Poprad Slovakia - Martin 2020 - Conference Martin...2-nd ICPMS Poprad 2018 10 CONFERENCE ROOM...

CONFERENCE BOOK

Poprad Slovakia 21-23 September 2018

Copyright© 2018 by Faculty of Pharmacy Jagiellonian University Medical

College & ZOZ Ośrodek UMEA SHINODA-KURACEJO

The initiators of organization of the first ICPMS CONFERENCE were:

Prof. UJ dr hab. Jacek SAPA, Prof. UJ dr hab. Bożena MUSZYŃSKA,

Prof. UJ dr hab. Włodzimierz OPOKA

Chief Editor

Bożena MUSZYŃSKA

Cover design

Bożena MUSZYŃSKA

Jacek LELEK

Typeset

Joanna PIOTROWSKA

Katarzyna SUŁKOWSKA-ZIAJA

Marek BEDNARSKI

Published by ZOZ Ośrodek UMEA SHINODA-KURACEJO

31-851 Kraków, os. Albertyńskie 1-2, Poland

[email protected]

ISBN 978-83-946124-3-6

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PART I

INTRODUCTION

COMMITTEES

SPONSORS

LETTERS

PROGRAMME

2-nd ICPMS Poprad 2018

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HONORARY SUPPORT

Vice-Rector of the Jagiellonian University for the Medical College

Prof. dr hab. Tomasz GRODZICKI

SUPPORT

Dean of the Faculty of Pharmacy Jagiellonian University Medical College

Prof. UJ dr hab. Jacek SAPA

Dean of the Jessenius Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University of

Bratislava Prof. Ján DANKO, M.D., PhD.

Dean of the Faculty of Health Sciences Jagiellonian University

Medical College Prof. dr hab. Tomasz BRZOSTEK

Dean of the Faculty of Medicine Jagiellonian University

Medical College Prof. dr hab. Maciej MAŁECKI

President of the Polish Pharmaceutical Society

Prof. dr hab. Janusz PLUTA

President of the Polish Chamber of Physicians

Prof. dr hab. Andrzej MATYJA

Chair of the Supreme Pharmaceutical Council

Mgr Elżbieta PIOTROWSKA-RUTKOWSKA

MAIN ORGANIZERS

Jagiellonian University Medical College, Faculty of Pharmacy; Polish

Pharmaceutical Society (the Kraków Branch); STOP Illegal

Pharmaceuticals Association for Health Protection and The Rule of Law;

Polish Chamber of Physicians; Regional Pharmaceutical Chamber in

Kraków

SCIENTIFIC COMMITTEE

Prof. dr hab. Dariusz ADAMEK – President; Prof. UJ dr hab. Bożena

MUSZYŃSKA – Vice-President; Dr Marek BEDNARSKI – Secretary


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Members of Scientific Committee

Prof. dr hab. Marek Sanak; Prof. UJ dr hab. Jacek SAPA, Prof. Gabriela

NOSÁĹOVÁ, M.D., D.Sc.; Prof. dr hab. Anna WESOŁOWSKA;

Prof. dr hab. Gabriel NOWAK; Prof. dr hab. Jolanta PYTKO-

POLOŃCZYK; Prof. dr hab. Małgorzata SCHLEGEL-ZAWADZKA;

Prof. dr hab. Tomasz BRZOZOWSKI; Prof. dr hab. Andrzej PILC;

Prof. dr hab. Zbigniew FIJAŁEK; Prof. dr hab. Ewa POLESZAK; Prof.

dr hab. Edmund GRZEŚKOWIAK; Dr hab. Maria WALCZAK;

Dr hab. Joanna GDULA-ARGASIŃSKA

ORGANIZING COMMITTEE

Prof. UJ dr hab. Bożena MUSZYŃSKA – President; Prof. dr hab.

Włodzimierz OPOKA – Vice-President; Dr Katarzyna SUŁKOWSKA-

ZIAJA – Secretary; Dr hab. Małgorzata ZYGMUNT – Treasurer; Dr

Joanna PIOTROWSKA – Coordinator of Organizing Committee

Members of Organizing Committee

Dr Marek BEDNARSKI; Dr Barbara JĘKOT; Dr Piotr

KACZMARCZYK; Mgr Katarzyna KAŁA; Jan LAZUR; Dr Agata

KRYCZYK; Oliwia Sara SIOMAK; Dr Robert STĘPIEŃ; Dr Jerzy

SZEWCZYŃSKI; Dr Jerzy SKUCIŃSKI

JURY FOR THE BEST PRESENTATION OF YOUNG

SCIENTISTS

Prof. dr hab. Zbigniew FIJAŁEK; Dr Gerhard MIKOLAICZIK;

Prof. dr hab. Jolanta PYTKO-POLOŃCZYK; Prof. dr hab. Małgorzata

SCHLEGEL-ZAWADZKA; Prof. dr hab. Anna WESOŁOWSKA


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SPONSORS

Marszałek

Województwa

Małopolskiego


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LETTER FROM DEAN OF THE FACULTY OF

PHARMACY JAGIELLONIAN UNIVERSITY

MEDICAL COLLEGE

Dear Colleagues,

I would like welcome you all to the 2nd International Conference on

Pharmaceutical and Medical Sciences.

This conference will be very good platform for discussions about a lot

scientific problems in pharmacy and medicine.

The Faculty of Pharmacy at the Jagiellonian University is one of the

oldest faculties in Poland and also in Europe. The first Polish Chair of

Pharmacy and Medical Matter was established in 1783. So, we have a long

history.

Today in our Faculty of Pharmacy there are over 1000 students

studying pharmacy, medical analytics and cosmetology at Master’s and

PhD studies and industrial pharmacy, medical analytics, clinical studies of

pharmaceutical products and enology at postgraduate studies. Since this

year, we have opened a new field of study - Drug Discovery and

Development (DDD). We have a very good scientific staff and modern

scientific and teaching laboratories.

The Faculty of Pharmacy has been involved in the European

Association of Faculties of Pharmacy. Our Faculty also cooperates with

the District Chamber of Apothecaries and Pharmaceutical Inspectorate in

the scope of pharmaceutical training. The Faculty of Pharmacy has

achieved a high position in the parametric evaluation (A+) and possesses

accreditation of specializations.

In this year, like before, we were recognized again as the best field of

study – pharmacy – all over the country.

I wish the fruitful discussions, successful meeting and unforgettable

time in Poprad.

Sincerely,

Prof. UJ dr hab. Jacek Sapa


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LETTER FROM PRESIDENT OF THE

SCIENTIFIC COMMITTEE OF 2-ND ICPMS

POPRAD 2018

Our bodies are exposed to the uncountable hazardous or toxic

chemicals and elements present in our food, water, and air. The pollution

of the environment is a well-known culprit of dozens multifarious

diseases, though their pathomechanisms still not always are clear.

Awareness of the danger due to contamination of the environment

including not only air or water but also food increases, but still there is

lots of to do to improve the situation. And the situation itself becomes

more and more complicated. The market is flooded by diverse food

additives and diet supplements with unknown or poorly tested impact on

our health. Another potential source of danger is microbiological content

of food, air and water which includes new antibiotic-resistant strains of

bacteria, recombinant viruses, other microbes and prions or even prion-

like behaving proteins. A special category of dangerous and potentially

even lethal agents are fake medicines and pharmaceutical products and

diet additives that put our health to danger. As for the medicines,

situation is somewhat special, since nobody can deny that they must be

“toxic” as if by simple virtue of “drug”, and to have some, even serious

side effects, which is unavoidable. Nevertheless in this case, one has to

be sure that the inevitable risk of side effects is balanced with

unequivocal pharmacological activity of the agent. However an

enormous industry is flourishing which produce fake, counterfeited

medicines and other medical products which, being equally or even more

harmful that originals, show little or even no effectiveness.

To sum up, considering all the aforementioned dangers and the

necessity to enhance ways of counteraction it seems to be justified to

introduce a concept of “biomedical security”, which encompasses all

diverse methods to identify dangers to our health, all undertakings to

guard society and individuals against toxic and harmful agents and all

ways of counteractivity.


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We would like to make at least a little contribution into biomedical

security, in particular in the struggle to diminish risk related to toxic,

poisonous or in whichever way harmful constituents of food, medicines

and any pharmaceutical products and to create an opportunity to gain

better insight into ways and methods that can be used in unbiased

assessment of the real, objective impact of toxic constituents of

environment on our health organizing a conference: "Biomedical

Security – A Multi-disciplinary Approach For A Multifaceted Problem".

The particular aim of the conference is to present the current

research on potentially toxic components of drugs, food products, dietary

supplements and other pharmaceutical products used in medicine,

dietetics, veterinary medicine and cosmetology, their impact on the

environment and on the human health and to get better acquaintance of

the newest methodology that is or can be employed in the struggle for

better biomedical security.

We cordially invite anybody, who represents any of medical

professions, various medical and pharmaceutical disciplines and health

and biological sciences, who are interested in issues of broadly

understood biosecurity/biomedical security, as well as all who work on

whatever technology that is or can be applied in detection of poisonous,

toxic chemicals to participate in our conference.

Prof. dr hab. Dariusz Adamek


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CONFERENCE ROOM

Aquapark Poprad s.r.o.

