-

Jp¿B≥

Hcp kXymt\zjnbpsS apºn¬

-

Jp¿B≥

Hcp kXymt\zjnbpsS apºn¬

sNdnbap≠w A_vZp¬ laoZv

\n®v Hm^v SqØv

-

Cu- tem-IØn-s\m-cp- kjv-Sm-hp-≠v Po-h≥- \¬In-

hmbp-hpw- sh≈hpw- ku-Icy-s∏Sp-Øn- q-an-sb PohnX

tbmKy-am-°n-b ]caIm-cp-Wn-I\m-b kjv-Sm-hv- ˛\mw-

Chn-sS Fßs\ Po-hn-°Wsa∂pw- Cu- Po-hn-XØn-s≥d

]cae£yw- Fs¥∂pw- Zq-X∑m¿- ap-tJ\ kjv-Sm-hv- \

sΩ ]Tn-∏n-®p.- \Ωp-sS Po-hn-XØn-s≥-d IW°v- acW

tijw- \mw- kjv-Sm-hn-s≥d ap-ºn¬- t_m-[n-∏n-t°≠n-

hcpw.- A∂v- ]p-Wyw- sNbv-Xh\v- \∑bpw- ]m-]w- sNbvX

h\v- Xn-∑bpw- ]Xn-^ew- In-´pw.- AXn-\m¬- kjv-Sm-hv-

Xs≥-d Zq-Xcn-eq-sS \¬-In-b \n¿-tZia\p kcn-®v- Po-hn-

°p-Ibm-Wv- a\p-jy-s≥-d c£m-am¿-Kw.-

\Ωp-sS tem-I kjv-Sm-hv- \¬-In-b \n¿-tZi kw-lnX

bmWv- Jp¿-B≥.- ap-lΩZv- \_n-bn-eq-sS Ah≥- B

ktµiw- a\p-jy¿-s°Øn-®p-sIm-Sp-Øp.- CXdn-™hcpw-

Adn-bm-Øhcpw- \ap-°n-Sbn¬- D≠v.- tem-Isc ap-gp-h≥-

kjv-Sm-hn-s≥d ktµiadn-bn-°¬- AXdn-™hcp-sS

_m-[y-Xbm-Wv.- AXn\m-bn- cq-]o-Ir-Xam-b Hcp- ]kvYm-

\am-Wv- \n-®v- Hm-^v- SqØv.-

\m-Ym-...- kXy-aX ktµi ]Nm-cWØn-\p- th≠nbp-

≈ hn-\o-Xam-sbm-cp- kw-cw- am-Wn-Xv.- \o- G¬-]n-® DØ

chmZn-ØØn-s≥-d \n¿-hlWØn-\p-th≠n-bp-≈ Ffn

b iaw.- CsXm-cp- ]Xn-^em¿-lam-b ]h¿-Ø\ambn

kzo-Icnt°Wta (Bao≥).-

˛UbdIv-S¿-

NICHE OF TRUTHMalayalam | Study | Qur'an Oru Sathianyeshyude Mumbil

Jp¿B≥ Hcp kXymt\zjnbpsS apºn¬

Author: Cheriyamundam AbdulhameedSixth Edition: April 2014

Price: Rs. 30.00

All rights reserved. No part of this work may be reproduced or utilised in any form or by any meanswithout the prior written permission of the author or publishers.

Publishers:Niche of Truth | P.B. No:1981| Vyttila | Kochi-19 | Kerala | India

www.nicheoftruthonline.com | Email: islam@nicheoftruthonline.comDistribution:

Da'wa Books | Salafi Masjid Building | Vyttila | Kochi-19www.dawabooks.in | dawabooks@gmail.com

Cover: Irshad | Type Setting: Creative Media | Printing: Anaswara Offset, Kochi

-

hmb\°papºv.......

"]caImcpWnI\pw IcpWm\n[nbpamb

A√mlphns≥d \maØn¬'

apkvenwIƒ ssZhnIK\vYambn hnizkn°pIbpw BZcn°p

Ibpw sNøp∂ K\vYßfn¬ A¥nahpw A\nXchpamW vJp¿

B≥. 14 \q‰m≠pIƒ°v apºv Atd_ybn¬ Pohn®ncp∂

aplΩZv () F∂ alma\pjy\neqsS temIkjvSmhv k¿ha

\pjy¿°pw am¿K-Z¿iIambn Cd°nbXmWv Jp¿B≥.

\ap°v tae[nImcnbn¬\n∂v F∂hImis∏´psIm≠v

Hcdnbn∏v e`n®m¬ AXn¬ At±lØns≥d apZbpt≠m F∂v

\mw ]cntim[n°pw. apZbps≠¶n¬ B Adnbn∏v tae[nImcn

bn¬\n∂mWv, sIm≠ph∂ Bfnt≥dX√ F∂v \mw a\ nem

°p∂p. IqSmsX B Adnbn∏n\v AXnt≥dXmb Kuchw \¬Ip

Ibpw AXpt]mse ]cnKWn°pIbpw sNøp∂p.

Hcp a\pjy≥ Xm≥ ssZhZqX\mWv, Cu ktµiw temIk

jvSmhnt≥dXmWv F∂v ]dbptºmƒ At±lw AXn\v sXfnhp

Iƒ lmPcmt°≠Xp≠v. temIkjvSmhv Xs≥d ZqX∑m¿°v

\¬Inb ZrjvSm¥ßƒ°v apAvPnkØv (Aam\pjnIZrjvSm

¥w) F∂v ]dbp∂p. aplΩZv \_n ()°v e`n® ktµihpw

][m\ apAvPnkØpamWv Jp¿B≥. C°mcyw Ckvemanse

hnizmk Imcyßfn¬s]´XmWv.

C∂v a\pjy¿ ]e ]pXnb AdnhpIfpw t\Sn. imkvXw hf

-

scb[nIw ]ptcmKan°pIbpw ]IrXnbnse ]e clkyßfpw

a\pjy≥ A\mhcWw sNøpIbpw sNbvXp. apºv Ah\p≠m

bncp∂ ]e [mcWIfpw, ap≥KmanIƒ FgpXnsh® ]eImcyß

fpw hnUvVnØßfpw APvRXbpamsW∂v Ah\v t_m[ys∏´p

sIm≠ncn°p∂p. mhnbn¬ \ΩpsS ]e [mcWIfpw sX‰mbncp

∂p F∂v sXfnbn°s∏t´°mw. GXv ImeL´ßfnepw a\pjy

s\gpXp∂ K\vYßfn¬ K\vYI¿Ømhns≥dbpw ImeL´Øn

s≥dbpw [mcWIfpw [mcW∏niIpIfpw IS∂pIqSmXncn°p

Ibn√. ]et∏mgpw ]n≥KmanIƒ Ah XncpØpIbpw sNøp∂p.

F∂m¬ Jp¿B\n¬ aplΩZv \_n ()bpsS ImeØp≠m

bncp∂ bmsXmcp sX‰n≤mcWIfpw A\v[hnizmkßfpw IS

∂pIqSnbn´n√. F°mehpw AXnse ]kvXmh\Iƒ kXy

kºq¿W-amsW∂v ImeL´ßfnse kv]jvSamb AdnhpIfpsS

ASnkvYm\Øn¬ hyIvXamIpw. ^©v imkvXPvR\mb

tamdnkv _pJmbv B[p\nIimkvXØns≥d ASnkvYm\Øn¬

Jp¿B\pw ss__nfpw hnebncpØnb tijw ]dbp∂p: ""apl

ΩZns≥d ImeL´Ønse Adnhv sh®pt\m°ptºmƒ

Jp¿B\nse imkvXhpambn _\v[s∏´ ]e ]kvXmh\Ifpw

Hcp a\pjys≥d hm°pIfmsW∂v a\ nem°m≥ \nhrØn

bn√''.(1)

Jp¿B≥ ]Tn®pt\m°ptºmƒ Hcp a\pjys≥d IrXnbm

sW∂v Fßs≥ ]dbpw? a\pjyIrXnIƒ°p≈ Zu¿_eyß

sfm∂pw AXn\n√t√m. AsXmcp a\pjyIrXn Bbncps∂¶n¬

ImeL´ßfneqsS a\pjy≥ A\mhcWw sNøp∂ ]m]©nI

kXyßtfmSv AXv \qdv iXam\hpw tbmPn°pambncpt∂m?

K¿`mibØnse Ip™ns≥d hf¿®bnse L´ßƒ sX‰m

sX Fßs\ AXv hnhcn°pw?(2) tX\o®Ifn¬ hoSp≠m°p∂

Xpw `£Ww tXSp∂Xpw tX\p¬]mZn∏n°p∂Xpw s]Æo®I

fmsW∂v Jp¿B≥ Fßs\ a\ nem°n? ]pcmhkvXp Kthj

I¿ C∂v Is≠Øp∂ ]e Imcyßfpw Fßs\ Jp¿B≥ sX

‰msX hniZoIcn®p? ag D≠mIp∂ cq]w, `qanbpsS BIrXn,

\£XtKmfßgpsS Ne\w, ]]t©m¬]Øn, ]]©Øns≥d

hnImkw, PeNIw, ISense B¥cnI XcwK߃ t]mep≈

Imcy߃ kv]¿in°ptºmƒ CX IWniambn sX‰msX

AhXcWImesØ APvRXIƒ \ngen°msX Jp¿B≥

Fßs\ hniZoIcn®p? Xo¿®bmbpw Jp¿B≥ a\pjyIrXnb√.

temIkjvSmhns≥d ]°¬\n∂pw AhXo¿W-ambXsX.

UbdIvS¿

\n®v Hm^v SqØv

1. Maurice Bucaille. The Bible the Quran and Science, Last paragraph.2. Jp¿B\n¬ a\pjy `qWhf¿®bpsS L´wL´ambp≈ hnImkØns≥d hfsc

IrXyamb hnhc߃ ASnbn´p≠v. (Dr. KeithMoore. University of Toronto,Quranic Description of embryo growth (Indian Express, Dec. 10,1984)

-

hnip≤Jp¿B\ns\∏‰n hmbn°pItbm tIƒ°pItbm

sNømØh¿ hfsc Npcpßpw. hninjym, AXns\

A\pIqen®pw ]XnIqen®pw [mcmfw ]kwK߃

\S°p∂, teJ\ßfpw K\vYßfpw ]kn≤oIcn°s∏Sp∂ Cu

ImeL´Øn¬. hnip≤ Jp¿B\ns≥d khntijXIƒ

hniZambn Kln°m≥, AXns≥d ]amWnIXsb]‰n

]q¿Wambn a\ nem°m≥ _rlZvK\vYßfpsS klmbw

thWw.

A\yq\ambn, APøambn, bpK∏I¿®Iƒ°v hgßmsX

a\pjya\xkm£nsb sXm´pW¿Øns°m≠v \ne\n¬°p∂

GIssZhnIK\vYsa∂ \nebn¬ apkvenw P\tImSnIƒ AXn

s\ hnizkn®mZcn°p∂p. PohnX]amWambn AwKoIcn°p∂p.

apkvenwIf√mØ ]e ]K¬` ]WvUnX∑mcpw hnip≤Jp¿B≥

]T\hnt[bam°pIbpw hnh¿Ø\ßfpw hymJym\ßfpw

cNn°pIbpw sNbvXn´p≠v. Km\v[nPnbpw hnt\m_bpw a‰pw Zm¿

i\nIaqeyap≈ almK\vYsa∂ \nebn¬ hnip≤Jp¿B

\ns≥d ]Zhn AwKoIcn®hcn¬s]Sp∂p. At\Iw Hmdnb≥d

enkv‰pIƒ hnhn[ bqtdm]y≥ mjIfnte°v hnip≤Jp¿B≥

`mjm¥cs∏SpØnbn´p≠v. Nne¿ Jp¿Bs\bpw Ckvemans\

bpw ]‰n I\s∏´ IrXnIƒ cNn®n´pap≠v.

-

]t£, AapkvenwIfn¬ _lp`qcn`mKhpw hnip≤Jp¿B\n

s\ Hcp apkvenw]pcmWK\vYw F∂ \nebn¬ amXw t\m°n

°mWp∂hcmWv. Hmtcm P\Xbv°pw kz¥ambn sFXnly

ßfpw ]pcmWßfpw D≈Xpt]mse apkvenwIƒ°pw H∂p≠v.

AXh¿ ]qPn®v Bcm[n®psIm≈s´, \ap°Xn¬ Imcysam∂p

an√ F∂ \n wKXm]q¿Wamb \ne]mSmWv ]ecpw sh®p]pe

¿Øp∂Xv. P\߃ k¶pNnXamb kmapZmbnIXzØns≥d

sh≈w IS°mØ AdIfn¬ H‰s∏´pIgnbp∂ taJeIfn¬

Cu \n wKXbpw DZmko\`mhhpw hfcp∂p. Nnet∏mgXv AhK

W\bpw AhPvRbpwhsc FØp∂p.

F∂m¬ ]IzaXnIfpw kXymt\zjnIfpamb Hcp \yq\]£w

k¶pNnX ho£WßfpsS apJmhcWw \o°n ]hnimeamb

taJeIfnte°v kXyw tXSn ]pds∏Smdp≠v. ]t£, Ckveman

s\]‰n At\zjn°p∂ klrZbcpsS Iøn¬ Nnet∏mƒ amXta

kXyk\v[amb K\vY߃ FØns∏Smdp≈q. ]et∏mgpw

B[nImcnIPvRm\an√mØ apkvenw FgpØpIm¿ IpØn°q

´nb A_≤kwlnXItfm Zpjv]NmcIcmb FXncmfnIfpsS

Zpcp]ZnjvSIrXnItfm Bbncn°pw Ah¿°v hmbn°m≥

In´p∂Xv. CXv Ahcn¬ Ckvemant\mSv hnapJX hf¿Øp∂p

sh¶n¬ Ahsc ]gn®n´pImcyan√.

Ckvemans\]‰n a\ nem°m≥ BKln°p∂ aebmfnI

ƒ°v hnip≤Jp¿B\ns\]‰n lkzsa¶nepw kaKamb Hcp

hnhcWw \¬IpI F∂XsX Cu eLpIrXnbpsS e£yw.

hnip≤ Jp¿B≥ NcnXØn¬

KXImekw`hßfpsS km[pX Xocpam\n°p∂Xn¬ NcnX

Øn\v henb ]¶mWv \n¿hln°m\p≈Xv. thZK\vYßsf

NcnXZrjvSym ]cntim[n°ptºmƒ Ahbn¬ JWvUnXamb

NcnXtcJIfpsS ]n≥_eap≈Xv hnip≤Jp¿B\n∂v amX

amsW∂v ImWmhp∂XmWv. Imew AhyIvXXbpsS Icn\ng¬

hogvØnb ImcWØm¬ ]e aXmNmcy∑mcpsS PohnXØnepw

NcnX tcJIfpsS ]n≥_eans√∂v h∂ncn°p∂p. DZmlcW

ambn tamsi, tbip, ioIrjvW≥ XpSßnbhsc FSp°mw.

blqZ¿ hnizkn°p∂p, tamsibmWv temIw I≠ amXrImtbm

Ky\mb BNmcys\∂v. ssIkvXh¿ hnizkn°p∂p, Hmtcm

a\pjy\pw BZn]m]Øn¬\n∂v tamN\w e`n°p∂Xv tbipIn

kvXphns≥d IpcnipacWØneqsSbmsW∂v. F√m \∑bpsS

bpw iIvXnbpsSbpw tkmX mbn sslµh¿ ioIrjvWs\

ImWp∂p. F∂m¬ tamsitbm, tbipthm IrjvWt\m Pohn

®nt´ Cs√∂pw Chscms° BcpsStbm mh\bn¬ cq]w ]q≠

CXnlmk IYm]mX߃ amXamsW∂pw NcnXØns≥d

t]cn¬ hmZn°p∂ bpIvXnhmZnIsf t\cnSm≥ B[nImcnI

NcnXtcJIfn√msX IpgßpIbmWv C∂-v blqZcpw ssI

kvXhcpw sslµhcpsa√mw. apkvenwIsf kw_\v[n®nS

tØmfw tamsi (aqkm\_n)sb∏‰nbpw tbip (Cukm\_n)

sh-∏‰nbpw hnip≤Jp¿B≥ ]Tn∏n°p∂ Imcy߃ Ah¿

hnizkn°p∂p. hnip≤Jp¿B≥ Hcp NcnXhkvXpXbpw

aplΩZv \_n Hcp NcnX]pcpj\pamsW∂ ImcyØn¬ Hcp

bpIvXnhmZnbpw CXphsc X¿°n®n´n√. X¿°n°m≥

\ymbhpan√. ImcWw, NcnXØns≥d ip`]ImiØnemWv

aplΩZv \_n Pohn®Xv. At±lw Hcp CXnlmkIYm]mXa√,

temIKXnsb Xs∂ kzm[o\n® NcnX ]pcpj\mWv.

IkvXm_vZw 571¬ Atd_ybnse a°bn¬ P\n® aplΩZv

\_nbpsS kw`h_lpeamb PohnXw BZya[-ym¥w NcnX

Øn¬ tcJs∏´pInS°p∂p≠v. \m¬]Xmw hb p- hsc kmln

Xy]camb bmsXmcp anIhpw At±lw ]ISn∏n®ncp∂n√-.

aXhnZym]oTßfn¬ tN¿∂v At±lw ]T\w \SØnbn´n√.

]mIrXaX°mcpw ssIkvXhcpw blqZcpw skmtdmkvSnb≥

aX°mcpamb Ad_nIfpambn At±lw aXhnjb߃ N¿®

sNøpItbm kwhmZØn¬ G¿s∏SpItbm sNbvXncp∂n√.

cmjvSaoamwkbntem kmaqlnIimkvXØntem At±lw

KthjWw \SØnbncp∂n√. Imhy߃ cNn°pItbm

IhnXbn¬ Xm¬]cyw ]ISn∏n°pItbm sNbvXncp∂n√

At±lw. sNdp∏Øn¬ BSvtabv°epw buh\Øn¬ hym]mc

hpambncp∂p At±lØns≥d sXmgn¬.

\m¬]Xmw hb n¬ At±lØn\v GIm¥[ym\Øn¬

Jp¿B≥ Hcp kXymt\zjnbpsS apºn¬ 14 Jp¿B≥ Hcp kXymt\zjnbpsS apºn¬ 15

-

Xm¬]cyw tXm∂pIbpw AXn\mbn At±lw a°bnse Hcp

Kpl sXcs™Sp°pIbpw sNbvXp. AhnsSsh®mWv At±l

Øn\v Pn_o¬ F∂ amemJ aptJ\ BZysØ ssZhnI

ktµiw e`n®Xv. XnI®pw BIkvanIambmWv Cu A\p`hap

≠mbXv. \_n°v Xs∂ Aºc∏pw \Sp°hpw krjvSn® Cu

kw`hw At±lØns≥d PohnXØnse amXa√, temI NcnX

Ønse Xs∂ Hcp hgnØncnhmbncp∂p. at\mhn`m¥nbpsStbm

ambnI`aßf-psStbm Hcp temIØnte°√ Cu kw`hw

At±lsØ \bn®Xv. temIØn\msI Hcp am¿KZ¿i\w

\¬IpI: ]kwKØn¬ amXa√ ]tbmKØnepw ssZhlnX

Øn\v km£yw hln°pI F∂ ZuXyØns≥d hnPbIcamb

\n¿hlWØnte°v AXv At±lØns≥d PohnXsØ

sXmSpØphn´p. XpS¿∂v Ccp]Ønaq∂v h¿jØn\nSbn¬

At\Iw XhW At±lØn\v ssZhnIktµiw e`n®psIm≠n

cp∂p. hnizmkI¿a-cwKßfnse ssZhnI\n¿tZ-i߃

Iam\pKXambn At±lØn\v tIƒ∏n°s∏´p. Hmtcm

XhWbpw tIƒ∏n°s∏Sp∂ ktµiw At±lw P\ßsf tIƒ

∏n®p. Nne¿ hnizkn®p. ]ecpw \ntj[n®p. Hmtcm kµ¿`

Ønepw e`n°p∂ ssZhnI ktµißfXbpw At±lhpw A\p

bmbnIfpw Bh¿Øn®mh¿Øn®v ]mcmbWw sNbvXv a\ n

epd∏n®p. ]ecpw AXv tcJs∏SpØnsh°pIbpw sNbvXp. hmKv

hnNmcI¿a-ßsf XZSnkvYm\Øn¬ Ah¿ hm¿sØSpØp.

\_n() CltemIhmkw shSnbp∂Xn\v apºv Xs∂

A[ymbßfpw hN\ßfpw C∂v \nehnep≈ IaØn¬ ]mcm

bWw sNbvXpsIm≠v hnip≤ K\vYØns≥d tImUoIrX

cq]hpw IqSn ssZhnI \n¿tZ-i]Imcw temIsØ Adnbn®ncp

∂p. ]t£, Jp¿B\ns≥d apgph≥ mKßfpw H∂n®v H‰ hmey

ambn FgpXn tcJs∏SpØnbn´p≠mbncp∂n√. \_n ()

]mcmbWw sNbvXv tIƒ∏n°-p∂ ktµißsf√mw bYm

kabw ]e A\pbmbnIfpw FgpXmhp∂ hkvXp°fnt∑¬

(XpI¬, I√v, F√v apXembh) FgpXnsh°mdp≠mbncp∂p.

