l; k'lGx÷df3 k l0f {df jif { $& c +s !) The Ananda Bhoomi ...a'=; += @%^# 3 The Ananda Bhoomi 2020...

$: l; k'lGx÷df3 k l0f {df jif { $& c +s !) The Ananda Bhoomi ...a'=; += @%^# 3 The Ananda Bhoomi 2020 ljifo–;"lr qm=;+= ljifo n ]vs k [i7 ldng ax'p2 ]ZoLo ;xsf/L ; +:yf lnld6 ]8 kfsf],$
The Ananda Bhoomi 2020a'=;+= @%^# 1

jflif{s ¿= !%)÷– Psk|lt ¿= @)÷– jflif{s u|fxs agL ;xof]u u/f}+ .

;Dks{ sfof{no

cfgGb e"ldcfgGbs'6L ljxf/ ;+:yf, kf]=a=g+= #))&, sf7df8f}+ .

kmf]gM $@&!$@) E-mail : [email protected]

[email protected]@anandabhoomi.com

Website: anandakutivihar.com.np

www.anandabhoomi.com

a'4jrgfd[t

@)&^ -l; k'lGx÷df3 k"l0f{df_ jif{ $& c+s !)

a'=;+= @%^# g]=;+= !!$)The Ananda Bhoomi (Year 47, Vol. 10)A Buddhist Monthly : Jan/Feb 2020

k|d'v ;Nnfxsf/MleIf' d}qL dxf:ylj/ -k|d'v, cf= s'= lj=_

;Nnfxsf/ M leIf' wd{d"lt{ -sfo{jfxs k|d'v, cf=s'=lj=_

;Dkfbs÷k|sfzg ;+of]hsMsf]08Go

a'4ljxf/ e[s'6Ld08k, $@@^&)@

;Dkfbg ;xof]uL M leIf' c:;lh, leIf' wDdbQ

Aoj:yfkg tyf ljt/s M ljj]s dxh{g, , , , , :jo\De" (*$($@)%^^

Joj:yfkg ;xof]uL M leIf' ;/0f+s/, cfgGbs'6L

n]vf Joj:yfkg M ;'/]z dxh{g, :joDe"

cfj/0f l8hfOg÷leqL ;]l6Ë M ljgf]b dxh{g

cljt/0ffy{ ;xof]uLx?Ma'4hoGtL ;df/f]x ;ldlt ->L3M_, leIf' ;'l4sf], zld{nf

>]i7 -af}4 j[4f>d–ag]kf_, c= OGb|fjtL -wd{sLlt{_, ;l/tf cjfn]-nlntk'/_, ;'>L jL0ff s+;fsf/, ;'>L zs'Gtnf k|wfg, >LdtL s]z/Ljh|frfo{, -af}4 dlxnf ;+3, g]kfn_, ;'j0f{d'lg zfSo / k|]daxfb'/ yfkf-e}/xjf_, snaxfb'/ kNnL du/ / ljBfb]jL zfSo -a'6jn_, ofdzfSo -a]gL_, 1fgdfnf ;+3–cfgGb ljxf/ -tfg;]g_, anaxfb'/ ufxf-kfNkf_, s[i0fk|;fb zfSo -afUn'·_, ljho u'?· -ndh'·_, z}gLrf}w/L -k'hf/L nfdf_ ;Kt/L, pQddfg a'4frfo{ -kf]v/f_, /Tgaxfb'/gfDhfnL -;'v]{t_, nfnaxfb'/ rf}w/Lyf? -pbok'/_, cd/axfb'/yfkf -slknj:t'_ .

d'b|0fMcfO{l8on lk|lG6· k|];

Ujfsf]{, nlntk'/, kmf]gM %%#)%%@@

k|sfzsMcfgGbs'6L ljxf/

cfgGb s'6L ljxf/, :joDe", kmf]gM $@&!$@)sf=lh=b=g+= #$÷)#$÷)#%÷d=If]=x'=lg=b=g+= &÷)^!÷^@

g k/];+ ljnf]dfgL – g k/];+ stfst+ .

cQgf]j cj]v]o\o – stflg cstflg r ..cyf{t\ M c?sf] bf]if jf k/hgn] s] u/] s] u/]gg\

egL lrof]rrf{ ug'{eGbf cfk"mn] s] u/]+ s] ul/g+ egLWofgs]lGb|t ug'{ cTo'Qd x'g]5 .

d]lklgu' bf]if cyf{t\ k/hg+ 5' ofM dofM wsf:jHjLu'of l;g+ yMu' bf]if j yMDx+ ofgfu' j dofgfu' :jo]u'x] cTo'Qd h'O .

One should not pry into the faults ofothers, things left done and undone by others,but one's own deeds done and undone.

– wDdkb, %)


;DkfbsLo

rf/j6f ;Dkbf M ;DklQn] ;+j[l4n] k|fKt x'G5hf] s;}sn] cfWoflTds ;'v ;+j[l4sf] rfxgf

/fVg' :jfefljs g} xf] . To;sf nflu a'4n] cu|pkf;s u[xklt cgfylkl08snfO{ pkb]z lbg'x'Fb}eGg 'ePsf ] rf/ }j6f k | Lo, dgf ]/d / ;'vb\clenfiffx?nfO{ k"lt{ ug]{ rf/wd{ ;fwgx? >4f;DklQ, zLn–;DklQ, Tofu–;DklQ / k|1f–;DklQnfO{xfdLn] cfTd;ft ug{ ;s]df b'n{enfO{ ;'ne agfOlbg]x'G5 .

>4f–;DklQ M ;Dos\ ;Da'4sf] 1fgk|lt tyfpxfFsf] gf}j6f u'0fk|lt >4f pTkGg x'G5, ta >4f;DklQaf6 ;DkGg x'G5 eg] pgsf] lrQsf] s7f]/tfsd eO{ d[b'ntf 5fpFb5 . clg s6'tf sd eO{dw'/tf cfpF5 . clg s'l6ntf sd eO{ ;/ntf5fpF5 . To;kl5 pgn] c¿nfO{ wf]vf lbP/ ;DklQa6'Nb}g, a? wd{k"j{s g} ;DklQ cfh{g ug]{ / wgsdfpg ;kmn /xG5 .

zLn ;DklQ M gLltlgod, cg'zf;g jf zLn;DkGg /x]sf] hf]sf]xL k+rzLndf k|ltli7t eO{ s'g}klgk|f0fLsf] xTof ub}{g, rf]/L ub}{g, Jolerf/ ub}{g,em"7f] af]Nb}g, dfbs kbfy{sf] ;]jg ub}{g . o;/Lg} z/L/ tyf jf0fLaf6 ;d]t s'g} b'isd{ gu/LlgGbfpkxf;af6 hf]luP/ a:5g\ . jf:tjdfzLn;DkGg JolQm ckoz x'gaf6 aRg] / pgsf]oz ;DkGg g} x'G5 .

Tofu ;DklQ M s'g} ;b\u[x:yn] s]jn ;+rojf ;+u|x ug{ / kl/u|x ug{sf nflu dfq wg;DklQsdfpFb}gg\ . dfT;o{/lxt lrQj[lQsf] ljsf; u/Lcfk\mgf] sdfO{nfO{ ;+ljefu ug]{ / To;nfO{ afF6\g]sfo{ ug'{k5{ . k|;Gg lrQ, :jR5 dgn], pbfQefjsf;fy v'Nnf xftn] bfg jf Tofu sfo{ ;d]t u5{g\ .o;nfO{ g} Pshgf ;b\u[[x:ysf] bfg ;DklQ elgG5 .ef]hg, j:q, cf}iflw, lgjf; cflbsf] bfg jf Tofun]kmn:j?k pgnfO{ klg cfo'an g} k|fKt eO{ bL3{hLjLPj+ :j:y /xG5 eGg] dfGotf /lxcfPsf] 5 .

k|1f ;DklQ M hf] s;}n] zLn;bfrf/sf] hLjglhP/ lrQnfO{ Psfu| ug]{ cEof; ug{ h'g ;fwsLoWofgefjgf jf ;dy / ljkZogfsf] cEof; ul/g]dfu{df cu|;/ xf]OG5, Tolta]nf :d[ltk|i7fg oflgls sfodf sfofg'kZogf, j]bgfdf j]bgfg'kZogf,lrQdf lrQfg'kZogf / wd{df wdf{g'kZogf k|flKtsf]dfu{df cu|;/ x'g ;lsg] x'G5 . hLjgdf cGt/d'{vLsf]cEof; cyf{t\ ljkZogfsf] cEof;sf sf/0fn] s;/L;do–;dodf kfFr k|sf/sf cfj/0f–gLj/0fx? afwfcj/f]w ag]/ xfd|f] lrQdf 5fpF5g\ eGg] s'/f :ki6x'G5 .

clg aNn yfxfkfpgsf nflu dfu{ k|zi6x'G5 ls lrQdf nf]e s;/L cfpF5 / To;sf]sf/0fnfO{ ;d]t 7Dofpg ;lsg] x'G5 . ug'{kg]{clgjfo{ sfo{ ug{ g;Sg] clg ug}{ gkg]{ jf cs/0fLosfddf clNem/xFbf g} xfd|f] ;'v / P]Zjo{df xfgLk'lu/x]sf] x'G5 . o;/L g} olb xfd|f] lrQ å]if /bf}d{g:on] e/]sf] 5 eg] klg o:t} x'G5 eg] cN5L/ a]xf]zL eO{ k|dfbn] e/]sf], a]r}gL / cfTdUnflgn]e/]sf], z+sfpkz+sf / ;Gb]xn] dfq e/]sf] 5 eg]klg To:t} x'G5 .

a'l4ljj]s jf k|1fsf] cfwf/df k/dfy{ ;Tosf]dfu{df cl3 a9]sf] WofgL jf ;fwsn] ckfoultcwf]ulttkm{ n}hfg] ;Dk"0f{ sd{;+:sf/x?nfO{ Ifoub}{, ljd'lQmsf] dfu{nfO{ cjnDag ub}{ cem lgjf{0fnfO{;fIffTsf/ u/]/ >f]tfkGg, ;s[bfdL, cgfufdL tyfcx{t\sf] af6f] d'lQmsf] >f]tdf k'Ug ;lsg] x'G5 .Tolta]nf cwf]ultaf6 k"0f{tof 5'6sf/f kfpg] x'G5 .o;/L k|1fdf kf]i6 eP/ u[x:y g} lsg gxf];\ pgn]cfk\mgf] ;b\ultsf] af/]df lglZrt / cfZj:t x'G5,;+j[l4sf] dfu{ ;'lglZrt ug{ ;lsg] x'G5 .

j:t'tM >4f, zLn, bfg / k|1fåf/f g} xfdLn];+j[l4sf rf/}j6f clenfiffx? ;lhn} k"/f ug{;Sg]x'G5f}+ eGg] a'4lzIff dggLo /x]sf] 5 .


ljifo–;"lrqm=;+= ljifo n]vs k[i7

ldng ax'p2]ZoLo ;xsf/L ;+:yf lnld6]8kfsf], Go"/f]8, sf7df8f}, kmf]g M $@#!)#^, $@@@)^%, k\mofS; M $@!^!^&

a'4sf] hGde"ld /fi6« g]kfndf ;'v–zflGt k}mln/xf];\ .

;Dk"0f{ g]kfnLx?df wfld{s r]tgf ljsf; xf];\ .

!= n'lDagLdf y]/jfb af}4 ;+u|xfno pb]g Gx";fo\ld $

@= k|dflbt aGg' x'Fb}g, ck|dflb ;DaGw /xg' k5{ cg'= nf]saxfb'/ zfSo (

#= x] cfdf Û k'/g axfb'/ zfSo !)

$= ;+o'Qlgsfo ;ufy jUuf] M # cg'= b'08axfb'/ jh|frfo{ !!

%= :joDe"gfy xf]Og\ :joDe" dxfr}To a;Gt dxh{g !#

^= @)!( df n'lDagLdf !!% b]zsf kf}g] b'O{nfv ko{6s lbks l3ld/] !%

&= n'lDagLdf o;/L alg/x]sf] 5 kfFrxhf/ dflg; c6\g]=== cd[t lu/L !&

*= dfG5]nfO{ kz'eGbf tn /fVg] wd{zf:q lsg sfvL RofKg]–! 8f= sdnf x]dr'/L !(

(= cfkm} /f]uL ePkl5 sdngfy ld> @#

10. Correct Life: Buddha & Mental Health Pralhad Adhikari 25

!!= af}4 ultljlw @&


a'4 hGde"ldsf] ?kdf dfq ;Lldt geO{ a'4bz{g, 1fg, lzIff, a'4hLjgLsf af/]df klg w]/}eGbfw]/} hfgsf/L k|fKt ug{ ;lsg] cyfx ;fu/ xf] n'lDagL .t;y{ a'4 hGde"ldsf ;fy;fy} a'4sf] af/]df c?klg w]/} s'/f yfxf kfpg / hfgsf/L k|fKt ug{sf]nflu klg k|fs[lts ?kdf g} Pp6f v'Nnf ;+u|xfnosf]?kdf kl/lrt /x]sf] 5 n'lDagL .

n'lDagL cfpg] w]/}h;f] :jb]zL tyf afXoko{6sx?sn] 3'Dg jf e|d0f ug{ g5'6fpg] oxfFsf]Ps k|d'v uGtJo egf}+ jf ;a}eGbf klxnf k'Ugrfxg] 7fpF eg]sf] n'lDagLsf] dfofb]jL dlGb/xf] . To;}u/L o;;Fu} /x]sf czf]s :tDesf] klgbz{g / cjnf]sg ul/g] oxfFsf] k|d'v cfsif{0fxf] . olb s]xL lbgsf] n'lDagL a;fOnfO{ nDAofpg]xf] eg] dfofb]jL dlGb/ kl/;/ c´ egf}+ n'lDagLkl/;/df /xsf] ljleGg a'4wdf{jnDaL /fi6«åf/fcf–cfˆgf] b]zsf] k|ltlglwTj x'g] u/L oxfFsf] ;f}Gbo{tfclej[l4 ug{ lgdf{0f ul/Psf ljxf/x?sf] klgcjZo udg ug]{ ul/G5 .

n'lDagLsf] cfsif{0f jf o;sf] ;f}Gbo{tf jfo; 7fpFsf] dxTj oltdf dfq} ;Lldt 5}g . n'lDagLafx]s o; If]qdf kg]{ slknj:t', tf}lnxjf, lgUnLxjf,/fdu|fd, ltnf}/fsf]6 cflb klg oxfFsf yk cfsif{0fsfs]Gb|x? x'g\ .

n'lDagLsf] ;f}Gbo{tf lbgk|ltlbg a9\b} uO/x]sf]5 . n'lDagL lxhf] h'g :j?kdf lyof], Tof] cl:teGbflxhf], lxhf]eGbf cfh c´ al9 kl/is[t x'Fb} uO/x]sf]5 . t/ h'g?kdf n'lDagLsf] ;f}Gbo{tfnfO{ c´

utf°dfo; c°

k9f}+ k9fcf}+, ;dod}+ jflif{s u|fxs agf}+

cfgGb s'6L ljxf/ ;+:yf, kf]=a=g+= #))&, sf7df8f}+, kmf]gM $@&!$@)E-mail : [email protected]

[email protected]

n'lDagLdf y]/jfb af}4 ;+u|xfno

pb]g Gx";fo\[email protected]

– n'lDagLdf lgdf{0f eO/x]sf ljleGg ;+/rgf,x]g{ nfos ljz]iftf aLr xfn} oxfF csf]{ Ps gofFcfofd yKg] sfo{ ePsf] 5, Tof] xf] g]kfn y]/jfb af}4;+u|xfnosf] :yfkgf . of] ;+u|xfno dfq ;+u|xfnosf]nflu ;+u|xfno geO{ a'4bz{g, a'4lzIff, af}4 snf /;+:s[lt tyf ;flxTo, a'4f]kb]zsf] k|rf/k|;f/ x]t' of];+u|xfno :yfkgf ul/Psf] xf] . of] ;+u|xfnosf] ljz]iftfeGg' g} eujfg\ a'4n] lbg'ePsf] pkb]zdf cfwfl/ty]/jfb a'4wd{sf] Oltxf;b]lv jt{dfg ;dosf] ;lrqx]g{, hfGg / a'‰g kfpg' xf] .


al9 zf]efodfg agfpg NofOPsf] j[xQ/ u'?of]hgf5, To; cg';f/ eg] ult lng ;ls/x]sf] 5}g .n'lDagLdf ug'{kg]{ sfo{x? k"jf{wf/ ;+/rgf lgdf{0f,e}/xjfb]lv n'lDagL;Dd k'Ug] af6f] sfnf]kq ug]{sfo{ / oxfF leqsf cGo ;+/rgfx? klg ;DkGgug'{kg]{ oyfjt g} 5 .

of] ;do Psflt/ ;+3Lo ;/sf/n] /fli6«odxf]T;jsf] ?kdf …g]kfn e|d0f jif{–@)@)Ú dgfO/x]sf]5 eg] csf]{lt/ k||b]z g+= % ;/sfn] klg …n'lDagLe|d0f jif{Ú dgfO/x]sf] 5 . oL b'a} e|d0f jif{sf]d'Vo s]Gb|ljGb' jf cfsif{0f klg P]ltxfl;s, wfld{s,;f+:s[lts, k'/ftflTjs dxTjsf] ?kdf /x]sf] n'lDagLg} /x]sf] 5 . e}/xjfb]lv n'lDagL;Dd k'Ug] af6f]sf]w]/} h;f] 7fpFdf :t/f]Gglt, sfnf]kq ug]{ sfo{ rflxF

uPsf] jif{lbgsf] cjlwdf s]xL xb;Dd eg] k|ultePsf] 5 . t/ of] g} kof{Kt eg] x}g . o;df;Gtf]if ug{ nfos 5}g .

