Znhy-t_m-[\w ]ªn-t°-j≥kvtkm^nbm sk‚¿

Hm¿Ø-tUmIvkv skan-\mcn

tIm´bw -˛ 686 001

hne: 40.00

tUm. Koh¿Kokv am¿

HkvXm-Øn-tbmkv

hnizm-k-Zo]vXn(Hm¿Ø-tUmIvkv hnizmk hni-I-e\w)

Znhy-t_m-[\w KŸm-hen 6

Viswasadeepthi(Orthodox Christian Apologetics)

Dr. Geevarghese Mar Osthathios Metropolitan

Published by : Divyabodhanam PublicationsOrthodox Seminary, P.B. 98, Kottayam

Ph: 0481 - 2566 526, 2566 650

First Published : June 1985

Second Edition : December 1991

Third Edition : June 2000

Revised Edition : August 2005

Copyright reserved

Number of copies : 3000

Available at : Orthodox Seminary and Other Christian Bookshops

D.T.P. : Sophia Print House, Kottayam Ph: 0481 - 2303237

Printing : Udaya Offset Press, Kottayam Ph: 0481 - 2567370

Price: Rs. 40/-

(Malayalam)

]kvXm-h\

k`mw-K-߃°p-th≠n Hm¿Ø-tUmIvkv sshZnI skan-\mcn Ah-

X-cn-∏n-°p∂ Hcp hnizmk ]cn-io-e-\-]-≤-Xn-bmWv Znhyt_m[\w. Ignhpw

Xm¬]-cy-hp-ap≈ B¿°pw kvXo]pcpj t`Z-sat\y Cu ]≤-Xn-bn¬

tNcmw.

k -bpsS hnizmkw Adn-bp-∂-Xn\pw ]pe¿Øp-∂-Xn\pw ASpØ Xe-

apdbv°p ]I¿∂psImSp-°p-∂-Xn-\p-ap≈ Npa-Xe sshZn-I¿°p amX-

ap≈X√. k` apgphs‚bpw IqSn-bp≈ DØ-c-hm-Zn-Xzam-Wn-Xv. Afl-mb-

°m-cmb kvXoIƒ°pw ]pcp-j-∑m¿°pw hfsc henb ]¶m-Wp-≈Xv,

Cu Npa-Xe Imcy-£-a-ambn \n¿hln°p-∂-Xn¬.

bp‡n-Nn-¥-bpsS Cu Ime-b-f-hn¬ kXy-hn-izmkw \ne-\n¿Ø-W-

sa-¶n¬, Bcm-[-\-bnepw kXy-Ønepw kvt\l-Ønepw A[n-jvTn-X-amb

Hm¿Ø-tUmIvkv hnizm-ksØ _p≤n-]-cambn°qsS kzmb-Ø-am-t°-

≠p-∂-bm-hiyw k`mw-K-߃s°-√m-h¿°p-ap-≠v.

]tXy-In®pw kt≠-kvIqƒ A≤ym-]-I¿, a¿Ø-a-dnbw kamP

]h¿Ø-I¿, bph-P\ ]ÿm-\-Ønepw hnZym¿∞n ]ÿm-\-Ønepw

t\XrXzw \¬Ip-∂-h¿, apX-emb t\XrXz \nc-bn-ep≈ Aflm-b¿°v

hnizm-k-]-T\w ]tXy-I-ambn Bhiyam-Wv.

`‡n-tbmSpw hniz-mk-tØmSpwIqSn-bp≈ kXym-cm-[-\bpw InkvXp-

hns‚ a\pjykvt\l-Øns‚ aq¿Øo-I-c-W-hp-amWv k`-bpsS c≠p

][m\ Npa-X-e-Iƒ. Ch c≠pw icn-bmbn \n¿h-ln-°-W-sa-¶n¬ k`m-

]m-c-º-cy-Ønse KmVamb D]-cn-⁄m-\-Øns‚ Xmgv∂ ]SnI-fn-te-s°-

¶nepw hnizm-kn-Iƒ IS-∂p-h-cmsX, hnizm-k-Im-cy-߃ sshZn-I¿°p -

am-X-ambn hn´p-sIm-Sp-°p-∂Xv Hm¿Ø-tUmIvkv ]mc-º-cy-Øn\p \nc-

°m-Ø-Xm-Wv. aqtdm\`n-tj-Iw-aqew ]cn-ip-≤m-flm-hns\ ]m]n®n- p≈

F√m kXyhnizm-kn-Iƒ°pw, Bcm-[-\-bnepw a\pjytkh-\-Ønepw

IqSn-bp≈ Xß-fpsS InkvXob [¿a\n¿∆l-W-Øn\v Cu ]≤Xn klm-

b-I-ambnØoc-s´. ssZh-Øns‚ ]cn-ip-≤m-flmhv \ΩpsS kvt\lw

\nd™ P\ßsf Xs‚ ]tXyI IcpW-bm¬ ISm-£n®v Ah¿°p

Znhy-t_m-[\w \¬Im≥ Cu ]≤Xn D]-tbm-Kn-°p-am-dm-Is´.

tUm. ]utemkv am¿ KntKm-dn-tbmkv saXm-t∏meoØm(]kn-U‚ v, Znhy-t_m-[\w tIµ-°-Ωn‰n)

tIm´bw

20 12 1983

4 hnizm-k-Zo]vXn

]km-[-I-°p-dn∏v

XotbI ssZhhnizm-k-Øns‚ hf¿®bpw ]tXy-I-X-Ifpw, Hm¿Ø-tUmIvkv k -bpsS hnizmk Du∂ep-Ifpw A[n-I-cn®v Znhy-t_m-[\w ]T\]≤-Xn-bn¬ Bdm-a-Xmbn ]kn-≤o-I-cn® "hnizmkZo]vXn' ]cn-jv°-cn®v ]kn-≤o-I-cn-°p-I-bm-Wv.

hn`m-Ko-bX Xp≠p-Xp-≠m-°nb temI-Øns‚ apdnhpw at\m-`m-hhpwkuJy-am-°p-hm≥ ZØ-i-≤-\mb Hcmƒ, k`m-hn-izmkw ]Jym-]n-°p∂Hcp-h-\mbn Npcp-ßp-Itbm? ]mSn-√mØ ]hrØn-bs√ AXv? k`-bpsSa°ƒ°v ssZhw c-ta-ev]n®p \¬Inb XotbI ssZh-hn-izmkw Db¿Øn-∏n-Sn-°p-I. AXn-ep-d®p hf-cp-hm≥ ss[cyw ]I-cp-I. adn-®p≈ ia-ß-sf-°p-dn®v ap∂-dn-bn∏v \evIp-I. CsX√mw Hcp t\Xm-hns‚ Npa-X-e-bs√?Xo¿®bm-bpw. hnizm-k-Øns‚ Ip‰n Dd-∏n-°p-hm≥ "Nm¥p-Iq´p' \evIp-∂-Xn¬ hnP-bn® KŸIm-c\pw Kpcp-hp-amb A`n. tUm. Koh¿Kokv am¿ HkvXm-Øn-tbmkv Xncp-a-\- n-t\mSv \µn-bp-≠v.

Znhy-t_m-[\w ]h¿Ø-\-߃°v \n¿tem-]-amb A\p-K-lm-in- p-Iƒ\¬In-s°m-≠n-cn-°p∂ Cu ]ÿm-\-Øns‚ c£m-[n-Imcn- IqSn-bmb ].tamdm≥ am¿ _t -en-tbmkv am¿tXmam amXyqkv ZznXo-b≥ ImtXm-en-°m-_mhm Xncp-ta-\ntbm-Sp≈ hnt[-b-Xzhpw BZ-chpw hn\-b-]p-c- cw ka¿∏n-°p-∂p.

Cu KŸ-߃ ]kn-≤o-I-cn-°p-∂-Xn¬ ta¬t\m´w hln-°p∂]ÿm\w ]kn-U‚pw skan-\mcn ]n≥kn-∏-ep-amb dh. tUm. sI. Fw.tPm¿P-®≥, Ub-d-IvS¿ dh. m. ‰n. sP. tPmjzm, sshkv ]kn-U‚ v dh.^m. tUm. tP°_v Ipcy≥, cPn-kvSm¿ dh. m. tUm. tPm¨ ]Wn-°¿,tIm˛Hm¿Un-t\-‰¿ m. tP°_v amXyp, sk≥S¬ Hm¿K-ss\-k¿ s]m^.h¿§okv amXyp F∂n-h-c-S-ßp∂ Znhy-t_m[\w tIµ-I-Ω-‰n-bmWv Cu]ÿm-\-Øns‚ A\p-Zn\ ]h¿Ø-\-߃ \nb-¥n®p hcp-∂-Xv.

sshZnI skan-\m-cn-bpsS B`n-ap-Jy-Øn¬ \S-Øn-h-cp∂ Cu ]≤-Xn-bpsS ]T-\-\n-e-hm-c-Øns‚ DØ-c-hm-ZnXzw skan-\mcn m-°¬‰n-bn¬ \n£n-]vX-am-Wv. ]mtZ-inIXe-Ønepw bqWn‰p Xe-Ønepw A≤ym-]-Icpw kwLm-S-Icpw Cu ]ÿm-\-Øns‚ \S-Øn-∏n¬ A£oWw ]h¿Øn-°p-∂p-≠v.Ah¿s°√mw ]tXyIw \µn tcJ-s∏-Sp-Øp-∂p.

k¿t∆m-]cn kIe \∑-Iƒ°pw Imc-W- q-X-\mb k¿∆-i-‡-\mb ssZh-Øn\p kvXpXn A¿∏n-®p-sIm≠v Znhy-t_m-[\w KŸm-h-en-bn¬ Bdm-a-tØ-Xmb Cu KŸ-w ]cn-jv°-cn®v ]kn-≤o-I-cn-°p-∂p.

Znhy-t_m-[\w tIµ-I-Ω-‰n-°p- th≠n

^m.- tP-°_v amXyp (tIm˛Hm¿Un-t\-‰¿)

hmßn∏p s]cp-∂mƒBKÃv 15, 2005. ]gbskan-\m-cn

5hnizm-k-Zo]vXn

hmMvapJw

Hm¿Ø-tUmIvkv k -bpsS hnizmkw hn. thZ-]p-kvXIm[njvTn-Xhpw

F∂m¬ hn. thZ-]p-kvX-I-Øm¬ AXn¿hcºp hbv°-s∏-Sm-ØXpam-

Ip∂p. kIe kXy-Ønte°pw hgn-\-S-Øp-∂Xp hn. thZ-]p-kvX-I-

amsW∂ [mcW thZ]pkvXIm[njvTnXa-√. kXyØns‚ BflmhmWv

kIe kXyØnte°pw hgn\-SØp-∂-Xv. AtX Bflmhv \n_n-b-∑m-

cnepw «ol-am-cnepw ]nXm-°-∑m-cn-epw -IqSn ]Tn-∏n® hnizm-kw -Xs∂

C∂pw hf¿∂p-sIm-≠n-cn-°p-∂Xp ]cn-ip-≤mfl ssNX-\y-ØmemWv.

Hcp sFIyp-sa\n-°¬ ssZh-imkvXw C∂v DS-se-Sp-Øp-sIm-≠n-cn-

°p-I-bm-Wv. AXn-te-°p≈ ]bm-W-Øns‚ am¿K-tc-J-I-fn¬ H∂mbn

"hnizmkZo]vXn' -Aw-Ko-I-cn-°-s∏´m¬ KŸ-I¿Ømhp kwXr-]vX-\m-bn.

"aq∂p hnizm-k-k-Xy-߃', "hnizm-kn-bm-bn-cn-°,' "c£ InkvXp-hn¬

am-Xtam?' "ssZhaps≠∂p sXfnbn°mtam?' F∂o KŸ-߃°qSn ]Tn-

°p∂h¿°v Cu sNdpKŸw Kln-∏m≥ ]bmkw Ipd-bpw.

"Znhy-t_m-[\w' KŸm-h-enbnse 6˛mw ]mT-]p-kvXIw sNdp-sX-¶nepw

henb ]T-\-Øn\v Bh-iy-amb hnj-b-ß-fmWv AXn¬ ]Xn-]m-Zn-®n-cn-

°p-∂-Xv. CXv FUn-‰p- sN-øp-∂-Xn¬ A`n-hµy amXyqkv am¿ _¿∂-

_mkv B_q\pw _. ‰n. sP. tPmjzm A®\pw sNbvX tkh-\-߃°p

\µn tcJ-s∏-Sp-Øp-∂p.

Fs‚ KŸw ]cn-jvI-cn®v ]kn-≤o-I-cn-°p-hm≥ th≠ i≤bpw

D’m-lhpw ImWn® Znhy-t_m-[\w tIµIΩ‰ntbmSpw ]tXyIn®v

Fs‚ injy∑mcmb m. tUm. tPm¨ ]Wn-°¿, m. tP°_v amXyp

F∂n-h-tcmSpw \µnbp-≠v. "hnizm-k-Zo-]vXn' A⁄-m\m-‘-Imcw am‰p-

hm\pw hn⁄m-\-hn-izm-k-]-Imiw ]c-Øp-hm\pw ssZhw D]-tbm-Kn-°s .

Koh¿Kokv am¿ HkvXm-Øn-tbmkv

tkm^nbm sk‚¿

BKÃv 15, 2005

6 hnizm-k-Zo]vXn

D≈-S°w

]kvXm-h\ 3

]km-[-I-°p-dn-∏v 4

hmMvapJw 5

bqWn-‰v 1

InkvXob hnizmk kwc-£-W-hm-Z-߃

1. hnizmk kwc-£WhmZ-߃: Hcp BapJw 9

2. hnizmk kwc-£-W-hm-Z-Øns‚

Bh-iyhpw ]m[m-\yhpw 13

3. thZ-]p-kvX-I-m[n-jvTn-Xamb hnizm-k-kw-c-£-W-

hm-Z-߃ 18

4. At∏m-kvtXm-enI ]nXm-°-∑m-cpsS hnizm-k-kw-c-£-W-

hmZ-߃ 22

5. Adn-bq-kn-s\-Xn-cmbn AØm-\m-tkymkv 27

6. I∏-tZm-Iy≥ ]nXm-°-∑m-cpw AK-kvXo-t\mkpw 31

bqWn‰v 2

Ing-°≥ k`Iƒ

1. Hm¿Ø-tUmIvkv hnizm-k-sa-∂m¬ F¥v? 36

2. I¬°-tZm\y kp∂-ltZmkv 40

3. c≠mw \nJy-m hsc 43

4. Ing°pw ]Sn-™mdpambp≈ ]nf¿∏v 47

5. Hmdn-b‚¬ k- -Ifpw ss_k‚-bn≥ k -Ifpw 50

6. kwhm-Z-kw- m-j-W-ßfpw am\hcm-in-bpsS

]p\-ssc-Iy -km-[y-XIfpw 53

7hnizm-k-Zo]vXn

bqWn‰v 3

tdma≥ ItØm-en°m k`

1. c≠mw hØn-°m-\p -ap-ºpw ]nºp-ap≈

tdma≥ ItØm-en°m k` 58

2. ]cn-ip≤m-flm-hns‚ ]pd-∏mSv 63

3. ad-nb hn⁄m-\o-bhpw Aa-tem-¤-hhpw 66

4. ]m∏-mbpsS A]-am-Zn-Xzhpw ]c-am-[n-Im-chpw 71

5. ]nc-an-Uvt]m-ep≈ c-W-Iaw (ssl-dm¿°n) icntbm? 76

6. s_kv]p¿°m-\mbpw (ip-≤o-I-c-W-ÿ-ew) \nXy-\-cI-hpw 79

bqWn‰v 4

t]m -Â v hn`mK߃

1. eqY-d≥ hnizmkw BKvkv_¿Kv I¨ -j≥ 84

2. Im¬hn\pw s]kv_n-t‰-dn-b≥ hnizm-khpw 88

3. A\m-_m-]v‰n-Ãp-Imcpw _m]v‰nÃp hn`m-K-ß-fpw 94

4. tPm¨ sh…nbpw satYm-Un-khpw 101

5. 19˛mw \q‰m-≠nse en_-d-enkw 106

6. B[p-\nI Chm-©-en-°¬kv 110

bqWn-‰v 1

InkvXob hnizmk

kwc-£WhmZ-߃

(A-t∏m-f-sP‰nIvkv)

]mTw 1

hnizm-k- kw-c£W-hm-Z߃°v

Hcp BapJw

AkXyw, A¿≤-k-Xyw, kXyw sshcp-≤ym-[n-jvTnX bmYm¿∞yw

A]q¿Æ-Xbpw, ]q¿Æ-X-bpw

kXyhnizmkØns\Xncmb tNmZy߃°v DØcw \¬IpI, kXy-

hn-izm-kØn\p \oXoI-cWw \¬IpI, kXyhnizmkØn-s\-Xn-cmb

Nn¥Isf \o°n kwc-£n-°pI AYhm ]Xntcm-[n-°pI (defend)F∂o Imcy-ß-fmWv CXn¬ AS-ßn-bn-cn-°p-∂-Xv.

hnizm-k-kw-c-£-Whm-Zßfn¬ ]cn-ip-≤m-flm-hns‚ \S-Øn∏v Bh-

iyamWv. "thZ]pkvXIw kIe kXyß-fnepw hgn-\SØp'sa∂√ "kXy-

Øns‚ Bflmhv hcp-tºmƒ Ah≥ \nß-sf kIe kXyØnepw hgn-

\-SØpw' (tbm-l. 16:13) F∂mWp I¿Ømhv Acp-fn-s®-øp-∂-Xv. AtX-

k-a-bØp thZ-]p-kvX-IsØ ASn-ÿm-\-am-°n -thWw hmZn°p-hm≥.

"ssZhsØ Bcpw Hcp-\mfpw I≠n-´n√; Ahs‚ aSn-bn¬ Ccn°p∂

GIPmX\mb ]pX≥ Ahs\ shfns∏SpØn' (tbml. 1:18). "Ah-

\net√m ssZh-Øns‚ k¿h kºq¿ÆXbpw tZlcq-]-ambn hkn-°p-

∂-Xv' (sIm-tem. 2:9). Cu shfn-]m-Sns‚ ASn-ÿm\w ]cn-Xy-Pn-®m¬

kXyhn-izmk kwc-£-WhmZw shdpw X¿°-im-kvX-ambn A[x]Xn-

°p-sa∂p amX-a-√

"Hcp \n›-b-an-s√-sbm-∂n\pw

hcp-tam-tcm-Zi h∂-t]mse

hncbp∂p a\p-jy-t\-Xnt\m

Xncnbm temI-clky-am¿°pta'

F∂ A\n›n-Xm-h-ÿ-bn¬ F∂pw InS-t°-≠-Xmbpw hcpw.

InkvXptbiphn¬ ssZhw kzbw kºq¿Wambn shfns∏Sp-Øn-

10 hnizm-k-Zo]vXn

sb∂ Dd-∏p≠m-bncn°ptºmƒ X-s∂, B shfn]mSp- ]q¿W-ambn \mw

Kln®n´ns√∂ hn\bkΩ-Xhpw \ap-°mhiyamWv. "]pdØp-≈h-tcmSp

⁄m\tØmsS s]cpamdphn≥. HmtcmcpØt\mSp \n߃ Fßs\

DØcw ]dbWsa∂v Adn-tb≠Xn-\v, \nßfpsS hm°v Ft∏mgpw Ir]-

tbm-Sp-Iq-Sn-bXpw D∏n-\m¬ cpNn hcp-Øn-b-Xp-ambncn°s´' (sIm-sem.

4:6) F∂p hn. ]utemkpw "\nßfnep≈ ]Xym-i-sb-°pdn®p \ymbw

tNmZn°p∂ Ght\mSpw kuayXbpw `b-`-‡nbpw ]q≠p ]XnhmZw

]d-hm≥ Ft∏mgpw Hcpßnbncn∏n≥' (1 ]tXm. 3:15) F∂p hnip≤

]tXmkpw ]d-bp-∂p. ]cn-ip-≤mfl^ew Imbv°p-∂-h¿°p kvt\l-

tØmSpw kuay-X-tbm-Sp-a-√msX, hnizm-k-ÿncoIcW]Inb t]mepw

\S-Øm≥ km≤ya-√. "I¿Øm-th, Rm≥ hniz-kn°p∂p, Fs‚ Ahn-

izm-k-Øn\v Fs∂ klmbn°-Wsa' (a¿s°m. 9:24) F∂p N-µ-tcm-Kn-

bpsS ]nXmhp ]d-™-Xpt]mse, hn\-b-tØmsS \mw kwkm-cn-°-Ww.

Rm≥ hnizkn-°p∂p F∂ Dd∏pw, Fs‚ hnizm-k-Øm-e√, ssZh-

Øns‚ Icp-W-bn-emWv Fs‚ hnP-b-sa∂ D‰ t_m≤yhpw Hcp-t]mse

\ap°v D≠m-bn-cn-°Ww.

1. Ak-Xyw, A¿≤-k-Xyw, kXyw

hkvXp-\n-jvTamb imkvXob kXy-Øn\p -t]mepw am‰-ap-s≠∂v

C∂p imkvXw kΩ-Xn-t°-≠n- h-∂ncn-°p∂p. sF≥ssÃs‚ Bt]-

£nI kn≤m¥w (Theory of relativity) t]mepw tNmZyw sNø-s∏-´n-cn-

°p-∂p. B‰w AYhm AWp, hn`P-\ob-a-s√∂ kn≤m¥w am‰n Fgp-X-

s∏-´n-cn-°p-∂p.- ]-Tn-°p∂ Bfns‚ Afl-\n-jvTX (Subjectivity) Bhy‡n ]Tn°p∂ ImcyØns‚ hkvXp\njvTXsb (Objectivity)kv]¿in-°m-Xn-cn-°p-∂n-√ F∂ kXyw, imkvXw t]mepw C∂p kΩ-

Xn®p sIm≠n-cn-°p-∂p. Aßs\ t\m°p-tºmƒ Bfl-\n-jvT-X, hkvXp-

\n-jvT-Xsb \nb-¥n-°p∂p F∂p ]d-bmw. AXp-t]mse hkvXp-\n-jvTX

Bfl-\n-jvT-Xsbbpw \nb-¥n°p-∂p≠v. ssZhw kºq¿Æ B-fl-\n-jvT-

Xbpw hkvXp-\n-jvT-X-bpw- D≈-h\pw, Chbv°p c≠n\pw AXo-X-\p-am-

Ibm¬, ssZh-Øn¬ ]q¿WkXyw ImWp-∂p. ssZhw C√ F∂p ]d-

bp-∂Xv Ak-Xy-hpw, Ahs\ \mw ]q¿W-ambn Adn™p F∂p ]d-bp-

∂Xv A¿≤-k-Xy-hpam-Ip-∂p. "Rm≥ Xs∂ hgnbpw kXyhpw Poh-\p-am-

Ip-∂p' (tbml. 14:6) F∂p I¿Ømhp ]d™Xv, Xm≥ ]q¿W ssZhhpw

]q¿W a\pjy\pam-sW∂ ]q¿W-k-XyØns‚ shfn-s∏-Sp-Ø-em-Wv.

InkvXob ssZh-imkvX heb-Øn¬ \n∂psIm≠p amXta kXyhn-

izmkw ÿm]n-°p-hm≥ km≤yam-Iq. ssZhim-kvXØns‚ ASn-ÿm\w

11hnizm-k-Zo]vXn

XnXzhn-izm-k-am-Wv. XnXz-hn-izm-knsb kw_-‘n-®n-S-tØmfw \nco-iz-

c-hmZw Ak-Xy-am-Wv. XnXz-a-√mØ GI-ssZ-h-Øn-epw, GI-Xz-an-√mØ

Xnaq¿Øn-I-fn-ep-ap≈ hnizmkw A¿≤-k-Xy-ß-fm-Wv. XnXz-Øn-ep≈

hnizmkw apgpk-Xy-am-Ip-∂p. btlm-h -amXw ssZh-sa-t∂m, InkvXp-

amXw ssZh-sat∂m ]cn-ip-≤m-flmhp amXw ssZh-sat∂m ]d-bp-∂Xp,

XnXz-a√mØ GI-ssZh-Øn-ep≈ hnizm-kamWv. AXv A¿≤k-Xy-amWv.

]nXm-hpw ]pX\pw ]cn-ip-≤-dq-lmbpw GIXzØn¬ XnXzhpw, XnXz-

Øn¬ GIXz-hp-am-sW∂p ]d-bp-∂-XmWp XnXzhn-izm-kw, AXp apgp-

kXyhpam-Wv. kvt\lØns‚ \nXy-]-h¿Ø\ km≤y-Xbpw, ]q¿W-

Xbpw XnXz-hn-izm-k-Øn¬ AS-ßn-bn-cn-°p-∂p. ssZhw kjvSmhpw

hos≠-Sp-°p∂h\pw ]q¿Øo-I-cn-°p-∂-h\p-am-Ip∂p. Cu \ma-߃

ssZh-Øns‚ aq∂p ]hrØn-Isf amX-a√ Nq≠n-°m-Wn-°p-∂-Xv,

XntbI ssZh-Øns‚ D◊bnepw Bf-Ø-Øn-ep-ap≈ Hcp-abpw hyXym-

khpw ImWn-°p-∂p (Iq-Sp-X¬ 5˛mw ]mT-Øn¬).

2. sshcp-≤ym-[n-jvTnX bmYm¿∞yw

19˛mw \q‰m-≠n¬ tkmc≥ Io¿°n-Km¿Uv F∂ AkvXn-Xz-Nn¥I≥

Nq≠n°mWn®Xpt]m-se, tbip-InkvXp ]c-a- sshcp≤yam-Ip∂p (Su-preme paradox). P\-\-an-√mØ ssZhw P\n®p F∂pw, acWan√mØ

ssZhw acn®p F∂pw ]d-bp-∂Xv bp‡n°p hncp-≤-am-Wv. AtX-k-a-

bØp hnizm-k-Øns‚ A¥¿Zr-jvSn-bn¬ AXp ]c-a-k-Xy-hpam-Ip∂p.

tbip-InkvXp Hcp a\p-jy-s\∂p sXfn-bn-°p-hm≥ hnizmkw Bh-iy-

an-√. F∂m¬ tbip-In-kvXp- ]q¿W ssZhhpw ]q¿W a\p-jy\pw, Htc

Bf-Ø-hp-am-sW∂p sXfn-bn-°p-hm≥ (a-\- n-em-°p-hm≥), hnizm-khpw

bp‡nbpw thWw. "\nß-fpsS lrZ-b-ZrjvSn ]Im-in-∏n-®n´v' F∂v hn.

]utemkv ]m¿∞n-°p-∂-Xv, hnizmkw h¿≤n-°p-∂-Xn-s\-°p-dn-®m-Wv.

Fs^. 1:17 t\m°p-I (]p-Xnb X¿÷-abn¬ "A¥¿t\Xw Xpd-°p-∂-

Xn-\v').

sshcp-≤ym-[n-jvTnX bmYm¿∞yw bp‡n°v AXo-XamWv. bp‡n-

clnXa√. hnizmkØm¬ hnip≤oIcn°s∏´ bp‡nbm¬ AXp Kln-

°-s∏-tS-≠-XmWv. `uXnIhmZØn¬ `uXnIw AYhm ]t©-µn-

b߃°p hnjbo`qXamb ]Zm¿∞w amXamWv bmYm¿∞y-sa∂p ]d-

bp-∂p. ssZhw ]Zm¿∞-Øn\v AXo-X-\m-Wv. ssZhsØ ]t©-µn-bw-

sIm≠p Kln-°pI km≤y-a-√. ssZh-Øns‚ ]h¿Ø-\sØ ]]©-

Øn¬°qSn Z¿in-°p-I-bmWp th≠-Xv. A\m-Zy-¥\pw At⁄-b-\pw,

koam-XoX-\p-amb ssZh-sØ-°p-dn®p ssZhw Xs∂ shfn-s∏-Sp-Øn Xtc-

12 hnizm-k-Zo]vXn

≠n-bn-cn-°p∂p. hnizm-k-Øn¬°qSn \mw Xs‚ shfn-]m-Sp-Isf kzoIcn-

°pIbpw, hniz-kn-°pIbpw sNtø-≠nbncn°p∂p. ssZhw Ds≠∂

hnizmkw k¿Km-fl-Ihpw C√m-sb∂ hnizm-kw- \ntj-[m-fl-I-hp-a-tX.

hnizmkw bp‡n°v AXo-X-am-sW-¶nepw bp‡n°v FXn-c-s√∂p

I≠ph-t√m. icn-bmb hnizm-kkXy-߃ ssZhnI bp‡n sIm≠p sXfn-

bn-°phm≥ km[n-°pw.

3. A]q¿Æ-Xbpw ]q¿W-Xbpw

ssZhsØ a\p-jy\v Hcn-°epw ]q¿W-ambn Adn-bm≥ km≤yas√∂p

Nne ssZh-im-kvX-⁄-∑m¿ ]Tn-∏n-°p-∂p. F∂m¬ ssZhw Xs∂

]q¿W-ambn shfn-s∏-SpØn-bn-cn-°p-∂Xn-\m¬, ssZhsØ ]q¿W-ambn

Adn-bp∂Xn\p≈ km≤y-Xbp-s≠∂p a‰p Nne ssZh-im-kvX-⁄-∑m¿

]Tn-∏n-°p-∂p. Cu c≠p Nn¥m-KXnIfpw Dƒs°m-≈p-∂-XmWp apºv

D≤-cn® tbml. 1:18. tbipInkvXp-hn¬ ssZhw \ΩpsS Xe-Øn-te°v

Cd-ßn-h-∂-Xn\m¬, ssZhsØ-°p-dn®v B[n-Im-cn-I-amb Adnhp \ap°p

X∂n-cn-°p-∂p. F∂m¬ \ΩpsS Ignhp ]cnan-XamIbm¬, ]q¿W-

⁄m\Øn-te°v C\nbpw \mw hf-tc-≠n-bn-cn-°p∂p. AXn\p ]cn-ip-

≤mfl hnizm-k-ap≈ ssZh-h-N-\-hpw, B ssZh-h-N\w \sΩ Kln-∏n®p

]q¿W-X-bn-te°p \bn-°p-∂ ]cn-ip-≤m-flmhpw \sΩ klmbn°p∂p.

]cnip≤mflmhp kIe kXy-Ønepw hgn -\-S-Øp-∂-h-\m-Wv.

tNmZy-߃

1. InkvXob hnizmk ÿm]\-hm-Z-Øns‚ hym]vXn hni-Z-am°pI?

2. hnizm-khpw bp‡nbpw Fßs\ s]mcp-Ø-s∏-SpØmw?

3. shfn]mSns‚ ]q¿WXbpw [mcWbpsS A]-q¿WXbpw XΩn¬

Fßs\ _‘-s∏- n-cn-°p∂p?

13hnizm-k-Zo]vXn

]mTw 2

hnizmk kwc£WhmZØns‚

Bhiyhpw ]m[m\yhpw

]e-hn-[ -sX-‰p-Iƒ k`-bn¬ IS-∂p Iq-Sp∂p \qX\ kao-]\w

hnizm-k kwc£W hmZØn\v Bh-iyw Dd® hnizm-khpw hnime

ho£Whpw hnizmk ÿm]\Øn\v Bh-iy-w hnizmk- kw-c-£-W-

hm-Z-Øn¬ k`m sFIy-Øn-\p≈ ]m[m\yw InkvXob hnizm-k-

Øns‚ hnizm-kyX

1. ]e-hn[ sX‰p-Iƒ k`-bn¬ IS-∂p-Iq-Sp-∂p

A`‡ntbmsSm∏w hnizm-k- ssh-]coXyhpw D≠mIp-∂p. A -‡nsb

XpS¿∂p kXy-hn-izm-k-Øn¬ \n∂p sX‰n-t∏m-b-Xn\v DZm-l-c-W-amWv

At∏m-kvtXm-enI ImesØ lqa-\-tbm-kpw, ntetØmkpw. Ah¿

kXyw hn´p-sX-‰n, ]p\-cp-∞m\w Ign™p F∂p ]d™p Nne-cpsS

hnizmkw adn-®p-I-f-bp-∂p (2 Xntam. 2:2, 16˛18). ]tXm-kv «olm I≈-

]hm-N-I-∑m-sc-°p-dn®pw, \mi-I-c-amb aX-t -Z-߃ \pg-bn-®p, Xßsf

hne-bv°p- hm-ßnb \mYs\ X≈n-∏-d™p X߃°p- Xs∂ ioL-

\miw hcp-Øp∂-hsc-°p-dn®pw ]d™n-cn-°p-∂-Xv, "Ah-cpsS \ymb-hn[n

Xma-kn-bmsX hcp∂p' F∂m-Wv (2 ]tXm. 2:1˛10). H∂mw \q‰m-≠n¬

Xs∂ ⁄m\-hm-Zw (gnosticism), a\p-jym-hXmcw Hcp tXm∂¬ amX-

amsW∂ -hmZw (doceticism) apX-embh k`-bn¬ D≠mbn F∂p

ImWmw. Zhym-K-l-amWp kXy-hn-izm-kw- hn´Iep-hm≥ ]escbpw t]cn-

∏n-°p-∂Xv (1 Xnsam. 6:10, 2 ]tXm. 2:3). C∂pw Zhym-Klw ]e-scbpw

kXy-hn-izm-k-Øn¬ \n∂p sX‰n-°p-∂p. Ata-cn-°≥ tUmf-dn\p

th≠nbpw, tPmen km-[y-X-Iƒ°p th≠nbpw, amXr-k-`sb hn´p-

t]mIphm≥ Nne¿ ]co-£nXcm-Ip-∂p. "Zhym-K-lØm¬ Iui-ehm°p

]d™p \nßsf hmWn`-am°pw' F∂ ]kvXm-h\ C∂pw A\z¿∞-

amWv.

2. \qX\ kao-]\w hnizmk -kw-c-£-W-hm-Z-Øn\v

Bh-iyw

Hmtcm Ime-Ønepw AXmXp Ime-Øn-\-\p-k-c-W-amb hnizm-k-kwc-

£WhmZ-amWp th≠nbncn°p∂-Xv. BZn-ak`bn¬ anin-lm-sb-°p-dn-

®p≈ ]hN\-߃ tbipInkvXp-hn¬ \nh¿Øn-bm-bn-cn-°p-s∂∂v

blqZ-∑msc-bpw, tbip-InkvXp km∑m¿Kn-I -A[x]X-\-Øn¬ \n∂p

14 hnizm-k-Zo]vXn

a\p-jysc Db¿Ønbncn°ps∂∂p bh\∑mscbpw, t_m≤y-s∏-Sp-

Øp∂ hmZ-ß-fmWv D≠m-bn-cp-∂-Xv. a≤y-\q-‰m-≠pI-fn¬, tXmakv

AIzn\mkns\t∏msebp≈h¿, InkvXp-aXw hn⁄m-\-Øns‚ ]ca-

ImjvS ÿm\ØmsW∂p sXfnbn°phm≥ DZyan®p. BbXn\v A∂p

]Nm-cØnencp∂ Acn-tÃm-´n-ens‚ XØz-⁄m-\sØ ASn-ÿm-\-

am°n, Hcp InkvXy≥ XØz-imkvXw Xs∂ \n¿Ωn®p. am¿´n≥ eqY¿

thZ-]p-kvX-IsØ ASn-ÿm\am°n \hoI-cWw Bcw- n-®-t∏mƒ AXn-

s\-Xn-cmbn ]h¿Øn® tdma≥ ItØm-en°¿, thZ-]p-kvX-IsØØs∂

ASnÿm-\am°n XßfpsS hnizmkw icn-bm-sW∂p sXfn-bn-°m≥

ian®p. 19˛mw \q‰m-≠nse kzX-¥-Nn-¥m-hm-Z-Øn¬ (Liberalism)

A¥¿eo\amb A¿≤k-XysØ t\cn- psIm≠p Imƒ _m¿Øv, Fan¬

_qW¿ BZn-bm-b-h¿, Ah-cpsS thZ-imkvXw hnIkn∏n®p. Cu ASp-

Ø-ImeØv, thZ-]p-kvXI\ncq-]Wßsf kzoI-cn®psIm≠p Xs∂,

dqtUmƒ v _pƒ´p-am≥ Xs‚ CXn-lmk ]p\¿hym-Jym-\-am¿K-Øn¬-

°qSn (demythologization) thZ-]p-kvXIw imkvXob hnZym¿∞n-Iƒ°v

Fßs\ kzoI-cn-°m-sa∂p ImWn-®p.

Ccp-]-sØm∂mw \q‰m-≠n-te°v h∂ncn°p∂ \ΩpsS hmZ-KXn-bpw,

_lpho£Wap-≈Xm-bn-cn-°-Ww. kº-∂-∑m-scbpw Zcn-Z-scbpw, F]-

Imcw InkvXpa-XØn\v, F√mw ]¶nSp∂ GI-Ip-Spw-_-am-°n-Øo¿°m-

sa∂ tNmZyw ]k-‡-am-Wv. kzmX-¥yhpw \oXnbpw Hcp-an®psIm≠p-

t]m-Ip-hm≥ InkvXp-a-X-Øn\p Ign-bptam F∂p Im∏n-‰-en-k-Øn\pw

Iayq-Wn-k-Øn\pw a\- n-em-°n-s°m-Sp-°-Ww. km∑m¿KnI A[x]X-

\-Ønepw aqey-tim-jW-Ønepw \ncm-ibnepw Ign-bp∂ B[p-\nI bph-

tem-I-Øn-\v, tbip-InkvXp ]Xym-ibpw cq]m-¥-chpw i‡nbpw \¬Ip-

sa∂p sXfn-bn-°-Ww. k`-Iƒ°v D≈nepw, k`-Iƒ XΩnepw, hg-°-

Sn®pw kzm¿∞-X-bnepw Ign-bp∂ timNym-hÿ amdn ]cn-ip-≤m-flm-

hn¬ Fßs\ GIhpw hnip-≤hpw ImtXm-en-Ihpw A∏-kvtXm-en-I-hp-

ambn Xocm-sa∂v sXfn-bn®p-sIm-Sp-t°-≠n-bn-cn-°p∂p. ]kw-Khpw ]hr-

Ønbpw XΩn¬ s]mcp-Ø-s∏-SmsX I]-S-X-bn¬ t]mIp∂ t\XrXzw

\oßn, DØa amXrI \¬Ip∂ hy‡n-Ifpw kaq-l-ßfpw Df-hm-°m≥

I¿Øm-hn\p km[n-°p-sa∂p, PohnXw sIm≠p sXfn-tb-≠n-bn-cn-°p∂p.

3. Dd® hnizmkhpw hnim-e- ho-£-Whpw

hnizm-k-ÿm-]-\-Øn\v Bh-iyw

bYm¿∞ InkvXob hnizmkw F°m-eØpw b-c-ln-Xhpw kvt\lm-

[n-jvTn-X-hp-am-bn-cn-°pw. "shfn-®-Øn\v Ccp-fns\ b-an-√. shfn®w Ccp-

15hnizm-k-Zo]vXn

fn¬ ]Im-in-°p-∂p. Ccptfm AXns\ ]nSn-®-S-°n-bn-√... GXp a\p-jy-

s\bpw ]Im-in-∏n-°p∂ kXy-sh-fn®w temI-Øn-te°p h∂p-sIm-≠n-

cp-∂p' (tbm-l. 1:5˛9). tIc-f-Ønse Nne hnSp-X¬ ]ÿm-\-°m¿°p

"hnizmk'aps≠∂p ]d-bp-∂p. F∂m¬ k¶p-Nn-XXzhpw hnime-ho-£-

Wan√mbvabpamWv Ah-cn¬ ImWp∂-Xv. hnSpX¬ In´nb-h¿ shfn-

®Øns‚ a°-fm-sW-∂pw, Ccp-fn¬ ]m¿°p-∂-h-tcmSp kwkm-cn°

t]mepw sNøcpsX∂pw ]dbp∂p. Ccp-fn¬ ]m¿°p∂hsc F¥n\v

Ah¿ b-s∏-Sp∂p? Ccp-fn¬ ]m¿°p-∂-hsc ]Im-i-Øn-te°p sIm≠p-

h-cp-∂-Xn\p Npa-X-ebnt√? \oXn-am-∑m-scb-√, ]m]n-Isf tXSn-h∂

I¿Øm-hv, Np¶-°m-cp-sSbpw ]m]n-Ifp-sSbpw kvt\ln-X-s\∂p hnfn-°-

s∏´h≥, ia-cy-m°m-cnsb Ccp- n¬ \n∂p shfn-®-Øn-te°p sIm≠p-h-

cp-hm≥ InW-‰n-∂-cnsIh®p sh≈w tNmZn-®-h≥, Ch¿°p amXr-I-b-

s√∂p tXm∂p-∂p. kzb\o-XoIcW-tØmSp IqSnb kao-]-\w, Bscbpw

InkvXp-hn-¶-te°v BI¿jn-°-pIbn-√.

]c-kv]cw Bi-b-hn-\nabw sNøp∂ kao-]\w (dialogue approach)ap≥Im-e-ß-fn¬ sNbvXp-h∂ ]tLm-jW kao]-\tØ°mƒ ]tbm-

P\w sNøp-∂-Xm-Wv. Dd® hnizm-khpw hnim-e-ho-£-Whpw D≈-h¿t°

CXp- km[n°q. hnizm-k-]-c-amb ]Xn-]m-Z\w kXysØ shfn-s∏-Sp-Øp-

hm≥ klm-bn-°pw. apºpw Ct∏mgpw kzbw hy‡am°n-Ø-cp∂

ssZhØns‚ hN-\-am-Wv, tbip-In-kvXp-hn¬ \n¿Wm-b-I-ambn hym]-

cn-°p-∂-Xv. kI-ehpw tim[-\ -sNbvXp \√Xp apdpsI ]nSn-°pI (1

sX . 5:21) F∂ ]amWw Gh¿°pw kzoIm-cy-amWv.

4. hnizm-k -kw-c-£-W-hmZ-Øn¬ k`m-sF-IyØn\p≈

]m[m\yw

hnizm-k-]-am-W-Øn¬ sFIy-X-bp-≠m-tI-≠Xv C∂ns‚ Bh-iy-

amWv. F√m k -Iƒ°pw Hcp-an®v D]-tbm-Kn-°m-hp∂ hn-izm-k-]-amWw

GXv F∂mWv At\z-jn-t°-≠-Xv. thZ-]p-kvX-Ihpw, ]mc-º-cyhpw, k`m-

N-cn-Xhpw kΩ-Xn-°p∂ hnizm-k-]-amWw thWw. 1982 P\p-h-cn-bn¬

s]dp-hns‚ Xe-ÿm-\-amb eoam-bn¬ \S∂ FIyp-sa-\n°¬ Ip¿_m-

\-bn¬, "]pX-\n¬ \n∂pw' (filioque) F∂p≈ mKw hn´pI-f™ hnizm-

k-]-am-W-amWp sNm√n-b-Xv. CXv Hcp ][m\ Im¬sh-bv]mWv tdma≥

ItØm-en-°-mk- bpw s]m -Â v k -Ifpw D]-tbm-Kn®psIm≠n-cn-°p∂

"]pX-\n¬ \n∂pw' F∂ mK-amWp hn´p-I-f™Xv. AXmbXp ss_k‚-

bn≥ Hm¿Ø-tUmIvkv k -I-fpw, Hmdn-b‚¬ Hm¿Ø-tUmIvkv k -Ifpw

D]-tbm-Kn-°p∂ hnizm-k-]-am-W-amWp sNm√n-b-Xv. ]cn-ip≤mflmhv

16 hnizm-k-Zo]vXn

]nXm-hn¬ \n∂p (amXw) ]pd-s∏-Sp∂p F∂ ]pcm-X\ hnizm-kmw-i-

tØm-Sv, ]pX-\n¬ \n∂p IqSn ]pds∏-Sp-∂p F∂Xv Iq´n-t®¿Ø tdma≥

ItØmen°m Nn¥mK-Xn-bmWv hnizm-k-]-am-W-Ønse nen-sbms°

`mKw.

5. InkvXob hnizm-k-Øns‚ hnizm-kyX (Credibility)

InkvXob hnizm-k-Øns‚ hnizm-kyX thZ-]p-kvX-I-Ønepw k`-

bpsS ]mcº-cyØnepw InkvXob A\p`hØns‚ DcI√nepw, Ncn-

XØnse k -bpsS \ne-\n-ev]nepw hf¿®-bn-epw, InkvXob ]mc-º-cy-

Øns‚ XpS¿®bnepw Z¿in°mw. kl-tZ∑m¿ hf-scb[nIw ]oU-Iƒ

A\p-`hn®n´pw, hnizm-k-hn-]coX߃ D≠m-bn´pw, NI-h¿Øn-am¿

FXn¿Øn´pw, bp‡n-hm-Zn-Iƒ AI-an-®n- pw, \nco-iz-c-∑m¿ hna¿in®n´pw,

\mat[b-InkvXym\nIƒ AI-Øp-\n∂p _e-lo-\-am-°nbn- pw, i‡n

]m]n-®p-sIm-≠n-cn-°p∂ InkvXob hnizm-kw, Ahn-iz-k-\o-b-am-bn-cn-

∏m≥ km≤y-a-√-t√m. AXns‚ \ne-\n¬∏p Xs∂ AXns‚ A¥¿_ew

hnfn-®-dn-bn°p-∂p.