IWniambn lrZnkvYam°nbhcpsS kwJy hfsc IqSpXep

≠mbncp∂p. \_n ()bpsS hntbmKØn\v tijw Xmakn

bmsX Xs∂ tcJIƒ HØpt\m°nbpw a\x]mTam°nbhsc

s°m≠v ]cntim[n∏n®pw hnip≤ Jp¿B≥ enJnXßfpsS

B[nImcnIamb tImUoIcWw \_n ()bpsS ]n≥Kmanbmb

H∂mw Jeo^ A_q_°dn()s≥d I¬]\]Imcw sskZv

_n≥ km_nØv () F∂ klm_n ]apJs≥d t\XrXzØn¬

\S∂p. Aßs\ hnip≤ Jp¿B≥ C∂v ImWp∂ IaØnepw

cq]Ønepap≈ H‰ hmeyambnØo¿∂p. aq∂mw Jeo^ Dkvam≥

() AXns≥d ]I¿∏pIƒ FSp∏n®v CkvemanIcmjvSØns≥d

]hniym XekvYm\ßfntes°√mw Ab®psImSpØp.

CXns≥d ]XnIƒ C∂pw e`yamWv. C∂v temIØpS\ofw

]mcmbWw sNøs∏Sp∂ tImSn°W°n\v hnip≤Jp¿B≥

tIm∏nIƒ B ]mNo\ ]I¿∏pIfpambn Hc£cØn\pt]mepw

hyXymkan√mØXsX. apkvenwIƒ FgpXnb NcnXw amXa√,

hnhn[ aX°mcpw aXhncp≤cpw FgpXnb NcnXK\vY߃

t]mepw \_n () bpsSbpw hnip≤ Jp¿Bs≥dbpw NcnX

]cX AwKoIcn°p∂p≠v.

a‰v thZßfpsSbpw ]pcmWßfpsSbpw NcnX]camb

ASnØd ]cntim[n°ptºmƒ Cu hkvXpX IqSpX¬ kv]jv

SamIpw. ss__nƒ ]pXnb \nbaw tbipInkvXphns≥d hN\

ßfmsW∂Xn\v NcnXtcJIfpsS ]n≥_eans√∂v ss__nƒ

NcnXImc∑m¿ Xs∂ kΩXn®n´p≈XmWv. NcnXtcJIfpsS

ASnkvYm\Øn¬ B[nImcnIX kvYm]n°mhp∂ ]pcmtW

Xnlmkßtfm thtZm]\njØpItfm Cs√∂ hkvXpX

C¥ymNcnXsØ∏‰n kmam\y[mcWbp≈h¿s°√mw

Adnbmhp∂XsX.

khntijXIƒ

C\n \ap°v hnip≤Jp¿B\ns≥d khntijXIƒ Fs¥m

s°sb∂v s]mXpsh ]cntim[n°mw. kq£vahniIe\w Hcp

eLpK\vYØns≥d ]cn[nbn¬ HXpßp∂Xs√¶nepw Hcp

K\vYsØ∏‰n ]Tn°m\p≈ icnbmb Hcp am¿Kw AXns\ a‰v

K\vYßfpambn XmcXays∏SpØpIbsX. BZyw Ad_n`mj

bnep≈ K\vY߃, AhbpsS D≈S°hpw ssienbpambn

Jp¿B≥ Hcp kXymt\zjnbpsS apºn¬ 16 Jp¿B≥ Hcp kXymt\zjnbpsS apºn¬ 17

-

hnip≤ Jp¿B\ns≥d D≈S°hpw ssienbpambn XmcXayw

sNømw.

aplΩZv \_n () °v apºp≈ Ad_nkmlnXyw apJyambpw

IhnXIfpw tPymXvky∑mcpsS KZyIhnXIfpambncp∂p.

ssIkvXhcpsSbpw blqZcpsSbpw aXK\vYßfnepw GXm\pw

cmPimk\Ifnepw HXpßn \n¬°pIbmbncp∂p A∂sØ

KZykmlnXyw. IhnXIfpsS D≈S°w aZyw, ImapIn, ]S°p

Xnc, H´Iw XpSßnbhsb]‰nbp≈ h¿W-\tbm, Ihntbm Ihn

bpsS tKmXtam \SØnb hoc]cmIaßfpsS Im¬]\nIX

Ie¿Ønb hnhcWtam Bbncn°pw. ImapInbpsS th¿]mSns\

]‰nbp≈ hnem]tØmsSbmbncn°pw an° Imhyßf-pw Bcw`n

°p∂Xv. A∂sØ ]kwKIcpsS hnjbßfpw hn`n∂ambncp

∂n√. ss__nƒ ]gb \nbaØns≥d hniZoIcWØn¬

Ihn™ aXkmlnXy߃ A∂v D≠mbncp∂n√.

B kmlNcyØnemWv aplΩZv \_n ()°pw At±lØn

eqsS apgph≥ temIØn\pw A√mlphns≥d hN\߃ tIƒ∏n

°s∏Sp∂Xv.

]caImcpWnI\pw IcpWm\n[nbpamb A√mlphns≥d

\maØn¬

""krjvSnI¿Ømhmb Xm¶fpsS \mYs‚ \maØn¬ HmXpI.

a\pjys\ Ah≥ Hcp `qWØn¬\n∂v krjvSn®p. HmXpI,

Xm¶fpsS \mY≥ G‰hpw DZmc\mIp∂p. t]\sIm≠v

]Tn∏n®h\mb \mY≥. a\pjy\v Adn™pIqSmØXv Ah≥

]Tn∏n®p''.

]caImcpWnI\mb ssZhØns≥d t]cn¬ Bcw`n°p∂ Hcp

kmlnXycq]hpw Atd_yt°m Ad_nIƒt°m ]cnNnXambn

cp∂n√. IcpØ\pw A[n]\pambn hfcp∂ a\pjys≥d

`qWmhkvYbn¬\n∂p≈ Ffnb XpS°sØ∏‰n Nn¥n∏n°p∂

KZy]Zyßf-pw Ad_nIƒ tI´n´p≠mbncp∂n√. t]\bpsS

klmbtØmsS \S°p∂ teJ\hnZybmWv F√m sshPvRm

\nI- hnImk߃°pw imkvX]ptcmKXn°pw hgnsbmcp°p∂

A\pKlsa∂v Ad_nItfmSv a‰mcpw ]d™ncp∂n√. k¿th-m

]cn Ad_n`mjbn¬ F°meØpw hf¿∂ph∂ F√m kmln

Xy-ssienIfn¬\n∂pw `n∂amb hnip≤ Jp¿B\ns≥d

`mjmssien Ad_nIƒ°v Xo¿Øpw A]cnNnXambncp∂p.

AtXmsSm∏w AXns≥d LS\msshinjvSyhpw cq]kuIp

amcyhpw BibKmw`ocyhpw A∂sØ Ad_n kmlnXykmcYn

Isf AXv`pXkvX_v[cm°pIbpw sNbvXp.

Ad_nIƒ°nSbn¬ hf¿∂ \nc£c\pw A\`ykvX

hnZy\pw kmXznI\pamb aplΩZv F∂ hyIvXn \m¬]Xmw hb

-n¬ XnI®pw Akm[mcWamb Hcp kmlnXyIrXn cNn®p

sh∂pw AXv kz¥sa∂v AhImis∏SmsX ssZhØn¶¬\n∂v

e`n®XmsW∂v I≈w ]d™psh∂pw hmZn°p∂Xv bmsXmcp

\ymboIcWhpw A¿ln°p∂n√. ImcWw Xmsg°nSbnep≈

Hcp kmlnXyIrXn cNn°p∂ Bƒt]mepw Xs≥d cN\bn¬

A`nam\w sIm≈pIbmWv sNøpI. bmsXmcp almkmlnXy

Imc\pw \mfnXphsc kz¥w IrXn as‰mcmƒ FgpXnbXmsW∂v

]d™v Hgn™n´n√. Poh≥ A]ISØnemIpsa∂v `bs∏Sp

tºmg√msX. F∂m¬ aplΩZv \_n ()°v AØcsamcp

kmlNcyap≠mbncp∂n√. Jp¿B≥ kz¥w IrXnbmsW¶n¬

AXv Xpd∂p]d™m¬ Ad_nIƒ At±lsØ _lpaXnIƒ

sIm≠v s]mXnbpambncp∂p. Hcp tKmXØn¬ Hcp kmlnXy

Imc≥ hf¿∂ph∂m¬ tKmXamsI A`nam\w sIm≈p∂

Imeambncp∂p AXv. F∂m¬ ssZhØns≥d hN\w B \ne

bn¬ Xs∂ temIØns≥d apºmsI sh°phm\mbncp∂p At±

lw I¬]n°s∏´ncp∂Xv. AXns≥d t]cn¬ Iqcamb ]cnlm

kßfpw ]oU\ßfpw At±lØn\v t\cntS≠nh∂p.

AsX√mw AhKWn®psIm≠v At±lw ZnhyZuXyw \ndth‰n.

Ad_v t\Xm°ƒ At±lsØ \n»-_vZ\m°m≥ ian®p.

]cmPbs∏´t∏mƒ Atd_y≥ hnizmk-]mcºcy߃°\pcq

]ambn Jp¿B\n¬ t`ZKXnIƒ hcpØm≥ At±ltØmSv Bh

iys∏´p. AXn\v ssZhnIamb ]XnIcWw C]Imcambncp∂p.

""\ΩpsS kv]jvSamb ZrjvSm¥ßƒ ]mcmbWw sNbvXv

tIƒ∏n°s∏´t∏mƒ \mapambp≈ kamKaw BKln°mØh¿

]d™p: \o thsdmcp Jp¿B≥ sIm≠-phcq As√¶n¬ CXn¬

Jp¿B≥ Hcp kXymt\zjnbpsS apºn¬ 18 Jp¿B≥ Hcp kXymt\zjnbpsS apºn¬ 19

-

t`ZKXnIƒ hcpØq F∂v. Xm¶ƒ ]dbq: F\n°v kz¥w

hIbmbn CXn¬ am‰w hcpØms\m°pIbn√. F\n°v

\¬Is∏Sp∂ ktµisØ A\p[mh\w sNøpI amXamWv

Rm≥ sNøp∂Xv. Xo¿®bmbpw Rm≥ `bs∏Sp∂p; Fs≥d

\mYs\. Rm≥ [n°cn°pIbmsW¶n¬ `b¶camb Hcp

ZnhksØ in£ Rm≥ A\p`hnt°≠nhcpsa∂v. Xm¶ƒ

]dbq: A√mlphns≥d lnXw adn®mbncps∂¶n¬ Rm\nXv

\nßsf hmbn®v tIƒ∏n°n√mbncp∂p. Ah≥ \nßsf CXv

Adnbn°pIbpan√mbncp∂p. Rm≥ \n߃°nSbn¬ CXn\v apºv

At\Ih¿jw ]hmNIXzw hmZn°msX, ssZhnI ktµiw

tIƒ∏n°msX Ign®pIq´nbn´p≠t√m. \nßsf¥m Nn¥n°m

ØXv? ssZhØns≥d t]cn¬ I≈w sI´n®a°pItbm, ssZhn

IZrjvSm¥ßsf X≈n∏dbpItbm sNbvXhs\°mƒ henb

AIaImcn Bcp≠v? Ip‰hmfnIƒ hnPbw ]m]n°pIbn√,

Xo¿®''(hn.Jp. 10:15,17).

Atd_y≥ PohnXsØbmsI Iogvta¬adn® Jp¿B\nI

PohnXZ¿i\w Jp¿B\ns≥d Aam\pjnIX sIm≠pw AXn

s≥d ktµihmlI\mb aplΩZv \_n ()bpsS hyIvXnXz

Øns≥d AXpeyX sIm≠pw amXamWv kmh[m\Ønse¶nepw

]IzaXnIfmb ]escbpw BI¿jn®Xv. A_q_°¿ ()

At±lambncp∂p aplΩZob ]hmNIXzhpw Jp¿B\ns≥d

ssZhnIXbpw AwKoIcn® BZysØ ]pcpj≥˛ ho´pap‰

Øncp∂v Jp¿B≥ ]mcmbWw sNøptºmƒ AXv tIƒ°m≥

At\Iw t]¿ k∂nlnXcmIpambncp∂p. Ahcn¬ ]ecpw

Jp¿B\n¬ BIrjvScmbn CkvemwaXamt«jn®p. CXv

A_q_°dn()t\mSv Ad_n ]amWnam¿°v ISpØ Cu¿jy

tXm∂m≥ ImcWambn.

F∂m¬ ]pØ≥aXØns≥d _≤sshcnIfmbncp∂

Atd_y≥ bmYmkvYnXnI∑m¿°v t]mepw hnip≤Jp¿B\n

s≥d amkvacnI]`mhw I≠ns√∂v \Sn°m≥ Ign™n√. heoZp

_v\papKod F∂ Jpssdin]amWnbpsS Imcyw CXn\v sXfnhm

Wv. Abmƒ Hcn°¬ \_n ()bpsS ASpØpsN∂p. \_n ()

Abmsf GXm\pw Jp¿B≥ hN\߃ tIƒ∏n®p. Abmƒ

°Xv lrZyambn A\p`hs∏´t]mse tXm∂n. Cu hnhcw

as‰mcp ]amWnbmb A_qPl¬ tI´p. Abmƒ°Xv ckn®n√.

A_qPl¬ heoZns≥d ASpØpsN∂n´v ]d™p: ""Fs≥d

]nXrhym, Xm¶ƒ aplΩZns≥d ASpØpsN∂v AbmfpsS

hm°pIƒ°v hiwhZ\mImsX Ign°msa¶n¬ Xm¶fpsS \m´p

Im¿ Xm¶ƒ°v ]Ww tiJcn®pXcm≥t]mepw Xb-mdmWv''.

heoZv ]XnhNn®p: ""Jpssdiv tKmXØn\dnbmat√m Rm\mWv

Ahcn¬ G‰hpw kº∂s\∂v''.- A_qPl¬ ]d™p: ""AXp

sIm≠mbn√. Xm¶ƒ Hcp ]kvXmh\ \SØWw. aplΩZns\

Xm¶ƒ shdp°p∂psh∂v AXn¬\n∂v hyIvXamhWw''. heo

Zns≥d ]XnIcWw Cßs\bmbncp∂p ""Rms\¥mWv ]dbpI?

ssZhsØbmWv! IhnXbpsS Ahm¥c hn`mKßsf∏‰n Fs∂

°mƒ Adnbmhp∂ Bcpw \nßfpsS Iq´Ønen√. ssZhsØbm

Wv! aplΩZv ]dbp∂Xv Cu Iq´Ønsem∂pw s]´X√. ssZh

sØbmWv! Ah\o ]dbp∂ hm°n\v a[pcnabp≠v. tamSnbp≠v.

AXv ASn apX¬ apSnhsc kp-^eamWv. kar≤amWv. AXv

Dbcpw. AXns\ adnIS°m\mhn√. AXn\v Xmsgbp≈Xns\

sbms° AXv X´nØI¿°pw''. A_qPl¬ ]d™p: ""aplΩZn

s\ hna¿in®psIm≠v ]kvXmh\ \SØmsX \m´pIm¿°v

Xm¶sf∏‰n Xr]vXnhcpIbn√''. heoZv BtemNn°m≥ A¬]w

kabw tNmZn®p. A\¥cw Abmƒ ]Jym]\w \SØn:

""CsXmcp PmehnZyamXamIp∂p''. heoZns≥d Cu Ahkc

hmZw hnip≤ Jp¿B≥ 74˛mw A[ymbØn¬ sXmenbpcn®p

ImWn®n´p≠v.

Jeo^ Da¿ () Ckvemw aXw Bt«jn® kw`hw NcnX

]kn≤amWv. \_n (k)sb h[n°phm≥ th≠n hmfpta¥n

]pds∏´ Dadn\v () hgnat[y hnip≤ Jp¿B\ns≥d GXm\pw

`mK߃ tIƒ°m\nSbmbtXmsS am\km¥cap≠mIpIbmWv

sNbvXXv.

aplΩZv \_n ()bpsSbpw A\pNc∑mcpsSbpw PohnX

Øns≥d hnhn[ apJßtfmSpw kapNnXambn kwhZn°p∂

Xmbncp∂p Hmtcm kµ¿`Ønepw ssZhØn¶¬\n∂v AhXcn∏n

°s∏´ hN\߃. ]Xnk\v[nbpsS Hmtcm L´Ønepw

Jp¿B≥ Hcp kXymt\zjnbpsS apºn¬ 20 Jp¿B≥ Hcp kXymt\zjnbpsS apºn¬ 21

-

ssZhnI ktµiw Ahsc ]cnlmcØnte°v \bn®p. kwib

Øns≥d thfIfn¬ AXh¿°v kp\nivNnX [mcWIƒ \¬In.

AKv\n]co£Iƒ°v apºn¬ AXh¿°v BXvahocyw ]I¿∂p.

AhcpsS PohnX ho£WØn\v AXv A¿Y-hpw ]kIvXnbpw

ssIhcpØn. \mKcnIXIfpsS Db¿®XmgvNIsf ]‰nbp≈ ]mT

ßfneqsS AXh¿°v km¿hImenI km¿heuInI [mcW

\¬In. tkzNvOm[n]XnIfpsS ]X\Øns≥dbpw kmXznI∑m

cpsS sFXnlmknI hnPbßfpsSbpw ZrjvSm¥ßfneqsS

AXhcn¬ BXvat_m[hpw DXvI¿tjNvObpw hf¿Øn.

Jp¿B≥ krjvSn® AXv`pXw

Jp¿B\n∂v apºpw Jp¿B\n∂v ]nºpap≈ Atd_y≥

P\Xsb∏‰n hkvXp\njvTamb Hcp \nco£Ww \SØnbm¬

NcnXØn¬ XpeyXbn√mØ ]cnh¿Ø\amWv Jp¿B≥

Dfhm°nbXv F∂v \ap°v t_m[ys∏Spw. hnip≤Jp¿B≥

AhXcn®v XpSßptºmƒ AYhm Jp¿B\nse BZyhN\w

hmbn®v tIƒ∏n°s∏Sptºmƒ Ad_nIfpsS \ne AXy¥w

timN\obambncp∂p. kmºØnIambn H´pw `Zambncp∂n√

AhcpsS \ne. IsÆØmØ aW¬∏c∏n\nS°v A]q¿h-ambn

Xg®p\n¬°p∂ acp∏®Iƒ sIm®ptKmX߃°pt]mepw

kmºØnI kzbw]cym]vXX \¬Ipambncp∂n√. hym]mcku

Icy߃ AwKpeo]cnanXamb ]´Wßfnep≈h¿°v amXsa

kpkvYnXn \¬Inbncp∂p≈q. ImemhkvYbpsS ]mXnIqeyw

\nanØw kvYnchmktam \nbXamb IrjnkºZmbtam

]mIrXAd_nIƒ°v hn[n°s∏´Xmbncp∂n√. hnZym`ymkw,

NnInXvk, kmt¶XnIhnZyIƒ XpSßnb cwKßfnsems°

]qPyw UnKnbn¬ Xs∂bmbncp∂p Ah¿. cmjvSobamtbm

ssk\nIamtbm Ah¿ kwLSnXcmbncp∂n√. Hmtcm tKmX

tØbpw kmaqlyambn DtØPn∏n®ncp∂ iIvXn XßfpsS

]nXm°fpw ]]nXm°fpw \SØnb hoc]cmIaßfpsS tImcn

Øcn∏n°p∂ IYIfmbncp∂p. B IYIƒ tI v hf¿∂ ]pXnb

Xeapdbv°v iXptKmXßfpambn G‰pap´phm≥ ]dbØ°

ImcWsam∂pw thWsa∂n√mbncp∂p. AhcpsS aX߃

A_≤PSneamb A\v[hnizmkßfnepw BXvamhv \jvSs∏´

BNmcßfnepw HXpßn\n∂p. B AhkvY iXp°ƒ \∂mbn

NqjWw sNbvXp. FtXym]ybpw t]¿jybpw tdma°mcpsa√mw

hnhn[ Ad_vtaJeIfpsS ta¬ ]Xy£amtbm ]tcm£am

tbm B[n]Xyw Dd∏n®ncp∂p.

C\n Cu ImeL´Øn¬ a‰v tZißfpsSbpw cmjvSßfpsS

bpw kvYnXn t\m°mw.

imkvXw, Z¿i\w, NcnXw XpSßnb hnjbßfn¬ temI

Øn\v Xs∂ t\XrXzw \¬Im≥ amXw hf¿∂hcmbncp∂p

A∂sØ Ko°pIm¿. A∂sØ AeIvkm≥Unb (CuPn]vXv)

Gjy\m^n°≥taJebnse G‰hpw henb kmwkv°mcnItI

µambncp∂p. \q‰m≠pIfpsS cmjvSob\mbIXzw amXa√

A∂sØ tdma≥ kmamPyØn\p≠mbncp∂Xv. imkvX

kmt¶XnI cwKßfnepw tdma°m¿ AXnImb∑m¿ Xs∂

bmbncp∂p. Zm¿i\nI∑mcpsSbpw aXmNmcy∑mcpsSbpw \mSmbn

cp∂ t]¿jy cmjvSobcwKØv tdman∂v kaio¿jambncp∂p.

A∂sØ C¥y°m¿ KWnXimkvX, X¿°imkvX cwKßfn

epw, aXZm¿i\nI taJeIfnepw Hu∂Xyw ]m]n®hcmbncp∂p.