Psflt/ k|b]z % ;/sf/n] 3f]if0ff u/]sf] n'lDagLe|d0f jif{ ;lsg sl/a rf/ dlxgfsf] cjlw dfqafFsL 5 eg] csf]{lt/ ;+3Lo ;/sf/åf/f 3f]if0fful/Psf] g]kfn e|d0f jif{ ev{/} z'? dfq ePsf]5 . o:tf] cj:yfdf e}/xjfb]lv n'lDagL;Dd k'Ug];8ssf] cj:yf sltko 7fpFdf bogLo /x]sf] 5 .3fd nfUbf s'lx/f] nfUbf }́+ cufl8 s]xL gb]lvg]u/L w'nf] p8\g] / kfgL kbf{ kfOnf g} 6]Sg] 7fpFgx'g] u/L lxnfDo x'g] /f]un] oxfFsf] ;8sn] klgpGd'lQm kfpg ;s]sf] 5}g . oL ofjt ;d:ofsfafjh'b klg zflGtgfos tyfut zfSod'lg eujfg\uf}td a'4sf] kljq hGd:yn o; n'lDagLdf cfpg]ko{6s j tLyf{n' eQmhgx?sf] ;+Vofdf s'g} sldcfPsf] b]lv+b}g . hlt uPklg gc3fpg] jf dg;Gt'i6 gx'g] x/]s k6s hfFbf oxfFsf gofF gf}nf];+/rgfn] g} n'lDagLn] ;a}nfO{ plQs} cfslif{t ug{;s]sf] xf] eGbf cTo'lQm gxf]nf .

o;} qmddf oxfF lgdf{0f eO/x]sf ljleGg ;+/rgf,x]g{ nfos ljz]iftf aLr xfn} oxfF csf]{ Ps gofFcfofd yKg] sfo{ ePsf] 5, Tof] xf] g]kfn y]/jfbaf}4 ;+u|xfnosf] :yfkgf . of] ;+u|xfno dfq;+u|xfnosf] nflu ;+u|xfno geO{ a'4bz{g, a'4lzIff,

cu|0fL pkf;s pkfl;sfx?Prominent Buddhist Laities

k|bz{gLsIf k|fof]hsx?Sponsors of the Galleries


af}4 snf / ;+:s[lt tyf;flxTo, a '4f ]kb ]zsf ]k|rf/k|;f/ x]t' of] ;+u|xfno:yfkgf ul/Psf] xf] . of];+u|xfnosf] ljz]iftf eGg'g} eujfg\ a'4n] lbg'ePsf]pkb]zdf cfwfl/t y]/jfba'4wd{sf ] Oltxf;b]lvjt{dfg ;dosf] ;lrqx]g{, hfGg / a'‰g kfpg'xf] .

o f ] ; +u | x fnosf ]ljz]iftf eGg' g} oxfF a'4hLjgL, k|frLg /k'ghf{u/0fsfnsf y]/jfb a'4wd{sf P]ltxfl;s kIf,rf/ k|d'v af}4 tLy{:yn, af}4 jf:t'snf, y]/jfbd"lt{ Pj+ ;flxTo, y]/jfbL leIf' tyf cgfufl/sfk/Dk/f / pxfFx?n] cfˆgf] hLjgdf k|of]u ug'{ePsfcgluGtL ;fdu|L, /f0ffsfndf af}4 leIf'x?nfO{ul/Psf] b]z lgsfnf, y]/jfbL af}4 ;+3;+:yf, af}4k'/ftflTjs dxTjsf ;fdu|L Pj+ cGo af}4:y;lxta'4wd{sf] lj:tf/;DaGwL hfgsf/L lng ;lsg]nufotsf Uofn/Lx? /x]sf 5g\ .

o; ;+u|xfnosf d'Vo kl/sNkgfsf/ x'g\;+u|xfnoljb\ hns[i0f >]i7 . ;+:s[lt, ko{6g tyfgful/s p8\8og dGqfnoof k"j{ ;x;lrj ;d]t/xg'ePsf] >]i7n] cfheGbf !) jif{cufl8 g} o;;+u|xfnosf] kl/sNkgf ug'{ePsf] lyof] eg] clxn]of] ;+u|xfnosf] :yfkgf;Fu} pxfFsf] kl/sNkgfn]d"t{ ?k lnPsf] 5 .

af}4 ;+u|xfno :yfkgf ;f]r s;/L cfof] eGg]lh1f;fdf pxfF eGg'x'G5, …g]kfndf y]/jfb a'4wd{sf]k'ghf{u/0f Oltxf; sl/a !)) jif{ k'/fgf] 5 .of]eGbf cl3kl5 o;;DaGwL s'g}klg b:tfj]hclen]vLs/0f ul/Psf] 5}g / rng klg 5}g .k'ghf{u/0fsfnb]lv clxn];Dd ePu/]sf ;a} dxTjk"0f{j:t', ;fdu|Lsf] clen]vLs/0f ug]{, a'4lzIff af/]hgdfg;df hfu[t u/fpg], Ps} ynf]af6 a'4, a'4wd{/ o;af/] cWoog, cg';Gwfg ug]{ u/fpg] p2]Zo

cg'?k g} ;+u|xfnosf] kl/sNkgf u/L :yfkgfu/]sf] xf] .Ú

pxfFsf cg';f/ d"ntM ;+u|xfno :yfkgfsf]nflu rf/ rLhsf] clt cfjZos x'G5 . ;+u|xfnoljb\>]i7 eGgx'G5, …s'g} klg ;+u|xfnosf] nflu d'Vo?kdf rf/ rLhsf] clt g} cfjZos x'G5 . ;a}eGbfklxnf ;+u|xfnosf] nflu cfjZos ;fdu|Lsf] ;+sngx'g'k¥of], To;kl5 ;+u|xfno :yfkgfsf] nflu 7fpFjf ejg, To;kl5 cjnf]sgstf{ clg o;sf] ;+u|xfnoJoj:yfkg .Ú oL rf/ s'/f eof] eg] ;+u|xfno:yfkgfsf] p2]Zo klg k'/f x'g] pxfFsf] egfO /x]sf]5 .

Ps bzscufl8 g]kfn y]/jfb af}4 ;+u|xfno:yfkgf ug]{ h'g kl/sNkgf pxfFn] ug'{ePsf] lyof],To;nfO{ d""t{?k lbg] jf ;fsf/ kfg]{ sfo{ af}4dlxnf ;+3 g]kfnn] u/]sf] xf] . x'gt g]kfndf a'4,a'4wd{sf] lj:tf/, a'4sf] 1fg / lzIff, a'4wd{sf]hfu/0f, af}4 snf, ;+:s[lt, a'4f]kb]z cflbsf]k|rf/k|;f/ x]t' :yfkgf ul/Psf cglulGt af}4;+3;+:yfx? /x]sf 5g\ . af}4 dlxnf ;+3 g]kfnnfO{g} lsg 5gf}6 ul/of] / lsg k|fyldstf lbOof]eGg] k|Zgdf ;+u|xfnoljb\ >]i7n] eGg'eof], …d}n] w]/};+3;+:yfx?nfO{ x]/]+, ;+u|xfno :yfkgfsf] nflukxn ug{ cg'/f]w klg u/]+ . o; ;Gbe{df af}4dlxnf ;+3 g]kfn eg] Ps kfOnf cufl8 g} /x] .


Tof] lsg klg eGbf g]kfndf hlt klg af}4sfo{qmdx? x'g] u5{g\, tL ;a} bftfn] lbPsf rGbfsf]e/df x'g] ub{5 / o;sf] nflu bftfn] kTofpg'klg k¥of], Tof] vfnsf] ;+:yf klg x'g'k¥of] . ;+u|xfno:yfkgfsf] nflu of] ;+:yfnfO{ bftfn] ljZjf; u5{g\,of] ;+:yfn] cfly{s rnv]n jf lxgfldgf ub}{g,kf/bzL{ ?kdf sfo{ u5{, s'g} k|sf/n] uf]ndfn klgub}{g, o;/L g} bftfnfO{ wf]vf lbg] sfo{ klg ub}{geGg] 7"nf] ljZjf; ePsf]n] g} d}n] of] ;+:yfnfO{cg'/f]w u/]+ . ;f]xLcg';f/ ;+u|xfno :yfkgf ug]{sfo{n] cfh d"t{?k lnof] .Ú

of] ;+u|xfnosf] ljz]iftf eGg' g} k'ghf{u/0fsfndfleIf', cgfufl/sfx?n] k|of]u ug'{ePsf] ;fdu|L, h'gpxfFx? lbj+ut eO;s]kl5 sltkoxfn;Dd klg ljxf/df / sltkopxfFx?sf] 3/df lrgf]sf] ?kdf/flvPsf 5g\, To:tf ;fdu|Lx? cao;} ;+u|xfnodf ;'/lIft ?kdfk|bz{gdf /flvg] 5 . ;+u|xfnonfO{cfd hgdfg; ;dIf k'¥ofpg Jofksk|rf/k|;f/ ug'{kg]{ cfjZostf /x]sf]/ n'lDagL cfpg] x/]sn] Psk6s of];+u|xfno cjnf]sg ug'{k5{ eGg] efjgfhfu[t ug{' klg plQs} cfjZos /x]sf]pxfF eGg'x'G5 .

xfnnfO{ wdf]{bo ;efåf/f n'lDagLdf lgdf{0ful/Psf] :joDe" dxfr}Tosf] ue{df /x]sf] vfnL7fpF pkof]u ug]{u/L :yfkgf ul/Psf] of] ;+u|xfnosf]l8hfOg s0f{ dxh{gn] ug'{ePsf] xf] . dxh{gsfcg';f/ ;+u|xfnosf] l8hfOg ug'{ plt ;f¥xf] sfo{eg] x}g . …;+u|xfnosf] l8hfOg ug'{ eg]sf] o;sf]Yof]/Lcg';f/ Tolt 7"nf] sfo{ x}g . xfnnfO{ pknAwu/fOPsf] ;Lldt 7fpFdf klg cjnf]sg ug{nfosw]/}eGbf w]/} ;fdu|L /fVg ;lsg] ;Defjgf 5Ú,pxfF eGg'x'G5, …;/;fdfgsf] Joj:yfkg ug]{ sfo{n];+u|xfno slxNo} klg k"0f{ x'Fb}g . geP;Dd k'/fgf]/fVg] / k'/fgf] pknAw x'g] lalQs} gofFnfO{

k|lt:yfkg u/]/ k'/fgf]nfO{ dxTj lbFb} hfg] x'G5 .of] g} ;+u|xfnosf] ljz]iftf klg xf] .Ú

y]/jfb Do'lhodsf] dxTj af/] :ki6 kfg'{ x'Fb}pxfFn] eGg'eof], …a'4sf] hGdb]lv dxfkl/lgjf{0f;Dd,y]/jfb af}4 k/Dk/faf/] k"0f{?kdf hfgsf/L lng'k¥of]eg] n'lDagL :jo+ g} Ps v'Nnf ;+u|xfno xf], t/oxfF ;a} 5/ki6 cj:yfdf /x]sf] 5 . ca eg];+u|xfnon] of] ;a} cfjZostf Ps} 7fpFaf6} k"lt{ul/lbG5 .Ú

;+u|xfno :yfkgf ug]{ k|:tfj !) jif{ cufl8g} cfPsf] ePklg o;sf] nflu cu|;/tf lnO sfo{cl3 a9fpg] sfd ePsf] # jif{ dfq} ePsf] 5 .


oxL 5f]6f] cjlwdf g} ;+u|xfno :yfkgf ug]{;kgf ;fsf/ ePsf] 5 . ;+u|xfno :yfkgfy{ d'Voe"ldsf v]n]sf] af}4 dlxnf ;+3, g]kfnsf cWoIf;'hftf dfgGw/sf cg';f/ ;+u|xfnoljb\ >]i7n] !)jif{cufl8 g} pxfFx?nfO{ ;+u|xfno :yfkgfsf] nflukxn ug{ k|:tfj ug'{ePsf] /x]5 . 7"nf 7"nf af}4;+:yfx? /x]sf] 7fpFdf ;Lldt ;|f]t ;fwgsf] e/df;+rfng eO/x]sf] cfˆgf] h:tf] ;fgf] ;++:yfn] of]sfo{ cl3 a9fpg ;Qm}g eGg] 7fg]/ sl/a %, ^jif{;Dd r'krfk g} al;/x] . rf/ jif {cufl8o;;DaGwdf ;fdfGo 5nkmn rnfP . To;kZrft\pxfFx?n] ;+u|xfno :yfkgf g} ug]{ ;f]rsf ;fylg/Gt/ cl3 a9] .

…;+u|xfno :yfkgfsf] d"n p2]Zo eGg' g}a'4lzIffsf] k|rf/ u/]/ To;af6 dfgj hLjgdfslt;Dd nfe lbg ;lsG5, a'l4Hdsf] k|of]u, a'l4Hds] xf] < a'4;DaGwL cWoog cg';Gwfg u/L To;af/]hfgsf/L lbg' g} xf]Ú ;+3sL cWoIf dfgGw/+ eGg'x'G5,…a'4 Psf ;fwf/0f JolQm eP/ klg h;/L ;d:ofdfgj hutn] lsg / s;/L ;Tdfu{df nfUg' k5{,;a}sf] lxt / nfe x'G5, s;}nfO{ clxt ug]{ jfxfgL gf]S;fgL jf Ifo x'g] sfo{ gu/L slt;Dd;lsG5 sNof0fsf/L xf]pF eGg] ;Gb]z k|jfx ug]{xf] .Ú

;+u|xfnosf] nflu clxn];Dd h] hlt ;fdu|Lk|fKt ePsf] 5, tL ;a} bftfx?åf/f g} ;>4fpknAw u/fPsf] ;fdu|L /x]sf] ;+3sL k"j{ pkfWoIf;fy} ;+u|xfnosf ;+of]hs 8f= s]z/LnIdL dfgGw/atfpg'x'G5 . pxfFn] eGg'eof], …;+u|xfnosf] nflucfjZos ;fdu|L rt'kl/ifb\ -af}4 ;dfhdf leIf',leIf'0fL cyf{t\ cgfufl/sf, pkf;s / pkfl;sfnfO{Ps} zAbdf ;+af]wg ul/g] zAb xf] rt'kl/ifb\_ åf/fpknAw u/fOPsf] g} ;+sng u/L ;+u|x ul/Psf]5 . sltko leIf', cgfufl/sf a:g'ePsf] ljxf/ tsltko pxfFx?sf] 3/df g} ;+/If0f u/L /flvPsf;fdu|L ca ;+u|xfnosf] lgldQ bfg lbg' x'gcg'/f]w ub}{ hfg]5f}+ .Ú

…;+u|xfno :yfkgf ug]{ sfo{ dfq eof], t/ of]g} k"0f{ eg] x}g . o;nfO{ k"0f{tf lbg c´ w}/}sfo{x? ug'{5Ú, ;+of]hs dfgGw/ eGg'x'G5, …eP;Dd/ ;s];Dd leIf', cgfufl/sf u'?dfx?n] k|of]uug'{ePsf j:t'x? g} /flvg] 5, olb To:tf j:t'x?k|fKt gePdf jf x'g g;s]df To;sf] …l/lKnsfÚ-k|ltlnlk_ agfP/ ePklg /fVg] 5f}+ .Ú

;+u|xfnosf] nflu 5'6\6} cfˆgf] ejg lgdf{0fug]{ ;f]r klg /x]sf] atfpFb} pxfFn] n'lDagLdf g}/x]sf] y]/jfb ljxf/df vfnL hUuf /x]sf] / Tof]hUuf cfk"mx?nfO{ lbPsf] v08df ;f]xL :yfgdfkl5 5'6\6} ;+u|xfno ejg agfpg] pxfFn] eGg'eof] .n'lDagLdf g} lsg ;+u|xfno agfpg'k¥of] eGg] k|Zgsf]pQ/df pxfFn] eGg'eof], …of]afx]s c? s'g} 7fpFdfklg ;+u|xfno :yfkgf ug{ g;lsg] x}g, t/ c?7fpFdf o:tf] ;+u|xfno :yfkgf ug'{sf] s'g} dxTjg} x'Fb}g . lsgls c? s'g} 7fFpdf ;+u|xfno :yfkgfu¥of] eg] ToxfF sf]xL klg ;+u|xfno cjnf]sgug{s} nflu eg]/ hfFb}g eGg] xfd|f] lgisif{ xf] . t/oxfF n'lDagL :yfkgf u¥of] eg] oxfF ljleGg lhNnfaf63'Dg cfpg] ;a}hgf of] 7fpFdf klg k'U5, Psk6scjZo cjnf]sg u5{ . o;sf] dxTj klg a[l4 x'Fb}hfG5 .

eujfg\ a'4sf] hGd, u[xTofu, af]lw1fg k|flKt,dxfkl/lgjf{0f, k|frLg a'4wd{, /f0ffsfnLg ;dodfy]/jfb af}4 leIf'x?nfO{ ul/Psf] b]z lgsfnf,kl5 pxfFx?sf] k'g/fudg, y]/jfb af}4 k/Dk/fsf];+:yfut k|ltlglwTj, af}4 d"lt{, ;flxTo, n]v,x:tlnlvt ;+u|x u/L ;du|df a'4wd{sf] Oltxf;b]lvjt{dfg cj:yfsf ljljw kIf af/] ;Dk"0f{ hfgsf/Lk|fKt ug{ ;lsg], ;f] ;DaGwdf cWoog cg';Gwfgug]{ cj;/ h'/fpg] p2]Zocg'?k g} of] ;+u|xfno:yfkgf u/]sf] ;+3n] hgfPsf] 5 .

