Islamization, Ethics and Values in Science

and Technology

ByIslamic Value....· and Ethic.'i in Engineering Sciences Research Group

(IVEES-RG)

International Islamic l'nhel-sity 'lalaysia (II L 1\1)

Editors

Suleyman Aremu 'Iuyibi

Waleed Fckry Faris

Jamal Ibmhim Daoud

]\Iohamed Elwathig Saeed 'Iirghani

Abdi Omar Shul+iye

'la'an Fahmi R. Alkhatib

.lalel Chebil

I IU;\l IJress

Published by:IlLM Press

International Islamic University \1alaysia

First Edition. 2011'£IlL\l Press, IIU:'v1

All rights resened. :\0 pan of this publication may be reproduced. stored in aretrie\al sY5lem, or transmitted. in any form or by any means. electronic,

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Perpustakaan :\c'gara \Ialaysia Cataloguing-in-Publication Data

Suleyman Aremu MuyibiIslamization. Ethics and Values in Science and Technology

Suleyman Aremu \luyibi ... let aL].ISB~ 978-967-022:'-S2-1

IS 8"\' : 9'x-lJ6 7-022:'-82-1

T'v1ember of\1ajlis Penerbitan llmiah 1\blaysia - \lAPI\l(l'\'lalaysian Scholarly Publishing Council,

IIV\} PRI"lTI'IG SD:\.RHD.1\ o. I. Jalan Industri Balli Ca\es l.~

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Tel: -60:3-6188 1542/44.1 45 Fax: -603-6188 1."4:3EMAIL: iillmprinting~[yahoo.com

Islamic Values and Ethics in Engineering Sciences Research Group (IVEE-RG)Members

Abdi Omar ShuriyeAhmad Tariq JameelJalel ChebilJamal Ibrahim DaoudMa'an Fahmi R. AlkhateebMohamed Elwathig Saeed Mirghani (Secretary)Mohammed Saedi Jami (Coordinator)Nassereldeen Ahmed KabashiParveen JamalRaed KafafyShihab A. HameedSouad A. Mohamad Albat'hiSuleyman Aremu MuyibiWaleed Fekry Faris

Authors:

Abdelaziz BerghoutAbdi Omar ShuriyeAbdul Haseeb AnsariAhmad Tariq JameelIbrahim M. ZainJalel ChebilJamal Ibrahim DaoudMa'an Fahmi R. AlkhateebMohamed Elwathig Saeed MirghaniMohammed Saedi JamiMuaz HawariNassereldeen Ahmed KabashiOmar H. J. HajjajOthman Omran KhalifaParveen JamalRaed KafafySayed Desouky HassanShihab A. HameedSouad A. Mohamad Albat'hiSuleyman Aremu MuyibiWaleed Fekry Faris

v

Short Bio-data for Authors

Assoc. Prof. Dr. Shihah A. Hameed

Is currently Associate Professor in depal1ment of electrical and computer engineeling IlUI\I

University J\lalaysia. He is Senior \lemher II::J:::r: (Computer & Communications) and member of

sewral Intemational and Local professional societies. He is a member of cuniculum committee

and developing course outlines for many ne\v courses in Computer and soft\\are engineering. He

obtained his PhD in Soft\\are Engineering tl'om UK\1. He has three decades of industrial and

educational experiencc. His research interest is mainly in the software engineering. Professional

Ethics. Software quality. suneillance and monitoring systems. healthcare and Telemedicine. Dr.

Hameed supervising many PhD and \laster Students. Leading many funded research projects as

well as leader or member of se\ eral research groups or unites. He published more than 100

papers in various intel1lational and national referred joumals and conferences. Dr Hameed

obtains Tens of \ledals and re\\ards tbr his innovation and advanced research work. He is

member of se\cral editorial boards for refened joumals as \\ell as membtT of several organizing

committees t()r intemational conferences.

