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Attacker

Victim

ICMP echo request(src = victim)

BroadcastAddress

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Kernel

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Data Link Layer

Network Interface

BPFARP

IP

TCP, UDP

Socket Layer

Process

Control

Traffic IP Input

Queue

Port Demux

SocketQueues

SystemCalls

CallFunction

FunctionCall

CallFunction

qdisc−>restart

sock_sendmsg

Hardware Interrupts

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i/p Demuxing Forwarding o/p Queuing

Upper Layers TCP, UDP

FIREWALL TRAFFIC CONTROL

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ROOT QDISC 1:0

Filter 1

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Filter 3 CLASS 1:2

CLASS 1:1

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Distribution of Resources

Dynamic Resource AllocationStatic Resource Allocation

CBQ and FQ VPN’s ST−IIRSVP

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NETWORK

PUBLIC

NETWORK

HOST

QoS

BASTION SERVERSEND

TRAFFIC

CONTROL

Firewall

Input

Traffic Control

Output

ANOTHER

H2

H3

H1

INTERNAL

NETWORK

REGULATOR

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W1

W2

W3

FW

Q

RateLimit = 10 Mbps

50 connections/sec

100 packets/sec

UDP Flood

SYN Packets

CPU Intensive

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e8¹

ATTACKER

192.168.0.110.0.0.1

ETH1 ETH2

ETH0

165.91.210.53

END SERVER

192.168.0.5

ETH0

165.91.208.0/11

165.91.211.140

ETH0

(FOR MAINTENANCE)

FIREWALL CONTROL

TRAFFICINPUT

100Mbps

SWITCH

100Mbps

HUB10.0.0.5

ETH1

OTHER

HOSTS

QoS ROUTER

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QoS Router 233Mhz

500MhzAttacker

End Server 166Mhz 48MB

64MB

128MB 176MB

72MB

130MB

CPU RAM Swap Space Kernel

2.2.16−22

2.2.14

2.2.12−20

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Attacker

Interface Card

eth0

QoS Router

eth1

eth0

eth2

rtl8139SMC 1211 TX EZCard

Winbond 89C940 ne2k−pci

Kernel Module Speed

10Mbps

100Mbps

RealTek RTL−8029 ne2k−pci 10Mbps

Driver

PCI NE2000

RealTek RTL8139

PCI NE2000

eth1 Lite−On PNIC−II rev37 tulip tulip 100Mbps

Lite−On PNIC−II rev37 tulip tulip 100Mbps

End Server eth0 Lite−On PNIC−II rev37 tulip tulip 100Mbps

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Attacker

QoS Router

End Server

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10

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Rec

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Received UDP Goodput on End Server

pktsize 1500pktsize 1000pktsize 700 pktsize 500 pktsize 200 pktsize 100

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0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 1000

2

4

6

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10

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Incoming Traffic Rate on NIC in Mbps

Rec

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pktsize 1500pktsize 1000pktsize 700 pktsize 500 pktsize 200

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0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 1000

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

100

Incoming Traffic Rate on End Server NIC (in Mbps)

%ag

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CPU load on End Server

pktsize 1500pktsize 1000pktsize 500 pktsize 200

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0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 1000

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

45

50

QoS Rate Limit on Router (UDP flood in Mbps)

Rec

eive

d G

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Use

r F

low

(M

bps)

Rate Regulation in presence of UDP flood (pktsize=500)

sending rate 20Mbps

sending rate 10Mbps

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0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 1000

5

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15

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25

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35

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45

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bps)


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0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 1000

5

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15

20

25

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35

40

45

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0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 1000

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

45

50

QoS Rate Limit on Router (ICMP flood in Mbps)

Rec

eive

d G

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r a

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r F

low

(M

bps)

Rate Regulation in presence of ICMP flood (pktsize=1000)

sending rate = 40Mbps

sending rate = 20Mbps

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2 4 6 8 10 12 140

0.05

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0.2

0.25

0.3

0.35

0.4

Number of CGI Scripts

Per

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Load on CPU vs number of CGI scripts (in presence of background load)