kl5 c´ Jojl:yt ug]{ u/L xfnnfO{ ;+u|xfno;+rfng / Joj:yfkgsf] lglDt pnAw ;Lldt;|f]t;fwgaf6 Ps hgtf u'?df+ / wdf]{bo;efaf6}Joj:yfkg x'g] u/L s]xL sd{rf/Lsf] Joj:yf ul/Psf]5 . KKKKK


lj~`f0fsf] /f]u eg]sf] s] xf] < clg To;lj~`f0fsf /f]unfO{ lgsf] kfg]{ lrlsT;s sf] < eGg]s'/f yfxf kfof] . lj~`f0fsf] /f]u lgsf] kfg]{ cfkm} xf]eGg] yfxf kfof] eg] rfF8} /f]u lgsf] kfb{5 clg tLcfˆgf] /f]u lgsf] kfg]{ sfd ug]{ yfxf kfof] ls sfd ug'{7Ls x'G5 . xfdLn] o;nfO{ yfxf gePsf] avt cfˆg}tfndf ug]{ dg kg]{ x'G5 . h;/L lgsf] kfg{ ufx|f] l6=lj=/f]u, SofG;/ /f]u h:tf] /f]un] ;tfPsf JolQmn] cfk"mnfO{o:tf] /f]u nfu]sf] 5 eg]/ yfxf geP;Dd ltgLx?n]cfˆgf] cfˆgf] tl/sfn] ug]{ dg kg]{ x'G5 . h;/L l6=lj=/f]u SofG;/ /f]u h:tf] /f]u nfu]sfn] cfkm"nfO{ o:tf]/f]u nfu]sf] eg]/ yfxf geP;Dd pgLx? cfˆgf] cfˆgf]tl/sfn] /fd|f] ;Dem]/ sfd ul//xG5, To;nfO{ cf}iflwpkrf/ ug]{ tkm{ Wofg lb+b}g, kl5 Tof] /f]un] u|:t eof]ls cf}iflwaf6 pkrf/ geP/ d/]/ hfg] x'G5 .

xfdLx? To;/L k|dflb eP/ /xg' x'Fb}g . To:tf]e}/xg]nfO{ k|dflb eGb5 . eujfg\ a'4n] klg o;/LeGg'ePsf] 5 ls æk|dflb aGg' x'Fb}g, ck|dflb ;DkGgeP/ /xg' kb{5 .Æ To;}n] ck|dflb x'g]n] o;/L ljrf/u/]/ x]g'{ kb{5, dnfO{ lj~`f0fsf] /f]u e}/fv]sf] 5 ls5}g, clg To; lj~`f0fsf] /f]usf sL/f lrGg] sfdul//xg'kb{5, clg dflg;n] k|fKt ug'{kg]{ ;aeGbf pQdsf]u'0fnfO{ oxL hGddf g} k|fKt ug{ ;Sg] x'G5 . o;dfklg xfdLn] ulxl/P/ x]¥of+} eg] cf;Qm eP/ tfFl;g]eg]sf] ToxL /f]u xf] ls cyjf /f]usf] sL/f xf], clgToxL /f]u s;/L km}lnof] eGg] ljifo xfdLn] xf];k"j{sx]¥of}+ eg] k|To]s JolQmn] o;/L x]g{ ;lsG5, d d]/f] eg]/cf;Qm eP/ tfFl;/xg', d d]/f] eg]/ ;a} Sn]zsf] d"nlap xf] .

Sn]z eg]sf] nf]e, å]if, df]x eg] klg x'G5 . /fu,å]if , df]x eg] klg x'G5 km]l/ Tof]eGbf klg lj:t[t ?kn]hfFbf ;f]x| k|sf/sf Sn]z eg] klg x'G5, cem Tof] klg

k|dflbt aGg' x'Fb}g, ck|dflb ;DaGw /xg' k5{

cg'= nf]saxfb'/ zfSo– eujfg\ a'4n] klg o;/L eGg'ePsf] 5 ls

æk|dflb aGg' x'Fb}g, ck|dflb ;DkGg eP/ /xg' kb{5 .ÆTo;}n] ck|dflb x'g]n] o;/L ljrf/ u/]/ x]g'{ kb{5,dnfO{ lj~`f0fsf] /f]u e}/fv]sf] 5 ls 5}g, clg To;lj~`f0fsf] /f]usf sL/f lrGg] sfd ul//xg'kb{5,clg dflg;n] k|fKt ug'{kg]{ ;aeGbf pQdsf] u'0fnfO{oxL hGddf g} k|fKt ug{ ;Sg] x'G5 . o;df klgxfdLn] ulxl/P/ x]¥of+} eg] cf;Qm eP/ tfFl;g] eg]sf]ToxL /f]u xf] ls cyjf /f]usf] sL/f xf], clg ToxL /f]us;/L km}lnof] eGg] ljifo xfdLn] xf];k"j{s x]¥of}+ eg]k|To]s JolQmn] o;/L x]g{ ;lsG5, d d]/f] eg]/ cf;QmeP/ tfFl;/xg', d d]/f] eg]/ ;a} Sn]zsf] d"n lapxf ] .

nf]e, å]if df]xleq kg{ cfpF5 . km]l/ nf]e, å]if, df]xnfO{klg lgrf]/]]/ ln+bf Ps dfq afFls /xG5, d d]/f] eGg]efjgf pTkGg eP/ cfpg] xf] . d d]/f] eGg] efjgflar}af6 (Nucleus) eP/ aflx/ cfP/ nf]e, bf]if, df]xpTkGg eP/ cfpg] xf] . clg To;af6 nf]e pTkGg eP/cfpF5 . To;f] eg]sf] cf/Dd0f eP/ cfpg] lalQs}dnfO{ o:tf] rflxof] eGg] xf] cyjf dg kg]{ xf], clgTo;af6 tflg/fv]sf] xf] . olb To;a]nf Tof] cf/Dd0fcfPsf] ljkl/t sfd eof] eg] å]if cyjf qmf]w pTkGgeP/ cfpF5 . t/ slxn]sflxF o;f] u?Fls p;f] u?Fe}/xG5, ToxL 3'ld/xG5, oxL df]x xf] .

/fu cyjf nf]e eg]sf] cf/Dd0fnfO{ tflg/xg] xf] .tfgftfg u/]/ ha/hl:t ug]{ xf], qmf]w cyjf bf]ifeg]sf] ws]ln/xg] xf], df]x eg]sf] o;/L eg]/ lg0f{o ug{g;ls, s;/L u/]/ x'G5 eg]/ To;]df g} lrlGtt eP/tfGg] klg g;Sg], 3r]8\g klg g;Sg] e}/xg] xf] . tLgk|sf/sf] Sn]z ?k, zAb, uGw, /;, :kz{sf] cf/Dd0fdfnfu]kl5 To; cf/Dd0f s;/L cfpg] xf], k|s6?kn]cfpg] xf]ls ck|s6?kn] To;nfO{ tfg]/ lng] xf]ls,3r]t]/ k7fpg] xf] cyjf s]lx klg lg0f{o ug{ g;sL


lhNn kl//xg] xf] . oL tLg klg cnu cnu ePklgtL Sn]z g} xf] . tL leqb]lv pTkGg eP/ cfPsf] d, d]/f]eGg] efjgfaf6 k|s6 ePsf] xf] . clg of] d d]/f] efjgfd"n sf/0f eP/ ;a} b'Mvsf] d"n sf/0f cyjf ;a}/f]usf] d"n sf/0f eof] . eujfg\ a'4n] b'Mvsf] ljifob]zgf ug'{ePsf]nfO{ /fd|/L ljrf/ u/]/ gx]/]sf]n] xfdLn]e"n ul//x]sf 5f}+ . xfdLn] o;/L a'em\of}+— hGd x'g'klgb'Mv xf] . a'9f] x'g' klg b'Mv xf], OToflb cfsf/ cg';f/5'6\ofO{–b]vfO/fv]sf] To; cfsf/sf] nIf0f dfq xf]clg To;nfO{ cGtdf jxfFn] o;/L cf1f ug'{eof]æ;ª\lvQ]g k~r'kfbfgSvGwf b'SvfÆ To;sf] cy{ xf]—;+lIfKtn] eGg'kbf{ k~r:sGwdf cf;St eP/ 6fFl;/xg'pkfbfg ToxL b'Mv xf] . To;f] eg]sf] h]df klg cf;Qme}/xg', u/fO/fv] klg To;df d, d]/f] egL elg/xg' g}b'Mv xf] . h;df cgf;Qm eP/ d d]/f] eGg] x'Fb}g, ToxfFb'Mv x'Fb}g .

hGd x'g], a'9f x'g], /f]u x'g], d/]/ hfg], h] ePklgcf;Qm eP/ d d]/f] egL ;dft]g eg] ToxfF b'Mv x'Fb}g,hGd x'g], a'9f x'g], /f]u x'g], d/]/ hfg]nfO{ dd d]/f] egLcf;Qm e}/xg' g} b'Mv xf] . z/L/ / dg klg ToLt} xf],z/L/ / dg eP/ klg b'Mv x'g] klg xf]Og . hlxn] dd]/f] eg]/ cf;Qm x'G5, To;a]nf dfq b'Mv x'G5 . z/L// dg dfq eP/ To;nfO{ kl/z'4 u/]/ /fVg ;s] eg]d d]/f] eGg] efjgf ldn]g eg] ToxfF b'Mv x'Fb}g .h:tf]ls xfdLn] c/xGt eg]/ elg/xg]x?sf] z/L/ /dg kl/z'4 eP/ ;kmf ePsf]n] d d]/f] eg]/ Sn]zx?gldn]sf]n] pgLx?nfO{ b'Mv gePsf], b'Mv eg]sf] cg'ejx'Fb}g . b'Mvsf] d"n sf/0f g} d d]/f] eGg] ePsf]n] xf]eg]/ hfGg' kb{5 . cf;St eP/ 6fFl;/xg' eGg] ePsf]n]xf] eg]/ hfGg' kb{5 . cljBfn] b'Mv pTkGg ul/lbG5 .z"Gotfdf /fVg g;s] lbSbf/ x'G5 o;f] u?F To;f] u?F5}g, To;sf/0f d d]/f] eGg] ePsf] sf/0f xf] . To;sf]pN6f s] eg] d d]/f] eGg] lrQnfO{ cnu u/]/ /fVg ;s]p;sf] lrQ z"Gotfn] el//xG5 clg ps';d's'; x'Fb}gd d]/f] eGg] efj klg x'Fb}g clg p;sf] lrQdf ;ltk~`f-:d[ltk|1f_ el//xG5 . KKKKK

-;Gbe{ >f]t M a'4zf;gof ;f/, n]vs M leSv'a'4bf;M yfOn}08, cg'jfb M wL/ ;'d]wf]_

x] Û cfdf

–k'/g axfb'/ zfSo

eujtL6f]n–#, tfg;]g

gf}nf] laxfgLsf] ls/0f, ;'gf}nflxd–6fs'/f Ûd 3'Db} lkmb}{ …ef] zf:tfÚ,r}Go / u'Daf ÛÛb'O{ xTs]nf hf]8L ;fb/–jGbgf u/L Ûd ltdLnfO{ vf]Hb}, k'sfb}{5' x] Û cfdf ÛÛ

k"0fL{dfsf] h"guf]w"nL ;fFem, dfofb]jLdlGb/ Ûb'O{ xftdflbklnO, dlGb/ kl/qmdfub}{ ÛÛcltAofs'n of] dg ltdLnfO{ ;lDemb} ÛsxfF5f}F sxfFltdL x] Û cfdf ÛÛ

cfdf Û ltd|f] ljof]udf, of] dg eP5hng Û5}g oxfFs'g} lrh, nufp d s'gdnd ÛÛx] Û cfdfltdL g} xf} Tof] dnd, cfpm ;ldkdf Ûlgsf] x'g]5 d]/f] cfnf] 3fpF, lalGtltdLcfpm ÛÛ

;bf ltd|f] cfudgdf, /dfpg] d]/f] dg Ûcfhltd|f] ljof]udf of] dg, e} /x]5 a]r}g ÛÛx] Û cfdfcflv/ lsg5f8]/ uof} lar ;fu/df ÛcfF;' n'sfO{ v'zLaf8\b}, afFlr/x]5' ;a}sf] dfFemdf ÛÛ

cfdf ;]tf] gbLem} clj/n aUg], Tof] ltd|f] dfof Ûcfhem/gf em} em/]5, ;bf dfof ug]{ Tof] ltd|f] d'6' ÛÛcfhhn]/ v/fgLeP5, ;Demgf–ofbcfpF5 Ûs;/L ;Demfpm ;Dxfnf}+, of] dgnfO{ x] Û cfdf ÛÛ


@)= ;ldl4–;'Qsfn c1ft 5, ef]u Tofu gug"{

@@= o:tf] d}n] ;'g]+ . Ps ;do eujfg\ /fhu[xsf]tkf]bf/fddf a;L /xg'ePsf] lyof] . ta, cfo'idfg\ ;d[l4piffsfndf p7]/ g'xfpg hxfF tkf]bf -tftf]kfgL_ 5, ToxfFuP . tkf]bfdf g'xfPkl5 Pp6f dfq rLj/ nufP/ aflx/pleP/} uft -Ho"_ ;'sfO{ /xg' ePsf] lyof] . ta s'g} Psb]jtf /ft lat]kl5 ;'Gb/ ¿k wf/0f u/L tkf]8f hDd}cfnf]lst kf/L hxfF cfo'idfg\ ;d[4 5, ToxfF cfP . cfP/cfsfzdf pleP/ g} of] ufyf o;f] eg]—

æleIf' Û tkfO{+n] lagf ef]u leIff6g ub}{ x'g'x'G5 .

tkfO{+n] ef]u u/]/ leIff6g ug'{x'Gg,

leIf' Û tkfO{+n] ef]u u/]/ leIff6g ug'{xf];\,

sfn -;do_ nfO{ To;} v]/ gkmfNg'xf];\ .Æ

-;d[l4—_ æsfnnfO{ d}n] hfg]sf] 5}g, sfn t c1ft5,

o;sf] s'g} 7]ufg 5}g,

To;}n], ef]u gu/Lsg d}n] leIff dfU5',

d]/f] sfn v]/ uO/x]sf] 5}g .

@#= ta tL b]jtfn] k[YjLdf cf]nL{ dnfO{ o;tf] eg]—æleIf' Û tkfO{+ w]/} sd pd]/df tGg]/L 5Fbf k|j|lht x'g'eof],clxn] tkfO{+ eb| of}jgsf] cj:yfdf x'g'x'G5 . s]z sfn} 5,j}+z k'u]sf] pd]/df tkfO{+n] ;+;f/sf] sfd;'vsf] :jfb;Ddklg lng' ePg -hfg]sf] 5}g_ . leIf' Û tkfO{+n] clxn] ;+;f/sf]df]h dl:t ug'{xf];\ . leIf' Û clulNt/sf] s'/fnfO{ 5f]8]/ kl5x'g] -eljio_ sf] lgldQ gbu'g'{;\ .Æ

@$= xf]Og, cfj';f] Û d}n] clulNt/sf] s'/fnfO[ 5f]8]/kl5 x'g]sf] lgldQ bu'/]sf] 5}g . cfj';f] Û d t eljiodfx'g] s'/fnfO{ 5f]8]/ jt{dfg ;dodf eO/x]sf] s'/fdf nfu]sf]5' . eujfg\n] eGg'ePs} 5— ;f+;fl/s sfdef]u eg]sf]sfnsf] j:t' xf], To;sf] kl5 nfUof] eg] w]/} b'Mv ef]Ug'kg]{x'G5 . w]/} pkfof; em]Ng'kg]{ x'G5, To;df y'k|}y'k|} cfbLgj

-bf]if_ 5g\ . km]/L of] wd{n] x]bf{x]b}{ -;fGb[li6s_ kmn lbG5,c–sflns 5, …cfpm, x]/Ú, egL af]nfP/ b]vfpg x'g],cf}kglos 5, lj1k'?ifåf/f k|ToIfLs/0fLo 5 .Æ

æleIf' Û eujfg\n] ;f+;fl/s sfdef]unfO{ s;/L w]/};dosf] ljifo xf] egL atfpg ePsf] 5< o;sf] kl5nfUof] eg] s;/L w]/} b'Mv ef]Ug'kg]{ x'G5, s;/L w]/} si6p7fpg'kg]{ x'G5< o;/L s;/L w]/} pkfof; em]Ng' kg]{ x'G5<wd{n] s;/L ;fGb[li6s kmn lbG5 < s;/L c–sflns x'G5<s;/L cfpm, x]/ egL af]nfP/ b]vfpgx'g] x'G5< s;/Lcf}kglos x'G5 < lj1k'?ifåf/f s;/L k|ToIfLs/0fLo x'G5<Æ

æcfj';f] Û d xfn}dfq gofF k|j|lht ePsf] x'F . To;}n]o; wd{ljgoaf/] d}n] lj:t[t ¿kdf atfpg ;lSbg . pxfFeujfg\ cx{t\ ;Dos\;Da'4 /fhu[xl:yt tkf]bf/fddf ljxf/u/L /xg' ePsf] 5 . To;}n] pxfFsf] ;ldk hfg'eO{ o;af/];f]Wg hfg'xf];\, eujfg\n] h] eGg'x'G5, To;nfO{ g};Demg'xf];\ .

