K J Bakken A. Bezuijen, W. Broere & E.A. Kwast, edntors

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PROCEEDINGS OF THE 5TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE OF TC28 OF THE ISSMGE, THENETHERLANDS, 15-17 JUNE 2005

Geotechnical Aspects ofUnderground Constructionin Soft Ground

Edited by

KJ. BakkerDem University of Technology and Plaxis Bl( Dem The Netherlands

A. BezuijenGe0DeM, Dem, The Netherlands

W. BroereDel/9 University QfTechn0logy, Plaxis BI( Del/9, and A. Broere BVAmsterdam,The Netherlands

E.A. KwastHolland Railconsult, Utrecht, The Netherlands

Taylor & FrancisTaylor & Francis Group LONDON/LEIDEN/NEW YoRKfPl'llLADELPHIA/SINGAPORE

Ministerie van Verkeer en WaterstaatNRi jkswaterstaat

TC za *ggff twDelft \ giKIVI NIRIA

ISSMGE

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Table of Contents

Preface XIIIOrganization XVSpecial lectures

TC28 - tunnelling: reflections on advances over 10 years 3RJ Mair

Deep excavations in Singapore marine clay 13JN. Shirlaw TS. Tan & K.S. Wong

Session reports

The effects of tunnelling on existing structures 31A.E van TolBored tunnels 43C. W W Ng

Mitigating measures for underground construction in soft ground 55H. Akagi

Numerical analysis of tunnels and deep excavations 61H.E Schweiger

Monitoring ground and structural response to underground construction works 67JR. StandingDeep excavations 81SJ Boone

Design methods for tunnels, influences on foundations

Comparison of various structural safety tunnel calculations in soft soil 93A. de Boer & RH. Waarts

Centrifuge study of tunnel movements and their interaction with structures 99R Caporaletti, A. Burghignoli & R.N. Taylor

Twist behaviour of buildings due to tunnel induced ground movement 107JN. Franzius, D.M. Ports & JB. Burland

The effects oftunnelling on piled structures on the CTRL 115S.W Jacobsz, K.H. Bowers, N.A. Moss & G. Zanardo

Dutch research on the impact of shield tunnelling on pile foundations 123EJ Kaalberg, E.A.H.Teunissen, A.E van Tol & J W Bosch

Measurements and evaluation of the influence of two bored tunnels at reduced distance(<0.5 D) in a homogenous sand layer 133E.A. Kwast & GRC. van Oosterhout

V

Three-dimensional numerical simulation oftunnelling effects on an existing pileG.TK. Lee & CWW Ng

CTRL London Tunnels: an alternative approach to delivering a major tunnelling projectT McDonald & K.H. Bowers

The effect of new tunnel construction under existing metro tunnelsN.A. Moss & K.H. Bowers

Review ofthe limiting tensile strain method for predicting settlement induced building damageH. Netzel

Structure interaction effects on tunneling induced settlementsD. Simic

Investigating stresses around tunnels and piles using photo-elasticity techniquesJR. Standing & WKM.T Leung

Bored tunnels: construction

Large diameter tunnelling under poldersRAutuori & S. Minec

Grout properties and their influence on back fill groutingA. Bezuyen & A.M. Talmon

Pressure gradients and muck properties at the face of an EPBA. Bezuyen, A.M. Talmon, JEWJoustra & B. Grote

Settlement due to tunnelling on the CTRL London TunnelsK.H. Bowers & NA. Moss

Bayesian updating of tunnel performance for K0 estimate of Santiago gravelRl. Braga de Queiroz, RN del Roure & A. Negro Jr

Predicting the settlements above closely spaced triple tunnels constructions in soft groundD.N Chapman, C.D.E Rogers & D. VL. Hunt

Settlement assessment of running tunnels - a generic approachD.1. Harris & JN. Franzius