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��68+�2U6KJc2/D?. > 6�B?*@^?Gl352/*,687?+&�c.I0/. > 3KBS.w*,7�2AD?.DC�EGFAH�I+J�KGHLCLF�M+J=N+H B?*,0-.1GR2A680 : +-2/0/=?Gm�2A=S0/.Kuo²P68[,*@G1*,7Sah3K7SB��O*,7SB?6q�ÐG1687;2A0-68[�J]=?7?GI2/*,687��c3K+|* > Y?[@. > .17;2A.IB�*@7�2/D?.OKPF�Q RPSUT%VAF�JXW�YJ]=?7?GR2A*@687w*,7�RPSUT%VAF�J[Z�F�u��DS.&.mQ�YL3K7?B?.IB�BL3�243+-2/0/=?GR2A=?0-.1+�c.I0/.&Y\6KY?=?[Z3�2A.1Bw*@7�C�EPFAH\V]I^FUT�_\N\JHUT\V�IU_\`+H�R\aUK FATLCbZcM\�edH\V�I^FAT�_\N%J\H�I+J�KPH�RLaUK CUF�M+J=N#ZcMr3K7?Br*@7,dH\V]I^FAT�_\N\J\H�IGJ�KGH\V]R�ZcM ��D?.KPF�Q RPSLT\VAF�JXW/YwJ]=?7SGI2A*@687o*,+OGl3K[@[,.IBo.13KG4D�2/* > .$3C^?[@2A.I0O687o2/D?.U68=S2AaK68*,7?aC*@7N2/.10�J�3KG1. > 352AG4D?.I+3�0-=?[,.5uoª�.�GI0/.1352A.�3�0/=S[,.HJ]6K0E.13KG4DÂ0/.I+/68=S0/G1.H2ADL352E�c.s� 357N2M2A6hY�68[@*,G1.5ut�L680E.mQS3 > YS[,.K�~30/.I+/68=S0/G1.�G168=?[@B 9 .H2ADS.%�N°�ÔY?0-6K2A6�G168[ 9 =S�\.10-+MJ]680UY\6K0-2w¼Kf�687Â.I7?BÂ+-.10-WK.10�f�g8u��ü^L[X2A.I0*,+*@7?+-2A3K[,[@.1B x W�*,3gFATLC _%hLi[Z�F8z2ADL3�2�O*,[,[~G4D?.1G4��3K[@[yYL3KG4�5.I2A+EG1687;2A3K*,7?*@7?ao3o�N°$�ÒJ]680+/.I0-WK.10f�gtY\680�2C¼8fSu��3KG4D�2A* > .H2/DL352CDL35Y?Y\.I7?+1�'3K7�.17;2/0 : *@+w3KB?B?.IB�*,7�68=?0w+�24352/.�243 9 [,.Ku��©J�3K7.17;2/0 : 3K[@0/.l35B : .RQ�*@+-2A.IB��L2AD?.I7h687S[ : 2/D?.$2A* > .R�©+-2A3 > Y�*,+O=?Y�BL352A.IB�u��©J~2ADS.E.I7N2/0 : 2A3 9 [,.*@+�J]=?[,[x 2/DL352*@+1�K2/D?. �O*,7SB?6q��[@* > *@2�J]680P2AD?.�GI=?0/0-.17;2�0/.I+/68=?0-G1.ODL3K+ 9 .I.17C0/.13KG4D?.1BLzR�;2AD?*@+��N°��YL3KG4�5.I2�'68=?[,B 9 .B?0/68YSY\.IB�u

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g8un��3K*,7;2435*,7?*@7?aC��2A352A.$*,7 � .10-7?.1[

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TimeoutDest IP

Dest PortSrc IP

Src PortSeq No.Initial SYN

�~*@a?uLe�g8u��243�2A.E�h3K*@7N2/.17L357?G1.J]680&�N°�ËG1687?7S.1GI2/*,687S+

Dest IPDest PortSrc Port

Src IP TimeReceived

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0 5 10 15 20 25 300

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SY

N b

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r (m

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Time (s)

SYN Bandwidth available at End Server in presence of Fast Attack

25 SYNS per sec

SYN Buffers available

for useful work

(Window Limit = 64)

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0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 500

20

40

60

80

100

120

SY

N b

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r (m

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Time (s)

SYN Bandwidth available at End Server in presence of Slow Attack

6 SYNs per sec

3 SYNs per sec

10 SYNs per sec

SYN Buffers available

for useful work

(10 SYNS per sec)

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0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 400

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

45

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Number of CGI scripts

Per

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ava

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Window control with CPU intensive packets

with Window Control

no Window Control

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0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 400

0.5

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3.5

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4.5

5

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Number of CGI scripts (CPU Intensive Packets)

Advantage Gained by Using Window Control

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