æxf]Og, leIf' Û xfdLh:tf -;fwf/0f b]jtf_ n] a'4e]6\g ;lhnf] 5}g . -;Fw}+_ 7"N7"nf cGo t]h:jL b]jtfx?n]pxfFnfO{ 3]l/ /x]sf x'G5g\ . leIf' Û olb tkfO{+n] g} eujfg\sxfFuO{ o; ljifodf ;f]lwlbg' ePdf dd klg ToxfF wd{b]zgf;'Ggsf] nflu cfpg kfpg]5' .

@%= æx'G5, cfj';f] ÛÆ egL cfo'idfg\ ;d[l4n] tLb]jtfnfO{ k|To'Q/ lbO hxfF eujfg\ x'g'x'GYof], ToxfF uP .ToxfF eujfg\nfO{ clejfbg u/L Ps 5]p a;] . Ps5]pa;]sf cfo'idfg\ ;d[l4n] eujfg\ ;dIf o;/L lalGt u/]—æeGt] Û -cfh_ piffsfndf p7]/ g'xfpg hxfF tkf]bf 5,ToxfF uPF . tkf]bfdf g'xfPkl5 Pp6f dfq rLj/ nufP/aflx/} pleP/} uft -Ho"_ ;'sfO{ /x]sf] lyPF . ta s'g} psb]jtf /ft lat]kl5 ;'Gb/ ¿k wf/0f u/L oxfF d lyPF, ToxfFcfP . cfP/, cfsfzdf pleP/ g} of] ufyf o;/L eg]+—

æleIf' Û tkfO{+n] lagf ef]u leIff6g ub}{ x'g'x'G5 .

tkfO{+n] ef]u u/]/ leIff6g ug'{x'Gg,

leIf' Û tkfO{+n] ef]u u/]/ leIff6g gug'{xf];\,

sfn -;do_ nfO{ To;} v]/ gkmfNg'xf];\ .Æ

eGt] Û o:tf] eGbf, d}n] tL b]jtfnfO{ o; ufyfåf/feg]—

;+o'Qlgsfo ;ufy jUuf] M #

cg'= b'08axfb'/ jh|frfo{


æsfnnfO{ d}n] hfg]sf] 5}g, sfn t c1ft 5,

o;sf] s'g} 7]ufg 5}g,

To;}n], ef]u gu/Lsg d}n] leIff dfU5',

d]/f] sfn v]/ uO/x]sf] 5}g .

ta tL b]jtfn] k[YjLdf cf]nL{ dnfO{ o:tf] eg]—æleIf' Û tkfO{+ w]/} sd pd]/df tGg]/L 5Fbf k|j|lht x'g'eof],clxn] tkfO{+ eb| of}jgsf] cj:yfdf x'g'x'G5 . s]z sfn}5, j}+z k'u]sf] pd]/df tkfO{+n] ;+;f/sf] sfd;'vsf] :jfb;Ddkklg lng' ePg -hfg]sf] 5}g_ leIf' Û clulNt/sf] s'/fnfO{5f]8]/ kl5 x'g] -eljio_ sf] lgldQ gbu'g{';\ .Æ

@&= eGt] Û o:tf] eGbf, d}n] tL b]jtfnfO{ o;f] eg]+—xf]Og cfj';f] Û d}n] clulNt/sf] s'/fnfO{ 5f]8]/ kl5 x'g]sf]lgldQ bu'/]sf] 5}g . cfj';f] Û d t eljiodf x'g] s'/fnfO{5f]8]/ jt{dfg ;dodf eO/x]sf] s'/fdf nfu]sf] 5' . eujfg\n]eGg'ePs} 5— ;f+;fl/s sfdef]u eg]sf] sfnsf] j:t' xf],To;sf] kl5 nfUof] eg] w]/} b'Mv ef]Ug' kg]{ x'G5 . w]/}pkfof; em]Ng' kg]{ x'G5, To;df y'k|} y'k|} cfbLgj -bf]if_5g\ . km]/L of] wd{n] x]bf{ x]b}{ -;fGb[li6s_ kmn lbG5, c–sflns 5, cfpm, x]/, egL af]nfP/ b]vfpg x'g], cf}kglos5, lj1k'?ifåf/f k|ToIfLs/0fLo 5 .Æ

æeGt] Û d}n] o;/L eGbf tL b]jtfn] dnfO{ o;/Leg]—

æcfj';f] Û d xfn}dfq gofF k|j|lht ePsf] x'F . To;}n]o; wd{ljgoaf/] d}n] lj:t[t ¿kdf atfpg ;lSbg . pxfFeujfg\ cx{t\ ;Dos\;Da'4 /fhu[xl:yt tkf]bf/fddf ljxf/u/L /xg' ePsf] 5 . To;}n] pxfFsf] ;ldk hfg'eO{ o;af/];f]Wg hfg'xf];\, eujfg\n] h] eGg'x'G5, To;nfO{ g};Demg'xf];\ .

æeGt] Û o:tf] eGbf tL b]jtfn] dnfO{ o;f] eg]—

æleIf' Û xfdLh:tf -;fwf/0f b]jtf_ n] a'4 e]6\g;lhnf] 5}g . -;Fw}+_ 7"n7"nf cGo t]h:jL b]jtfx?n] pxfFnfO{3]l/ /x]sf x'G5g\ . leIf' Û olb tkfO{+n] g} eujfg\sxfF uO{o; ljifodf ;f]lwlbg' ePdf d klg ToxfF wd{b]zgf ;'Ggsf]nflu cfpg kfpg]5' .

t]>f] ;d"x M zlQ -efnf_ ju{

@!= ;lQ–;'Q@@= km';lt–;'Q

@#= h6f–;'Q-!_ æzLndf k|ltli7t ePsf] k|1fjfg\ dg'ion], k|1f

lrQnfO{ efjgf -Wofg_ u/L, Sn]znfO{ tKt kfg]{ ck|dQleIf'n], ;f] h6fnfO{ 5'6Øfpg ;Sb5 .Æ

-@_ æh;sf] /fu, å]if / cljBf 5'l6;Sof], hf] IfL0ff;|jc/xGt x'g\, pgLx?sf] h6f 5'l6;s]sf] x'G5 .Æ

-#_ æhxfF gfd–¿k k"0f{tof lg?4 ePsf] x'G5, hxfFk|lt3 -leqLdgsf] å]ifefj_ / ¿k–;+1f klg lg?4 ePsf]x'g5, oxL g} ;f] h6f ;d'lR5Gg x'G5 .Æ

@$= dgf]lgjf/0f–;'Q@%= c/xGt–;'Q@^= kHhf]t–;'Q

-!_ s]nfO{ 5]bg ugf{n] ;'vk"j{s lgbfpF5 < s]nfO{5]bg ugf{n] zf]s x'Gg < s'g Ps wd{ -Öj:t'_ nfO{ jwug'{df uf}td ?rfpg' x'G5 <K

laZj df]6/ 6]«8;{v–@, $)*, k'tln;8s, sf7df8f}+, g]kfn .kmf]g g+=M $@#*!$&, $)#))$$, )!@@(@@#)

E-mail: [email protected]

6f]of]6f, ldT;'lal;, lgzfg, O;'h', ;'h'lsOToflb ufl8sf kf6{;\x?sf] ;fy} Jofl6« / OGe6{/sf]

nflu ;Dks{ ug'{xf];\ .

kfk sd{ -cs'zn sd{_ slxNo} gug'{k'0o -s'zn sd{_ ub}{ hfg' .cfkm\gf] lrQnfO{ -dg_ z'4 ug'{

oxL g} a'4sf] pkb]z xf]


:joDe"gfy xf]Og\ :joDe" dxfr}To

j;Gt dxh{g

vr{ u/]/ k|rf/k|;f/ ug{'kg]{df pN6} cfDbfgLsf]/fd|f] ;|f]t x'g' ko{6sLo If]qsf] ljz]iftf xf], t/o; If]qsf af/]df unt hfgsf/L k|jfx x'g' s'g}b[li6n] plrt 5}g .

P]ltxfl;s Pj+ wfld{s dxTjsf] k|l;4 …:joDe"dxfr}ToÚ nfO{ :joDe"gfy eGg' q'l6k"0f{ 5 . of]dfq xf]Og s'g} klg k'/ftflTjs ;DkbfnfO{ j}rfl/s/ª kf]t]/ 5'§} klxrfg lbnfpg' cfklQhgs 5 .

uf]kfn /fh–j+zfjnLdf …vf;f} r]tÚ / kl08tcd[tfgGbåf/f lnlvt wd{sf]z–;Ë|xdf …vf;flryÚelgPsf] k|rlnt …vfl:t dxfr}ToÚ sf] gfdaf6kl/lrt ;Dkbf:ynnfO{ s] z'l4n] xf] PsfPs gfdkl/jt{g u/L …af}4gfy :t"kÚ elgof] . of] ts{;Ët5}g . ljZj;Dkbf ;"rLdf gfd btf{ ubf{ klgdf}lns gfdaf6 geP/ kl5 /flvPsf] gfd k|of]uul/Psf] 5 .

:joDe" dxfr}Tosf] lgdf{0f ;DaGwdf s'g}P]ltxfl;s tyf k'/ftflTjs k|df0f kfOg;s] klgxfn;Dd k|fKt tYon] of] O:jLsf] rf}yf] ztfAbLeGbfcl3 g} dxTjk"0f{ :ynsf] ?kdf ljsf; eO;s]sf]b]vfpF5 . wfld{s If]qdf gfy ;Dk|bfosf] Oltxf;gjf}+bzf}+ ztfAbLkl5 dfq} e]l6G5 .

af}4:yn;Fu gfy ;Dk|bfosf] s'g} ;DaGw 5}g/ To:tf] s]xL ultljlw klg x'Fb}g . kz'kltsf;Gbe{df klg gfy zAb kl5 hf]l8Psf] xf] . af}4;Dkbf:yndf c;fGble{s tj/n] …gfyÚ zAb hf]l8+bf;d]t Oltxf; / ;+:s[lt ljifo;Da4 JolQmTjx¿n]

v08g gug{'n] of] ljifok|lt pgLx? ;+j]bgzLng/x]sf] k|i6\ofpF5 .

o:tf ;Dkbf:yndf ljb]zL ko{6sx?nfO{kyk|bz{g ug]{ slt …6'l/:6 ufO8Ú x?n] t :joDe"dxfr}TonfO{ …d+sL 6]DknÚ eg]/ lrgfO/x]sf] e]l6G5 .pgLx¿n] :joDe" zAbsf] cy{ a'‰g g;Sbf /jl/kl/ afFb/ b]lvPs} e/df …d+sL 6]DknÚ eGg'x'Fb};Ddsf] x]nr]S¥ofOF xf] .

:joDe" dxfr}To . t:jL/ M OGb| >]i7


j[4f>dnfO{ ;xof]u

lbj+ut leIf' ;'d+un dxf:ylj/af6 :yflkt tyfxfn a'4ljxf/ e[s'6Ld08kaf6 ;+/lIft ag]kfsf] af}4j[4f>dnfO{ ef}lts k"jf{wf/, cf>d ;+rfngfy{ s'g}klg?kdf >4fn' bftfx?af6 ;xof]u ug{ ;Sg'x'G5, oxfFx?sf]cfly{s ;xof]un] dfq cf>dnfO{ lg/Gt/tf lbg ;lsg]ePsfn] j[4f>d ;xof]usf] ck]Iff /fVb5 .

o;}qmddf j[4f>dsf nflu ;xof]u ug]{ lgDgbftfx?nfO{ j[4f>dsf] tkm{af6 xflb{s ;fw'jfb JoQmub{5 .

!_ k|]d/Tg zfSo, zfSo kfp/f]6L, ag]kfaf6 ?= @,))).-b'O{xhf/_ .

@_ lbj+ut kTgL u0f]zdfof gsdL{sf] jflif{s k'0oltlysf]pknIodf /fdbf; gsdL{, ag]kf—————* af6 ?= #@@%.-tLg{xhf/ b'O{;o kRrL;_ .

#_ o'lg6L art tyf C0f ;xsf/L ;+:yfsf] :yfkgflbj;jsf] pknIodf rfdn %) s]hL, lrgL %s]hL, rfprfp ! aS;, b"w, kmnk"n, la:s'6;xof]u k|fKt .

$_ ;g'k vgfnsf] hGdlbgsf] pknIodf rfdn %)s]hL, bfn % s]hL, u]8fu'8L ̂ s]hLnufot cGo;fdu|L .

%_ JCI Patan, JCI Kavre & JCI Kavre Ladyaf6 cf>djf;LnfO{ Anfo+s]6 tyf rfdn @) s]hL;xof]u k|fKt .

^_ kmfu'g !! ut] lbj+ut k|mfo\s sfo:ysf] k'0o:d[ltdflktf b}j1/fh tyf dftf ljhof sfo:y kl/jf/af6leIf';+3;lxt cf>djf;LnfO{ ef]hg bfg .

d}qLk"0f{ z'e]R5f;lxt M cf>dsf] ;xof]ufy{

;a} dxfg'efjx?n] ;Dks{ ug{ ;Sg'x'g]5 — cWoIf, leIf' sf]08Go

af}4 j[4f>d, ag]kfkmf]gM )!!–^^@*$(, -tLg bf]af6f] x'Fb} gfnfhfg] Wofgdfu{_

gu/ ;Dks{ M a'4ljxf/ e[s'6Ld08k, kmf]gM (*%!)$^!**, $@@^&)@

;Nnfxsf/ M b}j1/fh sfo:y, ag]kfkmf]gM (*$#)@)^$^

Tolt dfq xf]Og kz'kltgfynfO{ …PN8/ a|b/Ú/ :joDe"gfynfO{ …oË/ a|b/Ú elg/x]sf x'G5g\ .ljb]zaf6 k|sflzt w]/} …ufO8 a"sÚ x?df g]kfnsf]ko{6sLo :ynsf] j0f{g ubf{ o;nfO{ …d+sL 6]DknÚeg]/} pNn]v x'g yfln;s]sf] 5 . oxL s'/f g]kfnsf]ko{6g If]qdf :yflkt dfGotf h:t} x'g'n] of] If]qslt xr'jfsf] e/df rNbf] /x]5 eGg] b]vfpF5 .

kyk|bz{sn] xg'dfg9f]sf kl/;/ k'Ug] ko{6snfO{sfne}/jsf] d"lt{ b]vfP/ …ANofs e}/jÚ / Zj]te}/jsf] d"lt{nfO{ …XjfO6 e}/jÚ eGg] q'l6 cem} ul//x]sf5g\ . oxfF …sfnÚ zAbn] sfnf] /ª xf]Og ;do;Fu;DaGw /fV5 . To:t} …Zj]t e}/jÚ n] j0f{ dfq}a'emfpF5, gfd a]Un} 5 . kßkfl0f nf]s]Zj/ -/Qmfjnf]lst]Zj/_ nfO{ /ftf] dT:o]Gb|gfy / cdf]3kfznf]s]Zj/ -cfof{jnf]lst]Zj/_ nfO{ ;]tf] dT:o]Gb|gfyeGg' klg To:t} uNtL xf] .

ko{6sLo:yn ljb]zL d'b|f cfDbfgL ug]{ ;|f]tdfq} geP/ cfˆgf] b]z, ;dfh / ;+:s[lt tyfOltxf; ljZj;fd' k|:t't ug]{ ;zQm dfWod klgxf] .

g]kfnL Oltxf;sf gfddf ldys jf skf]nslNktsyf k|:t't ug]{ k/Dk/f k'/fg} xf] . sNkgf u/]/g]kfnsf] Oltxf; agfpg] r]i6f ug{'eGbf j}1flgs9Ën] ljZn]if0f u/]/ s'g} klg s'/fsf] tYo;Dd k'Ug'plrt x'G5 . ;+:sf/ / ;+:s[ltnfO{ klg j}1flgs9Ën] s]nfpg ;lsG5 .