Work and design ofa new tunneling method ‘SENS’ to unconsolidated groundH. 1ida,A. Isogai, K. Chishiro, T Ono, X Koyama & A. Koizumi

Settlement behaviour of a shield tunnel constructed in subsiding reclaimed areaK. Komiya, & K. Takiyama & H. Akagi

Effect of slurry clogging phenomena on the face stability of slurry-shield tunnels1. Lee, S. Lee, K. Choi & L.N. Reddi

Influences of physical grout flow around bored tunnelsS.J Lokhorst, C.B.M. Blom, B.M.A. Slenders & E.A. Kwast

Settlements of HSL immersed tunnelsH. Mortier Ch. JA. Hakkaart & WM. 't Hart

Control of contaminated groundwater during tunnel excavationN.A. Mul’{fG/'I & J Butler

Centrifuge experiments on stability oftunnel face in sandy groundR Oblozinsky & J Kuwano

Prediction of shield tunneling influences on ground deformation based on theconstruction processH. Oota, K. Nishizawa, T Hashimoto & J Nagaya

VI

Geotechnical centrifuge tests to verify the long-term behaviour ofa bored tunnelH.M.A. Pachen, H.E. Brassinga & A. BezuUen

Compressed air driving and monitored soft ground and groundwater behaviorH. Quick & S. Meissner

Prediction of ground settlement by Peck-Fujita and numerical methodsB.A. Rastbood, K. Shahrian A. Khoshravan Azar & A. Rastbood

Analytical stability models for tunnels in soilL.E. Sozio

Investigating variations in tunnelling volume loss - a case studyJR. Standing & JB. Burland

Influence ofgrout material in shield tail on shield tunnelling performanceM. Sugimoto, A. Sramoon & H. Iwasaki

Grouting the tail void of bored tunnels: the role of hardening and consolidation of groutsA.M. Talmon &A. BezuUen

Centrifuge modelling ofthe effect oftunnelling on buried pipelines: mechanisms observedTE.B. Iénrsten R.J Main K. Soga &A. Klar

Effect ofTBM driving parameters on ground surface movements: Channel Tunnel Rail LinkContract 220J Wongsaroj, FX. Borghi, K. Saga, R.J Main T Sugiyama, T Hagiwara & K.H. Bowers

Soil and lining responses during tunnelling in water-bearing permeable soil- 3D stress-porepressure coupled analysisC. Yoo & S.B. Kim

Mitigating measuresTrial works on soil consolidation before tunnel constructionE.S. Argal, VA./ishikhmen, VM. Korolev & L.E. Pronina

Numerical study ofa measure for mitigating ground displacements induced by tunnellingE. Bilotta, G. Russo & C. Viggiani

Using a semi-empirical method to estimate the ground displacements caused by grouting operationsD.N. Chapman, A.H.C. Chan & S.K. Ahn

Influence of underground excavation on compensation grouting in clays; small-scalelaboratory experimentsM.T Cheong & K. Soga

Compensation grouting for TBM tunnelling beneath shallow-coverE. Chiriotti, N Avagnina, P Grasso & G. Tripoli

Tunnelling under the city centre ofAntwerp: a new underground railway link for the HSLParis-Brussels-AmsterdamM. Christiaens, E. HemerUc/or & J-C _ Vereerstraeten

Ground movement control in the construction ofa new metro line in BarcelonaA. Gens, A. Di Mariano, JM. Gesto & H. Schwarz

Fracture grouting; improving the grouting efficiency in sandR. te Grotenhuis, A.F van Tol, JK. Haasnoot & A. BezuUen

Application of ground freezing for underground construction in soft groundH. Ha/3 & R Schakrs

Cost reduction of diaphragm wall excavation using air foamIf Kondo, T Nakayama, H. Naoe & H. Akagi

VII

Artificial ground freezing: How to model and calculate the frost-heave?N.M. Naaktgeboren

Crossing a railway embankment of loose packed sand with a shield tunnelH.M.A. Pachen, M.B. de Groot & R Meyers