Assoc. Prof. DL Waleed F. Faris

Waked F. FallS is the Deputy Dean in the Otticc of Corporate Strategy & Qualit\" Assurance in

the Intemational Islamic Universit: .\lalaysia (IlU\II. and also holds an appointment as an

Associate Professor in the r-.1cchanical Engineeling Department and \Iechatronics Dcpal1ment of

the same University since 2004. He obtained his SSe in \kchanieal Engineering ii'om Zagazig

Uni\ersily. Egypt. in 1989. his .\ISc rrom the same uni\ersilY in 1996. and his PhD from

Virginia Tech, USA. in 2003 in l\on-linear Dynamics. He has to his credit thrcc books and more

than 90 tt'chnieal papers in reputed joumals and rett:'reed confert'nees in Vehicle. structuraL and

Systcm Dynamics and Control and ,\/VH and management and Islamization. He is a member of

the Japanese Society of ~c\utomoti\t' Engineers. and a technical committee mcmber and re\ ic\\er

ofscvcral international joumals and conferences \\orld-\\ide.

Assoc. Prof. Dr. 'lohamed Elwathig Saeed \lirghani

vi

A Sudanese. currently Associate Protessor in the Department of Biotechnology Engineering.

Kul1iyyah (Faculty) of Engineering. IIUvI. He obtained his firsl degree fi·om Cairo Lni\crsity,

Cairo, EgYVt: the .:::nd degree Ii-om Lni\ersity of Gezira. \lcdani. Sudan and the PhD ti'om

Lnivcrsity Putra \lalaysia (LJ P\l). He is member of sc\(~ra1 Inte1l1ational and Local professional

societies such as AOeS. AFOCS. SCS. etc. He is registered as consultant for Sudanese

Agricultural Engineers Lilian. He honoured mally awards locally and at inkmational level. Ife

published more than 90 papers in various international and national rdelTed joumals and

conte-rences proceedings. He is member of several editorial hoards and organizing committees

t(H intemational conle-rences.

PI'of. Dr. Abdul Haseeb Ansal-j

Prole-ssor Dr. ,'\bdul Hasceh Ansari ohtained his B.Sc. f)'om Gorakhpur Uniwrsity. India and

LL.I\L Ph.D. from Banaras Hindu Lniversity. India. He has special interest in re\'Cnue !a\\.

emironmental law. inte1l1ational la\\ and comparative jurispmdenee. He has C\:tensively

contributed on different aspects or environmental Ll\\. He has a long C\:perienee of teaching and

guiding research in these subjects. lIe has extensively contributed to the knowledge by

publishing eighty O\er articles and a book. He is Editor-in-Chief of Jouma1 of Islamic La\\

Review. Prolessor Ansari has membership of sOl11e of the intemational institutions of high

repute. He is presently \\orking as a Prolessor at the lntemational Islamic Lniversity, \lalaysia.

In ':::005, he got the best researcher award of the university. In 2008. was honored \\-ith the

outstanding researcher a\\'ard of the university'.

Assoc. Prof. Dr-. Paneen Jamal

Associate Professor Dr. Paneen Jmal obtained her degrees fi'om /\.ligarh lvluslim Lniversity.

India. She joined lntemational Islamic University in 1997_ Her areas of expertise are: natural

product processing. optimization for bioactive compounds. secondary metabolites and their

applications. biocomersions of natural product and organic residues to value-added products. In

these areas. she has completed se\eral projects and has published a large number of articles in

various national and intemationaljoumals.

Prof. Dr. Abdelaziz Berghoutvii

Abdelaziz Berghout. an Algelian. is a Professor of Civilization. Islamic Studies and Creative

Thinking. Faculty of Re\ealed Knowledge and Human Sciences. International Islamic

Cniversity. \lalaysia. He has obtained the Best Lecturer A\\ard (2003), Best Researcher Award

(2006) and Outstanding Researcher A\\ard (200f). Currently. serves as the Dean. (Corporate

Strategy and Quality Assurance), International Islamic Uni\ersity l\falaysia. He also served as

Director of Co-cunicular Activity Centre Covering Director of Student Developmenl Di\ision.