;fdfGo ef}lts s'/fnfO{ klg b}jL rdTsf/eGb} b]jTjs/0f ug{' / ;j{;fwf/0fsf ;fy} ko{6snfO{klg ToxL s'/f k:sg' nHhf:kb g} dfGg'k5{ .e"ue{df ;l~rt UofF; lg:s]/ cfuf] aln/x]sf] s'/fnfO{HjfnfdfO{ jf b}jLzlQmsf ?kdf k|:t't ug{' emg}cj}1flgs x'g' xf] .

af}l4s If]qdf cWoog, cg';Gwfg / ljrf/–ljdz{ eO{ Psdt eO;s]sf s'/fx¿ klg z}lIfstyf ko{6gsf If]qdf unt s'/fn] lg/Gt/tf kfO/fVg'plrt xf]Og . K


@)!( df n'lDagLdf !!% b]zsf kf}g] b'O{nfv ko{6s

lbks l3ld/]– n'lDagLdf ;g\ @)!( sf] hgj/Ldf !#

xhf/ ^ ;o !(, km]A?c/Ldf @% xhf/ * ;o ^*,

dfr{df @( xhf/ $)), clk|ndf * xhf/ ^ ;o %),

d]df # xhf/ @ ;o @*, h'gdf @ xhf/ # ;o (),

h'nfO{df # xhf/ # ;o &^, cu:6df !$ xhf/ &

;o #*, ;]K6]Da/df * xhf/ ^ ;o @&, cS6'a/df

!* xhf/ % ;o &&, gf]e]Da/df @^ xhf/ & ;o &@,

l8;]Da/df !& xhf/ * ;o #* ko{6s cfPsf 5g\ .

gfd} g;'g]sf b]zaf6 klg n'lDagL e|d0f # df3, n'lDagL . ;g\ @)!( df a'4 hGd:yn

n'lDagLdf ljZjsf ! ;o !% b]zsf kf}g] b'O{nfv ko{6scfPsf 5g\ . ljZjs} cf:yf / cfsif{0fsf] s]Gb|sf ?kdf/x]sf] n'lDagLdf kl5Nnf jif{ ko{6s cfjfudg a9]sf] 5 .ljZj ;Dkbf ;"rLdf ;"rLs[t n'lDagLdf 3'Dgsf nflu ;g\@)!( df ! ;o !% b]zsf ! nfv &$ xhf/ !% hgfko{6s tyf >4fn' cfPsf] n'lDagL ljsf; sf]ifsf] tYof+s5 . ;g\ @)!* df ! ;o * b]zsf ! nfv ^( xhf/ (;o $ hgf ljb]zL ko{6s cfPsf lyP .

n'lDagLdf >Ln+sf, yfO{Nof08, leotgfd, rLg,sDaf]l8of, k|mfG;, hd{gL, O{G8f]g]l;of, hfkfg, dn]l;of;lxtO/fg, O/fs, l;l/of, p?Uj], tfhls:tfg, So'af, blIf0fclk|msf / a'ls{gfkmf;f]nufotsf d'n'saf6 ko{6s 3'DgcfPsf lyP .

sxfFaf6 slt ko{6s<n'lDagLdf ;a}eGbf

a9L ko{6s >Ln+sfaf6cfPsf 5g\ . >Ln+sfaf6$& xhf/ % ;o & hgfcfPsf 5g\ . To:t}bf]>f]df Dofgdf/af6 #)xhf/ & ;o (!,yfO{Nof08af6 @* xhf/# ;o ̂ $, rLgaf6 @!xhf/ @ ;o ^( ko{6s cfPsf 5g\ .

To:t} leotgfdaf6 * xhf/ # ;o $%, blIf0fsf]l/ofaf6 ̂ xhf/ ! ;o $%, hd{gLaf6 # xhf/ # ;o^, k|mfG;af6 @ xhf/ !&, hfkfgaf6 @ xhf/ %^,dn]l;ofaf6 !( ;o (% ko{6s cfPsf 5g\ . n'lDagLdfO/fgaf6 @(, l;l/ofaf6, blIf0f clk|msf $(, ;la{ofaf6*, ;fpbL c/aaf6 *, p?Uj]af6 & tyf lkmlnlkG;af6 &hgf cfPsf 5g\ .

;g\ @)!* df af}4dfuL{ d'n's >Ln+sfaf6 %( xhf/

( ;o %( ko{6s n'lDagL cfPsf lyP . To:t} yfO{Nof08af6@^ xhf/ ^ ;o &&, Dofgdf/af6 @% xhf/ # ;o ##/ rLgaf6 !* xhf/ $ ;o ^) ko{6s cfPsf lyP .n'lDagLdf cfpg] ko{6sdWo] @)!* sf] t'ngfdf >Ln+sfsfko{6sdf sdL cfPsf] 5 . @)!* df %( xhf/ ( ;o %(

hgf cfPsf]df @)!( df $& xhf/ % ;o & hgfdfqcfPsf 5g\ . of] ;+Vof !@ xhf/ $ ;o %@ n] sdL xf] .

@)!* sf] t'ngfdf Dofgdf/, yfO{Nof08 tyf rLgaf6cfpg] ko{6ssf] ;+Vofdf eg] qmdzM j[l4 ePsf] 5 .yfO{Nof08af6 $ xhf/, Dofgdf/af6 % xhf/ / rLgaf6# xhf/ ko{6s @)!* sf] t'ngfdf a9L cfPsf 5g\ .

oL b]zaf6 cfP ! jif{df ! hgfdfq ko{6s Ma'4 hGd:yn n'lDagLdf jif{df Ps hgfdfq ko{6s


klg cfPsf 5g\ . n'lDagLdf cNa]lgof, PG8f]/f, tfhls:tfg,axfdf;, ax/fO{g, af]lnleof, ;fO{k|;, n]agfg, lhDafa],knfp / lnlaofaf6 !÷! hgf ko{6s cfPsf lyP .To:t} cNh]l/ofaf @, O/fsaf6 @, a'ls{gfkmf;f] @,af]T:jfgfaf6 @, O{:6f]lgofaf6 @, xf]G8'/;af6 @, s'j]taf6@, dn8f]efaf6 @, df]gfsf]af6 @, df]G6]lgu|f]af6 @, blIf0f;'8fgaf6 @, o'PO{af6 @, cfPsf 5g\ .

n'lDagLsf] k|rf/k|;f/ ljZje/ km}lnFb} uPsf] tyfd'n'ssf] ;xh cj:yfsf sf/0f n'lDagL cfpg] ko{6ssf];+Vofdf qmdzM j[l4 eO/x]sf] sf]ifsf ;b:o ;lrj ;/f]he§/fO{n] hfgsf/L lbP .

d'n'sdf aGb, x8\tfn, cfGbf]ngnufotsf lqmofsnfkdfsdL cfpg' tyf /fhgLlts l:y/tfsf sf/0f n'lDagLnufotb]zsf ko{6sLo uGtJodf ko{6s cfjfudgdf j[l4 ePsf];b:o ;lrj e§/fO{sf] egfO 5 . …n'lDagLdf ePsf]of]hgfa4 ljsf; tyf n'lDagL ;'Gb/ aGb} uPsfn] ko{6sa9]sf x'g\,Ú ;b:o ;lrj e§/fO{n] eg], …k|b]z / ;+3Lo;/sf/n] ljleGg b]zdf uP/ u/]sf ko{6g k|j4{gfTdssfo{qmdsf sf/0f klg n'lDagLdf ko{6s cfjfudg a9]sf]xf] .Ú

n'lDagLdf ko{6s, tLy{ofqL, leIf'–leIf'0fL, pkf;s–

pkfl;sf cfpg] qmd a9]sf] sf]ifn] hgfPsf] 5 . n'lDagLsf]ko{6g k|a4{g / k|rf/k|;f/sf nflu k|b]z ;/sf/n]n'lDagL e|d0f jif{ @)&^ dgfO/x]sf] 5 . ;+3Lo ;/sf/n]g]kfnsf] ko{6g k|a4{gsf nflu g]kfn e|d0f @)@) dgfpFb}5 .

n'lDagLdf s]xL jif{b]lv cfof]lht cGt/f{li6«o lqlk6skf7nufotsf af}4;DaGwL sfo{qmdsf sf/0f klg af}4dfuL{tyf cWo]tfsf] Wofg n'lDagLdf tfg]sf] 5 .

n'lDagLl:yt dfofb]jL dlGb/ kl/;/df sflQs @*b]lv #) ut];Dd lqlk6s kf7 ul/Psf] lyof] . sfo{qmddfg]kfn, ef/t, >Ln+sf, DofGdf, yfONof08, sf]l/of,hfkfgnufot @% b]zsf ;of}+ leIf', u'?cfdf, nfdf, cfgLtyf pkf;s pkfl;sfsf]] ;xeflutf lyof] .

n'lDagLdf ;g\ @)!( sf] hgj/Ldf !# xhf/ ̂ ;o!(, km]A?c/Ldf @% xhf/ * ;o ^*, dfr{df @( xhf/$)), clk|ndf * xhf/ ^ ;o %), d]df # xhf/ @ ;o@*, h'gdf @ xhf/ # ;o (), h'nfO{df # xhf/ # ;o&^, cu:6df !$ xhf/ & ;o #*, ;]K6]Da/df * xhf/ ̂;o @&, cS6'a/df !* xhf/ % ;o &&, gf]e]Da/df @^xhf/ & ;o &@, l8;]Da/df !& xhf/ * ;o #* ko{6scfPsf 5g\ .

KKKKK


!% df3, a'6jn . em08} tLg jif{cl3sf] a'4hoGtL;df/f]xsf nflu tof/ kfl/Psf] sfo{qmd :yn xfjfx'/L /

kfgLn] Wj:t agfOlbof] . sfo{qmddf cfPsf /fi6«klt,k|wfgdGqL;lxtsf] ljlzi6 kfx'gf 6f]nL e}/xjfd} w]/} ;do/f]lsg'k¥of] .

xfjfx'/Ln] sfo{qmd k"/} k|efljt eof] . Tolta]n}k|wfgdGqL s]kL zdf{ cf]nLn] 3f]if0ff u/]–ca n'lDagLdfkfFr xhf/ hgf c6\g] / Ps}k6s Wofg ug{ ldNg] ;efxnagfpg] .

k |wfgdGqLn ]n'lDagLdf c:yfoL;+/rgf agfP/ vr{ul//xg] eGbf :yfoLk|s[lQsf] cGt/f{li6«oWofgs]G›;lxtsf]ljzfn ;efxnagfpg] 3f]if0ff u/] .

clxn] pgn]

u/]]]]sL lyO{g\ . #@ s/f]8nufgLdf lgdf { 0 feO/x]sf] pQm ;efxn@@ dlxgfdf ;DkGgug] {u/L em08 } 8 ]9jif {cl3 o;If ]qsf ]k|ltli7t lgdf{0f sDkgL

afa'n lgdf{0f ;]afn] ;Demf}tf u/]sf] lyof] .;Demf}tf u/]sf] ldltd} lgdf{0f;Sg]u/L clxn] sfd

eO/x]sf] 5 . cfufdL r}t d;fGt;Dd ;Sg]u/L ;Demf}tfePsf] lyof] . clxn] sl/a &) k|ltzt hlt sfd k"/fePsf] lgdf{0f sDkgLsf k|aGw lgb]{zs ;lkms cxdbvfgn] hfgsf/L lbP . pgn] cfpFbf] a'4k"l0f{dfsf] sfo{qmd

n'lDagLdf o;/L alg/x]sf] 5 kfFrxhf/ dflg;c6\g] cfw'lgs ;efxn

cd[t lu/L 3f]if0ff u/] cg'?ksf] eJo ;efxn lgdf{0f eO/x]sf] 5 .n'lDagLdf x'g] a'4 hoGtL ;df/f]x, cfWoflTds,wfld{snufotsf sfo{qmd ug{ xnsf] cefj ePkl5 clxn]n'lDagLdf blIf0f Pl;ofs} gd'gf af}4 Wofg s]G› tyf

;efxn alg/x]sf] 5 .a ' 4ho Gt Ls f ]

cj;/df )&% a}zfv!* ut ] ;f ]daf//fi6 «k lt ljBfb ]jLe08f/Ln ] pQm;efxnsf] lznfGof;


oxLF :yfgdf ug{ ldNg]u/L ;+/rgf lgdf{0f eO/x]sf] atfP .oBlk lkmlgl;ªsf] ;a} sfd eg] Tolta]nf;Dd ;lsg]

cj:yf 5}g . ;+/rgf lgdf{0f ePsf] :yfgd} sfo{qmd ug{ldNg]u/L clxn] sfd eO/x]sf] 5 .

xfn}sf] nuftf/sf] lxpFb] em/L / cTolws lr;f]sfsf/0f em08} Ps dlxgfhlt l9nfO{ ePsf] lgdf{0f sDkgLsfk|fljlws lgb]{zg OlGhlgo/ ;Gtf]if clwsf/Ln] hfgsf/LlbP . clxn] b}lgs Ps ;o @) hgf;Dd sfdbf/ b'O{l;ˆ6sf sfddf vl6Psf 5g\ . pgLx?dWo] %) hgf tj]lN8ªsf] sfd ul//x]sf 5g\ .

ejgdf k|of]u ul/g] ;fdu|Lx? clxn] n'lDagL;lxtljleGg 7fpFdf alg/x]sf 5g\ . To;/L tof/ ePsf;fdfu|LnfO{ oxfF NofP/ ;+/rgfdf hf]l8g] 5 . ;efxnsf]5fgf sf]l/ofnL k|ljlwdf lgdf{0f eO/x]sf] atfOPsf] 5 .clxn] ;efxn, sG6«f]n?d, / b'O{j6f zf}rfno lgdf{0fsfsfd rln/x]sf 5g\ .

;efxnsf] ejg dfq} sl/a 8]9 ljufx If]qkmndflgdf{0f eO/x]sf] 5 . OlGhlgo/ clwsf/Lsf cg';f/ oxfFcf7 xhf/eGbf w]/}hgf dflg; c6\g ;S5g\ . t/, Wofgs]G›agfpg] elgPsfn] v'nf If]q w]/} 5f8]/ dfq kfFr xhf/hgf a:g]u/L ;+/rgf agfOPsf] 5 . ejgsf] k"/} !! xhf/:Sjfo/ld6/sf] If]q Wofgs]G› tyf ;ef ug{ ldNg] 7fpFxf] . o;sf cltl/Qm Wofgs]G› tyf ;efxnsf] j/k/a'4sflng ?va[If -sNka[If_, kmnkm'nsf lj?jf;lxtsf]xl/ofnL agfOg] 5 eg] af6f] klg ;f]xL cg'?ksf] x'g] 5 .

;efxnsf] lgdf{0f ePkl5 a'4 hGd:yn n'lDagLnfO{cGt/f{li6«o :t/df lrgfpg] csf]{ cfsif{s s]G› aGg] ;fy}n'lDagLdf cGt/f{li6«o :t/sf ;ef ;Dd]ng, ;fwgf tyfWofg ug{ / n'lDagLsf] k|a4{gdf ;d]t o:n] dxTjk"0f{e"ldsf v]Ng] ck]Iff sf]ifsf] 5 . K


ss]z kj{t x'Fb} O;fk"j{ !%)) df ef/tLo pk–dxfåLkdf k|j]z u/]sf cfo{x?n] klxn] gZnsf] cfwf/dfof] If]qdf a;f]af; ug]{ d"naf;L ;d'bfox? dfly lje]bsf]>[v+nf nfb] eg] To;}nfO{ kl5Nnf] r/0fdf j0ff{>d Joj:yfdfkl/0ft u/L wfld{s / /fhg}lts sfg"g g} agfP/ e]befjgLltnfO{ ;+:yfut ul/lbP . ltgsf] of] gLltn] o; If]qdfa;f]af; ug]{ em08} &) k|ltzt dfG5]x?n] zf]if0f pTkL8gef]Ug'kl//x]sf]5 . cfo{x?åf/f kIfkf]if0f ul/Psf] hftJoj:yfaf6 sf]xL klg c5'tf] 5}g . t/ o;sf] ;a}eGbf3fts df/ eg] c5"t agfOPsf z'› -blnt_ ;d'bfon]ef]Ub} cfPsf]5 . ef/t / g]kfnh:tf nf]stflGqs d'n'ssftyfslyt dxfz'› cyjf c5"tx? a9L zf]lift / kLl8t5g\ . tL cfhsf] @!cf+} ztfAbLdf klg hft Aoj:yfsf]sx/ ;xg afWo 5g\ .

cfo{x?n] ;+;f/e/ gZnsf] cfwf/df lje]b u/] . t/

xfd|f]df eg] gZnnfO{ g} rt'j{0f{ Joj:yfdf kl/jt{g u/Ll;Gw'3f6Lsf] ;Eotfsf k|ltkfbs tyf cflbsfnb]lv o;If]qdf a;f]af; ub}{ cfPsf d"naf;Lx?nfO{ cem} s7f]/tl/sfn] bdg ug]{ xltof/ agfP . pgLx?nfO{ cgfo{,c;'/, /fIf;sf] gfdaf6 ckdflgt ub}{ c5"t agfP/ lbglxgkbblnt agfOlbP . j0ff{>d Joj:yfsf] lj?4df oxfFsf

d"naf;Lx?n] ;+3if{ ug{ g;s"g\ / a|fXd0fnfO{ ;jf]{k/LdfGg] jftfj/0f agf];\ egL /fHo / wd{sf] ;dGjodfsfg"g agfO{ hftk|yfnfO{ ;+:yfut u/] . hftk|yfnfO{O{Zj/sf] jrgsf]?kdf :yflkt u/] / To;nfO{ ;bfrf/sf]?kdf kl/eflift ub}{ hftk|yf gdfGg]nfO{ /fHosf] sfg"gåf/f;hfo ug]{ Joj:yf s7f]/tfk"j{s nfu' u/] . xfd|f]df hftk|yflxGb" ;dfhs} pkh ePsf] / o;nfO{ wd{sf] Pp6f lx:;fagfO{ Jojxf/df ptfl/Psf]n] s;/L lxGb" ;dfhdfhftk|yfnfO{ ;+:yfut ul/Psf]5 eGg] k|Zgsf] hjfkm o;cfn]vdf lbg vf]lhPsf] 5 .

CUj]bdf rt'j{0f{sf] pTklQlxGb"wd{df j0f{ -hft_ nfO{ ;+:yfut ug]{ sfd pgLx?sf]

d"nu|Gy j]baf6 ;'? x'G5 . CUj]bsf] b;f+}d08nsf] k'?ifz'Qmdf s;/L rt'j{0f{ -a|fXd0f, IfqLo, j}Zo / z'›_ sf]pTklQ eof] eGg] pNn]v ul/Psf] 5 . o;n] dflg;x?nfO{rf/ j0f{df ljeflht u¥of] / hGdsf] cfwf/df cnusd{sf] klg lgwf{/0f ul/of] h;nfO{ rt'j{0f{ Joj:yf jfrft'j{0f{ ljwfg eg]/ elgG5 . k'?if z'Qmdf elgPsf] 5–rf/ j0f{ a|fXd0f, If]qL, j}Zo / z'›sf] pTklQ k|hfklta|Xdfsf] rf/j6f c+uaf6 ePsf x'g\ .

dfG5]nfO{ kz'eGbf tn /fVg] wd{zf:q lsg sfvL RofKg]–!