F∂n´v Jp¿B≥ F¥mWv sNbvXXv? h\v[yhpw Dujchp

amb acp`qanbpsS a°sf kwkv°mcßsf sh√p∂ Hcp ]pXnb

kwkvImcØns≥d hmlI∑mcm°n. tKmXIelßfn¬

XΩn¬ X√nXI¿∂ncp∂ Hcp P\Xsb GIssZhØns≥d GI

a\ p≈ Zmk∑mcm°n am‰nsbSpØp. `qXt]XmZnIsf amX

a√, ]amWnIsfbpw t]m°ncnIsfbpw t]mepw `b∂pNqfp

hm≥ hn[n°s∏´ Hcp ]oVnXh¿KsØ kmamPyßsf ]I

º\w sIm≈n°p∂ tPXm°fmbn Db¿Øn. Nn´bpw N´ßfpan

√mØ Ad_v PohnXØn\v bpKm¥c߃°n∏pdhpw i_fna

\jvSs∏SmØ Hcp \nbahyhkvY \¬In. ]m]˛]pWyßsf

]‰ntbm [¿a-˛A[¿a-ßsf∏‰ntbm [mcWbn√mØ PohnXm

kIvXnbm¬ amXw \bn°s∏´ncp∂ Hcp P\Xsb AXv Xmfw

sX‰msX [¿a-\njvTamb PohnX]mXbnte°v \bn®p. GI

ssZh hnizmkØn¬ A[njvTnXamb Jp¿B\nIPohnXZ¿

i\Øn\v Hcp P\Xsb alXzØns≥d FX amXw D∂Xamb

Jp¿B≥ Hcp kXymt\zjnbpsS apºn¬ 22 Jp¿B≥ Hcp kXymt\zjnbpsS apºn¬ 23

-

inJcßfnte°v \bn°m≥ Ignbpsa∂v temIw A∂v I≠p.

]mIrXmhkvYbn¬\n∂v hnip≤ Jp¿B≥ hf¿ØnsbSpØ

Atd_y≥ aWemcWyØns≥d DujcXbn¬\n∂v aplΩZv

\_n () hm¿sØSpØ ssZhØm¬ Iq´nbnW°s∏´ B

P\hn`mKØns≥d B¿Phhpw BXvahocyhpw I≠v Aºc∂v

\n¬°mt\ tdma≥ bh\ t]¿jy≥ mcXob \mKcnIXIfpsS

\mbI∑m¿°v A∂v Ign™p≈q. hnip≤ Jp¿B\ns≥d

ssZhnIX AwKoIcn°m≥ aSnbp≈ NcnXImc∑m¿t]mepw

Ggmw \q‰m≠n¬ kmwkvI-mcnI kmaqly cmjvSob cwKßfn

emsI hnkvabmhlhpw sFXnlmknIhpamb apt∂‰w

\SØnb Ad_nIfpsS ap∂n¬ angn®p\n∂n´p≠v. aplΩZv \_n

()sb ]‰n ]pe`yw ]dbm≥ aSn°mØ F®v.Pn. sh¬kv F∂

NcnXImc≥t]mepw Jp¿B\ns≥d A\pbmbnIƒ A∂v

\SØnb NcnXØn¬ XpeyXbn√mØ ssPXbmXsb∏‰n

hnkvab]q¿h-w ]cma¿in°m≥ \n¿_\v[Xn-\mbn´p≠v.

Jp¿B≥ F¥psIm≠v AXpeyw?

sshPvRm\nI hnkvt^mS\w F∂v hnfn°s∏Sp∂ ]Xn`m

kw temIØv AXv pX߃ hncnbn®psIm≠ncn°p∂ Cu Ime

Øv Ggmw \q‰m≠nse Hcp Ad_n K\vYØns≥d AXpeyXsb

∏‰n ]dbp∂Xv Nne¿°v ]cnlmkyambn tXm∂ntb°mw. s\m

t_¬ kΩm\w t\Snb kmlnXyIrXnIfpsSbpw imkvXkn

≤m¥ßfpsSbpw apºn¬ Hcp aXK\vYØns≥d ]kIvXn ]mtS

\ntj[n°p∂hcp≠mtb°mw.

F∂m¬ e£WbpIvXamb Hcp K\vYsØ∏‰nbp≈ ssZhn

Ihn`mh\bpsS ASnkvYm\Øn¬ hnip≤ Jp¿B\ns≥d Ab

eØv \n¬°m≥ tbmKyamb Hcp IrXnt]mepw B[p\nI

bpKØn¬ shfn®w I≠n´ns√∂v kq£va hniIe\Øn¬

hyIvXamIpw. Hcp K\vYw e£WbpIvXamIm≥ F¥v thWw?

""B K\vYw, AXn¬ kwiban√. [¿a-\njvT¿°v AXv am¿K

Z¿iIasX'' (hn.Jp. 2:1)

PohnXØns≥d t\¿°v c≠pXcw ho£mKXnIƒ sh®p

]pe¿Øp∂hcp≠v. H∂v, P¥pklPamb hyKXtbmsS PohnX

kpJ߃ hmcn°q´phm≥ ian°p∂h¿. G‰hpw BkzmZyamb

Blmc ]m\obßfpw ihy˛Zriy at\mlmcnXIfpw ssewKnI

tNjvSIfpambncn°pw AhcpsS PohnX ho£WØn¬ anI®p

\n¬°p∂Xv. kz¥w Xm¬]cyØn\pXIp∂Xmbn tXm∂p∂

sX√mw Ah¿°v bpIvXambncn°pw. c≠v, AXncpw FXncpan√m

Ø PohnXXrjvW A]ISØntet° \bn°pIbp≈qsh∂pw

PohnXw [m¿anIXbpsS N´°q´n¬ IaoIcns®¶nte alXzw

ssIhcn°m\mIq F∂pw a\ nem°nbh¿. H∂masØ

hn`mKsØ \bn°p∂Xv £WnI hnImcßfpw Xm¬°menI

em`Nn¥bpamsW¶n¬ c≠mw hn`mKsØ \bn°p∂Xv

hnthIhpw Zo¿LZrjvSnbpambncn°pw.

hnthIimenIfmb Cu hn`mKw Ft∏mgpw [¿aØns≥d

shfn®w tXSp∂hcmbncn°pw. Ccp´n¬\n∂v shfn®Ønte°v

F∂Xmbncn°pw AhcpsS apZmhmIyw. CØc°m¿°v hgn

Im´m≥ km[n°p∂Xv F∂v \n tµlw AhImis∏Sp∂

K\vYw GXp≠v? CXmWv ]iv\w. hnip≤ Jp¿B≥ AhImi

s∏Sp∂p: a\pjycpsS hmKvhnNmcI¿a-߃ A[¿a-Ønte°v

hyXnNen°ptºmƒ Ahsc hos≠SpØv [¿aØns≥d shfn®

Ønte°v B\bn°m≥ AXn\v km[n°psa∂vv.-

thsd GXv K\vYØn\v Cßs\ AhImis∏Sm\mIpw? aX

Zm¿i\nIhnjbßfnepw imkvX kmlnXyhn`mKßfnepambn

tImSm\ptImSn K\vY߃ hnhn[ `mjIfnembn temIØp

s≠∂Xv icnbmWv. Ahsbms° BfpIƒ°v Adnhpw A\p`q

XnIfpw ]I¿∂psImSp°p∂pap≠v. F∂m¬ Adnhnt\°mfpw

A\p`qXntb°mfpw D∂Xamb k∑m¿K- Nn¥ \¬Ip∂Xn¬

Ahbv°v FXamXw kaKXbpw kºq¿WXbpw AhImis∏

Sm\mIpw? ss__nfpw KoXbpw sk¥v AshkvXbpw a‰pw aX

K\vYßsf∂ \nebn¬ Cu cwKØv NnesXms° sNøp∂p≠v.

F∂m¬ ssZhnI-Zo]vXnbpambn a\pjya\ ns\ kZm

_\v[n∏n®psIm≠v PohnXsØ BaqemKw kwkvIcn°p

hm\p≈ kaKamb \nba\n¿tZ-i߃ Ah Dƒs°m≈p∂n

s√∂v kcfamb XmcXayw sIm≠pXs∂ kv]jvSamIpw.

Jp¿B≥ tIhew Nne ]qPmIaßfpw ]m¿Y-\m k¶o¿Ø

Jp¿B≥ Hcp kXymt\zjnbpsS apºn¬ 24 Jp¿B≥ Hcp kXymt\zjnbpsS apºn¬ 25

-

\ßfpw ASßp∂ K\vYa√. a\pjy PohnXsØ Kkn°mhp

∂ F√m Xn∑Isf∏‰nbpw hyIvXamb Xm°oXv AXn¬ ASßn

bn´p≠v. Ip‰hmfnIsf ImØncn°p∂ ssZhnI in£bpw, Ip‰

IrXy߃°v `cWIqSw \¬tI≠ `uXnI in£bpw hnip≤

Jp¿B≥ hnhcn°p∂p. CS]mSpIƒ hnizkvXXtbmsS \SØp

hm\p≈ [m¿anI am¿KZ¿i\hpw ]WanS]mSpIfn¬ I£nIƒ

XΩn¬ X¿°ßƒ DXv`hn°mXncn°p∂Xn\pth≠ ]mtbm

KnI \n¿tZ-ißfpw Hcpt]mse Jp¿B≥ Dƒs°m≈p∂p.

hnhmlw kpZr--Vamb Icm¿ F∂ \nebn¬ ImØpkq£n

°m\p≈ [m¿antIm¬t_m[\hpw IpSpw_hg°pIƒ cayambn

]d™pXo¿°p∂Xn\p≈ ]mtbmKnI \S]SnIaßfpw Jp¿B

\n¬ ImWmw. Bcm[\mIaßsf bm¥nIamb A\pjvTm\ß

fmbn´√ hnip≤ Jp¿B≥ AhXcn∏n°p∂Xv. PohnXsØ

kzNvOhpw \n¿aehpw AhIhpambn \ne\n¿Øm≥ klmbn

°p∂ [m¿anI ]tNmZt\m]m[nIsf∂ \nebnemWv \akvIm

cw (]m¿Y-\) k°mXv (\n¿_\v[ Zm\w), hXw, lPvPv

(a°bnte°p≈ Xo¿YmS\w) F∂o Imcyßsf Jp¿B≥ Ah

Xcn∏n°p∂Xv. hnImchnNmcßsf ip≤am°mØ, kzm¿Y-w

\o°mØ, tkh\a\kvYnXn hf¿ØmØ bm¥nIamb \akv

I-mcw (]m¿Y-\) \miØnt\ DXIq F∂v Jp¿B≥ Xm°oXv

\¬Ip∂p. ssewKnI AcmPIXzØns\Xncn¬ amXa√,

A]hmZ]NmcWØns\Xncnepw kz`mhlXys°Xncnepw IqSn

kacw ]Jym]n®psIm≠v D≈pw ]pdhpw Hcpt]mse- ip≤amb

kaqlØns≥d krjvSn°v Bhiyamb D]m[nIƒ Jp¿B≥

hc®pIm´p∂p.

`uXnIhpw A`uXnIhpw

`uXnI]]©Øn¬ a\pjy≥ Is≠Øp∂ P¥p°ƒt°m

kky߃t°m \n¿÷-oh ]Zm¿Y-߃t°m sX‰v sNøm≥

Ignbn√. h©n°m\mhn√. I≈w ]dbm≥ km[n°n√. A[¿aw

]h¿Øn°m≥ Ahbvs°m∂pw kzmX¥yan√. Hmtcm∂pw

AhbpsS [¿a-w bYmhn[n \n¿h-ln°p∂p. a\pjy≥ CXn¬

\ns∂√mw hyXykvX\sX! kzX¥amb Nn¥, kzX¥amb

hm°v, kzX¥amb ]h¿Ø\w: AXsX Ahs≥d khnti

jX. `uXnItemIØv a\pjy\v amXw e`n® Cu kzmX¥y

sØ∏‰n Ah≥ icnbmwhÆw Nn¥n®m¬ Ahs≥d AkvXnXz]

camb _m[yXIƒ Ah\v Is≠Øm\mIpw. ]IrXym A[¿

a-w ]h¿Øn°m≥ kzmX¥yan√mØ krjvSnIƒ°v ]tXyI

am¿KZ¿i\Øns≥d Bhiyan√. AYhm AhbpsS

]IrXntbmsSm∏w AhbpsS am¿Khpw \n¿Wbn°s∏´ncn

°p∂p. A[¿a-w ]h¿Øn°m≥ kzmX¥yap≈ a\pjy\v

am¿KZ¿i\w thWw. `uXnIPvRm\w t\¿hgn ImWn°m≥

]cym]vXamhn√. hnhmlamtWm hy`nNmcamtWm a\pjy

[¿asa∂v `uXnIimkvXw ]Tn∏n°p∂n√. \oXntbm A\o

Xntbm, kXytam AkXytam, ImcpWytam IqcXtbm GXmWv

[¿asa∂v `uXnIambn sXfnbn°pI km[ya√. `uXnI

]]©sØ∏‰n ]Tn°m≥ ssZhw a\pjy\v \¬Inb IgnhpIƒ

Jp¿B≥ Nnt¥m±o]Iamwhn[w Nq≠n°m´p∂p≠v. a\\w, hN

\w, teJ\w F∂o am\hnI IgnhpIsf ssZhØns≥d Aaqey

amb A\pKlßsf∂ \nebn¬ Jp¿B≥ AhXcn∏n°pIbpw

B IgnhpIƒ Zm\w sNbvXXn\v kjvSmhnt\mSv \µn

]ISn∏n°m≥ Blzm\w sNøpIbpw sNøp∂p.

F∂m¬ kXyhpw AkXyhpw hnthNn®dntb≠ \n¿Wmb

IcwKßfn¬ A`uXnI tIµßfn¬\n∂v, ]]©\mY\n¬

\n∂v am¿KZ¿i\w e`ns®¶ne√msX a\pjy\v t\¿hgn

Is≠Øm\mhn√. ImemImeßfn¬ hnhn[ tZißfn¬

\nbpIvXcmb ]hmNI∑mcneqsS A√mlp a\pjy¿°v A`uXn

Iamb am¿KZ¿i\w \¬In. B am¿KZ¿i\w kzoIcn®h¿°v

AhcpsS PohnXsØ hnip≤ambn ImØpkq£n°m≥

km[n®p. kz¥w Adnhn¬ Al¶cn®h¿°v A[¿aßfneqsS

A[x]Xn°m\mbncp∂p hn[n. [mcmfw NcnXkw`hßfpsSbpw

PohnXZrjvSm¥ßfpsSbpw shfn®Øn¬ Jp¿B≥ Cu

hkvXpX ka¿Y-n°p∂p.

am¿KZ¿i\w ]tbmP\s∏SWsa¶n¬ Jp¿B≥ Nq≠n°m

Wn°p∂ A\nhmcy D]m[n a\pjy≥ ssK_n¬- (A`uXnI

kXyßfn¬) hnizkn°Wsa∂p≈XmWv. a\pjy\v kz¥w

PvRm\Øn¬ aXn∏p≠mIWsa∂v Xs∂bmWv Jp¿B≥

Jp¿B≥ Hcp kXymt\zjnbpsS apºn¬ 26 Jp¿B≥ Hcp kXymt\zjnbpsS apºn¬ 27

-

]Tn∏n°p∂Xv. AtXmsSm∏w k¿h-PvR\mb ssZhØns≥d

BXy¥nIPvRm\Øns≥d k¿thm∂XkvYm\hpw a\pjy≥

AwKoIcn°Ww. XnImePvRm\nbmb ssZhØn\v amXsa

sX‰v ]‰mØ am¿K-\n¿tZ-iw \¬Im≥ A¿lXbpw AhImi

hpw D≈qsh∂XmWv Jp¿B\ns≥d \ne]mSvv.

""BZan\v Ah≥ "t]cp'Isf√mw ]Tn∏n®p'' (hn.Jp. 2:31).-

""a\pjys\ Ah≥ krjvSn®p. Ah∂v Bib]Imi\w

]Tn∏n®p'' (hn.Jp. 55:3,4).

""t]\ sIm≠v ]Tn∏n®h≥, a\pjy\v Adn™pIqSmØXv

Ah≥ ]Tn∏n®p'' (hn.Jp. 96:4,5).-

""\n߃ Hcp Imcyw shdptØ°mw. bYm¿Y-Øn¬ AXv

\n߃°v KpWIcambncn°pw. \n߃ Hcp Imcyw CjvSs∏

t´°mw. bYm¿Y-Øn¬ AXv \n߃°v tZmjIcamtb°mw.

A√mlp Adnbp∂p. \n߃ Adnbp∂n√'' (hn.Jp. 2:216).-

""Xm¶ƒ ]dbq, BXvamhv Fs≥d \mYs≥d ImcyØn¬s]´

XmIp∂p. PvRm\Øn¬ \n∂v A¬]w amXsa \n߃°v \¬I

s∏´n´p≈q'' (hn.Jp. 17:85).

""\n߃°v Fs≥d am¿KZ¿i\w hs∂Øptºmƒ B

am¿KZ¿i\w ]n¥pScp∂Xmtcm Ah¿°v bmsXmcp `bhpan√.

Ah¿ ZpxJnt°≠nhcnIbpan√'' (hn.Jp. 2:38).-

C∂v temIØn\v t\cn´ G‰hpw henb Zpc¥w `uXnI

PvRm\Øn\v amXw AwKoImcw \¬IpIbpw a\pjys\ t\¿h

gnbnte°v \bn°p∂ ssZhnIktµisØ AKWytImSnbn¬

X≈pIbpw sNbvXXmsW∂v h¿Øam\Ime kw`h߃

kq£vaambn \nco£n°p∂h¿°v hyIvXamIpw.

NcnXw Jp¿B\n¬

hnip≤ Jp¿B≥ Hcp NcnXK\vYa√. F∂m¬ a\pjy

cminsb Ccp´pIfn¬\n∂v shfn®Ønte°v sIm≠phcm≥

th≠n AhXcn∏n°s∏´ Hcp K\vYØn\v qXImeNcnXsØ

AhKWn®psIm≠v mhnsb∏‰n ]dbm\mhn√. ]q¿h-Ime]hm

NI∑mcpsS ]t_m[\Øns≥dbpw ]hmNI∑mcpsS ]Xntbm

KnIfpsS ]XnIcWßfpsSbpw NcnXØn¬\n∂v ]mTapƒ

s°m≈m≥ klmbn°pIsb∂XmWv Jp¿B\nse NcnXIY

\Øns≥d e£yw.

Jp¿B≥ AhXcn∏n°s∏-S-p∂ ImesØ NcnXsa∂m¬

kXysØ°mƒ AkXyØn\v ap≥Xq°ap≈ CXnlmkßfm

bncp∂p. Ad_n°YItfmfans√¶nepw AanXh¿W\Ifp

sSbpw AXnitbmIvXnIfpsSbpw Ie¿∏v [mcmfw tN¿∂Xv

Xs∂bmbncp∂p ss__nƒ IYIfpw. F∂m¬ hnip≤ Jp¿B

\ns≥d NcnXhnhcWw CXn¬\n∂pw XnI®pw hyXykvXamWv.

AXn¬ B[p\nI-NcnXho£Ww sh®pt\m°nbm¬ sX‰m

sW∂v sXfnbn°mhp∂ Imcyßsfm∂pw Xs∂bn√. ]]t©m

¬]Ønsb ]‰nbpw a\ptjym¬]Ønsb]‰nbpw ss__nƒ

]gb \nbaØnep≈ Ahnizk\obamb ]cma¿ißsfm∂pw

hnip≤ Jp¿B\n¬ Cs√∂Imcyw ]kvXmhyamIp∂p.

ss__nfpw X¬aqZpw a‰pw ]mcmbWw sNbvXn´v AXns≥d

shfn®Øn¬ aplΩZv \_n kz¥ambn hncNn®XmWv hnip≤

Jp¿B≥ F∂ hna¿iIcpsS hmZØn\v iIvXamb adp]Sn IqSn

bmWv Jp¿B\nsebpw ss__nfnsebpw NcnX]camb ]cma¿

i߃ XΩnep≈ auenIamb A¥cw.