Nne InkvXob hn`m-K-߃°p hnizmkØns‚ GI]amWw thZ-

]p-kvXIam-Wv. thZ]pkvXIØn¬ F¥p ]d-™mepw AsX√mw A‘-

ambn hniz-kn-°-W-sa∂v C°q- ¿ ]d-bpw. B[p-\nI thZ-]p-kvX-I-]-T-

\hpw \ncq-]-Whpw ]Tn®h¿ thZ-]p-kvXI-Ønse sshcp-≤y-ß-sf-°p-

dn®p XnI®pw t_m[-hm∑mcm-Wv. Ah¿ thZ-]p-kvXIw amX-amWp

hnizm-k-Øns‚ B[m-c-sa∂p ]d-bp-I-bn-√. a¿t°m. 2:26 Dw 1 i-ap. 21:1

Dw t\m°p-I. DXv]. 1:27 Dw DXv]. 2:7, 19, 22 Dw t\m°pI. sshcp-≤y-ß-

fpsS Nne DZm-l-c-W-ß-fm-W-h.

F∂m¬ thZ-]p-kvXIw ths≠-∂pw, ]mcºcyhpw k`bpw aXn-

sb∂pw ]d-bp∂Xpw icnb√. thZ]p-kvXIw k`-bpsS BZy-km-£y-

sa∂ \nebn¬ tIµ]m[m\ya¿ln°p-∂p. k`bpsS ]mcº-cy-Øns‚

Hcp `mK-amWp thZ-]p-kvX-Iw. AXp ssZh-\nizmknXhpw (2 -Xn-tam.

3:16, 2 ]tXm. 1:20) AXp ]Tn-∏n-t°-≠Xp k`-bp-am-Wv.

k`bpsS ]mc-º-cyhpw hnizmkØns‚ hnizmkyXbv°v Bh-

iyamWv. \n߃ Dd-®p-\n∂p R߃ hm°n-\mtem teJ-\-Ømtem

D]-tZ-in-®p-X∂ ]mcºcy߃ apdpsI]nSn®p- sIm-t≈Ww (2- sXk.

2:15) F∂p hn. ]utemkv ]d-bp-∂p.

A‘-hn-izm-kn-Iƒ k`-bn¬ ImWp-sa-¶n-epw, k`-bpsS hnizmkw

A‘a√. A‘-hn-izm-ksØ kXy-hn-izm-k-am-°m≥ ian-®m¬, ssZh-

17hnizm-k-Zo]vXn

imkvXw ]cm-Pbs∏-Spw. hnizmkw kw_-‘n®v tNmZy߃°p hnhn[

Ime-ß-fn¬ hnizm-k-ÿm-]-\-hmZ߃ hgn adp-]Sn \¬In-bn-cp-∂p.

Aßs\ ssZh-imkvXw hf-cp-∂p. Adn-tbm-kns‚ thZ-hn-]-co-XsØ

hn. AØm-\m-tkymkpw I∏-tZm-Iy≥ ]nXm-°-∑mcpw Ah-cpsS hmZ-ß-

fn-eqsS ]cm-P-b-s∏-Sp-Øn.

Cu \q‰m-≠nepw InkvXob ssZh-im-kvX-Øn\p XØz-Nn-¥-I-∑m-

cpsS CS-bn¬ ÿm\hpw tijvT-Xbpw D≠m-°n-s°m-Sp-°p-∂-Xn\p

t]mƒ Sn√n-°ns‚ Bi-b-߃°p km[n-®n-´p-≠v. hnizm-khpw

imkvXhpw F∂ ]T\w AJn-e-temI k`m Iu¨kn¬ XpS¿∂p-

sIm≠n-cn-°p-∂p. X∂n-anØw uXn-I-imkvXw (Secular science) ssZh-

im-kvXØns‚ Bh-iy-IX a\- n-em-°m≥ XpS-ßn-bn-´p≠v. Poh-hn-

⁄m-\obw (Biology) ssZh-hn-⁄m-\o-b-Øn-\mbn (theology) Zmln-

°mXn-cp∂m¬ a\p-jyhn-⁄m-\obw (Anthropology) Xs∂ A]q¿-

Whpw A]-I-S-]q¿Whp-am-Ip-∂Xm-Wv. a\p-jys‚ kºq¿W- h-f¿®bv°v

Ch-sb√mw Bh-iy-am-Wv. a\p-jys‚ BXy-¥n-I-amb tNmZy-߃°v

DØcw Xcp-hm≥, hnizm-k-ÿm-]-\-hm-Z-]-c-amb ssZh-imkvXw

Bhiyam-Wv. djy-bnepw ssN\bnepw thZ]p-kvXIw ho≠pw ]Nmcw

]m]n-°p-∂p. k`sb ]cm-P-b-s∏-Sp-Øn-bh¿ ]cm-P-b-s∏-Sp-Ibpw k`

hf-cp-Ibpw sNøp-∂p.

tNmZy-߃

1. hnizmkhn-]-co-Xn-Iƒ Fßs\ InkvXob hnizm-ksØ £oWn-

∏n-°p-Ibpw ]tcm-£-am-bn F-¶nepw _e-s∏-Sp-Øp-Ibpw sNøp∂p?

2. lkzho£WtØmSp IqSnb hnizmkkwc£WhmZØns‚

e£W߃ ]d-bp-I.

3. B[p-\n-Ibp-K-Øn¬ hnizm-k-Øns‚ hnizm-kyX Fßs\ sXfn-

bn°mw? djy-bn¬ \nco-iz-cXzw F¥p-sIm≠p hnizm-k-Øn\p

hgn-am-dns°m-Sp°p∂p.

18 hnizm-k-Zo]vXn

]mTw 3

thZ]pkvXIm[njvTnXamb

hnizmk kwc£W hmZ߃

hn. thZ-]p-kvX-I-Øns‚ AXpey alna thZ-]p-kvX-Im-[n-jvTn-X-

amb hnizmk kwc-£-W-hmZw

1. hn. thZ-]p-kvX-I-Øns‚ AXp-ey-a-lna

CX-b-[nIw mj-I-fn¬ X¿÷a sNøs∏´n´p≈ as‰mcp KŸw C√.

1100 mj-I-fn-te°v CXv X¿÷a sNbvXn-cn-°p-∂p. \q‰m-≠p-I-fmbn ]Xn-

h¿jw G‰hpw IqSp-X¬ hn¬°-s∏-Sp∂ ]pkvXI-am-Wn-Xv. at‰Xp aX-

K-Ÿ-tØ-°mfpw \ncq-]W hnjbam°-s∏-´n´pw CXns‚ kzoIm-cyX

IqSn-s°m-≠n-cn-°p-∂p. ]e InkvtX-Xcpw Ah-cpsS kz¥- a-X-K-Ÿ-

ßtf°mƒ IqSp-X¬ CXp ]Tn-°p-I-bpw, CXns\ BZ-cn-°p-Ibpw

sNøp∂p. temI-Ønse ]e `mj-Iƒ°pw en]n-Iƒ D≠m-°s∏-´Xp

thZ]pkvXI X¿Pabv°p th≠nbm-Wv. DZm. A¿Ωo\n-b≥ mj. ]e

`mj-I-fnepw A®Sn°-s∏´ BZy KŸw thZ-]p-kvX-Itam AXnse mK-

ßtfm BWv.

CXp At\Iw h¿j-߃ sIm≠p cNn-°-s∏-´-Xm-Wv. item-tam≥,

]utemkv apXemb hn⁄m-\n-Ifpw hn. ]tXmkv apX-em-b \nc-£cIp-

£n-Ifpw ]e kµ¿`ß-fn-embn ]c-kv]c[mcW H∂pw- Iq-SmsX Fgp-

Xn-b-XmWv hn. thZ-]p-kvX-Iw. F¶nepw tbip-aninlm F∂ GI-\m-

Y\pw ssZh-sh-fn-]m-Sp-sa∂ hnj-b-amWv CXn¬ ]Xn-]m-Zn-°-s∏-´n-´p-

≈-Xv. AXv Hc-¤p-X-at√? CXns‚ ImcWw Fgp-Øp-Im-sc-sb√mw \bn-

®Xv ]cn-ip-≤m-flmhv BsW-∂p-≈-Xm-Wv.

D]-tZ-iØn-\pw, imk-\-Øn-\pw, -KpWoIc-W-Øn\pw \oXn-bpsS

A`y-k-\-Øn\pw ]tbm-P-\-ap≈ (2 -Xn-tam. 3:17) Cu KŸsØ-°p-dn®v

Fgp-Xn-bn-´p-≈-Xp-t]mse, as‰mcp ]pkvX-IsØ°pdn®pw CX-tbsd

KŸ-߃ Fgp-X-s∏- n- n-√. \qdp -h¿j-߃°p tijw Bcpw hn. thZ-

]p-kvXIw hmbn-°p-I-bn-s√∂p \ncq-]WZrjvSym Fgp-Xnb ^©v ntem-

-k- ¿ thmƒ -b¿ (1694- 1778) FhnsS Ccp∂v AsX-gpXn-tbm, B sI´nSw

C∂v ss__nƒ skmssk-‰n-bpsS Hcp Bÿm\ tIµ-amWv. Cw•ojv

`mjm kmlnXyw ]Tn-°p-hm≥ t]mepw Cw•ojv ss__nƒ ]Tn-°-

Wsa∂ Imcyw, At\-Iw- t]¿ C∂pw kΩ-Xn-°p∂p.

hnizm-kn-I-fpsS A\p- hw t\m°n-bm¬ thZ-]p-kvXI-Ønse ssZh-

19hnizm-k-Zo]vXn

h-N\w Bizm-k-Zm-Xm-hm-bpw, Poh-k-Jn-bmbpw _men-Im-_me∑m¿°p

_e-am-bpw, bph-Xo-bp-hm°-∑m¿°v Dt∑-j-am-bpw, ]mb-am-b-h¿°p

]Xym-i-bm-bpw, A‘-∑m¿°p ]Im-i-ambpw, ]mŸ-∑m¿°p am¿K-Z-¿in-

bmbpw, ]m]n-Iƒ°v A\p-Xm-]-P-\y-am-bpw, BflnI-ambn hni-°p-∂-

h¿°p £-W-am-bpw, am\-h-cm-in°p apgp-h\pw ssZhnI shfn-]m-Smbpw

A\p- -h-s∏´psIm≠n-cn-°p∂p (k¶o. 119, bnsc 32:31, 2 ]tXm. 1:19- 21,

F_m. 5:12˛14, 4:22. tbml. 1:1).

thZ-]p-kvX-I-Øns‚ hnizm-ky-X-sb-°p-dn®v Nn¥n-°p-tºmƒ, ]g-

b\nba-Ønse ]hN\߃ ]pXn-b\nbaØn¬ \nhrØnbm-bn-cn-°p-

∂Xv Bscbpw A¤p-Xs∏-Sp-Øpw. Npcp°w Nne DZm-l-c-W-߃ Xmsg

tN¿°p-∂p.

tbip-an-inlmbpsS P\\w sbi. 7:14, aØm 1:22

'' P\\ÿew aoJ. 5:2, aØm. 2:6

'' hn‰hne kJ. 11:13, aØm. 26:15

'' IjvSm-\p- hw sbi. 53, tbml 12:38

1 ]sXm. 2:22

eqt°m. 22:37

'' Ipcn-inse \ne-hnfn k¶o. 22:1, aØm-bn. 27:46

'' A¶n°p No´n- Xv k¶o. 22:18, aØm-bn 27:35

'' acWw sbi. 53:12, 1 sImcn. 15:3

'' Dbn¿∏v k¶o. 16:10, 1 sImcn. 15:4

I¿Øm-hns‚ CutemI PohnXm-¥y-Øn¬ \S∂ ImcyßfpsS

F√m hnh-c-W-ßfpw ]g-b-\n-b-a-Øn¬ kqN-\tbm ]h-N-\tam D≠v.

temI-Øn¬ Pohn® a‰m-sc-°p-dn®pw Cßs\ ]h-Nn-®-Xm-tbm, \nhr-

Øn-bm-b-Xmtbm as‰mcp aX-K-Ÿ-Ønepw ImWp-∂n-√.

Cu \q‰m-≠n¬ \S∂ ]pcm-hkvXp Kth-j-W-߃ (archaeologicaldiscoveries) thZ-]p-kvX-I-Øns‚ hnizm-ky-Xsb A¤p-X-I-c-amb \ne-

bn¬ sXfn-bn-®n-´p-≠v. 1947˛¬ Nmhp-I-S¬ XocØv Ipavdm-\n¬ I≠p-

]nSn® sbiøm ]hm-N-Is‚ ]pkvX-I-Np-cp-fp-Iƒ, A∂p-hsc e`y-am-

bn-cp∂ ]XnItf°mƒ 1000 sIm√w ]g-°-ap≈Xmbn-cp-∂p. F∂n´pw

Ipavdm-\n¬ I≠p-]n-Sn® NpcpfpIfpw a‰-hbpw XΩn¬ Imcy-amb hyXym-

k-hp-an-s√∂p I≠p-]n-Sn-®n-cn°p-∂p. kp]-kn≤ blqZ ]pcm-h-kvXp-

Kth-j-I-\mb Nelson Glueck Cßs\ Fgp-Xn-bn-cn°p-∂p: ""]pcm-hkvXp

20 hnizm-k-Zo]vXn

Kth-jW I≠p-]n-SpØw thZ-]p-kvX-I-Ønse Hcp `mKhpw sX‰m-

sW∂p sXfn-bn-®n´n√ (Glueck Nelson, Reverse in the Desert, p. 31quoted by Title Paul E. Know why you believe, Victor Books, 1980, p.79, S. P. Publications, Wheaten).

2. thZ-]p-kvX-Im-[n-jvTn-X-amb hnizm-k kwc-£-W-hmZw

hn. aØm-bnbpw F_m-b -te-J\I¿Ømhpw, blq-Z- In-kvXym-\n-

Iƒ°mbn Fgp-Xn-b-Xp-sIm-≠v, ]g-b-\n-b-a-Ønse ]eXpw D≤-cn-°p-

∂p≠v. F∂m¬ ]pd-Pm-Xn-Iƒ°mbn hn. ]utemkv Fgp-Xnb teJ-\-

ß-fn¬, ]g-b-\n-ba D≤-c-Wn-Iƒ Xmc-X-tay\ Ipd-hm-Wv. B[p-\nI a\p-

jysc BZyw thZ-]p-kvXIØns‚ B[n-Im-cn-I-X-bnte°p sIm≠p-

h∂n v, hnizmkÿm]\hmZw \SØpI ]bmkamWv. F∂mepw thZ-

]p-kvX-IsØ Ah-K-Wn®p ssZh-im-kvX- ]-T\w \-S-ØpI km≤y-a-√.

thZ-]p-kvXIØns‚ B[n-Im-cn-I-X-bpsS ]nºn¬ aq∂p Imcy-߃

ImWmw.

1. ]cn-ip-≤mfl \nizmkyw (2 ]tXm. 1:21). Fgp-Øp-Im¿ ssZh-Øns‚

hnip≤ a\p-jy¿ Bbn-cp-∂p. ta¬]-d™ hmIy-Øns‚ Nne ssIsb-

gp-Øp-]-XnIfn¬ "ssZh-Øns‚ hnip≤ a\p-jy¿ ssZhm-flm-hn-\m¬

t]cn-X-cm-bn´v' F∂p ImWp-∂p.

2. hmb-\-°mcpw A¥¿t\Xw Xpd-∂-h-cm-bn-cn-°-Ww. "]mIrX a\p-

jy¿ ssZhm-flm-hns‚ D]-tZiw ssIs°m-≈p∂n√. AXv Ah\p

tZmjXzamIp∂p. Bflobambn hnthNnt°≠XmIbm¬ AXv Ah\v

Kln-∏m≥ Ign-bp-∂-Xp-an-√' (1 sImcn. 2:14).

thZ]pkvXIØnse \nXykXy߃°√msX t]cpIƒt°m

tIhew Ncn-X -]-cm-a¿i-߃t°m AanX ]m[m\yw \¬tI-≠-Xn√.

DZm. aØm. 27:9, 10 hmIy-߃ kJ-dnb 11:12, 13 ¬ \n∂v D≤-cn-®n-cn-

°p∂p. bnsc-aym-hn¬ \n∂v D≤-cn-°p∂p F∂v hn. aØmbn Fgp-Xn-bn-

cn-°p-∂Xv t]cv amdn-t∏m-b-Xm-Imw. ]cn-ip-≤m-flm-hmWv a\p-jy-sc-

s°m≠p thZ-]p-kvX-I-Ønse ]pkvX-I-߃ Fgp-Xn-®Xv F∂p hcn-

Inepw B a\p-jy¿ ]cn-an-Xn-bp-≈-h-cm-sW-∂pw, X∑qew Ah¿°p Nne

sX‰p-Iƒ h∂p-Iq-Sm-sa∂pw \mw a\- n-em-°-Ww. F∂m¬ ]d-™n-cn-

°p-∂-Xn¬ AS-ßnbn-cn-°p∂ kXy-Øn\p am‰w hcp-∂n-√. thZ-]p-kvX-

I-Øns‚ B£-cob ssZh-\n-izm-ky-X-bn¬ (literal inspiration) \mw

hniz-kn-°p-∂n-√. B£-cob ssZh-\n-izm-ky-X-bn¬ hniz-kn-°p-∂-h¿°v

Cu `mKw Iodm-ap-´n-bm-Ipw. "A£cw sIm√p-∂p. Bflmthm Pohn-∏n-

°p-∂p' (2 sImcn. 3:6). Htc thZ- mKw ]ehn[-Øn¬ hymJym-\n-s®-∂p

21hnizm-k-Zo]vXn

-h-cmw. CXp hn. ]tXm-kns‚ ImeØpw D≠m-bn-cp-∂p. hn. ]utem-

kns‚ teJ-\-ßsf "Adn-hn-√m-Ø-hcpw Aÿn-c-cp-am-b-h¿, tijw Xncp-

sh-gp-Øp-I-sf-t∏mse Xß-fpsS \mi-Øn-\mbn tIm´n-°-f-bp∂p' (2

]tXm. 3:15˛17) F∂p hn. ]tXmkv ]d-bp-∂p. DZm. ssZh-Øns‚ ]nXr-

Xzhpw a\p-jy-Pm-Xn-bpsS kmtlm-Z-cyhpw thZ-]p-kvXIw ]Tn-∏n-°p∂p

F∂p Nnecpw, Aßs\ ]Tn-∏n-°p-∂n-s√∂p a‰p Nnecpw hmZn-°p-∂p.

]m]-Øm¬ a\p-jy-Pm-Xn°p ]pXXzw \jvS-s∏-´pthm? "Fs‚ aI≥

acn-®-h-\m-bn-cp-∂p. ho≠pw Pohn®p' F∂mWv apSn-b≥]pXs‚ ]nXmhp

]d-™Xv (eq-t°m. 15:24). a\p-jys‚ ]m]w \nanØw ssZh-Øn\v Ah-

t\m-Sp≈ kvt\lw Ipd-bp-∂n√. "ZpjvS-∑m¿°pw \√-h¿°pw Xm≥ ag

s]øn-°pIbpw shbn¬ DZn-∏n-°pIbpw sNøp∂p' (a-Øm. 5:45). ssZhw

\nXy-]p-X-\mb tbip-In-kvXp-hns‚ \nXy-]n-Xm-hm-Wv. F¶nepw krjvSn-

°-s∏´ k-I-e-cp-sSbpw ]nXmhpw BIp-∂p. thZ-]p-kvXIw A£-c]-

Imcw apgp-h\pw hniz-kn-°p-∂-h¿ Nne sX‰mb \nK-a-\-ß-fn¬ FØn-

t®-cm-dp-≠v.

k`m-]m-c-º-cy-sØbpw thZ-]p-kvX-I-sØbpw apdp-sI-]n-Sn-°p-Ibpw

thZ-]p-kvX-IsØ k`m-]m-c-º-cy-Øns‚ Hcp `mK-ambn ImWp-Ibpw

sNøp-tºmƒ thZ-]p-kvXI ASn-ÿm-\-Øn¬ hnizmkÿm]-\-hmZw

\S-Øm≥ km[n-°pw. Aßs\ k`m-]n-Xm-°-∑m¿ XnXz-hn-izm-k-sa∂

k`m-]mc-º-cysØ, thZ-]p-kvX-Im-[n-jvTn-X-am°n sXfn-bn-®p.

ssZhnI shfn-]mSp ]m]n-°pI \ΩpsS e£y-hpw, a\p-jym-h-Xm-c-

Øns‚ D]m-[nbpw hn. thZ-]p-kvXIw AXns‚ km£n-bp-am-Ip-∂p. Cu

km£yw ]g-b-\n-baØn¬ m-Kn-Iambpw ]pXn-b-\n-baØn¬ ]q¿Wambpw

\¬I-s∏- n-cn-°p∂p (F-_m. 1:1˛3). ]g-b-\n-b-a-Ønse Ia-]-hr≤-amb

]Xo£ ]pXn-b-\n-b-a-Øn¬ tbip-In-kvXp-hnepw ]cn-ip-≤m-flm-hn-ep-

amWp km£m¬°-cn-°-s∏- n-cn-°p∂Xv. InkvXp-a-Xw blq-Z- a-XØns‚

XpS¿® am-X-a-√, ]q¿Øo-I-c-W-hp-am-Ip-∂p. Ncn-X-]-c-ambn ]pXnb-\nbaw

]g-b\nb-aØns‚ ]tXyI ]q¿Øo-I-c-Wam-Wv. AtX ka-bØp XmXzn-

I-ambn ]pXn-b-\n-b-aw, am\-h-cm-in-bpsS apgp-h≥ ]Xo-£bv°p ssZhw

tbip-In-kvXp-hn¬°qSn \¬Ip∂ adp]-Sn-bpam-Wv. tbip-InkvXp k -

bpsS Xebmbncn°pwt]mse temI-c-£n-Xm-hp-amWv (sIm-se. 1:15˛20,

tbml. 14:6; 3:16).

tNmZy-߃

1. thZ]p-kvX-I-Øns‚ AXp-eyX a‰p aX-K-Ÿ-ß-fp-tS-Xp-ambn Xmc-

X-ay-s∏-Sp-Øp-I.

22 hnizm-k-Zo]vXn

2. thZ-]p-kvX-Im-[n-jvTn-X-amb hnizm-k-ÿm-]-\-hm-Z-Øns‚ ]tXy-

I-X-Iƒ Gh?

3. tbip-In-kvXp-hm-Ip∂ \nXy-h-N-\-Øns‚ BtKm-f- ]m-[m\yw thZ-

]p-kvX-Im-Snÿm-\-Øn¬ sXfn-bn°p-I.

]mTw 4

At∏m-kvtXm-enI ]nXm°∑mcpsS

hnizm-k kwc£W hmZ߃

Bsc-√m-amWv At∏m-kvtXm-enI ]nXm-°-∑m¿? Bsc-√m-amWv

hnizmkÿm]-\-hm-Z-°m¿ (A-t∏m-sfm-Pn-Ãp-Iƒ) \ncq-]Ww

1. Bsc-√m-amWv At∏m-kvtXm-enI ]nXm-°-∑m¿?

At∏mkvtXme-∑m-cpsS Ime-Øn-\-SpØp Pohn®v k`sb \bn®

]nXm-°-∑m-cmWv "At∏m-kvtXm-enI ]nXm-°-∑m¿.' Ch-cn¬ Nne-sc-

¶nepw At∏m-kvtXm-e-∑m-cpsS injy-∑m-cm-bn-cp∂p F∂p Icp-Xm-hp-

∂-XmWv. Nnesc kw_-‘n®v A[nI hnh-c-߃ Adn-hn√m F¶nepw

Ah-cpsS IrXn-Iƒ ][m-\-am-b-h-bm-I-bm¬ Ahbpw "At∏m-kvtXm-

enI ]nXm-°-∑m¿' F∂ t]cn¬ Adn-b-s∏-Sp-∂p-≠v.

1. tdmanse am¿ ¢oaokv

tdmam-bnse aq∂m-asØ F∏n-kvtIm∏m F∂p Icp-Xs∏Sp-∂p. sImcn-

¥nse k`-bpsS `n∂-X-Iƒ Xo¿°p-hm≥ At±lw sImcn-¥y¿s°-gp-

Xnb teJ\w hfsc ]i-kvX-am-Wv. Cu teJ\w \memw \q‰m-≠p- h-sc-

sb-¶nepw ]≈n-I-fn¬ Bcm-[-\m-at≤y hmbn-°p-am-bn-cp-∂p.

2. At¥ym-Jy-bnse am¿ C·m-Øn-tbmkv (F. Un. 35- 107)

ssZh-hm-lnbpw Xobv°SpØ-h\pambn (\q-tdm-t\m) Adn-b-s∏-Sp∂

C·m-tXymkv sIm√-s∏-Sp-∂-Xn-\p- th≠n At¥ym-Jy-bn¬ \n∂p tdmam-

bn-te°p sIm≠p-t]mb kabw Fgp-Xnb Ggp teJ-\-߃ ssIkvX-

h-k`m ]mc-º-cy-Øn\v At±lw \¬Inb kw`m-h-\-I-fm-Wv. tbip-

InkvXp ]q¿Æ ssZhhpw ]q¿Æ a\p-jy-\p-amsW-∂pw, k -bpsS ]utcm-

23hnizm-k-Zo]vXn

lnXy tiWn-bn¬ F∏n-kvtIm-∏m, I»o-im, siΩm-»≥ F∂o aq∂p

ÿm\-߃ Ds≠∂pw BZyw hy‡-am°p-∂Xv am¿ C·mtXymkv

BWv.

3. sl¿Ωm-kns‚ "CSb≥'

tdmanse sl¿Ωmkv F∂ Bfn-\p-≠mb Z¿i-\-Øns‚ hnh-c-W-

amWv "CS-b≥' F∂ IrXn-bnep≈-Xv. ssIkvX-h km-lnXy imJbpsS

BZy- ew F∂dnbs∏Sp∂ Cu IrXnbn¬ k -sb-°p-dn®v [mcmfw cq]-

I-ßfpw ]Xo-Im-flI hoi-Zo-I-c-W-ßfpw \evIn-bn- p-≠v.

4. kvan¿Wm-bnse t]mfn-°m¿t∏mkv (F. Un. 69-˛115)

BZnak`bn¬ Xnfßn\n∂ c‡km-£nbpw "kar≤amb e߃'

]pd-s∏-Sp-hn® ]nXm-hp-amWv t]mfn-°m¿t∏mkv. ]pd-PmXn cmPm-∑m-cp-

sSbpw thZhn]coXßfpsSbpw apºn¬ I¿°i at\m`mhtØmsS

\n∂p-sIm≠v InkvXphns\ km£n® Cu ]nXmhv am¿°obs‚bpw

hme‚o\ns‚bpw thZhn]coXßsf FXn¿ØpsIm≠v c≠p teJ\-

߃ Fgp-Xn-bn´p-≠v.

5. lotdm-t∏m-eoknse ]m∏n-bkv (F. Un. 130)

Gjymssa\-dnse lotdm-t∏meoknse _nj∏mbncp∂ ]m∏nbkv

At∏m-kvtXm-e-∑m-cn¬ \n∂pw k`bv°p e`n® Aen-JnX ]mc-º-cy-

ßsf tiJcn®v mhnbv°p ]tbmP\s∏Sp∂ coXnbn¬ tImUoIcn®p.

CXmWv ]m∏nbkns‚ ][m\ kw`m-h-\. Dbn¿∏n\p tijw qanbn¬

InkvXp kl-km_vZ hmgvN \S-Øpsa∂ sX‰mb D]-tZ-ihpw Ct±lw

\¬Inbn´p-≠v.

6. _¿Æ-_m-kns‚ teJ\w

H∂mw \q‰m-≠ns‚ Ah-km\w Pohn-®n-cp∂ Hcp Ae-Ivkm-¥n-bm-

°m-c-\mbncn°Ww Cu teJ-\-Øns‚ KŸ-I¿Øm-hv. blqZ aX-

Ønse F√m ]Xo-£IfpsSbpw ]q¿ØoIcWhpw temI-Øn\p apgp-

h≥ Hcp ]pXp-Po-hs‚ hmKvZm\hpamWv InkvXp-sh∂v ÿm]n-°p∂

BZna thZimkvXIrXnbmWv Cu teJ-\w. blq-Zk`bnse arK-_-en-

I-sfsb√mw hna¿in°pIbpw \ymb-]amW KŸßƒ InkvXpaXØn\v

tNcp-∂-Xm-sW∂p ÿm]n-°p-Ibpw sNbvXp.

24 hnizm-k-Zo]vXn

7. UnUmt°

UnUmt° Fgp-Xn-bXv Bcm-sW∂p \n›-b-an-√. ]¥≠v At∏m-

kvtXm-e-∑m-cpsS ]Tn-∏n-°¬ F∂ coXn-bn-emWv CXv cNn-®n-cn-°p-∂Xv.

16 A≤ym-b-߃ D≠v. 1˛6 A≤ym-b-߃ Poh-s‚bpw ac-W-Øn-s‚bpw

c≠p hgn-Iƒ hnh-cn-°p-∂p. Kncn-]-`m-j-W-Øn¬ \n∂v D≤-cWn-Iƒ

[mcmf-ambn Cu mK-Øp-≠v.

7˛15 A≤ym-b-߃ amtamZokm, D]-hm-kw, ]m¿∞-\, hn. Ip¿∫m\

Ch-sb-°pdn®pw ]hm-NI∑m¿, F∏n-kvtIm-∏mam¿, siΩm-»-∑m¿ XpS-

ßn-b-h-tcmSv Fßs\ s]cp-am-d-W-sa-∂-Xn-t\-°p-dn®pw hnh-cn-°p-∂p.

I»o-i-∑m-sc-°p-dn®v ]cm-a¿i-an-√.

_p[≥, sh≈n Znh-k-ß-fnepw hn. Ip¿_m\ A\p-`-hn-°p-∂-Xn\v

apºp≈ HºXv aWn-°qdpw D]-hkn°Wsa∂ \njv°¿jbp≠v. amtam-

Zokm, sh≈-Øn¬ ap°ntbm aq∂p ]mhiyw Xfnt®m \S-Øm-sa∂p

hnh-cn-°p-∂p-≠v.

1. BcmWp hnizm-k-ÿm-]-\-hm-Z-°m¿?

(A-t∏mtfmPn-ÃpIƒ)

120-˛220 F. Un. bn¬ Pohn-®n-cp-∂-h-cpw, InkvtX-Xc XØz-Nn-¥-

I∑mcn¬ \n∂p k`-bn¬ tN¿∂-h-cpw InkvXob hnizm-k-kw-c-£-I-

cmbn ]h¿Øn-®-h-cp-amb Ko°p ]nXm-°-∑m-cmWv Ch¿. Ch-cpsS F√m

]Tn-∏n°-ep-Ifpw Hcp-t]mse k` AwKo-I-cn®p ImWp-∂n-√. GXm-bmepw

kXy-hn-izmk kwc-£W-Øn¬ AhcpsS hmZ-߃ i‡-ß-fm-Wv.

1. Utbm-t·-‰-kns‚ teJ-\-Øns‚ I¿Ømhv

c≠mw \q‰m-≠ntem aq∂mw \q‰m-≠ntem Pohn-®n-cp∂ Hcp hnizm-

kn-bm-bn-cn-°Ww KŸ-Im-c≥. ]pd-Pm-Xn-I-fpsS aXhpw blqZ aXhpw

F¥p-sIm≠p kzoIm-cy-a-s√∂p hy‡-am-°p-Ibpw InkvXym-\n-Iƒ

temI-Øns‚ Bflm-hmbn ]h¿Øn-°p∂p F∂p ÿm]n-°p-Ibpw

sNbvXp.

2. Acn-Ãn-Unkv

At±lw Hcp XØzNn¥I\mbncp∂p. ssZhØns‚ AkvXnXzhpw

\nXyXbpw sXfn-bn-°p-hm≥ ian-®p. Ko°p-Imcpw a‰p aXhn-izmkn-Ifpw

]Tn-∏n-°p-∂-Xn-t\-°mƒ D¬Ir-jvShpw ]q¿W-hp-amb kXyw, InkvXp-

aXw ]Tn∏n°p∂ps≠∂p XmXzn-I`m-j-bn¬ ka¿∞n-®p. InkvXym-\n-

25hnizm-k-Zo]vXn

Iƒ ssZh-]-am-W-]-Imcw kvt\ln-°p-∂p F∂v Ah-Im-i-s∏-Sp-Ibpw

sNbvXp.

3. PÃn≥ am¿´n-b¿

hnhn[ XØzimkvXßfn¬ AXoh⁄m\w kºmZn-®-tijw

At±lw InkvXym-\n-bmbn (130 F. Un). tdman¬ ]Tn-∏n°p-tºmƒ H∂m-

asØ At∏m-tfmPn (hn-izm-k-ÿm-]-\-hm-Zw) Fgp-Xn. am¿°kv Hudo-

en-b-sk∂ NI-h¿Øn-bpsS tdma≥ sk\-‰ns\ A`nkwt_m-[\

sNbvXp c≠mw At∏m-tfm-Pnbpw Fgp-Xn. bp‡nbpw hnizm-khpw

tN¿Øp-sIm≠v BZy-ambn hnizm-k-ÿm-]-\-hm-Z-sa-gp-Xn-bXv Ct±-l-

am-Wv. ""ssSt^mbpam-bp≈ kw`m-jWw'' F∂ KŸ-Øn¬ ]g-b-\n-b-

a-Øns‚ (old testament) Xm¬°m-en-I-X-bpw, temtKmkpw ]g-b-\n-ba

ssZh-hp-am-bp≈ GI-Xz-hpw, ]pd-Pm-Xn-Iƒ°p blqZ∑mcpsS ÿm\-

sa-SpØp c£-bpsS A\p- -h-Øn-te°p hcp-∂-Xn-\p≈ ssZh-hn-fnbpw

hnh-cn-®n´p≠v. kl-km-_vZ-hm-gvN-bn¬ At±lw hniz-kn-®n-cp-s∂∂v

Hcp \yq\X At±-l-Øn-\p-≠v. c‡-km-£n-bmbn At±lw acn-®p.

4. XmØn-bm-t\mkv (Tatian)

Ko°p XØz-⁄m\nbmbncp∂ Ct±lw InkvXym\n-bm-IpIbpw,

tdman¬ h®p PÃn≥ am¿´n-b-dpsS injyXzw kzoI-cn-°p-Ibpw sNbvXp.

Ko°pIm-tcm-Sp≈ ]kwKw (oratio ad graecos) F∂ At∏m-tfm-Pn-bn¬

Ko°p \mK-cn-I-Xsb \n¿±bw BI-an-°p-I-bpw, AXns‚ Xn∑ shfn-

s∏-Sp-Øp-Ibpw k`-bpsS hnip≤nbpw aln-abpw Db¿Øn-°m-Wn-°p-

Ibpw sNbvXp. \mep kphn-ti-j߃ tN¿Øp Ubm-s‰-k-tdm¨ F∂

KŸw cNn®p. Ae-Ivk-¥n-bm-bnse ¢oaokpw a‰pw At±-l-Øn¬ Nne

thZ-hn-]-co-X-߃ D≠m-bn-cp-∂-Xmbn Nq≠n-°m-Wn-®n- p≠v.

5. AsY\m-tKm-dkv

XnXz-hn-izm-k-sØ-°p-dn®v BZyw As∏m-tfmPn Fgp-Xn-bXv Ct±-l-

am-Wv. acn-®-h-cpsS ]p\-cp-∞m-\-sØ-°p-dn®p hni-Z-amb hymJym\w

\¬In. hnhmlw ac-W-Øm¬ t]mepw th¿]n-cn-b-s∏-SmØ _‘-ambn

At±lw NnXo-I-cn-®p. am¿°kv Hudn-√n-b-kn\pw aI≥ sImtΩm-U- n-

\p-ambn 177- ¬ Fgp-Xnb As∏m-tfm-Pn-bn¬ InkvXob hnizmkw \nco-

iz-c-Xza-s√∂p hmZn-®n-cn-°p-∂p.

6. At¥ym-Iy-bnse sXtbm- n-temkv

A‘hn-izmkw If™p InkvXob krjvSn-imkvXw kzoI-cn-∏m≥

At±lw Blzm\w sNbvXp. ssZh-Øns‚ _p≤n-bmb temtKmkpw

26 hnizm-k-Zo]vXn

(h-N\w) krjvSn-°mbn _mly-ambn ]h¿Øn-°p∂ temtKmkpw, hyXy-

kvXambn Nq≠n-°m-Wn-®p. ssZhsØ XnXz-sa∂ A¿∞-Øn¬ triadF∂v BZy-ambn hnfn-®Xpw Ct±-l-am-Wv.

7. sX¿Øp-ey≥ (160- 220)

]m›mXyk`bpsS BZy]nXmhmWv Ct±lw F∂p ]dbmw.

B^n°-bnse Im¿tØ-PvImc\mbncp-∂p. 35-˛mw asØ hb- n¬

tdman¬ h®p InkvXym\nbm-bn. eØo\nepw Ko°nepw ]e KŸßfpw

As∏m-tfm-Pn-Ifpw Fgp-Xn. InkvXp-a-X-Øn-s\-Xn-cmbn Db¿∂ hmZ-apJ-

ßsf Jfin-®p-sIm≠v "As∏mtfmP-‰n°w' F∂ ]pkvX-I-sa-gp-Xn.

as‰mcp KŸ-Øn¬ a\p-jym-flmhp P∑\m InkvXob kz`m-h-Øn-em-

sW∂p hmZn-®p. k`-bv°mWp kXyw G¬∏n-®n-cn-°p-∂-sX∂pw k`-

bpsS KŸamWp thZ-]p-kvXIsa∂pw At±lw ]Tn∏n®ncp-∂p. ]nXmhp

IjvS-X-b-\p-`-hn-s®∂p ]d-bp∂ thZ-hn-]-co-XsØ Jfin-°p-Ibpw

XnXz-hn-izmkw hni-Zo-I-cn-°p-Ibpw sNbvXp. Ah-km\w sam≥Sm-\n-k-

sa∂ hnL-SnX Kq∏n¬ tNcp-∂-Xn\v CS-bm-bn. Bflm-°ƒ Ip™p-

߃°p ]c-º-cm-K-X-ambn e`n-°p-s∂∂ sX‰mb ]Tn-∏n-°-emWp Ct±-

l-Øn-\p-≠m-bn-cp-∂-Xv. Hmtcm Ip™n\pw ]pXnb Bflm-hns\ ssZhw

krjvSn®p \¬Ip∂p F∂-XmWp kXy-hn-izmkw.

3. \ncq-]Ww

c≠pw aq∂pw \q‰m-≠pIfn¬ hnizm-kÿm]\hmZ-°m¿ Fgp-Xnb

KŸ-ß-fn¬, -ssZ-h-im-kvX-]-c-amb Nne Ipdhp-Iƒ D≠m-bn-cp∂p. AXp-

t]mse At∏m-kvtXm-enI ]nXm-°-∑m-cpsS KŸ-ß-fnepw Ipd-hp-Iƒ

D≠m-bn-cp-∂p. ]pXs\-°p-dn®pw ]cn-ip-≤m-flm-hns\°p-dn®pw XnXz-sØ-

°p-dn®pw ]Iz-amb Dƒ°m-gvN-bp-≠m-b-Xv \mepw A©pw \q‰m-≠p-I-fn-

em-Wv. ]cn-ip-≤m-flm-hns\ ]nXmhpw ]pX\pw XΩn-ep≈ _‘w amX-

ambpw, ]pXs‚ Bflm-hmbpw, ]nXm-hns‚ Bflm-hmbpw ]ecpw I≠n-

cp-∂p. ]nXm-hn-t\-°mƒ ]pX≥ Aev]w XmW-h-\m-bn-cp-s∂∂p Nn¥n-

®-hcpw D≠m-bn-cp-∂p.

hnizm-k-ÿm-]-\-hm-Zn-I-fn¬ qcn-]-£hpw bh-\-X-Xz-kwln-Xbpw

bh\ hm‹nXz Iebpw ]Tn-®-tijw AXn-t\-°mƒ DZm-Ø-amb InkvXp-

a-X-Øn-te°p aXw-amdn h∂-h-cm-bn-cp-∂-Xn-\m¬, hmin-tbmSpw DØ-a-

t_m-≤y-tØm-Spw -IqsS Fgp-Xn. Ah-cn¬ ImWp∂ sNdnb hnizmk

kvJen-X-߃ Aev]-amb InkvXob ]T-\-Øm¬ D≠m-b-Xm-Wv. ]g-b-

Xns‚ hnIr-X-cq]w ImWm≥ Ah¿°p s]s´∂p Ign-s™-¶nepw ]pXn-

b-Xns‚ Bgw icn-bmbn t_m≤yambn-√m-bn-cp-∂p.

27hnizm-k-Zo]vXn

Fgp-X-s∏´ ]g-b-\n-b-a-sØtbm ]pXn-b-\n-b-a-sØtbm amXw D≤-

cn®m-bn-cp∂p Ch¿ Fgp-Xn-b-Xv. bp‡n°v AXns‚ ÿm\w Ah¿ sImSp-

Øn-cp-∂p. InkvXob A\p- hw hymJym-\n-°p-∂-Xn\p bp‡nbpw thZ-

K-Ÿhpw Ah¿ D]-tbm-Kn-®p. InkvXym-\n-I-fpsS D∂X PohnXhnip-

≤n-bpw, AXn-i-b-\obamb XymK-hpw [ocacWhpw InkvtX-Xcsc henb

tXmXn¬ k -bn-te°v BI¿jn® Ime-am-bn-cp∂p AXv. Aßs\ k -

bn¬ tN¿∂-h-cpsS Iq -Ønse _p≤n-Po-hn-Iƒ, Ah¿ I≠Xpw tI´Xpw

A\p-`-hn-®-dn-™-Xp-amb InkvXob Pohn-X-Øn-te°p a‰p≈hsc

sIm≠p-h-cp-hm≥ Fgp-Xp-I-bm-bn-cp-∂p.

F√m ssZh-im-kvX-⁄-∑mcpw k -bnse hnizm-k-ÿm-]-\-hm-Z-°m-

cmbn ]cn-K-Wn°s∏tS≠Xm-Wv. Ae≥ d-n®m¿Uvk¨ ]d-bpw-t]mse

"Hdn-K¨, BK-Ão≥, AIzn-\mkv apX-emb G‰w D∂-X-ÿm-\n-I-fmb

ssZh-im-kvX-⁄-∑m¿ k`-bnse ][m\ As∏m-tfm-Pn-Ãp-Ifpam-bn-

cp∂p.'

tNmZy-߃

1. UnUms° hmbn®v BZna k`m-Po-hn-XsØ°pdn®p t\ms -gp-XpI.

2. `mcXØn¬ C∂v C]-Im-cap≈ IrXn-Iƒ°p≈ ÿm\-sa¥v?

Ah Fßs\ cNn-°-s∏-SWw?

]mTw 5

Adnbqkns\Xncmbn

AØm\mtkymkv

Adn-bq-kns‚ thZ-hn-]-coXw hn. AØm-\m-tkym-kns‚ ]Tn-∏n-°¬

hn. AØm-\m-tkym-kns‚ Fgp-Øp-Iƒ hn. AØm-\m-tkym-kns‚

ssZh-im-kvXw

hn. AØm-\m-tkym-kv (295- 373) Ae-Ivk-¥n-bm-bnse _nj-∏ns‚

siΩm-»-\m-bn-cp-∂p. \nJym kp∂-l-tZm-kn¬ G‰hpw A[nIw hmZ-ap-

J-߃ kw`m-h\ sNbvX ssZh-im-kvX-⁄-\m-Wv. kXy-hn-izm-kØn\p-

th≠n A©p ]mhiyw Pbn¬hmkhpw \mSpISØepw A\p`hn-®p.

Adn-tbm-kns‚ thZ-hn-]-co-XsØ "FXn¿In-kvXp-hns‚ apt∂mSn'

F∂mWp hnfn-®-Xv. "hN-\-Øns‚ a\p-jym-h-Xmcw' F∂ sNdp-KŸw

28 hnizm-k-Zo]vXn

cNn-®p. InkvXp-im-kvXØn¬ AXn-]m-[m\ya¿ln-°p∂ Hcp B[n-

Im-cnI KŸ-atX CXv.

1. Adn-bq-kns‚ thZ-hn-]-coXw

1. ssZhw amXw P\-\-cln-X-\pw, \nXy-\pw, krjvSn-b-√m-Ø-h-

\p-amb ssZh-am-Ip-∂p. tbip-InkvXp ta¬]-d™t]mse

BsW-∂p-h-∂m¬ Ah¿ ktlm-Z-c-∑m-cm-Ipw.

2. ⁄m\hpw hN-\hpw (tem-tKmkv) ssZh-Ønse Bf-Ø-a-√,

Ignhp amX-am-Ip-∂p.

3. ssZhw kIehpw krjvSn°p∂Xn\p aptº, hN\sØ

krjvvSn®p, B hN\w temIsØ krjvSn-®p.

4. hN\w AYhm ]pX≥, C√m-Xn-cp∂ Ime-ap-≠m-bn-cp-∂p.

5. hN-\-amb InkvXp ]q¿W ssZh-a-√, ]q¿W- kr-jvSn-bm-Wv.

6. InkvXp-hn\p a\p-jy-i-co-c-ap-≠m-bn-cp-∂p. F∂m¬ a\p-jymflm-

hn-√m-bn-cp-∂p.