8f= sdnf x]dr'/L — …CUj]bsf] b;f+}d08nsf] k'?if z'Qmdf s;/Lrt'j{0f{ -a|fXd0f, IfqLo, j}Zo / z'b|_ sf] pTklQeof] eGg] pNn]v ul/Psf] 5 . o;n] dflg;x?nfO{rf/ j0f{df ljeflht u¥of] / hGdsf] cfwf/dfcnu sd{sf] klg lgwf{/0f ul/of] h;nfO{ rt'j{0f{Joj:yf jf rft'j{0f{ ljwfg eg]/ elgG5 . k'?ifz'Qmdf elgPsf] 5– rf/ j0f{ a|fXd0f, If]qL, j}Zo/ z'b|sf] pTklQ k|hfklt a|Xdfsf] rf/j6f c+uaf6ePsf x'g\ .Ú

— dg'n] bf; k|yfeGbf cufl8 a9]/ cZk[Zotf-5'jf5't_ nfO{ cg'df]bg u/] . bf;nfO{ a? lx+88'nug{, vfglkgdf 5'6 lbP t/ cZk[Zotfdf dflg;nfO{of] ;f/f ;'ljwfaf6 alGrt u/] . To;sf/0fbf;k|yfeGbf klg ckdfghgs cZk[Zotf 5 .Ú


a|fXd0ff]:o d'vdfl;t afx" /fhGo s[tM .p? tb:o ob\ j}Zo kb\Eofd z'b|f] chfot ..

CUj]b !).().!@cy{– a|fXd0f a|Xdfsf] d'v, If]qL a|Xdfsf] kfv'/f,

j}Zo hfF3 / z'› a|Xdfsf] kfOtnfaf6 pTkGg eof] .d'vaf6 a|fXd0f, afx' -kfv'/f_ af6 If]qL, hfF3 -;fk|f]_

af6 j}Zo / kfp -kfOtnf_ af6 z'›sf] hGd ePsf] wf/0ff:yflkt u/]kl5 ltgsf] sfo{ljefhg klg c+usf] >]i7tfsf]cfwf/df ul/of] . d'v z/L/sf] ;a}eGbf >]i7 c+u xf],To;}n] a|fXd0fsf] sfo{ k9\g], k9fpg], o1 ug]{, bfg lng] /k'/]TofO{ ug]{ xf] eGb} a}lziotf :yflkt u/fpg] sfd ef] .ansf] k|lts kfv'/faf6 hGd ePsf] If]qLsf] sfo{ /fhkf7rnfpg] / o'4 ug]{ egL lglb{i6 ul/of] . ;fk|f] >dsf] k|ltsePsf]n] j}Zosf] sfd Joj;fo ug]{, v]ltkflt ug]{ atfO{of]eg] k}tfnf z/L/sf] ;a}eGbf tnsf] c+u ePsf]n] z'›sf]sfo{ ;a}sf] ;]jf ug]{ egL sfo{ljefhg lgwf{/0f ul/of] .

CUj]bdfkm{t\ :yfkgf ul/Psf] rt'j{0f{ Joj:yf g} cfhsf]hftk|yfsf] d"n cfwf/ xf] . lsg of] Joj:yf cfhsf]hftk|yfsf] cfwf/zLnf aGg uof] Tof] hfGgsf] nflu o;sf]ljz]iftf s] lyof] eg]/ a'‰g h?/L 5 . tL ljz]iftfx? tnrrf{ ul/Psf5g\–

!= rft'j{0f{nfO{ ckl/jt{gLo agfOof] .@= JolQm h'g j0f{df hlGdof], ToxL j0f{df g} p;sf]

d[To'nfO{ ;'lglZrt ul/of] . j0f{ kl/jt{g ug{ rfxg]nfO{b08sf] Joj:yf ul/of] .

#= j0f{ Joj:yfnfO{ cg'nf]d -dflyaf6 tn emg]{_agfOof] .

$= j0f{ Joj:yfn] hft / pkhftnfO{ hGd lbof] .%= rft{'j0f{ Joj:yfnfO{ O{Zj/sf] cfb]zsf]?kdf AofVof

ul/of] .^= k'?if z'Qmn] rft{'j0f{ Joj:yfnfO{ sfg'gL dfGotf

k|bfg u¥of] .&= of] Joj:yfnfO{ lt/:sf/ ug{' eg]sf] O{Zj/sf]

lt/:sf/ ug{' eGg] dfGotf :yflkt ul/of] .*= o:tf] Aoj:yfn] >]0fLsf] cfwf/df :yflkt

pmFrgLrsf] cjwf/0ffnfO{ ;w}+sf] nflu :yfoL agfO{lbof] .of] vt/gfs Tolta]nf aGof], ha o;nfO{ wfld{s

zf;g / O{Zj/sf] cfb]zsf] ?kdf AofVof ul/of] .

dg':d[lt M dfG5]sf] x}l;ot kz'eGbf lgDg:t/dg':d[ltsf] /rgf dg'åf/f O{;fk"j{ !*%df a|fXd0f

/fhf k'ioldq z'+usf] zf;gsfndf ul/Psf] lyof] . k'ioldq;d|f6 czf]ssf] gflt a[x›ysf] ;]gfklt lyof] . k'ioldqn]a[x›ysf] xTof u/]/ /fhu2L xTofPsf] lyof] . a|fXd0fsf];Qf :yfkgfsf nflu k'ioldqn] u/]sf] of] k|ltqmflGt lyof] .o;nfO{ ef/tsf] /fhg}lts Oltxf;df qm'/td sfnf]o'usf]?kdf lng ;lsG5 .

dg':d[lt tTsflng ;dfhsf] ljwfg lyof] . cfo{nfO{>]i7 7fGg] of] ljwfgn] cgfo{x?nfO{ dfgjsf] bhf{ lbg;d]t OGsf/ u¥of] . oxL lxGb" ljwfg ;+lxtfsf] cfwf/dfrft'j{0f{ Joj:yfnfO{ k"0f{?kdf sfg'gL dfGotf k|bfg ul/of]/ a|fXd0fsf] >]i7tf cgGtsfn;Dd :yflkt ug]{ cfwf/tof/ kfl/of] . Ps k|sf/n] dg':d[ltsf] dfWodaf6 b}jLzf;gsf] :yfkgf ul/of] .

o; ;DaGwdf ef/tsf] ;+ljwfg lgdf{tf tyf blnt;+3if{sf ;j{:jLsfo{ b]lvg] 8f= led/fj cDa]8s/n]eGg'ePsf] 5– "b}jL cfrf/;+lxtf dg':d[lt lxGb"x?sf]zf:qo'Qm tyf ;fdflhs hLjgnfO{ lgoGq0f ug]{ lgodx?sf];"Id ljj/0f xf] . o;nfO{ lxGb"x?sf] afOansf] ?kdflnOg'kb{5 . lsgeg] o;df lxGb"wd{sf] bz{gnfO{ ;dfj]zul/Psf] 5 ."

a|fXd0fjfbsf] ljhokZrft dg':d[ltsf] dfWodaf6hftsf] cfwf/df pgLx?nfO{ alnof] agfpg lglDglnlvtJoj:yfsf] lgdf{0f ul/of]–

!= a|fXd0fx?nfO{ zf;g ug]{ tyf /fhxTof ug]{ clwsf/k|bfg ul/of] .

@= a|fXd0fx?nfO{ ljz]if clwsf/ k|fKt JolQmsf] ?kdf:yflkt ul/of] .

#= o;n] j0f{nfO{ hfltdf kl/jt{g ul/lbof] .$= ljleGg hfltx?sf] lardf ;+3if{ / ;dfh lj/f]wL

efjgf k}bf ul/lbof] .%= z'› / :qLnfO{ x]osf] b[li6sf]0fn] x]l/of] .^= j0f{ c;dfgtfsf] k|0ffnL nfu' ul/of] .&= j0f{df cfwfl/t ;fdflhs Joj:yfnfO{ sfg"gL

dfGotf k|bfg ul/of] / hftsf] cfwf/df b08 ;hfosf]Joj:yf ul/of] h'g of]eGbf cufl8 kf/Dkl/s / kl/jt{gzLnlyof] .


dg':d[ltdf lxGb" hftk|yfsf] pTklQsf] cfwf/ CUj]bsf]k'?if z'QmnfO{ agfOPsf] 5 . dg'n] CUj]bdf k|ltkflbtrf/ j0f{sf] cfwf/df ;dfh Joj:yf sfod u/] tyfltgLx?sf] sfo{ lgwf{/0f u/] . dg'n] CUj]bsf] rft'j{0f{sf]pTklQsf] cfwf/nfO{ ;dy{g ub}{ j0f{sf] pTklQsf] ;DaGwdfn]v]–nf]sfgf+ t' lja[4y{ d'v, afx"?kkfbtM .a|fXd0f+ Iflto+ j}Zo+ z'b| r lg/jt{oft ..-dg':d[lt !÷#!_

cyf{t\M k|hfkltn] nf]ssf] a[l4sf] nflu d'v, afx',hf+3 / kfpaf6 qmdzM a|fDx0f, If]qL, j}Zo / z'›nfO{pTkGg u/] .

dg'n] s] bfjL u/]sf5g\ eg] a|Xdfsf] d'vaf6 hGdlnPsf] sf/0f a|fXd0f hGdn] g} >]i7 xf] / sDd/eGbftNnf] c+uaf6 hGd]sf] sf/0f j}Zo / z'› lgr -lgs[i6_ xf] .pQdf+uf]b\ejHh}7ofb\a|Xdfr}j wf/0fft\ .;j}:ofjf:o ;u{:o wdtf] a|fXd0fM k|e'M .. -dg':d[lt !÷(#_

cyf{t\– pQd c+u d'vaf6 pTkGg ePsf] sf/0fn] /j]bsf] wf/0f u/]sf] sf/0fn] a|fXd0f ;Dk"0f{ ;+;f/sf] :jfdLxf] .pmWj{ gfd]ofl{\g vflg tflg d]Woflg ;j{zM .ofGow:tf]God]Woflg b]xfRr}j dfnfRo'tf .. -dg':d[lt %÷!#@_

cyf{t\– hf] OlG›o gfO6f]eGbf dfly 5, Tof] ;a}eGbfkljq xf] / hf] tn 5, Tof] / z/L/af6 lgl:sPsf] dnckljq xf] .

olx zf:qLo ljwfgcGt{ut z'› / j}ZonfO{ ;a}eGbftNnf] :t/sf] dflgof] / pgLx? dfly ljleGg vfn] zf:qLocof]Uotf nflbof] . dg':d[ltdf w]/} o:tf ljwfgx? ;dfj]zul/Psf] 5, h;sf] cfwf/df z''›nfO{ cfly{s ;fdflhs?kdfdfq ckx]ngf ul/Psf] 5}g, a|fXd0f / z'›n] ug]{ Pp6}ck/fwdf ;d]t km/s lsl;dsf] b08 ljwfg nfu' u/Lz'›nfO{ s7f]/ ;hfosf] xsbf/ agfOPsf] 5 .

dg'n] ;a} >]i7 kb / clwsf/ a|fXd0fx?sf] nflucf/lIft ul/lbP . pgn] a|fXd0fx?nfO{ ;fjwfg u/fpFb}eg]sf 5g\– …sydsbflrt olb z'› /fhf eO{xfNof] eg]klga|fXd0fx? z'›zfl;t If]qdf a:g' x'Fb}g .Ú z'›x? k|lta|fXd0fx?sf] r/d 3[0ffsf] efj b]lvG5 . /fHo;Qf a|fXd0fsf]dfq x'g'k5{ eGg] Aoj:yf ldnfO{lbg] 3f]/ hfltjfbL dg'n]V5g\–;]gfkTo+ r /fHo= r b08g]t[Tjd]j r .

;j}nf]sflwkTo+ r j]bzf:qljx{lt .. -dg':d[lt !@÷!))_cyf{t\ – /fHodf ;]gfkltsf] kb, GofofwLz, zf;gsf]

cWoIf kb, k|To]sdf zf;g ug]{ clwsf/ s]jn a|fXd0fsf]dfq 5 .q}ljBf x]t's:tsL{ g}?Qmf] wd{kf7sM .qo>f>ld0fM k"j]{ kl/ifT:ofBzfj/f .. -dg':d[lt !@÷!!!_

cyf{t\– s]jn j]b1ftf b; a|fXd0f d08nL g} ;ef;bx'g;S5 .hfltdfqf]jhLjL jf sfd+ :of4fXo0fa|'jM.wd{k|jQmf g[k]t]g{ t' z'›Msy+rg .. -dg':d[lt *÷@)_

cyf{t\– a|fXd0f hft ePsf] sf/0fn] dfq klg a|fXd0f/fhfsf] wd{ k|jQmf x'g;S5 . t/ z'› slxNo} x'g ;Sb}g .cfx/]Q|Ll0f jf 4] jf sfd+ z'›:o j]ZdgM .g lx z"›:o o1]if' slZrbl:t kl/u|x .. -dg':d[lt &÷&(_

cyf{t\– o1sf] lgldQ a|fXd0fn] z'›sf] wg vf];]/lng;S5 lsgeg] o1;Fu z'›sf] s'g} ;DaGw 5}g .a|fXd0fM ;+ej]g}j b]jfgfdlk b}jtd| .k|df0f+ r}j nf]s:o a|Xdfq}j lx sf/0d ..

-dg':d[lt !!/÷$_cyf{t\– a|fXd0f pTklQb]lv g} b]jtfsf] klg b]jtf xf]

/ ;+;f/df o;nfO{ k|df0f dflgPsf] 5 . j]b g} ;a}eGbfalnof] k|df0f xf] .

dg' hftk|yfsf] s§/ ;dy{s lyP . oxL sf/0fn]pgn] cfˆgf] ljwfg dg':d[ltdf bf;k|yfnfO{ klg ;+:yfutul/lbP . pgL n]V5g\–z'›+ t' sf/o]Bf:o+ qmLtdqmLtd]j jf .bf:ofo}j lx ;[i6f]:;f} a|fXd0f:o :jo+e'jf ..

-dg':d[lt *÷$!#_cyf{t\– z'› rfx] vl/b ul/Psf] xf];\ of vl/b gul/Psf],

p;n] bf; sd{ g} ug{'k5{ lsgeg] a|fXd0fn] bf; sd{s}nflu z'›nfO{ pTkGg u/]sf] xf] .

dg'n] bf; k|yfeGbf cufl8 a9]/ cZk[Zotf -5'jf5't_nfO{ cg'df]bg u/] . bf;nfO{ a? lx+88'n ug{, vfglkgdf5'6 lbP t/ cZk[Zotfdf dflg;nfO{ of] ;f/f ;'ljwfaf6alGrt u/] . To;sf/0f bf;k|yfeGbf klg ckdfghgscZk[Zotf 5 . qmdz

-blnt clwsf/ / d'2fdfly nfdf] ;dob]lv /fhgLlts;+3if{df ;lqmo 8f= sdnf x]dr'/L kl5Nnf] ;do af}l4scleofgdf ;+nUg l5g\ ._


a'4sfnLg g]kfnsf ;a} wd{k|]dLdf 5'6fpg}gx'g] ;ª\u|x0fLo Pj+ k7gLo u|Gy æa'4sfnLg g]kfnLljZjsf]zÆ o; jL/–k"0f{ k':ts ;+u|xfnoaf6 Ps;fyPp6} ;]6df k|sfzg ePsf] ;x;| hfgsf/L u/fpFb5f}+ .

cfheGbf ;f9] rf/bzscl3 cfrfo{ 8f= cd[tfgGbdxf:ylj/af6 a'4jrg lqlk6sdf cfwfl/t JolQm, kfqsfcfwf/df n]Vg' ePsf a'4sfnLg u|Gyx¿ xfn ahf/dfpknAw gePsf]n] xfdLaf6 a'4sfnLg g]kfnL laZjsf]zgfdfª\sg u/L kf7sx¿ ;dIf NofPsf 5f}+, h'g g]kfnLefiffnufot laZjsf s'g} klg efiffdf ;d]t cfh;Ddk':ts n]lvPsf lyPg\ .

o:tf ljZj sf]zsf] cWoogaf6 ;SsnLgSsnL s'/fdf jf cgfjZos e|d jf ljZjf;df jfs;}sf] :jfy{ jf axsfpddf clNemg gk/L cfkm\gf]hLjg Joy{df u'dfpg jf e8\sgaf6 hf]lug ;lsgfsf;fy} kl/olQ lzIff cWoog / cEof;sf nflu / wd{df:jfjnDaL aGg hLjg pkof]uL x'G5 g}, To;sf ;fy}cfkm" nufot cfkm\gf ;GtltnfO{ ;d]t cGwwd{ jfcGo wd{df lj:tf/} ghflg+bf] tl/sfn] nflu/xg'af6;d]t hf]ufpg ;lsg]5 .

o:tf hLjgdf ax' pkof]uL ljZjsf]z k'/} u|Gy;]6t]¥x xhf/ al9 k[i7sf] @& yfgsf] ;]6 k':tssf] d"No!),)))÷– 5 . k/Gt' s]xL lbgsf nflu dfq @)Ü

5'6df ?= *,)))÷– df laqmL x'Fb}5 . cfkm"nfO{ kfoskg]{ Ps :yfgaf6 k':ts p7fpg x'g xflb{s cg'/f]wub{5f}+ . wGojfb .