Športová 1397/1

058 01 Poprad

Slovenská Republika

PROGRAMME

Friday, 21 September 2018

14.30‒15.00 Registration of the Participants

15.15‒15.30 Opening Ceremony

15.30‒16.30 Lecture session I

Presidents: prof. dr hab. Gabriel NOWAK, Prof. dr hab.

Roman NOWOBILSKI

15.30‒15.50 Prof. dr hab. Marek SANAK

Molecular forensic tools against medicinal products

forgery

15.50‒16.10 Prof. dr hab. Peter RAČAY

History and Present of Biomedical Center Martin

16.10‒16.30 Prof. dr hab. Zbigniew FIJAŁEK

Pharmaceutical crime - a deadly epidemic of the 21st

century

16.30‒16.45 Coffee break

16.45‒17.40 Lecture session II

Presidents: Prof. dr hab. Jolanta PYTKO-POLOŃCZYK,

Prof. dr hab. Károly BODNÁR

16.45‒17.05 Prof. dr hab. inż. Marek LANKOSZ


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Some hideous elements from the “elements” of Nature…

Analysis of toxic elements in human tissues and body

fluids with the use of synchrotron radiation

microspectroscopic techniques

17.05‒17.25 Ks. prof. dr hab. Zenon UCHNAST

To feel secure and safe: what does it really mean –

psychological aspects of social and individual security

17.25‒17.40 Dr Grzegorz BRZOSKOWSKI (Sanofi)

Counterfeit pharmaceutical products and illegal

distribution channels

19.00 Welcome party

Saturday, 22 September 2018

9.15‒10.15 Lecture session III & Short lectures

Presidents: Prof. dr hab. Małgorzata SCHLEGEL-

ZAWADZKA, Prof. dr hab. Dariusz ADAMEK

9.15‒9.30 Dr Gerhard MIKOLAICZIK

Intestine - a suitcase with a double bottom - research,

prevention, demands

9.30‒9.45 Dr Agnieszka POLOŃCZYK

Bioterrorism - a global challenge in the 21st Century.

Should we feel defenseless or protected?

9.45–9.55 Prof. dr hab. Károly BODNÁR

Prevention of coccidiosis with medicinal herbs as

natural coccidiostatics in rabbit production

9.55–10.05 Dr hab. Urszula KOSIKOWSKA

The presence of blaTEM genes in tonB-positive and tonB-

negative pasteurellaceae isolates from respiratory

microbiota


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10.05–10.15 Prof. dr hab. Roman NOWOBILSKI

Phantom phenomena, body scheme and level of limb

amputation. Efficiency of “mirror therapy”

10.15‒10.30 Coffee break

10.30‒12.30 Short presentations I

Presidents: Prof. dr hab. Anna WESOŁOWSKA,

Prof. dr hab. Peter RAČAY

12.30‒14.00 Lunch break

14.00‒15.30 Short presentations II

Presidents: Prof. dr hab. Małgorzata SCHLEGEL-

ZAWADZKA, Prof. dr hab. Marek W. LANKOSZ

15.45‒16.30 Jury proceeding

16.30‒18.00 Conference discussion with coffee

Sunday, 23 September 2018

9.00‒10.00 Closing Ceremony

PART II

LECTURES & SHORT LECTURES


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MOLECULAR FORENSIC TOOLS AGAINST MEDICINAL

PRODUCTS FORGERY

Marek Sanak

Division of Molecular Biology and Clinical Genetics

Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow, Poland

Counterfeit drugs is a public health issue because during last

decades this illegal activity affected 10-30% medicines sold in

developing countries and at least 1% in the industrialized ones. The total

annual market of counterfeit medicines reached 200 billion dollars.

Among the most frequently counterfeited were pharmacy beauty

products, e.g. Pfitzer’s ChapSticks or anti-malaria drugs sold in Africa.

According to WHO estimates 16% counterfeit drugs contain wrong

ingredient, a similar percentage has wrong level of active ingredients,

whereas 30% do not contain any active ingredient. A famous case of

counterfeit bevacizumab (Avastin) seized in 2012 did not contain this

biologics at all. Among measures taken to control counterfeit was to

stamp on every package of the drug unique codes and serial numbers,

which could help tracking its sells all around the world. Some other

actions taken against their trafficking were recommendations of Food

and Drug Administration (2011) to use physical-chemical identifiers

(PCIDs) in solid oral dosage forms (SODFs) and RFID tags with

encoded data to confirm the supply chain. This year, by international

ratification the use of uniform 2-dimensional data-matrix labels on any

medicinal was imposed to be effective in Europe from February 2019.

However, molecular tags based on artificial and unique short double

stranded DNA sequences seems one of promising solutions to protect

medicines against forgery.

Most commonly the identity and quantification of the active

pharmaceutical ingredient (API) is accomplished by HPLC. SODFs

require dissolution before the test. Since average cost of a single sample

pharmacopeial analysis in WHO-prequalified laboratory exceeds 1500


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dollars, there is a need for less expensive solutions applicable in

developing countries. Two currently used approaches are near-infrared

Raman spectroscopy, with a hand-held instrument available, or thin-

layer chromatography mini-lab. Using the Minilab provided by the

Global Pharma Health Found, samples of antibacterial or anti-malaria

drugs were readily screened on site in Africa to reveal counterfeit

batches with no API, API content between 7.1-81% or dissolution failure

of SODFs. Among these counterfeit were antibiotics (amoxycilline),

anti-malaria dihydroartemisinin, chloroquine or quinine manufactured in

China, India, Cyprus but also in United Kingdom.

Since falsifying drugs is a profitable crime, there is urgent need to

establish anti-fraud screening, which can test drugs whenever a new

manufacturer or distribution channel is established. Detection of DNA

tags admixed to the drug and providing unique signature, alike private

key in the protection of encrypted data, would cost much less and bind

the product to the manufacturer. Usage of common technology of DNA

amplification and mini-sequencing, affordable and verified in detection

of GMO food admixtures is suggested. This kind of prevention could

avoid many casualties due to counterfeit drugs.


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HISTORY AND PRESENT OF BIOMEDICAL CENTER MARTIN

Peter Račay, Erika Halašová, Kamil Javorka, Zora Lasabová,

Gabriela Nosáľová

Biomedical Center, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University,

Martin, Slovakia

Biomedical Center Jessenius Faculty of Medicine Comenius

University Martin (BioMed JFM CU Martin) was established in May

2015 within the projects co-financed from EU sources and European

Regional Development Fund (ITMS code 26220220187).

The BioMed objectives:

• to capture the progressive trends in science,

• to promote concentration of scientific teams,

• to avoid the inefficiency and fragmentation in research,

• to ensure a close connection between experimental results and their

application in clinical practice,

• to strengthen the position of JFMED CU both in domestic as well as

international context.

Recently, BioMed Martin is one of the leading institutes in Slovak

Republic for biomedical basic and translation research. Daily, more than

50 young scientists under supervision of the project leaders investigate

molecules, cells and whole organisms in order to achieve a deeper

understanding of the molecular basis of diseases of nervous and

respiratory systems as well as malignant diseases. The scientists at the

BioMed are laying the foundation for the development of new strategies

in the diagnostics and treatment of mentioned diseases. In addition,

scientific activity is focused on the biomedical and molecular principles

of regenerative medicine. Structure of BioMed comprises four

independent but collaborating Divisions (Molecular medicine,

Neuroscience, Oncology and Respirology) with a strong scientific

infrastructure. Each Division is divided to Departments that include

functional laboratories. Finally, Central animal house is also part of


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BioMed Martin. Current scientific projects of BioMed Martin are

focused on genomics, epigenetics and transcriptomics of gynaecologic

malignancies and colorectal cancer; respiratory distress syndrome of

new-borns and mechanisms of cough; molecular mechanisms of

proliferation and differentiation of selected stem and tumour cells and

application of stem cells in regenerative medicine; mechanisms of

neurodegeneration associated with Parkinson disease, ischemia-

reperfusion injury, sclerosis multiplex; regulation of cardiovascular

system by autonomous nervous system associated with obesity,

metabolic diseases and mental stress.

In conclusion, BioMed Martin is modern and open biomedical

research institute with a strong personal and scientific infrastructure that

is loaded in favour of the domestic and international scientific

collaboration.

This work was supported by the project Biomedical Center Martin (ITMS:

26220220187) co-financed from EU sources.


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PHARMACEUTICAL CRIME – A DEADLY EPIDEMIC OF THE

21ST CENTURY

Zbigniew Fijałek1, 2

1 Department of Bioanalysis and Drug Analysis, Faculty of Pharmacy, Warsaw

Medical University 2 "STOP Illegal Pharmaceuticals" Association For Health Protection And The

Rule Of Law

Pharmaceutical crime is a serious public health problem that puts

human lives at risks, causes direct harm to patients and undermines

people’s confidence in the entire health system; affecting the reputation

of manufacturers, wholesalers, pharmacists, doctors, private organisation

and governments alike. The criminal market for counterfeit medicines

was estimated to be worth approximately EUR 120 billion in 2017.

Counterfeiting affects all medical products: medicines,

pharmaceutical ingredients, medical devices, diagnostics and dietary

supplements (including products containing false information about the

composition, origin, effects, usage and history). All types of medicines

are being falsified: lifestyle medicines, doping substances, cheap or

expensive medicines such as those for the treatment of AIDS and cancer.

