Indus Valley

Chapter 7

Pg. 116~ PBS India Intro. Video ~

(5:23 Minutes)

Objectives

• How did government develop?• How did they rise/fall?• Discuss major conflicts and the

significance of them.• What role does religion play?• Discuss the impact of the innovations of

the period.

Vocabulary

1. Subcontinent2. Monsoons3. Hinduism4. Reincarnation5. Caste System6. Epics7. Asoka8. Peshawar9. Tamils10. Guptas

Ancient Asia MapUse pages 118, 127 and 136 for locations.

Directions: Locate the following by outlining and coloring locations. Identify locations by name or number and use DIFFERENT COLORS for areas adjacent to each other.

1. Himalaya Mountains2. Hinu Kush Mountains3. Arabian Sea4. Bay of Bengal5. Sri Lanka6. Nepal7. Tibet8. Kapilavastu9. Indian Ocean10. South China Sea

4

India’s Legacy

• Hinduism• Taj Mahal • Decimal System• Creating Zero

~ PBS Taj Mahal Video ~(1:13 Minutes)

Indus Valley Timeline (Text Pg. 130)

— Harappan Age (2500 – 1500 B.C.)• Highly developed cultures in Mohenjo-Daro and

Harappa— Vedic Age (1500 – 500 B.C.)

• Invaders took over India, it is called the Vedic Age because of the sacred books created called Vedas

— Epic Age (900 – 500 B.C.)• Late Vedic Age when the Mahabharata and

Ramayana were created in which ideas of the Hindu religion are presented

— Mauryan Empire (321 – 184 B.C.)— Gupta Empire (A.D. 320 – 500)— Post Guptan “Golden Age” (A.D. 500 – 1100)— Dehli Sultanate (A.D. 1100 – 1526)

Harappan Age (2500 – 1500 B.C.)

Harappa & Mohenjo-Daro• Located in Indus River Valley• Developed civilizations

– Industry / Trade– Writing– High level of organization

• Aryans invaded

Mohenjo-Daro and Harappa

Mohenjo-Daro Slideshow

Harappa Slideshow

Homes in Mohenjo-Daro

• Grid layout• Different districts• Paved streets lined

with shops• Windows facing the

courtyard• Staircases to roof

Bathrooms in Mohenjo-Daro

Toilets

Sewer System

Drainage Outlets

Mohenjo-Daro

• Citadel or fort– Guarded the city – Had a granary and a

large bath believed to be used for religious rituals.

Inside the Citadel

• Bath located in the middle of the picture

• Granary in the background on the mound

Different Classes of People

• Domestic articles• Children’s toys

Stamp Seals

• 400 Symbols found– Not deciphered

• Used to show ownership

Religion

Goddesses

The Priest-King

Aryan Invasion

(1750 B.C.)

Look at geography:

What features do you see?

Where would people settle?

Why would they settle there?

Explain the ecosystems in India.

Aryans

Nomad warriors From Central Asia Group split

One to Greece, Italy & Europe One to Asia Minor & Middle East Third crossed Hindu Kush Mtns.

—Found Dravidians: People from Indus Valley—Aryans herded animals between raids—Neglected Dravidian cities

Check this out…Click video and be able to answer the following questions.

• In which country is Harappa located today?• Before the 1920’s why would Europeans

believe that Indian culture was primitive / backward?

• What happened to Harappa that made it “lost” for so long?

~ PBS Harappa Video ~

(3:43 Minutes)

Vedic Age (1500 - 500 B.C.)

Veda = Knowledge• First Aryan-influenced civilization• Vedas = a collection of writings/scriptures

– Contained information on how Aryans lived

• # 1 Family - #2 Concern for group– To this day, the welfare of the Indian family is

often more important that the wishes of an individual.

• Hinduism began

Religion - Hinduism Is it monotheistic or polytheistic?

Brahman = God = Everything in the universe

There are many more Gods, but they are the different faces of Brahman.

Reincarnation = “To be put again into a body.”

Life exists so the soul can learn the difference between the dream and reality.

Vedic Age (1500 - 500 B.C.)

—Caste system begins Social organization 4 Groups

Government Nomadic Tribal with

a king

Epic Age (900 - 500 B.C.) – Notice…this is still in the Vedic Age

Epics = Long story-poems on heroic subjects & offer ethical instruction

Most famous poems• Mahabharata• Ramayana

Government• Small kingdoms formed• Had some elements of democracy

– King was leader of legislative, executive and judicial areas

Epic Age (900 - 500 B.C.)

Sanskrit (alphabet) invented

~ PBS Sanskrit Video ~

(4:39 Minutes)

Answer these questions during the video.

1. Which caste passed down the Vedas?

2. What 2 languages have similar words to Sanskrit?

Indian Invasions & Empires (328 B.C. – A.D. 647)

Alexander the Great» Hoped to conquer Asia» Crossed into Indus Valley» Defeated

Mauryan Empire (321 – 184 B.C.)

Chandragupta Maurya• Influenced by Alexander the Great• Seized northern kingdoms• Declared himself ruler

Mauryan Empire (321 B.C. – 184 B.C.)

Asoka• Grandson of Chandragupta• Planned to unify India• Tried war once

Didn’t like it– Became Buddhist– Told his people to

lead virtuous lives

• After his deathmany bad leadersand then more invasions until A.D. 200

Gupta Empire – “Golden Age”(A.D. 320 - 500)

Daily Life• City-State Government

– Rulers were strong and fair

• Income from:– Port fees

– Land taxes

– Produce taxes

• Buddhism declined• Learning Advanced

– Developed number symbols

– Decimal system

– Created Zero

– Earth was round

(Check out the date…Some Europeans still thought the world was flat by A.D. 1000!)

Post-Guptan “Golden Age”(A.D. 500 - 1100)

• Small Kingodoms ruled– Many wars– Southern Kingdoms Stronger– 800 A.D. – Northern Kingdoms rose

• Fought off Abbasid armies– Abbasid – People from present day Iraq

• Great Architecture created• 1000 A.D. – Cholan Empire (South)• 1100 A.D. – Abbasid armies won

Dehli Sultanate(A.D. 1100 - 1526)

• Muslim general started dynasty• Made of many dynasties

– 1192 – Slave Dynasty• Mamluks – Slave Soldiers• Converted Hindus & Buddhists to Islam• Ended in civil war

– 1290 – Khalji Dynasty• Controlled even southern part of India• Began loosing control by 1325• Southern India = Hindu state• Central India = Islamic state

– 1398 – Mongols invaded • Ended Delhi Sultanate by 1500

Islam introduced to India.