D-Zm-l-c-W-am-bn,- Rm-b¿- ap-X¬- sh-≈n-Iq-Sn-b- B-dv- Zn-h-k-

ß-fn-em-bn- ssZ-hw- ]-]-©-kr-jv-Sn- \-S-Øn-b- ti-jw- G-gmw-

Znhkw- tPm-en-bn¬-\n-∂v- \n-hr-Ø\m-bn- hni-an-®p-sh-∂pw- A∂m-

Wv- i-∫-Øv- F-∂p-am-Wv- D¬-]-Øn- ]p-kv-X-I-Øn¬- (ss_-_nƒ-

]-g-b- \n-b-aw)-tc-J-s∏-Sp-Øn-bn- p-≈-Xv.- F-∂m¬- hn-ip-≤- Jp¿-B-

\n¬- ]-]-©-sØ- B-dv- "bu-ap'-I-fn-em-°n- kr-jv-Sn-®p-sh-∂v- amX-

sa- ]-d-™n-´p-≈q- (hn.-Jp.- 7:-54,- 10:-3,- 11:-7,-25:-59,- 32:-4,- 50:-38,- 57:-4)-

"buw'- F-∂m¬- B-gv-N-bn-se- H-cp- Zn-h-k-a-√,- A-Xn-Zo¿-L-am-b-

Hcp- Im-e-b-f-hm-sW-∂pw- Jp¿-B≥- hy-Iv-X-am-°n-bn- p-≠v.- ]-]©-

sØ- kr-jv-Sn-®n- v- ssZ-hw- £o-Wn-°p-∂- ]-iv-\-ta-bn-s√-∂pw- (AXp-

sIm-≠p-X-s∂- hn-i-a-Øn-s≥-d- ]-iv-\-hp-an-√)- Jp¿-B≥- kv-]-jvS-

am-°n-bn-´p-≠v (hn.-Jp.- 46:-33).-

]-hm-N-I-\m-b- eq-Øn- (tem-Øv)-s\-∏-‰n- ss_-_nƒ- ]-cm-a-¿in-

°p-∂-Xv- H-cp-]-hm-N-I-s≥-d- a-l-Xz-Øn-t\m- km-[m-c-W-°m-c-s≥d-

Jp¿B≥ Hcp kXymt\zjnbpsS apºn¬ 28 Jp¿B≥ Hcp kXymt\zjnbpsS apºn¬ 29

-

k- y-X-bv-t°m- \n-c-°m-Ø- hn-[-Øn-em-Wv.- Jp¿-B≥- A-t±-l-sØ-

hn-ti-jn-∏n-°p-∂-Xv- ssew-Kn-Ik-Zm-Nm-c-Øn-s≥-d- ]-t_m-[-I-\m-

bn-´m-Wv.- b-Av-Iq-_v- \-_n- (bm-t°m-_v-)-sb- ss_-_nƒ- Nn-Xo-I

cn-°p-∂-Xv- ssZ-h-hp-am-bn- Kp-kv-Xn- \-S-Øn-b- ho-c-]-cm-I-an-bm-bn-

´m-Wv.- Jp¿-B≥- A-t±-l-sØ-∏-‰n- hn-h-cn-°p-∂-Xv- A-Xy-¥w- Xmgv-

a-tbm-sS- I-c-™v- I-e-ßn-b- I-Æp-I-fp-am-bn- ssZ-h-tØm-Sv- ]m¿-

Y-n-°p-∂- H-cp- hn-\o-XZm-k-\m-bn-´m-Wv.-

]-]-t©m¬-]-Øn- kw-_-\v-[n-®pw- a-\p-tjym¬-]-Øn- kw-_-

\v-[n-®pw- ss_-_nfn¬-- ]-c-∂p-In-S-°p-∂- hn-Nn-X-am-b- hn-h-c-W-

ß-fpw- I-W-°p-I-fpw- hn-ip-≤- Jp¿-B\n-en-s√-∂v- am-X-a-√,- B[p-

\n-I- im-kv-X-Pv-R-∑m-sc- t]m-epw- A-º-cn-∏n-°p-∂- A-\yq-\-X-tbm-

Sp-Iq-Sn- hn-ip-≤- Jp¿-B≥- ]m-]-©n-I- ]-Xn- m-k-ß-fn-te-°v- shfn-

®w- h-o-ip-∂p-≠v F-∂-Xpw- hn-ip-≤- Jp¿-B-\n-s≥-d- A-am-\p-jn-I-

X-°v- D-Ø-a-Zr-jv-Sm-¥-a-sX.-

Jp¿-B-\n-I- Zr-jv-Sm-¥-߃-

hn-ip-≤- Jp-¿-B≥- a-\p-jy-a-\- n-t\m-Sv- kw-km-cn-°p-∂-Xv- AXv-

`p-X-߃-sIm-≠v- A- ym-kw- Im-Wn-°p-∂- C-Xn-lm-kI-Ym-]m-Xß-

sf- Nq-≠n-°m-Wn-®p-sIm-≠-√.- q-X-˛t]-Xm-Zn-I-sf-]-‰n-tbm- cm£-

km-Im-cw- ]p-≠- Zp-jv-S-i-Iv-Xn-I-sf-∏-‰n-tbm- C-ºm-®n- ]-d-™p-sIm-

≠p-a-√.- G-sXm-cp- Nn-¥m-io-e-s\-bpw- hn-kv-a-bn-∏n-°p-∂,- I-Æpw-

Im-Xpw- a-\- pw Xp-d-∂p-sh-°m≥- k-∑-\- p-≈- G-sXm-cp- Pn-PvRm-

kp-hn-∂pw- Iu-Xp-I-ap-f-hm-°p-∂- ]m-]-©n-I- ]-Xn-`m-k-ß-sf-

Nq≠n-°m-Wn-®p-sIm-≠v- hnip-≤- Jp¿-B≥- tNm-Zn-°p-∂p-;- C-sXm-

s°- bm-Zr-Nv-On-I-am-bn- kw- -hn-®-Xm-tWm,- A-e-£y-am-bpw- A-hyh-

kv-Yn-X-am-bpw- H-Øp-Iq-Sn-b-Xm-tWm- F-∂v.- ]m-No-\A-td-_y-bn-

se- bp-Iv-Xn-hm-Zn-I-sf- am-X-a-√ B-[p-\n-I- bp-Iv-Xn-hm-Zn-I-sf-bpw-

D-Ø-cw- ap- n-°p-∂-X-tX- Jp¿-B≥- D-b¿-Øn-°m- p-∂- Zr-jv-Sm-¥ß-

ƒ-.- ssZ-h-Øn-s≥-d- A-kv-Xn-Xz-Øn-\pw- A-Xp-ey-am-b- I-gn-hp-Iƒ°pw-

Jp¿-B≥- sX-fn-hv- \n-c-Øp-∂- co-Xn- A-Xy-¥w- e-fn-X-hpw- lr-Zbm-

h¿-P-I-hp-a-sX.- G-Xm-\pw- D-Zm-l-c-W-߃- Xm-sg- sIm-Sp-°p-∂p:-

""A-h-s≥-d- Zr-jv-Sm-¥-ß-fn¬-s]- -Xm-Wv-:- A-h≥- \n-ß-sf- aÆn

¬-\n-∂v- kr-jv-Sn-®p- F-∂-Xv.- F-∂n-´m-Wv- \n-߃- Cu- ]-c-∂p-In-S-

°p-∂- a-\p-jy-h¿-K-a-X-bp-ap-≠m-b-Xv.-

A-h-s≥-d- Zr-jv-Sm-¥-ßfn¬-s]-´-Xm-Wv- \n-߃-°p-th-≠n-

Ah≥- \n-ß-fn¬-\n-∂v- X-s∂- C-W-I-sf- kr-jv-Sn-®p-sh-∂-Xv.-

\n߃- A-h-tcm-sSm-Øv- im-¥n-tbm-sS- h-kn-®n-Sp-hm≥-th-≠n,-

\n߃-°n-S-bn¬- A-h≥- kv-t\-l-hpw- Im-cp-Wy-hpw- D-f-hm-°p-I-

bpw- sN-bv-Xp.- Xo¿-®-bm-bpw- A-Xn¬- Nn-¥n-°p-∂- B-fp-Iƒ-°v-

sX-fn-hp-I-fp-≠v.-

""D-]-cn-tem-I-ßf-p-sS-bpw- q-an-bp-sS-bpw- kr-jv-Sn-∏pw- \n-ß-fpsS-

`m-j-I-fp-sS-bpw- h¿-W-ß-fp-sS-bpw- ssh-hn-[y-hpw- A-h-s≥-d- Zrjv-

Sm-¥-ß-fn¬- s]- -X-sX.- A-dn-hp-≈-h¿-°v- A-Xn¬- sX-fn-hp-I-fp≠v,-

Xo¿-®.-

cm-hn-epw- ]-I-en-ep-ap-≈- \n-ß-fp-sS- \n-Z-bpw- A-h-s≥-d- A-\pK-

l-ß-fn¬-\n-∂v- \n-߃- D-]-Po-h-\w- tX-Sp-∂-Xpw- A-h-s≥-d- Zr-jv

Sm-¥-ßfn¬-s]- -X-sX.- i-≤n-®p-tIƒ-°p-∂- B-fp-Iƒ-°v- A-Xn¬-

sX-fn-hp-I-fp-≠v,- Xo¿-®.-

-b-hpw- tam-l-hp-ap-W¿-Øn-s°m-≠v- A-h≥- \n-߃-°v- an-∂¬

∏n-W¿- Im-Wn-®p-X-cp-∂-Xpw- A-h-s≥-d- Zr-jv-Sm-¥-ß-fn¬ -s]-´-X-

sX.- D-]-cn- m-K-Øp-\n-∂v- sh-≈w -sNm-cn-™p-X-cn-I-bpw- \n¿-Pohm-

h-kv-Y-bv-°p-ti-jw- q-an-°v- Po-h≥- \¬-Ip-I-bpw- sN-øp-∂p.- Xo¿®-

bm-bpw- A-Xn¬- Nn-¥n-°p-∂- B-fp-Iƒ-°-v- sX-fn-hp-I-fp-≠v.-

A-h-s≥-d- Zr-jv-Sm-¥-ßfn¬-s]-´-X-sX,- B-Im-i-hpw- `q-an-bpw-

A-h-s≥-d- im-k-\-b-\p-k-cn-®v- \n-e-\n¬-°p-∂p-sh-∂-Xv.- ]n-∂o-Sv-

\n-ß-sf- `q-an-bn¬-\n-∂v- (a-c-Wm-\-¥-cw)- A-h≥- H-cp- hn-fn-b-ßv-

hn-fn-°p-tºmƒ- \n-ß-f-Xm- A-h-¶-te-°v- ]p-d-s∏-Sp-∂p.-

D-]-cntem-I-ß-fn-epw- q-an-bn-epw- D-≈-h-sb--√mw- A-h-s≥-d-XmIp-

∂p.- F-√m-h-cpw- A-h-∂v- Io-g-S-ßp-∂-h-c-sX.-

A-h≥- X-s∂-bm-Ip-∂p- kr-jv-Sn-I¿a-w- Xp-S-ßp-∂-Xv.- ]n-∂oSv-

A-h-\-Xv- B-h¿-Øn-°p-∂p.- B- B-h¿-Ø-\w- A-h-\v- Iq-Sp-X¬-

F-fp-∏-ap-≈-Xm-Ip-∂p.- D-]-cn-tem-I-ß-fn-seb-pw- `qan-bn-se-bpw-

AXyp-∂-X-am-b- am-Xr-I- A-h-s≥-d-Xm-Ip-∂p.- A-h≥- ]-X-m-]n-bpw-

A-`n-Pv-R-\p-a-sX'' (hn.-Jp.- 30:-20˛27).-

""D-]-cn-tem-I-ß-fp-sS-bpw- `q-an-bp-sS-bpw- kr-jv-Sn-∏n-epw- Zn-\-cm-

Jp¿B≥ Hcp kXymt\zjnbpsS apºn¬ 30 Jp¿B≥ Hcp kXymt\zjnbpsS apºn¬ 31

-

X-ß-fp-sS- am-‰-Øn-epw- P-t\m-]-Im-c-]-Z-am-b- h-kv-Xp-°-fp-am-bn-

I-S-en-eq-sS- k-©-cn-°p-∂- I-∏-en-epw,- A-√m-lp- D-]-cn- m-K-Øp-\n∂v-

sh-≈w- sNm-cn-™p-X-∂n-´v- X-Zzm-cm- \n¿-÷-o-h-am-bn-°n-S-∂n-cp-∂-

`q-an-°v- Po-h≥- \¬-In-b-Xn-epw,- qan-bn¬- P-¥p-Pm-e-ß-sf- hn-\ykn-

®-Xn-epw,- Im-‰p-I-fp-sS- K-Xn-hn-]-cy-b-Øn-epw- B-Im-i- q-an-Iƒ-°n-

S-bn-eq-sS- B-\-bn-°-s∏-Sp-∂- Im¿-ta-L-Øn-epw- Nn-¥n-°p-∂- Bfp-

Iƒ-°v- Zr-jv-Sm-¥-ß-fp-≠v,- Xo¿-®''- (hn.-Jp.- 2:-164).-

""k-Xy-\n-tj-[n-Iƒ- I-≠n-t√?- D-]-cn-tem-I-ß-fpw- q-an-bpw- H´n-

t®¿-∂-h-bm-bn-cp-∂p.- F-∂n- v- \mw- A-h-sb- th¿-s∏-Sp-Øn.- sh≈-

Øn¬-\n-∂pw- F-√m- ssP-h-h-kv-Xp-°-sf-bpw- \mw- D-≠m-°p-I-bpw-

sN-bv-Xp.- F-∂n- pw- A-h¿- hn-iz-kn-°p-∂n-t√?- q-an-bn¬- D-d-®p\n¬-

°p-∂- ]¿-h-X-ß-sf- \mw- D-≠m-°n;- A-h-sc-bpw-sIm-≠v- A-Xv- "`qan'-

C-f-In-t∏m-Im-Xn-cn-°p-hm≥- th-≠n.- B- ]¿-h-X-ßf-n¬- hn-im-eam-

b- ]m-X-I-fpw- \mw- D-≠m-°n-;- A-h¿- h-gn- I-s≠-Øp-∂-Xn-\p-th≠n.-

D-]-cn-`m-K-sØ- \mw- kp-c-£n-X-am-b- H-cp- ta¬-∏p-c-bm-I-bpw-

sNbv-Xp.- F-∂n-´pw- C-h-bn-e-S-ßn-b-sX-fn-hp-Iƒ- i-≤n-°m-sX-

Ah¿- Xn-cn-™p-I-f-bp-I-bmIp-∂p-!-

A-h-\m-Ip-∂p- Z-n-\-cm-X-ßsf-bpw- kq-cy-N-µ-∑m-sc-bpw- krjv-

Sn-®-Xv.- Hm-tcm-∂pw- A-X-Xn-s≥-d- -a-W-]-Y-Øn¬- \o-¥n-s°m-≠ncn-

°p-∂p''- (hn.-Jp.- 21:-30˛33)-.-

""A-h¿-°p-≈- Zr-jv-S-m-¥w- \n¿-Po-h-am-b- q-an-bm-Ip-∂p.- \m-aXn-

\v- Po-h≥- \¬-Ip-I-bpw- A-Xn¬-\n-∂v- [m-\yw- D¬-]m-Zn-∏n-°p-Ibpw-

sN-bv-Xp.- F-∂n-´v- A-Xn¬- \n-∂-sX- Ah-¿- `p-Pn-°p-∂-Xv.-

A-Xn¬- \mw- Cu-¥-∏-\-tØm-´-ß-fpw- ap-¥n-cn-tØm-´-ß-fpw-

D≠m-°n.- A-Xn¬- \mw- \o-cp-d-h-Iƒ- s]m-´n-s®-Sp-°p-I-bpw- sN-

bvXp.- A-Xn-s≥-d- -e-ß-fn¬-\n-∂v- A-h¿- p-Pn-®n-Sp-hm≥.- (b-Ym¿Y-

Øn¬-)- A-h-cp-sS- I-c-ß-f-√- A-Xv- D-≠m-°n-b-Xv.- F-∂n-´pw- Ah¿-

\-µn- Im-Wn-°p-∂n-t√?-

`q-an- ap-f-∏n-°p-∂-h,- A-h-cp-sS- kz-¥w- i-co-c-߃,-- Ah¿-°dn-

™p-Iq-Sm-Ø- a-‰v- h-kv-Xp-°ƒ- F-√mw- C-W-I-fm-bn- kr-jv-Sn-®-

krjv-Sn-I¿-Øm-hv- F-X- a-l-X-zap-≈-h≥-!''-- (hn.Jp.- 36:-33˛36).-

""P-\-ß-tf- \n-߃-°v- (a-c-Wm-\-¥-c-ap-≈)- D-b¿-sØ-gp-t∂¬

∏n¬- kw-i-b-am-sW-¶n¬- (i-≤n-°p-I).- \m-am-Wv- \n-ß-sf- a-Æn¬-

\n-∂v- kr-jv-Sn-®-Xv.- ]ns∂- _o-P-I-W-Øn¬-\n-∂v.- ]n-s∂- `q-W-

Øn¬-\n-∂v.- ]n-s∂- cq-]w- ]q-≠-Xpw- A-√m-Ø-Xp-am-b- amw-k-]nWv-

U-Øn¬-\n-∂v.- F-∂n-´v- \mw- Dt±-in-°p-∂- H-cp- \n¿-W-n-X- k-a-bw-

h-sc- K¿- m-i-b-Øn¬- Xm-ßm≥-hn-Sp-∂p.- \n-ß-sf- \mw- ssi-ihm-

h-kv-Y-bn¬- ]p-d-Øp-sIm-≠p-h-cp-∂p.- ]n-s∂- \n-߃- ]-cn-]-Iz-]m-

b-Øn-se-Øp-∂p.- \n-߃- Nn-e¿- (C-S-]m-b-Øn¬)- N-c-aw- ]m-

]n°-p-∂p.- Nn-e¿- A-h-ihm¿-≤-Iy-Øn-te-°v- \-bn-°-s∏-Sp-∂p.-

AsX,- ]-e-Xpw- A-dn-bp-am-bn-cp-∂-Xn-\p-ti-jw- H-∂p-w- A-dn-bm-Ø-

A-h-kv-Y-bn-te-°v''- (hn.-Jp.- 22:-5).-

""A-h≥- \n-ß-sf- H-scm-‰- k-Ø-bn¬-\n-∂v- kr-jv-Sn-®p.- ]n-s∂-

A-Xn¬-\n-∂v- X-s∂- A-Xn-s≥-d- C-W-sb-bpw- D-≠m-°n.- \n-߃-

°p-th-≠n- Im-en-I-fn¬-\n-∂v- F-´v- C-W-I-tf-bpw- A-h≥- H-cp-°n-

Ø-∂p.- \n-ß-fp-sS- am-Xm-°-fp-sS- DZ-c-ß-fn¬- H-∂n-\p-]p-d-sI- H∂m-

bn- kr-jv-Sn-∏n-s≥-d- ]-e- L-´-ß-fn-em-bn- \n-ß-sf-b-h≥- kr-jv-Sn-

°p-∂p.- aq-∂v- C-cp-´p-Iƒ-°p-≈n¬.- A-h-\m-Ip-∂p- \n-ß-fp-sS- \m

Y≥.- A-h-∂m-Ip-∂p- B-[n-]-Xyw-.- A-h-\-√m-sX- H-cm-cm-[y-\p-an-√.-

F-∂n-´v- \n-ß-sf-ß-s\- hy-Xn-N-en-°-s∏-Sp-∂p?''- (hn.-Jp.- 39:-6)-.-

""A-√m-lp- \n-ß-sf- \n-ß-fp-sS- am-Xm-°-fp-sS- D-Z-c-ß-fn¬-\n∂v-

]p-d-Øp-sIm-≠p-h-∂-Xv- \n-߃-°v- H-∂pw- A-dn-™p-Iq-Sm-Ø- Ah-

kv-Y-bn-em-Wv.- A-h-\m-Wv- \n-߃-°v- Im-Xpw- I-Æp-w- a-\- p-sa√mw-

\¬-In-b-Xv.- \n-߃- \-µn-bp-≈-h-cm-sb-¶n¬-!''- (hn.-Jp.- 16:-78)-.-

""ssZ-hw- \n-ß-sf- a-Æn¬-\n-∂pw- Xp-S¿-∂v- _o-P-I-W-Øn¬-

\n∂pw- kr-jv-Sn-®p.- F-∂n-´v- \n-ß-sf- A-h≥- C-W-I-fm-°n.- A-h

s≥-d- A-dn-thm-sS-b-√m-sX- H-cp- kv-Xo-bpw- K¿-`w- [-cn-°p-∂n-√.-

]-k-hn-°p-∂p-an-√.- tc-J-bn-ep-≈-X-\p-k-cn-®-√m-sX- H-cmƒ-°pw- Zo¿

Lm-bp- v- \¬-I-s∏-Sp-I-tbm- A¬-]m-bp- m-°-s∏-Sp-I-tbm- C-√.-

Xo¿-®-bm-bpw- A-Xv- ssZ-h-Øn-\v- F-fp-∏-am-Ip-∂p.-

c-≠v- P-em-i-b-߃- Xp-ey-am-hp-I-bn-√.- H-∂v- ip-≤-hpw- kz-Nv-O

hpw- kp-J-Z-hpw.- a-s‰m-∂v- D-∏v- c-k-hpw- Zp- -zm-Zp-ap-≈-Xv.- F-∂m¬-

c-≠n¬-\n-∂pw- am¿-Z-h-ap-≈- ]p-Ø≥- amw-kw- \n-߃-°v- -£n°m≥-

In-´p-∂p.- \n-߃-°v- B-`-c-W-am-bn- A-Wn-bm-\p-≈-Xv- ]p-d-sØ-Sp-

Jp¿B≥ Hcp kXymt\zjnbpsS apºn¬ 32 Jp¿B≥ Hcp kXymt\zjnbpsS apºn¬ 33

-

°m-\pw- I-gn-bp-∂p.- I-∏¬- A-Xn-eq-sS- P-tem-]-cn-X-ew- Io-dn-ap-dn®v-

\o-ßp-∂-Xv- Im-Wmw.- \n-߃- A-h-s≥-d- A-\p-K-l-Øn¬-\n-∂pw-

tX-Sp-hm≥- th-≠n-bpw- \n-߃- \-µn-bp-≈-h-cm-bn-cn-°m≥- th≠n

bpw.-

A-h≥- cm-Xn-sb- ]-I-en¬- hn-e-bn-∏n-°p-∂p.- ]-I-en-s\- cm-Xnbn-

epw.- A-h≥- kq-cy-s\-bpw- N-µ-s\-bpw- Io-gv-s∏-Sp-Øn-bn-cn-°p-∂p.-

Hm-tcm-∂pw- \n-iv-Nn-X- ]-cn-[n-bn-te-°v- k-©-cn-°p-∂p.- A-h-\-sX-

\n-ß-fp-sS- \m-Y-\m-b- ssZ-hw.- A-h-∂m-Ip-∂p- B-[n-]-Xyw.- Ah\v-

]p-d-sa- \n-߃- ]m¿-∞n-°p-∂-h-cm-cpw- H-cp- Cu-Ø-∏-\-°p-cp-hn-

s≥-d- ]m-S-t]m-epw- A-[o-\-s∏-Sp-Øp-∂n-√''- (hn.-Jp.- 35:-11˛13)-