There is also an increase illicit traffic of illegal or stolen medicines. The

consequence of the use of falsified products can be extremely dramatic.

Falsified medicines can kill either through direct poisoning or by not

treating a life-threatening disease. There are also more and more data

about hospitalisations and deaths of people who used preparations of

unknown origin, purchased from online offers and turnovers outside

legal pharmaceutical supply chain (eg. oriental medicine clinics, sex

shops, gyms), where no one asks for prescription and informs about the

adverse effects or interactions with other medical products.

The online sale of medicines took off in the early 2000s and,

although various platforms have been used, online pharmacies have been

a primary source of distribution. In the early days, the most popular


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products to be supplied on the web were natural and herbal medicinal

products, smoking cessation aids, and beauty and sexual performance

enhancement products. More recently, the market for enhancement drugs

such as muscle builders, diet pills and sunless self-tanning sprays has

been expanding and there have been reports of cancer drugs and stem

cells being marketed over the internet. The central role of the internet in

facilitating and enhancing this global market is widely acknowledged,

posing an increased threat to public health. According to the WHO,

FDA, Interpol and Alliance of Safe Online Pharmacy (ASOP EU; 2018

Report), around 50% to 90% of the medicines and dietary supplements

sold online from illegal sites concealing their physical identity are

counterfeits. Internet provides the ideal channel to buy illegally

distributed fake medicines. Price, convenience and secrecy have driven

consumer demand, creating the perfect environment for over 35000

illegally operating websites.

At the European level, there is not a common legislative approach to

tackling the problem of counterfeit medicines and dietary supplements

containing undeclared active pharmaceutical ingredients or their analogs.

These products present still an ongoing challenge to analysts,

toxicologists, and law enforcement agencies. To effectively combat the

problems associated with pharmaceutical crime, a collective effort needs

to be in place from pharmaceutical scientists, health professionals, and

law enforcement authorities.


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SOME HIDEOUS ELEMENTS FROM THE “ELEMENTS” OF

NATURE… ANALYSIS OF TOXIC ELEMENTS IN HUMAN

TISSUES AND BODY FLUIDS WITH THE USE OF

SYNCHROTRON RADIATION MICROSPECTROSCOPIC

TECHNIQUES

Marek W. Lankosz

AGH University of Science and Technology, Faculty of Physics and Applied

Computer Sciences, al. Mickiewicza 30, 30-059 Kraków, Poland

In antiquity it was thought that the elements are simple substances.

In accordance to Greek philosopher’s water, fire, air, earth and ether

were counted to them. These five elements connect everything on our

planet. Though their origin continues to be a mystery, they remain

integral to life and its evolution. Democritus defined the element as an

indivisible part of matter. The evolution of our planet is not yet fully

understood, but it is known that everything began with “Big Bang”. The

nucleosynthesis and nuclear reactions caused by neutrons created all

elements in the Universe.

According to the current state of knowledge, it is known that many

elements determine the proper functioning of living organisms and must

be delivered to them with diet. The elements in physiological terms can

be classified as elements necessary for the life (bio elements), neutral

elements without which metabolic reactions can normally occur and

toxic elements having a harmful effect on the human body. Different

studies from around the world have shown that minerals and trace

elements can prevent and treat various disorders. Up to now, some

sixteen toxic elements in our environment have been identified, of which

lead, cadmium, nickel, mercury and aluminum are the most prevalent.

Many elements present in the human body play an important role in

the pathophysiology of cancer and neurodegeneration. Molecular

medicine requires the use of methods that enable the monitoring of

biochemical processes and interactions of elements in tissues involved in

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the neoplastic processes and neurodegeneration. Synchrotron X-ray

fluorescence micro spectroscopy (SRXRF), was used to study the

elemental composition in brain and ovarian tissues. The studies showed

that the elemental composition of tissues differs and are depending on

the pathological processes. The obtained results enable us for better

understanding of metabolic processes in neoplastic disease and

neurodegeneration processes and may be useful in histopathological

diagnostics.

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4. Golasik M., Wrobel P., Olbert M., Nowak B., Czyzycki M., Librowski T.,

Lankosz M., Piekoszewski W., Biometals 2016, 29 iss. 3, 487–494.

https://pl.pons.com/tłumaczenie/angielski-polski/thehttps://pl.pons.com/tłumaczenie/angielski-polski/neoplastichttps://pl.pons.com/tłumaczenie/angielski-polski/processhttps://pl.pons.com/tłumaczenie/angielski-polski/Synchrotronhttps://pl.pons.com/tłumaczenie/angielski-polski/X-rayhttps://pl.pons.com/tłumaczenie/angielski-polski/fluorescencehttps://pl.pons.com/tłumaczenie/angielski-polski/SRXRFhttps://pl.pons.com/tłumaczenie/angielski-polski/sedhttps://pl.pons.com/tłumaczenie/angielski-polski/tohttps://pl.pons.com/tłumaczenie/angielski-polski/studyhttps://pl.pons.com/tłumaczenie/angielski-polski/thehttps://pl.pons.com/tłumaczenie/angielski-polski/elementalhttps://pl.pons.com/tłumaczenie/angielski-polski/compositionhttps://pl.pons.com/tłumaczenie/angielski-polski/inhttps://pl.pons.com/tłumaczenie/angielski-polski/rainhttps://pl.pons.com/tłumaczenie/angielski-polski/andhttps://pl.pons.com/tłumaczenie/angielski-polski/ovarianhttps://pl.pons.com/tłumaczenie/angielski-polski/tissueshttps://pl.pons.com/tłumaczenie/angielski-polski/Thehttps://pl.pons.com/tłumaczenie/angielski-polski/studieshttps://pl.pons.com/tłumaczenie/angielski-polski/showedhttps://pl.pons.com/tłumaczenie/angielski-polski/thathttps://pl.pons.com/tłumaczenie/angielski-polski/thehttps://pl.pons.com/tłumaczenie/angielski-polski/elementalhttps://pl.pons.com/tłumaczenie/angielski-polski/compositionhttps://pl.pons.com/tłumaczenie/angielski-polski/ofhttps://pl.pons.com/tłumaczenie/angielski-polski/tissueshttps://pl.pons.com/tłumaczenie/angielski-polski/dependinghttps://pl.pons.com/tłumaczenie/angielski-polski/onhttps://pl.pons.com/tłumaczenie/angielski-polski/thehttps://pl.pons.com/tłumaczenie/angielski-polski/Thehttps://pl.pons.com/tłumaczenie/angielski-polski/obtainedhttps://pl.pons.com/tłumaczenie/angielski-polski/resultshttps://pl.pons.com/tłumaczenie/angielski-polski/enablehttps://pl.pons.com/tłumaczenie/angielski-polski/etterhttps://pl.pons.com/tłumaczenie/angielski-polski/nderstandinghttps://pl.pons.com/tłumaczenie/angielski-polski/ofhttps://pl.pons.com/tłumaczenie/angielski-polski/metabolichttps://pl.pons.com/tłumaczenie/angielski-polski/processeshttps://pl.pons.com/tłumaczenie/angielski-polski/inhttps://pl.pons.com/tłumaczenie/angielski-polski/andhttps://pl.pons.com/tłumaczenie/angielski-polski/mayhttps://pl.pons.com/tłumaczenie/angielski-polski/behttps://pl.pons.com/tłumaczenie/angielski-polski/sefulhttps://pl.pons.com/tłumaczenie/angielski-polski/inhttps://pl.pons.com/tłumaczenie/angielski-polski/histopathologicalhttps://pl.pons.com/tłumaczenie/angielski-polski/diagnostics


22

TO FEEL SECURE AND SAFE: WHAT DOES IT REALLY

MEAN – PSYCHOLOGICAL ASPECTS OF SOCIAL

AND INDIVIDUAL SECURITY

Zenon Uchnast

Jesuit University Ignatianum in Kraków, Institute of Psychology, Kopernika 26,

31-501 Kraków, Poland

Abraham Maslow (1908-1970) can still inspire to the search of the

real sense of the individual and the social sense of safety. I would like to

present three Maslow's exploratory approaches. The first Maslow’s

original exploratory question was about psychopatho-genesis: “What

makes people neurotic?”. Maslow’s answer on this question is in

“Motivation and personality” (1954), that neurosis seemed at its core,

and in its beginning, to be a deficiency disease. Finally he assumed that

most neuroses involved ungratified basic needs for safety,

belongingness, close love relationships, and for respect and prestige.

Then, the identification of pre-conditions for satisfaction of these needs

was very important in the area of Maslow’s growth theory as well.

In the second approach presented in “Toward a psychology of

being” (1962) Maslow pointed out the growth-motivated and self-

actualizing individual, assuming that every human being has both sets of

forces within him. One set clings to safety and defensiveness out of fear,

the other set of forces impels him forward toward wholeness of Self and

uniqueness of Self, toward full functioning of all his capacities, toward

confidence in the face of the external world. Therefore he assumed the

process of healthy growth to be a never ending series of free choice

situations, confronting each individual at every point throughout his life,

in which he must choose between the delights of safety and growth,

dependence and independence, regression and progression, immaturity

and maturity. Then, in that situations safety could have both anxieties

and delights, and growth could have both anxieties and delights as well.