He senes as advisor and consltant to many organisations in \1alaysia. LSA. Jl,.1orocco. Turkey.

Australia and Singapore ... etc. He published many books, among which are. Prophetic

.\ltthodology and Social Change (1995) . Ci\ ilizational Thought: 1\eed for Transftmnation of

.\l3n, Thought, Educ.lt ion and Culture (2003 j, Islamic Discourse in a !\1uIti -Re ligious and \1 uhi­

Cultural Society (2005 2008). Foundations of Civilizational Renewal and its lniversal

Dimensions: A Study on Malik Bennabi·s Thought (1006), The Islamic WorIdvie\\ and

Renewal: A Civilizalional Approach (2006), To\\ards an Islamic Theory ttlr Ci\'ilizational

Dewlopmenl: the Contribution of Said :\ursi (20U6). Islam and the Ci\'iliztional Project in

contemporary World, (20C)7). Strategic Thinkjng to Enhance Human Capital De\elopment. Co­

author, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, 2009. He also published many al1ic1es in local and

International Journals. He Lecutred e.\.tensively throughout the world. among other places. the

UK. Holland, Australia. Algeria. I\lalaysia. Singapore. Turkey, the Phillipiccns, Brunie-. Saudi

Arabia. Qatar. K3\vait Syria. United Arab Emarates, Bahrin, Oman. Jordan ...etc. The scope of

his lectures cover area such 3..<;, Islamic thought, culture. civilisation. globalisation. cducation,

quality . strategic planning Il1 higher education. world view. creati\'t~ and critical thinking.

ci\ilisational dialogue ... etc.

Assist. Prof. Dr. Jamal I. Daoud

Dr. Jamal I. Daoud obtained his B.Sc. (1981) degree from lniversity or Baghdad. Iraq. PhD

(1992) ii'om State Academy of J\1anagcl11cnt. \loscow, Russia. His interests arc in Regression

Analysis. Experimental Design and Statistical Inference. He has published a number of papers on

the application of regression and cxpclimental design and many other papers in statistics and

mathcmatics as \vell. Dr Jamal is co-author of four books in experimental design. intercntial

viii

statistics and regression analysis, He has presented papers at several intemational conte-rences,

He is presently working at the Intemational Islamic Lni\ersity I\lala\'sia.

Professor Eng... Dr. Suleyman Aremu 'luyibi

He eamed his BS Engineering (cum laude) with maJor In environmental control from the

University of Central Florida LSA. l'vIEng (Civil Engineering) majoring in Water Resources and

Environmental Engineering from the University of Benin. '\igeria PhD in Environmental

Engineering II"om the Uniwrsity of\lewcastk. UK and Diploma in Islamic Studies (DIS) from

the Intcmational Islamic University \Ialaysia, He is a member of Islamic Values in Engineering

and Ethics in Engineering Research Group. a member of the ;\igerian Society of Engineers

(NSE). a Registered Civil Engineer (CORE'\. 1'\igeria), a member of the \Jalaysian \lational

Committee on lITigation and Drainage (!\IA'\CID), a member of1'\igcrians in Diaspora Science

and Technology Committce(DI1'\ISAn, member of \Ioringa ]\e\\s Network. Coordinator of the

Bioel1\ironmental Engineering Research Unit (BERL) at the International Islamic University

\lalaysia and member of \Ialaysian Water Association (1\'1\\'.\), His area of expel1ise and

interest is in water resources and environmental management with special emphasis on Islamic

perspectives. He have authored and co-authored morc than 150 publications in joul11als.

conferences, technical reports. and a book.