""`q-an-sb- \mw- hn-im-e-am-°p-I-bpw- A-Xn¬- D-d-®p-\n¬-°p-∂-

]¿-∆-X-߃- kv-Ym-]n-°p-I-bpw,- F-√mw- k-¥p-en-X-am-bn-s°m-≠v-

A-Xn¬- ap-f∏n-°p-I-bpw- sN-bv-Xn-cn-°p-∂p.-

\n-߃-°pw- \n-߃- B-lm-cw- \¬-In- h-f¿-Øp-∂-X-√m-Ø-

Po-hn-Iƒ-°pw- th-≠n- \mw- A-Xn¬- D-]-Po-h-\-am¿-K-߃- H-cp-°nbn-

cn-°p-∂p.-

G-sXm-cp- h-kv-Xp-hn-s≥-d-bpw- J-P-\m-hp-Iƒ- \-Ωp-sS- ]-°¬-

am-X-am-Ip-∂p.- \n-iv-Nn-X- A-f-h-\p-k-cn-®v- am-X-sa- \m-a-Xv- \¬IpI

-bp-≈q.-

\mw- ta-L-߃-°v- _o-P-Zm-\w- sN-øp-∂- Im-‰p-I-sf- \n-tbmKn-

®p.- Xp-S¿-∂v- D-]-cn-`m-K-Øv- \n-∂v- \mw- sh-≈w- sNm-cn-bp-I-bpw-

AXv- \n-߃-°v- Ip-Sn-°p-am-dm-°p-I-bpw- sN-bv-Xp.- \n-߃-°-Xv-

(h-‰n-t∏m-Im-Ø-h-Æw)- kq-£n-®p-sh-°m≥- I-gn-bp-am-bn-cp-∂n-√''-

(hn.-Jp.- 15:-19˛22)-.-

""A-h≥- t\m-°p-∂n-t√- H-´-Iw- F-ß-s\-bm-Wv- kr-jv-Sn-°-s∏-

´n-cn-°p-∂-sX-∂v?- B-Im-iw- F-ß-s\- D-b¿-Ø-s∏-´n-cn-°p-∂p-sh-

∂pw.- ]¿-h-X-߃- F-ß-s\- kv-Ym-]n-°-s∏- n-cn-°p-∂p-sh-∂pw,- qan-

F-ß-s\- \n-c-∏p-≈-Xm-°-s∏- n-cn-°p-∂p-sh-∂pw''- (hn.-Jp.- 88:-17˛20).-

""\n-ß-sf- Zp¿-_-em-h-kv-Y-bn¬- \n-∂v- k-r-jv-Sn-®-h-\m-Ip-∂p-

A√m-lp.- Xp-S¿-∂v- Zu¿-_ey-Øn-\v- ti-jw- A-h≥- I-cp-Øp-≠m-

°n-Ø-∂p.- I-cp-Øn-\p-ti-jw- ho-≠pw- _-e-lo-\-X-bpw- \-c-bpw-

h-cp-Øn.- A-h≥- D-t±-in-°p-∂-Xv- kr-jv-Sn-°p-∂p.- A-h≥- k¿h-Pv-

R-\p-a-sX''- (hn.-Jp.- 30:-54).-

""A-h¿- I-≠n-t√,- \-Ωp-sS- I-c-߃- cq-]w- \¬-In-b- Im-en-Isf-

\mw- A-h¿-°v- th-≠n-bm-Wv- kr-jv-Sn-®-sX-∂v.- A-ß-s\- A-h¿-

A-h-sb- A-[o-\-s∏-Sp-Øn-s°m-≠n-cn-°p-∂p.-

A-h-sb- \mw- A-h¿-°v- Io-sgm-Xp-°n-sIm-Sp-°p-I-bpw- sN-bv-Xp.-

A-h-bn¬- Nn-e-Xv- hm-l-\-am-Ip-∂p.- Nn-e-Xn-s\- A-h¿- p-Pn-°pIbpw-

sN-øp-∂p.-

A-h¿-°v- A-h-bn¬- ]-e- ]-tbm-P-\-ß-fp-ap-≠v.- Ip-Sn-°p-hm-\p≈-

]m-epw.- F-∂n-´pw- A-h-sc-¥m- \-µn-Im-Wn-°m-Ø-Xv''- (hn.-Jp.- 36:-

71˛73)-.-

""a-\p-jy≥- I-≠n-t√-;- A-h-s\- \mw- H-cp- _o-P-I-W-Øn¬-\n∂m-

Wv- kr-jv-Sn-®-sX-∂v.- F-∂n-´v- A-h-\-Xm- hy-Iv-X-am-b- F-Xn¿-∏p-Im

c-\m-bn- am-dn-bn-cn-°p-∂p.- \-ap-°-h≥- D-]-a-bp-≠m-°p-I-bpw,- kz¥w-

kr-jv-Sn-∏n-s\]-‰n- hn-kv-a-cn-°p-I-bpw- sN-bv-Xn-cn-°p-∂p.- A-h≥-

tNmZn-®p-;- "Z-hn-®p-t]m-b- Cu- A-kv-Yn-i-I-e-߃-°v- Po-h≥- \¬

Im≥- B¿-°m-Wv- I-gn-bp-I-sb-∂v.-

]-d-bq-:- B-Zy-X-h-W- A-h-sb- kr-jv-Sn-®-h≥- X-s∂- A-h-bv-°v-

Po-h≥- \¬-Ipw.- A-h≥ F-√m-X-cw- kr-jv-Sn-∏n-s\-]-‰n-bpw- \-∂mbn-

A-dn-bp-∂-h-\-sX.-

\n-ß-ƒ°p-th-≠n- ]-®-a-c-Øn¬-\n-∂v- Xo- D-≠m-°n- X-∂-h-\sX-

A-h≥.- F-∂n-´v- A-Xn¬-\n-∂v- \n-ß-f-Xm- I-Øn-°p-∂p.-

D]-cn-tem-I-ß-sf-bpw- q-an-sb-bpw- kr-jv-Sn-®-h≥- A-h-sc- t]mep-

≈-h-sc- kr-j-v-Sn-°m≥- I-gn-hp-≈-h-\-s√-t∂m?- kw-i-b-ta-Xp-an-√.-

A-h≥- X-s∂-bm-Ip-∂p- k¿-h-Pv-R-\m-b- kr-jv-Sn-I¿-Øm-hv.-

A-h-s≥-d- Im-cyw,- A-h≥- H-cp- Im-cyw- D-t±-in-®m¬- "D-≠m-Iq'-

F-∂- B-Pv-R- am-X-am-Ip-∂p.- A-t∏m-g-Xm- A-Xv- D-≠m-Ip-∂p.-

F-√m- Im-cy-ß-fp-sS-bpw- A-[o-im-[n-Im-cw- ssI-h-i-ap-≈-h≥-

F-X- a-l-Xz-ap-≈-h≥-!- A-h-\n-te-°v- X-s∂-bm-bn-cn-°pw- \n-߃-

Xn-cn-®p-hn-fn-°-s∏-Sp-∂-Xv''- (hn.-Jp.- 36:-77˛83).-

""\m-am-Wv- \n-ß-sf- kr-jv-Sn-®-Xv.- \n-߃-s°-¥m- hn-izm-k-am-

Ip-∂n-t√?-

Jp¿B≥ Hcp kXymt\zjnbpsS apºn¬ 34 Jp¿B≥ Hcp kXymt\zjnbpsS apºn¬ 35

-

\n-߃- _o-Pw- k-hn-°p-∂-Xn-s\-∏-‰n- \n-߃- Nn-¥n-®p-thm?-

\n-ß-fm-tWm- A-Xv- kr-jv-Sn-°p-∂-Xv?- A-tXm- \m-am-tWm- krjv-

Sn-I¿-Øm-hv?-

\mw- \n-߃-°n-S-bn¬- a-c-Ww- hn-[n-®n-cn-°p-∂p.- \-sΩ- B¿°pw-

tXm¬-]n-°m-\m-hn-√.-

\n-ß-sf-t]m-ep-≈-h-sc- am-‰p-hm-\pw- \n-߃-°v- A-dn-™p-IqSm-

Ø- hn-[-Øn¬- \n-ß-sf- ]p-\x-kr-jvSn-°m-\pw- th-≠n.-

B-Zy-sØ- kr-jv-Sn-cq]-sØ-∏-‰n- \n-߃- a-\- n-em-°n-b-t√m.-

F-∂n-´pw- \n-ß-sf-¥m- t_m-[-hm-∑m-cm-Im-Ø-Xv?-

\n-߃- Ir-jn-bn-d-°p-∂-Xn-s\-∏-‰n- \n-߃- Nn-¥n-®-p-thm?-

\n-ß-fm-tWm- A-Xv- ap-f-∏n-®v- h-f¿-Øp-∂-Xv?- A-X-√- \-Ω-tfm?-

\mw- hn-Nm-cn-®n-cp-s∂-¶n¬- A-Xm-sI- [q-fn-I-fm-°n- am-‰p-am-bncp-

∂p.- A-t∏mƒ- \n-߃- A-Xv-`p-X-kv-X-_v-[-cm-bn-t∏m-Ipw.-

R-ß-fn-Xm- I-S-_m-[y-X-bn¬- A-I-s∏- n-cn-°p-∂p- (F-∂v- \n߃-

ap-d-hn-fn- Iq-´-≠n-h-cpw).-

A-√.- R-߃- F-√mw- \-jv-S-s∏- -h-cm-bn-cn-°p-∂p- F-∂v.- \n߃-

Ip-Sn-°p-∂- sh-≈-sØ-∏-‰n- Nn-¥n-®n-´p-t≠m?- \n-ß-fm-tWm- ta-L-

Øn¬-\n-∂v- A-Xv- Xm-sg-s°m-≠p-h-cp-∂-Xv?- A-X√- \m-tam?

\mw- hn-Nm-cn-®n-cp-s∂-¶n¬- \-ap-°-Xv- D-∏p-c-k-ap-≈-Xm-°m≥ Ign-

bp-am-bn-cp-∂p.- F-∂n-´pw- \n-ß-sf-¥m- \-µn- I-m-Wn-°m-Ø-Xv?-

\n-߃- Xo- I-Øn-s®-Sp-°p-∂-Xn-s\-∏-‰n- Nn-¥n-®n-´p-t≠m?-

""A-Xv- I-Øm-\p-≈- a-cw- \n-ß-fm-tWm- D-≠m-°n-b-Xv?- A-X-√-

\m-tam?''- (hn.-Jp.- 56:-57˛72)-.-

""a-\p-jy≥- hn-Nm-cn-°p-∂p-t≠m- A-h-s≥-d- A-kv-Yn-i-I-e-ß-sf-

]p-\x-kw-tbm-Pn-∏n-°m≥- \-ap-°v- I-gn-bn-s√-∂v?-

kw-i-bw- th-≠,- A-h-s≥-d- hn-c¬-Xp-ºp-t]m-epw- i-cn-bm-bn-

kwhn-[m-\n-°m≥- \-ap-°v- I-gn-hp-≠v''- (hn.-Jp.- 75:-3,-4)-.-

\n-Xy-\q-X-\w-

a-\pjy-s≥-d- Nn-¥-sb-bpw- t_m-[-sØ-bpw- X- n-bp-W¿-Ø-Ø°-

h-Æw- hn-ip-≤- Jp¿-B-\n-ep-S-\o-fw- ]-c-∂p-In-S-°p-∂- ssZ-hn-I- Zrjv-

Sm-¥-ß-fp-sS- G-Xm-\pw- D-Zm-l-c-W-ß-fm-Wv- ap-I-fn¬- sIm-Sp-ØXv.-

1400 sIm-√w-ap-ºp-≈- A-d-_n-I-sf- kw-_-\v-[n-®n-S-tØm-fw- C-Xv-

F-X-am-Xw- ]-k-Iv-X-am-tWm- A-X-tØm-fw- ]-k-Iv-Xn- B-[p-\n

Ik-aq-l-ß-fp-sS- Im-cy-Øn-e-pw- A-Xn-\p-≠v.- Ime-hpw- tIm-e-hpsa-

√mw- am-dn-bm-epw- Cu- Zr-jv-Sm-¥-ß-fn-sem-∂n-\p-t]m-epw- Im-e-l-c

Ww- kw- -hn-®n- n-√.- kz-bw- kw-km-cn-°p-∂- Cu- kq-Iv-X-ß-sf- Pohn-

X-Øn-s≥-d- G-Xv- Xp-d-bn-ep-≈- ]-Iz-a-Xn-Iƒ-°pw- X-≈n-∏-d-bm-\m-

hn-√.- ]-g-b- A-td-_y≥- k-aq-l-Øn-se- ]m-Ir-X-cpw,- \m-K-cn-I-cpw,-

km-ln-Xy-Im-c-∑m-cpw- \n-c-£-c-cpw- A-Sn-a-I-fpw,- D-S-a-I-fpw- H-cp-

t]mse- Cu- kq-Iv-X-ß-fp-sS- A-am-\p-jn-I- ]-`m-hw- Aw-Ko-I-cn-

®ncp-∂p.-

C-∂pw- Cu- \n-e-bn¬- am-‰-sam-∂pw- h-∂n-´n-√.- Nn-e¿- sX-‰n-≤cn-

®-t]m-se- H-cp-]n-Sn- ]-g-©-∑m-sc- am-X-a-√- hn-ip-≤- Jp¿-B≥- BI¿-

jn-°p-∂-Xv.- tem-I-]-i-k-v-X-cm-b- K-th-j-I-cpw- Nn-¥-I-∑m-cpw- C∂v-

hn-ip-≤- Jp¿-B-\n-s\- `m-jm-]-c-am-bpw- B-i-b-]-c-am-b-pw- A-]-K-

Yn-®p-sIm-≠n-cn-°p-I-bm-Wv.- Iw-]yq- ¿- D-]tbm-Kn-®p-≈- A-Xn-kq£v-

a-am-b- ]-T-\-Øn-\pt]m-epw- hn-ip-≤-Jp¿-B≥- hn-t[-b-am-bn-´p-≠v.-

F-√m- hn-th-I-im-en-I-fm-b- A-t\z-j-I-sc-bpw- A-º-c-∏n-®p-sIm-≠v-

A-Xn-s≥-d- km¿-hm-Xn-im-bn-X- C-∂pw- \n-e-\n¬-°p-∂p.- ]-_p-≤sc-

∂v- ]-tLm-jn-°-s∏-Sm-d-p-≈- tI-c-f-Øn¬-t]m-epw- P-\-e-£-߃-

hn-ip-≤- Jp¿-B-\n-s\- Ku-c-h-_p-≤ym- ]-T-\-hn-t[-b-am-°n-s°m-

≠n-cn-°p-∂p.- tUm-Iv-S¿-am-cpw- F-©n-\o-b¿am-cpw- s]m-^-k¿-am-

cp-a-S-ßp-∂- _p-≤n-Po-hn-Iƒ- C-hn-sS-bpw- Jp¿-B≥- hym-Jym-\n-°p-

I-bpw- A-]-K-Yn-°p-I-bpw- sN-bv-Xp-sIm-≠n-cn-°p-∂p.- u-Xn-I-hmZ-

Øn-s≥-d- A-Xn-]-k-c-Øn¬-s]-´v- a-X-ß-tfm-Sv- ap≥-hn-[n- sh-®p-]-p-

e¿-Øp-∂-h-cpw- km-ap-Zm-bn-I-Xz-Øn-s≥-d- kzm-[o-\-Øn¬-s]- v- Ckv-

emw- hn-tcm-[w- ]p-e¿-Øp-∂-h-cp-a-√m-Ø- \n-jv-]-£-a-Xn-Iƒ- F√m-

Im-e-Øpw- hn-ip-≤- Jp¿-B-\n-s≥-d- kw-th-Z-\-£-a-X- Aw-Ko-I-cn-

®n-´p-≠v.- H-cp-Im-e-Øv- hn-ip-≤- Jp¿-B-\n-s≥-d- _-≤-ssh-cn-I-fm-

bn-cp-∂- tI-c-f-Øn-se- Nn-e- _p-≤n-Po-hn-Iƒ- ]n¬-°m-e-Øv- Jp¿B-

\p-am-bn- hn-´p-]n-cn-bm-\m-Im-Ø- B-Xv-a-_-\v-[-ap-≈-h-cm-bn- amdn-b-

Im-cyw- Cu- k-µ¿-`-Øn¬- kv-a-c-Wo-b-am-Wv.-

1400 h¿-j-߃-°-Iw- im-kv-X- km-ln-Xy- I-em-cw-K-ß-fn¬-

Jp¿B≥ Hcp kXymt\zjnbpsS apºn¬ 36 Jp¿B≥ Hcp kXymt\zjnbpsS apºn¬ 37

-

hen-b- am-‰-ß-fp-≠m-bn- p-≠v.- q-an-bm-Wv- ]-]-©-Øn-s≥-d- tI-µsa-

∂v- hn-iz-kn-°-s∏- - Im-e-ap-≠m-bn-cp-∂p.- kq-cy-\m-Wv- ]-]-©-Øn

s≥-d- tI-µ-sa-∂pw- K-l-߃- kq-cy-s≥-d- B-I¿-j-W-h-e-b-Øn¬-

-a-Ww- sN-bv-Xp-sIm-≠n-cn-°-bm-sW-∂pw- ]n-∂o-Sv- sX-fn-bn-°-s∏´p.-

a-g-sb-bpw- Im-em-h-kv-Y-sb-bpw- ]-‰n- a-\p-jy-cp-sS- [m-c-W-bn¬- \nc-

¥-cw- am-‰-߃- h-∂n-´p-≠v.- Po-h-Pm-e-ß-sf-bpw- k-ky-ß-sf-bpw-

]-‰n- ssh-hn-[y-am¿-∂- ho-£-W-ß-fp-≠m-bn- p-≠v.- a-\p-jy-s≥-d-bpw-

]-]-©-Øn-s≥-d-bpw- D¬-]-Øn-sb-∏-‰n- h-∂pw-t]m-b-pw- sIm-≠n-cn-

°p-∂- kn-≤m-¥-߃-°v- I-W-°n-√.- a-\p-jy-s≥-d- K¿-`-[m-c-Ww-

ap-X¬- ]-k-hw- h-sc-bp-≈- L-´-ß-sf-∏-‰n-bpw- im-kv-Xw- A-`n]m-

b-߃- am-dn-am-dn- ]-d-™n-´p-≠v.- hn-ip-≤- Jp¿-B≥- u-Xn-I-im-kv-

Xw- ]-Tn-∏n-°m≥-th-≠n- h-∂- K-\v-Y-a-s√-∂pw- a-\p-jy-cp-sS- [m¿an-

Iam¿-K-Z¿-i-\-am-Wv- A-Xn-s≥-d- e-£y-sa-∂pw- Jp¿-B≥- hm-Iyß-

fn¬- \n-∂p-X-s∂- hy-Iv-X-am-Ip-∂p≠v.- F-¶n-epw- ]m-]-©n-I- ]Xn-

`m-k-ß-fn-eq-sS- ssZ-hm-kv-Xn-Xzw- I-s≠-Øm≥- a-\p-jy-s\- k-lmbn-

°p-∂- cw-K-Øv- hn-ip-≤- Jp¿-B≥- Nq-≠n-°m-Wn-°p-∂- Im-cy-߃-

sX-‰m-sW-∂v- H-cp- im-kv-X\n-a-b-hpw- H-cn-°-epw- sX-fn-bn-®n-´-n-√-

F-∂- h-kv-Xp-X- A-Xn-s≥-d- ssZ-hn--I-X-bv-°p-≈- sX-fn-hp-I-fn-sem-

∂m-bn- \n-e-\n¬-°p-∂p.- A-Xp-sIm-≠p-X-s∂- F-°m-e-sØ-bpw-

im-kv-X-Pv-R-∑m¿-°v- Jp¿-B≥- kzo-I-cn-°p-∂-Xn-\v- _p-≤n-]-c-amb-

X-S- -ap-≠m-bn-cp-∂n-√.-

C-Xn-\v- ]p-d-sa- \-Ωp-sS- k-hn-ti-j- i-≤-b¿-ln-°p-∂- H-cp- hnj-

b-ap-≠v.- hn-ip-≤- Jp¿-B-\n-s\- ]-‰n- bm-sXm-cp- [m-c-W-bpw- D-≠mbn-

´n-√m-Ø- ssI-kv-X-h- b-lq-Z- \m-kv-Xn-I- im-kv-X-Pv-R-∑m¿- \-SØn-

b- K-th-j-W-߃- Jp¿-B-\n¬- 1400 h¿-jw-ap-ºv- im-kv-Xw- `qWm-

h-kv-bn-em-bn-cp-∂- Im-e-Øv- ]-d-™- Im-cy-ß-sf- i-cn-sh-®p-sIm≠n-

cn-°p-∂p F-∂Xm-W-Xv.- C-Xn-\v- D-Zm-l-c-W-߃- \n-c-h-[n-bp-≠v.-

B-Im-i-`q-an-I-fp-sS- D¬-]-Øn-

B-Im-i-tKm-f-ß-fpw- q-an-bpw- H-∂n-®v- H-scm-‰- B-Zn-]-Zm¿-Y-Øn-

s≥-d- m-K-am-bn-cp-∂p-sh-∂-Xv- C-∂v- im-kv-X-cw-K-Øv- G-Xm-≠v- X¿

°-a-‰- hn-j-b-am-Wv.- ]-]-©-Øn-s≥-d- D¬-]-Øn-sb-∏-‰n- hy-Xy-kvX-

ho-£-W-ß-fp-s≠-¶n-epw- Xm-c-K-W-ß-fpw- K-tlm-]-K-l-ß-fpw-

Htc- D-d-hn-S-Øn¬-\n-∂v- hn-L-Sn-®v- cq-]w- sIm-≠-Xm-sW-∂-Xn¬-

C-∂v- X¿-°w- A-h-ti-jn-°p-∂n-√.-

]-]-©-Øn-s≥-d- D-Xv-`-hw- kw-_-\v-[n-®v- C-∂v- \n-e-hn-ep-≈-

kn≤m-¥-ß-fn¬- ]-ap-J- tKm-f-im-kv-X-Pv-R-cp-sS- Aw-Ko-Im-cw-

t\Sn-bn- p-≈-Xv- D-Kam-b- H-cp- B-Zn-kv-t^m-S-\-Øn¬-\n-∂m-Wv- apgp-

h≥- ]-]-©-Øn-s≥-d-bpw- Xp-S-°-sa-∂v- k-a¿-Y-n-°p-∂- _n-Kv-_mw-

Kv- kn-≤m-¥-a-sX.-

\m-ev- ]-ap-J- im-kv-X-Pv-R-∑m¿- tN¿-∂v- 1976 am¿-®n-se- Scien-tific American¬- F-gp-Xn-b- H-cp- te-J-\-Øn¬- C-]-Im-cw- Im-Wmw:-

``Thus it appears that the Universe began from a state of infinitedensity about one hubble time ago. Space and time were created inthat event and so was all the matter in the universe''.