However, in the last chapter of this monograph Maslow (1962, p. 190)

sincerely confesses: “Though, in principle, self-actualization is easy, in


23

practice it rarely happens (by my criteria, certainly in less than 1% of the

adult population)”.

The third approach to the process of the safe and healthy growth

Maslow (1964) assumed in the paper “Synergy in the society and in the

individual” (1964). Synergic self-actualization is understood as

individual achievement in the ability to express and actualize one’s

potential through adequate participation and cooperation in interpersonal

and social relationships. Z. Uchnast’s Self-Actualization Styles

Questionnaire (2000, 2010) and included in it the structural scale of

Synergic self-actualization could be used as the measurement instrument

of individual differences in the bipolar dimension: synergic proactivity

and growth – safety and defensiveness.


24

COUNTERFEIT PHARMACEUTICAL PRODUCTS AND

ILLEGAL DISTRIBUTION CHANNELS

Grzegorz Brzoskowski

Security Director CEE/Nordic, SANOFI/Genzyme/Pasteur/Nepentes, Warsaw,

Poland

Sanofi has been involved for nearly 10 years in preventing and

fighting fake medicines. Since 2008, a Sanofi laboratory in Tours,

France has analyzed suspected counterfeit products and has improved

knowledge of counterfeit medicines around the world. Counterfeiting

medication is very profitable for organize crime groups, they take

advantage of the good reputation of products and brands that brand

owners established.

Current supply channels and organize crime activity in Europe and

Middle East and the examples of dismantling medicines trafficking

networks worldwide.


25

INTESTINE A SUITCASE WITH A DOUBLE BOTTOM

RESEARCH, PREVENTION, DEMANDS

Gerhard Mikolaiczik

International Research Group of Apllied Preventive Medicine

Währinger Str. 63 A-1090 Wien, Austria

The development of preventive medicine and biological sciences let

us have a better and better understanding of the relations of intestine and

microbiota with metabolism, immunology, mental condition, skin

condition, child development, cognitive skills, depression, metabolic

disorders. Intestinal microbiota has a significant influence on human

health. It modulates immune response, provides the body with vitamins,

takes part in food digestion, supplies energy-producing short-chain fatty

acids to intestinal epithelium, and stimulates intestinal peristalsis.

The microbiome also plays a significant role in xenobiotic

detoxification. Changes in the microbiome are causative agents of some

diseases such as obesity, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, diabetes,

coronary disease, tumours, allergies, and skin diseases. One of the

significant intestinal disorders is also a leaky gut syndrome – a well-

documented phenomenon which contributes even to obesity in youth.

In the past, it was believed that a few “good” strains of bacteria are

enough to restore the intestine to the right condition. Nowadays we know

that such belief is far from truth. The capabilities of microorganisms

living in the intestine to manipulate human brain and metabolism are

surprising: from aggression-causing toxins to lignans pretending human

signal molecules.

In the light of new research, the most important parameters of

a good condition of a healthy intestine, which seems to be the “health

guard”, are biodiversity, the right pH, integrity of mucous membranes,

a proper Firmicutes/Bacteroides ratio, the presence of a sufficient

number of butyrate-producing bacteria, immunogenic bacteria, oxalate-

decomposing bacteria, bacteria stabilizing the intestinal environment,

absence of histamine and histamine-producing bacteria in the intestine,

and normal inflammatory markers. The thesis which is the easiest to


26

verify but extremely important for a healthy intestine is a proposal to

limit the desired pH value in faeces to the range of 6-6.5.

References

1. P.C. Konturek et al., J Physiol Pharmacol 2015, 66, 4, 483-491.

2. Küme T. et al., J Clin Res Pediatr Endocrinol 2017, 9(1), 31–38.

3. Fasano A., Am J Clin Nutr 2017, 105, 3–4.

4. Fasano A., Physiol Rev 2011, 91, 151–75.

5. Louis J. Cohen et al., Nature 2017, 7, 48–53.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28854168


27

BIOTERRORISM – A GLOBAL CHALLENGE IN THE 21ST

CENTURY. SHOULD WE FEEL DEFENSELESS OR

PROTECTED?

Agnieszka Polończyk

Institute of Security Education and Civil Education, Pedagogical University of

Kraków, Poland

The aim of the paper is to present the phenomenon of bioterrorism

which is a form of terrorism that involves the intentional release or

dissemination of biological agents like bacteria, viruses, toxins or fungi.

Using biological weapon, in naturally occurring or in a human-modified

form, can lead to many illnesses, disability or even death of people,

animals, or plants. It is also worth mentioning, that pathogenic germs can

be transmitted by means of missiles, aerial bombs, containers or letter

items. Bioterrorist attacks are difficult to detect, because microorganisms

are easy to hide and transport, and even a small number of them is

dangerous and effective. Important is, that nowadays, the risk of

biological attacks increases, but there is still little awareness about the

phenomenon of bioterrorism among many of the societies.

In the first part of the paper, the term of bioterrorism will be defined

and the history of this phenomenon will be brought closer. Interesting is,

that the history of the use of biological weapons goes back to ancient

times, however the greatest development of biological weapons is to be

observed in the period of the Second World War and in the post-war

times. Then, the classification of the biological threats according to the

American Center for Disease Control and Prevention will be pointed.

Particular attention will be paid to the characteristic features of

a bioterrorist attack and the procedures in the case of its occurrence on

the example of Poland. Finally, an attempt will be made to answer the

question, how to prevent and counteract the bioterrorist attack and if the

real threat of bioterrorism really occurs.


28

References

1. Barras V., Greub G., Clin Microbiol Infect 2014, 20, 497–502.

2. Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Bioterrorism Overview,

https://www.cdc.gov.

3. Chomiczewski K., Przegl Epidemiol 2003, 57, 363–368.

4. Khan A.S., Swerdlow D. L., Juranek D. D., Public Health Rep 2001, 116 (1),

3–14.

5. Prakash N., Sharada P., Pradeep G.L., J Forensic Dent Sci 2010, 2(2), 59–

62.


29

PREVENTION OF COCCIDIOSIS WITH MEDICINAL HERBS

AS NATURAL COCCIDIOSTATICS IN RABBIT PRODUCTION

Károly Bodnár

Faculty of Agricultural and Economic Studies, Szent Istvan University,

Szabadsag 1-3. H-5540 Szarvas, Hungary

In meat rabbit production coccidiosis caused by Eimeria species is

a serious animal health, production, management and economic problem.

The disease can be prevented by medicated feed (coccidiostat drugs),

which may cause the resistance of the parasites; vaccines are exist, but

they are too expensive for rabbit farming. A lot of researches were made

on the use of medicinal herbs as an alternative way of reduction of

oocyst number. Recent paper is a short literature based summary on the

prophylaxis of coccidiosis with natural plant materials. The most

frequently researched plants are genus Thymus, genus Origanum, genus

Artemisia, Allium sativum, Allium cepa, Salvia officinalis, Nigella sativa,

Matricaria chamomilla, Rosmarinus officinalis, Commifora molmol,

Sophora flavescens, Sideritis scardica, Sinapis alba, Curcuma longa,

Musa paradisiaca. The application of herbs can take several forms: oral

administration in the feed pellet or with the drinking water; the whole

dried plant or parts of it (leaves, flowers, roots) and often the essential oil

extracts are used. The use of essential oils makes possible a more precise

dosage, but it is more expensive. Dried herbs can be used easier in

practice. The relative high concentration (1-5%) and the comparatively

strong bitter tastes of them usually do not have negative effect on the

palatability of rabbit feed. The authors state that the examined herbal

additives to prevent coccidiosis can reduce the number of oocysts with

the provision of adequate nutrition and good hygienic condition. Further

positive effects of the examined medicinal herbs are also reported.

Increased daily weight gain and reduced mortality was observed. Some

of the preparations which have also bactericidal or fungicidal effects

seem more suitable for prevention. There are no harmful drug residues in


30

the carcass and the faeces or urine of rabbits. If the rabbit meat contains

residues of essential oils, it will make the meat tastier because some of

the examined plants (thyme, oregano, garlic) are traditional seasonings

of the meals from rabbit.


31

THE PRESENCE OF blaTEM GENES IN tonB-POSITIVE AND

tonB-NEGATIVE PASTEURELLACEAE ISOLATES FROM

RESPIRATORY MICROBIOTA

Urszula Kosikowska1, Edyta Chwiejczak1, Patrycja Mrozik2,

Artur Niedzielski3, Anna Malm1

1 Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology with Laboratory for

Microbiological Diagnostics, Medical University of Lublin, Chodzki 1,

Lublin, Poland

2 Students Scientific Association at the Department of Pharmaceutical

Microbiology with Laboratory for Microbiological Diagnostics, Medical

University of Lublin, Chodźki 1, Lublin, Poland 3 Otoneurology Lab, Medical University of Lublin, Gebali 6, Lublin, Poland

The tonB protein (coded by the tonB gene) in TonB systems of

Gram-negative bacteria is very important for active transport of iron and

other specific substrates, e.g. vitamins, into the periplasmic space [1,2].