Assoc. Prof. Dr. Harnzah 'Iohd. Salleh

Hal11zah .\lohd. Salleh received his tertiary education from the Lniverslly of Waterloo. Canada

from 1982-1986 (BSc), 1986-1988 (\lSc) and 1989-1994 (PhD). He completed his post­

doctoral training at the Lniversity of\'1ichigan. USA in 1995. He has c:\lensively contributed in

the dewlopment of the Faculty of Engineering by' serving in different committees and holding

administrative positions from 1995 to 2008. Ilis CU1Tent interests inc1ude biological and cataly-tic

properties of enzymes including enzyme technology and engineeling~ biotransfi..,mlation; values

and ethics in science and tcchnology~and halal science.

ix

Associate P"ofessor Dr. '\assereldeen Ahmed Kabbashi Abuelfutouh

Dr. i\assereldccn Ahmed Kabbashi Abuelfutouh obtained his PhD from Lniversity of Putra

\lalaysia 2002 in Em iron mental Engineering. Dr. Kabbashi area of interest is in Composting;

Process C(11ltrol: Strategic planning and \lanagemenL Biocthaonol and Biodiesel production and

\lanagcment; Environmental Engineering: Technology \lanagemcnt: Solid Waste Management:

Production & Application of '\anotechnology f()r \\aste\\-ater treatment; and Water and

Waste\\ater Treatment and \lanagement. Dr Kabbashi is a member of Biotechnology

Engineering Research Cnit ill the Biotechnology Engineering Depal1ment under Kulliyyah

Engineering IlU\l.

Assistant Prof. DL Souad A. \'lohamad

Assistant Prof. Dr. Souad A. \lohamad IS currently an academic staff at department of

manufacturing and materials engineering. faculty or engineering. IILI\1. She obtained her SSe.

from Basra Uni\Crsity. Iraq. \1.Se. Baghdad Lniversity. Iraq and PhD. \lala)a Lniversity. Kuala

Lumpur. \lalaysia. in materials science. Her area of interest is solar energy and Solar Cells.

green technology. thin tilms, semiconductors and polymers, electro-photochemical sensitization.

food science and islamizatiol1 of knowledge. She has a long experience of teaching and

supenising students in these subjects. In 2005 and 2007 she got the best teacher awards at

center for fiJundation studies of IIU\1. In '::010 she has been selected as a revie\\er for Asia­

Pacitic Journal of Chemical Engineering and nU\1 Engineering Journal.

Assistant Prof. Dr. ']a'an Fahmi R. Alkhatib

Dr. \la'an Alkllatib obtained his B.Se. in chemical engineering from University of Jordan and

\1.Sc. in chemical and process engineering from the '-Jational Lniversity of \lalaysia. \,hile his

Ph 0 \\3S obtained from L niversi ty Putra \1 alaysia in El1\ironmental Engineering. In 2007. he

joined the International Islamic Lni\Crsity !\lalaysia as a lecturer in the Department of

Biotechnology Engineering. His research interest is on aeti\ated carbon. nanom3terials.

bioadsorbents and alternatiw fuels. Dr. 1\la'an has published many papers in journals and

conferences. He also won many a\\ards in local and international exhibitions.

x

CO'\TE'\TS

Short Bio-data for Authors

PrefaceSynopsis

Chapter 1VALUES Ai\D EDL"C\TIOI\ WITHIN THE FRA\lE\\ORK OF

ISLA\HSATIOI\ OF KNOWLEDGEAbdelaziz Bcrghout

Chapter 2ETHICAL ISSl~ES l:'-J E~VIRO:'-JrvlENTAL \IA:--.JAGEIVIE\lT A\JD RESOLRCE