7. ]cn-ip-≤m-flm-hns\ hN\w krjvSn-®p.

Adn-bqkv ]d™n-cn-°p-∂h kzoI-cn-®m¬

(1) ]nXmhpw ]pX\pw GI- km-cmw-i-a-√. (2) hn. XnXz-an-√. (3) tbip-

InkvXp ]q¿W -ssZ-h-a-s√∂p amX-a-√, ]q¿W a\pjy≥ t]mepa√.

(4) a\p-jymhXmcw ssZh-Øn-t‚-X√; tbipInkvXp A¿≤-ssZ-hhpw

A¿≤- a-\p-jy-\p-am-Wv. (5) InkvXp-hns\ Bcm-[n-°p-∂Xp krjvSnsb

Bcm-[n-°p-I-bm-Wv. (6) ssZh-kz- mhw Fs¥∂p shfn-s∏-Sp-Øphm≥

tbip-In-kvXp-hn\p Ign-™n- n-√. (7) a\p-jy¿°p hos≠-Sp∏p D≠m-bn-

´n-√. (8) tbip-In-kvXp-hn-s\-°p-dn®p kphn-tijn-°-Ø-°-hÆw ]m[m-

\y-an-√, ssZhw \nXy-ambn ]h¿Øn®psIm≠n-cn-°p∂ \nXy-kvt\-l-

a√. (9) ]cn-ip-≤m-flmhv krjvSn-bm¬ krjvSn-°-s∏´ krjvSn-bmWv,

Fs∂√mw ]d-tb≠-Xmbn hcpw. Npcp-°-Øn¬ thZ-]p-kvXI kXy-߃

\mw ]cn-Xy-Pn-t°≠n hcpw.

2. hn. AØm-\m-tkym-kns‚ ]Tn-∏n-°¬

1. ]nXmhpw ]pX\pw ]cn-ip-≤m-flmhpw Htc- km-cmw-i-am-Wv.

2. tbip-InkvXp ]q¿W-ssZ-hhpw ]q¿W- a-\p-jy-\p-am-Wv.

3. Ah≥ Zmk-\-√, Zmk-cq]w kzbw FSp-Ø-h-\m-Wv. Zcn-Z-\√,

kzbw Zcn-Z-\m-bn-Øo¿∂-h-\m-Wv.

29hnizm-k-Zo]vXn

4. InkvXp ssZh-Øns‚ \nXy alm-]p-tcm-ln-X\pw (F_m. 6:20)

ssZhØn\pw a\pjy¿°pw CS-bv°p≈ AZzo-Xob a≤yÿ\pw

(F_m 8:6; 9:15; 12:24; 1 Xntam. 2:5) ssZh-Øns‚ ]q¿W-km-Zr-

iyhpw (sIm-tem. 1:15f) kIe krjvSn-°pw, Imc-W- q-X\pw, kXy-

ambn ]nXm-hn¬ \n∂pw P\n®-h\pw krjvSn-bn-√m-Ø-h\pw acn-

®h-cn¬ \n∂v BZy-Pm-X-\p-a-tX (sIm-tem. 1:18).

5. \ΩpsS ]m]-Øn¬ \n∂p \sΩ c£n-∏m≥ ]m]-an-√mØ GI-

]-cn-ip-≤-\mb Xm≥ \ΩpsS ]m]w \ap-°p-th≠n hln-®p. \ap-

°p-th≠n acn-®p. \ap°pth≠n Dbn¿sØ-gp-t∂-‰p. Ahs‚

\njv]m] ]q¿WX thZ-km-£y-amWv (tbm-l. 8:46; 8:29).

6. Ahs\ ]nXmhp ZsØ-Sp-Ø-X√. \sΩ ]nXmhv Ah-\n¬

ZsØ-Sp-°p-I-bmWp sNbvXn-cn-°p-∂Xv.

7. ssZhw Xs∂ Ah-X-cn®p ]m]-Øn-\mbn acn-®m¬ amXta

hos≠Sp∏v D≠m-I-pIbp≈p F∂-Xp-sIm≠v a\p-jym-h-Xm-chpw

hos≠-Sp-∏ns‚ ac-Whpw Ahn- m-Py-am-Wv.

8. hn. XnXzw Hcp cl-ky-sa-¶n-epw ]ca bmYm¿∞y-am-Wv.

hn. AØm-\mtkymkns\ "Hm¿Ø-tUm-Ivkn-bpsS ]nXm'sh∂p

hnfn°mw. "GI kmcmwiamb aq∂v BfØw' F∂ ]Tn∏n°¬ AØm-

\m-tkymkv Bcw- -an´ D]-tZ-i-am-Wv. ]n∂oSv I∏-tZm-Iy≥ ]nXm-°-∑m¿

(h-enb am¿ _t en-tbm-kv, \mkn-bm≥knse am¿ KotKm-dn-tbm-kv,

\n m-bnse am¿ KotKm-dn-tbmkv) AXp ]q¿Øo-I-cn-®p. Adn-bq-kns‚

thZ-hn-]-coXw Aev]w hyXym-k-s∏-SpØn, ]pX\p ]nXm-hn-t\mSp kmay-

ap≈ kmcmw-i-am-sW∂v Adn-bq-kns‚ ]n≥Km-an-Iƒ ]d-™-t∏mƒ ]nXm-

hn\pw ]pX\pw ]cnip≤m-flm-hn\pw GI- km-cmwiw Xs∂-bm-sW∂p

I∏-tZm-Iy≥ ]nXm-°-∑m¿ Dd-∏n®p ]d-™p. Aßs\ AØm-\m-tkym-

kns‚ ]Tn-∏n-°-ens\ Ah¿ Dd-∏n®p.

3. hn. AØm-\m-tkym-kns‚ Fgp-Øp-Iƒ

1. Adn-tbm\y thZ-hn-]-co-XØn-s\Xn-cmb aq∂p -]-`m-j-W߃

kp]-kn-≤-a-tX. Adn-bqkv F¥p ]Tn-∏n®p F∂pw thZ-]p-

kvX-Im-Snÿm\Øn¬ AØm\mtkymkv AXns\ Fßs\

Jfin®p F∂pw CXn¬ ImWmw.

2. ]pd-Pm-Xn-Iƒs°-Xn-cmb c≠p ]pkvX-I-߃ (Two booksagainst pagans). CXp \nJym kp∂ltZmkn\p apºv Fgp-Xnb

XmWv. Cu t]cv Ptdmw BWv Cu ]pkvX-I-߃°p \¬In-b-Xv.

30 hnizm-k-Zo]vXn

3. skdm-∏n-b-\p≈ \mev Fgp-Øp-Iƒ. CXn¬ ]cn-ip-≤m-flm-hns‚

Bf-Øw, ssZh-Xzw, ]pd-∏mSv Ch wKn-bmbn hni-Zo-I-cn-°p∂p.

4. \nJym Iu¨kn¬ UnIn-I-sf-°p-dn-®p≈ FgpØv.

5. Adn-tbm\y thZhn]co-XØns\Xncmb As∏m-fPn. \nJym

hnizm-k-]-am-W-Øn¬ D]-tbm-Kn-®n-´p-≈Xpw thZ-]p-kvX-I-

Øn¬ C√m-Ø-Xp-amb ]Z-]-tbm-K-ßsf \ymbo-I-cn®v Fgp-

Xn-b-Xns‚ e-ambn \mSp-I-S-Ø-s∏- -t∏mƒ, AØm-\m-tkymkv

Fgp-Xnb At∏m-f-Pn-I-fn¬ H∂m-Wn-Xv.

4. hn. AØm-\m-tkym-kns‚ ssZh-imkvXw

InkvXp-im-kvXhpw XnXz-hn-izm-k-hp-am-bn-cp∂p Adn-bqkv tNmZyw

sNbvX-Xv. AXn-\m¬ AØm-\m-kntbmkns‚ ssZh-imkvXw Cu c≠p

Imcy-ßsf A[n-I-cn-®p-≈-Xm-Wv. a‰p hnj-b-ß-fn-te°p IS-°p-∂n-√.

thZ-]p-kvXImSnÿm\amWp XØz-im-kvX-tØ-°mƒ At±lw

sXcs™SpØXv. thZ]pkvXIsØ°pdn®p≈ At±lØns‚ Imt\m-

\n¬ C∂p≈ 66 ]pkvX-I߃ Dƒs°m-≠n-cp-∂p. Adn-bq-kns‚ kao-

]-\hpw thZ-]p-kvX-Im-Sn-ÿm-\-Øn-em-b-Xn-\m¬, AtX \mW-b-Øn¬-

Øs∂ AØm-\m-tkymkv adp-]Sn sImSp°pIbmWv sNbvX-Xv.

AØm-\m-tkym-kns‚ tIµ-Nn¥ c£m-kn-≤m-¥-am-bn-cp-∂p. Adn-

bq-kns‚ thZ-hn-]-coXw i‡ns∏´ncp∂psh-¶n¬ c£mkn≤m¥w A]-

I-S-Øn-em-Ip-am-bn-cp-∂p. a\p-jym-h-Xm-chpw Ipcn-ip-a-c-Whpw c£-

bv°p≈ ssZhØns‚ GI ]h¿Ø-\Øns‚ c≠p- h-i-am-b-√m-sX

c≠p ]tXyI ]InbIfmbn AØm\mtkymkv I≠n-√.

]cnip≤m-flm-hns‚ ssZh-Xzhpw ssZh-Øn¬ \n-∂p≈ ]pd-∏mSpw

AØm-\m-tkymkv ]Tn-∏n-®p. ]cnip≤m-flm-hp ssZh-a-s√-¶n¬, ssZho-

I-cWw a\p-jy\p km[y-am-Ip-I-bn-√-t√m.

tNmZy-߃

1 Adnbqkns‚bpw AØm-\mtkymkn-s‚bpw ]Tn-∏n-°¬ thZ-

]pkvX-Im-Sn-ÿm-\-Øn¬ hne-bn-cp-Øp-I.

2 Adn-bq-kn-s‚ thZhn]coXamWv btlmhmkm£nIƒ ]Tn-∏n°p-

∂Xv. N¿® sNøp-I.

31hnizm-k-Zo]vXn

]mTw 6

I∏tZm-Iy≥ ]nXm-°-∑mcpw

AK-kvXo-t\mkpw

henb am¿ _t -en-tbmkv \mkn-bm≥knse ssZh-imkvX-⁄≥

am¿ KotKm-dn-tbmkv \n m-bnse am¿ KotKmdn-tbmkv lnt∏m-

bnse BK-kvXo-t\mkv BK-kvXo-t\mkns‚ ]Tn-∏n°-epI-fn¬

XncpØ-s∏-tS-≠h

sk‚ v t_kn¬ (h-enb am¿ _t -en-tbmkv ˛ F. Un. 330-˛379),

\mkn-bm≥knse am¿ KotKm-dn-tbmkv (F. Un. 329- 389), \nkm-bnse

am¿ KotKm-dn-tbmkv (F. Un. 335- 394) Cu aq∂p t]sc-bmWp I∏-tZm-

Iy≥ ]nXm-°-∑m-sc∂p ]d-bp-∂-Xv. Ch¿ Ing-°≥ k`-bpsS ]nXm-°-

∑m-cm-Wv. Ing°pw ]Sn-™mdpw c≠mbn ]ncn-bp-∂-Xn\p apºp≈ ]nXm-

°-∑m-cm-b-Xn-\m¬, ]Sn-™m-d≥ k`bpw Chsc k`m-]n-Xm-°-∑m-cmbn

AwKo-I-cn-°p-∂p.

F∂m¬ lnt∏m-bnse BK-kvXo-t\mkv (354-˛430) Ing°pw ]Sn-

™mdpw c≠mbn ]ncn-bp-∂-Xn\p apºp≈ Bfm-bn-cp-s∂-¶n-epw, ]Sn-

™m-d≥ k`-bpsS ]nXm-hmbn amX-amWv At±lw Adn-b-s∏-Sp-∂Xv.

Ing-°≥ k`-Ifpw ]Sn-™m-d≥ k`-Ifpw c≠mbn ]ncn-bp-∂-Xn\p≈

][m\ ImcWw BK-kvXo-t\m-kns‚ Fgp-Øp-I-fm-W-sX. Cu \mep

t]sc-°p-dn®pw ka-K-ambn ]Tn-t°-≠-Xm-Wv.

1. henb am¿ _tk-en-tbmkv (330-˛379)

At±lw Hcp ]ca ‡\pw, Akm-am\y _p≤n-am\pw, Zo\_‘phpw,

k\ym-k-k-aql ]cn-jv°¿Øm-hpw, Adn-bq-kns‚ thZhn]-coX-Øns‚

hnj-∏√p ]dn® anI® ssZhimkvX⁄\pambncp∂p. At±lw Fgp-

Xnb "]cn-ip-≤m-flm-hn-s\-°p-dn®v' F∂ IrXn C∂pw Hcp B[n-Im-cnI

KŸ-am-Wv. At±lw Imew sNbvXp c≠p- sIm√w Ign™v (381), IpkvX-

¥o-t\m-t∏m-eo-kn¬ IqSn-b c≠mw km¿h-XnI kp∂-l-tZm-kn-em-Wv,

Adnbqkns‚ thZ-hn-]-coXØn\p I_dS°w \¬InbsX∂p≈Xv, At±-

l-Øns‚ hnPbw ImWn-°p-∂p. \nJym- hn-izm-k-]-am-Wsa∂p ]d-bp∂

C∂sØ hnizmk]am-W-Øn¬ ]d-bp∂ F√m Imcy-ßfpw am¿ _t -

en-tbm-kns‚ Fgp-Øp-I-fn¬ D≈-h-bm-Wv.

]cn-ip-≤m-flm-hns\ ]pX-t\-°mƒ XmgvØn FÆn-b-hsc FXn¿Øv,

]nXmhpw ]p-X\pw ]cn-ip-≤m-flm-hpw, Htc kmcmw-i-am-I-bm¬ Xpey-

32 hnizm-k-Zo]vXn

ÿm-\-amWp th≠-sX∂v At±lw ]Tn-∏n-®p. hn. XnXzsØ°pdn®p

kmcmw-i-Øn¬ H∂pw Bf-Ø-Øn¬ aq∂pw, F∂ icn-bmb hymJym\w

sImSpØ aq∂p ]nXm-°-∑m-cn¬ apº≥, _t -en-tbmkv Bbn-cp-∂p.

I∏-tZmIy≥ ]nXm-°-∑m¿ XnXz-Ønse GIXzw ]nXm-hn-emWp Z¿-

in-®sX-¶n¬ AK-kvXo-t\mkv Z¿in-®-Xv kmcmwi-Ønem-Wv. AK-kvXo-

t\m-kns‚ Cu ]Tn-∏n-°¬ mhn-bn¬ tdma≥ ItØm-en°m k`bpsS

sX‰mb Hcp Xocp-am-\-Øn\p hgn Hcp-°n. ]cn-ip≤dqlm ]nXm-hn¬

\n∂pw ]pX-\n¬ \n∂pw ]pd-s∏-Sp∂p F∂v s‰mfntUm Iu¨kn¬

(589) hnizm-k-]amWØn¬ tN¿°m≥ CS-bm-b-Xv, BK-kvXo-t\m-kns‚

]Tn-∏n-°¬ apJm-¥-cam-Wv. CXp ]Sn-™m-d≥ k`bpw Ing-°≥ k`-

Ifpw XΩn-ep≈ th¿]m-Sn\p Imc-W-am-Ip-Ibpw sNbvXp.

2. \mkn-bm≥knse ssZh-im-kvX-⁄≥

am¿ KotKm-dn-tbmkv (329-˛389)

Ct±lw henb ]finX\pw, hm‹nbpw k\ymkhcy\pw, hnizm-

kkwc-£-I-\p-am-bn-cp-∂p. IpkvX-¥n-t\m-t∏m-eo-knse kp∂-l-tZmkv

ka-bØv At±-lsØ B ]´WØnse _nj∏v Bbn \nb-ans®-¶nepw,

AtXh¿jw At±lw B ÿm\w cmPnh®p \mkn-bm≥kn-te°pw

]n∂oSp kz¥w ÿetØ°pw t]mhp-Ibpw Ahn-sS h®v At±lw Imew-

sN-øp-Ibpw sNbvXp.

]cn-ip-≤m-flm-hn-s\-°p-dn®pw a‰p-ap≈ At±-l-Øns‚ A©p ]kw-

K-߃ Hm¿Ø-tUmIvkv hnizm-k-Øns‚ At∏mfPn (hnizmkkwc-£-

W-hm-Zw) Bbn-cp-∂p. a‰p c≠p -t]-sc-t∏mse Ct±-lhpw HdnKs‚ injy-

\m-bn-cp-∂p. Kpcp-hns‚ "^ntem-°m-enb' F∂ KŸw sXc-s™-SpØp

Iq´n-t®¿Ø-Xv, _t -en-tbmkpw Ct±-lhpw IqSn-bm-bn-cp-∂p. At∏m√n-

t\dnbkØn\v FXncmb FgpØp-Ifpw, AXn\pw]pdsa At\-I- ]-Zy-

ßfpw Ct±-l-Øn-t‚-Xmbn \ap°p e`n-®n- p-≠v.

Hdn-K-s\-t∏mse XmXzn-I-ambn Nn¥n-°m≥ Ct±-lhpw ]m]vX-\m-sb-

¶nepw Hdn-Ks‚ sX‰p-I-fn¬ sN∂p NmSn-bn-√. XnXz-hymJym-\-Øn¬

a‰p c≠pt]-sct∏mse Ct±-lØn\pw AZzn-Xob ÿm\-am-Wp-≈-Xv.

Xt∂-°mƒ ]Øp- h¿jw apºp Imew sNbvX Xs‚ kXo¿∞y\pw,

D‰-anXhpw Bcm-[y-]p-cp-j-\p-am-bn-cp∂ _t -en-tbm-kns‚ ac-Wm-\-

¥cw \S-Øn-b Nc-a-]-kw-Kw, A\n-X-c-km-[m-c-Whpw D÷z-e-hp-ambn-

cp∂p. _t entbmkv FX henb alm-\m-bn-cp∂p F∂v B ]kwKw

hy‡-am-°n. k`mhnizmk kwc£-W-Øn¬ aqhcpw Hcp-t]mse

t]mcmSn hnP-bn-®p.

33hnizm-k-Zo]vXn

3. \nkm-bnse am¿ KotKm-dn-tbmkv (335-˛394)

henb am¿ _t entbmkns‚ Cfb ktlmZc\mbncp∂p Ct±lw.

]kw-K-Ie ]Tn-®tijw kzk-tlm-Z-c≥ ÿm]n® Hcp k\ymk kaq-

lØn¬ tN¿∂p. IpkvX¥ot\mt]m-eo-knse km¿h-XnI kp∂-l-

tZm-kn¬ (381) \nJym hnizm-k-Øn\p -th≠n hmNm-e-ambn hmZn-®p.

henb hm‹n-bm-bn-cp-∂-Xn-\m¬, ]e ÿe-ß-fnepw t]mbn InkvXo-b-

]- m-j-W-߃ \S-Øn. Adn-bq-kns‚ thZ-hn-]-coXw kzoI-cn® bqt\m-

an-b-kn-\pw, tbip-hns‚ a\p-jym-flm-hn\p ]Icw temtKmkv Bbn-cp-

s∂∂p ]Tn-∏n® As∏m-√n-\m-dn-kn-\pw, FXn-cmbn FgpXn. hnizmk ]Tn-

Xm-°ƒ°p Xs‚ kp]-kn≤ ]kw-K-ß-fn¬ hn. XnXzw ÿm]n-®p-d-

∏n®p. AtX ]kw-K-]-c-º-c-bn¬ a\p-jym-h-Xm-cw, hos≠-Sp-∏v, amtam-

Zokm, Ip¿_m\ apX-emb hnj-b-ß-ƒ, hnizm-k-]-Tn-Xm-°sf Fßs\

]Tn-∏n-°-W-sa∂p ]Tn-∏n-®p. tami-bpsS Poh-N-cn-X-hpw, k`m]kw-Kn,

DØ-a-Ko-Xw, I¿Xr-]m¿∞-\, Kncn-]- m-j-W-Ønse mKy-hm-∑m¿ Ch-

sb-°p-dn-®p≈ hymJym-\-K-Ÿ-ßfpw k\ymk Pohn-X-sØ-°p-dn-®p≈

As∏m-sfm-Pnbpw Fgp-X-n.

]pXs‚ \nXy-P-\\w, ]cn-ip-≤m-flm-hn-s‚- ]p-d-∏mSv F∂nh hyXy-

kvX-ambn ImWn®v At±lw ]Tn-∏n-®p. XnXz-Øn¬ c≠m-a≥ I\y-I-a-dn-

bm-an¬ \n∂v P\n-®-Xn-\m¬, adn-bm-ans\ ssZh-]-k-hnXn F∂p hnfn-

°-W-sa∂p ]Tn-∏n-®p. Hdn-K-s\t∏mse sX‰mb Nne ]Tn-∏n-°-ep-Ifpw

D≠mbncp∂p. A¥na-ambn \cIØnse Bflm-°fpw ]nimNp°fpw

ssZh-Øn-te°p aS-ßn-h-cp-sa∂p ]Tn-∏n-®-Xp -i-cn-b-√.

4. lnt∏m-bnse AK-kvXo-t\mkv (354-˛430)

New Catholic Encyclopaedia Ct±-l-sØ-°p-dn®v Cßs\ hne-bn-cp-

Øn-bn-cn-°p-∂p. "hn. AK-kvXot\mkns‚ henb _p≤ni-‡n-bpw, Bg-

amb Bflob Z¿i-\-hpw -Iq-Sm-sX, \ap°p kp]-cn-Nn-X-amb hn[-Øn¬

]m›m-Xy -ssZ-h-imkvXw cq]-sa-Sp-°p-I-bn-√m-bn-cp-∂p. B^n-°-bn¬

lnt∏m-bnse _nj∏v Bbn-cp∂p At±-lw. a\p-jy-cmin apgp-h≥ Hcp

]m]-°- n-sb∂ \nK-a-\-Øn¬ At±lw h∂p tN¿∂-Xns‚ ]›m-Øew

i≤n-®m¬ a\- nem-°mw. hkvXp ]m]-am-sW∂ am\n-°n-b≥ Nn¥m-K-

Xn-bn¬ 9 h¿jw Pohn-°m-\n-Sbm-bn. Hcp sh∏m- n-tbm-Sp- IqSn 15 h¿jw

Zp¿am¿K-Øn¬ Pohn®v Hcp Ip´n-bpsS ]nXm-hmbn. Cßs\ ssewKn-Im-

k‡\mbn Pohn-°p-hm≥ CS-bmbn F¶nepw am\-km-¥-c-s∏ v InkvXphn-

ep≈ hnizm-k-Øns‚ hnip-≤ -]m-X-bn-te°v XncnsI h∂p.

34 hnizm-k-Zo]vXn

(1) Confessions (G-‰p-]-d-®n-ep-Iƒ) F∂ t]cn¬ Xs‚ Pohn-X-c-l-

ky-߃ FgpXnb ]pkvX-Ihpw (2) City of God (ssZ-h-]-´Ww) F∂

t]cn¬ Fgp-Xnb 22 ]pkvX-I-ßfpw, At±-l-Øns‚ A]m-c-]m-fin-

Xyhpw hnizm-k-Øns‚ Bghpw hy‡-am-°p-∂p. (3) hn. XnXz-sa∂

(De Trinitati) kp]-[m\ IrXn 15 ]pkvX-I-ß-fn-embn Fgp-Xn-bn-cn-°p∂p.

AXv ]m›mXy XnXz D]-tZ-i-km-c-ambn C∂pw AwKo-I-cn-°-s∏-´n-cn-

°p-∂p.

BZm-ay hogvN, P∑]m-]w, ap≥\n¿Wbw, Ir]-bn¬ amX-ap≈ c£

apX-emb D]-tZ-i-߃ ][m-\-ambpw Hcp _n´ojv k\ym-kn-bm-bn-cp∂

s]se-Kn-b-kns‚ (F. Un. 410) A¿≤-k-Xy-߃s°-Xn-cmbn Fgp-Xnb

A¿≤-k-Xy-ß-fmbn ]cn-K-Wn-°mw. amtam-Zokm apßmsX acn® Ip´n-

Iƒ Ip´n-\-c-I-Øn¬ t]mIp-sa∂v At±lw ]Tn-∏n-®-Xpw, tNmZyw sNø-

s∏-tS-≠-Xm-Wv. mcym- ¿Øm-°-∑m¿ XΩn-ep≈ ssewKnI-Po-hnXw ]m]-

]-¶neam-sW-∂pw, AXns‚ ASn-ÿm-\-Øn¬ P∑-]m-]-ap-s≠∂pw

At±lw ]Tn-∏n-®p. CXp sX‰m-Wv.

5. AK-kvXo-t\m-kns‚ ]Tn-∏n-°-ep-I-fn¬

Xncp-Ø-s∏-tS-≠h

(1) BZmay hogvN-bm¬, am\-h-cmin Hcp ]m]-°-´n-bmbn (lump ofsin) A[-x]-Xn-s®∂v AK-kvXo-t\mkv ]d-bp-∂p. Ing-°≥ k -Iƒ ]d-

bp-∂Xv BZmay hogvN-bm¬ ssZhkm-Zriyw hnIrX cq]-Øn-em-sb-¶nepw

AXp \jvS-s∏- n- n√ F∂m-Wv.

P∑-]m]w amXm-]n-Xm-°-∑m-cpsS Ima-Øm-ep-≈-Xm-sW∂pw B P∑-

]m-]sØ Igp-In-°-f-bp-∂-Xn-\m-WsX amtam-Zo-km F∂pw AK-kvXo-

t\m-kv ]Tn-∏n-®p. CXp icn-b-√. "hnhmlw F√m-h¿°pw am\yhpw InS°

\n¿Ω-ehp-am-bn-cn-°s´' (F-_m. 13:4) F∂v F_mb teJ\ I¿Ømhv

]d-bp-∂p. "]m]Øn¬ Fs‚ amXmhv Fs∂ K¿`w [cn®p' (k-¶o. 51:5)

F∂-Xns‚ A¿∞w ]m]n-bm-bn-cp∂ Ah-ÿ-bn-emWp amXmhp Fs∂

K¿`w [cn-®Xv F∂m-Wv. BZm-ay-]m]w ]m]-Øns‚ km¿h-Xn-I-Xsb

ImWn-°p-∂-X√msX AXp- aqew P∑-]m]w D≠m-Ip-∂-Xmbn kqNn-∏n°p-

∂n√. amtam-Zokm InkvXp-hn-t\mSv H´n-t®¿°p-hm-\m-Wv.

(2) hn. XnXz-Ønse tbmPn∏p kmcmw-i-Øn-em-sW∂v AK-kvXo-

t\mkv ]Tn-∏n-®p. ]nXm-hn-emWp tbmPn-s∏∂p Ing-°≥ k -Iƒ ]Tn-∏n-

°p-∂p. Ing-°≥ k -Iƒ ]Tn-∏n-°p-∂-X-\p-k-cn®v ]nXm-hn¬ \n∂p ]cn-

ip≤ dqlm ]pds∏-Sp-s∂∂ thZ-]p-kvX-I-Ønse hmIyw A¿∞-h-Øm-

Ip-∂p.

35hnizm-k-Zo]vXn

(3) c£, Ir]-bm¬ amX-sa∂v AK-kvXo-t\mkv ]Tn-∏n-®p. F∂m¬

hn. ]utemkv ]d-bp-∂Xp "Ir]-bm-es√m \n߃ hnizm-kw- aqew c£n-

°-s∏- n-cn-°p-∂Xv' (F-t^. 2:8) F∂m-Wv. "]hr-Øn-bn-√mØ hnizmkw

NØ-Xm-sW∂p' (bm-t°m. 2:26) hn. bmt°m_pw ]d-bp∂p. XS™-p-

\n¿Øm≥ ]mSn-√mØ Ir] (irresistable grace) F∂v AK-kvXot\mkv

]d-bp-tºmƒ, a\p-jys‚ ]XnIcWØn\p ÿm\-ans√∂p hcp-∂ns√?

Ir]bpw hn-izmkhpw ]hr-Ønbpw ssZh-Øns‚ Zm\-am-bncn°p-tºmƒ

Xs∂, a\p-jys‚ k-lIcWhpw c£bv°v BhiyamWv.

4. alØz]Xymibnte°p ap≥\n¿Wbn®h¿ amXta c£

]m]n°q. A√m-Ø-h¿ A¿l-amb in£m-hn[n A\p-`-hn°pw F∂v

(ap≥\n¿Wb) AK-kvXo-t\mkv ]Tn-∏n-®p. Im¬hn\pw Cu D]-tZiw

kzoI-cn-®p-. Aß-s\-sb-¶n¬ kphn-ti-j-th-e-bn¬°qSn a\p-jy-sc-

sb√mw c£bnte°p sIm≠phcWsa∂Xv Fßs\ ]d-bm≥

km[n°pw? C…mw aX-Ønse "InivaØn't\mS√msX (A-≈m-lphns‚

ap≥\n›-bw) Inkv-Xob ssZh-im-kvX-tØmSv CXp s]mcpØs∏-Sp-∂-

X√.

tNmZy-߃

1. alm-\mb AØm-\m-tkym-kn-s‚bpw I∏-tZm-Iy≥ ]nXm-°-∑m-cp-

sSbpw ][m\ D]-tZ-i-߃ kwK-ln-s®-gp-Xp-I.

2. AK-kvXo-t\mkv C´n-cn-°p∂ ASn-ÿm-\-Øn¬ \n∂pw ]m›mXy

k`sb am‰p-hm≥ I∏-tZm-Iy≥ ssZh-imkvXw i‡tam?

3. I∏tZmIy≥ ]nXm°∑mcpsS XntXzm]tZiw `mcX sslµh

]›m-Ø-e-Øn¬ hymJym-\n°pI.

36 hnizm-k-Zo]vXn

bqWn‰v 2

Ing-°≥ k -Iƒ

]mTw 1

Hm¿Ø-tUmIvkv hnizm-k-sa-∂m¬ F¥v?

k`m-hn-`m-K-߃ Gh? Hm¿ØtUmIvkn F∂m¬ F¥v? Hm¿-

Ø-tUmIvkn Fßs\ hf-cp∂p? I¬°-tZm\y kp∂-l-tZmkv?

1. k`m-hn-`m-K-߃ Gh?

ssZh-im-kvX-]-c-ambn k -Isf aq∂p hn`m-K-ß-fmbn Xncn-°mw: (1)

tdma≥ ItØm-en°m k` (2) Hm¿Ø-tUmIvkv k -Iƒ (3) s]m -Â v

k -Iƒ. B[p-\n-I-Im-eØv hy‡n-Xm-ev]-cy-Øm¬ At\Iw k`mhn`m-

K-߃ DSse-Sp-°p-∂p≠v F¶nepw k`m-Km-X-Ønse ][m\ hn`m-K-

߃ D≠m-bn-h-∂Xv ssZh-im-kvX-]-c-amb ImgvN-∏m-Sp-I-fpsS hyXym-

k-Øn-em-bn-cp-∂p.

InkvXp-hns‚ Bf-ØsØ kw_-‘n-®p-≠mb `n∂-X-bmWv

BZysØ henb hn -P-\-Øn\p Imc-W-am-b-Xv. F. Un. 451 se I¬°-

tZm\y kp∂-l-tZmkv AXn\v ][m\ hgn-Øn-cn-hp-≠m-°n.

tbipInkvXp-hns‚ Bf-ØØnse ssZhXzw a\p-jyXzw F∂o

kz`m-h-ß-fpsS IqSn-t®-c¬ kw_-‘n®v Ah c≠mbn Xs∂ \ne-sIm-

≠n-cp∂p F∂p \n›-bn® kp∂-l-tZm-kmWv I¬°-tZm\y kp∂-l-

tZmkv (hn-i-ZoIcWw ASpØ ]mT-Øn-ep-≠v).

F. Un. 451-˛se I¬°-tZm\y kp∂-l-tZmkv kzoI-cn® tdma≥

ItØm-en°m k`bpw ss_k‚-bn≥ k`Ifpw Hcp hi-Øpw, B kp∂-

l-tZmkv kzoI-cn-°mØ Hmdn-b‚¬ k -Iƒ adp-h-i-Øp-ambn InkvXp-

hns‚ BfØsØ kw_-‘n-®p-≠mb n∂-X-bmWv BZysØ henb

k`mhn`P\Øn\p Imc-W-am-b-Xv. AXp-h-sc-bp≈ k -bpsS kz`m-hhpw

hf¿®bpw F√m-h¿°pw kzoIm-cy-am-Im≥ ]bm-k-an-√m-Ø-Xm-Wv.

]cn-ip-≤m-flm-hns‚ ]pd-∏m-Sns\ kw_-‘n-®p≈ A`n-]m-b-hy-Xym-

k-Øn-t∑¬ F. Un. 1054-˛¬ tdma≥ ItØm-en°m k` Hcp hiØpw

ss_k‚-bn≥ k -Iƒ adp-h-i-Øp-ambn D≠mb n∂-X-bmWv ASpØ

henb Xncn-hn\v Imc-Ww. CXns‚ t]cn¬ am¿]m-∏mbpw IpkvX-¥o-

t\m-t]m-eo-knse ]mXnb¿°okpw ]c-kv]cw ap-S-°n.

37hnizm-k-Zo]vXn

\ho-I-c-W-Øns‚ e-ambn tdma≥ ItØm-en°m k`bpw \ho-Ic-

W-°mcpw XΩn¬ ]ncn-™p. entbm ]m∏m, am¿´n≥ eqXdns\ 1531-˛¬

apS-°n.

tdma≥ ItØm-en-°m-k-`-bn¬ ]tXm-kns‚ ]n≥Kman F∂ \ne-

bn¬ ]m∏m ]c-am-[n-Im-cnbpw BtKm-f-X-e-h\pw A]-am-ZnØzw D≈

hy‡n-bp-am-sW∂p Icp-X-s∏-Sp-∂p. thZ-]p-kvX-I-sØ-t∏mse Xs∂

]mc-ºcyw, Imt\m≥ F∂n-hsb ASnÿm\ ]am-W-ß-fmbn ImWp∂p.

I\y-I-a-dn-bm-ans‚ Aa-tem¤-hw, s_kv]q¿°m\ Ds≠∂ hnizm-kw,

hn. Ip¿_m-\-bn-se hkvXp-am‰ kn≤m¥w F∂n-h-sbms° tdma≥

ItØm-en°m k -bpsS ]tXyI ]Tn-∏n-°-ep-I-fm-Wv.

s]m´-Â v hn`m-K°m-cm-Is´ ta¬]-d™ ItØm-en°m hnizm-

ksØ A∏msS tNmZyw sNbvXp. Hmtcm hnizm-knbpw I¿Øm-hn¬

\n∂pw t\cn v A[n-Im-c-ap≈ Bfm-sW∂pw kaq-l-tØ-°mƒ hy‡n-

I-fpsS kzX¥ Nn¥-bv°mWp ]m[m\yw F∂pw Ah¿ hniz-kn®p.

thZ-]p-kvX-I-Øn\p ]c-am-[n-Im-chpw B£-cnI-amb A]-am-Zn-Øhpw

\¬In thZ-]p-kvXIw ]d-bp-∂-Xp -amXw kXyw F∂pw hN\w ]kw-

Kn-°-s∏-Sp-∂n-SØp k -bps≠∂pw ]Tn-∏n-®p. qcn]£ Xocpam-\-tØmsS

P\-߃ cn-°p∂ kwhn-[m-\-amWnXv. kphn-tij ]h¿Ø\w ][m\

Pohn-X-ssi-en-bm-bn-°-cpXn At∏m-kvtXm-enI ]n≥Xp-S¿®, ]´Xzw

F∂nh Bh-iy-an-s√∂p ]Tn-∏n-®p. ]cn-ip-≤-∑msc _lp-am-\n-°p-∂Xpw

hmßn-t∏m-b-h¿°p-th≠n ]m¿∞n-°p-∂Xpw Ah-tcmSp a≤y-ÿX

bmNn-°p-∂Xpw sX‰m-sW-∂pw- C-°q´¿ ]Tn-∏n®p.

Hm¿ØtUmIvkv k`Iƒ, «ol∑m¿s°√mw Xpey Ah-Imiw D≈-

Xmbn IcpXp∂p. hy‡n-tb-°mƒ IqSp-X¬ k` apgph\mbn ]m[m\yw

Iev]n°p-∂p. ta¬]-´-°mcpw P\ßfpw IqSp-tºm-gmWp k`-bpsS

]q¿W-X-bm-Ip-∂-Xv. P\-߃°p am-Xtam ] -°m¿°p- am-Xtam Bbn

th¿Xn-cn®p k`m-Im-cy-߃ \S-Ø-s∏-Sp-∂n-√. k`bv°p apgp-h-\p-amWv

]c-am-[n-Imcw. tZiob k`bv°p kzX-¥-amb c-Wkw-hn[m\w A\ph-

Zn°p∂p. k`bpsS kp∂ltZm-kn\v hnt[bambn ta¬∏´°mcpw ] -

°mcpw P\-ßfpw ]h¿Øn-°p-∂p. Bcm-[-\bv°pw Bflo-b-Po-hnX-

Øn\pw ap≥Xq°w Iev]n-°p-∂p. tZiob kwkvImcw Dƒs°m≠v Bcm-

[-\-bnepw mj-bnepw c-W-I-aØnepsams° Bh-iy-amb Iao-I-c-W-

߃ Imem-Im-e-ß-fn¬ sNøp-∂-Xn\v Hm¿ØtUmIvkv k`-Iƒ°p

kzmX-¥y-ap-≠v. hnip-≤-tcm-Spw hnip-≤¿°p- th-≠nbpw k` a≤yÿ

]m¿∞\ \S-Øp-∂p.

38 hnizm-k-Zo]vXn

2. Hm¿Ø-tUmIvkn F∂m¬ F¥v?

A£cm¿∞-Øn¬ ]d-™m¬, "Hm¿tØmkv' F∂-Xn-\v, icn-bm-bp-

≈Xv, t\sc-bp-≈Xv F∂pw, "tUmIvk' F∂-Xn\p kvXpXn-sb∂pw

A¿∞w. "kvXpXn sNm∆m-°-s∏´' F∂mWp ]gb X¿P-a. "kXy-hn-

izmk-ap≈' F∂ A¿∞-amWv CXn-\p-≈-Xv. Hm¿Ø-tUm-Ivkn-bn¬

\n∂pw X≈-s∏- -h-bmWv thZ-hn-]-co-X-߃ (Heresies). ioivtam-]-tZ-i-

߃ AYhm X¿°-߃ (Schisms) Hm¿Ø-tUm-Ivkn-bn¬ \n∂pw

A\ys∏- -sX-¶nepw, hnizm-k-hn-]-co-X-ambn i]n-°-s∏- -h-b-√.

ImtXm-en-I-sa∂ hm°v Hm¿Ø-tUmIvkv F∂ A¿∞-Øn-epw,

BZnak`bn¬ D]tbmKn®ncp∂p. ImtXmenIsa∂ hm°ns‚ A¿∞w

"km¿-h-XnIw' F∂m-Wv.

kXyk`bpsS apgph\pw kXyamb hnizmkamWv Hm¿ØtUmIvkn.

AXv AXns‚ ]q¿W-X-bn¬ Ing-°≥k-`-Iƒ Ah-Im-i-s∏-Sp-∂p-≠v.

]t£, AXp sXfn-bn-t°≠n-bn-cn-°p-∂p. k -I-fpsS ]p\-ssc-Iy-Øn\p

kXy-hn-izmkw sXfn-bn-t°-≠-Xv Bh-iy-am-Wv. Hm¿Ø-tUmIvkv k`I-

fn¬ t]mepw bYm¿∞ Hm¿Ø-tUmIvkn C\nbpw ]q¿W-X-bn-te°p

hf-tc-≠Xp≠v.

\nJym -hn-izm-k-]-amWw Hm¿Ø-tUm-Ivkn-bpsS Dc-I-√mbXn\m¬,

]cn-Xy-Pn-°m-\m-hn-√. hn. thZ-km£yw A]-Im-cw -Xs∂ Hm¿Ø-tUm-

Ivkn-bpsS Dc-I-√m-Wv. k`-bpsS CX-]-cy-¥-ap≈ Ncn-X-Øn¬ 3, 4, 5

F∂o \q‰m-≠p-Iƒ hnizm-k-hn-]-co-X-ß-fpsS i‡n-bmb Im‰Sn-®-Xn-

\m¬, A∂v Hm¿Ø-tUmIvkn (k-Xy-hn-izm-kw) ]tXyIw \n¿-h-Nn-°-

s∏-Sp-I-bpw-, thZ-hn-]-co-Xn-Iƒ apS-°-s∏-Sp-Ibpw sNbvXp. ]p\-ssc-Iy-

Øns‚ Cu Ime-L-´-Øn¬, Hm¿Ø-tUm-Ivknbpw Hm¿tØm-]m-Ivkn-

bp-amWp th≠n-bn-cn-°p-∂-Xv (]mIvkn -= Praxi = icn-bmb ]hrØn).

3. Hm¿Ø-tUmIvkn Fßs\ hf-cp∂p?

1961 ¬ \yqU¬ln-bn¬ h®p \S∂ W. C. C bpsS (A-Jn-e-temI

k`m Iu¨kn¬) aq∂mw temI Akw-ªn-bn¬ djy≥ Ko°p k -Iƒ

AwKXzw kzoI-cn-®p. AXn-\p-tijw Hm¿Ø-tUmIvkv k -IfpsS i_vZw

IqSp-X-embn tIƒ°-s∏´p sIm≠n-cp-∂-Xv, hnizm-khpw ] -Xzhpw kw_-

‘n® IΩoj\n-embncp∂p. 1982- ¬ eo-ambn¬ h®p ]kvXpX IΩo-

j≥ kzoI-cn-®, amtam-Zo-km, Ip¿_m-\, ]´Xzw, ]am-W-tcJ (B. E. M.Document) Hm¿Ø-tUm-Ivkn-bpsS kzcw kmc-ambn Dƒs°m-≈p-∂-

XmWv. IqSmsX \nJym hnizmk]am-WsØ-°p-dn®v Hcp ]pXnb ]T\w

39hnizm-k-Zo]vXn

AhnsS Bcw- n-®-Xpw, ssZhimkvX]-c-amb kw`m-h-\-bmIbm¬ \√

Hcp Im¬hbv]p Xs∂.

F∂m¬ Commission on World Mission and Evangelism (C. W. M.E.) Hm¿ØtUmIvkv k`-Iƒ BZy-Im-e-ß-fn¬ Ah-K-Wn-®n-cp-∂p

F¶nepw 1980˛¬ \S∂ sa¬t_m¨ IΩo-j≥ ao‰n-ßn¬ Hm¿Ø-

tUmIvkv ]Xn\n[nIƒ Imcy-ambn ]s¶-SpØp. Hm¿Ø-tUmIvkv k`

t]jn-X-ssN-X\yw Dƒs°m-≈p∂ k`-bm-sW∂p a\- n-em-°p-hm≥

CXp Imc-W-am-bn. 1870-˛¬ BWp djy≥ Hm¿Ø-tUmIvkv k` BZy-

ambn´v Hm¿Ø-tUmIvkv anj-\dn skmssk‰n D≠m-°p-Ibpw, F√m

]≈n-I-fnepw ]m¿∞-\bpw ]ncnhpw \S-Øp-hm≥ anj≥ Rmb¿ th¿Xncn-

°p-Ibpw sNbvXXv. ANn-tcW kp∂-l-tZm-kns‚ A\p-a-Xn-tbmSp IqSn

53 saXm-k-\ß-fn¬ imJ-Iƒ ÿm]n-°p-Ibpw sNbvXp. ae-¶c Hm¿Ø-

tUmIvkv k`bpw Ign™ \q‰m≠p apX¬ anj≥ ssNX\yw hf¿Øp-

hm≥ XpS-ßn-bn- p-≠v.

Bcm-[\ Ah-K-Wn-°msX Xs∂ ZuXy-t_m[w hf¿Øp-sa-¶n¬

Hm¿Ø-tUmIvkn AXn-t‚-Xmb kw`m-h\ a‰p k`-Iƒ°pw temI-

Øn\pw ]Zm\w sNøpw.

Xnhn[ hf¿® Hm¿Ø-tUmIvkv k -Iƒ°v D≠m-tI-≠n-bn-cn-°p∂p.

(1) B¥-co-b-ambn, (2) a‰p k`-I-fn-te-°v, (3) temI-Øn-te°v. CXv

H∂n\p ]ndsI H∂mbn D≠m-tI-≠-X√. Htc ka-bØv D≠m-bn-

cnt°≠ Poh-e-£-W-am-Wv. hnizmkw, Xe-apd Xe-apd ssIamdn

sISmsX R߃ kq£n°pw F∂ apZm-hmIyw hf¿®-bpsS Hcp -hiw

amX-am-Wv. a‰p k`-I-tfm-Sp≈ kao-]-\-Øn¬ Hm¿Ø-tUmIvkpIm¿

icn-bmb at\m- mhw ImWn-®n- pt≠m F∂p tNmZn-t°-≠n-bn-cn-°p-∂p.