It is essential for the growth and pathogenesis of these microorganisms

in the host body, where iron is limited. Only some haemophili species

(Pasteurellaceae), representing the respiratory microbiota components,

posses the tonB gene coding TonB protein, which is the known virulence

factor of Haemophilus influenzae. The aim of this study was to detect the

presence of blaTEM gene encoding beta-lactamases production with and

without tonB gene in Haemophilus spp. and Aggregatibacter spp.

isolated from respiratory microbiota.

The study included 27 randomly selected isolates from the

Pasteurellaceae family: H. influenzae (2), H. haemolyticus (3), H.

parainfluenzae (16) i Aggregatibacter aphrophilus (6) identified on the

basis of protein profile using MALDI-TOF MS technique. The tonB and

blaTEM genes were detected by PCR method. The antimicrobial

sensitivity was detected on the basis of MIC (minimal inhibitory

concentration) using gradient-diffusion method.


32

Among the tested Pasteurellaceae species tonB gene was detected

in H. influenzae, H. haemolyticus, H. parainfluenzae and A. aphrophilus

isolates. The blaTEM gene occurred in H. influenzae, H. parainfluenzae

and A. aphrophilus isolates. Either tonB and blaTEM genes occurred in

total of 5/27 (18.5%) isolates (2 H. influenzae, 2 H. parainfluenzae

and 1 A. aphrophilus). These bacteria were mainly resistant or in less

level the intermediate to ampicilin and cefuroxime according to

EUCAST categories.

The presence of a blaTEM and tonB gene among Pasteurellaceae

isolates within respiratory microbiota may increase their virulence and

have the effect on the occurrence of therapeutic problems due to

production of beta-lactams inactivating enzymes.

References

1. Koebnik R., Trends Microbiol 2005, 13, 343–347.

2. Reeves S.A. et al., Infect Immun. 2000, 68, 6329–6336 .


33

PHANTOM PHENOMENA, BODY SCHEME AND LEVEL OF

LIMB AMPUTATION. EFFICIENCY OF “MIRROR THERAPY”

Roman Nowobilski1, Tomasz Włoch2, Aneta Pirowska3,

Arkadiusz Berwecki2, Sławomir Szczupacki4

1 Jagiellonian University Medical College, Faculty of Public Health, Krakow,

Poland 2 University School of Physical Education, Krakow, Poland

3 Institut Robert Merle d'Aubigné, Artificial Limb Centre (CRA – Centre de

Reeducation et d'Appareillage), Valenton, France 4 Orthopaedic Laboratory, Kraków, Poland

About 70% of the amputees will sooner or later experience phantom

phenomena. Phantom sensations and phantom pain may occur

immediately after the limb amputation or many months, even years later.

One of the factors affecting the intensity of phantom phenomena is

height of limb amputation.

The aim of the study was to assess the relationship between height

of limb amputation and the type of phantom phenomena. The benefits of

mirror therapy and early introduction of prosthesis and applying

functional prosthesis were tested. The study included 45 adults after

single or multiple-limb amputations: 35 men and 10 women. The mean

age was 68,24 ± 13.9 years. No sex differences in age (p = 0.226).

The pilot study used a survey questionnaire, numerical scale and McGill

Pain Questionnaire.

The relationships were demonstrated between the height of limb

amputation, age and the intensity of phantom phenomena (rho=-31,

p

34

PART III

SHORT PRESENTATIONS


35

HYPOTENSIVE, ANTIARRHYTMIC AND α1-ADRENOLYTIC

ACTIVITY OF THE NEW ARRYLPIPERAZINE DERIVATIVES

OF 5,5-DIMETHYLPHYDANTOIN

Małgorzata Belczyk1, Joanna Knutelska1, Małgorzata Zygmunt1,

Marek Bednarski1, Adrian Bryła1, Jadwiga Handzlik2,

Magdalena Kotańska1, Jacek Sapa1

1 Department of Pharmacological Screening, Chair of Pharmacodynamics

2 Department of Technology and Biotechnology of Medicinal Products,

Jagiellonian University Medical College, Medyczna 9, 30-688 Kraków, Poland

The arylpiperazine group is an important structural element of α1-

adrenergic receptor ligands. It occurs in the structure of many chemical

compounds and also in the structure of some drugs affect the

symphatetic nervous system. Drugs having an arylpiperazine group in

their structure are for example naphthopidil and urapidil, which have

significant α1-adrenolytic activity. It is the reason why they are used in

the pharmacotherapy of cardiovascular diseases (1-4).

A series of new arylpiperazine derivatives of 5,5-dimethylhydantoin

has been synthesized and evaluated for effects on the normal rat

electrocardiogram in vivo, antiarrhythmic activity in the adrenaline

arrhythmia model, antihypertensive activity and affinity for α1-

adrenergic receptors. Pharmacological studies have shown that all tested

compounds have affinity for the α1-adrenergic receptors, however MG-

15 compund (Ki=12,7 nM) displaced 3H-prazosin in the rat cortex the

most. Only the MG-15 compound completely protected animals from the

onset of post-adrenaline disorders - bradycardia, bigeminia,

atrioventricular blocks, extrasystoles and before death. The calculated

ED50 value of the MG-15 compound in this arrythmia model was 0,21

mg/kg, while the ED50 value of the Urapidil (reference compound) was

1,041 mg/kg.

Assessing the effect of arylpiperazine hydantoin derivatives on

blood pressure in a normotensive rat after intravenous administration, it


36

was found that MG-15 compound had the strongest hypotensive effect

(similar to the reference compound – Urapidil).

The obtained results of pharmacological studies indicate that among

the new arylpiperazine derivatives of hydantoin the compound with

a very strong hypotensive and antiarrhythmic effect (stronger than

Urapidyl) and with an affinity for α1-adrenergic receptors was selected.

Hypotensive and antiarrhythmic activity of this compound may arise

from the blockade of the α1-adrenergic receptor.

References

1. Malawska B. et al., Eur J Med Chem 2002, 37, 183–195.

2. Kulig K. et al., Eur J Med Chem 2004, 44, 3994–4003.

3. Muramatsu I., Yamanaka K ., Kigoshi S., Jap J Pharmacol 1991, 55, 391–

398.

4. Kubacka M. et al., Eur J Pharmacol 2013, 698, 335–344.

The research was financed from the statutory research project No.

K/ZDS/005548.


37

THE ANALYSIS OF ABILITY OF BIOFILM FORMATION IN

VITRO AND GRF10 GENE EXPRESSION IN CANDIDA

ALBICANS ISOLATED FROM ORAL CAVITY

Anna Biernasiuk1, Rafał Sawicki2, Radosław Siwiec1, Anna Malm1


Microbiological Diagnostics, Medical University of Lublin, Chodźki 1,

20-093 Lublin, Poland 2 Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Medical University of Lublin,

Chodźki 1, 20-093 Lublin, Poland

The number of fungal infections, caused especially by commensal

yeast species belonging to Candida spp., mainly Candida albicans, has

progressively increased during last years. C. albicans and other Candida

species are present in the oral cavity of up to 75% of the population.

Under predisposing conditions these microorganisms may cause

endogenous infections called as candidiases [1]. Several factors may

contribute to the pathogenic potential of Candida spp. Among them, the

ability of biofilm formation play an important role in the candidiases

pathogenesis [2]. The biofilm formation by C. albicans is determined by

the expression of several genes, e.g. grf10 (Growth-regulating factor

10), involved in filamentous growth of yeasts [3]. The aim of this study

was to analyze the expression of grf10 gene during biofilm formation by

C. albicans strains colonizing the oral cavity.

A total of 31 C. albicans strains isolated from oral cavity of patients

with hepatitis C were studied. Biofilm formation was examined during

the stationary culture in vitro in 96-well polystyrene microplates with

a 0.1 % crystal violet. The prevalence of grf10 gene and its expression

analysis was studied, using the PCR and qPCR reactions, respectively.

For relative quantification of transcript levels, target gene was

normalized to the housekeeping gene tef1. PCR reactions were

performed with LightCycler® 480 thermal cycler (Roche).


38

It was found that 27 (87.10%) C. albicans strains showed the ability

to biofilm formation. Among them, 10 (32.26%) strains formed biofilm

strongly. In these strains grf10 gene was detected. During biofilm

formation by them the total RNA was isolated and relative expression of

grf10 gene was measured after 48 h and 72 h. In some C. albicans strains

five to ten times increase of relative expression of grf10 gene could be

noticed, while in others the amount of grf10 transcript was lower in

comparison to calibrator.

These data indicate that expression of grf10 gene in C. albicans

seems to be rather strain-dependent and to be correlated with expression

of other genes involved in biofilm formation. This requires further

studies with the usage of RNA sequencing allowing to compare the

entire transcriptome of different strains.

References

1. Millsop J.W., Clin Dermatol. 2016, 34, 487–494.

2. Gulati M., Microbes Infect 2016, 18, 310–321.

3. Ghosh A.K., FEMS Yeast Res 2015, 15 (8), pii: fov093.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/?term=Ghosh%20AK%5BAuthor%5D&cauthor=true&cauthor_uid=26472755https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26472755


39

IS THE INHIBITION OF ALDEHYDE DEHYDROGENASE BY

DISULFIRAM PREVENTED OR REVERSED BY LIPOIC ACID

AND DIHYDROLIPOIC ACID IN VITRO? DOES LIPOIC ACID

ALLEVIATE THE TOXICITY OF THE CONCOMITANT USE

OF ETHANOL AND DISULFIRAM IN RATS?