Vertical geotechnical barrier erected by compensation groutingVR Petrukhin, O.A. Shuyayev & O.A. Mozgacheva

Controlling the risk of sinkholes over EPB driven tunnels - a client perspectiveJN. Shirlaw S.J Boone, NB. Sugden & A. Peach

Centrifuge modeling of soil load transfer to flexible sewer linersA. Spasojevic, R.J Mair & J Gumbel

Uetliberg Tunnel, evaluation of the soft ground headingR. Stadelmann

Numerical analysis of tunnels ana' deep excavations

Numerical simulation of a strain softening behavior ofa shallow tunnel for a bullet trainS. Akuragawa, JH. Lee, N Doba, T Kitagawa, S. Konishi & T Mrasunaga

Numerical analysis of settlements related to tunnelling: the role of stress-induced anisotropyand structure degradation in fine-grained soilsA. Amorosi & D. Boldini

A 3D FE model for excavation analysisK.J Bakker

Numerical analyses of soil-foundation-building interaction due to tunnellingM. Boonpichetvong, H. Netzel & JG. Rots

A study ofthe response of monumental and historical structures to tunnellingA. Burghignoli, W Lacarbonara, FM. Soccodato, F Wastroni & G. Wggiani

Three-dimensional analysis of shallow tunnels in saturated soh groundC. Callari & S. Casini

Numerical analysis for provision oftunneling - induced ground deformation in granular soilF Castelli & E. Moria

Soil-structure interaction and its influence on displacements induced by tunnel excavations1. Chissolucombe, A.R Assis & M.M. Farias

Stability analysis ofthe marly formation around a tunnel in IranA. Fahimy’ar & H. Soroush

A new stress-strain approach for tunnel face stabilityA. Guilloux, A. Kurdts, V Bernhard! & H. Wong

4D grouting pressure model PLAXISFJM. Hoefsloot & A. I42rweU

Tunnelling on urban areas: 3D numerical analysis of soil/structure interaction0. Jenck & D. Dias

Parametric studies for shield tunnelling in soft soilsT Kasper & G. Meschke

Analyses of pile foundations subjected to ground movements induced by tunnellingR Kitiyodom, T Matsumoto & K. Kawaguchi

Axial pre-stresses in the lining ofa bored tunnelA.J Koek, K.J Bakker & C.B.M. Blom

VIII

Numerical analysis of foundation for underground bridge project in Moscow1. V Kolybin, D.E. Razvodovsky A. V Skorikov & A.A. Starshinov

Rigid-plastic analysis of tunnel face stability affected by ground waterS. Konishi, lf Kawashima, T Tamura, T Kitagawa, H. Iida & T Matsunaga

Numerical and comparative analysis of earth passive pressure actingR Koudelka & T Koudelka

Numerical modelling ofthe behavior of shield tunnel lining during assembly ofa tunnel ringH. Mashimo & T Ishimura

Numerical analyses ofa tunnel in London clay using different constitutive modelsD. Maiin & 1. Herle

Three-dimensional analyses of piled raft foundations subjected to ground movementsinduced by tunnelling71 Masumoto, R Kitiyodom & K. Kawaguchi

New developments ofthe MOMIS database applied to the performance of numerical modelling ofunderground excavationsPh. Mestat & X Riou

Numerical analysis of displacements ofa diaphragm wallM. Mitew-Czajewska

Prediction of settlements and structural forces in linings due to tunnellingS.C. Moller & PA. Iérmeer

Soil improvement during excavation in soft ground and development of analysis methodfor earth retaining structureX Motoi

Simulations oftunnel excavation in 2D and 3D conditions considering building loadsT Nakai, E. Sung, H.M. Shahin & M. Yamamoto

Calculating GRC for tunnels supported by grouted rockboltsM. Palassi & S.M. Qoreishi