! =! =! =! =! = leIf' wd{d"lt{ dxf:ylj/leIf' wd{d"lt{ dxf:ylj/leIf' wd{d"lt{ dxf:ylj/leIf' wd{d"lt{ dxf:ylj/leIf' wd{d"lt{ dxf:ylj/cfgGbs'6L ljxf/, :joDe", sf7df8f}+ .df]afOn g+= (*$!@&&*^)

@ =@ =@ =@ =@ = leIf' sf]08Go, df]= (*%!)$^!**leIf' sf]08Go, df]= (*%!)$^!**leIf' sf]08Go, df]= (*%!)$^!**leIf' sf]08Go, df]= (*%!)$^!**leIf' sf]08Go, df]= (*%!)$^!**a'4ljxf/, e[s'6Ld08k, sf7df8f}+ .

# =# =# =# =# = leIf' af]lw1fg, df]= (*%!!^&%@%leIf' af]lw1fg, df]= (*%!!^&%@%leIf' af]lw1fg, df]= (*%!!^&%@%leIf' af]lw1fg, df]= (*%!!^&%@%leIf' af]lw1fg, df]= (*%!!^&%@%ljZjzflGt ljxf/, gofF afg]Zj/, sf7df8f}+ .

$ =$ =$ =$ =$ = c= cUu`f0fL u'?df+, df]= (*$!$^!@@^c= cUu`f0fL u'?df+, df]= (*$!$^!@@^c= cUu`f0fL u'?df+, df]= (*$!$^!@@^c= cUu`f0fL u'?df+, df]= (*$!$^!@@^c= cUu`f0fL u'?df+, df]= (*$!$^!@@^cGt/f{li6«o af}4 efjgf s]Gb|, z+vd"n .

% =% =% =% =% = dbg/Tg dfgGw/, df]= (*%!)#))*%dbg/Tg dfgGw/, df]= (*%!)#))*%dbg/Tg dfgGw/, df]= (*%!)#))*%dbg/Tg dfgGw/, df]= (*%!)#))*%dbg/Tg dfgGw/, df]= (*%!)#))*%wd{sLlt{ ljxf/, >L3M, sf7df8f}+ .

^ =^ =^ =^ =^ = /Tg;'Gb/ zfSo, df]= (*$!&!(&$$/Tg;'Gb/ zfSo, df]= (*$!&!(&$$/Tg;'Gb/ zfSo, df]= (*$!&!(&$$/Tg;'Gb/ zfSo, df]= (*$!&!(&$$/Tg;'Gb/ zfSo, df]= (*$!&!(&$$yfnf5]F, gfukf]v/L, eQmk'/ .

& =& =& =& =& = leIf' 1fg]Gb| :ylj/, df]= (*)$$%!#(*leIf' 1fg]Gb| :ylj/, df]= (*)$$%!#(*leIf' 1fg]Gb| :ylj/, df]= (*)$$%!#(*leIf' 1fg]Gb| :ylj/, df]= (*)$$%!#(*leIf' 1fg]Gb| :ylj/, df]= (*)$$%!#(*cGt/f{li6«o af}4 kl/olQ pbo ljxf/ltnf]Qdf g=kf=–$, ?kGb]xL, n'lDagL

* =* =* =* =* = /Tg k':ts e08f/, dfOtL3/, sf7df8f} +/Tg k':ts e08f/, dfOtL3/, sf7df8f} +/Tg k':ts e08f/, dfOtL3/, sf7df8f} +/Tg k':ts e08f/, dfOtL3/, sf7df8f} +/Tg k':ts e08f/, dfOtL3/, sf7df8f} +nufot cGo k|d'v k':ts k;nx?df kfOG5 .

s] tkfO{+n]

æa'4sfnLg g]kfnL ljZjsf]zÆ kfpg'eof] <

a

b'08axfb'/ jh|frfo{, k|sfzg k|d'v, df]= (*$!@!&$@(jL/–k"0f{ k':ts ;+u|xfno, ufMaxfn, nlntk'/, kmf]gM )!–%%##)&&


Sofgg\ art tyf C0f ;xsf/L ;+:yf ln=:joDe"–!%, ;fgf] e¥ofª, sf7df8f}+, kmf]g M $@***^*

cfkm} /f]uL ePkl5

sdngfy ld>[email protected] —æo;/L /fHoAoj:yfsf] nflu ;+ljwfg

eg]h:t} 3/kl/jf/ rnfpg klg ljlwljwfgagfPs} x'G5 . lnlvt klg x'g;S5, clnlvtklg . of] ug{' x'G5 , of] x'Fb}g eGg' g} ljwfgxf] . o:t} ljwfgx?sf] lg/Gt/ kfngfaf6 3/;'b[9 ag]sf] x'G5 / To;/L rn]sf] 3/ g} ;gftgLvfGbfgL 3/ eGg] ul/G5 . o:tf] 3/kl/jf/sfdflg;x?nfO{ g} ;+:sfl/t elgG5 . ;+:sfl/tAolQmx?sf] cfbz{ ;dfh lgdf{0fs} nflu uf}tda'Wbsf] zLnkfngf ug{' / cfrf;+lxtfdf af+lwg'cfjZos dflgG5 .Æ

xfdL kl/0ffdlagfsf] s'g} klg sfd ug{;Qm}gf}+ . sfd gu/L sf]xLklg a:g ;Qm}g . b]lvg]gb]lvg] s]xL g s]xL sfd ul//x]s} x'G5f}+ . ;fgf]7"nf],/fd|f] g/fd|f] sfdsf] ?kdfq km/s x'g] xf] . /fd|f]sfd ug{] dflg;nfO{ /fd|f] / g/fd|f] ug{]nfO{ g/fd|f]dflg; dflgG5 . tkfO{+ xfd|f] o:t} sfdx?af6};dfh ljsf;sf] utL b]lvg] xf] . c?nfO{ xfgLgk'¥ofpg] sfdx? ;a}n] ubf{ g} l56f] ultdf b]zsf]ljsf; x'g] xf] . o:t} zfGt / ;Dos\ ;dfhlgdf{0fsf] nflu s6' jrg gaf]n, em'7f] gaf]n, rf]/Lgu/, 7uL gu/, cfkm"n] u/]sf] sfdn] c?nfO{xfgL gk'¥ofp -lx+;f jf 3ft_ gu/ eGg] oL ;a};Gb]zx? g} ;fbf hLjg afFRg] uf}td a'Wbsf] cd"Nok|fs[lts lzIff xf] .

;dfh ljsf;sf] qmd slxNo} /f]lsGg . ljsf;eg]sf] åGåsf] k|fs[lts lgod g} xf] . b]lvg] gb]lvg]?kdf kl/jt{g eO/x]s} x'G5 . /fd|f] ;dfhsf] lgdf{0f/ b]z ljsf;sf] ult lta| agfpg / ;fdflhs

Aoj:yf c:tAo:t jf c/fhs x'g glbO{ Aojl:ytagfpg /fHoAoj:yf cfjZos kb{5 . o;}sf] nflu;+ljwfg agfPsf] x'G5 . ;+ljwfgsf] cfsf/, lbzf/ ultn] ;dfhnfO{ lgb{]lzt ul//x]sf] x'G5 . o;y{;+ljwfgnfO{ ;dfhsf] :j?k / rl/q b]vfpg] P]gfdflgG5 . t/ sfuhL ;+ljwfg dfq oy]i6 x'Fb}g,o;sf] kfngf, ;xL sfof{Gjog / O{dfGbf/Ln] dfq;dfh ?kfGt/0f ;Dej x'g ;Qm5, gq sfuhsf]vf]:6fd}+ ;Lldt x'g;S5 .

a'4sf] hGde"ld /fi6« g]kfndf ;'v–zflGt k}mln/xf];\ .

;Dk"0f{ g]kfnLx?df wfld{s r]tgf ljsf; xf];\ .


h;/L /fHoAoj:yfsf] nflu ;+ljwfg eg]h:t}3/kl/jf/ rnfpg klg ljlwljwfg agfPs} x'G5 .lnlvt klg x'g;S5, clnlvt klg . of] ug{' x'G5, of] x'Fb}g eGg' g} ljwfg xf] . o:t} ljwfgx?sf]lg/Gt/ kfngfaf6 3/ ;'b[9 ag]sf] x'G5 / To;/Lrn]sf] 3/ g} ;gftgL vfGbfgL 3/ eGg] ul/G5 .o:tf] 3/kl/jf/sf dflg;x?nfO{ g} ;+:sfl/telgG5 . ;+:sfl/t AolQmx?sf] cfbz{ ;dfhlgdf{0fs} nflu uf}td a'Wbsf] zLnkfngf ug{' /cfrf;+lxtfdf af+lwg' cfjZos dflgG5 . o;sf]cefjdf ;+:sf/xLg dflg;x?sf] 5f8f ;dfh dfqaGg ;Qm5 . 5f8f ;dfhdf dflg;x? w]/} k|sf/n]/f]uL x'G5g\ g} ;fy} xftx't nftn'tdf rn]sf] 3/sf]cl:tTj h:t} ;dfh klg qmdzM lanfP/ hfg;S5 .

a]nfa]nf xfdL cfkm" s:tf] 5' eg]/ hfGg P]gfx]g{] ub{5f}+ . d h:tf] 5', To:t} b]lvg] g xf] .;+ljwfgn] klg xfdL s:tf] 5f}+ / sxfF 5f}+ eGg]tl:a/ b]vfpg] sfd ub{5 . P]gf x]bf{ d /fd|f]b]lvgsf] nflu d cfkm} klg /fd|f] ag]/ P]gf cufl8pleg'kg{] x'G5 . cfj/0fdf dfq /fd|f] ag]/ klgk'Ub}g, pm ;dfhdf aflx/ lg:s+bf /fd|f] dflg;aGg p:sf] lrQ klg z'4 agfP/ / ;Dos b[i6LagfP/ lg:s+bfdfq /fd|f] b]lvG5 . bf]>f] s'/f],cfkm\g} r]x/f b]vfpg] P]gfdf nfu]sf] bfu, k'/fg}sfnb]lv hd]sf] w'nf];Dd klg gkvfnL, P]gf x]bf{cfkm" hlt 7fF6] klg cfkm" klg bfuL b]lvG5 .o;}n] P]gf x]g{] sfdn] cfk\mgf] nfolskgsf] dfkgklg lbg] ub{5 .

ha d g} /f]uL 5' . P]gfsf] w'nf] k'5\g] / cfkm}/fd|f] aGg] d]/f] e"ldsf z"Go 5, ;+w} c?sf] ;xf/fdfafFlr/x]sf] 5', / cl;d sNkgfdf p8]/ l8+u xf+ls/x]sf]x'G5'+ eg] d}n] cfkm"nfO{ /fd|f] t dfg+'nf, cfkm}nfO{:ofaf;L klg lbpFnf t/ c? x]g{]n] s:tf] b]Vnfg\,cfkm}n] klg P]gfdf s:tf] b]v"Fnf egL s]xL kL/glng] /f]un] klg d u|:t x'G5' . o:tf] /f]u nfUg'sf]k5fl8 d]/f] ;gftgL ;+:sf/ klg bf]ifL b]V5' .;dfh ?kfGt/sf] s'/f ubf{ ;gftgL ;+:sf/ /

;+ljwfgcg'?k k|hftflGqs ;+:sf/ kfngf x'g'kg{]gofF ;Eotfn] dfUg] klxnf] zt{ xf] . o;f] eGg' klguf}td a'Wbsf] zLnkfngf ug{' g} xf] .

z'?sf] klxnf] x/kmdf elgP h:t} kl/0ffdljgfsf]s'g} sfd ug{ ;lsGb}g . s:tf]sfdsf] kl/0ffds:tf] x'g] eGg] hf] sf]xLn] cg'ej u/]sf] x'G5 ./fd|f] sfdsf] /fd|f], g/fd|f]sf] g/fd|f] . lzWb 5 .t/ kl/0ffdsf] k|efj cfkm"df dfq ;Lldt x'Fbf;Ddt ef]u"Fnf, ;fj{hlgs ?kdf kg{] k|efjn] ;dfh?kfGt/0fsf] sfddf klg afwf kl//x]sf] x'G5 .sNkgf dfq u/]/ ?kfGt/0f ;Dej x'Fb}g .

k'vf{n] l;sfPsf] t s] eg] ;fgf] ag, 7"nf]sfd u/]/ b]vfpm, dfvf] dfg{] x}l;ot 5}g eg] 7"nf]sfdsf] l8+u gxfFs . ljsf; eg]sf] ;+w} cfZostfn]dflu/x]sf] x'G5 . slxNo} emf]+sdf jf s;}sf] nxnx}dfjf b]vfl;sLdf x}l;ot aflx/ uP/ k/lge{tfdfu/]sf] sfdn] efjL k':tfdf b'ik|efj klg kg{;S5 .3fF6Lx]/L xf8 lgNg', 7fpF 5f]8L glxF8\g' eGg] k'vf{sf]plQmn] xfdLnfO{ ;w+} ;hu t'NofO/x]sf] x'G5 . t/cfh ;a} C0f+ s[Tjf 3[t+ lkj]t\ gfdsf] /f]un] u|:teO;s]sf5f}+ .

To:t} jt{dfg ;Gbe{df ;+:sf/xLgtfs} sf/0fxfdLnfO{ cx|fPsf] sfdug{], lbPsf] rf/fdf /dfpg]k/lge{/ k|f0fLdf bh{ x'Fb}uO/x]sf5f}+ . cfkm"eGbftnsf sdhf]/nfO{ sHofpg], dflysfnfO{ l/emfpg]/ cfk\mGff] b"gf] ;f]emØfP/ a:g] clt{ kfngdf ;LldteO;s]sf 5f}+ .

Ps dfgjn] csf{] dfgj;Fu dfgjLo Aojxfåf/f;'Gb/, zfGt / ;Dos\ ;dfh lgdf{0f u/L ljZje/sf;d:t dfgjhfltsf] sNof0fsf] ;Gb]z 5g{] uf}tda'Wbsf] kljq e"lddf o:tf] t'R5 k|j[lQ jf ;+:sf/af6xfdL d'Qm x'g g;s'Gh]n;Dd vf]O s;/L zL/p7fpg] < xfdLn] ef]lnsf] k':tfsf] nflu cfhsf]eGbf pGgt ;dfh ;'Dkg] cfwf/ vf]Hg eujfg\a'Wbsf] rt'/ cfo{;To dgg\ ug{' h?/L x'G5 ..c:t' ..

KKKKK


Abstract

Buddhist philosophy and practices have thepower of primary prevention and ability to help humansmaintain mental health. Vipassana meditation andBuddha’s eightfold paths are helpful to get rid ofmiseries. The researches are yet to confirm their allegedcapability of secondary and tertiary levels ofprevention. This article argues that Buddha was apotent psychologist.

Keywords: Vipassana, right life, right mindfulness,right thought, mental illness

Psychologists have started to see the prospectsof using Buddhist philosophies as tools for mentalhealth. There is a confusion if the Buddhist techniquescan be used for secondary or tertiary levels ofprevention but this article will discuss that it caneffectively be used as primary prevention for mentalhealth. Mental health is more than just a lack of mentalillness (1). It is the totality of ability to realize one’sown intellectual and emotional potential, subjectivewell-being, autonomy, perceived self-efficacy,competency, ability to adjust, sound interpersonalrelationship and ability to function properly to supportat least own life. Talking about primary prevention, it isrelated to traditional definition of mental health. Mentalhealth is defined as absence of mental disease. So,basic philosophy about life implicitly and meditationaltechniques like Vipassanâ are explicitly believed to behelpful to maintain mental health.

Buddha was the first psychologist born in Nepal.He was an enlightened human. He meant that life is afact and it should be faced head-on. When we areobligated to live, why not live fully? The life imaginedby the Buddha is the "correct life" or the "right life" inwhich we maintain peace within and with others. Weavoid extremism, choose the middle way and attain abalance.

Nirvana is the state in which we free ourselves of

motives. We extinguish our greed, delusion and hatred.For the common people like us, such state may not beattainable even though Buddha himself said that everyhuman has the potential to attain Buddhatva (2). Wesay that mental health is our right and unfortunately,we have not lived up to this realistic goal also. Manyof us are suffering from psychological turmoils,disturbances and abnormalities. Suppose, for a while,mental health is Nirvana (nibbana). How would it beachieved according to Buddhist philosophy? Definitely,from eightfold path (ashtanga marga). The eight waysto achieve mental health are:

a) Right view: Compassion and wisdom arenecessary to view the world.

b) Right thought: We behave from what we think.Hence, our thoughts should be clear.

c) Right Speech: "Speak kind and helpfulwords", Buddha said.

d) Right Conduct: We spread our identity fromhow we behave. So, we should be kind to people.

e) Right livelihood: We should not earnlivelihood by harming others. How can we be happyby hurting others?

f) Right effort: We should do our best. Weshould not waste efforts.

g) Right mindfulness: We should be aware ofour thoughts, actions, and feelings. It is the rightpresence of mind.

h) Right concentration: To attain peace of mind,we should attend to a thing at a time. Stop multitasking.

We could tell, these eight paths are the secrets toright life. Buddha said, ‘We become what we think’. Healso suggested no killing, no stealing, no adultery, nolying and no substance abuse. In so telling, he wasadvising to respect all people around us includingourselves. Broadly speaking, he taught us to livementally healthily. If we do not hurt others, do not cravefor others’ property, and do not commit immoralbehaviours or lie, we do not acquire stress, frustrationand unwanted emotions. Then, we can lead the lifevery normally. Buddha emphasized internal locus ofcontrol.