Hm¿Ø-tUmIvkn A¥¿apJnbmsW∂pw, Bcm[\bn¬ amXw HXpßn

\n¬°p∂p F∂pw FIyp-sa-\n-°¬ Z¿i-\tam, anj-\-dn- ho-£-Wtam

C√m-Ø-Xm-sW∂pw a‰p≈-h¿ Ip‰w ]d-bp-∂p-≠v. Cßs\ Ip‰w ]d-bp-

∂-hsc ]p—n-°msX \mw kzbw Xncp-tØ-≠-XmWv. ]m¿∞\m PohnXw

F√m Xc-Øn-ep≈ hf¿®bv°pw ]cym-]vX-am-I-Ww. Hm¿Ø-tUmIvkn

\n›-e-am-ImsX Ne-\m-fl-IamI-Ww.

tNmZy-߃

1. Hm¿Ø-tUmIvkn Hcp k`-bn¬ amXw HXpßn \n¬°p-∂pthm?

AtXm hn -Pn-°-s∏´ k -I-fn¬ F√mw Dt≠m? DZmlcWk-lnXw

hni-Zo-I-cn-°p-I.

40 hnizm-k-Zo]vXn

2. ssIkvX-h-k-`-bnse ][m\ hn`m-K-߃ GsX√mw? B hn`m-K-

ß-fpsS ][m\ ]tXy-I-X-Iƒ hy‡-am-°pI?

3. Hm¿Ø-tUmIvkn F∂m¬ F¥v? AXns‚ ]q¿WX ]m]n-°p-

hm≥ \ΩpsS k -bn¬ C\nbpw Fs¥√mw sNøm-\p≠v?

]mTw 2

I¬°tZm\y kp∂ltZmkv

I¬°-tZm\y hnizm-k-]-amWw F¥p ]d™p? F¥psIm≠v

Cßs\ \n¿h-Nn®p? \ncq-]Ww ]pXnb A\p-c-RvP\ \n¿h-N\w

ae-¶ck`bpw a‰v Hmdn-b‚¬ Hm¿Ø-tUmIvkv k -Ifpw (tIm]v‰nIv

k`, At¥ym-Jy≥ kpdn-bm-\n-k`, A¿ao-\n-b≥ k`, FtXym]y≥ k`,

Fcn-Xn-b≥ k`) kzoI-cn-°mØ Hcp kp∂-l-tZm-kmWv 451˛¬ IqSnb

I¬°-tZm\y kp∂ltZmkv. Cu kp∂-ltZmkv tdmanse entbm ]m∏m-

bpsS hnP-b-am-bn-cp∂p. F∂m¬ k -bn¬ CXv henb ]nf¿∏p≠m°n.

Ae-Ivkm¥nb≥ InkvXpimkvXØns‚ Bgw C√m-Xn-cp∂ At¥ym-

Iy≥ InkvXp-imkvXw AhnsS hn-P-bn-®p. 325 F. Un. bn¬ \nJym-

bn¬ tbip-In-kvXp-hn-s\-°p-dn®v A\p-Iq-e-ambn ]d-™-Xn¬ IqSp-X-

embn H∂pw AhnsS ]d-™n-´n-√.

1. I¬°-tZm\y hnizm-k-]-amWw F¥p ]d™p?

entbm ]m∏mbpsS Tome (-henb KŸw) F∂-dn-b-s∏-Sp∂ ]kvXm-

h\ At±-l-Øns‚ ]Xn-\n-[nIƒ, Cu kp∂-ltZm-kn¬ IqSn ]nXm-

°-∑m-cp-sS-ta¬ ASn-t®¬∏n-°p-I-bm-bn-cp∂p. AXnse ][m-\-`mKw

Xmsg tN¿°p-∂p:

]cn-ip≤ ]nXm-°-∑msc ]n≥Xp-S¿∂p-sIm≠p R߃ F√m-hcpw

Htc kzc-Øn¬ \n¿h-Nn®v G‰p]d-bp-∂-Xv. GI-]p-X\pw \ΩpsS

I¿Øm-hp-am-Ip∂ tbip-InkvXp ssZh-Xz-Øn¬ ]q¿Æ\pw a\p-jy-Xz-

Øn¬ ]q¿Æ\pw bYm¿∞ ssZhhpw bYm¿∞ a\p-jy-\pw, kbp-‡nI

Bflmhpw PUhpw D≈-h\pw ssZh-Xz]-Imcw ]nXm-hns‚ AtX kmcmw-

i-hpw, a\p-jy-Xz-]-Imcw \ΩpsS AtX kmcmw-i-ap-≈-h\pw (B-Ip-∂p).

]m]-sam-gnsI \sΩ-t∏mse F√m ]Im-tc-Wbpw D≈-h\pw F√m Ime-

߃°pw- aptº ]nXm-hn¬ \n∂p ssZhn-I-]-Imcw P\n®h\pw, Cu

41hnizm-k-Zo]vXn

A¥y-ImeØp a\p-jy-]-Imcw \ap-°pw \ΩpsS c£bv°p-w th≠n

ssZh-]-k-hn-Xn-bmb I\yIadn-bm-an¬ \n∂p P\n-®-h-\pw Htc

InkvXphpw ]pX-\pw, I¿Ømhpw GI-Pm-X-\pw, k¶-e-\clnXambpw

hyXnbm\w- IqSmsXbpw mKn-°-s∏-Sm-sXbpw hn`n∂-amImsXbpw -c≠p

kz`m-hßfn¬ (ÿnXn sNøp-∂h\pamIp∂p). tbmPn-∏n-\m¬ kz`m-

h-ßfpsS hyXymkw Hcp-hn-[-Ønepw am‰-s∏-Sp-∂n-√. AtXk-a-bØv

Hmtcm kz`m-h-Øns‚ ]tXy-IX-Iƒ kq£n°s∏-Sp-Ibpw Hcp Bf-

Ø-Øn¬ Hcpan®ptNcp-I-bpw sNøp-∂p. AXm-bXv, c≠v Bf-Øambn

hn -Pn-°-s∏-Sp-Itbm th¿Xncn°pItbm sNøp∂n√. Aßs\ Htc Hcp

GI-Pm-X-\mb ]pX\pw, Znhy-h-N-\-hpw, I¿Øm-hp-am-Ip∂ tbip-

InkvXp BIp-∂p. Bcw`w apX¬ ]hm-N-I-∑m¿ Xs∂-°p-dn®p ]kvXm-

hn-°p-Ibpw I¿Øm-th-ip-InkvXp ]Tn-∏n-°p-Ibpw ]cn-ip≤ ]nXm-°-

∑m-cpsS hnizm-k-]-amWw ]t£]Ww sNøpIbpw sNbvXXpt]mse

Xs∂ (Latourette K. S. cit. pp. 171 f).

2. F¥p-sIm≠v Cßs\ \n¿h-Nn®p?

ta¬ D≤-cn-®n-cn-°p∂ \n¿h-N-\-Ønse \mep- \n-tj-[-I-amb hm°p-

Iƒ Nne hnizm-k-hn-]-co-X-߃s°-Xn-sc-bp-≈hbmWv.

(1) k¶-e\c-lnXw F∂p ]d-™n-cn-°p-∂Xv, bqØn-t°m-kn-s\-Xn-

cmWv. Fs¥-∂m¬ InkvXp-hns‚ a\p-jyXzw ssZh-Øn-te°p tN¿∂p-

t]mbn F∂v At±lw ]Tn-∏n-®p.

(2) hyXn-bm\w IqSmsX F∂p ]d-bp-∂-Xv, As∏m-√-t\-cn-b-kn\v

FXn-cm-bn- m-Wv. InkvXp-hns‚ am\p-jnI a\ ns‚ (Nous) ÿm\Øp

temtKmkv Bbn-cp-s∂∂v At±lw ]Tn-∏n-®p.

(3, 4) mKn-°-s∏-Sm-sXbpw hn`n-∂X IqSm-sXbpw F∂ c≠p hm°p-

Iƒ, s\kvtXm-dn-s\-Xn-sc-bm-Wv. ImcWw s\kvtXm-dn-bkv, th¿Xncn-

°-s∏´ c≠p kz`m-h-ß-sf-°p-dn®p ]Tn-∏n-®p. F∂m¬ c≠p kz`m-h-

ß-fn¬ F∂ ]Z-]-tbmKw ]iv\-Im-c-W-ambn.

3. \ncq-]Ww

c≠p kz`m-h-ß-fn¬ (in two natures) F∂ ]Z-]-tbmKw kzoIm-cy-

a-√. AXp s\kvtXm-dns‚ thZ-hn-]-co-X-tØmSv ASpØ ]Z-]-tbm-K-am-

Wv. bYm¿∞-Øn¬ s\kvtXm-dnb thZhn-]-coXØns\Xncmbn Fgp-

Xnb mKn°-s∏Sm-sXbpw hn`Pn-°-s∏-Sm-sXbpw F∂ hm°p-Isf CXp

\nc¿∞-I-am-°p-∂p.

42 hnizm-k-Zo]vXn

IqSmsX Htc BfØw c≠p kz`m-h-ß-fn¬ ÿnXnsNøp-∂Xv

Kln°pI ]bmkamWv. s\kvtXm¿ ]Tn∏n®Xpt]mse, tbip InkvXp

Ddßn-b-t∏mƒ a\p-jy-\pw, Im‰n-s\bpw IS-en-s\bpw imkn-®-t∏mƒ

ssZh-hp-am-bn-cp-s∂∂p ]d-™m¬ Hcp Bf-Ø-Øn¬Øs∂ `n∂-X-

bm-b-t√m. as‰mcp DZml-cWw ]d-™m¬ emk-dns‚ I√-d-°¬h®p

IÆo¿ hm¿Ø-t∏mƒ a\p-jy-\pw, emk-dns\ Db¿∏n-®-t∏mƒ ssZh-hp-

am-bn-cp-s∂∂p ]d-bpI ]bm-k-am-Wv. c≠p kz`m-h-ß-fn¬ \n∂v (fromtwo natures) F∂p ]d-™m¬ ]bm-k-an-√. Ae-Ivkm¥nb≥ ]nXm-

°-∑m¿ AXmWp ]d-™n-cp∂Xv. ]q¿Æ a\p-jy-Xzhpw ]q¿W ssZh-

Xzhpw tN¿∂ GI Bf-Ø-sa-∂m-Wv, Hmdn-b‚¬ Hm¿ØtUmIvkv k -

Iƒ ]Tn-∏n-°p-∂-Xv. Ae-Ivkm-¥n-bm-bnse Iqdn-temkv ]Tn-∏n®Xv, Ah-

X-cn® hN-\-amb ssZh-Øns‚ GI- P-U[m-c-W-kz`mhw (one incar-nate nature of God the word) F∂mWv.

4. ]p-Xnb A\p-c-RvP\ \n¿h-N\w

1971 sk]v‰w-_¿ 7 apX¬ 11 hscbpw XpS¿∂v 1973 epw 75 epw 77- epw

hnb-∂m-bn¬ h®p tdma≥ ItØmen°mk`bnse GXm\pw ssZh-im-

kv X⁄-∑m -cpw , Hmdn -b‚¬ Hm¿ØtUmIvkv k`Ifnse

ssZhimkvX⁄∑mcpw tN¿∂v, Cu hnj-b-Øn¬ 4 ]mhiyw ]T\w

\S-Øn. AXn¬ aq∂n¬ Cu KŸ-Im-c\pw D≠m-bn-cp-∂p. X¬ -e-ambn

Ccpkz`mhhmZan√mØ Hcp ]kvXmh\ ]ckv]ckΩX-tØmsS 1971˛¬

Cd-°p-I-bp-≠m-bn. AXnse ]k-‡- mKw D≤-cn-°p∂p: ""s]mXp-hmb

At∏m-kvtXm-enI ]mc-º-cy-Ønepw hninjym, \nJy-m-bnepw Ipkv-X-¥o-

t\m-t]m-eoknepw h®v cq]-sa-SpØ hnizm-k-]-am-W-Øn-epw, R߃

s]mXp-hmb ASn-ÿm\w ImWp-∂p. \nJy (325), IpkvX-¥o-t\m-t]m-

eokv (381), Fs∏-kqkv (431) F∂o Iu¨kn-ep-I-fpsS tUm‹m-‰n°v

(hn-izmk-]-c-amb) Xocpam-\߃ R߃ Ghcpw G‰p]d-bp∂p. tbip-

In-kvXphns\°pdn®p s\kvtXm-dn-tbmkpw Fhp-Øn-°qkpw FSpØ

\ne-]m -Sp -Iƒ R߃ X≈n-°-f -bp -∂p. CXp -hsc Rßsf

th¿]ncn®psIm≠ncp∂ I¬°tZm\y I¬°-tZm-t\y-X-c, InkvXp-im-

kvX-ß-sf-°p-dn®p IqSp-X¬ Bg-ambn a\- nem-°p-hm≥ R߃ ian®p.

ssZh-Xz-Øn¬ ]q¿W\pw a\p-jy-Xz-Øn¬ ]q¿W-\p-am-b, RßfpsS

I¿Ømhpw c£n-Xm-hp-amb tbip-In-kvXp, ssZh-]p-Xs‚ a\p-jym-h-

Xm-c-am-sW∂p R߃ hniz-kn-°p-∂p. Xs‚ ssZhXzw a\p-jy-Xz-tØmSv

Hcp \nan-jtam IÆn-abv°pwt\cw- t]m-ep-tam, th¿]n-cn-™n-cp-∂n-√. k¶-

e-\w -Iq-Sm-sXbpw, hyXn-bm-\w- Iq-Sm-sXbpw, mKn-°-s∏-Sm-sXbpw, hn`n-

43hnizm-k-Zo]vXn

∂-X -Iq-Sm-sX-bpw tbip-In-kvXp-hn¬ ssZhXzw a\p-jy-Xz-tØmSv H∂m-

bn-cn-°p-∂p-. R߃°p s]mXp-hmbn GI I¿Ømhmb tbip-In-kvXp-

hn-ep≈ hnizm-k-Øn¬, Ahs‚ clkyw Xocm-Ø-Xpw, ]d-™-dn-bn-

°p-hm≥ hln-bm-Ø-Xpw, a\pjy a\- n\v Hcn-°epw ]q¿Æ-ambn Kln∏m-

t\m, ]d-bp-hmt\m hln-bm-Ø-Xp-am-sW∂p ]cn-K-Wn-°p-∂p.

tdma≥ ItØm-en°mk` Cu kao-]\w HutZym-Kn-I-ambn kzoI-

cn®p Ign-™p. AXpt]mse Ko°p k`bnse ssZhimkvX⁄∑m¿

CXn¬ kw_-‘n-®n-cp-∂n-s√-¶n-epw, B k`bpw ]n∂oSv CXp kzoI-

cn®p. Cu c≠p k -Iƒ°pw Hmdn-b‚¬ k -I-fpsS hmZ-KXn X≈m-hp-

∂-X-√. I¬°-tZm\y kp∂-l-tZm-kn¬ Hmdn-b‚¬ k -Iƒ kw_‘n-

°m-Xn-cp-∂-Xn\p \ymb-amb ImcWw Ds≠∂pw A-h¿°dnbmw.

tNmZy-߃

1. \mepw A©pw \q‰m-≠p-I-fnse thZ-hn-]-co-X-߃ hnh-cn-°pI

2. I¬°-tZm\y kp∂ltZmkns‚ shfn®Øn¬ Ccpkz`mhhmZ-

Øns‚ _e-lo-\X ImWn-°p-I.

3. hnb-∂m-bn¬ hnfn®pIq´nb \mep I¨k¬t -js‚ \nK-a-\-ßfpsS

]m[m\yw Ipdn-°p-I.

]mTw 3

c≠mw \nJym -hsc

IpkvX-¥o-t\m-t]m-eo-knse c≠mw kp∂-l-tZmkv IpkvX-¥o-t\m-

t]m-eo-knse aq∂mw kp∂-l-tZmkv \nJym-bnse c≠mw kp∂-l-

tZmkv (787)

I¬°-tZm\y kp∂ltZmkv (451) IpkvX-¥o-t\m-t∏m-eo-knse c≠mw

kp∂-l-tZm-kv (553), IpkvX-¥o-t\m-t∏m-eo-knse aq∂mw kp∂-l-tZmkv

(680- 681), \nJym-bnse c≠mw kp∂-ltZm-kv (787) F∂o \mep kp∂-

l-tZm-kp-Iƒ tdma≥ ItØm-en°mk`bpw Ko°p k -Ifpw AwKo-I-

cn-°p-∂p. Hmdn-b‚¬ k`-Iƒ Ahsb AwKo-I-cn-°p-∂n-√. tdma≥

ItØm-en°m k` Chbv°pw ]pdsa 14 kp∂ltZm-kp-Ifpw AwKo-I-

cn-°p-∂p-. Aßs\ Ah¿°v BsI 21 kp∂-l-tZm-kp-Iƒ D≠v. GXm-

44 hnizm-k-Zo]vXn

bmepw BZysØ aq∂p kp∂-l-tZm-kp-Iƒ°p≈ ]m[m\yw ]n∂oSp-

≈hbv°v Cs√∂v F√m k -Ifpw kΩ-Xn-°p-∂p≠v.

1. IpkvX-¥o-t\m-t∏m-eo-knse c≠m-w kp∂-l-tZmkv (553)

CXp hnfn-®pIq´nbXp PÃn-\n-b≥ NI-h-¿Ønbm-Wv. a]vkpÃnbm-

bnse XotbmtUm¿, sskdknse Xntbm-tUm-d-‰v, FtU- m-bnse

C_mkv F∂n-h¿ Fgp-Xnb aq∂v A≤ym-b-߃, Ae-Ivkm-¥n-bm-bnse

Iqdntemkn\v FXncmbn FgpXnbhbmbncp∂p. Ae-Ivkm-¥n-

b°mcpsS t]c-Wbv°p hiw-hZ\m-bn- m-Wv, NIh¿Øn Cu kp∂-l-

tZmkv hnfn-®pIq- n-b-Xv. ta¬]-d™ aq∂v A≤ym-b-߃ F∂ ]am-W-

tcJsb Ip‰s∏Sp-ØpIbpw, AhbpsS KŸ-I¿Øm°fm-bn-cp∂ aq∂p-

t]-scbpw i]n-°p-Ibpw sNbvXp. H∏n´ 165 _nj-∏-∑m-cn¬ an°-hcpw

Ing-°≥ k`mw-K-߃ Bbn-cp-∂p. A∂sØ ]m∏m Bbn-cp∂ hnPn-en-

bkv a]vk-Ãn-bm-bnse Xotbm-tUm-dns\ i]n-°p-I-bn-s√∂p \n¿_‘w

]nSn-®p. HSp-hn¬ Cu kp∂-l-tZm-kns‚ Xocp-am-\-߃ At±lw kzoI-

cn-t°≠n h∂p. Cu kp∂-l-tZm-kn¬ Hcp Imt\m≥ t]mepw D≠m-

bn√.

2. IpkvX-¥o-t\m-t]m-eo-knse aq∂mw kp∂-l-tZmkv

(680˛681)

IpkvX-¥o-t\mkv IV -NI-h¿Øn-bmWv CXp hnfn-®p-Iq-´n-b-Xv.

tamtWm-sX-√-‰nkw (monotheletism) F∂ ]Tn-∏n°ens\-Xn-cm-bn- mWv

CXv IqSn-b-Xv. tbip-In-kvXp-hn\v Htc C—m-i‡n amXta D≠m-bn-cp-

∂p≈p F∂mWp tamtWm-sX-√-‰n-k-Øn¬ ]d-bp-∂-Xv. Cu D]-tZ-isØ

ASn-ÿm-\-am°n At¥ym-Iy≥ ]mXn-b¿°okv a°m-dn-tbm-kns\bpw,

At∏mƒ Ime-b-h-\n-I-bv°p-≈n-em-bn-cp∂ tdmanse slmtWm-dn-bkv

]m∏-sbbpw, Cu kp∂-l-tZmkv X≈n-°-f-™p. Ae-Ivk-¥n-bm-bn-

sebpw At¥ymIybnsebpw ]mXnb¿°ok∑mcpsS Iognep≈ _nj-

∏-∑m-cmWp an°-hmdpw CXn¬ kw_-‘n-®Xv.

Cu kp∂ltZmkns‚ Xocpam\a\pkcn®v c≠v C—m-i-‡nIƒ

(ssZh-XzØn-s‚bpw a\p-jy-Xz-Øn-s‚bpw) XΩn¬ kz`m-h-Øn-ep≈

(nature) tbmPn-∏n-√m-bn-cp-∂p. Ah XΩn¬ k∑m¿KnI tbmPnt∏ (moralunion) D≠m-bn-cp-∂p-≈p. Cu Xocp-am\w a\p-jym-h-Xm-c-Ønse GI

Bf-ØsØ tNmZyw sNøp-∂-Xm-Wv. ssZh-Øns‚ a\- n\p a\p-jy-a-

\ v ]q¿Wambn ka¿∏n-°p∂Xn\m¬ Hcp a\-s t∂m (C—) c≠p

a\-s t∂m ]d-bm-sX, ssZh-]q¿W-Xbpw a\p-jy-]q¿W-Xbpw D≈

45hnizm-k-Zo]vXn

tbip-In-kvXp-hns‚ ssZh- a-\p-jy-a-\-s ∂p ]d-tb-≠-Xm-bn-cp∂p. AXn-

\m¬ kp∂-l-tZmkv Xocp-am\w A¿≤-kXyw Dƒs°m-≈p-∂p.

Hcp Imt\m\pw CXn¬ D≠m-bn-√. I¬°-tZm\y kp∂-l-tZm-kns‚

Hcp Bh¿Ø-\-am-bn-cp∂p CXv.

3. \nJymbnse c≠mw kp∂-l-tZmkv (787)

sFdn\n (Irene) NI-h¿Øn-\n-bmWv CXp hnfn-®p-Iq- n-b-Xv. IpkvX-

¥o-t\m-t]m-eo-knse Xdm-kn-bXv ]mXn-b¿°okns‚ Xm¬∏-cy-]Im-

c-amWp hnfn®pIq´n-b-Xv. IqSn-bXv \nJym-bnse tkm^n-bm ]≈n-bnepw.

NnX-ßfpw sFt°m-Wp-Ifpw (B-cm-[-\-bv°mbn D≠m-°p∂ ]tXyI

Xc-Øn-ep≈ NnX-߃) ]Xn-a-Ifpw D]-tbm-Kn-°p-∂-Xn\v A\p-Iq-e-am-

bn-cp∂p Cu kp∂-l-tZm-kns‚ Xocp-am-\-߃. ]c-aamb A-cm-[\ (latria)ssZh-Øn\p amX-am-Wv. F∂m¬ `mKn-I-amb _lp-am\w ]cn-ip-≤-

∑m¿°v sFt°m¨ hgn \¬Im-sa-∂pw, AXpw A¥na-ambn ssZh-Øn-

\p≈ _lpam\amsW∂pw Xocp-am-\n®p. sFt°m¨ ths≠∂p ]d-

bp-∂-hsc i]n-°p-Ibpw sNbvXp. kw_-‘n® F√m _nj-∏-∑m-cpw

kp∂-l-tZm-kns‚ UnIn-bn¬ H∏p-h-®p.

sFt°m-Wn\v A\p-Iq-e-amb Xocp-am\w t\csØ lodnb kp∂-l-

tZm-kn¬ D≠m-b-XmWv (Synod of Hiera). 786- ¬ IpkvX-¥o-t\m-t∏m-eo-

knse At∏m-kvtXm-enI tZhm-e-b-Øn-¬, kp∂-l-tZmkv IqSn-sb-¶nepw

]´m-f-°m¿ AXns\ ]cm-P-b-s∏-Sp-Øn-bn-cp-∂p.

A®-S-°-kw-_‘amb 22 Imt\m-\mIƒ ]m m-°n. ]´w sImS-bn¬

]Ww hmßp∂ iotam-\y-]m]w \ntcm[n®p. ]ptcm-ln-X-∑m¿ _nj-∏-

∑m-cpsS A\p-hm-Zw -Iq-SmsX `Zm-k\w hnS-cp-Xv. ]ptcm-ln-X-∑m¿

efnXPohnXw \bn-°-Ww. saXm-t∏m-eo-Ø≥Ac-a-\-I-fn¬ kvXo-Iƒ

Xma-kn-°-cpXv F∂o \n›-b-ßfpw AXn-ep-≠m-bn.

4, 5, 6, 7 kp∂-l-tZm-kp-I-fn¬ Hmdn-b‚¬ k`Iƒ kw_-‘n-®n-cp-

∂n-s√-∂p-≈-Xn-\m¬ Ah-bpsS Xocp-am-\-߃ Cu k -Isf _m[n-°p-

∂-X-√. 4˛masØ kp∂-l-tZm-kn¬ "c≠p kz`m-h-ß-fn¬' F∂pw "c≠p-

kz-`m-h-ß-fn¬ \n∂' F∂pw Hcp A`n]mbhy-Xymkta-bp≈p. AXn-

\m¬ 4˛mw Iu¨kn¬ Hcp X¿°-Øn\p hnj-b-am°msX hnizm-k-

Øns‚ sFIy-X-bn¬ hcn-I-bmWv Bh-iyw.

]p\-ssc-Iy-Øn-\p≈ \n¿t±-i-߃

1. AwKoIcn°p∂ kp∂-l-tZm-kpIfpsS FÆØn\p am‰w hcp-

46 hnizm-k-Zo]vXn

tØ≠. AXmbXv Hmdn-b‚¬ k`-Iƒ°v 3, Ko°p k`-Iƒ°v

7, tdma≥ ItØm-en-°¿°v 21.

2. C\n km¿h-XnI kp∂-l-tZmkv IqSp-∂p F-¶n¬ AXns\ 4˛m

atØ-sX-t∂m, 8˛matØ-sX-t∂m, 22-˛matØ-sXt∂m ]d-bp-∂-

Xn-\p≈ kzmX-¥yap-≠mbn-cn°p-I.

3. ]c-kv]cw i]n-°p-∂Xv Hgn-hm-°p-I. entbm ]m∏msb i]n-

°p-∂Xv Hdnb‚¬ k`-I-fpw, Zob-kvtIm-tdm-kns\ i]n-°p-

∂Xp Ko°p tdma≥ k -Ifpw Hgn-hm-°p-I.

4. CXp-hsc i]n-®n-cp∂ ]nXm-°-∑msc ]cn-ip-≤-∑m-cmbn AwKo-

I-cn-°p-∂-Xn\p \n¿_-‘n-°m-Xn-cn-°p-I. DZm. entbm ]m∏m,

Zob-kvtIm-tdm-kv.

5. hnizm-kw, ]´-Xzw, IqZm-i-Iƒ Chbn¬ sFIyX D≠m-hWw.

tbmPn-∏ns‚ Nn”w tdmam-]m-∏m-bm-sW∂ hmZw ]cn-Xy-Pn-°pI.

6. ]mtZinI k -Iƒ°p kzmX¥yhpw (autonomy) kzbw io¿j-

I-Xzhpw (autocephaly) kΩ-Xn-°p-I.

7. am¿]m-∏m-bv°v a‰p k`mXe-h-∑m-cpsS CS-bn¬ ka-∑m-cn¬

H∂m-a-s\∂ ÿm\w D≠m-bn-cn-°pI (primus interpares).]¥≠p «ol-∑m-cn¬ ]tXmkv «olmbv°v D≠m-bn-cp∂

H∂mw ÿm\w t]mse.

tNmZy-߃

1. \nJym-bnse c≠mw kp∂ltZmkv, sFt°m¨ kw_-‘n®v

FSpØ Xocp-am\w \ncq-]-W-hn-t[b-am-°p-I.

2. k -I-fpsS ]p\-sscIy km≤y-X-Iƒ hne-bncpØp-I.

3. tdma≥ ]m∏mbpsS ÿm\w ]tXmknt‚-Xpt]mse k`-bv°p-

≈ntem InkvXp-hnt‚-Xp-t]mse k -bv°-Xo-Xtam?

47hnizm-k-Zo]vXn

]mTw 4

Ing°pw ]Sn-™m-dp-ambp≈ ]nf¿∏v

]nf¿∏n-\p≈ Imc-W-߃ ]p\-ssc-Iy- km-≤yX

1054˛emWv Ing°pw ]Sn-™m-dp-ap≈ k -Iƒ XΩn¬ ]nf¿∏p-≠mbXv.

entbm IX ma≥ ]m-∏m-bpsS ]Xn-\n[nkwLw Im¿Un\mƒ lpw_¿-

´ns‚ t\Xr-Xz-Øn¬ IpkvX-¥ot\mt]meo-kn-te°p t]mbn. Ahn-

SsØ i‡-\mb ssa°¬ skdp-te-dn-bkv ]mXn-b¿°o-kns\ ]m∏m-

bpsS A[o-\-X-bn¬ sIm≠p-h-cp-∂-Xn-\mWp t]mbXv. B ]cn-iaw hnP-

bn-®n-√. B ka-bØv ]m∏m Imew sNbvXn-cn-°-bm-bn-cp∂p. AXn-\m¬

lpw_¿´v ]mXn-b¿°o-kns\ apS-°p-∂-Xm-sbmcp Iev]\ Fgp-Xn

tkm^nb IØo-U-ens‚ tXmWmkn¬ h®n-´v, ]mW-c-£m¿∞w

tdmante°p aS-ßnt∏m-bn. ]mXn-b¿°okm-Is´ DS≥ kp∂-l-tZmkv

hnfn-®p-Iq- n, lpw_¿´n-s\bpw ]m∏m-bpsS ]Xn-\n-[n-I-sfbpw apS-°n.

1. ]nf¿∏n-\p≈ Imc-W-߃

1. ]m∏mbpsS ]cam[nImcØn¬ AXoh -X¬]c\mbncp∂

lpw_¿ v, ]mXn-b¿°o-kns\ apS°n.

2. Xe-ÿm\w tdma-bn¬ \n∂pw IpkvX-¥ot\mt]meo-kn-te°p

am‰n-b-Xn-\m¬ IpkvX¥ot\m-t∏meoknse ]mXnb¿°o-kn-

\mWp tdmanse ]m∏m-bv°√ ka∑mcn¬ H∂mas\∂ ÿm\w

th≠-sX∂p hniz-kn® Bfm-bn-cp∂p skdptednbkv ]mXn

b¿°okv. At±lw i‡nam\pw, P\]oXnbp≈h\pambn

cp∂p. AXn-\m¬ At±lw ]m∏mbpsS ]Xn\n[n kwL-

sØbpw lpw_¿´n-s\bpw apS°n-b-t∏mƒ, Ing°-≥ k`bpsS

apgph≥ ]n¥pWbpw At±lØn\p e`n®p.

3. entbm 9˛ma≥, ss_k‚-bn≥ (IpkvX-¥o-t\m-t]m-eo-knse)

k`sb eØo≥ kwkvIm-cØnte°p sIm≠phcp∂Xn\p

ian-®p. CXpw FXn¿∏n\p hI \¬In.

4. ]c-am-[n-Im-c-Ø-e-h-\n¬ k`-bpsS sFIyw ImWp∂ ]m›m-

Xy-k-`bpw, At∏m-kvtXm-e-∑m-cpsS Iq´p-Ø-ch-mZnØ-Øn¬

(collegiality) hniz-kn-°p∂ Ing-°≥k-`bpw XΩn¬, Hcp ]ncn-

®n¬ D≠m-ImsX \nhr-Øn-bn-√m-bn-cp-∂p.

5. cl-kym-fl-I-amb (mystic) Ing-°≥ k`-I-fpsS hnizm-khpw

48 hnizm-k-Zo]vXn

kwkvIm-chpw (orthodox ethos), \nbam[njvTnXamb (legalis-tic) ]m›mXyk`-bpsS kz`m-hhpw Hcp-an®p sIm≠p-t]m-IpI

t¢i-I-c-am-Wv. Ch c≠pw-IqsS Hcp-an®p sIm≠p-t]m-Ip-hm≥

]m∏m-am¿t°m ]mXn-b¿°o-k-∑m¿t°m km[n-®n-√.

6. "^nentbm-s°'- t¢mkv (]p-X-\n¬ \n∂pw ]cn-ipZv-[m-flmhv ]pd-

s∏-Sp∂p F∂ hmN-Iw) hnizm-k-]-am-W-tØmSp Iq´n-t®¿ØXv

hnizm-k-Ønse hyXn-N-e-\-ambn Ing-°≥ k -Iƒ Nn¥n-®p.

7. Xp¿°n-Iƒ IpkvX-¥ot\mt]meo-kns\ BI-an-®-t∏mƒ, NI-

h¿Øntbm ]m∏mtbm H∂pw ]h¿Øn-®n-√.

2. ]p\-sscIy km≤yX

am\p-j-co-Xnbn¬ Nn¥n-®m¬ ]p\-ssc-Iy-Øn\p km≤yX hfsc Ipd-

hm-Wv. F∂m¬ 20- mw \q‰m-≠n¬ AXn-\p≈ Nne Bcw- -߃ D≠m-bn-

´p-≠v.

1963 P\p-hcn amkw ]utemkv Bdma≥ ]m∏mbpw FIyp-sa-\n-°¬

]mXn-b¿°okv AY-s\-tKm-dkpw XΩn¬, bcp-i-te-an¬ h®p ]c-kv]cw

Bt«-jn-®-Xv Hcp \√ Im¬h-bv∏m-bn-cp-∂p. 1962-˛1965 ImeØp \S∂

c≠mw hØn-°m≥ Iu¨kn-en¬ \nco-£-I-cmbn Hm¿ØtUm-Ivkp-

Im¿ kw_-‘n-®p.

1964-˛¬ tdmUvkv (Rhodes) ¬ h®p \S-Ønb Hm¿Ø-tUmIvkv

I¨k¬t -js‚ Xocp-am-\w, tdma≥ ItØm-en°m k -bp-ambn ssZh-

im-kvX-]-c-amb FIyp-sa-\n-°¬ kw`m-j-Ww, c≠mw hØn-°ms\

XpS¿∂p \S-Ø-W-sa-∂m-bn-cp-∂p. c≠mw hØn-°m≥ 1054 se ]nf¿∏n-

s\-°p-dn-®p≈ ZpxJw tcJ-s∏-Sp-Øn.

1. Hcn-°¬ ioiva-bp≠m-bm¬ c≠p ]m¿´nbpw ioiva-bn-em-sW∂

XXzw, AJn-e-temI k`m Iu¨knens‚ 1961-˛se U¬ln-

Akw_vfnbn-¬ Ko°v Hm¿Ø-tUmIvkv ssZh-im-kvX-⁄-

\mb s]m -k¿ \n n-tbm- o-kv D∂bn°pIbp≠mbn. X∑qew

Ko°pk` ]m›mXyk`bn¬ ebn°-W-sa-t∂m, ]m›mXyk`

Ko°pk`bn¬ ebn-°-W-sat∂m hmZn-°p-∂Xp _men-i-amWv

F∂p amX-a√ Cu hmZw c≠mw hØn-°ms‚ t\´-ßsf Xnc-

kv°-cn-°pIbpw sNøpw.

2. ]q¿W-X, InkvXp-hns‚ ico-c-amb k`-bn-em-Wv. B ]q¿WX

]cn-ip-≤mfl ]h¿Ø\Øm¬ icn-bmb hnizm-khpw, ]´-

49hnizm-k-Zo]vXn

Xzhpw IqZm-i-Ifpw D≈ F√m k`Ifp-sSbpw hn. Ip¿_m-\-

bn¬ D≠v. AXp `n∂n-®n-cn-°p∂ k`bn¬ Zriy-a-√. AXn-

\m¬ tbm-Pn-∏n-\m-bp≈ t]c-W-bn¬ XpS-c-Ww.

3. ]m∏mbpsS ta[mhnXz a\xÿnXn am‰Ww. ]m∏mbpsS BtKm

fm-[n-Im-cw, A]-am-Zn-Øw, ]c-am-[n-Imcw Ch thZ-]p-kvX-Im-

[n-jvTn-X-a-s√-∂pw, BZn-ak-`-bn¬ Ch C√m-bn-cp-∂p-sh-∂pw,

hkvXp-\n-jvT-amb ]T-\w- sIm≠p sXfn™p Ign-™Xm-sW-

¶nepw Ah Dt]-£n-®n- n√.

4. Hm¿Ø-tUmIvkv k -I-fpw, tdma≥ ItØm-en°m k -bpw, s]m

´-Â v k`Ifpw XΩn¬, ss_em‰dembpw (c≠p Iq´¿

XΩn¬) aƒ´nem‰dembpw (]e Iq´¿ XΩn¬) kw`m-j-W-

߃ XpS-tc-≠n-bn-cn-°p-∂p. AJn-e-temI k`m Iu¨kn¬

CXn-\p-XIp∂ t\Xr-Xzhpw kml-N-cyhpw IqSpXembn D]-

tbm-Kn-t°-≠Xm-Wv.

5. ssZh-im-kvX-]-c-a-√mØ ]eXpw, tdma≥ ItØm-en°m

k`sbbpw Hm¿Ø-tUmIvkv k`-I-sfbpw XΩn¬ AI‰n \n¿

Øn-bn-cn-°p-∂p. Ah-bn¬ ][m-\am-bh cmjvSob-hpw, kmº-

Øn-Ihpw kmwkvIm-cn-I-hpw, h¿Ko-b-hp-amb hyXym-k-ß-fmWv.

Chbv°p ]cn-lmcw Is≠ØWw.

ta¬]-d™ hyXym-k-߃ c≠mw hØn-°m≥ kp∂-ltZm-kn-\p-

tijw Ipd™p hcp-∂p-≠v. Xpd∂ a\-t msS ssZh-im-kvX-⁄-∑m¿

N¿® \SØnbm¬ sX‰p-Iƒ XncpØphm\pw ]p\sscIyw km≤y-am-

Im\pw CS-bp-≠v.

tNmZy-߃

1. 1054- ¬ k -bn¬ D≠mb ]ncn-®n-ens‚ Imc-W-߃ Gh?

2. Cu ]nf¿∏v am‰m≥ Ccp-`m-KØpw D≠m-tI≠ am‰-߃ hnh-cn-

°pI.

3. k -bpsS sFIyw GsX-¶nepw H∂n-te-°p≈ ]p\-ssc-Iytam ]cn-

ip-≤m-flmhp \bn-°p∂ ]q¿Æ-X-bn-te-°p≈ ]ptcm-K-Xntbm? hne-

bn-cp-Øp-I.

50 hnizm-k-Zo]vXn

]mTw 5

Hmdn-b‚¬ k -Ifpw

ss_k‚-bn≥ k -Ifpw

Hmdn-b‚¬ k`-Ifpw ss_k‚-bn≥ k`-Ifpw XΩn-ep≈ kmay-߃

hyXym-k-߃ ]p\-sscIy ]Xn-_-‘-߃

IpkvX-¥o-t\mkv NI-h¿Øn-bpsS ImeØp IpkvX-¥o-t\m-t]m-

eokv F∂p t]cp \¬Inb ]´Ww, AXn-\p-apºp ss_k‚n-bw F∂

t]cn-emWv Adn-b-s∏-´n-cp-∂-Xv. Ct∏mƒ AXns‚ t]cv CuÃmw-_pƒ

F∂m-Wv. 565-˛¬ PÃo\n-b≥ NIh¿Øn Imew -sN-bvXXp apX¬

1453˛¬ Xp¿°n-Iƒ IpkvX-¥o-t\m-t]m-eokv ]nSn-®-S-°n-b-Xp -hsc IpkvX-

¥o-t\m-t]m-eoknt\mSp _‘-s∏- n-cp∂ k -Isf ss_k‚-bn≥ k -

I-sf∂p hnfn-°p-∂p.

djy≥k` Ko°pk`bpsS ]pXok`bmbXn\m¬, djy≥k` Ko°v

Hm¿Ø-tUmIvkv k -IfpsS KWØnem-Wv.

Hmdn-b‚¬ k -Ifpw ss_k‚-bn≥ k`Ifpw Ing-°≥ k -I-sf∂

s]mXp-t]-cn¬ Adnbs∏-Sp-∂p.

Hmdn-b‚¬ k`-Iƒ

FtXym]y≥ k`, tIm]v‰nIv k`, A¿Ωo-\n-b≥ k`, ae-¶ck`,

kn-dn-b≥ k`, Fdn-Xn-b≥ k` (1991-˛¬ FtXym-]y≥ cmPyw c≠mbn

hn -Pn-®-Xns‚ e-ambn Fdn-Xn-b≥ k` cq]w sIm≠p).

ss_k‚-bn≥ k`-Iƒ

-djy≥ k , dqta-\n-b≥ k , Ko°p-k- , bqtKm-t…-hy≥ k , _pƒtK-

dn-b≥ k`, tPm¿Pn-b≥ k`, sa¬ss°-‰v, A¬t_-\n-b≥ k`.

I¬Zmb k`

F. Un. 431 se Ft^-kqkv kp∂-l-tZmkv \n›-b-ßsf FXn¿-

°p∂ kpdn-bm\n ]mc-º-cy-ap≈ I¬Zmb k`, _mKvZm-Znepw tIc-f-

Øn¬ Xriqcpw Hs° sNdnb Iq -ambn Ct∏mgpw \ne-hn-ep≠v. Ah-cp-

ambpw a‰p k`-Iƒ kulrZ sFIy kw`m-j-W-ß-fn¬ G¿s∏-tS-≠-

Xp≠v.

Cu k -I-fn¬ \ns∂√mw tdma≥ ItØm-en°m k -bn-te°v Bfp-

Iƒ tN¿∂p bqWn-b‰p (do-Øp) k`-I-fmbn XpS-cp-∂p.

51hnizm-k-Zo]vXn

1. Hmdn-b‚¬ k`-Ifpw ss_k‚-bn≥ k`-Ifpw

XΩn-ep≈ kmay-߃

Hm¿Ø-tUmIvkv k -I-sf-°pdn®p s]mXpe-£W-ßfmbn t\csØ

]d-™n-cn-°p-∂h t\m°p-I. Xmsg ]dbp∂hbpw kmay-ß-fmWv.

GI Xe-h-s‚ -Io-gn¬ F∂ coXn-b-√, ]ns∂tbm ]mtZ-inI Xe-h-

∑m-cpsS Iogn¬ Iq´p-Ø-c-hm-Zn-Xz-ap≈ k`m kp∂-l-tZmkv Hm¿Ø-

tUmIvkv k`-Isf cn°p∂p.

_njt∏m At±-l-Øns‚ hnIm-cntbm hn. Ip¿_m\ A¿∏n-°p-∂n-

SØp k`-bpsS imJtbm `mKtam A√, k` apgp-h-\mbn Ds≠∂p

hniz-kn-°p∂p.

Aflm-b-°m¿°p k`m- -c-W-Øn¬ ]mXn-\n-[yhpw Ah-Im-i-hp-ap-≠v.

2. hyXym-k-߃

Hmdn-b‚¬ k`Iƒ BZysØ aq∂p km¿h-XnI kp∂ltZm-kp-

Iƒ kzoI-cn-°p-tºmƒ ss_k‚-bn≥ k -Iƒ BZysØ Ggpw kzoI-

cn-°p-∂p F∂-XmWp ][m\ hyXym-kw. I¬°-tZm\y Xocp-am\w

kzoIcn°mØhcpw kzoIcn®hcpsa∂ \nebn¬ Hm¿Ø-tUmIvkv k -

Iƒ thZ-im-kvX-]-c-ambn c≠p tNcn-I-fmbn ÿnXn-sN-øp-∂p.

1964-˛¬ B¿lq-kn-ep-w, 1967-˛¬ _nÃ-en-epw, 1970 ¬ P\o-h-bnepw

1971- ¬ BUokv A_m_-bnepw h®p c≠p Iq -cpw -IqSn \S-Ønb ]T-

\-Øn-s‚bpw N¿®-bp-sSbpw e-ambn s]mXp-]-kvXm-h-\-Iƒ Cd-°n-

bn- p-≠v: ""k -bpsS Htc Hm¿Ø-tUmIvkv hnizm-kw ]c-kv]cw R߃

Xncn-®-dn-bp-∂p. InkvXp-hns\ kw_-‘n-®p≈ hnizm-k-k-Ø-bn¬

R߃ ]q¿W-ambn tbmPn-°p∂Xmbn I≠p. Hcp-an®p ap≥t]m´p

t]mtI-≠-Xns‚ Bhiyw R߃ ImWp∂p'' Fs∂√mw s]mXp-]-

kvXm-h-\-bn¬ ]d-bp∂p.

1970-˛¬ P\o-hm-bn¬ \S∂ aq∂mw kw`m-j-W-Øn¬ A`n-]mb

sFIyw Bbn-´n-√mØ aq∂p Imcy-߃ Nq≠n-°m-Wn-®p.

(a) k`-bpsS Pohn-X-Øn¬ Iu¨kn-ep-Iƒ°p≈ (kp-∂-l-tZm-

kpIƒ°p≈) ÿm\w Imcnkvam‰nIv BtWm (]-cnip≤mfl ssNX-

\yØn¬ Ir]-bm¬ \bn-°p-∂-tXm) AtXm B[n-Im-cn-I-X-bp≈ \nb-

a-ß-fmtWm?

(b) entbm, Znb-kvtIm-tdm-kv, tkth-dn-tbmkv apX-emb _lp-am-\y-

]n-Xm-°-∑msc i]n-°p-∂Xv Fßs\ \o°w sNømw?

52 hnizm-k-Zo]vXn

(c) ]mtZ-in-I-ambpw temssI-I-ambpw k`m- -cWw Fß-s\-bmWp

\S-Øn-s°m≠p t]mtI-≠Xv?