Study of soil-retaining wall interaction by the contact finite element methodA. Ras & A. Bekkouche

Settlement of single foundations due to diaphragm wall construction in soft clayey groundR. Schafer & Th. Triantafyllidis

Design ofinitial support system oflsfahan twin tunnels in soft groundK. Shahrian B.A. Rastbood & A. Khoshravan Azar

Analysis of effects of tunnelling on single pilesJ Surjadinata, .LR Carter: TS. Hull & H.G. Poulos

Passive resistance of soft clay in deep excavationsT Tamano, H.Q. Nguyen, M. Kanaoka, H. Marsuzawa & S. Mizutani

Influence oflagging distance on the interaction oftwo open face parallel tunnelsD.K.W Tang & C. WW Ng

A study ofthe interaction between the new C line of Roma underground and the Aurelian WallG.M.B. Viggiani, FM. Soccodato & A. Burghignoli

Monitoring of underground constructions

Back analysis of monitoring data for Metro TorinoG. Barla, M. Barla, M. Bonini & R. Crova

IX

Ground movements and strains in the lining ofa tunnel in cohesionless soilE. Bilotta, G. Russo & C. Wggiani

Movements induced on existing masonry buildings by the excavation ofa station ofToulouse subway line BF Emeriault, T Bonnet-Eymard, R. Kastnen E. Vanoudheusden & Jlf de Lamballerie

A simple evaluation method of adjacent ground settlement due to excavation workK. Kojima, H. Ohta, A. Iizuka & M. Tateyama

Geodetic monitoring of underground excavations: 70 years after Terzaghi’s innovative techniquesat the Chicago Subway TunnelsVA. Kontogianni, RA. Psimoulis, S.l. Pytharouli & S. C. Stiros

Optical fibre sensors for remote tunnel displacement monitoringN. Meye, D.N Chapman, C.D.E Rogers, R Miao, S.N Kukureka, R Henderson & M. Beth

The response of pile foundations subjected to shield tunnellingC.H. Pang, K.lf Yong, YK. Chow & J Wang

Monitoring for construction ofthe North/South metro line in Amsterdam, the NetherlandsJT van der Poel, E. Gastine & FJ Kaalberg

Monitoring results of a tunnel excavation in urban areaG. Russo & G. Modoni

Construction ofa new Metro line in Barcelona: design criteria, excavation and monitoring systemH. Schwarz, R. Boté & A. Gens

The response of full-scale piles to tunnellingD. Selemetas, JR. Standing & R.J Mair

Remote real-time monitoring of tunnelling-induced settlement using image analysisWA. Take, D.J White, K.H. Bowers & N.A. Moss

Analysis of settlements caused by tunneling with an earth-pressure balance machine andcorrelation with excavating parametersE. Wznoudheusden, G. Petit, J Robert, E Emeriault, R. Kastnet; JY de Lamballerie & B. Reynaud

Monitoring Amsterdam Central Station during construction ofa new metrotunnelJH. de Vries & A.M. W Duyvesteyn

Deep excavations

25 years of underground engineering in a plastic clay formation: the HADES undergroundresearch laboratoryW Bastiaens & E Bernier

Influences of use of pile-type cross-walls on deep excavationsB.C. Benson Hsiung, H.D. Lin & WB. Lin

Design of excavation support using apparent earth pressure diagrams: consistent designor consistent problem?S.J Boone & J Westland

Estimating displacements associated with deep excavationsS.J Boone & J Westland

The stability of piles adjacent to a slurry-supported trenchC.K. Choy, R.J Mair & JR. Standing

The North/Southline from site investigation to diaphragm wall installationJ Herbschleb, R. van der Sman & JC. WM. de Wit

X

Diaphragm walls and cross-walls used to prevent bottom heave in soft clay for lot 2of Lilla Bommen tunnel in GothenburgK. Karlsrud, 0. Engelstad, R. Wunsch & D. Svdrd