Pralhad AdhikariDepartment of Psychology and PhilosophyTri Chandra Campus, [email protected]

Correct Life: Buddha & Mental Health


In the basic philosophy of life lies sorrow,according to Buddha, jãtipi dukkha means birth causesmisery. So does death, as meant by maranampi dukkha(3). Sometimes we get happiness but it is not permanent(sanâtana) and if it sustains, it becomes boring.Boredom again becomes a source of suffering. Buddhasaid that motives cause suffering but there is a way toend sufferings, and it is to liberate ourselves fromattachment (4) .

Psychologists are using vipassana meditation,come from Buddhist tradition, as a mindfulnesstechnique. It is the process of looking ourselves inwardby concentrating on our breath or subtle bodilysensations, and examining thoughts come and godispassionately and not being emotionally attached(5). A study found that this meditational techniqueincreases psychological well-being (6). Another studyfound that even a ten-day practice of vipassana canhelp improve physical and psychological well-being(7).

According to Buddha, there are two kinds ofillnesses- physical (kâyiko rogo) and mental (cetasikorogo). Manifestations of mental defilements in the mindof being is the only cause of mental illness (8). Mentaldefilements are a form of unwholesome states (akusalâdhammâ) and they are conditioned but impermanent.Buddha accepted mentally ill people (9) whilesuggesting there is solution to illness and miseries.

Too much or too less secretion ofneurotransmitters or hormones (imbalance) in bodycauses emergence of mental illness (10). Similarly, toomuch thinking may not be considered healthy. If mentalhealth is a state of balance in life, then Buddha’steachings are more than helpful to achieve that balanceand prevent the onset of disease. We can consciouslydrive ourselves to live "correct life" as guided byBuddha. He said that religion should serve to make theworld happy (11) and his teachings can really beadopted as good religion. Many learned people haveconcluded that Buddhism is the most scientific of allreligions. One reason is that he taught his disciples toquestion even himself (and his teachings). An irony isthat Hindus considered Buddha an atheist when hewas alive. Modern humans have realised that the blamewas true. Buddha just gave a correct scientificphilosophy to live a healthy life in a secular way. Hedid not care if his teachings should be consideredreligious and he should be considered a God. His

followers just did an apotheosis. Otherwise, Buddhawalked the talk and himself led a mentally healthy lifetill he was 80 being a good human.

References

1. World Health Organization. Investing inMental Health 2003. Available from:https://pdfs.semanticscholar.org/1703/e6c40616f3ae8b5d089ec9f83f7284f548c1.pdf.

2. Rahula WS. What the Buddha Taught. 2nd ed.New York, NY: Grove Press; 1974.

3. Pinnaduwage LA. Pure Dhamma: A quest toRecover True Teachings 2017 [Available from:https://puredhamma.net/.

4. The Four Noble Truths: BBC; 2009 [Availablefrom: https://www.bbc.co.uk/religion/religions/b u d d h i s m / b e l i e f s /fournobletruths_1.shtml.

5. Krygier JR, Heathers JAJ, Shahrestani S, AbbottM, Gross JJ, Kemp AH. Mindfulness meditation, well-being, and heart rate variability: A preliminaryinvestigation into the impact of intensive Vipassanameditation. Int J Psychophysiol. 2013;89(3):305-13.

6. Qazinezam M, Momtazi S, Yaghubi N. Study theEffects of Vipassana Meditation on Increasing the Levelof Psychological well-Being of People. BIOSCIENCESBIOTECHNOLOGY RESEARCH ASIA. 2014;11(3):1657-65.

7. Al-Hussaini A, Dorvlo AS, Antony SX, ChavanD, Dave J, Purecha V, et al. Vipassana meditation:: Anaturalistic, preliminary observation in Muscat. Journalfor scientific research Medical sciences. 2001;3(2):87-92.

8. Nandisena B. Mental Illness according toTheravada Buddhism: Towards a Theory of MentalIllness Based upon the Buddha´s Teachings2011 2020January 1. Available from: http://btmar.org/files/pdf/Mental-Illness-Paper.pdf.

9. Somasundaram O, Murthy T. The Lord Buddhadestigmatizes mental illness. Indian journal ofpsychiatry. 2018;60(1):135-7.

10. Adhikari P. Foundation of Psychology: Atextbook for BA. Kathmandu: Asmita Books; 2020.

11. Ambedkar BR. Buddha Or Karl Marx:CreateSpace Independent; 2015.

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/fdu|fdsf] u'?of]hgf tof/!% df3, n'lDagL . n'lDagL;Fu hf]l8Psf] If]qsf]

PsLs[t ljsf;sf nflu kl/sNkgf ul/Psf] u|]6/n'lDagLcGtu{t /fdu|fdsf] u'?of]hgf tof/ ePsf] 5 .of]hgf cg';f/ a'4sf] c:t' wft' /x]sf] /fdu|fdnfO{ n'lDagL;Fuhf]8]/ PsLs[t ljsf; ug]{ u/L /fdu|fd :t"k If]qsf]

u'?of]hgf ul/Psf] 5 . a'4sf] hLjgL;Fu cleGg?kdfhf]l8Psf] :yn eP/ klg k"jf{wf/ lgdf{0f / k|rf/k|;f/sf]cefjdf of] If]q cf]em]ndf k/]kl5 u'?of]hgf agfP/ ljsf;ug{ nfluPsf] xf] .

/fHon] pk]Iff u/]sf] eGb} cfnf]rgf / 5'§} /fdu|fdljsf; sf]ifsf] dfu eO/x]sf a]nf n'lDagL ljsf; sf]ifn];ft ca{ nfutsf] u'?of]hgf agfPsf] xf] . ToxfFFsf] P]ltxfl;sk'/ftflTjs tyf wfld{s :ynsf] ljsfz u/L a'4;Fu;DalGwt laleGg ;+/rgfx? lgdf{0f ul/g]5 . g]kfn ;/sf/n]agfPsf] u|]6/ n'lDalgsf] kl/sNkgf cg';f/ ca n'lDalg;Fu}b]jbx, /fdu|fd / ltnf}/fsf]6sf] PsLs[t ljsfz ug]{u/L

of]hgf agfOPsf] s'/f n'lDalgl:yt sf;fO xf]6]ndfPs kqsf/ ;Dd]ng cfof]hgf ub}{ sf]ifsf of]hgfk|d'v ;/f]h e§/fOn] hfgsf/L lbP .

u|]6/ n'lDagLcGtu{t agfOPsf] u'?of]hgfn] :t'kIf]qsf] Ps ;o !& la3f hUuf ;d]6]sf] 5 . u'?of]hgfcg';f/ hUuf clwu|x0fsf nflu Ps ca{ %) s/f]8/ ;+/rgfx? lgdf{0fsf nflu ;f9] kfFr ca{ ?k}ofFnfut cg'dfg ul/Psf] 5 . of] ah]6 ;/sf/;Fudfu ul/Psf] klg hgfOPsf] 5 . gjnk/f;L lhNnfsf]/fdu|fd gu/ kflnsfdf /x]sf] of] If]qsf] /fdu|fdr}Todf slxNo} glgsfln /flvPsf] a'4 c:t' wft'

/x]sf] sf/0f klg cem a9L dxTj /x]sf] If]qsf] ?kdflnPsf] 5 . af}4 lty{ofqLx?sf lglDt of] Ps dxTjk"0f{:ynsf] ?kdf lnOPsf] 5 . -lag' rf}xfg, ;'efo\ kf]:6;+jfbftf_


;+3jtL cgfufl/sf /x]gg\@) df3, sf7df8f}+ . wd{sLlt{ ljxf/sf

cfjf;Lo cgfufl/sf u'?df+ ;+3jtLsf] *@ jif{sf]pd]/df @)&^ df3 !( ut] cfOtjf/sf lbg ljxfg

$M#) ah ] lgwgx'g 'eof ] . pxf Fsf ]kfyL{j z/L/ !( ut]lbge/ wd {s L lt {l jx f /d } + c l Gtdbz{gsf nflu /fvL@) ut] ;f]djf/sflbg lbpF;f] !@ ah]wd{sLlt { ljxf/sf ]

wDdfuf/ wDdxnleq lbj+ut cgfufl/sf ;+3jtLsf]of]ubfg :d/0f Pj+ ;'ult;lxt lgjf{0f sfdgf u/Lkl/qf0f kf7, kf+;'s'n bfg, k'0ofg'df]bg sfo{kl57Ls ! ah] zaofqf ;'? u/L If]qkf6L, wf]aLrf}/x'Fb} n''tL9Nsf] M zf]efeujtLl:yts0f{bLkdf y]/jfbL ;+:sf/cg'?klbpF;f] @ ah] clGtd bfx;+:sf/ul/of] .

le I f ' k Gg fd " lt {dx f :y lj/;dI f k~rzLnk|fy{gfkl5 wd{sLlt{ af}4 cWooguf]i7Lsf pkfWoIf cgfufl/sfjLo{jtLn] lbj+ut cgfufl/sf;+3jtLsf] ;+lIfKt hLjgL k|sfzug ' {eof ] . To;kl5 g ]k fncgfufl/sf ;+3sf k|d'v Pj+wd{sLlt{ ljxf/sf ;+Yfflksf k|d'vwDdfrl/o cUudxfuGyjfrskl08t cgfuf l/sf u '?df +wDdjtLn] lbj+ut cgfufl/sf;+3jtLsf] af/]df af]Ng'eof] .To;kl5 clvn g]kfn leIf' dxf;+3sf dxf;lrjleIf' sf]08Gon] d/0ffg':d[lt;DaGwL pkb]z ug'{ePkl5dtsj:q kf+;'s'n bfg ul/of] . wd{sLlt{ ljxf/sfcgfufl/sf u'?df+x?, lbj+ut u'?df+ ;Da4 kl/jf/

Pj+ >4fn' bftfx?af6 pkl:yt leIf';+3 tyfcgfufl/sf ;+3nfO{ bfgk|bfg kl5 clvn g]kfnleIf' dxf;+3sf pkfWoIf leIf' wd{d"lt{ dxf:ylj/n]k'0ofg'df]bg u/fpg'eof] .

lbj+ut ;+3jtL u'?df+sf] kfly{j z/L/nfO{of]ufDa/ u'lysf u'lyof/x?n] wf]aLrf}/;Dd, To;kl5wd{sLlt{ af}4 cWoog uf]i7Lsf ;b:ox?n] lji0fdtLgbL;Dd k'ofO{;s]kl5 tfg;]gb]lv cfpg'ePsf ;Da4kl/jf/ ;b:ox?n] s0f{bLkdf k'ofPsf lyP .

of]ufDa/ u'lyaf6 @ ldg]6 df}gwf/0fsf] nuQ}pkl:ylt leIf ';+3 tyf cgfufl/sf ;+3af6d/0ffg':d[lt kf7 ul/of] . To;kl5 clgRrfjt;+vf/fsf] WjgL u'Ghg;Fu} leIf';+3sf] tkm{af6 leIf'u'0f3f]if dxf:ylj/, cgfufl/sf ;+3af6 cgfufl/sfcg'kdf, wd{sLlt{ ljxf/af6 pkf;s dbg/TgdfgGw/, wd{sLlt{ ljxf/af6 pkfl;sf nf]rgtf/ft'nfw/, lbj+ut u'?df+sf] kl/jf/af6 efO g/]z

jh|frfo{n] k|ltlglwTj u/Llrtfdf bfualQ afn]sf lyP .

kfNkf—tfg;]gjf;Llktf hutdfg jh|frfo{ tyfcfdf lji0f'dfof jh|frfo{sf]sf]vaf6 hlGdg'ePsf rGb|k|efjh|frfo{n] lj= ;+= @)#( df3@% ut] s'zLgu/df pm= rGb|0fLdxf:ylj/sf] pkfWofoTj tyfleIf' cRo'tfgGb dxf:ylj/sf]cfrfo{Tjdf cgfufl/sf u'?df+;+3jtL gfdn] k|j|lht x'g'ePsf]lyof] . lqlk6sfrfo{ leIf' s'df/sfZok dxf:ylj/, cgfufl/sf/Tgd~h/L tyf ;f;gwhwDdfrl/o cUudxf uGyjfrs

kl08t cgfufl/sf u'?df+ wDdjtLsf] zf;lgscg'zf;g Pj+ 5q5fofFdf k|j|lht hLjg ofkg u/Lcgfufl/sf ;+3jtLn] wd{sLlt{ ljxf/df cfjf;Lo?kdf #& jif{;Dd k|j|lht hLjg ofkg ug'{eof] .


@@ df3, sf7df8f}+ . cGt/f{li6«o af}4 efjgf s]Gb|sf]wDdxn ejg lgdf{0fsf nflu sf7df8f}+ dxfgu/kflnsfn]# s/f]8 ! nfv ^( xhf/ @ ;o ?k}ofF cg'bfg /sdpknAw u/fPsf] 5 . dxfgu/ k|d'v ljBf;'Gb/ zfSon]dxfgu/sf] j8f !) z+vd'nl:yt s]Gb|df s]Gb|sf cWoIfk|tLs/Tg tfd|fsf/nfO{ r]s x:tfGt/0f u/] .

k|d'v zfSon] dxfgu/kflnsfn] ef}lts k"jf{wf/lasf;, ;x/L ;]jf Joj:yfkg / ;Dkbf k'glgdf{0f;Fu}cfˆgf] If]qleqsf ;Defjgfx?sf] k|jw{gdf sfd ul//x]sf]atfP . zfSon] of] ;Fu} :jf:Yo, lzIff / ;fdflhshLjgsf] :t/ psf:g ljz]if1 ;]jfsf] Ifdtf ePsfx?;Fu;xsfo{ ul//x]sf hfgsf/L lbP .

;f] cj;/df s]Gb| cWoIf tfd|fsf/n] of];xof]usf ;fy} 3/ hUuf s/df klg ldgfxul/lbP /fxt x'g] atfP . sfo{qmddf s]Gb|sfpkfWoIf df]tLsfhL zfSon] s]Gb|sf] kl/ro /k|ult k|:t't ub}{} a'4sf] cfbz{ ljZje/ km}nfpgs]Gb|n] /ftlbg sfd ul/x]sf] pNn]v u/] .

To; cj;/df pkk|d'v xl/k|ef v8\uL >]i7,j8fWoIfx?, sfo{kflnsf ;b:ox?, j8f ;b:ox?tyf sd{rf/Lx?sf] ;xeflutf lyof] . @)$@;fndf :yfkgf ePsf] efjgf s]Gb| s/La &/f]kgL ^ cfgf # k};f If]qkmndf km}lnPsf] 5 .

af}4 efjgf s]Gb| lgdf{0fsf] nflu # s/f]8 cg'bfg

@% df3, sf7df8f}+ . sf7df8f}+ dxfgu/n] nl'DagLl:yta|hofg dxfljxf/nfO{ $ s/f]8 @( nfv !* xhf/ ?k}ofFcg'bfg ;xof]u Ps sfo{qmdaLr dxfgu/ k|d'v ljBf;'Gb/zfson] dxfljxf/ ;+rfns ;ldltsf cWoIf k|f= 8f=g/]zdfg ah|frfo{nfO{ r]s x:tfGt/0f u/] . pQm cg'bfg/sdn] n'lDagLdf lgdf{0ffwLg dxfljxf/sf] snfTdscfFvL‰ofn / k|j]z åf/ lgdf{0f ug]{ ePsf] 5 .

sfo{qmdnfO{ ;Daf]wg ug]{ qmddf k|d'v zfSon]n'lDagLdfkm{t\ sf7df8f}+sf] klxrfg laZje/ k'¥ofpg ;xof]uul/Psf] atfpFb} ljZjsf h'g;'s} b]z hfFbf klg uf}tda'4/ ;u/dfyfsf] b]zsf gful/s xf}F eg]/ uf}/jsf ;fyeGg] u/]sf] pNn]v u/] . ca n'lDagL 3'Dg cfPsfko{6s / af}4wdf{nDaLx? g]kfn ah|ofg dxfljxf/leql5bf{ ToxfF g]kfnsf] snf, ;+:s[ltsf] emNsf] kfpg] k|d'vzfSon] ljZjf; JoQm u/] .

n'lDagL gu/kflnsfsf d]o/ dgdf]xg rf}w/Ln]sf7df8f}F dxfgu/kflnsfn] cfˆgf] gu/kflnsf leq /x]sf]

n'lDagLdf g]kfn ah|ofg dxfljxf/ lgdf{0fsf nflu ;xof]uu/]sf] eGb} v'zL JoQm u/] .

n'lDagL leotgfd, >Ln+sfnufotsf b]zn] cf–cfˆg} z}nLsf dxfljxf/ lgdf{0f u/]sf 5g . ToxfFg]kfnLkgsf laxf/sf] gePsf]n] af}4 wd{ ;+3, g]kfnah|ofg dxfljxf/ ;+rfns ;ldlt )^* ;fnb]lv a|hofgdxfljxf/ lgdf{0f z'? u/]sf x'g .

n'lDagLsf] jh|ofg dxfljxf/nfO{ $ s/f]8 @( nfv cg'bfg

sf7df8f}+ dxfgu/åf/f cfly{s cg'bfg

l; k'lGx÷df3 k l0f {df jif { $& c +s !) The Ananda Bhoomi ...a'=; += @%^# 3 The Ananda Bhoomi 2020...

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Transcript of l; k'lGx÷df3 k l0f {df jif { $& c +s !) The Ananda Bhoomi ...a'=; += @%^# 3 The Ananda Bhoomi 2020...