`cW]-c-ambn Fs¥√mw Iao-I-c-W-߃ tbmPn® k -bn¬ D≠m-

I-W-sa∂p ]T\w \S-Øn-bn- n-√. apºp ]kvX-mhn® \mep IqSn-bm-tem-

N-\Isf XpS¿∂p \SØnbn´p≈ HutZymKnI N¿®Iƒ°v Hm¿Ø-

tUmIvkv k -I-fp-sS AwKo-Imcw e`n-t°-≠-Xp≠v.

3. ]p\-ssc-Iy ]Xn-_-‘-߃

(1) cmPm-°-∑m-cpsS klmbw e`n® sa¬ss°‰v (F. Un. 451 se

I¬°-tZm\y kp∂-l-tZm-kns\ A\p-Iq-en-®-hsc cmPmhv a¬t°m

˛ ]n¥p-W-®-Xn-\m¬ hnfn® hnfn-t∏-cv) ss_k‚-bn≥ k -I-fpsS ]otUm-

]-Z-h-߃ hfsc kln-®-h-cmWv Hmdn-b‚¬ k`-Iƒ. Cu ]oUIƒ

\nanØw H´p-h-fsc hnizm-kn-Iƒ C…mw-a-X-Øn¬ tN¿∂p kzbw

Pohs\ c£n-®n- p-ap-≠v. X∑qew ]p\-ssc-Iy-Øn\p henb Bth-i-an√.

(2) t]jnX ssNX\yw c≠p- Iq-´-cnepw Ipd-hm-Wv. kzbw kwXr-

]vX-am-b ]mc-º-cy-amWp c≠p Iq- ¿°p-ap-≈-Xv. X∑qew sFIyØn-\p≈

Bth-ihpw Ipd-hm-Wv.

(3) G‰hpw IqSp-X¬ bmYm-ÿn-Xn-IXzw h®p-]p-e¿Øp∂ Nne

k`Iƒ (DZm: Ko°p-k`, FtXym-]y≥ k`) ]p\-ssc-Iy-Øn\v Ft∏mgpw

XS w krjvSn®psIm-≠n-cp-∂p. F∂m¬ B[p-\nI kwhm-Z-ß-fpsS

^e-ambn sFIy-km-≤yX sXfn-™n- p-≠v.

(4) mc-X-Øn¬ ss_k‚-bn≥ k -Iƒ Imcyambn C√m-Ø-Xn-\m¬,

]mtbm-KnI Xe-Øn¬ CXn\p henb ÿm\-an-s√∂p ae-¶-c-k` Icp-

Xn-bn-cp-s∂-¶nepw Ct∏mƒ BtKm-f-X-e-Øn¬ tbmPn-∏p -\S-t∂°pw.

GXm-bmepw sFIyw ssZh-ln-X-am-b-Xn-\m¬ ]cn-i-a-߃ XpS-tc-≠-

Xm-Wv. hn. Ip¿_m\ ]c-kv]cw sImSp-°pIbpw kzoIcn-°p-Ibpw sNøm-

\m-temN\bp≠v.

tNmZy-߃

1. ss_k‚-bn≥ Hm¿ØtUmIvkv k`IfpsS t\´-ßfpw tIm´-

ßfpw Gh?

2. Hmdn-b‚¬ Hm¿ØtUmIvkv k`-Isf hkvXp-\n-jvTambn hne-bn-

cp-Øp-I.

3. \ΩpsS k`-bpsS hf¿®bv°v `mcXØnse a‰p k`-I-fpambn

tbmPn-∏n-\p≈ km≤y-X-Ifpw ]Xn-_-‘-ßfpw Gh?

53hnizm-k-Zo]vXn

]mTw 6

kwhm-Z-kw- m-j-W-ßfpw am\-h-cm-in-bpsS

]p\-ssc-Iy km-≤yXIfpw

Ub-tem-Kn\v FXn-cmb \ymb-߃ Ub-tem-Kns‚ ]m[m\yw

temtKmkv ssZh-imkvXw Ub-tem-Kn\v A\p-Iqew Ub-temKv

\nb-a-߃

k -bpsS t]jn-X-hr-Øn-bnepw ]p\-ssc-Iy-i-a-Ønepw ]pXnb Hcp

kao-]-\-am-bm-Wv, kw`m-jW kwhm-Z-ß (dialogues) sf ImWp-∂Xv.

1. Ub-tem-Kn\v FXn-cmb \nb-a-߃

1975-˛¬ ss\tdm-_nbn¬ h®p \S∂ Uªn-bp. kn. kn Akw-ªn-

bn¬ kw_-‘n® Chm-©-en-°¬ Nn¥m-K-Xn-°m¿ qcn-]-£hpw Ub-

tem-Kn\v FXn-cm-bn-cp-∂p.

(1) I¿Øm-hns‚ A¥y-im-k-\-Øn¬ ]d-bp-∂, ]kw-Kn-∏n≥

(preach), ]Tn-∏n-°p-hn≥ (teach) apX-emb hm°p-Iƒ \ΩpsS DØ-c-hm-

Zn-Ø-am-bn-cn-t°, kw`m-j-W-kw-hmZw \S-Øp-hn≥ F∂p- am‰phm≥

\ap°v F¥-[n-Imcw? Ub-temKv F∂ Hcp hm°p Xs∂ hn. thZ-]pkvX-

I-Øn-ept≠m?

(2) kXyhpw Ak-Xyhpw XΩn¬ GXp UbtemKp \S-Øp-hm≥

km[n°pw? shfn-®-Øn\v Ccp-fp-ambn Fs¥mcp _‘w?

(3) Ub-temKp XpS-ßn-bm¬ AXv F√m aX-ß-fn-tebpw \√ Awi-

߃ tN¿Øv Hcp \qX\ k¶-c-aXw (syncretism) \n¿an-°p-I-bm-I-bns√

^ew? amX-hp-a√ Ahc-h¿ hniz-kn-°p∂ ImX-emb hnizmk-k-Xy-

߃ ]cym-tem-N-\bv°p hnt[-b-am-°p-I-bpw, hn´p-ho-gvN-Iƒ°p Xøm-

dm-Ip-Ibpw th≠n- h-cpw.

(4) ssZhØns‚ kºq¿W kzbw shfns∏Spج tbipInkvXp

BsW∂p hniz-kn-°p-∂-h-cpw, ]c-a-amb shfn-]mSv Ncn-X-Øn¬ Akm-

[y-am-sW∂p hniz-kn-°p-∂-h-cpw, XΩn¬ Bflm¿∞-amb Ub-temKv

km≤y-amtWm?

(5) Ub-tem-Kn\v Cd-ßp-tºmƒ a‰p aX-°m¿ Xs∂ \ΩpsS Bflm¿-

∞-Xsb tNmZyw sNøp-I-bnt√?

(6) anj-\-dn-am¿ CX-]-cy¥w kphn-tijw Adn-bn-®Xp Ub-temKp

sIm≠mtWm?

54 hnizm-k-Zo]vXn

(7) Ub-temKp sIm≠p h√-hcpw k -bn¬ tN¿∂n- pt≠m? ]cky

tbmK-]-kwKw tI v FX-tbm- t]¿ am\-km-¥-c-s∏- n- p≠v!

2. Ub-tem-Kns‚ ]m[m\yw

_n. kn. \memw \q‰m-≠n¬ tkmI-´okv ]Nm-c-Øn¬ hcp-Ønb

Ub-tem-Kn-\v, tkmI´okv ]T-\-coXn (Socratis method of study) F∂p

t]¿ ]d-bpw. \ΩpsS I¿Ømhv ]coi∑mtcbpw kmZqIyscbpw an≠m-

Xm-°n-bXp Ub-temKp sIm≠m-bn-cp∂p (aØm. 22:45f). ia-cy-m-°m-cn-

bp-am-bp≈ kw`m-j-Whpw Hcp Ub-tem-Km-bn-cp-∂p. eqZn-bm-sbbpw Imcm-

Kr-l-]-am-Wnsbbpw hn. ]utemkv kv\m\-Øn-te°p \bn-®Xv ]kw-

K-Øm¬ Bbn-cp-∂n-√.

kI-eXpw ]cntim[\ sNbvXp \√Xp apdpsI ]nSn-∏n≥ (1 sX .

5:21). AXn-\m¬ a‰p aX-ß-sf-°p-dn®p \mw tIƒt°-≠-Xm-Wv. Hmtcm-cp-

Ø-tcmSpw \n߃ DØcw ]d-tb-W-sa∂v Adn-tb-≠-Xn\p \nß-fpsS

hm°v Ft∏mgpw Ir]-tbm-Sp- Iq-Snbpw D∏n-\m¬ cpNn hcp-Ønbpw Bbn-

cn-°s´ (sIm-tem. 4:6). ChnsS Ub-temKnse kwkmc-sØ-°p-dn®m-

Wt√m hn. ]utemkv ]d-bp-∂-Xv.

"kXy'-Øn\p Ub-tem-Kns\ b-s∏-tS≠ Bh-iy-an-√. ssZhw X∂n-

cn-°p∂ bp‡n a‰p-≈-h¿°pw \ap°pw Hcp-t]mse X∂n-cn-°p∂ ssZh-

km-Zr-iyØns‚ Hcp mK-amWv. ssZh-km-Zriyw ]m]hogvNbm¬ hnIr-

X-am-bn-t∏m-sb-¶nepw C√m-Xm-bn- n-√. tdma. 1:19, 20 A\p-k-cn®v shfn-]m-

Snepw hnizm-k-Ønepw IqSn-bp-≈-h¿°mWv ssZh-Øns‚ AZr-iy-e-£-

W-߃ bp‡n°p shfn-hmbn hcp-∂-sX∂v Imƒ _m¿Øp ]dbp-∂p.

F√m-h-cp-sSbpw bp‡n sIm≠p ssZhsØ ImWm-sa∂v tXmakv

AIzn\mkpw ]d-bp-∂p. Cu c≠p \ne-]mSpw s]mcp-Ø-s∏-SpØphm≥

Xs∂ Ub-temKv Bh-iy-am-Wv. hnizm-k-am-Ip∂ A¥¿t\-X-Øm-emWp

ssZhsØ ImWm-hp-∂-sX-¶n-epw, B A¥¿t\Xw Xpd-°p-∂-Xn\p

bp‡n Bh-iy-ambn hcpw. bp‡n-bn¬IqSn ssZh-im-kvX⁄¿

A¥¿t\-XsØ Xpd°p∂Xn\p klm-bn°Ww. Aßs\ t_m≤y-

s∏-Sp-Øp-hm≥ F√m-h-tcm-Spw, \nco-iz-c-hm-Zn-I-tfmSpw, Ub-temKp \S-

Ø-Ww.

Ub-temKv F∂ hm°v thZ-]p-kvX-IØn¬ Cs√-∂p-≈Xp icn

Xs∂. XnXzw, kmcmw-i-Øn¬ ]nXm-hn-t\mSv GI-Xz-ap-≈-h≥, IqZmi

F∂o hm°p-Ifpw ]Z-]-tbm-K-ßfpw thZ-]p-kvX-I-Øn¬ Cs√-¶nepw

Ahbv°v Dt]m¬_-e-I-am-b Bi-b-ßfpw hmIy-ßfpw thZ-]p-kvX-I-

Øn¬ D≠v. AXp-t]mse Ub-temKv F∂ Bi-bhpw thZ-]p-kvX-I-

Øn¬ D≠v.

55hnizm-k-Zo]vXn

shfn®hpw Ccpfpw XΩn-e√ Ub-tem-Kv. shfn-®hpw IqSp-X¬ shfn-

®hpw XΩnemWp Ub-tem-Kv. shfn®w Ccpfn¬ ]Imin°p∂p. Ccptfm

AXns\ ]nSn-®-S-°n-bn√ (hn. tbml. 1:5). Ccp-fp-ambn Ub-temKp \S-

Øn-bmepw Ccpƒ shfn-®sØ ]nSn-®-S-°p-I-bn-√. kXyw A¥n-a-ambn

hnP-bn-°pw.

3. temtKmkv ssZh-imkvXw Ub-tem-Kn\v A\p-Iqew

GXp a\p-jys\bpw ]Im-in-∏n-°p∂ kXy-sh-fn®w temIØn-te°p

h∂p-sIm-≠n-cp∂p (hn. tbml. 1:9). Cu temtKmkv (hN-\w), a\pjym-

h-Xmcw sNøp-∂-Xn-\p -apºpw shfn-®-ambn ]h¿Øn®psIm≠n-cp-∂p.

a\p-jym-h-Xm-c-Øn\p tijhpw InkvXp-hm-Ip∂ temtKmkv kXyhpw

\∑bpw kuµ-cy -hp -ap -≈n -S -tØmfw ssZhw F∂ \ne-bn¬

]h¿Øn®psIm≠n-cn-°p-∂p. ssZhn-I-bp‡n Fhn-sS-bp-t≠m, ssZh-

Øn-\m-bp≈ At\z-jWw Fhn-sS-bp-t≠m, Ahn-sS-sb√mw temtKmkv

(In-kvXp) BIp∂ ssZhw ]h¿Ø-\-\n-c-X-\m-Wv. kºq¿W kXyhpw

\∑bpw kuµ-cyhpamIp∂ a\p-jym-h-Xmc temtKmkn-te°v, Ghcpw

hc-Wsa-∂mWp ssZh-Øns‚ bpKm¥y cl-kyhpw Imcy-]-cn-]m-Sn-bpw.

ssZh-ln-X-Øns‚ a¿Ωw kz¿K-Ønepw `qan-bn-ep-ap≈Xv F√mw

]ns∂bpw InkvXp-hn¬ H∂m-bn-t®¿°p-I (Ft^. 1:10) F∂X-tX.

AXn\p kphn-tij ]kwKw, Ub-tem-Kv, kvt\l-]-hr-Øn-Iƒ, hnip≤

Pohn-Xw, ]Xn-]-£- _-lp-am\w apX-embh AXy-¥m-t]-£nXam-Wv.

temPn-°¬ (logical) Bb-sXm∂pw temtKm-kn\p ]Xn-Iq-e-a-√,

A\p-Iq-e-am-Ip∂p. temtKmkv (h-N-\w) ssZh-am-bn-cp-∂p. hN\w PU-

am-bnØo¿∂p (hn. tbml. 1:14). ssZhw D≈n-S-tØm-f-sa√mw hN-\hpw

Nn¥-bp-am-Ip∂ temtKmkv D≠v. tbip-InkvXp ]e ssZh-ß-fn¬ H∂-

√: XnXz-Øn¬ Hcp-h-\mb Ahn-Sp∂v kXy-ssZ-hhpw \nXy-Po-h-\p-am-Ip-

∂p (1 tbml. 5:20). BI-bm¬ F√m kXyhpw InkvXp-hn-t\mSp _‘-

s∏-´Xp Xs∂. kXy-Øns‚ _lp-Xz-Øn¬ \n∂v GI-Xz-Øn-te°pw

A]q¿W-X-bn¬ \n∂v ]q¿W-X-bn-te°pw Ub-temKp hgn \S-Øpw. a‰p

aX-ß-fnepw Bi-b-ß-fnepw InkvXp ]h¿Øn-°p-∂n-s√∂p Nn¥n-°-

cp-Xv. kI-ehpw Ah\n¬\n∂pw, Ah-\mepw Ah-\n-te°pw BIp∂p

(tdm-a. 11:36). kXyhpw, A¿≤-k-Xy-hpw, anYybpw XΩn¬ Xncn-®-dn-bp-

∂-Xn\pw \ap°p km[n-°-Ww. Ah-\n-et√m ssZh-Øns‚ k¿hk-

ºq¿W-Xbpw tZl-cq-]-ambn hkn-°p-∂Xv (sIm-tem. 2:9). B kºq¿W

shfn]mSns\-°p-dn-®p≈ \ΩpsS hnizmkw Ub-tem-Kn¬ Ak-ln-jvWX

D≠m-°p-hm≥ CS-bm-°-cpXv. B ]c-a-kXyw Adn-hm≥ `mKyw e`n-®-

56 hnizm-k-Zo]vXn

Xn¬ \mw ssZhsØ kvXpXn-°pIbpw Xs‚- ap-ºmsI hn\-b-s∏-Sp-I-

bp-atX th≠-Xv.

4. Ub-temKp \nb-a-߃

1982 sabv am-ksØ Uªn-bp. kn. kn. bpsS hm¿Ømhn\n-a-b-Øn¬

Ub-temKp hnP-b-]-Z-am-Ip-∂-Xn\p 12 \nb-a-߃ \n¿t±-in-®n- p-≠v.

1. ]c-kv]c _‘n-XXzw (inter-relatedness): Bi-b-߃ kmaq-

lyhpw, Bflo-b-hpw, cmjvSo-b-hpw, km∑m¿Kn-Ihpw, a\x-im-kvX-]-c-

hp-ambn ]c-kv]cw _‘-s∏- n-cn-°p-∂p.

2. ]£-hm-Zn-Xzw: Zcn-Z¿°p-th≠n hmZn-°-Ww (Advocacy).

3. kam-[m\ ÿm]-I-am-bn-cn-°-Ww (Peace - Making).

4. aqey-ß-fpsS Xncp-ج (Value Reversal): Zcn-Z-s‚bpw Nqjn-X-cp-

sSbpw _e-lo-\-cp-sSbpw Bflm-°ƒ ssZh-k-∂n-[n-bn¬ G‰hpw hne-

tb-dn-b-hbm-Ip-∂p.

5. kmwkvIm-cnI sI´p-d∏v (Cultural Integrity). Ub-tem-Kn¬ c≠p

Iq -cp-sSbpw kwkvIm-c-ß-fpsS sFIy-Zm¿Vyw D≠m-bn-cn-°-Ww.

6. ssZh-im-kvX-]-c-amb sI´p-d∏v (Theological Integrity): kphn-ti-

j-Øns‚ a¿Ωw apgp-h-\mbn hymJym-\n-∏m≥ ]mSn-s√-¶nepw AXns‚

kmcmw-i-Øn-ep≈ sFIyw Kln-°-Ww.

7. hn\bw (humility): kXysØ ]q¿W-X-bn¬ Kln-°m≥ Ign-bm-

Ø-Xn-ep≈ hn\-bw.

8. a\p-jyXz-Nn¥ (humanitarian): a\p-jy-Xz-]-c-amb Nn¥ ]c-kv]c

_lp-am-\Ønepw kvt\l-Ønepw Icp-W-bnepw A¥¿eo-\-am-bn-cn-

°p∂p.

9. GI IpSpw-_-a-t\m- mhw (ecumenicity): h¿K-h¿W-PmXn hnth-N-

\-߃°-∏p-d-am-bn, temIsØ apgp-h≥ Hcp IpSpw-_-ambn ImWp∂

BtKm-f-ho-£Ww thWw.

10. k¿∆-sØbpw Dƒs°m-≈p∂ Ahÿ (inclusiveness): Bscbpw

AI-‰m-sX, Gh-scbpw Dƒs°m-≈p∂ Ub-temKv Hcp-a-bn-te°p \bn-

°Ww.

11. hy‡X (clarity): hy‡-am-bpw, Xnf°tØmSpw ka-K-ambpw kw`m-

j-W-hmZw \S-Ø-Ww.

57hnizm-k-Zo]vXn

12. A\p-tbm-PyX (appropriateness): tIµ-_n-µphns\ Np‰n-]‰n

kwkm-cn-°pI-bpw, A¿∞-iq-\yX Hgn-hm-°pIbpw thWw.

Cu ]¥≠p s]cpam‰®´ßƒ Dƒs°m≠psIm≠p ]Xn]-£sØ

kao-]n-®m¬, ]q¿WkXyØn-te°p \ΩpsS A¥¿\-b\w Xpd∂v

AXn¬ \sΩ ssZ\w-Zn\w hgn -\-S-Øpw.

io. i¶cmNmcy¿ lnµpaXØn¬ \n∂pw _p≤aXØnte°p t]mb-

hsc XncnsI hcpØp∂Xn-\p, ]kw-K-߃ amXa√, Ub-temKpw D]-

tbm-Kn®p F∂p ImWmw. kw`m-jWhmZ-Øn\p ]kw-K-tØ-°mƒ

Hcp°w Bh-iyap≠v. Hcp hiw- amXw Adnbmhp∂h¿ Ub-tem-Kn¬

]s¶-Sp-°pI-bm-sW-¶n¬, tXm¬hnbmbncn°pw ew. ]Xn-]£ _lp-

am\w IqSmsX, FXn-cm-fn-Isf Ip‰w ]d™pw a‰p aX-ßsf CSn®p

XmgvØnbpw, CXc k`m-hn- m-K-ßsf ]p—n®pw ]kw-Kn-°p-∂Xp InkvXo-

b-a-√. AtY\ ]pcp-j-∑mtc \n߃ F√m-‰nepw AXn- -‡-∑m¿ F∂p

Rm≥ ImWp∂p (A-t∏m. ]. 17:22) F∂ apJ-hp-c-tbmSp IqSn-bmWp

]utemkv «olm InkvXp-hn-te°p a\p-jysc \bn-®-Xv. Ah-cpsS aX-

K-Ÿ-ßfpw Xm≥ D≤-cn-®p. Nne¿ ]cn-l-kn-s®-¶nepw ]ecpw ho≠pw

]kwKw tIƒ°-W-sa∂p ]d-™p. c≠p ]Xn-I-c-W-Øn\pw \mw Xøm-

dm-bn-cn-°-Ww.

tNmZy-߃

1. Ko°v Hm¿Ø-tUm-Ivkp-Im-cp-ambn InkvXp-imkvXw kw_-‘n®

Hcp Ub-temKp \S-Øp∂-Xmbn Fgp-Xp-I.

2. Hcp sslµh kvt\lnX\pambn kphn-ti-j-]-c-amb Hcp Ub-

temKp \S-Øp-∂-Xmbn Fgp-Xp-I.

3. Ub-temKp \nba-ßsf \ncq-]WZrjvSym hne-bn-cp-Øp-I.

58 hnizm-k-Zo]vXn

bqWn‰v 3

tdma≥ ItØm-en°m k`

]mTw 1

c≠mw hØn-°m\p apºpw ]nºp-ap≈

tdma≥ ItØm-en°m k`

sS‚n\p apºp≈ tdma≥ ItØm-en°m k` H∂mw hØn-°m≥

Iu¨kn¬ c≠mw hØn-°m≥ Iu¨kn¬ ]ptcm-K-Xn-bpsS

]mXbn¬

\nb-aØn\pw A®S-°-Øn\pw, sFIy-Øn\pw Xmc-X-tay\ IqSp-X¬

]m[m\yw sImSp-°p∂ tdma≥ ItØm-en°m k`sb kw_-‘n-®n-S-

tØm-fw, Iu¨kn-ep-Iƒ k`-bpsS \ne-\n-ev∏n\v AXy-¥m-t]-£n-X-

amWv. 21 Iu¨knepIfmWv (kp-∂-l-tZm-kv) Ah¿°p-≈Xv. Nne \q‰m-

≠p-I-fn¬ Iu¨kn-ep-Iƒ IqSm-sX-bn-cp∂p F∂p-≈Xv ChnsS it≤-

b-am-Wv.

Hm¿Ø-tUmIvkv k`Isf kw_‘n-®nStØmfw aq∂p (Hmdnb‚¬)

As√-¶n¬ Ggp (ss_-kss‚≥) Iu¨kn-ep-Iƒ Ign-™p km¿hXnI

Iu¨kn-ep-Iƒ D≠m-bn- n-√. amX-hp-a√ tdma≥ ItØm-en°m k`bpw

IqsS tNcmsX Iu¨kn¬ km¿h-Xn-I-am-I-bn-s√∂v Ah¿ hnNm-

cn°p∂p. hn. Ip¿_m-\tbm ssZh-h-N-\tam AXy-¥m-t]-£nXam-bn-cn-

°p∂-Xp-t]mse Iu¨kn-ep-Iƒ AXy-¥m-t]-£n-X-a√ F∂pw Nn¥n-

°p-∂p.

tdma≥ ItØm-en-°-cpsS X\-Xmb Iu¨kn-ep-Iƒ

\º¿ hnfn-®p-Iq- nb Bƒ Iu¨kn-ens‚ t]cv h¿jw

8 t_kn¬ I NI-h¿Øn AUn-b≥ 869- 870

9 Imen-Ãkv II ]m∏ em‰≥ Iu¨kn¬ I 1123

10 C∂-sk‚ v III em‰≥ Iu¨kn¬ II 1139

11 Ae-Ivkm-≠¿ III em‰≥ Iu¨kn¬ III

(sh-\o-kv) 1177

12 C∂-sk‚ v III em‰≥ Iu¨kn¬ IV 1215

13 C∂-sk‚ v IV etbm¨kv I 1245

14 KnKdn X etbm¨kv II 1271

59hnizm-k-Zo]vXn

15 s¢a‚ v V hnb∂m 1311

16 KnKdn XII tIm¨Ã≥kv 1414- 1418

17 bqPo≥ IV vtfmd≥kv 1431- 1437

18 Pqen-b≥ II em‰≥ V 1512- 1517

19 t]mƒ III sS‚ v 1545˛1547

20 ]bkv IX hØn-°m≥ I 1869- 1870

21 tPm¨ XXIII hØn-°m≥ II 1962- 1965

s]m -Â v apt∂-‰-Øns\-Xn-cmb \ho-I-cWw (counter reformation)k`bn¬ D≠m-°p-∂-Xn\p klm-bn® sS‚ v Iu¨knepw, k`sb B[p-

\o-I-cn-°p-hm≥ klm-bn® c≠mw hØn-°m≥ Iu¨knepw Ch-bn¬

kp]-[m-\-ß-fm-Wv.

1. sS‚n\p apºp≈ tdma≥ ItØm-en°m k`

C°m-e-b-f-hn¬ Nne sX‰mb D]-tZ-i-߃ Nqj-tWm-]m-[n-I-fmbn

Xo¿∂p. ]m]-tam-N-\-®o´p hnev]\ CXn-\p-Zm-l-c-W-am-Wv. tUman-\n-°≥

k\ymkn tPmlm≥ s‰‰vk¬ ]m]-tam-N-\-®o´p hnev]-\sb t]m’m-

ln-∏n-®p ]kw-Kn-®p. CXns\ sk‚ v ]ot‰gvkv ]≈n-]-Wn°p ]Ww

tiJ-cn-°p-∂-Xn-\p≈ Hcp am¿K-am-°n. ]Ww t\¿®-s∏- n-bn¬ hogp∂

aplq¿Ø-Øn¬, B¿°p-th≠n ]Ww C´p-thm Ah-cpsS Bflm-°ƒ

s_kv]p¿°m\ (Bflm-°-fpsS ip≤o-I-cW ÿew) bn¬ \n∂p ]d∂p

c£-s∏-Sp-a-tX. ]m]-tam-N-\-®o´p hnev]-\s°Xncmbn 95 ]kvXm-h-\Iƒ

am¿´n≥ eqY¿ FgpXn. Xm≥ s]m -k-dm-bn-cp∂ hn‰≥kv_¿Kv k¿h-

Iemimebnse ]≈n-bpsS hmXn¬]e-I -ta¬ H´n®p (1517). eqY-dns‚

FXn¿∏v At\-Isc t]m -Â v hnizm-k-Øn-te°p am‰p-Ibpw tdma≥

ItØmen°m k`bpsS D≈n¬ Ne\w krjvSn°pIbpw sNbvXp.

D¿_≥ II ]m∏m Ipcnipbp≤-Øn¬ acn-°p-∂-h¿°p apgp-Z-fi-hn-tam-

N\w (plenary indulgence) t\ctØ \¬In. CXpw Hcp Zpjn® hcp-am-

\-am¿K-am-bn-Øo¿∂p. CXn-s\bpw eqY¿ FXn¿Øp.

13- mw \q‰m≠p apX¬ 19- mw \q‰m-≠ns‚ Bcw`w hsc (1814) kvs]bn-

\nepw a‰pw \ne-\n∂ aX-tZml ]h¿Ø-\ a¿±\w (inquisition) At\-

Isc ZpxJ-Øn-em-gvØn.- C-Xns‚ t]cn¬ 2000 t]sc-¶nepw sIm√-s∏-´n-

cn-°psa∂p ]d-bp-∂p.

Ch- aqew C°mew Ncn-X-Ønse Ccp≠ A≤y-mb-ßfmbn ]cn-K-

Wn-°-s∏-Sp-∂p.

60 hnizm-k-Zo]vXn

\nJym IpkvX-¥ot\mt]meokv hnizmk]amWw sS‚ v Iu¨kn¬

(1545- 63) ho≠pw Dd-∏n-°p-Ibpw IqZm-i-Iƒ GsX∂p ¢n]vX-s∏-Sp-Øp-

Ibpw thZ-]p-kvXIhpw ]mcºcyhpw hnizmkÿm]\-Øn\p Xpey

]m[m-\y-ap-≈-sX∂p ]Jym-]n-°p-Ibpw, aX-XØz tNmtZymØc-߃

(catechism) D≠m-°p-Ibpw sNbvXp. Aßs\ k -bv°p-≈n¬ Hcp \ho-

I-c-Wap≠m°n t]m -Â v \hoIcWsØ sNdpØp.

2. H∂mw hØn-°m≥ Iu¨kn¬ (1869-˛70)

]obqkv Hº-Xm-a≥ am¿∏m∏m hnfn-®p-Iq- nb Cu Iu¨knen-te°p

\nco-£-I-cmbn Hm¿Ø-tUm-IvkpIm-scbpw t]m -ÂpIm-scbpw £Wn-

®n-cp-s∂-¶nepw Ah¿ AXn\p kw_-‘n-®n-√.

i ][m\ambpw ]m∏mbpsS ]cam-[n-Im-chpw A]-am-Zn-Xzhpw ÿm]n-

°p-hm-\mWv Cu Iu¨kn¬ IqSn-b-Xv. ]m∏m knwlm-k-\-Øn¬ Ccp-

∂p-sIm≠p (ex-cathedra) hnizm-khpw k∑m¿Khpw kw_-‘n-®p≈

hnizmkw ]Jym-]n-®m¬ AXn\v A]am-ZnXzw (sX-‰n-°qSmbva) Ds≠∂v

Cu Iu¨kn¬ Xocp-am-\n-®p.

ii. ssZh-am-Xm-hns‚ ico-c-tØm-Sp -Iq-Sn-bp≈ hmßn∏v Hcp hnizm-

k-k-Xy-am-°phm≥ (tUm-‹) Nne¿ ian-®p. F∂m¬ 1950 hsc AXp

hnP-bn-®n√.

X∑qew Hm¿Ø-tUmIvkpImscbpw t]m´-ÂpIm-scbpw sshIm-

cn-I-ambn AI-‰p-∂-Xn-\v, Cu Iu¨kn¬ Imc-W-am-bn.

3. c≠mw hØn-°m≥ Iu¨kn¬ (1962-˛65)

k -bn¬ Hcp ]pXnb s]¥n-t°mkvXv D≠m-Ip-hm\pw, a‰p k -I-fp-

am-bp≈ sFIyw hf¿Øp-hm-\pw, temI-Øns‚ A\o-Xn-sb-°p-dn®pw

BI-a-W-sØ-°p-dn®pw k -bv°p≈ ImgvN-∏mSp hy‡-am-°p-hm-\p-am-

bn-cp∂p Cu Iu¨kn¬ IqSn-b-Xv. tPm¨ XXIII BWv CXp hnfn-®p-

Iq-´n-b-Xv. hØn-°ms‚ P\-ep-Iƒ Xpd∂p ip≤-hmbp AI-tØ°p

Ib‰nb Hcp kw`hambncp∂p AXv. \√-h\mb tPm¨ ]m∏m, ]cn-ip-

≤mfl t]c-W-bn-epw, \√ Dt±-iy-tØmSpw hnfn-®p-Iq-´nb Cu

Iu¨kn¬ ]q¿ØnbmIp∂Xn\p apºv At±lw Imew sNbvXXv tdma≥

ItØm-en°m k`bv°pw ssIkvX-h -tem-I-Øn\p apgp-h≥ Hcp henb

\jvS-am-bn-t∏m-bn. Iu¨kn-ens‚ H∂mw L´w Ign™p 1963 Pq¨

3˛mw XobXn BWv At±lw Imew sNbvX-Xv.

\mep L -ß-fn-embn 10 hnj-b-ß-fmWv CXn¬ ]T\ hnj-b-am-°n-

bXv. 1. ssZh-im-kvXw, thZ-]p-kvX-Iw, ]mc-º-cyw, hnizm-kw, k∑m¿Kw.

61hnizm-k-Zo]vXn

2. _nj-∏-∑mcpw cq]-X-I-fpsS `c-Whpw. 3. ]´-°m-cp-sSbpw P\-ß-fp-

sSbpw A®-S°w. 4. k\ym-kn-amcpw k\ym-kn-\n-amcpw. 5. hn. IqZm-i-I-

fpsS \nb-am-hen. 6. hn. Ip¿_m\. 7. ]T-\hpw skan-\m-cn-Ifpw. 8. Ing-

°≥ k`-I-sf-°p-dn®v. 9. anj≥ AYhm t]jn-X-hrØn. 10. Aflm-

b°mcpsS t]jnXhrØnbpw Bi-bhn-\nab D]m-[nIfpw.

]ptcm-K-Xn-bpsS ]mX-bn¬

c≠mw hØn-°m≥ Iu¨kn-en¬ k`, ssZhnI shfn-]m-Sv, hn.

Ip¿_m-\, B[p\n-I temIØnse k` F∂o \mep hnj-b-ß-sf-°p-

dn-®p≈ ASn-ÿm-\ ]-amWtcJIƒ (constitution) D≠m°n. 9 UnIn-

Ifpw aq∂p ]kvXm-h-\-Ifpw Cd-°n. ex-cathedra ]Jym-]-\-߃ H∂pw

D≠m-bn-√.

ta¬]-d™ 4 ]am-W-tc-J-Iƒ k`sb B[p-\o-I-cn-°p-∂-Xn-\pw,

]ptcm-K-a\ ]mX-bn-te°p Xncn®phnSp-∂-Xn\pw klm-bn-®p.

1. k`sb-°p-dn-®p≈ tUm‹m-‰nIv tIm¨Ãn-‰yq-j≥

(hn-izm-k-]-camb ASn-ÿm-\- ]-amWtcJ)

Xmsg- ]-d-bp∂ hnj-b-ß-fmWp ]cn-K-Wn®p Xocp-am-\-sa-Sp-Øn-cn-°p-

∂-Xv.

1. hnip≤ thZ-]pkvXIØn¬ k`sb°pdn-®p≈ D]-am-\߃,

k`bm-Ip∂ a¿Ωw.

2. k`-bn¬ sshZn-I¿°pw _nj-∏-∑m¿°p-ap≈ ÿm\w, _nj-

∏-∑m-cpsS Iq´p-Ø-c-hm-ZnXzw, _nj-∏-∑m¿°p ]m∏m-bpsS H∂mw

ÿm\-tØm-Sp≈ _‘w.

3. hnhm-ln-Xtcm Ahn-hm-ln-Xtcm Bb siΩm-»-∑m-cpsS ÿm\w

]p\-x]-XnjvTn-°¬.

4. hnizm-kn-I-fpsS cmP-Iob ]utcm-ln-Xyw, Ah¿°p ]´-Xz-I-a-

tØm-Sp≈ _‘w.

5. k -bn¬ \ne-\n¬°p∂ Ir]m-h-c-߃.

6. amdn-\n¬°p∂ k -I-sf-°p-dn®pw CXc aX-ß-sf-°p-dn®pw.

7. ka-Xzhpw B[n-Im-cn-I-Xbpw XΩn-ep≈ k¥p-en-Xm-hÿ.

8. Zcn-Z¿, Nqjn-X¿, ]bm-k-a-\p-`-hn-°p-∂-h¿ F∂n-hsc-°p-dn-

®p≈ ]cn-K-W-\, kmaq-ly-\oXn.

9. k -bpsS t]jnX Npa-Xe.

62 hnizm-k-Zo]vXn

10. k`bpw uXnI c-WIq-Shpw.

11. ssZh-am-Xm-hn\p a≤yÿ F∂ \ne-bn¬ k`-bn-ep≈ amXr-

ÿm\w.

Hm¿Ø-tUmIvkv hnizmkmNmcß-tfmSp IqSp-X¬ ASp-°p-I-bmWv

Cu Iu¨kn-en¬°qSn D≠m-b-Xv.

2. ssZhnI shfn-]m-Sn-s\°p-dn®p≈ tIm¨Ãn-‰yq-j≥

CXnse A≤y-mb߃ Xmsg-∏-d-bp-∂-h-bm-Wv:

1. shfn-]mSp Xs∂ (Revelation itself).

2. shfn-]mSp \¬Ip-∂Xv (The handing on of divine revelation).

3. hn. thZ-]p-kvXIw.

4. ]g-b-\n-baw.

5. ]pXn-b-\n-baw.

6. k -bpsS Pohn-X-Øn¬ thZ-]p-kvX-I-Øn-\p≈ ÿm\w.

thZ-]p-kvX-I-sØbpw ssZh-im-kvX-sØbpw c≠v Dd-h-I-fmbn Cu

Iu¨kn¬ I≠p. Hm¿Ø-tUmIvkv k`-Iƒ Ah c≠n-s\bpw Hcp-

an®p ImWp-∂p.

3. hn. Ip¿_m-\-sb-°p-dn®v

1. Bcm-[\ amXr- m-j-bn¬ B°Ww.

2. efnXam°Ww.

3. ]mtZ-inI BNm-c-߃ Dƒs∏-Sp-ØWw.

4. kaqlØn¬ k¬t]-cW sNepØp∂ Bcm[\ cq]oI-

cn°Ww.

5. ico-c-c-‡-߃ th≠n-h-∂m¬ c≠mbn sImSp-°mw.

6. P]-ame ]m¿∞-\-Iƒ ]cn-jvI-cn-°-Ww.

Cu Xocp-am-\-߃ Ne-\m-fl-IXzw ImWn-°p-∂-h-bm-Wv.

4. B[p-\nI temI-Øn¬ k`-sb-°p-dn-®p≈ ]amWw

CXv G‰hpw kzoIm-cy-amb ]am-W-tc-J-bm-Wv. \nco-iz-c-Xzw, am¿-

Ivkn-kw, IΩyq-Wn-kw, temI-Zm-cn-Zyw, kmwkvIm-cnI cwKØp k`-

bv°p≈ t]c-W, InkvXob am\hnIX (Christian humanism), F√m

a\p-jycp-sSbpw ka-Xzw, kIe \√ a\p-jy-cp-ambn tN¿∂p ]h¿Øn-

63hnizm-k-Zo]vXn

t°-≠-Xns‚ Bh-iy-I-X, \mK-cn-I-X-bn¬ aXw sIm≠p≈ ]tbm-P\w,

hnhm-l-Øns‚ aln-a, IpSpw-_-Po-hn-Xw, K¿ -—n-Z-tZm-jw, Bbp-[-a’cw,

AWphmbp[߃, P\kwJym s]cp∏w, ZcnZ cmPy-߃°p klmbw,

A¥¿tZ-iob B[n-Im-cn-IX apX-emb ][m\ hnj-b-߃ CXn¬s∏-

Sp-∂p.

tNmZy-߃

1. 16-˛mw \q‰m-≠nse \hoIcWw tdma≥ ItØm-en°m k`bn¬

hcp-Ønb am‰-߃ Gh?

2. c≠mw hØn-°ms‚ t\ -ßsf hnebn-cp-Øp-I.

]mTw 2

]cn-ip-≤m-flm-hns‚ ]pd-∏mSv

thZ-km£yw BZy- hn-izm-k-]-amWw 1000 F. Un. hsc-bp≈

tdmanse ]mc-ºcyw AK-kvXot\m-kns‚ XntXzm-]tZiw "Bflm-

hn¬ \n∂pw P\n-®-h\pw' F∂pw tN¿°Ww ]pX≥ ]nXm-h√

XnXzw NXp¿Xz-a-√

IpkvX¥ot\mt]meo-knse (381) kp∂-l-tZm-kn¬ hnizm-k-

]amWØn¬ ]cnip≤mflmhns\°pdn®v Cßs\ ]d™p: ""]nXm-hn¬

\n∂p ]pd-s∏´v, ]nXm-hn-t\mSpw ]pX-t\mSpw IqsS hµn-°-s∏´p.''

]m›mXyk` ]pX-\n¬ \n∂pw F∂v Iq´nt®¿Øp. At∏mƒ ]nXm-

hn¬ \n∂pw ]pX-\n¬ \n∂pw ]cnip≤mflmhv ]pd-s∏´p F∂p h∂p.

eØo-\n¬ nen-tbmsIz F∂mWp Cu Iq´n-t®¿∏v. CXp kw_‘n®p

Iqe-¶-j-ambn ]Tn® Ing°pw ]Sn-™m-dp-ap≈ thZ-im-kvX-⁄-∑m¿,

1981- ¬ ]kn-≤s∏Sp-ØnbXmWv ""ssZhØns‚ Bflmhv InkvXp-hns‚

Bflmhv'' F∂ KŸw.

Xmsg- Im-Wn-®n-cn-°p∂ Imc-W-ß-fm¬ ^nen-tbmsIz Iq´n-t®¿∏v

sX‰m-Wv.

1. thZ-km£yw

(a) "Rm≥ ]nXm-hns‚ ASp-°¬ \n∂p \n߃°v Ab-∏m-\p≈

Imcy-ÿ-\m-bn, ]nXm-hns‚ ASp-°¬ \n∂p ]pd-s∏-Sp∂ kXym-flmhv

64 hnizm-k-Zo]vXn

hcp-tºmƒ, Ah≥ Fs∂-°p-dn®p km£yw ]dbpw' (tbm-l. 15-:26).

ChnsS ]nXm-hn-s‚bpw Fs‚bpw ASp-°¬ \n∂p ]pd-s∏-Sp∂ F∂√

]d-bp-∂-Xv. "Rm≥ Ab-∏m-\p≈' F∂ hmN-IØn¬ \n∂pw ]pX-\n¬

\n∂p ]pd-s∏-Sp∂p F∂p hymJym-\n-°p-∂Xv icnb√. Ddh ]nXm-hmWv.

(b) "]nXmhv Fs‚ \ma-Øn¬ Ab-∏m-\p≈ ]cn-ip-≤m-flmhv F∂

Imcy-ÿ≥' (tbm-l. 14:16) F∂ hmIy-Ønepw Ddh ]nXm-hp amX-

amWv. ]nXmhpw ]pX\pw Ab-∏m-\p≈ F∂√ ]d-bp-∂-Xv. ]pX-s\-°p-

dn®pw Imcy-ÿ≥ F∂p ]d-bp-∂p≠v (1 tbml. 2:1).

2. BZy -hn-izm-k-]-amWw

IpkvX¥o-t\m-t∏meoknse km¿h-XnI kp∂-l-tZm-kn¬ (F. Un.

381)- hn. XnXzØnse aq∂v Bf-Xz-ß-sf-°p-dn®p \n›-bn-®Xp am‰p-hm≥

B¿°pw Ah-Im-i-an-√.

kvs]bn-\nse s‰mfntUm-bn¬ \S∂ aq∂mw kp∂-l-tZmkmWv (Hcp

]mtZ-inI kp∂-l-tZm-kv) 589- ¬ BZy-ambn nentbmsIz Iq´n-t®¿∏v

D≠m-°n-b-Xv. bmsXmcp km¿h-XnI kp∂-ltZmkpw CXv AwKo-I-cn-

®n- n-√.

3. 1000 F. Un. hsc-bp≈ tdmanse ]mc-ºcyw

tdman¬ 1000 F. Un. hsc Cu Iq´n-t®¿∏v D]-tbm-Kn-®n-cp-∂n-√.

tdmanepw CXp kzoI-cn-®-Xns‚ e-ambn 1054- ¬ Ing-°≥ k`bpw ]Sn-

™m-d≥ k`bpw XΩn¬ th¿]n-cn-™p. ]m›m-Xy-k` Cu Iq´n-t®¿∏v

kzoI-cn-®Xv ]pX\n¬°qSn F∂ A¿∞-Øn-embncn°W-sa∂mWp

]fin-X-a-Xw.

4. AKkvXo-t\m-kns‚ XntXzm-]-tZiw

Ct±lw XnXzØnse tbmPn∏v I≠Xp ]nXm-hne√. ]ns∂tbm

s]mXp kmcmw-i-Øn-em-Wv. ]pX-\n¬ \n∂pw F∂p tN¿°p-∂-Xn\v

Cu XntXzm-]-tZiw klm-b-I-c-am-bn. F∂m¬ At±lw XnXz-sØ-°p-

dn®pw ]cn-ip-≤m-flm-hns‚ ]pd-∏m-Sn-s\°pdn®pw ]d-bp-tºmƒ ]nXm-hn¬

\n∂p amX-amWv ]cn-ip-≤m-flmhv BZy-ambn ]pd-s∏-Sp-∂Xv F∂p hy‡-

ambn Fgp-Xn-bn-´p≠v (The spirit originally proceeds from the Fatheralone). AXn-\m¬ AK-kvXot\mkv Cu Iq´n-t®¿∏n\v A\p-Iq-e-am-

sW∂p ]d-bpI ]bm-k-am-Wv.