""A\-¥-am-b- A-f-hn¬- km-¥-am-bn-cp-∂- H-cp- A-h-kv-Y-bn¬-

\n-∂m-Wv- ]-]-©w- D-Xv- -hn-®-sX-∂m-Wv- hy-Iv-X-am-Ip-∂-Xv.- G-ItZ-

iw- H-cp- "l-_vƒ- k-a-bw'-* ap-ºm-Wv- C-Xv- \-S-∂-Xv.- kv-s]-bv-kpw-

k-a-b-hpw- B- kw- -h-tØm-sS-bm-Wv- kr-jv-Sn-°-s∏- -Xv.- A-]-Imcw-

X-s∂- ]-]-©-Øn-se- ap-gp-h≥- ]-Zm¿-Y-hpw''-.-

(`Will the Universe Expand forever' Scientific American,March'76)

hn-ip-≤- Jp¿-B-\n-se- 21:-30 kq-Iv-Xw- C-u- B-i-b-a-sX- Du-∂n

∏-d-bp-∂-Xv.- J-tKm-f-im-kv-Xw- H-´pw- hn-I-kn-®n-´n-√m-Ø-Im-e-Øv-

tem-I-sØm-cm-fpw- C-Ø-c-sam-cp- ]-kv-Xm-h-\- \-S-Øm≥- H-cp- km[y-

X-bp-an-√.- k¿-h-Pv-R-\m-b- ssZ-h-Øn-s≥-d- t_m-[-\w- ap-tJ-\-b√m-

sX.-

D-Kkv-t^m-S-\-a-S-°-ap-≈- ]-Xn-`m-k-߃-°v- ]n-∂n-se- bYm

¿Y- Im-c-W-sØ-∏-‰n- ]-d-bp-tºmƒ- `u-Xn-I-hm-Zn-Iƒ- k¿-h-Pv-\pw-

k¿-h-i-Iv-X-\p-am-b- kw-hn-[m-b-I-s\- X-≈n-∏-d-™p-sIm-≠v- C-cp-

´n¬- X-∏p-I-bm-Wv.- F-∂m¬- Jp¿-B≥- ]-m-]-©n-I]-Xn-`m-k-ß-

fp-sS- ]n-∂n-se- b-Ym¿-Y-i-Iv-Xn- F-s¥-∂v- kv-]-jv-S-am-°p-∂p.-

* (1920¬- ]-]-©-Øn-s≥-d- D-Xv-`-h-sØ-bpw- hn-Im-k-sØ-bpw- kw-_-\v-[n-®v- ]-k-IvX-am-b- \n-co-£-W-߃- \-S-Øn-b- F-Un≥- ]n.- l-_vƒ- F-∂- im-kv-X-Pv-R-s≥-d-t]-cn¬- A-dn-b-s∏-Sp-∂-Xpw- A-\-¥-km-µ-am-b- A-h-kv-Y-°p-ti-jw- ]-]-©w- ]n∂n -Im-e-b-f-hn-s\- Ip-dn-°p-∂-Xp-am-b- H-cp- k-a-b- ]-cn-Wm-a-a-sX- l-_vƒ- ssSw)-

Jp¿B≥ Hcp kXymt\zjnbpsS apºn¬ 38 Jp¿B≥ Hcp kXymt\zjnbpsS apºn¬ 39

-

""k-Xy-\n-tj-[n-Iƒ- I-≠n-t√- D-]-cn-tem-I-ß-fpw- `q-an-bpw- H-´n

t®¿-∂-Xm-bn-cp-∂p-sh-∂v.- F-∂n-´v- \mw- A-h-sb- th¿-s∏-Sp-Øn''-

(hn.-Jp.- 21:-30)-.-

s\-_p-e-Iƒ- Jp¿-B-\n¬-

h-m-X-I-ß-fpw- kq-£v-a-]-Zm¿-∞-ß-fp-a-S-ßp-∂- H-cp- ]p-I-]-S-e-

(Nebula)Øn¬-\n-∂m-Wv- \-£-X-߃- ]n-d-hn-sb-Sp-Ø-sX-∂m-Wv-

B-[p-\n-I- im-kv-Xw- I-cp-Xp-∂-Xv.- Secrets of Space F-∂- K-\v-Y-

Øn¬- Anthony feldman ]-d-bp-∂-Xv- Im-Wp-I-:-

``The process by which the stars from is probably a kind of con-densation. The principal force behind the phenomenon is gravity,operating between the countless molecules of gas and dust motes inthe nebula. As an accumulation of matter builds up in particular re-gion of the nebula the begining of a localised gravitational field emergeand the process a accelerates more material being drawn into theregion by the gravitational pull of the increasing build up of dust andgas''.

an-°-hm-dpw- H-cp-X-cw- km-µo-I-c-W- ]-In-b-bn-eq-sS-bm-Wv- \£-

X-ß-ƒ- cq-]w-sIm-≈p-∂-Xv.- Cu- ]-Xn-`m-k-Øn-s≥-d- ]n-∂n-ep-≈-

ap-Jy-i-Iv-Xn- s\-_p-e-I-fn-se- F-Æ-a-‰- hm-X-I- X-∑m-X-Iƒ-°n-S-

bn-epw- [q-fo-I-c-W-߃-°n-S-bn-epw- ]-h¿-Øn-°p-∂- Kp-cp-Xzm-I¿-

j-W-am-Ip-∂p.- s\-_p-e-bn¬- H-cp- ]-tXy-I- ]-tZ-i-Øv- ]-Zm¿-Y-

tI-µo-I-c-Ww- \-S-°p-tºmƒ- ]m-tZ-in-I-am-b- H-cp- Kp-cp-Xzm-I¿-j

W- ta-J-e- D-cp-Øn-cn-bm≥- Xp-S-ßp-∂p.- Cu- ]-In-b- Xz-cn-X-s∏-Sp-

∂-tXm-sS- B- ]-tZ-itØ-°v- Iq-Sp-X¬- ]-Zm¿Y-w- k-am-l-cn-°-

s∏-Sp-∂p.- Kp-cp-Xzm-I¿-j-W-_-e-Øm¬- [q-fn-I-fp-sS-bpw- hm-X-Iß-

fp-sS-bpw- ti-J-cw- Iq-Sn-Iq-Sn- h-cp-∂p''-.- (Secrets of Space P.p. 52Aldus Books. London)