Interlock friction in steel sheet pilingD.A. Kart

Prediction of surface settlement caused by excavationTC. Kung& C.X Ou

Centrifuge tests on lateral earth pressure using a movable earth support apparatusS. Kusakabe, N Suemasa, Y Toyosawa, K. ltoh, S.B. Tamrakar & T Ichikawa

Three-dimensional behaviour ofa circular excavation in Nantes, FranceS. Marten & E. Bourgeois

Effect of clay ground condition on stability of slurry trenchM. Ohno, M. Katagiri & K. Saitoh

Case study ofa deep excavation in soft soils with complex ground water conditions in BagotaJA. Rodriguez

FE-analysis of five deep excavations in lacustrine clay and comparison with in-situ measurementsH.F Schweiger & H. Breymann

The Effect of mixed foundations on the response of some buildings to excavation.LN Shirlam D. Wen, R.A. Algeo & K. Patterson-Kane

Analysis of anchored diaphragm walls displacements in the tunnels ofthe Warsaw MetroA. Siemiriska-Lewandowska

Behavior of plate foundation in deep excavation beneath 32-storey building in MoscowAJ( Skorikou D.E. Razvodovsky, I.VKolybin &A.A. Starshinov

Field tests and numerical investigation of splits anchors in structured clayT Tamano, H.Q. Nguyen, M. Kanaoka, X Fuseya & W Tonosaki

Effects ofjet grouting under sheet piles on seepage failure stability of soilT Tanaka & T Yokoyama

Identification of soil parameters for excavation using optimum methodXG. Tang, TC. Kung & RG. Hsieh

Foundations under the 60 t wine fermentation cisterns, Gevgelija - MacedoniaS. Tomov & Lj. Dimitrievski

Discussion sessions

Sponsors

XI

Preface

In 1989, the International Society for Soil Mechanics and Geotechnical Engineering (ISSMGE) established acommittee known as Technical Committee 28 (TC28) “Underground Construction in Soft Ground”, with themain purpose to provide a forum for interchange of ideas and discussion amongst representatives from manycountries with an active interest in tunnelling and deep excavations in the urban environment.

In 1994, TC28, chaired by Professor K. Fujita, organized its first symposium, which coincided with theISSMGE’s International Conference in New Delhi. Professor R.J. Mair then succeeded Professor Fujita as Chair­man of TC28, and three day symposia were subsequently held in London (1996), Tokyo (1999) and Toulouse(2002). This volume contains the Proceedings ofthe fifth symposium ofthe series, held in Amsterdam in June2005.

The terms of reference for Technical Committee 28 are: to provide a data source of information about thedesign, construction and analysis of deep excavations and tunnels, with particular emphasis on the development,effects and control of ground movements; to encourage the production of national reports on the design andmonitoring ofdeep excavations and tunnels by ISSMGE Member Societies; and to disseminate and discuss thesereports at international symposia on Geotechnical Aspects of Underground Construction in Soft Ground.

In agreement with these terms of reference, the following themes were established:

- Tunnelling in soft ground- Mitigating measures- Numerical analysis oftunnels and deep excavations- Monitoring of underground constructions- Deep excavations

For practical purposes, the first theme was split into two presentation sessions; Design Methods for Tunnels,Influences on Foundations; and The Construction of Bored Tunnels.

The first two days of the Symposium were dedicated to technical discussion sessions, with presentations ofgeneral reports and individual papers. The opening lecture was given by Professor Arnold Verruijt, and twoinvited special lectures were given. The first, by Professor Robert Mair, was an overview of the key technicaladvances achieved during the first ten years of TC28; and the second, on Deep Excavations in the Singaporearea, was presented by Mr. Nick Shirlaw.

The third day ofthe Symposium was dedicated to technical visits. Field trips were organised to the GroeneHart Tunnel, to the construction site ofthe new North/South Metro Line in Amsterdam, and to the Randstad Railsite in Rotterdam, all of which were under construction at the time.