65hnizm-k-Zo]vXn

5. Bflm-hn¬ \n∂pw P\n-®-h\pw F∂p tN¿°Ww

]cnip≤mflmhv ]nXmhn¬ \n∂pw ]pX\n¬ \n∂pw ]pds∏Sps∂∂p

]d-bp-s∂¶n¬ ]pX≥, ]nXm-hn¬ \n∂pw ]cn-ip-≤m-flm-hn¬ \n∂pw

P\ns®∂p ]d-tb≠n hcpw. AXn-\m¬ ]pX-\n¬ \n∂pw ]cn-ip-≤m-

flmhv ]pd-s∏-Sp-s∂∂p ]d-bp-∂Xv sX‰m-Wv.

6. ]pX≥ ]nXm-h√

]nXm-hn¬ \n∂pw ]pX\n¬ \n∂pw ]pds∏Sps∂∂p ]d-™m¬

]nXmhpw ]pX\pw XΩn-ep≈ hyXymkw C√m-Xm-Ipw. c≠p- t]cpw Dd-

h-bmbn Xocpw. At∏mƒ ]pX\pw ]nXm-hm-sW∂p hcpw. Ing-°≥

]nXm°∑m¿ ]d-bp-∂Xpw ]nXm-hp -amXw ]pXs‚ P\-I-\pw ]cn-ip-≤m-

flm-hns\ \nXy-ambn ]pd-s∏-Sp-hn-°p-∂-h-\pam-Wv F∂m-Wv. ka-∑m-cn¬

H∂m-a≥ ]nXmhv amX-am-Wv. ta¬]-d™ Iq´n-t®¿∏v D]-tbm-Kn-®m¬

]nXm-hn-\v B ÿm\w C√m-sX-bm-Ipw.

7. XnXzw NXp¿Xz-a√

]nXm-hn-s‚bpw ]pX-s‚bpw ]cn-ip-≤m-flm-hn-s‚bpw kmcmw-isØ

aq∂p-t]-cp-sSbpw Dd-h-bm-°n-bm¬, XnXzw amdn NXp¿Xzam-Ipw. I∏-tZm-

Iy≥ ]nXm-°-∑m¿ Hcp kmcmw-ihpw aq∂v Bf-Ø-hp-sa∂p ]d-bp-s∂-

¶nepw XnXz-Ønse Hcpa I≠Xv kmcmw-i-Øn-e-√, ]ns∂tbm ]nXm-

hmb ssZh-Øn-em-Wv. BK-kvXo-t\m-km-Is´ kmcmw-isØ Dd-h-bm°n.

Cu hnj-bsØ°pdn®p ]m›mXy k`bv°p Ct∏mƒ henb

X¿°tam, ]nSn-hm-intbm C√. Cu Iq´n-t®¿∏v If-b-W-sa∂p ]d™v

Hcp Iev]\ Cd-°n-bm¬ Xocm-hp∂ ]iv\-ta-bp-≈p.

tNmZy-߃

1. "]pX-\n¬ \n∂pw' F∂ Iq´n-t®¿∏ns‚ NcnXw Ipdn-°p-I.

2. ^nen-tbmsIz Iq´n-t®¿∏p XyPn-°-W-sa∂p ]d-bp-∂-Xns‚ \ymb-

߃ Gh?

66 hnizm-k-Zo]vXn

]mTw 3

adnb hn⁄m-\o-bhpw Aa-tem-¤hhpw

hn. amXmhns\ kw_-‘n-®p≈ \ne-]-mSp-Iƒ amXmhv thZ]pkvX-

IØn¬ Aatem¤h kn≤m¥w sX‰v Hm¿Ø-tUmIvkv hnizmkw

1. hn. amXmhns\ kw_-‘n-®p≈ \ne-]-mSp-Iƒ

tbipInkvXphpw amXmhpw IqSn temIsØ c£n®p F∂ \ne-

bn¬ tdma≥ ItØm-en°m k` ]Tn-∏n-°p-∂p. Hm¿Ø-tUmIvkv k`-

Iƒ Cßs\ ]Tn-∏n-°p-∂n-√. AtXka-bØp amXm-hns‚ a≤y-ÿ-X-

bn¬ A`bw ]m]n-°p-∂p-ap-≠v. Cu \ne-]mSp thZ-]p-kvX-Im-[n-jvTn-

Xhpw, ]pcm-X\k -bpsS ]mc-º-cy-Øn\p tN¿∂-Xp-am-Wv. s]m -Âp

k -Iƒ Hcp km[m-cW kvXosb-t∏m-se -amXw amXm-hns\ ImWp∂p.

tdma≥ ItØm-en-°¿ t]m -Âp-Im¿ Hm¿Ø-tUm-IvkpIm¿

1. ssZh-am-Xmhv InkvXp-hns‚ AΩ ssZh-]-k-hnXn

2. Aa-tem¤h C√ C√

kn≤m¥w D≠v

3. amXmhv \njv]m] InkvXp -amXw InkvXp- amXw

]q¿W-bmWv \njv]m-]- ]q¿W≥ \njv]m-] -]q¿Æ≥.

amXm-hns‚

ip≤o-I-cWw

InkvXp-hpambp≈

_‘-Øn¬ amXw.

4. amXm-hns\

Ah-fpsS P\\ \sΩ-t∏mse hogvØ-s∏´ \sΩ-t∏mse P\ns®

Øn\p- aptº th¿ BZm-ay -X-e-ap-d-bn¬ ¶nepw, hnip≤ PohnX

Xncn-®-Xn-\m¬, amXmhpw Dƒs∏Spw Øm¬ ssZh-]k

P∑-]m-]-hp-an√, hnXn BIp-∂-Xn\p

I¿Ω-]m-]-hp-an√. tbmKyX e`n-®p.

5. c£Wy ]h¿Ø InkvXp GI-\mbn c£-Is‚ amXm-hmb

\Øn¬ ]¶m-fnØ ap¥n-cn-®°v Nhn´n Xn\m¬ c£bv°v Dd

ap≠v hnS-am-bn. F∂m¬

InkvXp GI-\mbn

c£Wy the sNbvXp.

67hnizm-k-Zo]vXn

6. Hcp I¿Ør-]m¿ I¿Ør- ]m¿∞\ Ir]-\n-d™ adn-bta,

∞\bv°v 10 Ir] amXw Hcp ]mhiyw amXw

\nd™ adn-bta

F∂ ]m¿∞\

7. amXmhv DS-temsS DS-temsS FSp-°-s∏- n- n√ DS-temsS FSp-°-

FSp-°-s∏´p F∂ s∏´p F∂ ]mc-ºcy

hnizmkkXyw ap≠v. hnizmk kXy

(dogma) ambn ]Jym-]n-®n- n-√.

8. amXmhv Ct∏mtg Aßs\ Hcp-]-tZ-i-an√ I¿Øm-hns‚ c≠m

XnXz-tØmSp IqsS asØ hc-hn¬

kz¿K-Øn¬ Dbn¿sØ-gp-t∂ev°pw

9. amXmhv \nXy-I-\yI ho≠pw ]k-hn®p \nXy-I-\yI

2. amXmhp thZ-]p-kvX-I-Øn¬

1. amXm-hns‚ ]tXy-IX ]pXnb\nba-Øn¬ A\n-tj-[y-ambn

ImWmsa∂p amX-a√, BZysØ kphn-tijw (protoevangelion)F∂-dn-b-s∏-Sp∂ Dev]. 3:15 ¬ amXm-hn-s\-°p-dn®v Hcp ]tXy-I-

h-N\ap≠v: ""Rm≥ \n\°pw (]nim-Nn\pw) kvXo°pw, \ns‚ k¥-

Xn°pw Ah-fpsS k¥-Xn°pw XΩn¬ iXpXzw D≠m°pw. \o

Ahs‚ IpXn-Im¬ XI¿°pw.'' F∂m¬ Cu mKw h®p-sIm≠v,

Aa-tem-¤h-kn-≤m¥w sXfnbn°phm≥ ian°p∂Xv hnPbn

°pIbn√. ]nimNv I¿Øm-hn\pw, Xs‚ amXm-hn\pw, k`bv°pw

F√m-h¿°pw FXn-cm-sW∂ A¿∞ta CXn-\p-≈q.

2. I\yI K¿`nWn-bmbn Hcp aI-s\- ]-k-hn°pw (sbi. 7:14).

Cu ]-h-N\w I\yIa-dn-bm-an¬ \nh¿Øn-bmbn (aØm. 1:22f).

3. ""\ns‚ mcy-bmb adn-bm-ans\ tN¿Øp-sImƒhm≥ i¶n-t°≠.

Ah-fn¬ D¬∏m-ZnXam-bXv ]cnip≤m-flm-hn\m¬ BIp-∂p''

(aØm. 1:20). hnhm-l-\n-›bw Ign-™m¬ `mcym-`¿Øm-°-∑m-

sc∂p ]d-™n-cp-∂-Xn-\m-emWv ChnsS `mcy-sb∂v Fgp-Xn-bn-

cn-°p-∂Xv.

4. ""Fs‚ I¿Øm-hns‚ AΩ Fs‚ ASp-°¬ hcp-hm-\p≈ am\w

F\n°v FhnsS \n∂p≠mbn'' (eqt°m. 1:43) F∂v Fen-k-

t_Øv ]d-™-XmWv ssZh-]khnXn F∂ Hm¿ØtUmIvkv

hnizmk-Øns‚ ASnÿm\w. InkvXphns‚ AΩsb∂p

68 hnizm-k-Zo]vXn

amXw ]d™ s\kvtXm-dn-s\-Xnsc Ft∏-kqkv kp∂-ltZmkv

(431) Xocp-am-\-sa-Sp-Ø-t√m. AXn-\m¬ InkvXp-hns‚ AΩ-

sb-∂√ ]d-tb-≠Xv.

5. amXm-hns‚ a≤y-ÿ-]m¿∞\ kzoIcn®psIm≠v ka-b-Øn\p

ap-ºp -Xs∂ sh≈w ho™m-°n- k-lm-bn® kw`hw amXm-

hns‚ a≤y-ÿ- ]m¿∞\-bpsS i‡nsb ImWn-°p∂p

(tbml. 2:1- 11)-.

6. I¿Ømhv Ipcn-in¬ acn°p∂Xn\p apºp tbml-∂ms\ amXm-

hns‚ Npa-Xe Gev]n-®-Xn¬ \n∂pw (tbml. 19:25˛27) amXm-

hn\p a‰p a°ƒ C√m-bn-cp-s∂∂p \ymb-ambn hnNm-cn-°mw.

"CXm \ns‚ AΩ' F∂ hmNIw tbml-∂m-t\m-Sp -am-X-a-√,

Hmtcm InkvXym-\ntbmSpw I¿Ømhp ]d-bp∂Xmbn FSpt°≠-

XmWv. I¿Øm-hns‚ AΩ Hmtcm InkvXym-\n-bp-sSbpw AΩ-

bm-Wv.

7. ""\ns‚ kz¥]mW-\n¬°qSnbpw Hcp hmƒ I-S°pw'' (eqt°m.

2:35) F∂ iotams‚ ]h-N\w, GI-Pm-X≥ acn® ka-bØv,

Ipcn-ins‚ Nph- n¬ \n∂ amXm-hn¬ \nh-¿-Øn-bmbn.

8. ]Øp- Zn-hkw injy∑m¿ ]cn-ip-≤mflmhn\mbn ImØn-cp∂ amfn-

I-bn¬ kvXoIfpw tbip-hns‚ AΩ-bmb adn-bmapw (At∏m.

]. 1:14) D≠m-bncp∂ Imcyw FSp-Øp -]-d-™Xn¬ \n∂pw,

amXmhn\v A∂p- Xs∂ ]tXy-I-amb ÿm\-ap-≠m-bn-cp-s∂∂p

Nn¥n-°mw.

3. Aa-tem-¤h kn≤m¥w sX‰v

H∂mw hØn-°m-\p -apºv ]bkv X ]m∏m, 1854 ˛ ¬ Aa-tem-¤-h-

kn≤m¥w Hcp hnizm-kkXyambn (dogma) ]Jym-]n®p. X∑qew amXmhv

AΩ-bpsS K¿`Øn¬ Dcphmb-Xp- ap-X¬ Xs∂, P∑]m]-Øns‚ F√m-

I-d-I-fn¬ \n∂pw hntamNn-X-bm-bn-cp∂p (immune from all taint of originalsin).

Xmsg-∏d-bp∂ Imc-W-ß-fm¬ Cu kn≤m-¥w Hm¿Ø-tUmIvkv k -

Iƒ kzoIcn-°p-∂n-√.

1. amXmhv P∑-]m-]hpw (BZm-ay-]m]w) I¿a]m]hpw C√mØ

\njv]m] ]q¿Wbm-bn-cp-s∂-¶n¬, \ΩpsS ]Xn-X-amb kz`mhw

(fallen nature) ]pX≥ Xºp-cm≥ kzoI-cn-®ns√-∂p -hcpw. Aß-

69hnizm-k-Zo]vXn

s\-sb-¶n¬ \ΩpsS hos≠-Sp∏p km[n-®n-´n-s√-∂p- hcpw (Hecould not redeem that which He could not assume) amXmhp

]tXyI krjvSn Bbn-cp-s∂-¶n¬ \ΩpsS kz`m-ha√ Xm≥

kzoIcn®Xv. Aß-s\-sb-¶n¬ \ΩpsS kz`m-h-Øn\p I¿Øm-

hn¬°qSn Hcp am‰hpw h∂n- n√ F∂p- hcpw. t\sc-a-dn®p I\yI

adnbmw H∂mw l∆m-bpsS aIƒ Bbn-cp-s∂-¶n¬, ip≤o-I-

cWw Bh-iy-am-bn-cp∂p.

2. tXmakv AIzn-\mkpw sUman-\n-°≥ k\ym-kn-amcpw Cu

kn≤m-¥-Øn-s\-Xn-cm-bn-cp-∂p. amXmhp \njv]m-]-]q¿Wbmbncp

s∂¶n¬, AIzn-\mkv ]d-bp-∂-Xpt]mse, InkvXp-hns‚ a\p-

jymh-Xmc-Ømepw acWØmepw amXmshmgnsIbp≈h¿°p

amXta c£bp≠mIq. At∏mƒ tbip-InkvXp F√m-h-cp-

sSbpw c£-I-\-s√-∂p -hcpw. AXn-\m¬ Dcp-hm-b-Xn\p tij-

amWp, amXm-hns\ hnip≤o-I-cn-®-Xv (It remains therefore thatthe Blessed virgin was sanctified after annunciation, SummaTheologica, III 27 art. 2).

3. ssZh-am-Xm-hns\, amXm-hns‚ DZ-c-Øn¬ Dcp-hm-Ip-∂-Xn\p apºp-

Xs∂, P∑-]m-]-Øn¬ \n∂p (BZm-ay-]m]w) c£n-°m-am-bn-cp-

s∂-¶n¬, a‰v Gh-tcbpw Aßs\ c£n-°m-am-bn-cp-∂p. At∏mƒ

I¿Øm-hns‚ a\p-jym-h-Xmcw th≠n-h-cn-Ibn√m-bn-cp∂p F∂p

hcpw.

4. amXm-hn\p P∑-]m-]-an-s√-¶n¬ (BZm-ay-]m]w) amXm-hns‚

amXm-]n-Xm-°-∑m¿°pw AXn-√m-bn-cn-°Ww. Ghcpw hnip-

≤cmbn P\n-°-W-sa-¶n¬, Ah-cpsS amXm-]n-Xm-°-∑mcpw

Aßs\ Bbn-cn-°-Ww. Cßs\ ]pd-tIm-´p-t]m-bm¬ BZm-

ay-ho-gvN- Xs∂ C√m-Xm-Ipw. AXn-\m¬ Aa-tem-¤-h -kn-≤m¥w

kzoIm-cy-a-√.

5. amXm-hn¬ ]tXyI Pohn-X-hn-ip≤n D≠m-bn-cp-∂-Xn-\m¬,

Ahƒ a\p-jym-hXm-c-]m-X-am-Ip-hm≥ A¿l-bmbn F∂p ]d-

b-W-sa-¶n¬ amXm-hn\p P∑-]m]w (BZm-ay-]m]w) D≠m-bn-cn-

°Ww. ]m]-Øn-te-°p≈ Nmbvhv C√m-bn-cp-s∂-¶n¬, ]m]w

sNøm-Xn-cp-∂Xp ]tXyI A¿l-Xbv°p Imc-W-amIp-∂n-√.

6 "Ir] \nd-™-h-tf, \n\°p kam-[m\w' F∂mWv K_n-tb¬

amemJ ]d-™Xv. "Ir]' (Ko°n¬ "Imcnkv' F∂pw kpdn-bm-\n-

bn¬ "ssX_qtkm' F∂pw ]dbpw) A\¿l-cm-b-h¿°p -\¬Ip-

70 hnizm-k-Zo]vXn

∂-XmWv. A¿ln-°p-∂-h¿°p \¬Ip-∂Xp Iqen-bmWv. amXmhp

]Xn-X-h¿K-Øn¬s∏´-h-fm-b-Xn\m¬ Ir] Bh-iy-am-bncp-∂p.

]Xn-X-cn¬s∏ -h-f-s√-¶n¬ Ir] Bh-iy-an-√.

F∂m¬, ""\∑ \nd™-htf'' F∂p sNm√p-∂Xp sX‰m-Wv. thZ-]p-

kvX-I-Ønse D≤-c-WnbmWp ]m¿∞\-bn¬ sNmt√-≠Xv. kzb-ambn

\∑ \nd-™-h¿ Bcp-an√. ssZhw -amXw \∑-bpsS ]q¿W-X-bpƒs°m-

≈p∂p.

U≥kvkvtIm´kv (1224˛1306) F∂ ^m≥kn-kv°≥ ssZh-imkvX-

⁄\n¬ \n∂p e`n-®XmWv Aa-tem-¤h kn≤m¥w. BZmayhogvN

Imcyambn FSp°mØXn\m¬ tdma≥ ItØm-en°m k` sX‰mbn

kzoIcn®pt]mb Hcp D]tZiam-WnsX∂v C∂sØ an° tdma≥ ItØm-

en°m en_-d¬ Nn¥-I-∑mcpw kΩXn-°p-∂p-≠v. Cu D]tZiØn\p-

th≠n ]Xn-tcm-[w \S-Øp-hm≥ henb Bthiw tdma≥ ItØm-en-

°¿ ImWn-°p-∂pan√. hnizm-k-k-Xy-ambn ]m∏m ]Jym-]n-®Xp sXs‰-

∂ph∂m¬ t]m∏ns‚ sX‰n°qSm-bvahmZw \ne-\n¬°bn√. AXn-\m¬

Bbn-cn-°Ww Cu D]-tZiw t]cns\-¶nepw Ah¿ h®p-sIm-≠ncn°p-

∂Xv.

4. Hm¿Ø-tUmIvkv hnizmkw

^mZ¿ tPm¿Pv vtfmtdmkv°n ]d-bp-∂Xv: ""amXm-hns‚ hos≠-Sp∏p

]q¿Ønbmb-Xp- t]mepw Iqinse Hcp Xp≈n c‡w Xe-bn¬ hoWt∏m-

gmWv.''

P∑-]m-]-sa∂ kn≤m-¥-sØ-Øs∂ ssZh-im-kvX-Øns‚ ][m\

ÿm\Øp sIm≠p-h-∂Xv AK-kvXo-t\m-km-Wv. thZ-]p-kvX-I-Øn¬

B ]Z-]-tbmKan-√. BZmay ]m]-tØ°p-dn®p thZ-]p-kvX-IØn¬ ]Tn-

∏n°p-∂p-≠v. Ip´n-Iƒ amtam-Zokm G¬°msX acn-®m¬ Ah¿ kz¿K-

Øn¬ t]mIbn-s√∂ AK-kvXo\nb≥ Nn¥mKXn Hm¿Ø-tUmIvkv

k`bv-°n-√. 1 sImcn 7:14 A\p-k-cn®p InkvXo-b- am-Xm-]n-Xm-°-∑m-cpsS

hnip-≤n-bm¬ Ip™p-߃ hnip-≤-cm-Wv.

F∂m¬ BZm-ay-]m]w ]m]Øns‚ km¿h-Xn-I-Xbpw, ]m]-tØmSv

F√m a\p-jy¿°p-ap≈ Nmbvhpw ImWn-°p∂ Hcp \√ kn≤m-¥-amWv.

amXm-hn-ep-≠m-bn-cp∂ BZmay]m]w hN-\n-∏ns‚ ka-bØp \o°n F∂v

Hm¿Ø-tUmIvkv k -Iƒ ]Tn-∏n-°p-∂p.

"hnØp- sI-´nb h´n- t]m-ep≈ ]m[m-\yta amXm-hn-\p≈q' F∂p

]d-bp∂ t]m -Â v Nn¥m-K-Xnbpw InkvXp-hn-t\m-Sp≈ ‡n-tb°mƒ

71hnizm-k-Zo]vXn

amXm-hn-t\m-Sp≈ ‡n IqSp-X-em-°p∂ tdma≥ ItØm-en°m Nn¥m-K-

Xnbpw sX‰m-Wv.

Hm¿Ø-tUmIvkv ]Tn-∏n-°¬ thZ-]p-kvX-Im-[n-jvTnXhpw BZna k`m

]mc-º-cy-Øn-ep-≈-Xp-am-Wv. amXm-hn\p ]cn-ip-≤-∑m-cn¬ H∂mw ÿm\w

Hm¿Ø-tUmIvkv k -Iƒ sImSp-°p-∂p. F∂m¬ XnXz-tØmSp tN¿∂p

]Xn-jvTn-°p∂ ]h-WX Ah¿°dnbn√. amXm-hn-t\mSpw amXm-hn-\p-

th-≠nbpw Hm¿Ø-tUm-Ivkp-Im¿ a≤yÿ]m¿∞\ \S-Øp-∂p-≠v.

tNmZy-߃

1. thZm-\p-k-c-W-ap≈ adnb hn⁄m-\obw I≠p-]n-Sn-°p-I.

2. Aa-tem-¤-h-kn-≤m-¥-Ønse sX‰p-Iƒ I≠p-]n-Sn-°pI.

3. Hm¿Ø-tUmIvkp k -I-fpsS adn-b- hn-⁄m-\o-b-Øns‚ ta∑-I-tfh?

]mTw 4

]m∏m-bpsS A]-am-Zn-Xzhpw

]c-am-[nIm-chpw

]m∏-mbpsS A]-am-ZnXzw thZm-\p-k-c-Wtam? ]m∏-m-bpsS ]c-am-

[nImcw thZm-\p-k-c-Wtam? ]cn-ip-≤mfl ]q¿W-Xbpw hf¿∂p-sIm-

≠n-cn-°p∂ k -bpsS A]-am-Zn-Xzhpw \n¿hN-\-ß-fpsS A]-cym-]vXX

Kmen-°-\n-k-Ønse icnbpw sX‰pw

H∂mw hØn-°m≥ Iu¨kn¬ BWv ]m∏m-bpsS A]-am-Zn-Xzhpw

]c-am-[n-Im-chpw tdm-a≥ ItØm-en°m k -bpsS hnizmkkXy-ßfn¬

Dƒs∏-Sp-Øn-bXv. BtKmfk`bpsS hnizmk-hpw kZm-Nm-chpw kw_-

‘n®v, F√m InkvXym-\n-I-fp-sSbpw ]mÿ (CS-b≥) F∂ \nebn¬

knwlm-k-\-Øn¬ Ccp-∂p-sIm≠p ]kvXm-hn-°p∂ \n¿h-N-\-߃,

]m∏mbpsS At∏m-kvtXm-enI ]cam[n-Im-c-Øn¬ \n∂m-I-bm¬, A]-

am-Zn-Xz-ap-≈XmWv. CXp thm´n-\n-´-t∏mƒ 451 t]¿ A\p-Iq-en-®pw, 88

t]¿ ]Xn-Iq-en-®pw, 62 t]¿ \njv]-£ambpw \n∂p. ho≠pw thm´n-\n- -

t∏mƒ 533 t]¿ A\p-Iq-en®pw 2 t]¿ FXn-¿Øpw, 66 t]¿ \njv]-£-

ambpw Ccp-∂p.

72 hnizm-k-Zo]vXn

A∂p ]m m°nb ]amWtcJb\pkcn®p k` kzoIcn®n-s√-

¶nepw, ]m∏mbpsS knwlm-k-\-Øn-en-cp-∂p-sIm-≠p≈ HutZym-KnI

]kvXm-h\ (ex-cathedra) ]cn-jv°-cn-°-s∏-Sm≥ ]mSn-√m-Ø-Xm-Wv.

1. ]m∏m-bpsS A]-am-ZnXzw thZm-\p-k-c-Wtam?

k`bvt°m, ]tXm-knt\m, ]m∏m-bvt°m, A]-am-Zn-Xz-ap-s≠∂p thZ-

]p-kvX-I-Øn¬ ImWp-∂n√. ]cn-ip-≤m-flmhp k`sb kIe kXy-

Ønepw hgn-\-S-Øp-sa∂p ]d-bp-∂p. hogm-Ø-h≥, sX‰m-Ø-h≥ F∂o

hm°p-Iƒ thZ-]p-kvX-I-Øn¬ Hcp a\p-jy-s\-°p-dn®pw ]d-bp-∂n-√.

hn. -]-tXm-kn-s\-°p-dn®p ]d-bp-tºmƒ, At±lw aq∂p ]mhiyw

I¿Øm-hns\ X≈n-∏-d-bp-hm≥ CS-bm-bn. s]¥n-t°mkvXn Znhkw ]cn-

ip-≤m-fl-]q¿W-\msb¶nepw Ip‰-°-mc-\mbn ImW-s∏-Sp-∂p-≠v. "F∂m¬

tI^mhv At¥ym-Iy-bn¬ h-∂msd Ah\n¬ Ip‰w ImWp-I-bm¬ Rm≥

A`n-ap-J-ambn Ah-t\mSv FXn¿Øp-\n∂p' (Kem. 2:11) F∂p hn.- ]u-

temkv ]d-bp-∂p. ]cn-tO-Z-\-°msc `b-s∏´p ]n≥am-dn-t∏m-b-h-cpsS

Iq´ØnemWp ]tXm-kns\ ImWp-∂Xv. "kphnti-jØns‚ kXyw

A\p-k-cn®p sNm∆mbn \S-°p-∂n√' (Kem. 2:14) F∂p hn. ]utemkv

hn.- ]-tXmkns\ Ip‰-s∏-Sp-Øp-∂p.

hn.- ]-tXmkv GsX-¶nepw knwlm-k-\-Øn¬ Ccp∂p hnizm-k-Øns‚

\n¿h-N\w \¬In-b-Xmbn ImWp-∂n-√. sbdp-i-teanse kp∂-l-tZm-kn¬

Xocp-am\w ]Jym-]n-®Xp bmt°m-_mWv (At∏m. ]. 15:13 -21).

2. ]m∏m-bpsS ]c-am-[n-Imcw thZm-\p-k-c-Wtam?

1. ]tXm-kn\p ]c-am-[n-Imcw C√mbn-cp-∂p. ]¥≠p »ol∑m-

cn¬ Hcp-hs\ a‰p-≈-h-cpsS Xe-h-\m-°n-sb-¶n¬ Xß-fpsS Iq -

Øn¬ BscbmIp∂p henbh\mbn FtÆ-≠Xv (eqt°m.

22:24) F∂ X¿°w A¥y-s]-k-lm -`-£-W-ka-bØv D≠m-I-

bn-√mbn-cp∂p.

2. sI´p-hm\pw Agn-°p-hm\pap≈ A[n-Imcw ]tXm-kn\v F∂-

t]mse (aØm. 16:13-˛19) a‰p-≈-h¿°pw sImSp-Øn-´p-≠v (aØm.

18:18, tbml. 20:23).

3. ]tXm-kn\v Hcp knwlm-k-\-sa∂pw a‰p ]Xn-s\m-∂p- t]¿°v

At±-l-Øns‚ Iogn¬ 11 knwlm-k-\-ßsf∂pw ]d-bmsX 12

knwlm-k-\-ß-sf∂mWp I¿Ømhp ]d-bp-∂Xv (aØm. 19:28

Dw eqt°m. 22:30 Dw ImWpI).

73hnizm-k-Zo]vXn

4. aØm 16:17˛19 epw eq-t°m 22:31 epw tbml. 21:15˛17 epw ]tXmkv

«olmbv°p a‰p «ol-∑m-cp-sS-ta¬ Fs¥-¶nepw A[nImc-ap-≈

Xmbn ]d-bp-∂n√.

5. ]tXm-kn\p ]c-am-[n-Imcw D≠m-bn-cp-∂-Xm-tbm, At±lw AXv

D]-tbm-Kn®v Fs¥-¶nepw sNbvX-Xm-tbm, thZ-km-£y-an-√.

6. ]pXnb\nbaØn¬ 12 injy-∑m-cpsS enÃv sImSp-Øn-cn-°p∂

\mep `mKßfnepw, ]tXm-kns‚ t]¿ BZyw ]d-bp∂p-≠v.-

AXv At±lØns‚ GXp Imcy-Ønepw apºn´p ]h¿Øn-

°p∂ ]IrXwsIm≠pw, ]mbw- Iq-Snb hy‡n-sb∂ \nebn-

ep-am-bncn°Ww.

7. hn.- ]-tXmkv kzbw hnfn-°p-∂Xp \nß-fn-ep≈ aq∏-∑m-cn¬

Hcp Iq´p-aq-∏≥ (1 ]tXm. 5:1) F∂mWv.

]tXmkn\v Fs¥-¶nepw ]tXyI A[n-Im-cap-s≠-∂ncp∂m¬-

Øs∂ AsX√mw F√m k -I-fn-sebpw Xe-h-∑m¿°p-w D≠v. bYm¿∞-

Øn¬ AsX√mw Hmtcm F∏n-kvtIm-∏mbv°pw D≠v. Im-cWw F∏n-

kvt°m∏m tbipInkvXphns‚ IuZm-inI km∂n-≤y-Øn-s‚ ]-Xo-

IamWv. FhnsS F∏n-kvtIm-∏-mbpt≠m AhnsS k`-bp-s≠∂v

At¥ymIy-bnse am¿ C·m-Øn-tbmkv (H∂mw \q‰m≠ns‚ Ah-km-\-

Ønepw c≠mw \q‰m≠ns‚ Bcw-`Ønepw Pohn-®n-cp∂) ]d-bp-∂p.

Hmtcm ]mtZ-inI k`-bnepw kp∂-ltZm-kns‚ A≤y-£-s\∂- \ne-

bn¬ k`m-X-e-h\p Nne ]tXyI A[n-Imcw sImSp-°p∂p Ft∂-bp≈q.

AXn-\m¬ ]m∏mbv°p a‰p k -I-fp-sS -ta¬ bmsXmcp A[n-Im-c-hp-an√.

3. ]cn-ip-≤mfl ]q¿W-Xbpw hf¿∂p-sIm-≠n-cn-°p∂

k`-bpsS A]-am-Zn-Xzhpw

ssZhw amXw- BWv kºq¿W≥. hn. -Xn-Xz-Ønse ]q¿ÆX ]nXm-

hnepw ]pX-\nepw ]cn-ip-≤m-flm-hnepw amXw ]q¿W-am-bp-≠v. "]cn-ip-

≤m-flmhv kIe kXy-Ønepw hgn- \-SØpw' (tbml. 16:13) F∂

hmIysØ kXy-Øn¬ hgn \S-Øn-°-gn™p F∂ \ne-bn¬ hymJym-

\n-°p-I-bmWv tdmam-k` sNbvXn-cn°p∂Xv. `qXw, h¿Øam\w, `mhn

F∂n-h-bn¬ Hcp-t]m-se-bp≈ ]q¿WX XotbI ssZh-Øn-\p -am-X-ta-

bp-≈q. ]m]-]-¶n-ehpw A]q¿Whpw, Bt]-£n-I-hp-amb Ncn-X-Ønse

]q¿W-Xbn¬ IqSp-X-¬ ]q¿W-X-bn-te-°p≈ hf¿®-bpsS km≤y-Xbpw

Bh-iyhpw D≠v. thZ-]p-kvX-I-Øns‚ A]-am-Zn-Xz-tam, ]m∏mbpsS

A]amZn-Xztam sXfn-bn°m≥, thZ-]p-kvXIhpw, Ncn-Xhpw, bp‡nbpw

A\p-h-Zn°p-∂n-√.

74 hnizm-k-Zo]vXn

k -bpsS Ncn-X-Ønse ]q¿WX \nXy-X-bnse ]q¿W-X-tbmSp ka-

a√. "Ct∏mƒ \mw IS-sam-gn-bmbn ImWp∂p ..... Awi-ambn Adn-bp∂p'

(1 sImcn. 13:12). "]q¿W-am-bXp hcp-tºmsgm Awi-am-bXp \oßn-t∏mIpw'

(1 sImcn. 13:10). bpKm-¥y-Ønse (eschatological) A]-am-Zn-Xz-hpw,

]q¿WXbpw, NcnXØn¬ k`-bv°p t]mepw C√.- F-∂m¬ ]q¿W-X-

bn-tebv°p \bn-°p∂ ]cn-ip-≤m-flmhp k`-bpsS \mY\pw \S-Øn∏p-

Im-c-\p-am-I-bm¬, ]q¿W-X-bn-te°p \bn-°p-sa∂ Dd∏p \ap-°p-≠v.

k`m-N-cnXw ]cn-tim-[n-®m-¬Øs∂ sX‰mb hnizm-ksØ, sX‰m-

h-cap-s≠-∂-h-Im-i-s∏-Sp∂ ]m∏m-am¿ Xs∂ ex-cathedra, ]kvXm-hn-

®n- p≠v. DZm. ssZh-am-Xm-hns‚ Aa-tem-¤hw. A-Xn-\m¬ A]am-ZnXzw

Ah-Im-i-s∏-Sp-∂-Xp -Xs∂ sX‰m-sW∂p ]m∏m-am¿ sXfn-bn®p Ign™n-

cn-°p-∂p. ssZh-am-Xm-hns‚ ico-c-tØm-Sp IqSnbp≈ hmßn-∏ns\

hnizmk-k-Xy-ambn ]Jym-]n® tdmam-k` I¿Øm-hns‚ c≠m-asØ

Dbn¿∏n¬ amXm-hn\v Dbn¿∏v Dt≠m F∂ tNmZy-Øn\p adp-]Sn ]d-bp-

∂n√.

Hcn-°¬ k`bn¬ ]nf¿∏p-≠mbm¬ Ccp`m-Khpw AXn-ep-≠m-bn-cp∂

]q¿W-k-Xy-Øns‚ Hcp mK-hpam-bn- mWp ]ncn-bp-∂Xv hnizmkhn]co-

XnIƒ sX‰pambn t]mIp-∂Xpt]m-seb√. AXn\m¬ ]p\ssc-Iy-Øn¬

Ccp- m-K-Øp≈ kXyhpw Dƒs°m-≈m≥ ian-°Ww.

]pXn-b\nbaØn¬ ]tXmkpw ]utemkpw tbml∂m\pw ]d-bp∂

kXy-߃ Dƒs°m≠v Ahsb Hcp-an-∏n-°p-hm≥ ]cn-ip-≤m-flmhmIp∂

A]-amZnXzap≈ Kpcp ]h¿Øn-®p-sIm-≠ncn°p-∂p.- ]m-∏msb tIµo-

I-cn-®p≈ A]-am-ZnXzw ]Tn-∏n-°p∂ tdmam-k- bpw, thZ-]pkvXIsØ

tIµ-am°n A]-am-ZnXzw ]Tn-∏n-°p∂ s]m´-Â v k`-Ifpw, apgp-

k`bpsS A]-am-ZnXzw ]Tn-∏n-°p∂ Hm¿Ø-tUmIvkv k`-Ifpw ]cn-

ip≤m-flm-hn¬ A]-am-Zn-Xz-Øn-te°p \S-Ø-s∏-tS-≠n-bn-cn-°p-∂p. \mw

]nSn®p F∂-√, ]nSn-°mtam F∂p- h®v A]-am-Zn-Xz-Øn-te°v HmSp-I-

bm-Wv.

4. \n¿h-N\-ß-fpsS A]-cym-]vXX

"t]mHm-dn-bs‚-'bp-sS (]uckvXy k`-I-fp-ambn kwhZn-°p-hm≥

tdma≥ ItØm-en-°-mk- -bn¬ Bcw- n® ]ÿm\w) Npa-X-e-bn¬, hnb-

∂mbn¬ h®p \S∂ A\u-tZym-KnI N¿®-I-fn¬, Ccp`mK-sØbpw ssZh-

im-kvX-⁄-∑m¿ kΩ-Xn®-Xp-t]mse a\pjymhXmc clkyw \n¿h-

Nn-∏m≥ mjbvt°m hm°p-Iƒt°m km[y-a√. ]m∏-mam¿ knwlm-k-\-

Øn¬ Ccp∂p hnizmkkw_-‘-amb ]Jym]\߃ \S-Øn-b-Xn¬

75hnizm-k-Zo]vXn

amXa√, km¿h-XnI kp∂ltZmkpIfn¬ t]mepw ]q¿W-kXyw ]q¿-

W-ambn ]d-bm≥ hm°p-Iƒ I≠p-]n-Sn-®n- n-√.

BZysØ c≠p km¿hXnI kp∂-ltZm-kp-Iƒ°p-≠m-bn-cp∂

]q¿WX ]n∂o-Sp-≈-hbv°v C√m-bn-cp-s∂∂p Ko°v Hm¿Ø-tUmIvkv

k`bnse s]m^. Pd-kn-tam-kvtIm-\n-Um-cnkv kΩ-Xn-®n-´p-≠v. Ah-

bpsS ]q¿WXbpsS sXfnhv, A-hsb BtKm-fk` AwKoI-cn®p

F∂p≈Xn-emWv. A√msX \n¿h-N-\-ß-fpsS ]q¿W-X-bn-e√. d-jy≥

ssZh-im-kvX-⁄-\mb tIman-bm-tImhv ]Tn-∏n-®-Xp-t]mse hnizmkw

A]-am-ZnXzap-≈-XmtWm F∂p sXfn-bp-∂Xv, ]cn-ip-≤m-flmhv BI-am-

\k`Isfs°m≠v Ahsb kzoI-cn-∏n-°p-∂pthm F∂-Xn-eq-sSbmWv.

]m∏m ]Jym-]n-®m¬ amXw sX‰n-√m-X-m-IpIbn√. At∏mkvtXm-e-∑m-

cpsS ]n≥Km-anI-fmb _nj-∏-∑m¿ ]Jym]n®-Xp-sIm-≠pam-bn√. k`

apgp-h≥ AwKo-I-cn-°p-tºmgmWp sX‰n-√m-Ø-Xm-bnØo-cp∂Xv. "Rm≥

]q¿h-∑m-cpsS ZrjvSm-¥-a-\p-k-cn®p \n¿ae a\- m-£n-tbmsS Bcm-[n-

°p∂ ssZh-Øn\p \ns‚ \n¿hymP hnizm-k-Øns‚ Hm¿Ω \nanØw,

kvtXmXw sNøp-∂p. B hnizmkw BZyw \ns‚ henbΩ temho-knepw

AΩ bq\n-°-bnepw D≠m-bn-cp∂p. \n∂nepw Ds≠∂p Rm≥ Dd-®n-cn-

°p-∂p' (2 Xotam. 1:4). hnizm-k-Øns‚ Imh¬`-S∑m¿ hnizmkn-Iƒ

F√m-hcpamWv. InkvXp-hns‚ uXnI icocam-Ip∂ k -bn¬ ]cnanXnbn-

√mØ ]cn-ip≤mflmhv ]h¿Øn-°p∂-Xn-\m¬, ]-cn-an-Xn-bn¬ \n∂p

]q¿W-X-bn-te°p k` bmX- Xp-S¿∂p-sIm-≠n-cn°pw.

BI-am-\-k- -bpsS hnizmkw, kp-∂ltZmkns‚ Iq´p-Ø-c-hm-Zn-Xz-

Øn¬,- ]m∏m ]d-bp-∂-Xn-\p -amXw, sX-‰m-h-c-aps-≠∂p c≠mw hØn-

°m≥ hy‡-am-°n-bn-cn-°p-∂p.- k- -bpsS A]-amZn-XzamWp ]m∏m-bp-tS-

sX∂ kqN\ ChnsS ImWp-∂p.

5. -Km-en-°-\n-k-Ønse icnbpw sX‰pw

8˛mw \q‰m-≠p hsc ^m≥kn¬ kzX-¥-ambn Kmen-°≥ (^©v)

Bcm[\Iaw D≠m-bn-cp-∂p. ]n∂oSv AXns\ tdma≥ B[n-]-Xy-Øn¬

sIm≠p-h-∂p. Kmen-°-\n-k-Øn\p aq∂p ]tXy-I-X-Iƒ D≠m-bn-cp-∂p.

i. ^m≥knse NIh¿Øn-am¿°p temI-Im-cy-ßfn-ep≈

kzmX¥yw.

ii ]m∏m-bp-sS -ta¬ s]mXp -kp-∂-l-tZm-kp-Iƒ°p≈ ta¬t°mbva.

iii. ^m≥knse cmPmhpw ] -°mcpw tN¿∂p, ]m∏m-bpsS Imt\m\n-I-

sa∂p ]d-bp-∂, A\ym-b-amb ssII-S-Øens\ sNdp-Øp-\n¬°pI.

76 hnizm-k-Zo]vXn

]Sn-™m-d≥ bqtdm-∏n¬ Xs∂ am¿]m-∏-mbpsS A]-am-Zn-XzsØ

FXn¿°p∂ kn≤m-¥-߃ ]pcmX\Im-e-Øp -Xs∂ cq]-s∏-´n-cp∂p

F∂mWnXp ImWn-°p∂Xv.

tdmam ]m∏m-bpsS BtKmf A[n-Im-chpw, ]c-am-[n-Im-chpw, A]-am-

Zn-Xzhpw XyPn-°p-∂-Xp-hsc, a‰p k`-I-fp-am-bp≈ sFIyw km[y-a√.

Kmen-°-\nkw tZiob-k-`I-fpsS kzmX-¥ysØ A\p-Iq-en-°p∂

Hm¿Ø-tUmIvkv Nn¥m-K-Xn°v A\p-Iq-e-am-Wv. ssN\-bnse tdma≥

ItØm-en-°cpw Bh-iy-s∏-Sp-∂Xv tZiob kzmX-¥y-amWv. GIs‚

]c-am-[n-Imcw GIm-[n-]-Xy-Øn-te°p hgn- \-S-Øpw.

tNmZy-߃

1. ]m∏m-bpsS A[n-Im-c-߃°pw Ah-Im-i-hm-Z-߃°pw thZ-]p-kvX-

I-Øn¬ Fs¥-¶nepw ASn-ÿm\apt≠m? A]-K-Yn-°p-I.

2. ]m∏m-bpsS A]-am-Zn-Xz-Øn\v A\p-Iq-ehpw ]Xn-Iq-e-hp-amb hmZ-

ß-tfh?

3. ]m∏m-bpsS ]c-am-[n-Imcw \ncq-]-W-hn-j-b-am-°p-I.

]mTw 5

]ncanUv t]mep≈ c-W-Iaw

(ssldm¿°n) icntbm?

thZ-sX-fnhv XnXzm-[n-jvTnX tamU-en-ep≈ `c-W-Iaw BcmWp

-h-en-b-h≥? ]mtbm-KnI Xe-Øn¬

G‰hpw apI-fn¬ ]m∏m, At±-l-Øn\p Xmsg Iqdnbm (I¿±n-\m-fp-

am¿), A-Xn\p Xmsg B¿®p_nj-∏p-am¿, AXn\pw Xmsg _nj-∏p-am¿,

CXmWp tdmamk`-bnse `c-W-Iaw. c≠mw hØn-°m≥ hsc P\-

߃°p k`m`cWØnep≈ ]¶m-fnØw hfsc Npcp°ambn-cp∂p.

1. thZ- sX-fnhv

]g-b-\n-baØn¬ alm-]p-tcmlnX∑m-cp-≠m-bn-cp-s∂-¶n-epw (2 cmPm.

22:4, 8) Iq´p-Ø-c-hm-Zn-Xz-am-bn-cp-∂p. 12 amk-ß-fn¬ tkh\w \S-Øp-

hm≥ 24 Iq´¿°p Nn´n-bn-Sp-∂ -co-Xn-bp-≠m-bn-cp∂p (1 Zn\. 24). alm-

]ptcm-ln-Xs\ IqSmsX c≠mw Xc-Øn-ep≈ ]ptcm-ln-X-∑mcpw (2 cmPm.

77hnizm-k-Zo]vXn

23:4) Npa-Xe \n¿h-ln-®p. Zmho-Zns‚ Imewhsc tehy¿°v- Xn-cp-\nhm-

khpw D]-I-c-W-ßfpw Npa-°p∂ Npa-Xebp≠m-bn-cp-∂p (1 Zn\. 23:26).

GXm≠p ]nc-anUv t]mse ][m\ ]ptcm-ln-Xs‚ Iogn¬ ]gb\nba-

ssl-dm¿°n D≠m-bn-cp∂p. F∂m¬ ]m∏m-bpsS ]c-am-[n-Imcw t]mse

GtXm hnim-e- `-c-Wm[n-Im-c-ap≈ GI alm-]p-tcm-ln-X-\mbn Al-

tdms\ NnXo-I-cn-®n- n-√. l∂mkpw Iøm- mhpw sbdp-i-te-an¬ A[n-

Im-c-ap-≈-hcmbncps∂-¶n-epw,- Nn-X-d-s∏´pIn-S∂ blq-Z∑m-cp-sS ta¬ c-

W-I¿ØrXzw D≠m-bn-cp-∂-Xmbn sXfnhpIƒ C√.