hn-ip-≤- Jp¿-B≥- 1400 h¿-j-߃-°v- ap-ºp-X-s∂- B-Im-i

tKm-f-߃- ]p-I-]-S-e-Øn¬-\n-∂v- cq-]w- sIm-≠-Xm-sW-∂- h-kvXp-

X- hy-Iv-X-am-°p-I-bp-≠m-bn.-

""A-Xn-\v- ]p-d-sa- A-h≥- D-]-cn-tem-I-Øn-s≥-d- kw-hn-[m-\w- \S-

Øn.- A-Xv- ]p-I-bm-bn-cp-∂p.- A-Xn-t\m-Spw- q-an-tbm-Spw- A-h≥-- BPv-

Rm-]n-®p-:- \n-߃- c-≠pw- hn-t[-b-Xz-tØm-sS-tbm- A-\n-Nv-Om-]q¿h-

-I-am-tbm- h-cq.- A-h- c-≠pw- ]-d-™p-:- R-ß-fn-Xm- hn-t[-b-Xz-tØm

sS- h-∂n-cn-°p-∂p''- (hn.-Jp.- 41:-11).-

Cu- ]-Jym-]-\-Øn-\v- ap-ºn¬- im-kv-Xw- ]-I-®p-\n¬-°p-∂p-

F-∂-X-t√- hm-kv-X-hw?-

im-kv-Xm- ym-kw- t]m-I-s´,- A-£-cm- ym-kw- t]m-epw- t\-Sn-bn´n-

√m-Ø- ap-l-Ω-Zv- \-_n- ()-bp-sS- \m-hn-eq-sS-bm-Wv- \mw- Cu- hm°p-

Iƒ- tIƒ-°p-∂-Xv-!- C-sX-ß-s\- kw-`-hn-®p?- D-Ø-cw- e-fn-X-am-Wv.-

ap-l-Ω-Zv- \-_n- ()- X-\n-°v- e- n-®- Zn-hy-t_m-[-\w- D-cp-hn-Sp-I-bmbn-

cp-∂p.-

`q-an-bp-sS- B-Ir-Xn-

`q-an-bp-sS- B-Ir-Xn-sb-∏-‰n- hn-ip-≤- Jp¿-B≥- F-¥v- ]-d-bp-∂p

sh-∂- tNm-Zyw- ]-e-cpw- D-∂-bn-°m-dp-≠v.- Jp¿-B-\n-se- `q-an- ]-c

∂-Xm-sW-∂pw- ap-l-Ω-Zv- \-_n-bp-sS- Im-e-Øv- B-fp-Iƒ- [-cn-®n-cp

∂- A-_-≤w- Jp¿-B-\n-epw- I-S-∂p-Iq-Sn-bn-´p-s≠-∂pw- Jp¿-B≥-

ssZ-hn-I-a-s√-∂-Xn-\v- A-Xp-X-s∂- a-Xn-bm-b- sX-fn-hm-sW-∂pw-

Nne¿- tL-m-jn-°m-dp-≠v.-

""`q-an-sb- \n-߃-°p-th-≠n- sa-Ø-bm-°n-b-h≥''- (hn.-Jp.- 2:-22)-

""`q-an-sb- \mw- \o-´n-bn-cn-°p-∂p''- (hn.-Jp.- 15:-19).-

""A-√m-lp- \n-߃-°v- th-≠n- `q-an-sb- H-cp- hn-cn-∏m-°n-bn-cn-

°p∂p''- (hn.-Jp.- 71:-19)-.-

F-∂o- h-N-\-߃-°v- Np-‰p-am-Wv- hn-a¿-i-\-߃- tI-µo-I-cn-®n´p-

≈-X.v-

F-∂m¬- hn-ip-≤- Jp¿-B-\n¬- `q-an-sb-∏-‰n- A-t\-Iw- k-µ¿-`

ß-fn¬- ssh-hn-[y-am-¿-∂- hn-i-Zo-I-c-W-߃- \¬-In-bn- p-≈-Xn-s≥d-

sN-dn-sbm-cp- m-K-w- am-X-am-Wv- Cu- h-N-\-ß-sf-∂- Im-cyw- hn-a¿i-

I-∑m¿- ku-I-cy-]q¿-h-w- a-d-®p-sh-°p-∂p.- Nn-e- h-N-\-߃- t\-m°q:-

""A-h-\m-Ip-∂p- -q-an-sb- \n-߃-°v- Io-sgm-Xp-ßp-∂Xm-°n-bXv.-

A-Xn-\m¬- A-Xn-s≥-d- Np-a-ep-I-fn-eq-sS- \n-߃- \-S-∂p-sIm-≈pI''-

(hn.-Jp.- 67:-15).-

""`q-an-sb- \mw- sXm-´n-em-°n-Ø-∂n-t√?''- (hn.-Jp.- 78:-6).-

Jp¿B≥ Hcp kXymt\zjnbpsS apºn¬ 40 Jp¿B≥ Hcp kXymt\zjnbpsS apºn¬ 41

-

""A-√-m-lp-hm-Ip-∂p- \n-߃-°v- q-an-sb- H-cp- B-hm-k-tI-µ-hpw-

D-]-cn-`m-K-sØ- H-cp- ta¬-]p-c-bp-am-°n-Ø-∂-h≥'' (hn.-Jp.- 40:-64).-

Cu- h-N-\-ß-sf-√mw- ]-c-∂- q-an-sb-bm-tWm- kq-Nn-∏n-°p-∂Xv?-

sXm-´n¬- ]-c-∂-Xm-tWm?- Io-sgm-Xp-°-s∏-´-Xn-s≥-d- Np-a¬- F-∂-

]-Z-]-tbm-Kw- \n-iv-tN-jv-S-am-bn- N-Øp-In-S-°p-∂- ]-c-∂- `q-an-sb-

kq-Nn-∏n-°p-∂-Xm-tWm?- B-sW-∂v- km-am-\y-_p-≤n-bp-≈-h-cm-cpw-

]-d-bp-I-bn-√.-

hn-ip-≤- Jp¿-B-\n¬- `q-an-sb-bpw- B-Im-i-tKm-f-ß-sf-bpw-

kw_\v-[n-®v- ]-cm-a¿-in-®n-´p-≈-Xv- A-√m-lp-hn-s≥-d- A-]m-c-am-b-

A-\p-K-l-Øn-s≥-d-bpw- A-Xp-ey-am-b- I-g-n-hn-s≥-d-bpw- sX-fn-hp-Iƒ-

Nq-≠n-°m-Wn-°p-∂-Xn-s≥-d- m-K-am-bn- m-Wv.- F-°m-e-sØ-bpw- a\p-

jy¿-°v- A-\p- -h-th-Zy-am-Ip-∂-hn-[-Øn¬- C-Xv- hn-h-cn-°p-∂-Xn-\m-

W-t√m- ]-k-Iv-Xn-bp-≈-Xv.- q-an- H-cp- tKm-f-am-sW-¶n-epw- A-Xn-s≥d-

B-t]-£n-I-a-m-bn- ]-c-∂- ]-X-e-Øn-s≥-d- ku-I-cy-ß-fpw- ku- mKy-

ß-fp-am-W-t√m- a-\pjy-¿- Iq-Sp-X-em-bn- A-\p-`-hn-°p-∂-Xv.- Ir-jn-

sN-øp-∂-Xpw- sI- n-S-߃- D-≠m-°p-∂-Xpw- C-cn-°p-∂-Xpw- \-S-°p∂-

Xpw- I-fn-°p-∂-Xp-sa-√mw- `q-an-bp-sS- ]-X-e-Øn-s≥-d- ]-c-∏n-em-W

t√m.- a-s‰m-cp-hn-[-Øn¬- ]-d-™m¬- A-√m-lp- a-\p-jy-\v- \¬-Inb-

A-\p-K-l-ß-fn-e-[n-I-hpw- B-t]-£n-I-am-bn- ]-c-∏p-≈- q-an-bn¬sh

®m-Wv- A-h≥- A-\p- -hn-°p-∂-Xv.- A-Xn-\m¬- C-°m-cyw- a-\p-jys\-

Hm¿-an-∏n-°p-∂-Xn-\v- th-≠-X- ]-k-Iv-Xn-bp-≠v.-

`q-an-bp-sS- tKm-fm-Ir-Xn-bp-am-bn- _-\v-[-s∏- v- F-√m-h¿-°pw- A\p-

`-h-th-Zy-am-Ip-∂- Im-cyw- cm-hpw- ]-I-epw- am-dn-am-dn- h-cp-∂-Xm-Wv.-

C-Xp-kw-_-\v-[n-®- hn-ip-≤- Jp¿-B-\n-se- ]-cm-a¿-iw- tKm-fm-IrXn-

sb- kq-Nn-∏n-°p-∂- hn-[-Øn¬-X-s∂-bm-Ip-∂p.-

""B-Im-i-ß-sf-bpw- q-an-sb-bpw- A-h≥- bm-Ym¿-Y-y-]q¿-h-w- krjv-

Sn-®n-cn-°p-∂p.- cm-Xn-sb- A-h≥- ]-I-en-t∑¬- Np-‰n-°p-∂p.- ]-I-en

s\- cm-Xn-bn-t∑-epw- Np-‰n-°p-∂p.- kq-cy-s\-bpw- N-µ-s\-bpw- Ah≥-

\n-b-¥-W-hn-t[-b-am-°p-I-bpw- sN-bv-Xn-cn-°p-∂p.- F-√mw- \n-iv-NnX-

am-b- ]-cn-[n-h-sc- k-©-cn-°p-∂p.- A-dn-bp-I.- A-h-\-sX- ]-Xm-]n

bpw- G-sd- s]m-dp-°p-∂-h-\pw'' (hn.-Jp.- 39:-5).-

]-Im-i-hpw- C-cp- pw- H-cp- tKm-f-Ønt∑¬- I-d-ßn-s°m-≠n-cn°p-

∂- Zr-iy-am-Wv- Cu- h-N-\-Øn¬- kq-Nn-∏n-°-s∏-´n-cn-°p-∂-Xv.- `q-an-

]-c-∂-Xm-sW-∂- k-¶¬-]-a-\p-k-cn-®v- cm-hpw- ]-I-epw- Np-‰n-°-d-ßn-

h-cp-I- F-∂-Xv- A-Nn-¥y-am-W-t√m.- D-Z-bm-kv-X-a-b-ß-sf- kw-_-\v

[n-®- hn-ip-≤- Jp¿-B-\n-se- ]-cm-a¿-i-ß-fpw- tKm-fm-Ir-Xn-sb- kq-

Nn-∏n-°p-∂-Xp-X-s∂-bm-Ip-∂p.-

""D-Z-bkv-Ym-\Øn-s≥-d-bpw- A-kv-X-a-\-kv-Ym-\-Øn-s≥-d-bpw- \m

Y≥.- A-h-\-√m-sX- bm-sXm-cp- ssZ-h-hp-an-√.- A-Xn-\m¬- `m-c-ta¬-

∏n-°-s∏-tS-≠-h-\m-bn- A-h-s\- \o- kzo-I-cn-°p-I''- (hn.-Jp.- 73:-9).-

""c-≠v- D-Z-bkvYm-\-ß-fp-sS-bpw- c-≠v- A-kv-X-a-bkv-Ym-\-ß-fpsS-

bpw- \m-Y≥''- (hn.-Jp.- 55:-17).-

""F-∂m¬- (A-t\-Iw-)- D-Z-bkv-Ym-\-ß-fp-sS-bpw- A-kv-X-a-bkvYm-

\-ß-fp-sS-bpw- c-£n-Xm-hn-s≥-d- t]-cn¬- Rm≥- k-Xyw- sN-bv-Xv-

]d-bp-∂p.- A-h-sc-°mƒ- \-√-h-sc- ]-I-cw- sIm-≠p-h-cm≥- Xo¿-®

bm-bpw- \mw- I-gn-hp-≈-h-\m-sW-∂v''- (hn.Jp.- 70:-40).-

H-cp- kv-Yn-c-am-b- kv-Ym-\-Øp-\n-∂v- D-Z-b-hpw- A-kv-X-a-\-hpw- \nco-

£n-°p-∂- hy-Iv-Xn-°v- X-s≥-d- kv-Ym-\-Øp-\n-∂v- \n-iv-Nn-XZq-c-ap-

≈- N-I-hm-f-ß-fm-Wv- D-Z-bm-kv-X-a-b-kv-Ym-\-ß-fm-bn- A-\p- -h-s∏-

Sp-∂-Xv.- F-∂m¬- c-≠v- A¿-≤tKm-f-ß-fn-se- c-≠v- \n-iv-Nn-Xkv-Ym-

\-ß-fn¬-\n-∂v- \n-co-£n-°p-∂- hy-Iv-Xn-Iƒ-°v- c-≠p-ho-Xw- D-Z-bm-

kv-X-a-\-kv-Ym-\-߃- D-≈-Xm-bn- A-\p-`-h-s∏-Sp-∂p.- `q-an-bp-sS-

hnhn[- `m-K-ß-fn-se- hy-Xy-kv-X- kv-Ym-\-ß-fn¬-\n-∂v- A-t\-Iw-

hy-IvXn-Iƒ- \-n-co-£n-°p-∂-]-£w- A-h¿-°v- At\-Iw- D-Z-bm-kv-

X-a-\-kv-Ym-\-߃- D-≈-Xm-bn- A-\p- -h-s∏-Spw.- q-an- ]-c-∂-Xm-sW∂-

k-¶¬-]-]-Im-cw- D-Z-bm-kv-X-a-\kv-Ym-\-ß-fp-sS- Cu- hn-[-Øn-ep≈-

ssh-hn-[y-Øn-\-v- ]-k-Iv-Xn-bn-√-t√m.-

C-\n-bpw- ]-e-cp-sS-bpw- kw-i-b-߃- A-h-ti-jn-t®-°pw.- c-≠mw-

X-c-Øn-se- ]m-T-]p-kv-X-I-Øn¬- ]-d-bp-∂- A-tX- ssi-enbn¬- Ip´n-

I-tf- q-an- D-cp-≠-Xm-Ip-∂p- F-∂v- ]-S-®-h-\v- ]-d-™p-Iq-Sm-bn-cpt∂m-

F-∂m-bn-cn-°pw- Nn-e-cp-sS- kw-i-bw.- C-∂pw- H-cp- I-Sw-I-Y-bm-bn-

Xp-S-cp-∂- `q-K¿-`-sØ-∏-‰n- Ir-Xy-am-b- hn-h-c-߃- Jp¿-B-\n-eq-sS-

\¬-In-°q-tS- F-∂pw- tNm-Zy-ap-b-cmw.- a-\p-jy-\v- kz-bw- I-s≠-Øm≥-

I-gn-bp-∂- `u-Xn-Ihn-Pv-Rm-\-߃- P-\-a[y-Øn¬- F-Øn-°p-I-

Jp¿B≥ Hcp kXymt\zjnbpsS apºn¬ 42 Jp¿B≥ Hcp kXymt\zjnbpsS apºn¬ 43

-

F∂-X-√- ]-Xyp-X- u-Xn-I]m-Wv-Un-Xy-hpw- hn- -h-ti-jn-bpw- F√mw-

D-≠m-bn- pw- [m¿-an-I-am-bn- A-[x-]-Xn-®v- t]m-Ip-∂- a-\p-jy¿-°v- t\¿-

h-gn- Im-Wn-°p-I-bm-Wv- hn-ip-≤- Jp¿-B-\n-s≥-d- Zu-Xyw- F-∂-

Imcyw- hn-kv-a-cn-°m-sX-bm-I-Ww- Jp¿-B-\n-I- Zr-jv-Sm-¥-ß-sf- hni-

I-e-\w- sN-øp-∂-Xv.-

ap-gp-h≥- \-£-X-߃-°pw- K-l-߃-°pw- D-]-K-l-߃-°pw-

tKm-fmIr-Xn- \¬-In-b- ]-]-©-\m-Y-s\- kw-_-\v-[n-s®-Sp-tØm-fw-

`q-an-bp-sS- tKm-fm-Ir-Xn- ]-tXy-Iw- F-Sp-Øp-]-d-tb-≠- H-cp- hnjb-

a-√-t√m.- H-cp- J--tK-m-fim-kv-X-Pv-R-s\- kw-_-\v-[n-®n-S-tØm-f-hpw-

`q-an-bp-sS- tKm-fm-Ir-Xn- hn-kv-a-bm-h-l-am-b- H-cp- ]-Xn-`m-k-sam-∂p-

a-√.- F-∂m¬- q-an-bn¬- am-Xw- ]-]-©-\m-Y≥- kw-hn-[m-\n-®- khn-

ti-j- ku-I-cy-߃- F-√m-h-cp-sS-bpw- N-n-¥-°v- hn-j-bo-`hn-t°-

≠-Xm-Wv.- a-\p-jy-Po-hn-Xw- B- ku-I-cy-ß-fp-sS- A-`m-h-Øn¬-

A-km-[y-am-bn-cn-°pw.- A-X-p-sIm-≠p-X-s∂- A-h- H-cp-°n-Ø-∂-

kjv-Sm-hn-\v- a-\p-jy≥- F-X- \-µn- tc-J-s∏-Sp-Øn-bm-epw- a-Xn-bmIn-

√.- Cu- cw-K-Øm-Wv- Jp¿-B≥- Du-∂¬- \¬-Ip-∂-Xv.-

`q-an-bp-sS- k-hn-ti-j-X-Iƒ-

`q-an-sb- a-‰v- K-l-ß-fn¬-\n-∂v- hy-X-y-kv-X-am-°n- \n¿-Øp-∂- khn-

ti-j-X-Iƒ- F-s¥m-s°-bm-Wv?-

""kw-c-£n-X-am-b- ta¬-∏p-c-''- (hn.-Jp.- 21:-33)- F-∂v- hn-ip-≤- Jp¿

B≥- hn-ti-jn-∏n-°p-∂- A-¥-co-£- ta-em-∏v- ap-tJ-\- `q-an-bn¬-

Po-hn-Xw- kw-c-£n-°-s∏-´n-cn-°p-∂p-sh-∂-Xm-Wv- `q-an-bp-sS- au-en-

I-am-b- k-hn-ti-j-X-I-fn-sem-∂v.- a-‰v- K-l-ß-fn-tem- N-µ-\n-tem-

A-Øc-sam-cp- km-l-N-cy-an-√.- ]m-W-hm-bp-hn-s≥-d- A-`m-hw,- am-c-

I-am-b- hn-In-c-W-߃,- D¬-°-Iƒ- F-√mw- tN¿-∂v- a-‰v- K-l-ß-

fn¬- Po-hn-Xw- A-km-[y-am-°p-tºmƒ- A-\n-X-c-am-b- A-¥-co-£-a-

Wv-U-ew- _m-ly-]-]-©-Øn¬-\n-∂v- h-cp-∂- hn-]-Øp-I-sf- XS

™p-\n¿-Øn- q-an-sb- kw-c-£n-°p-∂p-;- ]m-W-hm-bp- ap-tJ-\- Poh≥-

\n-e-\n¿-Øp-∂p.-

Secrets of Space F-∂- K-\v-Y-Øn¬- Anthony feldman ]-d-bp∂p:-

The atmosphere performs two vital roles, It provides an ocean ofair that enables living creatures to breath and it also acts as a shield

against some of the worst hazards of space.Although everyone can immediatly appreciate the importance of

air to breath it is more difficult to imagine the canopy of atmosphereas an important roof of over people's heads. But at every moment theatmosphere is sheilding us from lethal radiation from the Sun.

""A-¥-co-£-Øn-\v- \n¿-Wm-b-I-am-b- c-≠v- [¿-a-߃- \n¿-h-ln-

°m-\p-≠v.- Po-hn-I-fp-sS- izm-tkm-Nv-Om-k-Øn-\m-bn- A-Xv- hm-bphn-

s≥-d- H-cp- k-ap-Zw- X-s∂- H-cp-°p-∂p.- A-Xn-\v- ]p-d-sa- _m-lym-Im-

i-Øn-se- N-n-e- sIm-Spw-Zp-c-¥-ß-fn¬-\n-∂v- Im-Øp-c-£n-°p-∂- Hcp-

I-h-N-am-bpw- A-Xv- ]-h¿-Øn-°p-∂p.-

""iz-kn-°m-\p-≈- hm-bp-hn-s≥-d- ]m-[m-\yw- G-sXm-cmƒ°pw- s]

s´-∂v- a-\-kn-em-Ip-sa-¶n-epw- P-\-ß-fp-sS- X-e-°v- ao-sX- \n-e-sIm-

≈p-∂- A-Xy-¥w- ]m-[m-\y-ap-≈- H-cp- ta¬-∏p-c- F-∂- \n-e-bn¬-

A-¥-co-£ta-em-∏n-s\- hn-`m-h-\w- sN-øm≥- ]-bm-kw- tXm-∂n-tb-

°mw.- F-∂m¬- Hm-tcm- \n-an-j-Øn-epw- kq-cy-\n¬-\n-∂p-≈- am-c-I-

am-b- hn-In-c-W-߃-s°-Xn-sc- A-¥-co-£w- \-ap-s°m-cp- I-h-N-ambn-

h¿-Øn-°p-∂p''.- (Secrets of Space-Aldus Books London P.O.86)

`qan-sb-∂- sa-Ø-

""`q-an-sb- \n-߃-°v- sa-Ø-bm-°n-Ø-∂n-cn-°p-∂p''- (2:-22)- F∂-

h-N-\-sØ-bpw- B-[p-\n-I-\n-K-a-\-ß-fp-sS- sh-fn-®-Øn-em-Wv- hne-

bn-cp-tØ-≠-Xv.- am-c-I-am-b- c-iv-an-I-tf¬-°m-sX, D¬-°m-\n-]m-X-

sØ- -b-s∏-Sm-sX,- H-cp- Hm-Iv-kn-P≥- kn-en-≠¿- Iq-sS-sIm-≠p-t]m-

Im-sX,- m-c-k-¥p-e-\w- \n-e-\n¿-Øn-s°m-≠v,- \n-b-¥n-X-am-b- Dujv-

am-hn¬- a-e¿-∂p-In-S-∂v- H-∂v- hn-i-an-°m-\p-≈- ]-Ir-Xn-Z-Ø-am-b-

sa-Ø- ku-c-bq-Y-Øn¬- q-ap-J-Øv- am-X-am-Wp-≈-Xv.- q-an- Po-hPm-

e-߃-°v- h-k-Xn-bm-bpw- hn-i-a-kv-Y-e-am-bpw- kw-hn-[m-\n-°-s∏-

´-t∏mƒ- F-X-am-Xw- I-Wn-i-am-b- ]-cn-kv-Yn-Xn- \n-b-¥-W-߃-

]m-en-°-s∏-´n-´p-s≠-∂v- im-kv-Xw- C-t∏m-gpw- hn-e-bn-cp-Øn-s°m-

≠n-cn-°p-I-bm-Wv.-

sh-≈w,- sh-≈w- k¿-∆-X,- ]-t£........-

hm-bp-t]m-se- X-s∂- \-ap-°v- ]-cn-Nn-X-am-Wv- sh-≈-hpw.- F-∂m¬-

Jp¿B≥ Hcp kXymt\zjnbpsS apºn¬ 44 Jp¿B≥ Hcp kXymt\zjnbpsS apºn¬ 45

-

]-]-©-Øn-se- A-Xp-ey-am-b- bu-Kn-I-fn-sem-∂m-Wv- sh-≈w.- \Ωp-

sS- X-e-°v- ap-I-fn¬- a-g-bm-bn- sNm-cn-bp-∂,- P-em-i-b-ß-fn¬- kw -

cn-°m-hp-∂- sh-≈w- C-√m-bn-cp-s∂-¶n-¬- Cu- q-an-bn¬- Po-h≥- \ne-

\n¬-°n-√m-bn-cp-∂p.- Z-h-am-bpw- J-c-am-bpw- hm-X-I-am-bpw- amdn- Poh-

Pm-e-ß-fp-sS- hnhn-[- B-h-iy-߃- \n-d-th-‰p-∂- Im-em-h-kv-Y-sb-

B-sI- \n-b-¥n-°p-∂- kz-m- m-hn-I- hm-Xm-\p-Iq-e-Øn-\v- k-lm-bn°p-

∂- Water Cycle A-Y-hm- P-e-N-Iw- F-ß-s\- \n-b-¥n-°-s∏-Sp∂p?-

C-∂pw- D-Ø-cw-In- m-Ø- k-a-ky-bm-Wv- Im-em-h-kv-Y-bp-sS- K-Xn-hnK-

Xn-Iƒ.- "`q-an-sb- a-\p-jy-s≥-d- I-fn-sØm-´n-em-°p-∂-Xn¬'- (hn.-Jp.-

78:-6)- ap-Jy- ]-¶p-h-ln-°p-∂- H-cp- L-S-I-a-sX- sh-≈w.- A-Xn-s\-∏

‰n- hn-ip-≤- Jp¿-B≥- ]-d-bp-∂p-:-""A-√m-lp-hm-Wv- A-h-s≥-d- Im-cp

Wy-Øn-s≥-d- ap-t∂m-Sn-bm-bn- Im-‰p-I-sf- A-b-°p-∂-h≥.- H-Sp-hn¬-

P-e-`m-cw- Xn-ßp-∂- ta-L-sØ- A-h- h-ln-°p-tºmƒ- ar-X-]m-bam-

b- H-cp- ]-tZ-i-tØ-°v- A-Xn-s\- \mw- \-bn-°p-I-bpw- A-ß-s\- A

Xp-aq-ew- \mw- sh-≈w- sNm-cn-bp-I-bpw- F-√m-Ø-cw- Im-bv-I-\n-Ifpw-

\mw- A-Xp-aq-ew- D¬-]m-Zn-∏n-°p-I-bpw- sN-øp-∂p.- A-]-Im-c-am-Wv-

a-cn-®-h-sc-bpw- \mw- ]p-d-Øp-sIm-≠p-h-cp-∂-Xv.- \n-߃- kv-a-cn-°p∂-

h-cm-sb-¶n¬''- (7:-57).-

Im-e-h¿-j-°m-‰v,- a-g,- \-Zn-Iƒ,- k-ap-Z-߃- C-h-sb-√mw-sIm≠v-

A-\p-K-lo-X-am-b- H-tc-sbm-cp- K-lw- q-an-bm-Wv.- _p-[-K-l-Øn¬-

A-¥-co-£-ta- C-√.- ip-I-\n¬- A-¥-co-£-ap-s≠-¶n-epw- A-Xv- Im¿

_¨,- kƒ-^¿- Hm-Iv-ssk-Up-I-fp-sS- H-cp- an-in-Xw- am-X-a-sX.-

sNm-∆-bp-sS- A-¥-co-£-Øn¬- P-emw-i-ap-s≠-¶n-epw- A-hn-sS-bpw-

P-e-N-Iw- cq-]w-sIm-≠n- n-√.- hym-g-Øn¬- ssl-tUm-kƒ-ss -Un-

s≥-d-bpw- A-tam-Wn-bw- I-n-kv-‰-ep-I-fp-sS-bpw- ssl-U-P-s≥-d-bpw-

Iq-sS- ln-a-I-W-ß-fp-s≠-¶n-epw- a-g-bpw- P-em-i-b-ß-fp-an-√.- ln-a

I-h-N-Øn¬- s]m-Xn-™p-In-S-°p-∂- bq-dm-\-kn-s≥-d-bpw- s\-]v-‰yq-

Wn-s≥-d-bpw- A-¥-co-£-Øn¬- ao-sX-bv-\m-Wp-≈-Xv.-

Im-‰n-s\-bpw- a-g-sb-bpw- `q-K¿-`-P-e-sØ-bpw- ]-‰n- hy-Iv-X-am-b-

Im-gv-N-∏m-Sv- k-ao-]\q-‰m-≠p-Iƒ-h-sc- im-kv-X-Øn-\p-≠m-bn-cp-∂n√.-

Jp¿-B-s≥-d- A-h-X-c-W-Im-e-sØ- A-d-_n-Iƒ-°v- im-kv-X-Øn-s≥d-

_m-e-]m-T-߃- t]m-epw- A-dn-bp-am-bn-cp-∂n-√.- B- \n-e-°v- Cu-

Im-cy-ß-sf-∏-‰n- B-[p-\n-I- \n-K-a-\-ß-fp-am-bn- tbm-Pn-°p-∂- ]Xn-

]m-Z-\-ß-f-m-Wv- Jp-¿-B-\-n-ep-≈-Xv- F-∂- Im-cyw- Jp¿-B-s≥-d- ssZ-

hn-I-X-°v- km-£yw- h-ln-°p-∂p.- Im-‰v,- Im¿-ta-Lw,- C-Sn-bpw- an∂-

epw-,- a-g,- qK¿- P-ew- C-h-sb- H-cp- Nm-In-I]-In-b-bp-sS- m-K-ßfm-

bn- hn-ip-≤- Jp¿-B≥- A-h-X-cn-∏n-°p-∂p.-

`q-an-bn-se- ]-tXy-I- Xm-]-\n-e-bm-Wv- a-s‰m-cp- \n¿-Wm-b-I- LS-

Iw.- A-\y-K-l-ß-fn¬-\n-∂p-am-X-a-√,- q-an-bp-sS- D-]-K-l-am-b- Nµ-

\n¬-\n-∂p-t]m-epw- hy-Xy-kv-X-am-bn- `q-an-bp-sS- D-]-cn-X-e-Øn-\v-

k¥p-e-n-X-am-b- Du-jv-am-hv- \¬-I-s∏-´n-cn-°p-∂p.- A-¥-co-£-Øn-

se-bpw- q-K¿`-Øn-se-bpw- k-hn-ti-j- km-l-N-cy-ß-fm-Wv- C-Xn\v-

k-lm-bn-°p-∂-Xv.- X-Wp-Øp-d-bp-I-tbm- Np-s´-cn-bp-I-tbm- sN-øm-

Ø- Du-jv-a-f-am-b- H-cp- sa-Ø-bsX- Cu- A¿-Y-Øn¬- `q-X-ew.- cm-

Xn-Im-e-ß-fn¬- N-tµm-]-cn-X-e-Øn-se- Xm-]w- K-Wy-am-bn- Ip-d

bp-tºmƒ- qan-bn¬- A-ß-s\- kw-`-hn-°p-∂n-√.- q-K¿-`-Xm-]w- D-]-

cn-X-e-Øn-te-°v- t\-cn-b- tXm-Xn¬- kw-I-an-°p-∂-Xm-Wv- C-Xn-\v-

Im-c-Ww.- ]-I¬- k-a-b-Øv- A-¥-co-£-]m-fn-Iƒ- k-q-cy-c-iv-an-I-sf-

A-cn-s®-Sp-Øv- ip-≤o-I-cn-°p-I-bpw- sa-cp-°n-sb-Sp-Øv- ]m-I-s∏-SpØp-

I-bpw- sN-øp-∂p.-

kq-cy-\p-am-bp-≈- A-I-e-Øn¬- q-an-bp-tS-Xn¬-\n-∂pw- h-f-scsbm-

∂pw- `n-∂-a-√m-Ø- kv-Ym-\-am-Wv- N-µ-t≥-d-Xv.- ]-t£,- N-tµm-]-cn-

X-ew- H-cn-°-epw- Po-h-Pm-e-߃-°v- sa-Ø-sbm-cp-°p-I-bn-s√-∂m-

Wv- F-√m- im-kv-X\n-K-a-\-ß-fpw- Nq-≠n-°m-Wn-°p-∂-Xv.- sh-≈an-

√m-Ø,- Im-¥-h-e-bw- Zp¿-_-e-am-b- N-tµm-]-K-lw- Xm-]-\n-e-bnepw-

`q-an-bn¬-\n-∂v- h-f-sc- `n-∂-am-Wv.-

N-µ-s≥-d- a-[y-tc-Jm-]-tZ-i-Øv- \´p-®-k-a-b-sØ- Xm-]w- G-I

tZ-iw- 1340cbpw- A¿-≤-cm-Xn-bn¬- 1530cbpw B-Ip-∂p.- A-sX- s]mcn-

bp-∂- D-®-bpw- X-Wp-Øp-d-bp-∂- cm-Xn-bpw.- ssSw- A-‰v-e-kv- tc-J

s∏-Sp-Øp-∂-Xv- Im-Wp-I-:-

That the Earth and Moon are very different world is beyond doubt.But how they evolved so differently is still a matter for conjecture(Time Atlas 6th Edn. 1980)

""`q-an-bpw- N-µ-\pw- h-f-sc- hn- n-∂-am-b- tem-I-ß-fm-Ip-∂p- F∂-

h-kv-Xp-X- kw-i-bm-Xo-X-a-sX.- ]-s£,- C-X-bpw- hy-Xym-k-ap-≈-

Jp¿B≥ Hcp kXymt\zjnbpsS apºn¬ 46 Jp¿B≥ Hcp kXymt\zjnbpsS apºn¬ 47

-

Xm-bn- A-h- F-ß-s\- ]-cn-W-an-®p- F-∂- hn-j-b-sØ- ]-‰n- C-t∏mgpw-

Du-ln-°m-t\- I-gn-bq''.-

]¿-h-X-߃- `q-an-bp-sS- B-Wn-Iƒ-

""\mw- q-an-sb- sXm- n-epw- ]¿-∆-X-ß-sf- B-Wn-I-fp-am-°n-bn-t√?''-

(hn.-Jp.- 78:-7)-

]p-cm-X-\- A-d-_n-Iƒ-t°m- a-‰v- P-\-hn-`m-K-߃-t°m- ]¿-h-X

߃- q-an-bp-sS- B-Wn-I-fm-sW-∂- [m-c-W- D-≠m-bn-cp-∂n-√.- A-h

cp-sS- Ir-Xn-I-fn-sem-∂pw- ]¿-h-X-sØ-]-‰n- A-ß-s\-sbm-cp- ho-£

Ww- Im-W-s∏-Sp-∂n-√.- A-Xp-sIm-≠v- X-s∂- D-]-cyp-Iv-X- Jp¿-B≥-

kq-Iv-X-sØ- im-kv-Xo-bm-S-n-kv-Ym-\-an-√m-Ø- H-cp- ]-kv-Xm-ham-bn-

]-e-cpw- Nn-Xo-I-cn-®n-´p-≠v.-

F-∂m¬- q-K¿- -im-kv-X- cw-K-sØ- B-[p-\n-I- K-th-j-W-߃-

sX-fn-bn-°p-∂-Xv- ]¿-h-X-߃- `q-an-sb- kw-_-\v-[n-®n-S-tØm-fw-

GX¿-Y-Øn-epw- B-Wn-I-fm-sW-∂m-Wv.-

`q-K¿- -im-kv-X-Øn-se- H-cp- B-[n-Im-cn-I- K-\v-Y-Øn¬- tc-Js∏-

Sp-Øn-b-Xv- t\m-°p-I-:-

The failure of certain earth quake waves to pass beneath hugegranitic ranges and reduced attraction of gravity near such mountainmasses suggest that those mountains reach down to considerabledepths-having roots as it were, in the underlying basalt like an iceberg'stheir submerged part is greater than their exposed parts. The graniticzone under mountains may be as much as four times as thick as it isunder plains.