This volume ofthe Proceedings contains 131 papers, including the general reports, special lectures and notesonthe discussions in the technical sessions. All the papers have been reviewed both by the Scientific Committeeand by members ofTC28. The collection of papers and reports published in this volume provides a major sourceof reference on underground construction in soft ground.

The success of the Symposium, must be attributed to the authors of papers, the speakers at the Symposiumand the delegates that came to Amsterdam to present their work, either orally or in the poster session as well asparticipating in the discussions.

Special thanks go to the Dutch Public Works Department and to the companies, both from The Netherlandsand from abroad, that were willing to give financial support to the organization ofthis Symposium; a list ofthesponsors is included in this proceedings.

K.J. Bakker & R.J MairChairmen ofthe Symposium

A. Bezuijen, W Broere & E.A. KwastEditors

XIII

Organization

The Symposium of Technical Committee 28 on Underground Construction in Soft Ground was organized by theRoyal Institution of Engineers in The Netherlands KIVI/Niria under the auspices ofthe International Society forSoil Mechanics and Geotechnical Engineering.

Technical Committee 28

Prof. Robert Mair ChairmanDr Jamie Standing Secretary

Core members

Mr Adam Bezuijen NetherlandsDr Alain Guilloux FranceDr Arsenio Negro Jr BrazilDr Joseph Mecsi HungaryDr Walter Steiner Switzerland

Members

Dr ir Klaas Jan Bakker NetherlandsProf. Giovanni Barla ItalyDott. Ing Marco Barla ItalyDr Storer Boone CanadaMr Paulo Branco CanadaProf. Tarcisio B. Celestino BrazilMr Peter Day South AfricaIr Freerk de Boer NetherlandsEng. Pedro Guedes de Melo PortugalDr Pal Gy6rgy HungaryDr JeffP Hsi AustraliaMr Pedro J. Huergo BelgiumProf. Richard Kastner FranceProf. Hans-Georg Kempfert GermanyDr Borislav Kirov BulgariaDr B. Klosinski PolandProf. Kazuhito Komiya Japan

Dr Petr KoudelkaDr Vincent LabiouseProf In-Mo LeeProf Charles NgDr Nadezda S. NikiforovaMr Ervin PaciProf Valery P PetrukhinProf Dipl.-Ing. Hubert QuickMr Jacques RobertDr Manuel RomanaProf Cesar SagasetaMr Orjan Sj6str6mDr Nitindra N. SomProf Mitsutaka SugimotoMr Panos VettasDott.Ing. Giulia Viggiani

Czech RepublicSwitzerlandSouth KoreaHong KongRussiaAlbaniaRussiaGermanyFranceSpainSpainSwedenIndiaJapanGreeceItaly

Local Organising Committee

Chairman SecretaryDr Klaas Jan BakkerMr. John van der Kamp

Members

Mr. Han AdmiraalDr Peter van den BergMr Adam BezuijenMr Freerk de BoerProf. Johan BoschDr Wout BroereMr Erik KwastMr Bas ObladenMr Henk OudMr Rob Peters

Prof. Louis de Quelerij

Plaxis BV/TU DelftCongress Office KIVI NIRIA

CUR/COBDelft ClusterGeoDelftHolland RailconsultMunicipality ofAmsterdam/TU DelftTU Delft/Plaxis BV/A Broere BVHolland Railconsult/KIVI NIRIAStruktonCUR/COBMinistry of Transport, Public Works andWater ManagementTU Delft/KIVI NIRIA

Scientific Committee and Editors

Klaas Jan BakkerAdam BezuijenWout BroereErik Kwast

XVI

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Author index

Ahn, S.K. 363Akagi, H. 55, 239, 413Alcutagawa, S. 459Algeo, R.A. 893Amorosi,A. 465Argal, E.S. 351Ashikhmen,VA. 351Assis,A.R 509Autuori, R 181Avagnina, N. 377

