Mis 5 Telecom

8/6/2019 Mis 5 Telecom

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Telecommunications and Networks


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Networking the Enterprise

Networking business and employees

Connecting them to customers,

suppliers, and other stakeholders.


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Trends in Telecommunications

IndustryMore competitive

More options for the firmTechnologyUnrestricted connectivity Easy access for end users

Open systems Use common standards for hardware, software,

applications, & networking.


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Trends in Telecommunications (continued)

Technology (continued)High degree of interoperability

Digital networks Higher transmission speeds Moves larger amounts of information Greater economy Lower error rates

Multiple types of communications on the same circuits


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Technology (continued) Fiber-optic lines & cellular, PCS, satellite & other wireless

technologies Faster transmission speeds


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Business applicationsDramatic increase in the number of feasible

telecommunication applications.Cut costs, reduce lead times, shorten response

times, support e-commerce, improve

collaboration, share resources, lock in

customers & suppliers, & develop new products

& services


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The Internet

A network of networks

Popular usesE-mail

Instant messaging

Browsing the World Wide Web

Newsgroups and chat rooms


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The Internet (continued)

The business value of the Internet


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Intranets

Within an organization

Uses Internet technologies

Business value of IntranetsUsed for information sharing, communication,

collaboration, & support of business processes.

Web publishing Comparatively easy, attractive, & lower cost alternative for

publishing & accessing multimedia business information


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Intranets (Portals)


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Extranets

Network links that use Internet

technologies to interconnect the firms

intranet with the intranets of customers,suppliers, or other business partnersConsultants, subcontractors, business

prospects, & others


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Extranets (continued)

Business valueImprove communication with customers

and business partnersGain competitive advantage in Product developmentCost savings

MarketingDistribution Leveraging their partnerships


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Telecommunications Network Alternatives

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A Telecommunications Network Model

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(continued)

Consists of five basic componentsTerminals

Any input/output device that usestelecommunication networks to transmit or

receive data

Telecommunication processors Support data transmission and reception

between terminals and computers

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(continued)

Telecommunications channels The medium over which data are transmitted

and received

Computers Interconnected by telecommunications networks

Telecommunications control software

Control telecommunications activities & managethe functions of telecommunications networks

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Types of Telecommunications Networks

Wide Area Networks (WAN)Cover a large geographic area.

Local Area Networks (LAN)Connect computers & other information

processing devices within a limited physical

area.Connected via ordinary telephone wiring, coaxial

cable, or wireless radio & infrared systems

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(continued)

Virtual Private NetworksA secure network that uses the Internet as

its main backbone network, but relies onfire walls and other security features

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(continued)

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(continued)

Client/Server NetworksClients end user PCs or NCs

Server helps with application processingand also manages the network

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(continued)

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(continued)

Network computingthe network is the computer

Thin clients process small application programscalled applets.

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(continued)

Peer-to-Peer (P2P)Two major models

Central server architecture

Pure peer-to-peer

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Telecommunications Media

Twisted-pair wire

Coaxial cable Minimizes interference and

distortion Allows high-speed data

transmission

Fiber optics Glass fiber that conducts

pulses of light generated by

lasers Size and weight reduction Increased speed and carrying

capacity

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Wireless Technologies

Terrestrial MicrowaveLine-of-sight path between relay stations

spaced approximately 30 miles apart.

Communications Satellites

Geosynchronous orbitsServe as relay stations for communications

signals transmitted from earth stations

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Wireless Technologies (continued)

Cellular & PCS SystemsEach cell is typically from one to several

square miles in area.Each cell has its own low-power transmitter

or radio relay antenna.

Computers & other communications

processors coordinate & control the

transmissions to/from mobile users as they

move from one cell to another

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M-commerce

Transactions and non-transaction functions

over wireless networks

Growth due to: Newer and smaller technologies

More mobile populations

Deregulation of telecommunication markets

Less costly infrastructure than wired alternative

Slower to grow in US than Europe and Asia

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M-commerce

Issues

Relatively slow

transmission speeds

Screen size

Battery technology

PDA and smart phone

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Cellular Networks

Overlapping towers

Signal picked up by closest tower and

transferred on AMPS standard (TACS in EUROPE)

PCS and various alternative standards

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Wireless Application Protocol

WAP forum

WAP proxy server

Issues in Web service Requires scaled down sites

Low transmission speed

Non-compatible WAP versions Lack of good WAP-enabled sites

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I-mode

Wireless Internet service

60% of Japanese market

Why so popular? Lack of easy and based Internet access in Japan

Lower PC penetration in Japan

Extensive wireless coverage

Returns money to website providers

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Personal Area Networks

Connection of computer to peripherals or

other computers

Connect PDA and desktop computer Several connection methods:

Bluetooth (radio frequency up to 300 feet)(radio frequency up to 300 feet)

IrDA (Infrared) (cheap)(cheap)

Wireless LAN 802.11b wireless Ethernet (more(more

reliable)reliable)

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New Generations of Wireless Networks

3G network Broadband up to 2 Mbps

Packet switched Combine prior incompatible system

(agreement on standards)(agreement on standards)

Virtual home environment

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Telecommunications Processors

Modems (modulation/demodulation)Changes signals from analog to digital and

back to analog

Multiplexers

Allows a single communication channel tocarry simultaneous data transmissions from

many terminals

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(continued)

Internetwork ProcessorsSwitches

Makes connections between telecomm circuitsso a message can reach its intended destination

Router Interconnects networks based on different rules

or protocols

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(continued)

Hub Port switching communications processor

Gateway A processor that interconnects networks that

use different communications architecture

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Telecommunications Software

Provides a variety of communications

support services including connecting &disconnecting communications links &

establishing communications

parameters such as transmissionspeed, mode, and direction.

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Telecommunications Software (continued)

Network ManagementTraffic management

SecurityNetwork monitoring

Capacity planning

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Network Topologies

StarTies end user computers to a central computer

Considered the least reliable

Ring (sometimes called Token Ring)Ties local computer processors together in a ring

on a more equal basis.

Considered more reliable & less costly

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Network Topologies (continued)

BusLocal processors share the same bus, or

communications channelTree is a variation which ties several bus

networks together

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Network Topologies (continued)


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Network Architectures and Protocols

(continued)

OSI Model

TCP/IPTransmission Control Protocol/Internet

Protocol

Used by the Internet and all intranets andextranets

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Bandwidth Alternatives

Bandwidth is the frequency range of a

telecommunications network

Determines the channels maximumtransmission rate

Measured in bits per second (bps) or baud

Narrow-band Low-speed transmission

BroadbandHigh-speed transmission

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Switched Networks

Packet switchedPacket switched and circuit switchedcircuit switched

Integrated Services Digital Network (ISDN)Integrated Services Digital Network (ISDN)

Frame RelayFrame Relay Committed information rate

Data bursts

Asynchronous Transfer Mode (ATM)Asynchronous Transfer Mode (ATM) Various speeds and scalability

The Internet

Mis 5 Telecom

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