKavdhfï iEu idudðlfhla u m%fya,sld mo ks¾udKh

lsÍug odhl lr .kak'

• .=re;=ud okajk Èkhl § tajd .=re;=udg fmkajd wjYH

fjkialï isÿ lrkak'

• ks¾udKd;aul j m%fya,sldj ks¾udKh lrkak'

^7&^7&^7&^7&^7&we.hSï ks¾Kdhlwe.hSï ks¾Kdhlwe.hSï ks¾Kdhlwe.hSï ks¾Kdhlwe.hSï ks¾Kdhl ((((( • m%fya,sldfõ ms<s;=re mo ud;Dldjg wod< ùu'

• wruqKq bgqjk wdldrhg m%fya,sldj ks¾udKh lr ;sîu'

• .=re Wmfoia ms<sme§u yd kshñ; ld,h ;=< ld¾hh bgq lsÍu'

• kshñ; mo ixLHdj we;=<;a ùu

• ks¾udKYS,S nj'

^8&,l=Kq mrdih^8&,l=Kq mrdih^8&,l=Kq mrdih^8&,l=Kq mrdih^8&,l=Kq mrdih ((((( • b;d fyd|hs' 04

• fyd|hs' 03

• uOHia:hs' 02


- 144 -

uQ,dY% (

^1& w;m;a;=" vekS" wd¾Ól úoHd m%fõYh 1" 2009

^2& ohdr;ak" B'" wka;¾cd;sl fjf<|du" 2006

^3& ohdr;ak" B'" wd¾Ól j¾Okh ixj¾Okh yd wd¾Ól m%;sm;a;s" 2009

^4& Central Bank of Sri Lanka, Economic Progress of Independent Sri Lanka, 1998

^6& YS% ,xld uy nexl=j - jd¾Isl jd¾;dj - 2006




^10& igyk - YS% ,xld uy nexl=fõ iudc yd wd¾:sl úoHd udislh - YS% ,xld uy nexl=j

.=re ud¾f.damfoaY ix.%yh - NIEnie.lk/pdffiles/tg/s13tim49.pdfiii fmrjok ksmqK;d mdol úIhud,dj...

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Transcript of .=re ud¾f.damfoaY ix.%yh - NIEnie.lk/pdffiles/tg/s13tim49.pdfiii fmrjok ksmqK;d mdol úIhud,dj...