Anna Bilska-Wilkosz1, Magdalena Kotańska2, Magdalena Górny1,

Małgorzata Iciek1, Danuta Kowalczyk-Pachel1, Inga Kwiecień3,

Barbara Filipek2

1 Chair of Medical Biochemistry, Jagiellonian University Medical College,

7 Kopernika Street, 31-034 Kraków, Poland 2 Chair of Pharmacodynamics, Jagiellonian University Medical College,

Medyczna 9, 30-688 Kraków, Poland 3 Chair and Department of Pharmaceutical Botany, Jagiellonian University

Medical College, Medyczna 9, 30-688 Kraków, Poland

The inhibition of aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH) by disulfiram

(DSF) in vitro can be prevented and/or reversed by dithiothreitol (DTT)

which is a well-known low molecular weight non-physiological redox

reagent commonly used in laboratory experiments.

This observation inspired us to ask the question whether the

inhibition of ALDH by DSF can be protected or abolished also by

dihydrolipoic acid (DHLA) which is the only known today low

molecular weight physiological dithiol in the body of humans and other

animals. It can even be metaphorized that DHLA is an “endogenous

DTT”. Lipoic acid (LA) is the oxidized form of DHLA. The exogenous

LA is succesfully used as a drug in the treatment of many diseases (1).

We investigated in vitro the inactivation of yeast ALDH by DSF in

the presence and absence of LA and DHLA. In vivo studies were

performed to answer the question whether LA administration to rats can

attenuate ethanol (EtOH) toxicity when ALDH activity is blocked by

DSF. For this purpose we conducted electrocardiographic (ECG), and


40

systolic and diastolic blood pressure measurements and estimated

mortality of rats.

The in vitro results showed that DHLA but not LA could protect

ALDH against DSF-induced blockade, while neither LA nor DHLA

were able to restore the ALDH activity when it already had been

inhibited by DSF. The in vivo study demonstrated that LA could partially

atttenuate the cardiac arrhythmia induced by EtOH. The results

demonstrated also that LA administration reduced the EtOH-induced

mortality of animals. These results reveal that LA may have a potential

for use in acute EtOH intoxication.

References

1. Bilska A., Włodek L., Pharmacol Rep 2005, 57, 570–577.


41

CONSUMPTION OF CAFFEINE IN A GROUP OF YOUNG

PEOPLE FROM SOUTHERN POLAND

Ewa Błaszczyk-Bębenek, Paweł Jagielski, Beata Piórecka,

Jaśmina Żwirska, Małgorzata Schlegel-Zawadzka

Human Nutrition Department, Institute of Public Health, Faculty of Health

Sciences, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Grzegórzecka 20,


Caffeine-derived products in the diet are equally popular among

adults as well as in younger age groups [1,2]. Many Agencies, including

the European Food Safety Authority, stress the difficulty in determining

the safe level of caffeine intake for the group of children and adolescents

[3,4].

The aim of the study was to evaluate caffeine consumption and to

determine its sources in the diet of adolescents from the Southern

Poland.

A retrospective observational study was conducted (in 2014-15)

among young people aged 16-18 (Bioethical Commission consent No.

KBET/62/B/2013). The research tool to assess caffeine intake along with

the diet was a questionnaire containing questions about the frequency

and amount of consumed products being a source of caffeine in the diet.

Frequency intervals proposed to assess the frequency of calcium intake

along with diet (ADOS-Ca) were used to assess the average daily

caffeine intake, [5]. To assess the safety of caffeine intake by subjects,

doses considered safe with usual consumption (3 mg/kg body mass) [4]

and causing sleep disorders (1.4 mg/kg body mass) or anxiety and

anxiety (2.25 mg/kg body mass) [6]. The non-parametric U Mann-

Whitney and Chi2 tests were used at the assumed significance level

α=0.05.

The mean caffeine intake by the study group was 95.54 mg/day

(1.54 mg/kg body mass). The main sources of caffeine included black tea

(26.9%) and green tea (16.2%), as well as energy drinks (13.3%). The


42

most commonly consumed products being a source of caffeine in the

study diet were black tea, cola drinks, which were more often used by

boys (p=0.0401) and milk chocolate. Boys also significantly more often

reached for bitter chocolate (p=0.0219) and girls for instant coffee

(p


43

PROTON POMP INHIBITORS – ABUSE AND USE

INCOMPATIBLE WITH EXISTING MEDICAL GUIDELINES

Adrian Bryła1,2, Małgorzata Zygmunt1, Katarzyna Dziewic2

1 Department of Pharmacological Screening, Chair of Pharmacodynamics,

Jagiellonian University Medical College, 9, 30-688 Kraków, Poland 2 Ludwik Rydygier’s Memorial Hospital, os. Złotej Jesieni 1,


Proton pump inhibitors (PPI) are a group of drugs which block

gastric acid production in parietal cells what lowering the pH in the

gastric lumen. PPI are mainly used in the treatment of gastroesophageal

reflux disease (GERD) and gastric and duodenal ulcers. Compared with

previously used agents such as histamine H2 receptor antagonists,

synthetic prostaglandin analogs or anticholinergic drugs, PPI have shown

better tolerance and safety. Over recent years usage of proton pump

inhibitors has increased dramatically. Due to the affordable price and

high efficacy their use is prevalent and often is not compatible with

existing medical guidelines. Ulcer prophylaxis among patients with low

risk of bleeding, routine “gastroprotective” medication during treatment

and non-specific abdominal symptoms are the most common patterns of

off-label use of PPI.

The problem of abuse or incorrect use of PPI is connected not only

with hospital wards. PPI are avaliable (without a prescription) in

pharmacies, shops and petrol stations. Patients often take these

medicines despite the lack of indications, without any control of doctor

or pharmacist. Observing patients (especially older patients) admitted to

hospital, great habit to PPI is noticeable. Patients often demand this kind

of drugs in their therapy during being in the hospital and they get it

(treatment of older people with PPI is 25% - 85% unfounded). This

feature and the fact that these people often suffer from many chronic

disease (that require using a significant amount of different medications)

makes older people the most exposed group to various drug-related

interactions and other side effects of PPI. Another aspect related to the


44

wrong using of PPI is the financial aspect what is significant in relation

to expenditure on these medications in hospitals during all year.

Inapropriate using of PPI, too high costs, less money for other therapies.

Is it right way?

References

1. Sanders S.W., Clin Ther 1996, 18, 2–34.

2. Forgacs I., Loganayagam A., BMJ 2008, 336(7634), 2–3.

3. Pasina L., Nobili A., Tettamanti M., Salerno F., Corrao S., Eur J Intern Med

2011, 22, 205–210.


45

EFFECT OF USING NATURAL VEGETABLE OILS IN THE

DIET ON ALCOHOL DETOXIFICATION IN HUMAN

Aleksandra M. Buchaj1, Jakub A. Knurek2

1 Department of Botany and Mycology, Maria Curie-Skłodowska University of

Lublin, Akademicka 19, 20-400 Lublin 2 Department of department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Medical

University of Lublin, Chodźki 1, 20-093 Lublin

Worldwide, 3.3 million deaths every year result from harmful use of

alcohol. Addiction to alcohol is a common cause of many diseases and

injuries like hormonal disorders, cancer, immunodeficiency disorders,

peripheral polyneuropathy, atrophy of the cerebellum, cirrhosis of the

liver, bruised liver, acute or chronic pancreatitis, dilated cardiomyopathy,

arrhythmia, anemia, gastritis and peptic ulcer disease. It is approved by

the social acceptance mechanism, which leads to difficulties in its

systemic combating.

The aim of our lecture is to describe the influence of selected

vegetable natural oils on alcohol metabolism and to prove the

relationship between the composition of active ingredients (with

particular reference to fatty acids) and pharmacological action. In the

research, we included studies on sunflower oil, linseed oil, rapeseed oil

and borage oil, which contain a different ratio of fatty acids. We hope

that our work will significantly affect the intensification of research in

this field.

References

1. Beroual K., Agabou A., Abdeldjelil M. C., Boutaghane N., Haouam S.,

Hamdi-Pacha Y., Afr J Tradit Complement Altern Med. 2017, 14, 280–286.

2. Bocianowski J., Mikołajczyk K., Bartkowiak-Broda I., J Appl Genet. 2012,

53, 27–30.


46

3. Lu X., Sun D., Chen Z., Ye J., Wang R., Li L., Zeng S., Jiang H., Pharmazie

2011, 66, 600–605.

4. Orsavova J., Misurcova L., Ambrozova J. V., Vicha R., Mlcek J., Int J Mol

Sci. 2015, 16, 12871–12890.


47

5HT1A AND MGLUR4 INTERACTION, POSSIBLE LINK TO

SCHIZOPHRENIA?

Grzegorz Burnat1, Piotr Brański1, Joanna Solich2,

Magdalena Kolasa2, Barbara Chruścicka1, Marta Dziedzicka-

Wasylewska2, Andrzej Pilc1

1 Department of Neurobiology Institute of Pharmacology PAS, Kraków, Poland 2 Department of Pharmacology Institute of Pharmacology PAS, Kraków, Poland

In previous reports our group showed the antipsychotic-like actions

of mGlu4 and 5HT1a receptor activators (Wierońska et al., 2015, 2017).