Bakker,K.J. 473, 559Bar1a,G. 697Barla,M. 697Bastiaens,W 795Bekkouche,A. 651Benson Hsiung, B.C. 803Bernhardt,\l 521Bernier,E 795Beth,M. 731Bezuijen,A. 187, 195, 283, 319,

397Bi1otta,E. 357, 705Blom, C.B.M. 253,559Boer, A. de 93Boldini,D. 465Bonini,M. 697Bonnet-Eymard, T. 711Boone, S.J. 81, 439, 809, 817Boonpichetvong, M. 479Borghi,F.X. 335Bosch, J.W 123Boté,R. 757Bourgeois, E. 867Bowers, K.H. 115, 145, 151, 203,

335, 771Braga de Queiroz, RI. 211Brassinga, H.E. 283Breymann, H. 887Burghignoli, A. 99, 487, 687Burland, J.B. 107, 305Butler, J. 265

Ca11ari,C. 495Caporaletti, R 99Carter, J.R 665Casini, S. 495Caste11i,F. 503Chan,A.H.C. 363Chapman, D.N. 219, 363, 731

Geotechnical Aspects of Underground Construction in Soft Ground - Bakker et al (eds)© 2006 Tay/or & Francis Group, London, ISBN 0 415 39124 5

Cheong, M.T. 369Chiriotti, E. 377Chishiro, K. 231Chissolucombe, 1. 509Choi, K. 245Chow, YK. 737Choy,C.K. 823Christiaens, M. 383Crova, R. 697

del Roure, R.N. 211Di Mariano, A. 389Dias, D. 535Dimitrievski,Lj. 939Doba, N. 459Duijvesteijn, A.M.W 787

Emeriault, E 711, 779Engelstad, 0. 835

Fahimifar,A. 515Farias,M.M. 509Frar1zius, J.N. 107,225Fuseya,Y 915

Gastine,E. 745Gens,A. 389, 757Gesto,J.M. 389Grasso, R 377Groot, M.B. de 425Grote,B. 195Grotenhuis,R. te 397Gui1loux,A. 521Gumbe1,J. 445

Haasnoot,J.K. 397Ha13, H. 405Hagiwara,T. 335Hakkaart, J.A. Ch. 259Harris,D.I. 225Hart, WM.’t 259Hashimoto, T. 275Hemerijckx,E. 383Henderson, R 731Herbsch1eb,J. 829Her1e,I. 595Hoefs1oot,FJ.M. 529Hsieh, RG. 931Hull, T.S. 665Hunt, D.VL. 219

953

Ichikawa,T. 8591ida,H. 231, 571Iizuka,A. 7191shimura,T. 587Isogai,A. 231Itoh,K. 859Iwasaki, H. 313

Jacobsz, S.W 115Jenck,O. 535Joustra,J.F.W 195

Kaa1berg,FJ. 123, 745Kanaoka, M. 673, 915Karlsrud, K. 835Kasper, T. 543Kastner, R. 711, 779Katagiri, M. 873Kawaguchi, K. 551, 601Kawashima, Y. 571Khoshravan Azar, A. 29Kim, S.B. 343Kitagawa,T. 459,571Kitiyodom, R 551, 601Klar, A. 327Koek, A.J. 559KoizLuni,A. 231Kojima,K. 719Ko1ybin,I.V 565, 907Komiya, K. 239Kondo,Y 413Konishi, S. 459,571Kontogianni,VA. 725Koro1ev,VM. 351Kort,D.A. 845Koude1ka,R 579Koude1ka,T. 579Koyama,Y. 231Ku1cureka,S.N. 731Kung, T.C. 853, 931Kurdts,A. 521Kusakabe, S. 859Kuwano,J. 271Kwast,E.A. 133,253