CONSERVATIO\; FRO\lISLAT\IIC PERSPECTIVE

Sulcyman .\remu \luyibi & Hamzah \lohd SalJeh

Chapte," 3

RELlCiIOUS TOLERANCE AND DIALOCJUE E\ VIEW OF GOLEN'S

CiLOBALlZED WELTA:\SCHALU\G

Abdi O. Shuriye

Chapter 4

TOWARDS AN ISLA\lIC THEORY OF DEVELOP\lENT BASED O~ QLRA:\IC

APPROACH: SUR.AH QLRAISH A.S A CASE STLDY

Sayed Desouky Hassan, Waked F. Faris & Racd Kafafy

Chapter 5

RIGHT TO A HEALTHFUL E'\IVIRON\lENT IN ISLA!\1: AN EXPOSITORY

STLDY

Abdul Haseeb Ansari & Paneen Jamal

Chapter 6

EARL Y \lLTSLlM CO'\lTRIBUTIO:\S TO ASTRONO.\I'l·

Abdi O. Shuriye 8: :\~iSI'eldeen Kabashi

Chapter 7

ETHICS OF THE STLDE:\T AND PROFESSOR: ABOLT THE CHARTER OF

THE \'IOR../\L FRO~vIISLA\IIC PROSPECTIVE

\Iohamcd Ehvathig Saeed \lirghani 8.: \'la'al1 Fahmi R. Alkhatib

Chapter 8

\ILSLl\l CONTRIBUTlO"lS TO PHYSICS

Abdi O. Shuriye 8: Waked Faris

3-15

16-26

n-45

46-54

55-76

78-91

92-99

100-110

Chapter 9

E-WASTE: PROBLPdS, ISLA\IlC PERSPECTIVE AND SOLUTlOl\S

Waleed r. Faris. Othman O. Khalifa and \luaz Hawari

Chapter 10HARf\IFL'L DATA THAT AFFECT ETHICAL, RELIGIOUS. A:'\D SOCIAL

VALUES OF INTERT\ET CSERS N EOLCATIOT\ PROCESS

5hihab A. Hameed

CHAPTER 11LSE A'..JD ABLSE Of TECHI\OLOGY: Il\TERl\ET AS A CASE STUD)'

Waleed F. Faris & Jamal 1. Daoud

Chapter 12ISSCES O\l ETIIICS Ai\D VALUES 11\ E:\!GI.'\EERIl\G PR...-\CTlCES

.-\bdi . O. Simriye

Chapter 13CA\lISLA\llC BA'..JKf.'\G INDLSTR\' ETIHCAL FRA\IE SAVE THE FI:"JA'..JCIAL

SAVE THE WORLD FI:-JAI\CIAL S\'STEI\1: THE RESPO,\SE OF ISLAf\IIC

B·\'\IKS I'\J 2001< FI'\A.'\CL-\L CRISIS

Hassanuddeen A. Aziz

112-124

125-142

143-156

157-165

166-176

TO\VARDS AN ISLAMIC THEORY OF DEVELOPl\IE~TBASED ONQURANIC APPROACH: SURAH QURAISH AS CASE STUDY

Sayed Desouky Hassan, Waleed F. Faris & Raed Kafary

Introduction

One of the main worries for all so called '"third world" countries, which includes mainly all

the Muslim countries, is the issue of development. Unfortunately, though this matter consumed and

still consumes a lot of money and efforts in the above mentioned countries. we cannot see the gist

of it yet. what we can see is some infrastructure here and there and societies of consumption that

buy and use the most advanced products imported from the developed countries. So, we are looking

into consumption-based development not production-based development.

Another major problem, as well, is that we do not have our own theory of development that

we can start from it, on contrary, we are trying all sorts of theories on development that were

produced in a different environment and for different societles. This is another main reason for the

continuous fallure in most ofthe development projects in the "third world".

To go deeper into the issue, we have another major problem with the definition of

development itself, if you make a simple questionnaire and circulate it among most of the Muslim

countries you \vill receive different perceptions whlch will lead to more confusion than ever.

In this paper, we try to explain briefly, the western theories of development and the defmition of

development as \velL Then, we \vill embark into outlining a preliminary theory on development

extracted from Islam as the cradle for cultural values and morals in the Muslim world.

Theories of Dewlopment

Development theory is a conglomeration of theories about how desirable change in soclety

IS best to be achieved. Such theories draw on a variety of social scientific disciplines and

approaches71. As the defmltion implies, the existing theories are quite diverse.

Traditionally, economists have made little if any distinction bet\veen economic growth and

economic development using the terms almost synonymously.

As a concept, economic development can be seen as a complex multi-dimensional concept

involving improvements in human well-being. However, critics point out that the gross domestic

product (GOP) is a narrow measure of economic welfare that does not take account of important

, http:i'en.\\"ikipcdia.org/wikiiDewlopment theory.

47