]pXnb\nbaØn¬ ]¥≠v At∏m-kvtXme∑m¿°mWv H∂mw

ÿm\w. ssZhw k`bn¬ H∂maXv At∏mkvtXme∑m¿, c≠maXp ]hm-

NI∑m¿, aq∂-maXv D]tZjvSm°∑m¿ Cßs\ HmtcmcpØsc \nban®p

(1 sImcn. 12:28). H∂maXp ]tXmkv F∂v HcnSØpw ImWp-∂n√. Hcmƒ

\jvSs∏´t∏mƒ ho≠pw FÆw 12 B°n (At∏m. ]. 1:15˛26).

]utemkpw At∏m-kvtXme\mbn ]tXyIw sXc-s™Sp°-s∏´p (Kem.

1:1, 17). ]pXnb\nbaØn¬ GIXzw Ft∏mgpw InkvXp-hn\pw Xpey ]Zhn-

bnep≈hcpsS Iq´pØchmZnXzw At∏mkvXe∑m¿°patX."tbip-

InkvXp Xs∂ aqe°√mbncns°, \nßsf At∏m-kvtXme∑mcpw ]hm-

NI∑mcpsa∂ ASnÿm\Øn¬ ]WnXncn°p∂p' (Ft^. 2:20).

]pXnb\nbaØn¬ BZyw Im»oi∑msc F∏nkvtIm∏∑msc∂p

hnfn®ncn°p∂Xmbn ImWmw (At∏m. ]. 20:17, 28). F∏nkvtIm∏m,

I»oi, siΩmi≥ F∂ aq∂p ÿm\nIsf CSbteJ\ßfn¬ Ahy-

‡ambn ImWmw. 1 Xntam. 3:1˛13 ¬ F∏nkvtIm∏m, siΩmi≥ F∂o

c≠p ÿm\n-Isf BWp hy‡-ambn ImWp-∂Xv.

samWm¿°nb¬ F∏nkvt°m∏kn (Hcp F∏nkvtIm∏mbpsS Iogn¬

]e Iioi∑m¿) ]pXnb\nbaØn¬ hy‡-a√. k`bpsS GI ASn-

ÿm\w InkvXpsh∂ ]Tn∏n°emWv hy‡ambp≈Xv. "tbipInkvXp

F∂ C´ncn°p∂ ASnÿm\a√msX as‰m∂v CSp-hm≥ B¿°pw Ign-

bpIbn√' (1 sImcn. 3:11). ]-tXmkns\ GI ASn-ÿm\ambn ]dbp∂

Hcp hmIyw t]mepw thZ]pkvXIØnen√.

2. XnXzm[njvTnX tamUenep≈ `cWIaw

k` Hcp h\hpw, ssZhcmPyØns‚ kmtlmZcyhpw, h¿KclnX-

k-aqlhpamWv. AXn\m¬ Hcp cWm[nImcnbpsS Iogn¬ as‰√mhcpw

F∂ cWIaw k`bpsS kØbn¬s∏´X√. tdmam kmam-PyØn¬

NIh¿Øn `cn®ncp∂ kºZmbw k`bn¬ h∂Xv, A∂sØ Ime-

Øns‚ Hcp ]Xn^e\ambncp∂p. I¿Ømhns‚ alm]p-tcmlnX ]m¿-

78 hnizm-k-Zo]vXn

∞\bn¬, k`bpsS GIXzw XnXzm[njvTnXambn ImWphm\mWp

]m¿∞n®Xv (tbml. 17:21). A-Xn\m¬ InkvXob- `-cWIaØn¬

Iq´pØchmZnXzamWp th≠Xv. adpcq]aebnepw KXvkotam\nepw

]tXmkns\ amXambn sIm≠pt]mbn√.

3. BcmWp henbh≥?

k`bpsS Xeh\mb I¿Ømhv "ipiqj sNøn∏m\√, ipiqjn∏m-

\mWp h∂Xv' (a¿t°m. 10:45). Xm≥ injy∑mcpsS Im¬ IgpInbn´p-

]d™p: ""I¿Ømhpw Kpcphpamb Rm≥ \nßfpsS Im¬ IgpInsb-

¶n¬ \nßfpw XΩn¬ XΩn¬ IgptI≠XmIp∂p'' (tbml. 13:14). ""PmXn-

I-fn¬ A[n]XnIfmbh¿, Ahcn¬ I¿ØrXzw \SØp∂p. Ahcn¬

alØp°fmbh¿ AhcpsSta¬ A[nImcw \SØp∂p F∂p \n߃

Adnbp∂p. \nßfpsS CSbn¬ Aßs\ AcpXv. \nß-fn¬ alm\mIp-

hm≥ C—n°p∂hs\√mw ipiqj°mc≥ BIWw. \nßfn¬ H∂ma-

\mIphm≥ C—n°p∂h≥ F√mh¿°pw Zmk\m-IWw'' (a¿t°m. 10:

42˛44). eqt°m. 22:25˛27 epw Cu Bibw Xs∂ ImWp∂p. AXn\m¬

`cWI¿Øm°fpsS apJapZ kvt\lØns‚ ipiqjbmWv.

cmPm-°-∑m¿ GIm[n]Xyw \SØp∂ coXn, P\m[n-]Xyw h∂-

tXmsS Ahkm\n®p. IpSpw-_-ß-fnepw Aßs\ Xs∂: a°ƒ°pth≠n

IjvSs∏SpIbpw, ipiqjn°pIbpw, _lpam\hpw kvt\lhpw in£-

Whpw \¬In hf¿ØnsbSp°pIbpw sNøp-∂-XmWv IpSpw_Øe-

hs‚ e£Ww.

4. ]mtbmKnIXeØn¬

kp∂ltZmkns‚ Iq´pØchmZnXz`camWp k`bn¬ th≠Xv.

AXns‚ A≤y£≥ G‰hpw ]mbwIqSnb Bƒ Bbncn°pw. A≤y-

£\p kp∂ltZmkns‚ Xocpam\w hot‰m sNøm≥ A[nImcap≠m-

bncn°pIbn√. ""]cnip≤mflmhn\pw R߃°pw tXm∂n'' (At∏m. ].

15: 28) F∂√msX, "]cnip≤mflmhn\pw F\n°pw tXm∂n' F∂p ]d-

bm≥ CSbmIcpXv.

tZiob k`IfpsS F∏nkvtIm∏¬ kp∂ltZmkpIƒ, P\ß-

sfbpw AhcpsS ]Xn\n[nIsfbpw tN¿Øv BtemNn°msX apI-fn¬

\n∂p Xocpam\w sNbvXv Xmsgbp≈hcnte°v ASnt®¬∏n°-cpXv.

Aflmb°mcpw, I»oi∑mcpw, _nj∏pw tN¿∂p≈ amt\PnwKv IΩn‰n,

Hmtcm Zmk\Ønepw tZiob k`bnepw D≠mbncn°Ww.

A¥¿tZiob kp∂ltZmkpIfn¬ tZiob k`IfpsS A≤y-£-

79hnizm-k-Zo]vXn

∑m¿ FSp-°p∂ Xocpam\w, ]m∏mbvt°m GsX¶nepw ]mXnb¿°o-

knt\m ImtXmen°mbvt°m hot‰m sNøm≥ A[nImcw D≠mbncn-

°cpXv. ka∑mcn¬ H∂m-as\∂ ÿm\w amXta At±lØn\v D≠m-

bncn°mhq.

Cßs\ F√m Xe-ßfnepw CS-hI, -Zmk\w, tZiobk`, B-tKmf

k` Chbnse√mw Iq´pØchmZnØ`cWw D≠mbncn°Ww.

tNmZy߃

1. ]nc-an-Un-°¬ ssldm¿°n F∂m¬ F¥v? sImfo-Pn-b¬ ssldm¿

°n-bpsS ta∑ F¥v? hnh-cn-°pI.

2. Iq´pØc-hm-ZnXz c-W-sa-∂m¬ F¥v? hnh-cn-°pI. P\m-[n-]-Xyhpw

F∏n-kvtIm-∏-knbpw Fßs\ Hcp-an-∏n°mw?

]mTw 6

s_kv]p¿°m-\bpw (ip≤o-I-c-W-ÿew)

\nXy -\cIhpw

ip≤o-I-cW ÿe-sa-∂m¬ F¥v? ip≤o-I-cWÿesa∂v Hcp

]tXyI ÿe-apt≠m? acWm-\-¥-cm-h-ÿ-sb°p-dn®p≈ aq∂p

Nn¥m-K-Xn-Iƒ ip≤o-I-c-W-ÿ-e-sØ-°p-dn-®p≈ D]-tZiw Fß-

s\-bp-≠mbn?

1. ip≤o-I-cW ÿe-sa-∂m¬ F¥v?

s_kv]p¿°m\m F∂ Zfi-hn-tam-N\ÿew AYhm ip≤oIcW-

ÿew (A¿∞w, c£bpsS h\w) acWm\¥cw Ds≠∂p tdma≥k`

]Tn-∏n-°p-∂p. Ir]-bn¬ a-cn°p∂hsc-¶nepw A]q¿WX-bn¬ Pohn-®-

h-cpw, temI-Øn¬ h®p ac-W-Øn\√mØ ]m]w sNbvXn v (venial sins)tamN\w ]m]n-°msX h∂-hcpw, ac-W-I-c-amb ]m]w sNbvsX¶nepw

]m]-£a e`n-®-hcpw F∂m¬ ]m]-Øn\p X° -in£ temIØn¬

h®v A\p-`hn-°msX h∂-hcpw s_kv]p¿°m-\bn¬ ]th-in-°p-∂p.

Chn-SsØ ip≤o-I-c-Ww -Ign™v Ah¿ kz¿K-Øn¬ ]thin-°p∂p.

Cu ÿew \ymb-hn-[n- h-sc-bv°p- am-X-ap-≈-Xm-Wv.

80 hnizm-k-Zo]vXn

\nXy\cIsa-∂p- ]-d-bp-∂Xv ac-W-I-c-amb ]m]w sNbvI-bpw, ]m]-

tam-N\w ]m]n-°mXn-cn-°p-Ibpw sNøp∂-h¿ sNs∂-Øp-∂-Xm-Wv.

F_m-b- m-j-bn¬ "sKl∂' F∂pw Ko°n¬ "X¿Øm-dkv' (Tartarus)F∂pw ]d-bp-∂p (aØm. 5:22, 29:10, 28, 18:8f, 23:15, 33, 25:41; a¿t°m.

9:43˛47, eqt°m. 12:5, bqZ 7).

sKl∂msb°pdn-®p≈ ]pXnb\nba ]Tn-∏n-°¬, b-dp-i-te-an-\p -

]pdØv N∏pw Nhdpw Fcn™psIm≠ncp∂ ÿesØ°pdn®m-sW∂p

]fin-X¿ ]dbp-∂p. AhnsS Xo sISmXncn°p∂Xp t-]mse \cIØn¬

Xo sISp∂n√. sISmØ Xosb∂pw NmImØ ]pgp F∂pw ]d-bp-∂-

Xns‚ A¿∞w, A\¥-amb thZ-\-sb-∂m-Wv.

2. ip≤o-I-c-W- ÿ-e-sa∂v Hcp ]tXy-I- ÿ-e-apt≠m?

]g-b-\nb-a-Øn¬ ip≤o-IcW ÿ-e-Øn\v A\p-Iq-e-ambn D≤-cn-°-

s∏-Sp∂ GI thZ`mKw 2 a°m-_n-b¿ 12:39˛45 BWv (]g-b\n-baØn\pw

]pXn-b-\n-ba-Øn\pw CS-bv°p≈ ImesØ, As∏mIn^m F∂p ]d-

bp∂ ]pkvX-IØn¬ Dƒs∏ -XmWp a°m-_nb-°m-cpsS ]pkvXIw. CXp

Hm¿Ø-tUmIvkv thZ-]p-kvX-I-Øn¬ Dƒs∏-´-XmWv). F∂m¬ acn®

F√m ]´m-f-°m¿°pw- th≠n ]m¿∞-\-Ifpw Zm\-[¿Ω-ßfpw \S-Øn-

sb-∂-√msX, ip≤o-I-c-W-ÿ-eØp t]mb-h¿°p- th-≠nsb∂v FSpØp

]d™n- n-√.

]pXn-b-\n-b-a-Øn¬ ip≤o-I-c-Wÿehpw \nXy-\-c-Ihpw th¿Xn-cn®p

ImWn-°p∂ Hscm‰ hmIyhpw C√. acn-®p-t]mb Ht\-kn-t^m-d-kn-\p -

th≠n ]m¿∞n-®Xv (Xntam. 1:18) acn® Bƒ°p- th≠n ]m¿∞n-®-Xn-

\p≈ sXfnh-√msX, ip≤o-I-cW ÿesØ sXfn-bn-°p∂X√.

1 sImcn 3:10˛25 ip≤o-I-c-W-ÿ-esØ Ipdn-°p-∂-Xmbn tdmam-k`

D≤-cn°p-∂p. Xobn¬°qSn F∂-t]mse c£n-°-s∏-Sp-sa∂p ]d-™n-

cn-°p-∂Xv Hcp ]tXyI ip≤o-I-cW-ÿ-e-sØ- Ipdn°p∂-Xmbn ]d-

bm≥ hø.- tb-ip-InkvXp F∂ ASn-ÿm-\-Øn¬ ssht°m¬ sIm-

≠√, s]m∂pw sh≈n-bpw -sIm-≠mWp ]Wn-tb-≠-sX∂ D]-a-bmWv

ChnsS ImWp∂-Xv. imiz-X-amb t\ -߃ Cu temI-Øn¬ h®p Xs∂

B¿Pn-t°-Wsa∂mWp hnh-£.

]cn-ip-≤m-flm-hn\v FXn-cmb ]m]-Øn\v Cu temI-Ønepw hcp-hm-

\p-≈-Xnepw £abn-√ (a¿t°m. 3:29). ChnsS \nXy-\-c-I-sØ-°p-dn®p

]dbp∂p. hcphm\p≈ temIØn¬ tamN\w e`n°p∂ ]m]ßfp-

s≠∂ [z\n ChnsS Ds≠∂p ]d-bmw. AXn\p ip≤o-I-c-W-ÿew

thWsa-∂n√.

81hnizm-k-Zo]vXn

3. acWm\-¥c Ah-ÿ-sb-°p-dn-®v Nne Nn¥m-K-Xn-Iƒ

Ct∏mƒ \mw IÆm-Sn-bn¬ IS-sam-gn-bmbn ImWp-∂p. At∏mtgm

apJmapJambn ImWpsa∂ XØzw, G‰hpw kXy-ambn ]d-bm-hp-∂Xv,

acWm\¥c Imcy-ß-sf-°p-dn-®mWv.

(i) \nXy-\-c-Ihpw \nXy -kz¿Khpw

Ch c≠pw aØm. 25 epw a‰pw hy‡ambn kqNn-∏n-®n-´p-≠v. ""Ch¿

\nXy-Zfi\Ønte°pw \oXnam∑m¿ \nXyPoh¶te°pw t]mIpw''

(aØm. 25:46, Zm\n. 12:2, tbml. 5:29, aØm. 12:32). a‰p ]e aXßfpw

CXp ]Tn-∏n-°p-∂p≠v. Cu temI-Po-hnXw \∂m-°m-\p≈ t]cW CXn¬

D≠v F∂p≈Xv, Cu ]Tn∏n°ens\ kzmKXw sNøp-∂-Xn\p klm-

bn°p-∂p. F∂m¬ XmØzn-Iambn Nn¥n-°p-tºmƒ, sNdnb ]m]w

sNbvX-h¿°pw henb ]m]w [mcmfw sNbvX-h¿°pw Htc \nXy-\-cIw

sImSp-°p-∂-Xn-¬ \oXn \ntj[w ImWmw. Hm¿Ø-tUmIvkv k` \nXy-

\-c-I-Øn\p tIµ-ÿm\w sImSpØp ]Tn-∏n-°p-∂n-√. \c-IsØ `b-

∂n- √ \∂mbn Pohnt°≠Xv. ssZh-kvt\-l-Øm¬ BI-¿jn°s∏´pw

ssZh-kvt\-l-sØ thZ-\n-∏n-°p-∂-Xn¬ ZpxJn-®pamWv.

(ii) A¥n-a-ambn F√m-hcpw c£ ]m]n°pw

CXn\v Dt]m¬_e-I-am-bn-´p-≈Xv ^nen. 2:10; 1 ]tXm 3:18˛20; 2

]tXm. 3:9˛10 apX-emb thZ- m-K-ß-fm-Wv. a\p-jy-kzm-X-¥y-Øn\v A¥na

]m[m\yw \¬Im-sX, kvt\l-Øns‚ i‡n°p ]m[m\yw \¬Ip-

tºmƒ A¥na-ambn F√m-hcpw c£-]m-]n-°p-sa∂ ]Tn-∏n-°-en¬ \mw

h∂p- tN-cpw. apSn-b≥]p-Xs\ kpt_m-[-Øn-te°p \bn-°p∂ ]cnip-

≤mflmhv, acWm\¥chpw ]h¿Øn-°p-sa∂pw Ah-km\w GsXmcp

]m]n-sbbpw am\-km¥cs∏SpØp-∂-Xn¬ hnP-bn-°p-sa-∂pap≈ ]Xym-

i-bm-Wn-Xn¬ ImWp-∂Xv. ssZh-kvt\lw \nXy-\-c-IsØ sNdp-Xm-°n,

A¥na- \-c-I-sØ-t∏mepw ]nSn-®S°p-sa∂p s]m´-Â v thZ-

imkvX⁄≥ Imƒ _m¿Øv ]Tn-∏n®p. ]nim-Np -t]mepw Ah-km\w

c£-s]-Sp-sa∂v Hdn-K\pw ]Tn-∏n®p (CXp k` AwKo-I-cn-°p-∂n-√).

\nXy-\-cIw, ip≤o-I-c-W-ÿew F∂p c≠p ÿe-ß-sf-°p-dn®p ]d-

bp-∂-Xnep≈ A]m-IX CXnen√. ac-WIcamb ]m]w sNøm-Ø-h-tcm,

]q¿W-ambn A\p-Xm]w \S-Øn-b-h-tcm, Bcpw ImWp-I-bn-√. AXn-\m¬

Nnesc amX-a-√, ]m]-Øn¬ acn-°p∂ Gh-scbpw ip≤oIcWÿeØp

hnSp-∂-Xn¬ IqSp-X¬ bp‡n-bp-≠v. _pƒKm-t°mhv XpS-ßnb djy≥

Hm¿Ø-tUmIvkv Nn¥-I-∑m¿ \nXy-\c-I-Øn\p ]Icw ip≤o-I-c-W-ÿ-

e-ambn \c-IsØ ImWp∂p.

82 hnizm-k-Zo]vXn

F√m-hcpw c£-s]-Sp-sa-¶n¬ CjvSw t]mse Pohn-°m-at√m F∂

Nn¥ a\pjysc ]m]Ønte°p \bn°psa∂p ]dbmsa¶nepw, bYm¿-

∞-ambn ssZh-tØm-Sp≈ kvt\l-Øn¬ \nd-bp-∂-h\p ]m]w sNbvXp

ssZhsØ thZ-\n-∏n-°p-hm≥ km[y-a-√.

(iii) tbipIn-kvXp-hn¬ amXw \nXy-Po-h≥

tbipInkvXp-hn¬ A√mØ-h¿°v iq\yX (Annihilation) AYhm

Ah¿ C√m-bva-bn-te°p Xncn™p t]mIp∂p F∂ ]Tn-∏n-°em-WnXv.

\nXy-c£ tbip-InkvXp \evIp∂ Zm\am-Wv. A√msX ssZh-

kmZriyØns‚ P∑mhImia√, a\pjy≥ aÆn¬ \n∂p≈h\pw, a¿-

Xy\pw, \in-t°-≠-h-\p-am-Wv. tbip-InkvXp Zm\-ambn \¬Ip∂ \nXy-

Po-h≥ kzoI-cn-°p-∂-h¿°p- amXw \nXy-c-£, A√m-Ø-h¿ arK-ß-sf-

t∏mse ac-W-Øn¬ C√m-Xm-Ipw.

Cu kn≤m-¥-Øn\v D≈ Ipd-hv, krjvSn-bn¬ a\p-jy\p e`n® ssZh-

kmZriyØns‚ alnasb \ncmIcn°p∂p F∂p≈XmWv. F∂m¬

tbip-InkvXp-hn¬ amXamWv c£sb∂ XØzw tIµ-ÿm-\-Øp-≠v

(tbm-l. 14:6, At∏m. 4:12).

\nXy-c£ tbip-InkvXp \evIp∂ Zm\-am-sW∂v Xmsg-°m-Wp∂

thZ- m-K-ß-fn¬ \n∂pw Kln-°mw (tbm-l. 3:16, tdma. 5: 8, 8:32, Ft^.

2:48, 1 tbml. 4:9, 10). Cu Nn¥m-KXn kzoI-cn-°p-∂-h\pw ssZh-kvt\-

l-Øn¬ \nd-bp-sa-¶n¬ Xm≥ \in°p-∂Xp I¿Øm-hn\p thZ\mP-

\IamsW∂p I≠p Xs‚ kuP-\y-Zm-\-amb c£sb kzoI-cn-°p-Ibpw

hnip≤n ]men-°p-Ibpw sNøpw.

4. ip≤o-I-c-W -ÿ-e-sØ- (purgatory) °p-dn-®p≈ D]-tZiw

Fß-s\-bp-≠mbn?

acn-®-h¿°p- th≠n ]m¿∞n-°p-∂-Xn\p I¿Øm-hn¬ \nZ ]m]n®

F√m acn-®-h¿°pw-th≠n ]m¿∞n-°-W-sa∂ kn≤m¥w aXn-bm-Ipw.

Nne¿°p- th≠n ]m¿∞n-t°≠Xns√∂p ]d-b-Ø-°-hÆw Bcpw

]q¿W-Xsb ]m]n-®n´√t√m acn-°p-∂-Xv. ]ns∂ ]W-k-ºm-Z-\Øn-\p≈

Hcp am¿Kambn ip≤oIcWÿeØns‚ ]Tn∏n°¬ h∂p tN¿∂-Xm-

bn-cn-°mw. aSn, ep_v[v apX-emb ]m]-߃ acWIc-amb ]m]Øns‚

]´nIbn¬ Dƒs∏SpØnbXpw ]m]tamN\®o´ns‚ hnev]\ h¿≤n-∏n-

°p-∂-Xn-\m-bn-cn-°-Ww.

tdmam-k` 1 tbml. 5:16 \v ]pXnb Hcp hymJym\w \¬In s_kv-

]p¿°m-\m- hmZw sXfn-bn-°m≥ ian-°p-∂p. ac-W-Øn-\-√mØ ]m]w

83hnizm-k-Zo]vXn

sNøp-∂-h¿°p-th≠n ]m¿∞n-°-W-sa∂p ]d-™Xp ip≤oIcW-

ÿeØp \n∂p≈ hnSp-X-en-\p -th-≠n-bp≈ ]m¿∞-\-bmbn Ah¿

hymJym-\n-®p. bYm¿∞-Øn¬ ac-W-Øn-\p≈ ]m]w sNøm-Xn-cn-°p-∂-

Xn-\p≈ Hcp Blzm\w am-XamWv Cu thZ- m-K-Øp-≈-Xv. B thZ`mKw

Xmsg ImWp∂ hn[-Øn-emWv. ""ktlm-Z-c≥ ac-W-Øn-∂-√mØ ]m]w

sNøp-∂Xv Bsc-¶nepw I≠m¬ At]-£n-°mw. ssZhw Ah\p Pohs\

sImSp-°pw. ac-W-Øn-∂√mØ ]m]w sNøp-∂-h¿°p- X-s∂ ac-W-Øn-

\p≈ ]m]w D≠v. AXn-s\-°p-dn®v At]-£n-°-W-sa∂p Rm≥ ]d-bp-

∂n-√. GXv A\o-Xnbpw ]m]-am-Ip-∂p. ac-W-Øn-∂√mØ ]m]w D≠p-

Xm-\pw.''

kz¿Kw \∑-bpsS ]Xn- -ehpw \cIw ]m]-Øns‚ in£-bp-amWv.

]Xn-^-ehpw in£bpw \oXnbpsS c≠p hißfm-Wv. kz¿Khpw \c-

Ihpw Cs√-¶n¬ \oXn- \-S-Øp∂ ssZh-an-s√∂p hcpw. \cIw \nXy-am-

sW-¶n¬, ssZh-I-cp-Wbpw kvt\lhpw F√m‰ns\bpw \∂m-°m≥ i‡-

a√ F∂p kn≤n-°pw. kzmX-¥y-Øns‚ ]mcayw ImWn-°p-hm-\mWp

\nXy-in-£-bpsS km≤yX ]d-bp-∂-Xv. \c-IsØ apgp-h\pw ip≤oIcW

ÿe-ambn ImWm-sX, Ipsd-t∏sc amXw Ahn-tS°v Ab-bv°p-Ibpw,

a‰p-≈hsc ip≤o-I-cW ÿe-tØ°v Ab-bv°p-Ibpw sNøp-∂Xns‚

]ndIn¬ ]W-ap-≠m-°p-∂-Xn-\p≈ BK-l-ap-≠m-bn-cn-°-Ww.

tNmZy-߃

1. s_kv]p¿°m\m AYhm ip≤o-I-c-W-ÿew acn-®-h¿°p ip≤o-I-

cWw \evIp-sa∂ tdma≥ ItØm-en°m D]-tZiØn\v Ah¿ sImSp-

°p∂ \ymb-߃ Gh? hne-bn-cp-Øp-I.

2. a\p-jys‚ A¥ysØ-°p-dn-®p≈ aq∂p Nn¥m-K-Xn-Iƒ ]cn-tim-[n®v

Ah ]mtbm-KnI Pohn-XsØ Fßs\ _m[n°p∂p F∂p hni-

ZoI-cn-°p-I.

3. tdmam-k-`-bn¬ \n∂v Hm¿Ø-tUmIvkv k` ]Tn-t°-≠Xpw Ah¿

\Ωn¬ \n∂p ]Tn-t°-≠Xpw Fs¥√mw?

84 hnizm-k-Zo]vXn

bqWn‰v 4

s]m -Âv hn`m-K-߃

]mTw 1

eqY-d≥ hnizmkw

BKvkv_¿Kv I¨ -j≥*

eqY-d-\nkw F¥v? tdma≥ ItØm-en°m hnizm-k-tØm-Sp≈

]XymLmXw hnizm-k-Øm¬ amX-ap≈ (Sola Fidei) \oXo-I-cWw

]utcm-ln-Xy-tØm-Sp≈ FXn¿∏v

1. eqYd-\nkw F¥v?

a) am¿´n≥ eqY¿ (1483-˛1546)

16-˛mw \q‰m≠n¬ P¿Ω-\nbnse tdma≥ ItØmen°m k`bn¬

ASn® Hcp sImSp¶m-‰m-bn-cp-∂p eqY¿. B sImSp-¶m-‰ns‚ Ae-Iƒ

H´p-h-fsc A¿≤-k-Xy-߃°p tIµ-ÿm\w \¬In, s]m´-Ânkw

Df-hm-°n. Nne ]Tn-∏n-°-ep-Iƒ Ch-bm-Wv:

1. hnizm-k-Øm-ep≈ \oXo-I-cWw.

2. hy‡n-bpsS kzmX¥yw.

3. thZ-]p-kvX-I-Øns‚ B[n-Im-cn-IX.

4. cmPIob ]ptcmlnXh¿K-sa∂ \nebn¬ k`mwK߃°p

]utcm-lnXyw.

5. ]hN\ ]m[m\yØn¬ ]tXyI ]utcm-lnXytØm-Sp≈

FXn¿∏v.

6. ]m∏m-bpsS A]-am-ZnXzw, (A∂v tUm‹ Bbn´n-√mbn-cp∂p)

]m]-tam-N-\®o´p hnev]\, s_kv]p¿°m\ apX-em-b-h-tbmSp≈

shdp∏v.

7. tbip-In-kvXp-hn-t\m-Sp≈ Bf-Ø-]-c-amb _‘w.

8. Cu temI-Øn¬ h®p Xs∂ c£ ]m]n-t°≠Xns‚ Bhiy

IX.

* P¿Ω-\n-bnse Bkv_¿Kn¬ h®v (Augsberg), Ir], ]m]w, InkvXp-hn-

ep≈ kzmX-¥yw, \oXo-I-cWw F∂o ssZh-im-kvX-hn-j-b-ß-fn¬ eqY¿

Xs‚ \ne-]mSv (Confessions) hy‡-am-°nb-Xn-s\- Ip-dn-°p-∂p.

85hnizm-k-Zo]vXn

Chsb eqY-d-\n-k-Øns‚ ASn-ÿm\ hn-izmkkXy-߃ F∂p

hnfn-°mw. At∏m-kvtXm-enI hnizm-k-]-am-Ww, \nJym hnizm-k-]-amWw,

AØm-\m-tkym-kns‚ hnizm-k-]-amWw F∂nh ASn-ÿm-\ -]-am-W-

ß-fmbn kzoI-cn-°p-∂p.

hnizmkØns‚ \ne-]m-Sv, tdma≥ ItØmen°m k`bpsSbpw, ]n∂o-

Sp-≠mb Im¬hn-\n-k-Øn-s‚bpw CS-bv°m-Wv. hn. Ip¿_m-\-bn¬

InkvXp-hns‚ bYm¿∞ km∂n≤yw (consubstantiation) Ds≠-¶nepw

AXp s]mXp-hmb km∂n-≤y-Øn¬ \n∂p hn`n∂-a√. a\p-jys‚ hogvN-

bn¬ Ah≥ apgp-h-\mbn Xn∑-s]- -h-\m-sb-¶nepw (total depravity) Nnesc

kz¿K-Øn\pw Nnesc \c-I-Øn-\p-ambn ap∂n-b-an-®n- n√.

b) nen∏v saew-KvØ≥ (1497-˛1560)

eqYdns‚ he-ss¶-bmbn ]h¿Øn® ssZh-im-kvX-⁄≥. ap≥]-

d™ ]e ]am-W-tc-J-Ifpw Fgp-Xp-∂-Xnepw thZ-]p-kvXIw P¿Ω≥

`mjbn¬ X¿÷a sNøp-∂Xnepw Imcyamb ]¶p hln®n´p≠v. 1521˛¬

At±lw ]kn-≤oIcn® Loci communes (tem°n IΩyq-s\kv) BWp

\ho-I-c-WØns‚ BZysØ ]am-Wtc-J.

1. eqY-d≥ k`bn¬ Nne-bn-S-ß-fn¬ F∏n-kvtIm-∏kn A\p-h-Zn-

°p-∂-Xn¬ At±-l-Øns‚ t]c-W-bp-≠m-bn-cp-∂p.

2. Ip¿_m\ shdpw Hm¿Ω-bm-sW∂ kznwKvfnbpsS hmZsØ

At±lw i‡ambn FXn¿Øp. ^©v \ho-I-c-W-°m-c-\mb

Im¬hns‚ Iq´sc ]oWn∏n°p∂-Xn\v Ip¿_m-\-bnse bYm¿∞

InkvXp km∂n≤yw \n¿_-‘n-t°≠Xn√ F∂ Nn¥ sIm≠p-

h-∂p.

3. tdma≥ ItØm-en°m k`-bpsS Nne BNm-c-ß-fnepw hnizm-k-

Ønepw Ah-K-W\ ImWn-®p kl-h¿ØnXzw thW-sa∂p

hmZn-®p.

2. tdma≥ ItØm-en°m hnizm-k-tØm-Sp≈ FXn¿∏v

1. ]hr-Øn-bm-ep≈ \oXo-I-c-WsØ tXmev]n-°p-hm≥ hnizmk

Ømep≈ \oXo-I-cWw F∂-Xv.

2. k`-bpsS GI-Xz-Øn-s\-Xn-cm-bn, Hmtcm hy‡n-bp-sSbpw DØ-

c-hm-ZnXz-hpw.

3. k`-bpsS A®-S°Øn\pw IÆp-a-S-®p≈ A\pk-cW-Øn\p

saXn-sc, hy‡n-kzm-X-¥y-hpw.

86 hnizm-k-Zo]vXn

4. ]m∏m-bpsS A]-am-Zn-Xz-Øn-s\-Xn-sc, thZ-]p-kvX-I-Øns‚ A]-

am-ZnXzhpw.

5. ]m∏m-bpsS ]c-am-[n-Im-c-Øn-s\-Xn-sc, InkvXob hy‡n-kzm-

X¥y-Øns‚ ]cam[nIm-c-hpw, cmP-Iob ]ptcmlnXh¿K-sa∂

\ne-bn¬, k`mw-K-ß-ƒ°p≈ ]utcm-ln-Xy-hpw.

6. ]m]-tam-N-\®o´p hnev]-\bvs°-Xn-cmbn acn-®h¿°pth≠n

]m¿∞-\tb ths≠∂ ]Tn-∏n-°-epw.

7. ]utcm-ln-Xy-Øn-s\-Xn-cm-bn, kphn-tijw ]kw-Kn-°p-∂-Xns‚

BhiyIX-bpw.

8. At∏m-kvtXm-enI ssIsh-bv]n-s\-Xn-cm-bn, InkvXp-hp-am-bp≈

t\cn- p≈ _‘hpw ]Tn-∏n-®p.

ItØmen°mk`bn¬ \ne-\n∂ A\mNmc߃ am‰p-hm-\mWv

eqYdpw Iq´cpw ian-®-Xv. F∂m¬ Ip´nsb Ipfn-∏n® Agp-°p-sh≈w

Zqsc Fdn-™-Iq-´-Øn¬, am¿´n≥ eqY¿ Ip™n-s\-°qsS Fdn-™p-I-

f™p F∂p ]d-bmw. AXn\v DZm-l-c-W-amWp cl-ky-Ipºkmcw \jvS-

s∏-´-Xv. eqY¿ cl-ky-Ip-º-kmcw Ah-km\w hsc \S-Øn-sb-¶nepw

eqYd\nkw AXn√mXm°n, AXn-\p -]Icw Iu¨kn-enwKv \S-ØpI-

bmWv.

tdma≥ ItØm-en°m k`-bpsS sX‰p-Iƒ Nq≠n-°m-Wn-s®-¶n-epw,

Hcp kºq¿W ssZh-imkvXw kw`m-h\ sNøphm≥, eqYdn\p km[n-

®n√. ]utcm-ln-Xyhpw ]h-N-\-hpw, t\cn- p≈ ]m¿∞-\bpw, hnip-≤∑m-

cpsS a≤y-ÿ-Xbpw, InkvXym-\n-bpsS kzmX-¥yhpw, k`-bpsS

Hcpan∏pw, thZ-]p-kvX-I-Øn-s‚bpw ]mc-º-cy-Øn-s‚bpw Hcp-an-®p≈

B[n-Im-cn-I-Xbpw hnizm-k-Øm-ep≈ \oXo-I-c-Whpw ]hr-Øn-bpsS

Bh-iyhpw ]ptcm-ln-Xs‚ ASpØp≈ Ipºkmchpw t\cn´p≈ A\p-

Xm] ]m¿∞-\bpw Hcp-an®p sIm≠p-t]m-Ip-hm≥ BKvkv_¿Kv I¨ -

j\p km[n-®n-√.

3. hnizm-k-Øm¬ amX-ap≈ (Sole fidei) \oXo-I-cWw

]hr-Øn-bn-√mØ hnizmkw aXnsb∂ [mcW eqY-dns‚ ]-Tn-∏n-

°¬ aqe-ap≠m-bn´p-≠v. bmt°m-_ns‚ teJ\w "shdpw hbvt°m¬'

F∂p eqY¿ hnh-£n-®Xv eq-Y-dns‚ sX‰n-≤m-c-W -aq-e-am-Wv. hnizm-k-

Øm¬ amXsa∂ Bi-b-a√ ]utemkv «olm ]Tn∏n®Xv. "Ir]bmet√m

\mw hnizmkw aqew c£n°-s∏´n-cn°p-∂Xv' (F-t^. 2:8) F∂v At±lw

87hnizm-k-Zo]vXn

]d-bp∂p. At∏mƒ hnizmkw amX-a√ c£bv°v Bhiyam-bncn-°p-

∂Xv. "c£-bv°mbn ]h¿Øn-∏n≥' (^n-en. 2:12) F∂pw ]utemkv «olm

]dbp∂p. AtXka-bØp ]h¿Øn-∏n-°p-∂Xp I¿Øm-hmWv. "C—n°

F∂Xpw ]h¿Øn° F∂Xpw ssZhat√m Xncp-hp≈ap≠mbn ]h¿-

Øn-°p-∂Xv' (^n-en. 2:13) F∂pw ]utemkv ]d-bp-∂p.

A_-lm-ans‚ hnizmkw, ]hr-Øn-tbm-Sp -Iq-Sn-b-Xm-bn-cp∂p F∂p

bmt°m_p «olm Nq≠n-°m-Wn-°p-∂p. ""\ΩpsS ]nXm-hmb A_lmw

Xs‚ aI-\mb Ck-lm°ns\ bmK-]o-T-Øn-t∑¬ A¿∏n-®n´v, ]hr-

Ønbm¬ A√tbm \oXoIcn-°s∏´-Xv. Ahs‚ ]hrØn- hn-izm-k-

tØmSp IqSn hym]-cn®p F∂pw, ]hr-Øn-bm¬ hnizmkw ]q¿W-ambn

F∂pw \mw ImWp-∂p-ht√m'' (bm-t°m. 2:21 f). ]hr-Øn-bn√mØ, ]nim-

Nns‚ hnizmkw ^e-iq-\y-am-sW∂pw bmt°m_v «olm ]d-bp-∂p.

""ssZhw GI≥ F∂p hniz-kn-°p-∂pthm? sIm≈mw, ]nim-Np-°fpw

Aßs\ hniz-kn-°p-Ibpw hnsd-bv°p-Ibpw sNøp∂p'' (bm-t°m. 2:19).

B hnizm-k-Øm¬ ]nimNv \oXo-I-cn-°-s∏Sp∂n√ F∂p ]u-temkv

]Tn-∏n-°p-∂Xv thebpw Iqen-bpw -t]mse In´p∂ H∂√ c£-sb∂p

ImWn-°p-hm-\m-Wv. hnizm-k-Øns‚ ]hr-Øn-Iƒ ths≠∂v CXn\v

A¿∞-an-√. \ymb-]-am-W-a-\pk-cn-®p≈ ]hrØn- amXw t]msc∂v

hnh£.

"hnizm-k-Øm¬ amXw' F∂ kn≤m-¥w -aq-e-amWv kmaq-ly-\o-Xn-

sb-°p-dn-®p≈ Dƒ°mgvN eqY-dn\v C√msX t]mb-Xv.

Ir]-bm-ep≈ c£-bmWv Hm¿Ø-tUmIvkv k` ]Tn∏n°p∂-Xv. Ir]-

bm-emWp hnizm-khpw ]hr-Ønbpw F∂pw Hm¿Ø-tUmIvkv k -Iƒ

]Tn-∏n-°p-∂p. "Rm≥ BIp-∂Xp Ir]-bm-em-Ip∂p' (1 sImcn. 15:10).

"Ahs‚ Ir]-bm¬ InkvXp-tbiphn¶se hos≠Sp∏p aqew kuP-\yam-

btX \oXo-I-cn-°-s∏-Sp-∂Xv' (tdm-a. 3:24). "\mw Ahs‚ Ir]-bm¬ \oXo-

I-cn-°-s∏´p' (XotØm. 3:6) F∂ hmIy-amWp hnizm-k-Øm¬ \oXoIcn-

°s∏´p F∂Xnt\°mƒ A¿∞k-ºq¿Æw. Ir]bm¬ hnizm-khpw

]hr-Ønbpw D≠m-Ip-∂p. Ir]m-am¿K-ß-fmWp IqZm-i-Iƒ.

4. ]utcmlnXytØmSp≈ FXn¿∏v

]utcm-ln-Xy-sØ-°p-dn-®p≈ H´p-h-fsc sX‰n-≤m-c-W-I-fpsS ASn-

ÿm-\Øn¬ BWp eqY¿ ]utcm-lnXytØmSv FXn¿∏p ImWn-®Xv.

tdma≥ ItØm-en-°¿ Ip¿_m-\-bn¬ A∏w amXw sImSp-°p-∂-Xn-s\bpw,

\n¿_-‘nX k∂ymkw ]´-°m-cn¬ \ne-\n¿Øp-∂-Xn-s\bpw eqX¿

FXn¿Øp. cl-ky-ambn Ip¿_m\ sImSp-°p-∂-Xns\bpw BKvkv_¿Kv

88 hnizm-k-Zo]vXn

I¨^j≥ FXn¿°p∂p≠v. clky Ipº-km-c-Ønse Zpjn∏p am‰p-

∂-Xn\p ]Icw Ipº-kmcw Xs∂ C√m-Xm-°n-°-f-™p. k\ym-k-h-X-

ßsf FXn¿°p-∂-Xn-\p- ]-Icw AXns‚ Zpjn-∏n-s\- B-bn-cp∂p

FXn¿t°-≠-Xv.

]m∏m-tbm-Sp≈ FXn¿∏mWp ]utcm-ln-Xy-tØm-Sp≈ FXn¿∏n\p

Imc-Ww. ]tXyI ]utcmln-XyØns‚ Bibw eqY¿ th≠X a\-

nem-°n-bn-√. I¿Ømhp injy-∑m-cpsS ta¬ DuXn. "Fs‚ ]nXmhv

Fs∂ Ab°p-∂-Xp- t]mse Rm≥ \nßsf Ab-bv°p∂p' (tbm-l.

20:21) F∂v tbip Iev]n-®p. sI´p-hm\pw Agn-°p-hm\pw A[n-Imcw

sImSp-ØXv injy-∑m¿°p \¬Inb ]tXyI ]utcm-ln-XysØ ImWn-

°p∂p. hnizm-kn-Iƒ°p s]mXp ]utcm-ln-Xy-am-Wp-≈-Xv.

C∂p tehy-c-√m-Ø-h¿°pw ]tXyI ]utcm-ln-Xyhpw s]mXp

]utcm-ln-Xyhpw e`n-°p-∂p. ]tXyI ]utcm-ln-Xy-an-s√-¶n¬, s]mXp

]utcm-ln-Xy-an-√. s]mXp ]utcm-ln-Xy-an-√msX ]tXyI ]utcm-ln-

Xyhpw C√. Ch ]c-kv]-c- ]q-c-I-ß-fm-Wv.

tNmZy-߃

1. am¿´n≥ eqY-dns‚ \ho-I-c-W-Øn-\n-S-bm-°nb Imc-W-߃ Gh?

Ah C∂-v Fhn-sS-sb√mw \ne-\n-ev°p∂p?

2. \ho-I-c-W-Øns‚ t\ -ßfpw tIm -ßfpw hne-bn-cp-Øp-I.

3. C∂v Hmtcm k`bv°pw D≠m-tI≠ \ho-I-c-W-߃ hnh-cn-°p-I.

]mTw 2

Im¬hn\pw s]kv_n-t‰-dn-b≥

hnizm-khpw

Im¬h-n\nkw s]kv_nt‰dnb\nkw (aq∏∑mcpsS `cWw) hna¿-

i\߃ kznw•n

^©p-Im-c-\mb Hcp \ho-I-cW I¿Øm-hm-bn-cp∂p tPm¨ Im¬-

hn≥ (1509- 1564). 24- mw hb n¬ ItØm-en°m k`bn¬ \n∂pw AI∂v

\ho-I-cW ]ÿm-\-Øn\p t\XrXzw \¬In. 16- mw \q‰m-≠nse \ho-I-

cW inev]n-I-fn¬ eqY-dn\pw Im¬hn\pw D≈ ÿm\w AZznXobam-Wv.

89hnizm-k-Zo]vXn

1. Im¬hn-\nkw

eqY-d\nkØn-se t]mse (1) thZ-]p-kvXIw amXw k -bpsS hnizm-

k-Øn\v ASn-ÿm\w F∂pw (2) ]hrØn IqSmsX hnizm-k-Øm¬

amXw \oXoIcWw F∂pw NphsS tN¿Øncn°p-∂-hbpw Im¬hn-\nkw

]Tn-∏n-®p.

1. Hcn-°¬ c£-s]-´m¬ Ft∂bv°pw c£n-X-cm-Wv. c£ \jvS-

s∏-Sp-Ibn√.

2. c£m- \n¿W-tbm-]-tZiw icn-bm-Wv.

3. Nnesc kz¿K-Øn\pw Nnesc \c-I-Øn\pw ssZhw ap∂n-b-an-

®n-cn°p-∂p.

4. Bflm-hns‚ km£y-Øm¬ thZ-]p-kvX-I-Øns‚ sX‰n-°q-Sm-

bvabpw B[n-Im-cn-IXbpw amX-a-√, Gh-bmWv Imt\m-\nI

KŸ-߃ F∂pw IqsS Adn-bmw.

5. hogvNbv°p tijw a\pjy\p kzbw c£n°m≥ km≤ya-

s√∂p amX-a-√. Ah≥ C—n-°p-∂Xpw ]h¿Øn-°p-∂Xpw ]m]-

amWv. InkvXp-hn-ep-≈-h¿°p Ima-Øns‚ BI¿j-W-X-bpsS

ÿm\Øv Ir]-bpsS BI¿j-W-obX e`n-°p-∂p. InkvXym-

\n-bpsS ]m]-߃ InkvXp-hns‚ Ir]-bm¬ kuP-\y-ambn ]cn-

l-cn-°-s∏- n-cn-°p-∂p. Cu Ir] \jvS-s∏-Sp-I-bn-√.