(Geolog Richard M. pearl 3rd Edn 1966 published by Barnes &noble. Newyork)

""I-\-Ø- I-cn-ºm-d-I-fp-≈- ta-J-e-Iƒ-°n-S-bn-eq-sS- q-I-º- Xcw-

K-߃-°v- I-S-∂p-t]m-Im≥- I-gn-bp-∂n-√- F-∂-Xpw- A-Ø-cw- ]¿h-

-X- m-K-߃-°-Sp-Øv- Kp-cp-Xzm-I¿-j-Ww- Ip-d-bp-∂p-sh-∂-Xpw- kqNn-

∏n-°p-∂-Xv- B- ]¿-h-X-߃- K-Wy-am-b- Af-hn¬- D-≈n-te-°v-

B≠p-In-S-°p-∂p-sh-∂m-Wvv- A-Y-hm- A-Sn-bn¬- kv-Yn-Xn-sN-øp-∂-

_-kmƒ-´n¬- sN-‰p-ap-´p-∂- th-cp-Iƒ- A-h-bv-°p-s≠-∂m-Wv.- H-cp-

sF-kv- _¿-Kn-s≥-d- (ln-am-\n-bp-sS) s]m-ßn-°m-Wp-∂- `m-K-tØ-

°mƒ- F-X-tbm- h-ep-Xm-bn-cn-°pw- ap-ß-n-°n-S-°p-∂- `m-K-sa-∂-

t]m-se ]¿-h-X-߃-°v- Io-gn-ep-≈- I-cn-ºm-d- ta-J-e- k-a-X-e-߃

°v- Io-sg-bp-≈-Xn-s≥-d- \m-en-c-´n-tbm-fw- I-\-ap-≈-X-m-bn-cn-°pw''.-

`q-an-bp-sS- k-¥p-en-X-Xz-Øn¬- ]¿-h-X-߃-°p-≈- ]-¶m-Wv-

hnip-≤- Jp¿-B≥- ssZ-hn-IZr-jv-Sm-¥-sa-∂- \n-e-bn¬- Nq-≠n-°m-

Wn-°p-∂- a-s‰m-cp- Im-cyw.- C-∂pw- A-]-Iz-a-Xn-I-fm-b- hn-a¿-i-I-

∑m¿- X-≈n-∏-d-bm-dp-≈- Cu- ssZ-hn-IZr-jv-Sm-¥-sØ- km-£y-s∏-

Sp-Xp-∂- hn-[-Øn-em-Wv- B-[p-\n-I- K-th-j-W-߃- \o-ßp-∂-Xv.-

""`q-an-bn¬- \mw- D-d-®p-\n¬-°p-∂- ]¿-h-X-ß-fp-≠m-°n-bn-cn-°p

∂p-.- `q-an- A-h-sc-bpw sIm-≠v- \o-ßn-t∏m-Im-Xn-cn-°m≥''- (hn.-Jp.-

21:-31).-

a-‰v- A-t\-Iw- h-m-Iy-ß-fn-epw- ]¿-h-X-߃- \¬-Ip-∂- kp-kv-Yn

c-X- Jp¿-B≥- Nq-≠n-°m-Wn-°p-∂p-≠v.-

`q-I-º-X-cw-K-ß-sf-bpw- `q-`m-K-`w-i-ß-sf-bpw- `q-K¿-`-N-e-\-ß-

sf-bpw- ]-‰n-bp-≈- B-[p-\n-I]-T-\-߃- hn-ip-≤- Jp¿-B-\n-s≥-d-

A-h-X-c-W-Im-e-Øv- tem-I-Øn-\v- A-Pv-Rm-X-am-bn-cp-∂- [m-cm-fw-

h-kv-Xp-X-Iƒ- sh-fn-®-Øv- sIm-≠p-h-∂n-´p-≠v.- A-h-bn¬- ]-e-Xpw-

]¿-h-X-ß-sf-∏-‰n-bp-≈- Jp¿-B-\n-I- ]-cm-a¿-i-ß-fp-sS- k-Xy-X-

bnte-°v- hn-c¬- Nq-≠p-∂-X-sX.-

`q-I-º-X-cw-K-ß-fp-sS- th-K-X-sb- \n-b-¥n-®p-sIm-≠pw,- `q-tKm-

f-Øn-s≥-d- B-¥-cn-I-hpw- _m-ly-hp-am-b- L-S-\- ]-cn-c-£n-°p-∂-

Xn¬- ]¿-h-X-߃- h-ln-°p-∂- ]-¶v- `q-K¿-`-im-kv-Xw- B-[p-\n-I-

km-t¶-Xn-I- hn-Zy-bp-sS- k-lm-b-tØm-sS- C-∂v- kq-£v-a-am-bn- hne-

bn-cp-Øns°m-≠n-cn-°p-I-bm-Wv.- Zn-hy-Z¿-i-\-Øn-s≥-d- A- m-h-Øn¬-

1400 h¿-jw-ap-ºv- H-cp- hy-Iv-Xn-°v- Cu- hn-j-bw- ]-cm-a¿-in-°m≥-

Ign-bp-am-bn-cp-∂n-√.-

`q-tKm-fw- Jp¿-B-\n¬-

K-eo-en-tbm- K-eo-en-bm-Wv- q-an- D-cp-≠-Xm-sW-∂v- ]-kv-Xm-hn-®-

B-Zyhy-Iv-Xn-sb-∂pw- A-t±-l-Øn-\v- ap-ºv- F-√m-h-cpw- [-cn-®n-cp∂-

Xv- q-an- ]-c-∂-Xm-sW-∂p-am-bn-cp-∂p-sh-∂pw- ]-e-cpw- H-gp-°≥-a- n¬-

]-d-bm-dp-≠v.- Jp¿-B-\n¬- ]-c-∂- `q-an-sb-∏-‰n-bm-Wv- ]-d-™n-´p-≈-

sX-∂pw- ap-kv-enw-I-sfm-s°- `q-an- ]-c∂-Xm-sW-∂m-bn-cp-∂p- [-cn-

Jp¿B≥ Hcp kXymt\zjnbpsS apºn¬ 48 Jp¿B≥ Hcp kXymt\zjnbpsS apºn¬ 49

-

®n-cp-∂-sX-∂pw- C-kv-emw- hn-cp-≤¿- ]-d-™p-\-S-°m-dp-≠v.- C-°q´¿-

hn-ip-≤- Jp¿-B-s\-∏-‰n-bpw- ap-kv-enw- N-cn-X-sØ-∏-‰n-bpw- A-Pv-R-

cm-sW-∂v- am-X-a-√,- s]m-Xp-hn-Pv-Rm-\-Øn¬-t]m-epw- ]-cn-Xm-]-Ic-

amw-hn-[w- ]n-t∂m-°-am-sW-∂m-Wv- sX-fn-bn-°p-∂-Xv.-

k-l-km-_v-Z-߃-°v- ap-ºp-X-s∂- Cu-Pn-]v-‰p-Im-cpw- tdm-am-°m

cpw- a-‰pw- 3651/4 Zn-h-k-ap-≈- ku-c-h¿-jw- K-Wn-®n-cp-∂p-sh-∂v- Ncn-

X-Øn-s≥-d- _m-e-]m-T-sa-¶n-epw- ]-Tn-®-h¿-s°m-s°- A-dn-bmw.-

Ipsd- ]m-h-iyw- ss\¬- \-Zn-bn¬- ]-c-am-h-[n- sh-≈w- I-b--dp-∂- Zn

h-k-߃- \n-co-£n-®n-´v- A-Ø-cw- c-≠v- Zn-h-k-߃- X-Ωn-ep-≈-

A-I-ew- I-W-°m-°n- A-Xn-s≥-d- i-cm-i-cn- K-Wn-®n-´m-Wv- 3651/4

F-∂- D-Ø-cw- In- n-b-sX-∂v- u-Xn-I-hm-Zn-bm-b- H-cp- \-c-hw-i- imkv-

X-Pv-R≥- tc-J-s∏-Sp-Øn-°-≠p.- Pq-en-b≥- I-e-≠¿- cq-]w-sIm-≠Xv-

F-hn-sS- sh-≈w- I-b-dn-b-Xn-s≥-d- I-W-°p-t\m-°n-bn- m-sW-∂v- B-

cpw- F-hn-sS-bpw- F-gp-Xn-°-≠n-√.- q-an- kq-cy-\v- Np-‰pw- H-cp- ]Z£n-

Ww- ]q¿-Øn-bm-°m-s\-Sp-°p-∂- k-a-b-Øn-\v- Xp-ey-am-b- H-cp-h¿-

jw- I-Wn-i-am-bn- K-Wn-®-h¿- ]m-b- t]m-se-tbm- ]-∏-Sw- t]m-se-

tbm- D-≈- `q-an-sb- a-\-kn¬- I≠p-sIm-≠m-Wv- A-ß-s\- sN-bv-X-

sX-∂v- hm-Zn-°m≥- \n-jv-]-£-a-Xn-Iƒ-°v- km-[y-a-√.- K-eo-en-tbm-

]n-d-°p-∂-Xn-\v- \q-‰m-≠p-Iƒ-°v- ap-ºp-X-s∂- ap-kv-enwim-kv-X-

PvR-∑m-cpw- a-X-]-Wv-Un-X-∑m-cpw- `q-an-bp-sS- tKm-fm-Ir-Xn-sb-∏-‰n-

tc-J-s∏-Sp-Øn-bn-´p-≠v.-

Any how, the fact of the earth being a sphere of very small dimen-sions in comparison to the size of the universe was accepted withouta position by every Arabian Scholar, and the very first scientific workundertaken after the vise of Astronomy among them was a determi-nation of the size of the earth. It was carried out by order of KhalifAl-Mamoon in the plane Palmyra according to the account given byIbn Junus that the length of a degree was measured by two observersbetween Wamia and Tadmoor and by two others in another localitywe are not tole where. The first measure given a degree equal to 57,and second one equal to 56.25 Arabian milesof 4000 black cubits,and the approximate mean 3652/3 -miles was adopted as the final re-search. The cricumference of the earth being 20400 miles and thediameter 6500 miles.

(A History of Astronomy from Thales to Kepler by Ile Dreyar.2nd Edn.Dover Publication, New york)

""]-]-©-hp-am-bn- Xp-e-\w- sN-øp-tºmƒ- h-f-sc- sN-dn-b- ]-cn-am

Ww-- am-X-ap-≈- H-cp- tKm-f-am-Wv- q-an-sb-∂- h-kv-Xp-X- G-tXm- hn[-

Øn¬- A-td-_y≥- ]-Wv-Un-X-∑m¿-°n-S-bn¬- A-\n-tj-[y-am-b-

kzoIm-cy-X- t\-Sn-°-gn-™n-cp-∂p.- A-h¿-°n-S-bn¬- tPym-Xn-im-kv-

X-Øn-s≥-d- D-Z-v-K-Xn-sb-Xp-S¿-∂v- BZy-am-bn- \-S-Ø-s∏-´- im-kv-Xo-

b- kw-cw- w- -q-an-bp-sS- h-en-∏w- \n¿-W-bn-°p-I-bm-bn-cp-∂p.- ]m¬an-

dm- k-a-X-e-Øn¬- J-eo- m- am-aq-p-s≥-d- D-Ø-c-hv- ]-Im-c-am-Wv- AXv-

\-S-∂-Xv.- C-_v-\p-bq-\p-kv- \¬-In-bn- p-≈- hn-h-c-ß-f-\p-k-cn-®v- A∂v-

\m-ev- \n-co-£-I-∑m¿- tN¿-∂v- H-cp- Un-Kn-bp-sS- ssZ¿-Lyw- A-f°p-

I-bm-Wv- sN-bv-X-Xv.- c-≠p-t]¿- hm-an-bv-°pw- X-Zv-aq-dn-\pw- C-S-°pw,-

a-‰v- c-≠p-t]¿- tc-J-s∏-Sp-Ø-s∏-´n-´n-√m-Ø- a-s‰m-cp- ta-J-e-bn-ep-

am-Wv- A-f-hp-I-sf-Sp-Ø-Xv.- B-Zyw- In-´n-b- A-f-h-\p-k-cn-®v- H-cp-

Un-Kn- 57 A-td-_y≥- \m-gn-I-°v- Xp-ey-am-bn-cp-∂p.- c-≠m-a-Xv- In-´n

b- A-f-h-\p-k-cn-®v- 56.-25\m-gn-I-bpw.- 4000ap-g-a-sX- H-cp- A-td-_y≥-

\m-gn-I.- A-¥n-a- hn-i-I-e-\-Øn¬- c-≠v- A-f-hp-I-fp-sS-bpw- Iq-Sn-

G-ItZ-i- i-cm-i-cn- 3651/3 \m-gn-I- H-cp- Un-Kn-bp-sS- ssZ¿-Ly-am-

bn- Aw-Ko-I-cn-°-s∏-Sp-∂p.- A-ß-s\- q-an-bp-sS- Np-‰-f-hv- 20400 \mgn-

I-bm-bpw- hym-kw- 6500 \m-gn-I-bm-bpw- K-Wn-°-s∏-´p''- (tPym-Xn-

im-kv-X- N-cn-Xw- sX-bv¬-kv- ap-X¬- sI-π¿- h-sc).-

`q-an-sb- H-cp- tKm-f-am-bn- I-≠-p-sIm-≠v- C-kv-em-an-s≥-d- ]-`m-h

Im-e-Øv- (tIm-∏¿- \n-°-kpw- K-eo-en-tbm-bpw- P-\n-°p-∂-Xn-\v- \q‰m-

≠p-Iƒ-°v- ap-ºv) \-S-Ø-s∏- - \n-co-£-W- K-th-j-W-ß-fp-sS- sNdn-

sbm-cw-iw- am-X-am-Wv- Cu- D-≤-c-Wn-bn¬- Nq-≠n-°m-Wn-°-s∏- Xv.-

hn-ip-≤- Jp¿-B-\n-s≥-d- ssZ-hn-I-X-bn¬- ]q¿-W-am-bn- hn-izm-k-

a¿-∏n-®n-cp-∂-h¿- X-s∂-bm-bn-cp-∂p- Cu- K-th-j-W-ß-fn-te¿-s∏-

´n-cp-∂-Xv.- q-an- tKm-fm-Ir-Xn-b-m-bn-cn-°p-I- F-∂-Xv- Jp¿-B-\v- hn-cp-

≤-am-sW-∂v- A-h-tcm- A-h-cp-sS- k-a-Im-en-I-cm-b- ap-kv-enw- ]-WvUn-

X-∑m-tcm- \n-cq-]n-°p-I-t]m-epw- sN-bv-Xn-´n-√.-

X-s∂-bp-a-√- kq-cy-N-µ-∑m-sc-bpw- cm-∏-I-ep-I-sf-bpw- ]-‰n- ]Xn-

]m-Zn-°p-∂- k-µ¿-`-ß-fn¬- hn-ip-≤- Jp¿-B≥-- kzo-I-cn-®n-´p-≈-

ssien- hy-Iv-X-am-bpw- tKmfm-Ir-Xn-sb- Ip-dn-°p-∂-Xm-sW-∂- Imcy-

Jp¿B≥ Hcp kXymt\zjnbpsS apºn¬ 50 Jp¿B≥ Hcp kXymt\zjnbpsS apºn¬ 51

-Jp¿B≥ Hcp kXymt\zjnbpsS apºn¬ 52 Jp¿B≥ Hcp kXymt\zjnbpsS apºn¬ 51

Øn¬- ap-kv-enw- k-ap-Zm-b-Øn-se- ]-ap-J- ]-Wv-Un-X-∑m¿-°v- X¿-

°-an-s√-∂v- am-k-∏n-d-hn-sb-∏-‰n-bp-≈- H-cp- e-Lp-Ir-Xn-bn¬-

ssiJp¬- C-kv-emw- C-_v-\p-ssX-an-ø- kv-]-jv-S-am-°n-bn- p-≠v.- ]ap-

J- Jp¿-B≥- hym-Jym-Xm-hm-b- C-amw- dm-kn-bpw- C-°m-cyw- A-k∂n-

Kv-≤-am-bn- Xp-d-∂v- ]-d-™n- p-≠v.- C-_v-\p-ssX-an-b-bpw- C-amw- dmkn-

bpw- \-thm-∞m-\-Im-e-Øn-\v- F-X-tbm- ap-ºv- C-kv-em-an-I- hn-PvRm-

\o-b-ß-fp-sS- sh-fn-®-Øn¬- Im-cy-߃- t\m-°n-°-≠- ]-Wv-Un-X∑m-

c-sX.-

hn-ip-≤- Jp¿-B-\n-s≥-d- A-am-\p-jn-I-X-°p-≈- Hm-tcm- sX-fnhpw-

A-]-K-Yn-®v- Cu- e-Lp-Ir-Xn- h-en-®p-\o-´m-\p-t±-in-°p-∂n-√.-

a-\p-jy-sc-∏-‰n-bpw- ]-]-©-sØ-∏-‰n-bpw- a-\p-jy-s≥-d- ]-X-\-

Øn\pw- D¬-I¿-j-Øn-\pw- \n-Zm-\-am-b- au-en-I- h-kv-Xp-X-I-sf-∏-

‰n-bpw- hn-ip-≤- Jp¿-B≥- A-h-X-cn-∏n-°p-∂- B-i-b-߃- tI-hew-

H-cp- a-\p-jy-s≥-d- Nn-¥-I-fm-bn-cp-∂p-sh-¶n¬- A-h- H-cn-°-epw- \nXy-

k-Xy-ß-fm-Ip-am-bn-cp-∂n-√.- Im-e-tZ-i-ß-fp-sS- A-Xn¿-h-c-ºp-Iƒ-

°-∏p-d-tØ-°v- A-h- \o-≠p-\n¬-°p-am-bn-cp-∂n-√.- Cu- h-kv-Xp-X-

kp-X-cmw- hy-Iv-X-am-°p-∂-X-sX- ap-I-fn¬- ]-cm-a¿-in-°-s∏- - sXfn-

hp-Iƒ.-

.....-ti-jw

h-m-b-\-°m-tcm-Sv,-

a-\p-jy≥- k-Xyw- kzo-I-cn-°-W-sa-∂v- \n¿-_-\v-[-an-√.- ]t£,-

k-Xyw- F-¥m-sW-∂v- I-≠p-]n-Sn-°m-\p-≈- Xm¬-]-cy-an-√m-bv-a- a\p-

jym-kv-Xn-Xz-Øn-\p--X-s∂- A-]-am-\-am-Wv.- A-Xn-s\- \n-tj-[n-°m≥-

im-iz-X- \-c-I-Øn-se-Øp-∂- ]m-X-I-am-Wv.-

ssZhw- a-\p-jy-\v- hn-th-Nn-°m-\p-≈- I-gn-hv- \¬-In-b-Xn-\m¬-

a-\p-jy≥- h-kv-Xp-\n-jv-T-am-bn- hn-th-Nn-°p-sa-∂v- ]-Xo-£n-°p-∂p-

sh-∂m-Wv- C-kv-emw- ]-Tn-∏n-°p-∂-Xv.- Nn-¥n-°p-I,- tNm-Zyw- sN-øpI,-

ho-≠pw- Nn-¥n-°p-I.-

C-kv-em-an-s≥-d- G-sX-¶n-epw- H-cp- A-[ym-]-\w- h-f-sc- [r-Xn-bn¬-

kzo-I-cn-°p-hm≥- B-cpw- Xm-¶-sf- \n¿-_-\v-[n-°p-I-bn-√.- Ckv-emw-

a-\p-jy-\v- kz-ta-[-bm- Nn-¥n-®v- sX-c-s™-Sp-°p-hm-\p-≈-k-zm-X-¥yw-

A-\p-h-Zn-°p-∂p.- C-kv-em-an-s\- ]-‰n- Xm-¶-fp-sS- A-dn-hv- k-a-K-am

tWm- F-∂v- kz-bw- ]-cn-tim-[n-°p-I.- D-≈- A-dn-hv- A-ap-kv-enw-

aqe-ß-fn¬-\n-∂pw- e- n-®-Xm-tWm- F-∂pw.- A-Ø-cw- aqe-߃- Hcp-

]-s£,- C-kv-em-an-s\- kw-_-\v-[n-®- m-Kn-IZr-iy-ß-fn¬-\n-∂v- cq]-

s∏- -Xpw- h-kv-Xp-\n-jv-T-hpw- I-a-hp-am-b- ]-cn-tim-[-\-°v- hn-t[-bam-

°m-Ø-h-bpw- BIm-\n-S-bp-≈-h-bm-tWm- F-∂pw- ]-cn-tim-[n-°pI.-

H-cp- ]-Yym-lm-cw- A-Xv- cp-Nn-®p-t\m-°m-Ø-h-cn¬-\n-∂p-≈- tI´p-

tIƒ-hn-bp-sS- A-Sn-kv-Ym-\-Øn¬- kzm-Zn-jv-S-am-tWm- F-∂v- Xo-cpam-

\n-°p-∂-Xv- \ym-b-bp-Iv-X-am-tWm?- A-√-t√-m.- A-Xp-t]m-se- C-kvem-

an-s\- kw-_-\v-[n-®v- Xm-¶ƒ- H-cp- A-`n-]m-bw- cq-]-s∏-Sp-Øp-∂-Xv-

hn-iz-kv-X-am-b- aq-e-ß-fn¬- \n-∂m-bn-cn-°-Ww.- A-Xv- cp-Nn-®p-t\m-

-

°p-I- am-X-a-√- A-Xv- Z-ln-°p-I-bpw- th-Ww,- Xm-¶ƒ- H-cp- A-`n]m-

bw- cq-]-s∏-Sp-Øp-∂-Xn-\v- ap-ºv.- A-Xm-bn-cn-°pw- C-kv-em-an-t-\m-Sp≈-

_p-≤n-am-s≥-d- k-ao-]-\w.-

Xm-¶ƒ-X-s∂- A-Sp-Ø-]-Sn- sX-c-s™-Sp-°p-I.- sX-c-s™-Sp-°p-

hm-\p-≈- Xm-¶-fp-sS- kzm-X-¥y-hpw,- ssZ-hw- \¬-In-b- Xm-¶-fp-sS-

Nn-¥m-i-Iv-Xn-bpw- tN-X-\-bpw- D-]-tbm-Kn-°p-hm-\p-≈ kzm-X-¥yhpw-

B-Z-cn-°-s∏-Sp-sa-∂v- C-kv-emw- \n-c-¥-cw- Xm-¶ƒ-°v- D-d-∏v- X-cp-∂p-

sh-∂-Xv- Xm-¶-sf- k-lm-bn-°pw.- F-√m-a-\p-jy¿-°pw- Cu- kzm-X-

¥y-hm-Rv-O-bp-≠v.- a-s‰m-cmƒ-°pw- A-Xv- Xm-¶-fn¬-\n-∂v- F-Sp-Øp-

I-f-bm≥- A-[n-Im-c-an-√.- k-Xy-Øn-te-°p-≈- Xm-¶-fp-sS- _p-≤n-]-

c-am-b- bm-X- kp-J-]-Z-am-°-s´- F-∂pw- Xm-¶ƒ-°v- tem-I-k-jvSm-

hv- k-Xyw- kzo-I-cn-°m-\p-≈- sI¬-∏v- \¬-I-s´- F-∂pw- R-߃-

B-iw-kn-°p-∂p.-

Xm-¶ƒ-°v- C-kv-em-an-s\- kw-_-\v-[n-®v- h-kv-Xp-\n-jv-S-am-bn- ]Tn-

°-W-sa-∂v- B-K-l-ap-s≠-¶n¬- \n-®v- Hm-^v- Sq-Øn-s\- k-ao-

]n°pI.-

54

Iq-Sp-X-¬- ]-Tn-°m≥-

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