Lacarbonara, W 487Lamba11erie,J.Y. de 711 779Lee,G.T.K. 139Lee,I. 245Lee,J.H. 459Lee, S. 245

5 661

Leung, WY.M.T. 171Lin,H.D. 803Lin, WB. 803Lokhorst,S.J. 253

Mair, R.J. 3, 327, 335, 445, 763,823

Marten, S. 867Mashimo, H. 587Ma§in,D. 595Masumoto,T. 551, 601Matsunaga,T. 571Matsuzawa, H. 673McDonald, T. 145Meijers, R 425Meissner, S. 289Meschke, G. 543Mestat, Ph. 609Metje, N. 731Miao,R 731Minec, S. 181Mitew-Czajewska, M. 615Mizutani, S. 673Modoni,G. 751M611er, S.C. 621Mortier, H. 259Moss,N.A. 115, 151, 203, 771Motoi,Y. 629Motta, E. 503Mozgacheva, O.A. 433Mtasunaga,T. 459Munfah,N.A. 265

Naaktgeboren,N.M. 419Nagaya,J. 275Nakai,T. 637Nakayama,T. 413Naoe, H. 413Negro Jr.,A. 211Netzel, H. 159, 479Ng, C.WW 43, 139, 681Nguyen, H.Q. 673, 915Nishizawa, K. 275

Oblozinsky,R 271Ohno,M. 873Ohta,H. 719Ono,T. 231Oosterhout, G.RC. van 133Oota,H. 275Ou,C.Y. 853

Pachen, H.M.A. 283, 425Palassi, M. 645Pang, C.H. 737

Patterson-Kane, K. 893Peach, A. 439Petit, G. 779Pet1'u1d1in,VR 433Poel, J.T. van der 745Potts, D.M. 107Poulos, H.G. 665Pronina, L.E. 351Psimoulis, RA. 725Pytharouli, S.I. 725

Qoreishi, S.M. 645Quick,H. 289

Ras,A. 651Rastbood, A. 295Rastbood, B.A. 295, 661Razvodovsky, D.E. 565, 907Reddi,L.N. 245Reynaud, B. 779Riou,Y 609Robert, J. 779Rodriguez, J.A. 881Rogers, C.D.E 219,731Rots,J.G. 479Russo, G. 357, 705,751

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954

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Yamamoto, M. 637Yokoyama,T. 923Yong, K.Y. 737Yoo, C. 343

Zanardo, G. 115

This volume contains a collection of 122 papers, six reports on Symposiumthemes, two reports on special lectures and notes on the technicaldiscussion sessions, presented at the Fifth International Symposium onEEnlE£hni|:al ll5pEEl5 nf Unllergruunll Ennslrurliun in Eufl Eruunll held in Amsterdam(The Netherlands), 15-17 June 2005.

The symposium was organized by the Technical Committee 28"Underground Construction in Soft Ground" of the International Society forSoil Mechanics and Geotechnical Engineering (ISSMGE). This is the latestin a series which began in New Delhi in 1994 and was followed by symposiain London (1996), Tokyo (1999) and Toulouse (2002). The AmsterdamSymposium was sponsored by the Dutch Public Works Department(Rijkswaterstaat) and by various national and international companies.

Delegates from 34 countries discussed the contributions of researchers andengineers involved in aspects of research, design and methods of under­ground construction.

The contributions cover:. Design methods for tunnels, influences on foundation

Bored Tunnels: constructionMitigating measuresNumerical analysis of tunnels and deep excavationsMonitoring of underground constructions_ Deep excavations .

The general reports give an overview of the different papers listed in the sixtechnical sessions of the symposium. The proceedings include a report onthe special lecture on Tunnelling, including an overview of the work beingdiscussed in the last four symposia of TC28 by Professor Mail; and a reporton Deep Excavation in the Singapore area by Mr Shirlaw.

The volume provides a valuable source of reference on the current practiceof analysis, design and construction of tunnels and deep excavations insoft ground.