In present study we examined the heteromerization of members two

different classes of G protein coupled receptors (GPCRs). The first one -

metabotropic glutamate receptor 4 (mGlu4) is a representative of class C.

Like other members of group III mGlu receptors its activation inhibits

the activity of adenylate cyclase leading to a decrease of cAMP

concentration in cells. In the central nervous system (CNS) mGlu4

receptors are predominantly expressed pre-synaptically. The highest

expression is observed in the cerebellum as well as in the cerebral cortex

and in the hippocampus. The second one the 5HT1a receptor belongs to

class A of GPCRs. Similarly to mGlur4 it is preferentially coupled with

Gi protein to inhibit cAMP formation. The 5HT1a receptor in most brain

structures is located post-synapticaly. The highest densities are in the

hippocampus, amygdala and the cortical limbic areas. Moderate

expression is observed in the raphe nuclei (pre-synaptic localization as

an autoreceptor).

Due to high expression of mGluR4 and 5HT1a in the hippocampus

and cortex both receptors seem to be promising pharmacological targets

for treatment of anxiety and schizophrenia.

To analyze distribution of both receptors in the mouse brain

a double immunofluorescence labelling with DAPI on cortical sections

was performed. The occurrence of mGluR4-5HT1a hetero complex was

studied in the brain regions where co-localization was observed. The


48

PLA red dots indicates close proximity


49

THE INFLUENCE OF LUNG CANCER ON THROAT

COLONIZATION WITH CANDIDA SPP. AND STREPTOCOCCUS

PNEUMONIAE

Edyta Chwiejczak1, Urszula Kosikowska1, Katarzyna Kurek2,

Barbara Mackiewicz2, Anna Malm1


Microbiological Diagnostics, Medical University of Lublin, Chodźki 1,

20-093 Lublin, Poland 2 Department of Pneumonology, Oncology and Allergology, Medical University

of Lublin, Chodźki 1, 20-093 Lublin, Poland

Microorganisms that inhabit a given region of the body, create its

microbiota, which protect the host’s organism from the harmful effects

of external factors.. The composition of microbiota depends on many

factors, e.g. health condition, diet type, lifestyle and frequency of

antibiotics administration. However, in a state of weaken immunity

microorganisms from microbiota may be the cause of opportunistic

infections. Frequent etiological factors of them include yeasts that can

cause candidiasis and Streptococcus pneumoniae, one of the most

common etiologic agents of bacterial pneumonia.

The aim of the study was to assess the prevalence of yeast and

S. pneumoniae in the upper respiratory tract microbiota of people with

lung cancer.

The study included 13 patients with lung cancer before

chemotherapy and 13 healthy volunteers (control group). The swabs

from throat were cultured on agar media for bacteria and fungi. The

cultures were incubated at 350C. The isolates were identified using mass

spectrometry MALDI-TOF MS.

In throat of 6/13 (46%) patients with lung cancer and 3/13 (23%)

healthy people yeats were found. In the group of cancer patients

4 species of yeasts were found: Candida albicans (3/6, 50%),

C. tropicalis (1/6, 16.6%), C. glabrata (1/6, 16.6%), Sacchcaromyces


50

cerevisiae (1/6, 16.6%), while in the control group 2/3 (67%) patients

were colonized with C. albicans and 1/3 (33%) with C. glabrata.

Colonization of the throat with S. penumoniae was found in 6/13 (46%)

of cancer patients and 3/13 (23%) in the control group.

The cancer can cause significant disorders in the host immune

system, reducing its efficiency. It can cause meaningful changes in the

respiratory microbiota and favor the colonization by opportunistic

microorganisms that can cause infections dangerous for health and life of

patient.


51

DRUG – DRUG INTERACTIONS STUDY

Monika Dąbrowska, Żaneta Binert-Kusztal, Małgorzata Starek,

Włodzimierz Opoka

Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Jagiellonian University

Medical College, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medyczna 9, 30-688 Kraków, Poland

In recent years, the matter of drug – drug interactions has received

a large thing of attention from the scientific and health care communities

worldwide. A large amount of drugs are admited every year and new

interactions amongst medicines are progressively published. Drug – drug

interactions can modify the drug’s absorption, distribution, metabolism,

excretion or even real clinical action [1].

Antibiotics is one of the most widely used group of drugs,

prescribed from common cold to life threatening septicemia. Broad

spectrum antibiotics (e.g. second and third cephalosporins generation

and quinolones, amoxicillin and clavulanic acid) are being widely used

for various indications, necessarily or otherwise [2].

The risk of drug interactions is increased with polypharmacy,

especially that it’s a popular practice among physicians to prescribe

multiple medicines to a single patient. Beside from infections in

otherwise units, a large number of patients are suffering from chronic

diseases (e.g. diabetes, arthritis, hypertension) for which they must take

long-life cures, so in these people the possibility of drug ˗ drug

interactions are yet higher [3]. Another warning impact is the emergence

of strains of bacteria resistant to many generation of antibiotics. This fact

resulted in injudicious use of many antibiotics in conjugation with other

drugs, without much heed given to the resultant drug – drug interactions

[4].

We designed this work to study drug – drug interactions and their

potential effects on the stability of tested compunds.

The TLC-densitometric conditions for the simultaneous

determination of chosen therapeutic substances: cefuroxime axetil,

cefepime, paracetamol, acetylsalicylic acid, ibuprofen, naproxen,


52

ketoprofen, caffeine, propranolol, gestodene, estradiol were developed.

Selected drugs were used to prepare triple mixtures, most likely to occur

during the combined therapy. Additionally, the impact of temperature,

UV-VIS radiation, and the incubation time on the durability of the

components was tested.

The results obtained by the developed analytical method allow to

state that the composition of tested mixture affects the stability of drugs,

especially in the case of cefuroxime axetil. In addition, it was found that

the temperature and the incubation time have an impact on the stability

of analyzed components.

References

1. Farkas D., Shader RI., von Moltke LL., Greenblatt DJ. Mechanisms and

consequences of drug-drug interactions. In: Gad S.C. Preclinical

Development Handbook: ADME and Biopharmaceutical Properties.

Philadelphia: Wiley, 2008, 879–917.

2. Marshall WF., Blair JE., Mayo Clin. Proc. 1999, 74,187–195.

3. Schmidt L.E. & Dalhoff K., Drugs 2002, 62, 1481–1502.

4. Thummel K.E. & Wilkinson G.R., Annu. Rev. Pharmacol. Toxicol. 1998,

38, 389–430.


53

EICOSAPENTAENOIC ACID SUPPLEMENTATION AFFECTS

PRO-INFLAMMATORY PROTEIN LEVELS IN CaCo-2 CELLS

ACTIVATED WITH LPS AND/OR TOXIN A

Mirosław Dróżdż1, Jacek Czepiel2, Artur Jurczyszyn3, Anna Zając4,

Katarzyna Sroczyńska4, Tadeusz Librowski4,

Joanna Gdula-Argasińska4

1 Saint Ann's Hospital, Miechów, Poland 2 Department of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, Jagiellonian University

Medical College, Kraków, Poland 3 Department of Hematology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Kraków,

Poland 4 Department of Radioligands, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University

Medical College, Kraków, Poland

Eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) is a polyunsaturated fatty acid,

precursor of anti-inflammatory and pro-resolving mediators.

Supplementation with this fatty acid may have a beneficial effect on

reducing the risk of a various inflammatory pathologies.

The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of EPA

supplementation on cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), prostaglandin E2

(cPEGS), aromatic hydrocarbon (AHR) protein expression and an

interleukin 6 (IL-6) content in the intestinal epithelial CaCo-2 cells

activated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and/or Toxin A, isolated from

Clostridium difficile.

CaCo-2 cells were incubated with 10 μmol and 25 μmol of EPA for

24h and 48h, followed by LPS/Toxin A activation. Western blot

technique was used to determine COX-2, cPGES, AHR receptor

expression and an ELISA technique was used to determine IL-6

concentration. It has been shown that statistically the highest expression

of pro-inflammatory proteins in LPS and Toxin A-activated intestinal

cells.

In CaCo-2 cells after EPA supplementation and LPS/Toxin A

activation, the levels of pro-inflammatory proteins have been


54

significantly reduced, suggesting that this fatty acid exhibits anti-

inflammatory and pro-resolving activity.

It seems necessary to carry out further research regarding on the

action of eicosapentaenoic acid on intestinal epithelial cells.


55

INVOLVEMENT OF THE HOMER1A PROTEINS IN THE

MECHANISM OF ACTION OF ANTIDEPRESSANT DRUGS

Ewelina Frąckiewicz1, Agata Siwek1, Tadeusz Librowski1,

Andrzej Pilc1,2, Gabriel Nowak1,2

1 Department of Pharmacobiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University

Medical College, Medyczna 9, 30-688 Kraków, Poland 2 Polish Academy of Sciences, Institute of Pharmacology, Smętna 12,


Depression is one of the most common mental disorders in the

world and can be connected with other serious health problems. There

are many theories that explain their patomechanism and the action of

current antidepressant drugs. One of the most prevalent theory is linked

with the dysregulation of the glutamatergic system and with neuronal

plasticity disorders [2].

Postsynaptic density (PSD) is a makromolecular complex located

in the postsynaptic membrane and plays a significant role in signal

transduction. Homer 1 is one of the most significant proteins that links

mGluR5 to downstream targets such as inositol triphosphate receptors.

This protein can also act as a moderator of the NMDA/mGluR5 complex

involved in stress-induced neuropsychiatric pathologies, along with

depression [1, 3 4].

The aim of this research was to explore changes after acute,

subchronic and chronic administration of antidepressants in the level of

the Homer 1a protein in rat brain. Protein levels in rat hippocampus and

prefronal cortex of Homer 1a were measured by the Western blot

technique.

The results show an increase of the level of Homer1a protein in

hippocampus, but not in the prefrontal cortex, after acute antidepressants

administration (imipramine, reboxetine). Our results indicate that a rapid

increase in the level of Homer 1a in the hippocampus may be important

in the mechanism of action of some antidepressants. This study shows


56

that further research is needed to study the involved postsynaptic density

of signal transduction in the cell and the mechanism of action of

antidepressant drugs.

References

1. Luo P., Li X., Fei Z., Poon W., Neurochem Int 2012, 61(5), 731–738.

2. Nicoletti F., Bruno V., Ngomba R. T., Gradini R., Battaglia G., Curr Opin

Pharmacol 2015, 20, 89–94.

3. Tomasetti C., Iasevoli F., Filomena Buonaguro E., De Berardis D., Fornaro

M., Lucia A., De Bartolomeis A., Int. J. Mol. Sci 2017, 18(1), 135.

4. Wagner K. V, Hartmann J., Labermaier C., Häusl A. S., Zhao G., Harbich

D., Schmidt M. V., Neuropsychopharmacology 2015, 40(5), 1222–1233.


57

ANALGESIC ACTIVITY OF AMBROXOL AND

AMITRIPTYLINE IN A MODEL OF OXALIPLATIN-

INDUCED NEUROPATHIC PAIN IN MICE

Anna Furgała, Kinga Sałat

Chair of Pharmacodynamics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University,

Medical College, Medyczna 9, 30-688 Kraków, Poland

Providing a long-lasting quality of life to patients after anticancer

treatment is extremely important, especially considering the increasing

efficacy of currently applied anti-cancer therapies. Chemotherapy-

induced peripheral neuropathy (CIPN) remains one of the main adverse

effects of anti-cancer therapy, manifested by the occurrence of thermal

and mechanical allodynia and spontaneous pain episodes.

In vivo tests were performed in adult male Albino Swiss (CD-1)

mice. To induce neuropathic pain intraperitoneal oxaliplatin at a single

dose of 10 mg/kg was used. Cold allodynia in response to a thermal

stimulus of 2.5 C was measured in the cold plate test 3 h and 7 days

after oxaliplatin administration. Ambroxol was tested at doses of 12.5

and 37.5 mg/kg, 0.5 h, 4 h, 6 h and 12 h after its intravenous

administration. Amitriptyline was tested at doses 1, 2.5 and 10 mg/kg

1 h after its intraperitoneal administration. Ambroxol was also used in

combination with amitriptyline.

Administration of oxaliplatin resulted in statistically significant

decrease of thermal nociceptive threshold in response to low temperature

(development of thermal allodynia). An antiallodynic activity was shown

for both drugs - ambroxol at a dose of 37.5 mg/kg, 0.5 h after

administration, as well as for amitriptyline at doses 2.5 and 10 mg/kg, 1h

after administration. Also, a statistically significant analgesic activity

was observed in the cold plate test as a result of co-administration of the

tested drugs.

Our study showed that ambroxol and amitriptyline administered in

combination, or as a single drugs cause a significant pain relief in the


58

oxaliplatin-induced neuropathic pain model in mice. Thus, using these

drugs may be an interesting option for the treatment of neuropathic pain

in patients with peripheral neuropathy caused by chemotherapy.

This study was supported by the National Science Centre grant UMO-

2015/17/B/NZ7/02937.


59

F13714 AND F15599 - SELECTIVE 5-HT1A BIASED AGONISTS

AS A NEW PHARMAGOLOGICAL TOOLS IN THE

DEVELOPMENT OF TREATMENT OF

NEURODEGENERATIVE AND PSYCHIATRIC DISORDERS

Monika Głuch-Lutwin1, Joanna Śniecikowska1, Karolina Pytka1,

Adam Bucki1, Kinga Sałaciak1, Alicja Gawalska1, Mark Varney2,

Adrian Newman-Tancredi2, Marcin Kołaczkowski1

1 Jagiellonian University, Medical College, Medyczna 9,

30-688 Kraków, Poland 2 Neurolixis Inc. 34145 Pacific Coast Highway #504, Dana Point,

CA 92629 USA

Robert J. Lefkowitz, said that “biased agonists may represent an

entirely novel form of therapeutic agent". The functional selectivity of

drugs at G protein-coupled receptors is the ability to activate specific

signaling pathways preferentially. In neurodegenerative and psychiatric

disorders serotonin 5-HT1A receptors are attractive targets. These

receptor are expressed both as pre-synaptic located on 5-HT cell bodies

in the raphe nuclei and as post-synaptic in brain areas associated with

mood, cognition and pain [1]. The compounds, F13714 and F15599, are

the first brain-region selective biased agonists at 5-HT1A receptors

(5-HT1A). The F15599 preferentially targets post-synaptic cortical

serotonin receptor, while F13714 targets pre-synaptic 5-HT1A

autoreceptors [2]. The brain-region selectivity of these compounds

corresponds with biochemical mechanisms which may determine their

unique pharmacological profiles.

The compounds with high affinity for the serotonin receptor on four

cell signaling pathways were tested: ERK phosphorylation (pERK),

adenylyl cyclase (cAMP) inhibition, calcium mobilization and β-arrestin

recruitment assay. In in vivo studies we used mouse model of

corticosterone-induced depression. As behavioral endpoint we used

forced swim test (antidepressant-like activity). We also investigated the

influence on locomotor activity of mice.


60

Functional assays show F15599 significantly prefers pERK

signaling pathways and is a partial agonist at Ca2+ mobilization. In

contrast, F13714 does not discriminate between pERK, cAMP and

β-arrestin but significantly less potently stimulates Ca2+ mobilization

(although being a full agonist). It is noticed, serotonin shows no

discrimination between all four signaling pathways. Studies in vivo show

none of the compounds affected locomotor activity.

Both tested compounds activated different cell signaling pathway

(pERK, Ca2+, cAMP and β-arrestin). F15599 but not F13714 decreased

the immobility of rodents in mouse model of corticosterone-induced

depression. Only F15599 showed antidepressnt-like activity after acute

administration in mouse model of corticosterone-induced depression.

References

1. Newman-Tancredi A., Br. J. Pharmacol. 2009, 156, 338–353.

2. Newman-Tancredi A., Neuropsychiatry 2011, 1, 149–164.

The research was supported by the Polish National Science Center grant No

DEC-2015/19/B/NZ7/03543 and Jagiellonian University, Medical College

(K/DSC/005294).


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THE EFFECT OF LIPONATE (LA) AND HYDROGEN

PEROXIDE (H2O2) ON ENZYMATIC ACTIVITY OF

GLYCERALDEHYDE-3-PHOSPHATE DEHYDROGENASE

(GAPDH) IN HUMAN MELANOMA CELLS

Magdalena Górny1, Barbara Ostrowska1, Dorota Kusior1,

Inga Kwiecień2, Małgorzata Iciek1, Anna Bilska-Wilkosz1, Danuta

Kowalczyk-Pachel1

1 Chair of Medical Biochemistry, Jagiellonian University, Medical College,

Kopernika 7, 31-034 Kraków, Poland 2 Department of Pharmaceutical Botany, Jagiellonian University, Medical

College, Medyczna 9, 30-688 Kraków, Poland

Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase is a moonlighting

protein [1, 2]. The catalytic activity of this enzyme is greatly affected by

the redox modifications of the reactive cysteine residue in its active

center (Cys-150). Most post-translational modifications of GAPDH lead

to the inhibition of its enzymatic activity and induction of new activities

not related to the primary glycolytic function, which in the aspect of

cancer therapy could have significance [3].

The aim of the study was to examine the effect of liponate (1,2-

dithiolane 3-pentanoic acid, LA) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) on

GAPDH enzymatic activity in human melanoma cells (lines WM266.4

and WM115) and proliferation and survival of these cell lines. LA is

considered a powerful antioxidant because it can be reduced in

biological systems to dihydrolipoic acid (6,8-dimercapto-octanoic acid,

DHLA).

In the present experiments on WM115 cells, a downward trend in

GAPDH activity was observed after 48 h incubation with 0.5 mM LA. In

WM266.4 line cell cultures, the reduction of enzyme activity occurred

only in the presence of 1 mM LA. In both cell lines, LA-dependent

inhibition of proliferation was observed. Incubation with 50 μM H2O2 for

24 h caused a 50% decrease in survival in the case of WM226.4 and


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WM115 cell lines and in the case of WM 266.4 cells, a decrease in

enzyme activity by 20% was observed.

The obtained results show that the Cys-150 present in the catalytic

center of GAPDH may react with reactive oxygen species (ROS) and

low molecular weight compounds, such as LA. Under the influence of

H2O2 disulfide bonds between the catalytically active Cys-150 and

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