6. Ip¿_m\ ssZhIr-]bpsS Hcp km£yw amX-am-Wv. eqY-dn-

s‚bpw kznw•nbpsSbpw Ip¿_m\sb°pdn®p≈ ]Tn-∏n°en

s‚bpw CS-bv°p≈ ÿm\-am-Wv, Im¬hns‚ ]Tn-∏n-°-en-\p-≈Xv.

2. s]kv_n-t‰-dn-b-\nkw (aq-∏-∑m-cpsS `c-Ww)

Im¬hns‚ ]Tn∏n°¬ kzoIcn®hsc dnt^m¿avUv k`Iƒ

F∂mWp s]mXpsh ]d-™p-h-cp-∂-Xv. hnipX ssZh-im-kvX-⁄-\mb

Imƒ _m¿Øv CXnse Hcp AwK-am-bn-cp-∂p.

1. Hmtcm CS-h-Ibn-sebpw `c-Wm[nImcw, Ahn-SsØ ]mÿ

°pw, At±lsØ klm-bn°p∂ sXcs™Sp-°s∏´ aq∏-

∑m¿°p-a-tX. ]e CS-h-I-I-fnse aq∏-∑m¿ tNcp-∂-XmWp

kp∂-l-tZm-kv. Xpey AwK-Xz-ap≈ ]mÃ-d-∑mcpw aq∏-∑mcpw

tN¿∂-XmWp P\-d¬ Akwªn. CXn\mWp ]c-am-[n-Im-cw.

P\ßfm¬ sXcs™Sp°s∏Sp∂hcmWv Akwªn AwK-߃.

90 hnizm-k-Zo]vXn

2. At∏m-kvtXm-enI ssIhbv]v aq∏-∑m¿ hgn XpScp∂p F∂p

]Tn-∏n-°p-∂-h-cp-≠v. AXv A][m-\-sa∂p hniz-kn-°p-∂-h-cp-

ap-≠v.

3. `cWØn\p klm-bn-°p∂ aq∏-∑m¿ ] -Xz-an-√m-Ø-h-cm-sW∂pw

D≈-h-cm-sW∂pw c≠p ]£-°m-cp≠v.

4. hn. Ip¿_m\ \n¿_-‘-an-√.

5. F∏n-kvt°m-∏¬ `c-Whpw ]pXnb-\n-b-a-Øn¬ D≠m-bn-cp-

s∂∂v Ct∏mƒ ]e s]kv_n-t‰-dn-b-∑mcpw kΩ-Xn-°p-s∂-

¶nepw BZy-hn-izmkw AXn\v FXn-cm-bn-cp-∂p.

120 e£w s]kv_n-t‰-dn-b-∑m¿ temI-Øn-ep-≠v. kvtIm´ve≠n¬

amXamWv CXns\ tZiob k`bmbn AwKo-I-cn-®n-´p-≈-Xv. Bflob

Imcy-ß-fn¬ tÉv CS-s]-S-cp-sX∂ \n¿_‘w Ahn-sS-bp-≠v. AhnsS

Cu \ho-IcWw sIm≠p-h-∂Xv tPm¨t\mIvkv BWv. C¥y-bnse

s]kv_n-t‰dn-b≥ k -Iƒ sX∂n¥yk -bnepw (kn. Fkv. sF.) DØ-

tc-¥y≥ k`-bnepw (kn. F≥. sF.) tN¿∂n-cn-°p-∂p.

3. hna¿i-\-߃

Im¬hn\pw tdma-m k`bpsS sX‰pIƒ Nq≠n°mWns®¶nepw,

kºq¿W-amb Hcp ssZhimkvXw Zm\w sNbvXn-√. Im¬hns‚ KŸw

s]kv_n-t‰-dn-b≥ k -Iƒ°pw a‰p s]m -Âp-Im¿°pw Hcp B[n-Im-

cnI KŸ-am-Wv.

eqY-dn¬ \n∂pw n∂-amb kz`m-h-amWp Im¬hn\v D≠m-bn-cp-∂Xv.

Nne Ncn-X-Im-c-∑m-cpsS ZrjvSn-bn¬ Zb-bn-√mØ Hcp tkz—m-[n-]-Xn-

bmbn Im¬hn≥ P\o-hm-bn¬ cWw \S-Øn.

(a) Zznhn[ ap≥\n¿Wbw (Double predestination)

CXp Im¬hns‚ sX‰mb ]Tn-∏n-°-em-bn-cp-∂p. aØm. 20:23, tbml.

10:29; tdma. 8:28˛30; Ft^. 1:3˛14, 2 Xntam. 1:9, 2 sImcn. 4:4, 1 sImcn. 4:7

F∂o thZ-`m-K-߃ Nnesc \c-I-Øn\pw a‰p- Nn-esc kz¿K-Øn\pw

ap≥\n¿W-bn®ncn°p∂p F∂p≈Xn\p sXfnh√. ssZh-Øns‚ ap≥-

\n¿W-b-]-Imcw amXamWp Nne¿ \c-I-Ønepw a‰p- Nn-e¿ kz¿K-Ønepw

t]mIp-∂-sX-¶n¬ B t]mIp-∂-h¿°v AXn¬ Hcp ]¶p-an-√t√m.

"Rm≥ BIp-∂Xp ssZh-Øns‚ Ir]-bm-emIp∂p' F∂p ]d-bp-∂Xp-

sIm≠v F\n°v Hcp ]¶p-an-s√∂v A¿∞-an-√. lqa-\-tbmkpw

91hnizm-k-Zo]vXn

AeIvk¥dpw kmØm\v G¬∏n-°-s∏-´Xp \√ a\- m£n X≈n-°-

f™p hnizm-k-°-∏¬ XI¿ØXn\memWv (1 Xn-tam. 1:20). ssZh-Øns‚

ap≥\n¿Wbw amX-amWv ChnsS ]h¿Øn-®-sX∂p ]d-bm≥ hø.

A¥y-\ym-b-hn-[n-bn¬ CS-Øp-≈-hsc in£m-hn-[n-bn-te°pw, he-

Øp-≈-hsc A\p-K-l-Øn-te°pw Ab-bv°p-∂-Xv, c≠p Iq´-cp-sSbpw

tZmjhpw KpWhpw ]d-™p-sIm-≠mWv (aØm. 25:31). ]nim-Nn\pw

Ahs‚ ZqX-∑m¿°pw Hcp-°n-bn-cn-°p∂ \nXym·n F∂mWp \c-I-sØ-

°p-dn®p ]d-™n-cn-°p-∂-Xv. ssZh-km-Zriyap≈h¿°mbn Hcp-°n-bn-cn-

°p-∂Xp ssZh-`-h-\-am-Wv. c≠p Iq´cpw Ah¿°p \evInb kzmX-

¥ysØ Fßs\ ssIImcyw sNbvXp F∂-Xns\ ASn-ÿm-\-am-°n-

bmWp in£bpw A\p-K-lhpw ]m]n-°p-∂-Xv.

Ccp]Xmw \q‰m≠n¬ Im¬hns‚ G‰hpw henb h‡mhmb Imƒ

_m¿Øv CXns\ Xncp-Øn. At±lw ]d-bp-∂Xp X≈s∏-´Xp tbip-

InkvXp amX-am-sW∂pw kz¿K-Øn\mbn sXc-s™-Sp-°-s∏-´Xp a\p-

jy-cmin apgp-h-\p-am-sW-∂p-am-Wv. ""Fs‚ ssZh-ta, Fs‚ ssZhta, \o

Fs∂ ssIhn´sX¥v,'' F∂p I¿Ømhp \ne-hnfn®t√m. ap≥\n¿Wbw

ssZh-kz- m-hsØ hnI-e-s∏-Sp-Øp-∂p.

ASp-Ø-Xmbn Hcn°¬ c£s∏- m¬ F∂pw c£s∏´ncn°psa∂p≈

]Tn-∏n°ens\-°pdn®p Nn¥n-°mw. ""c£-bpsS B\µw F\n°p XncnsI

XcWta'' (k-¶o. 51:12) F∂p ZmhoZv ]m¿∞n®Xns‚ A¿∞w,

t\csØ c£-bpsS B\µw D≠m-bn-cp-s∂∂pw, ]m]w \nanØw AXp

\jvS-s∏s´∂pw, ssZhw ]m]£a \¬In ho≠pw ]g-b -c£m

kt¥mjw sImSp-°-W-sa∂pamWt√m. AXn\m¬ Hcn-°¬ c£-s∏-

´m¬ Ft∂°pw c£-s∏- -Xm-bn-cn-°p-sa∂ ]Tn-∏n-°¬ icn-b-√.

ank-bo-anse ASn-a-Ø-Øn¬ \n∂pw c£ ]m]n-®-h¿ F√m-hcpw

hmKvZ-Ø-\m-Smb I\m≥ \m´n¬ sNs∂-Øn-bn-s√-∂pw, AXp-t]mse

c£-bpsS A\p- hØn-te°p h∂-h¿ hoWp-t]m-ImsX PmK-X-bm-bn-

cn-°-W-sa∂pw ]utemkv «olm ]Tn-∏n-°p∂p (sIm-cn. 10:1˛13).

Hcn-°¬ c£-bpsS A\p-`-h-Øn-te°p h∂-h¿ ]n∑mdnt∏mbm¬,

Ahsc ho≠pw am\- m-¥-c-Øn-te°p ]pXp-°p-hm≥ Ign-hp-≈-X√ F∂v

F_mbteJ\ I¿Ømhpw ]d-bp∂p (F-_m. 5:1˛6).

bqZ kv°dn-tbmØ I¿Øm-hns\ A\pKan®-t∏mƒ c£bpsS A\p-

`hw Ipsd-sb-¶nepw D≠m-bn-°m-Wp-a-t√m. F∂m¬ Zhym-Klw aqew

\in-®p-t]mbn (tbm-l. 17:12). ZhymKlw kIehn[ tZmj-Øn\pw

92 hnizm-k-Zo]vXn

aqeat√m. Nne¿ AXp Imw£n-®n´p hnizmkw hn´p-g-∂v, _lp-hn[ ZpxJ-

߃°v A[o-\-cm-bnØo¿∂n-cn-°p∂p (1 Xntam. 6:10) F∂p ]utemkv

«olm ]d-bp-∂n-SØp c£-bpsS A\p- -h-Øn-te°p hcp-∂-h¿ ]n∂oSp

\in-°p-∂-Xt√ Dt±-in-°p-∂Xv?

"Ah-km-\-tØmfw kln®p \nev°p-∂-h¿ c£n-°-s∏Spw' (a¿t°m.

13:13) F∂pw I¿Ømhp ]d-™n-cn-°p-∂-Xn-\m¬, Ah-km-\-tØmfw

\in®pt]mIp-∂-Xn-\p≈ km≤y-Xbpw D≠v.

c£-bpsS A\p- -h-Øn¬ aptºm´pt]mIp∂p F∂-√msX, c£-s]´p

Ign™p F∂p ]utemkv «olm t]mepw ]d-bp-∂n√ (^n-en. 3:12˛14).

AXn-\m¬ C\n \jvS-s∏-Sp-I-bn-s√∂ hn[Ønep≈ c£ e`n-s®∂v

B¿°mWp ]d-bm≥ Ign-bpI?

1 sImcn. 3:12˛15 Hcp-Ø≥ ]WnX ]hrØn \ne-\n¬°p-sa-¶n¬,

Ah\p ]Xn-^ew In´pw, Hcp-Øs‚ ]hrØn sh¥pt]msb-¶n¬,

Ah\p tNXw hcpw, Xmt\m c£n-°-s∏-Spw. F∂m¬ Xobn¬°q-Sn-sb-

∂t]msebtX. ChnsS Ah\hs‚ ]hrØn°p bmsXmcp ÿm\hp-

ans√∂p ]dbp∂n√. ChnsS c£ ssZhØns‚ Zm\am-sW∂pw AXv

Gh¿°pw D≈XmI-bm¬ A¥naambn amXw c£n-°s∏-Spsa∂p

hymJym-\n-®m¬ ssZh-Øn¬ ]£m-t -Zap-s≠∂p hcpw.

(b) c£m\n¿W-tbm-]-tZiw

c£-s∏-´-h¿°p kt¥m-j-Øm¬ c£m-\n¿Æ-b-ap-≠m-Ip-sa∂pw

Im¬hn≥ ]Tn∏n-®p. CXv A¿≤-k-Xy-am-Wv. "c£-bpsS B\µw XncnsI

Xc-Wta' (k-¶o. 51:12) F∂p ZmhoZv ]m¿∞n-®-Xn-\m¬ ]m]tamN\w

e`n°ptºmƒ kt¥mjw e`n-°p-sa∂v ]d-bp-∂p. At∏m. ]. 16:34 epw

CXp ImWmw.

ChnsS Ah-\-h\v D≠m-Ip∂ t_m≤y-sa-∂-√msX Hcp hn[n-bmbn

Cu A\p`hw (c£mkt¥mjw) IW°m-°m≥ hø. \ymbhn-[nsb√mw

]pXs\ Gev]n-®n-cn-°p-∂p. \sΩ-°p-dnt®m a‰p≈hsc°p-dn-t®m, hn[n-

]-d-bphm≥ \ap°v B¿°pw Ah-Im-i-an-√. AXn-\p≈ Ign-hp-an-√.

(c) InkvXp-hn\p ]pd-Øp≈ \∑, Xn∑-bmtWm?

a‰p aXßfnse \∑sbbpw, InkvXym-\nIƒ Xs∂ kzbw \∑

AhIm-i-s∏-´m¬ Ah-sbbpw Xn∑bmbn´mWv Im¬hn≥ ImWp-∂Xv.

F√mw Ir]-bm¬ amXam-sW∂p ÿm]n°phm\msW¶nepw CXp icn-

bmb \ne-]m-S-√.

93hnizm-k-Zo]vXn

FhnsS \∑-bpt≠m AsX√mw GI-Pm-X-\mb ssZh-Øn¬ \n∂pw,

]cn-ip-≤mflm-hn¬ \n-∂p-ap≈-Xm-sW∂p Kln-°p-tºmƒ a‰p aX-ß-

fnse \∑sb \∑-bm-bn-Øs∂ Z¿in-°p-hm≥ km[n-°pw. "GXp a\p-

jy-s\bpw ]Im-in-∏n-°p∂ kXy-sh-fn®w temI-Øn-te°p h∂p-sIm-

≠n-cp∂p' (tbm-l. 1:9) F∂p tbml-∂m≥ «ol ]dbp-∂Xn¬, a‰p aX-

ßfnepw a\p-jy-cnepw, tbip ]h¿Øn-®psIm-≠n-cn-°p∂p F∂p a\-

n-em-°mw. "kI-ehpw Ah-\n¬ \n∂pw Ah-\mepw Ah¶-te-°pw BIp-

∂p-h-t√m' (tdma. 11:36). k¿t∆izcs‚ AZr-iy-amb i‡nbpw Znhy-

`mhhpw ]]-©krjvSn apX¬ krjvSn-I-fn¬ IqSn shfn-s∏- n-cn-°p∂p

(tdm-a. 1:20). AXn-\m¬ kI-e¿°pw ssZhsØ ]]©Øn¬ IqSn

ImWphm≥ km[n°pw. krjvSn-bn¬ e`n® ssZhkm-Zriyw ]m]-Øm¬

hnIr-Xamsb-¶nepw ]q¿W-ambn \jvS-s∏- n´n√. AXn-\m¬ ]]©-Øn¬

\∑ ImWpw.

Ata-cn°-bnse s]kv_t‰dn-b≥ k` CXn¬ Nne tN¿∏p-Iƒ Iq´n-

bn- p-≠v. 1967- ¬ Hcp ]cn-jvI-cn® ]Xn∏p ]kn-≤o-I-cn-®p. F∏n-kvt°m-

∏kn C√mØ cWamWv CXn¬ hn`m-h\w sNbvXn-cn-°p-∂Xv. shdpw

\nbasØ ASnÿm\s∏SpØnbpw, hy‡nKXamb i‡oI-cWØnepw

D≈ AXns‚ \ne-]mSpw IqSp-X¬ \ncq-]-W-hn-t[-b-am-bn-s°m-≠n-cn-

°p∂p F∂v R. J. Bradley ]d-bp-∂p (It has been increasingly criticizedfor its excessively juridical and individualistic emphasis).

4. kznwKvfn (1484-˛1531)

eqYdnt\°mƒ lqa\nkØns‚ t]cW e`n®hcmbncp∂p Im¬-

hn\pw kznwKvfn-bpw. kzn‰vk¿e-≠nse kqdn®n¬ (Zurich) Ah¿ hf¿-

Ønb s]m -Ân-khpw s]kv_-nt‰-dn-b-\n-k-ambn Xo¿∂p. tZhm-e-b-

ß-fn¬ \n∂p ]Xn-a-Ifpw NnX-ßfpw \o°n. k\ym-kn-amsc hnhm-l-

Øn\p t]cn-∏n-®p. AwKoIrX ItØm-en°m coXn-I-tfmSv FXbpw

AIew ]men-°pI F∂-Xm-bn-cp∂p ][m\ Dt±-iyw.

tNmZy-߃

1. eqY-dn-s‚bpw Im¬hn-s‚bpw ]Tn-∏n-°-ep-Iƒ Xmc-X-ay-s∏-Sp-ØpI.

2. hnhn[ ap≥\n¿W-b-Øns‚ tZmj-h-i-߃ hni-Z-am-°pI?

94 hnizm-k-Zo]vXn

]mTw 3

A\m-_m-]v‰nÃpImcpw

_m]v‰nÃv hn`m-K-ßfpw

Ch¿ F¥p ]Tn-∏n®p? Ch-cpsS BZy-Ime t\Xm-°ƒ ]oU-

Iƒ inip-kv\m\w ssZh-ln-Xhpw thZm-\p-k-c-W-w

1. Ch¿ F¥p ]Tn-∏n®p

ap≥ A≤ymbß-fn¬ hnh-cn® \ho-I-cW kvIqfp-I-tf-°mƒ \n¿Zm-

£Wy-amb \ho-I-cWw sIm≠p-h∂hcmWv A\m-_m-]v‰n-Ãp-Im¿.

k`bpsS ]mc-º-cy-ßfpw hf¿®bpw ssZh-im-kvXhpw A∏msS Ch¿

Xnc-kv°cn-°p-∂p. eqYdpw Im¬hn\pw kznwKvfnbpw Aßs\ sNbvXn-

´n-√. AXn-\m-emWp eqYdpw Im¬hn\pw kznwKvfnbpw inip-kv\m\w

XpS¿∂-Xv. inip-kv\m\w \nc¿∞-I-am-sW∂pw ho≠pw kv\m\-ta¬°-

Wsa∂pw Ch¿ ]Tn-∏n-®-Xn-\m¬ "ho≠pw kv\m\w' F∂ A¿∞Øn¬

"A\m-_m-]v‰n-Ãp-'Im-sc∂ t]cp-≠m-bn. "A\m' F∂ hm°ns‚ A¿∞w

"ho≠pw' F∂m-Wv.

thZ-hn-]-co-Xn-Isf k`-bn¬ tN¿°p-tºmƒ Ahsc kv\m\-s∏-Sp-

Ø-Wsa∂p hmZn-®-h¿ \memw \q‰m≠p apX¬ D≠m-bn-cp-∂p. F∂m¬

16- mw \q‰m-≠n-emWp inip-kv\m-\-ta-‰-hsc ho≠pw kv\m\s∏-Sp-Ø-W-

sa∂ D]-tZiw D≠m-b-Xv.

Ch-cpsS ]Tn-∏n-°-ep-Iƒ Xmsg tN¿°p-∂p:

(1) inip-kv\m\w thZ-]p-kvX-I-Øn¬ hy‡-ambn C√. AXn-\m¬

AXp sX‰m-Wv. (2) hnizm-k-kv\m\w amX-amWp icn. kv\m\w IqZm-i-

b-√. (3) ]q¿hnI k`-bnse AwK-߃ ho≠pw kv\m\ta‰m¬ Ah-

cpsS k`-I-fn¬ \n∂pw th¿s]-´p, th¿s]´ Iq´-hp-ambn Iq´mbva \S-

Ø-Ww. (4) Ip¿_m\ IqZm-i-b-√. Hm¿Ω- am-Xw. (5) Hu]-Nm-cn-I-amb

Bcm-[\ (formal worship) Bh-iy-an-√. eLp-hmb Iq´mbva ]m¿∞\

aXn. (6) ]pXn-b-\n-ba k` t]mse k` F∂pw Bbn-cn-°-Ww. ]cn-ip-

≤m-flmhv Ah-cn¬ ho≠pw H∂mw \p‰m-≠n-se- t]mse ]h-N-\-hcw

\¬In-bn-cn-°p-∂p. (7) ssZh-im-kvX-a√ Kncn]`m-j-W-amWv ][m-\w.

(8) InkvXym-\n-Iƒ bp≤-Øn¬ tNcm≥ ]mSn-√. (9) aZy-]∑m-scbpw

]pI-h-en-°m-scbpw k -bn¬ \n∂p ]pd-Øm-°Ww. (10) hnhmlw Ign-

°msa-¶nepw k\ym-knam-sc-t∏mse efnX PohnXw \bn-°Ww. (11) tbip-

InkvXp thKw c≠m-aXp h∂p kl-km_vZ hmgvN \S-Øpw. (12) Nne

95hnizm-k-Zo]vXn

Kq∏p-Iƒ XnXzhn-izmkw ]cn-Xy-Pn-®p. (13) Nne Kq∏p-Iƒ tbip-InkvXp

ssZh-a-√, Hcp t\Xm-hm-bn-cp∂p F∂p ]Tn-∏n-®p. (14) Nne Kq∏p-Iƒ

kI-ehpw s]mXp-h-I-sb∂v FÆn (At∏m. ]. 4:32˛35).

2. Ch-cpsS BZy-Ime t\Xm-°ƒ

Conrad Grebel (1498-1526), Felix Marz F∂o bphm°∑mcmWv

CXns‚ Bcw` ]h¿Ø-I¿. sK_¬, _mk-enepw hnb∂mbnepw ]mco-

knepw ]cy-S\w \SØn aSßnh∂v, kznwKvfn-bp-ambn G‰p-ap- n. 1523- ¬

Ah¿ ]c-kv]cw th¿]n-cn-™p. Swiss Brethren F∂ t]cn¬ sK_¬

Hcp kwL-S\ D≠m-°n. 1524-˛¬ inip-kv\m\w Dt]-£n-®p. XIvkm

IqSmsX efnXcoXn-bn¬ Xncp-h-Ømgw \S-Øn. hotdmsS Np‰n-\-S∂v

_Z-d≥ k`bn-te°p InkvXym-\n-Isf aX-]-cn-h¿Ø\w \SØn.

Belthasar Hubmaier F∂ ItØmen°m ]kwKI¿ ChtcmSp

tN¿∂v, 1525- ¬ kv\m\-ta-‰Xv a‰p≈hsc C°q- -Øn-te°v BI¿jn®p.

Xncp-h-Øm-g-tØmSp IqSn hnizm-kn-I-fpsS Im¬I-gp-Ip∂ NSßv XpSßn.

a‰p ]ecpw kzn‰vk¿e-≠nepw BkvSn-bm-bnepw, sX°pIngs° P¿Ω-

\n-bnepw Cu hnizmkw ]N-cn-∏n-®p.

3. ]oU-Iƒ

tdma≥ ItØm-en-°cpw eqY-d≥kpw kznwKvfn-b≥kpw Hcp-t]mse

Cu \qX\ D]-tZ-isØ shdp-Øp. Ahsc thZ-hn-]-co-Xn-I-fmbn k`-

Iƒ ]Jym-]n-®p. \qdpIW-°n\v A\m-_m-]v‰n-Ãp-Im¿ sIm√-s∏-´p.

Nnesc inc-tO-Z-\-Ømepw, Xobnepw sh≈-Ønepw Fdn™pw sIm√pI-

bp-≠m-bn.

CXn\v Hcp ImcWw 1524-˛1525- ¬ \S∂ I¿jI hnπ-h-Øn\v Ch¿

t\XrXzw sImSpØp F∂p≈XmWv. hnπh t\Xm-hmb Thomas Mun-tzer Hcp A\m-_m-]v‰n-Ãp-Im-c-\m-bn-cp-∂p. ] -W-ß-fn-em-bn-cp∂p Ch¿

A[n-I-hpw. IqSp-X¬ t]cpw Zcn-Z-cm-bn-cp-∂p. Ch¿ _lp- m-cyXzw D≈-

h-cpam-bn-cp-∂p.

Menno Simons F∂ ItØm-en°m ]ptcm-ln-X≥ Cu Kq∏n¬ 1536˛¬

tNcp-Ibpw At±-l-Øns‚ ]kw-K-Ømepw Fgp-Øp-I-fmepw sa\-ss\‰v

hn`mKw (Mennonite Sect) D≠m-Ip-Ibpw sNbvXp. C∂pw Ch¿ bp≤-

hncp-≤cpw ]mkn- n-Ãp-Ifpw (kam-[m-\-Imw-£n-Iƒ) tkh-\-X-Xv]-c-cp-

ambn ]h¿Øn®phcp-∂p.

A\m-_m-]v‰n-Ãp-Im¿ 16-˛mw \q‰m-≠n\p tijw £bn-®p. C∂sØ

96 hnizm-k-Zo]vXn

_m]v‰n-Ãp-Im¿, s]¥-t°m-kvXp-Im¿, N¿®v Hm v tKmUv (ssZ-h-k`),

Akwªn Hm^v tKmUv, _Zd≥ k` Ch-sc√mw A\m-_m-]v‰n-Ãp-Im-

cmWv.

4. inip-kv\m\w ssZh-ln-Xhpw thZm-\p-k-c-W-hp-w

inip-kv\m\w thZm-\p-krXw F∂p hni-Zo-I-cn-°p∂ NphsS tN¿-

°p∂ ]pkvX-I-߃ hm-bn®v t\m v Ipdn-°p-I.

1. KŸ-I¿Øm-hns‚ "aq∂p hnizmk kXy-߃.'

2. sI. F≥. Zm\n-tb-ens‚ "inip-kv\m\w thZ-]p-kvX-Im-Sn-ÿm-

\-Øn¬.'

3. ]utemkv am¿ KotKm-dn-tbm-kns‚ "inip-kv\m\w ssIkvXh

hnizmkØn¬' (]uckvXy ssIkvXh Z¿i-\w, Znhy-t_m-[\w

]kn-≤o-I-c-Ww).

4. A©¬ Koh-dpKokv A-®s‚ "A∂m-Ωbpw ]mÃdpw.'

5. ‰n. sP. tPmjzm A®s‚ "sh≈-Øn¬ \n∂pw Bflm-hn¬

\n∂pw.'

Oscar Cullman, Jeremias, apXemb ]pXn-b-\n-ba ]fin-X-∑m¿ inip-

kv\m\w icn-bm-sW∂p ]pX-nb\n-ba ASnÿm\Øn¬ sXfn-bn-®n- p≠v.

thZ-]p-kvXIw amXw F∂ sX‰mb ]am-W-amWv Chsc sX‰mb

\nK-a-\-Øn-te°p \bn-®-Xv. Bdmw ]mT-Øn¬ thZ-]p-kvX-Ihpw ]mc-

º-cyhpw F∂ hnjbw hmbn-°p-I. ]mc-º-cyhpw B-hiyamsW∂v

AXn¬ ka¿∞n-®n- p-≠v.

1. a¿t°m. 16:16 BWv inip-kv\m-\-Øn-s\-Xn-cm-bn A\m-_m-]v‰n-

Ãp-Im¿ ]d-bp-∂-Xv. F∂m¬ AhnsS inip-°-sf-°p-dn®v H∂pw

]d-bp∂n-s√∂pw ]mb-am-b-h-cpsS Imcyw amX-amWp ]d-bp-

∂-sX∂pw Kln-°p-tºmƒ Cu mKw inip-kv\m-\-Øn\v FXn-

cs√∂p a\ nem-°mw. "\n߃ `qan-bn¬ Hs°bpw t]mbn

kphnti-jw ]kw-Kn-∏n≥' F∂p (a¿t°m. 16:25) ]d-™Xn\p

tij-amWv hnizkn-°p-Ibpw kv\m\-ta¬°p-Ibpw sNøp-∂-h¿

c£n-°-s∏-Spw hnizkn°mØh≥ in£m-hn-[nbn¬ AI-s∏Spw

(a¿t°m. 16:16) F∂p ]d-bp-∂-Xv. ]kwKw tIƒ°p-∂-h¿ ]mb-

am-b-h-cm-Wt√m. Ah-cn¬ hniz-kn°p∂-h¿, kv\m\-ta¬°p-

Ibpw c£n-°-s∏-Sp-Ibpw sNøpw. ]kwKw tI´n´pw hniz-kn-

°pItbm kv\m\-ta¬°p-Itbm sNøm-Xn-cn-°p-∂-h¿ in£m-hn-

[n-bn¬ AI-s∏-Spw. A°m-cy-amWv ChnsS ]d-bp-∂Xv.

97hnizm-k-Zo]vXn

a¿t°m. 16:9˛20 ]n∂oSp thZ-]p-kvX-I-Øn¬ Iq´n-t®¿Ø mK-

am-sW-∂p-≈Xpw ChnsS ]kvXm-hy-am-Wv.

2. "inip-°sf Fs‚ ASp-°¬ hcp-hm≥ hnSp-hn≥ Ahsc XS-b-

cp-Xv. ssZh-cmPyw Cß-s\-bp-≈-h-cp-tS-Xt√m' (a¿t°m. 10:14)

F∂v Acp-fn-s®bvX I¿Ømhns‚ A\pKlw ]m]n°p-∂-

Xn-\m-bn, inip-°sf Xs‚ ASp-°¬ sIm≠p-sN-√p-IbmWp

inip-kv\m-\-Øn¬ sNøp-∂-Xv.

3. sh≈Ømepw Bflmhmepw P\n®n√ F¶n¬ ssZhcm-Py-

Øn¬ IS∏m≥ B¿°pw IgnbpIbn√ (tbm-l. 3:5). AXn-\m¬

ssZh-cm-Py-Ønse AwK-ß-fm-°p-∂-Xn\p inip-°ƒ°p kv\m\w

\¬I-Ww.

4. "hmKvZØw \nß-fpsS inip-°ƒ°pw Gh¿°pw D≈-Xm-Wt√m'

(A-t∏m. ]. 2:39) F∂p s]¥n-t°mkvXn Znhkw ]cn-ip-≤mfl

\nd-hn¬ ]tXmkv «olm ]d™p. inip-°ƒ°pw F∂Xp

a°ƒ°pw F∂mWp thZ-]p-kvX-I-Øn¬ ImWp-∂-Xv. ChnsS

D]tbm-Kn-®n-cn°p-∂Xp "sSIv\' F∂ Ko°p ]-Z-ambXn\m¬

inip-°ƒ F∂p- X-s∂-bmWp ]tXmkv ]d-™Xv. AXn-\m¬

inip-°ƒ°p ]cn-ip-≤m-flmhp \¬Ip-∂-Xn\p kv\m\w \¬tI-

≠-Xm-Wv.

5. inip-°ƒ°v A\pKlw ]m]n∏m≥ Ign-bpw. a‰p-≈-h-cpsS

hnizmkw AXn\p klm-bn°pw. tbml-∂m≥ kv\m]-I≥

AΩ-bpsS K¿`-Øn¬ ]cn-ip-≤mfl \nd-hp-≈-h-\mbn Xp≈n

(eq-t°m. 1:41). amXm°ƒ inip°sf sIm≠ph∂t∏mƒ

I¿Ømhv Ahsc A\pKln®p. Ah¿°v B ]mbØn¬

A\p-Klw e`n°pIbn√mbncps∂¶n¬ I¿Ømhv A\p-

Kln°n-√m-bn-cp∂p (a-Øm. 19:13˛15; a¿t°m. 10:13˛16; eqt°m.

9:46˛48) inip-°sf hne-°nb injy-∑m-sc-t∏msebmWp inip-

kv\m\w hne-°p-∂-h¿.

6. ]cn-t—-Z\ inip-°ƒ°p \¬In. A_-lm-an-s‚bpw bnivamtb

en-s‚bpw ]cnt—Z\ Ign™v F√m B¨Ip-™p-ß-sfbpw

F´mw Znhkw ]cn-t—Z\ \SØnt∏m∂p (D-Xv]. 17:12). blqZk -

bn¬ AwKXzw inip°ƒ°v C]Imcw \¬InbXmbn ImWp∂p.

C]Imcw inip°ƒ°v InkvXob k`bn¬ AwKXzw sImSp

°p∂Xp sX‰mbncps∂¶n¬, AXns\ I¿Ømhp hne-°p-

ambncp∂p. Aßs\ Hcp hne°pw ]pXnb \nb-a-Øn¬ ImWp-

∂n√ (DXv] 21:4; tehy. 12:3; eqt°m 2:21; Kem. 3:27˛28; nen 3:5

98 hnizm-k-Zo]vXn

Ch t\m°p-I). sImsem 2:11˛¬ amtam-Zo-kmsb InkvXp-hns‚

]cn-t—-Z\ F∂p hnfn-®n-cn-°p∂p.

7. I¿Ømhp ]cn-t—-Z-\bpw kv\m\hpw G‰Xp kI-e-\o-Xnbpw

\nh¿Øn-°p-hm-\m-bn-´m-bn-cp∂p. I¿Ømhv G‰Xp am\-km-¥-

c-Øns‚ kv\m\w AYhm tbml-∂ms‚ kv\m\-am-Wv. B

kv\m\-a√ \mw G¬°p-∂Xv (A-t∏m. ]. 19:1˛7 t\m°pI).

]utemkv «olm blq-Z-\m-Ip-hm≥ ]cn-t—-Z-\bpw, k` hgn

InkvXp-hn-t\mSp tNcp-hm≥ kv\m\hpw G‰p (^n-en. 3:5;

At∏m. ]. 9:18). ]pcp-j-∑m¿°p- amXw ]cn-t—Z\ \¬In-bn-cp-

∂Xv blq-Z-k- -bn¬ kvXoIƒ°p ]pcp-j-∑m-tcm-sSm∏w ÿm\-

an-√m-Xn-cp-∂-Xn-\mem-Wv. InkvXp-hn¬ kvXobpw ]pcp-j\pw

F∂ hyXym-k-an-√m-Ø-Xn-\m¬ (K-em. 3:28) kvXoIƒ°pw ]pcp-

j∑m¿°pw ]cn-t—Z\bpsS ]q¿ØoIcWamb kv\m\w

\¬Ip∂p. At∏m. ]. 15-˛mw A≤ym-b-Øn¬ bdq-itew kp∂-

ltZmkv Xocpam\n®Xv ]pdPmXnIsf BZyw ]cnt—Z\ G¬∏n

®n´v ]ns∂ kv\m\w sImSp-t°≠ Bh-iy-an-√, blq-Z\pw bh-

\\pw Hcp-t]mse kv\m\-ta-‰m¬ aXn-sb-∂m-Wv.

8. ]pXn-b-\n-baw apgph≥ hmbn-®m-epw, GsX-¶nepw IpSpw_

Øn¬ ]mb-am-b-h¿ amXw kv\m\-ta-‰-Xm-bpw, Ah-cpsS Ip´n-

Iƒ kv\m\-ta¬°msX ]n∂oSp hniz-kn®p kv\m\-ta-‰-Xmbpw

ImWp∂n√. AXn\m¬ A\m_m]v‰nÃpIƒ sNøp∂Xp

t]mse kv\m\w \¬Ip-∂-Xn\p ]mb-am-Ip-∂-Xp -hsc ImØn-

cn-°p-∂-Xn\v thZ-]p-kvX-I-Øn¬ sXfn-hn-√.

9. A©p IpSpw-_ßsf kv\m\ta¬∏n®Xmbn ]pXnb\nba-

Øn¬ ]dbp∂p. a‰p ]e IpSpw-_-ß-sfbpw kv\m\-s∏-Sp-Øn-

°m-Wpw. Ip™pßfns√¶n¬ `mcym-`¿Øm°∑msc°p-dn®v

Ah¿ Ccp-h-cp-sa-∂mWp ]d-bp-∂Xv (eq-t°m. 1:6). AXn-\m¬

Ip™p-ßfpw D≈ IpSpw-_-sØ-°p-dn®p ]d-bp∂p F∂p hnNm-

cn-°mw. GXm-bmepw Cu A©p IpSpw-_-ß-fnepw Ip™p-߃

C√m-bn-cp-s∂∂p hnNm-cn-°pI ]bm-k-am-Wv. blq-Z-∑m¿ IpSpw-

_sØ Hcp bqWn-‰m-bn-´mWp IW-°m-°n-bn-cp-∂-Xv. BJm≥

sNbvX Ip‰-Øn\p a°-sfbpw in£n®p (tbm-ip. 7:24˛25)

F∂p-≈Xv ChnsS ]tXyIw kvac-Wobam-Wv. B A©p

IpSpw-_-ß-fn¬ Ip™p-߃ D≠m-bn-cp-s∂-¶n¬ Ahsc am‰n

\n¿Øn ]mbamb-hsc amXw kv\m-\-s∏-Sp-Øn-sb∂p ]d-bp-

∂-h¿ IpSpw_w Hcp bqWn-‰mbn ]cn-K-Wn-®n-cp∂ hkvXpX

Adn-bm-Ø-h-cm-Wv.

99hnizm-k-Zo]vXn

a. At∏m. ]. 16:15: Ahfpw (ep-Zn-b) IpSpw-_hpw kv\m\-ta-‰-

tijw.

b. At∏m. ]. 16:33: Xm\pw (Im-cm-Kr-l-]-am-Wn) X\n°p≈

F√m-hcpw Xma-kn-bmsX kv\m\-ta-‰p.

c. At∏m. ]. 10:48: ]tXmkv Ahsc (sIm¿t∂-en-tbmkns‚

`h-\-°m-sc) tbip-In-kvXp-hns‚ \ma-Øn¬ kv\m\w Ign-∏n-

∏m≥ Iev]n-®p (A-t∏m-. ]. 11:14; \obpw \ns‚ Krlw apgp-

h≥ c£-s∏-Sp-hm≥).

d. At∏m. ]. 10:8: Inkvt]mkv Xs‚ kI-e-Ip-Spw-_-tØmSpw

IqsS I¿Øm-hn¬ hniz-kn-®p kv\m\w G‰p.

e. 1 sImcn 1:16: kvtX∏mt\mkns‚ `h\°mscbpw Rm≥

kv\m\w Ign-∏n-®p.

amXm-]n-Xm-°-∑m-cpsS hnizm-k-Øn¬ Ip´n-Iƒ°pw ]¶p-≠v. AXn-

\m¬ Ah¿°p kv\m\-ta¬°p-∂-Xn\v A¿l-X-bp-≠v.

10. BZy-]Sn ssZh-Ir-], ]ns∂ hnizmkw.

"\o Fs∂ Adn-bm-Xn-cn-s°, Rm≥ \ns∂ Hma-\-t∏¿ sNm√n-

hn-fn®p' (sb-i. 45:4). "\n߃ Fs∂ sXc-s™-SpØp F∂-√,

Rm≥ \nßsf sXc-s™-SpØp' (tbm-l. 15:16). "Fs‚ P\\w

apX¬ Fs∂ th¿Xncn®p' (K-em. 1:15). "C—n°sb∂Xpw

]h¿Øn-°-sb-∂Xpw \nß-fn¬ ssZh-at√m Xncp-hp-≈-ap-≠m-

bn´p ]h¿Øn-°p-∂Xv' (^n-en. 2:13). "Ir]-bm-et√m \n߃

hnizm-k-Øm¬ c£n-°-s∏-´n-cn-°p-∂-Xv' (F-s^. 2:8). hniz-kn-

°p-∂-Xn\p apºv BZyta Cu Ir] Ip™p-߃°p \¬Ip-I-

bn-sö hmZw _men-i-am-Wv.

11. hnizmkw BZytam ]n∂otSm F∂Xp ]iv\-a-√.

ia-cybn¬ amtam-Zokm G‰pIgn-™mWp ]cn-ip-≤mfl Zm\-

sa-¶n¬ (A-t∏m. ]. 8:16˛17). sIm¿t∂-en-tbm-kns‚ h-\Øn-¬

apsº-bmWv (A-t∏m. ]. 10:44˛47). CXp hen-sbm-cp -kXyw

ImWn-°p-∂p. hnizm-khpw IqZm-ibpw thW-sa-∂-√msX BZyw

hnizmkw. ]ns∂ IqZmi F∂ Hcp am‰an√mØ ]amWw thZ-

Øn-en-√. Ip™p-߃°v BZyw Ir]m-am¿K-amb IqZm-ibpw

]n∂oSp hnizm-k-hp-amWv F∂-Xn-\m¬ IqZmi Ir]m-am¿Kam-

Im-Xn-cn-°-pIbn√.

12. InkvXym-\n-I-fpsS Ip´n-Iƒ°p ]tXyI hnip-≤n-bp-≠v.

"Ahn-izmkn-bmb `¿Øm-hv, `mcy apJm-¥cw hnip-≤o-I-cn-°-

100 hnizm-k-Zo]vXn

s∏Spw. Ahn-izm-kn-bmb `mcy ktlm-Z-c≥ (`¿Øm-hp) apJm-

¥cw hnip-≤o-I-cn-°-s∏-´p-an-cn-°p-∂p. As√-¶n¬ \nß-fpsS

a°ƒ Aip-≤-sc∂p hcpw. Ct∏mtgm Ah¿ hnip-≤-cm-Ip∂p'

(1 sImcn. 7:14). Cu XØz-a-\p-k-cn®p InkvXym-\n-I-fpsS Ip´n-

Iƒ°p kv\m\-Øn\p IqSp-X¬ A¿l-X-bp-≠v.

13. k -bpsS hnizmkw AwK-߃°p e- n-°pw.

"Ah-cpsS hnizmkw I≠n´p ]£hmX°mct\mSp aI-t\,

\ns‚ ]m]߃ tamNn®pX∂ncn°p∂p F∂p ]d™p'

(a¿t°m. 2:9; aØm. 9:2). iniphns‚ amXm]nXm°∑mcpsSbpw

Xe-sXm-Sp∂ Bfp-sSbpw hnizmkØn¬°qSn Ip™n\v A\p-

Klw e`n-°p-∂p. Cu hnizm-k-Øn\p Vicarious faiths F∂p

]d-bp∂p.

14. inip-°ƒ k`bnse AwK-ß-fm-bn-cp∂p.

1 tbml. 2:12- 13 ¬ "Ip™p-ß-tf'-sb∂pw "]nXm°∑mtc' F∂pw

"_mey-°mtc' F∂pw kwt_m-[\ sNøp∂-p≠v. AXn\m¬

]mb-Øn¬ Ipd-hp-≈hsc-bmWp Ip™p-߃ F∂p ]d-bp-

∂n-SØv Dt±-in-°p-∂-Xv. Ip™p-߃°v AhcpsS ]m]-߃

tamNn-®n-cn-°p∂p F∂p ]d-bp-∂Xv Ah¿ amtam-Zokm G‰n-cn-

°p∂p F∂-Xns‚ kqN\bm-Wv.

15. aq∂mw iXm-_vZ-Øn¬ kv\m\-ta‰p acn® inip-°-fpsS ih-

°p-gn-bn-t∑-ep≈ I√p-Iƒ \n w-ibw ]Jym-]n-°p-∂Xp inip-

°sf amtam-Zokm ap°n-bn-cp∂p F∂p Xs∂-bm-Wv. Hcp I_-

dn-¶se I√v Cßs\ ]d-bp-∂p. hnizm-kn-I-fn¬ \n∂p≈ hnizm-

kn-bmb tkmkn-akv (Zosimus) F∂ Rm≥, c≠p hb pw

Hcp amkhpw 23 Znh-khpw ]mb-ambn ChnsS hni-an-°p-∂p.

GXm≠p 200-˛mw am≠n\SpØp≈ ImesØ inem-en-Jn-X-am-

Wn-Xv.

klZm Bb t]mfn-Im¿t∏mkv Xs‚ ]oU-I-tcmSp ]d-bp-∂p:

""86 h¿j-ambn Rm≥ I¿Øm-hns\ tkhn°p-∂p. C∂p-hsc

Ah≥ F\n°v Hcp tZmjhpw sNbvXn-´n-√. ]ns∂ C∂p Rm≥

Fßs\ Fs‚ c£I-s\Xn-cmbn ssZh-Zq-jWw sNøpw?''

At±lw Imew sNbvXXv 167-˛tem 168-˛tem BWv. Aß-s\-

sb¶n¬ At±lw P\n®Xv 86 h¿jw ap-ºv, AXmbXp InkvXz

_vZw 80-˛mam≠n-Sbv°mWv F∂pw, ssii-h-Ønse InkvXym

\n Bb-Xp-sIm-≠mWp 86 h¿jw tkhn®p F∂p ]d-bp-∂-

sX-∂pw, A\p-am-\n-°p-∂-Xn¬ sX‰n-√.

101hnizm-k-Zo]vXn

16. sFtd\n-b-kv, Hmdn-P≥, sX¿Øp-ey≥, lnt∏m-en-‰-kv, kn]n-

b≥ XpS-ßnbh-sc√mw inip-kv\m-\sØ \ymbo-I-cn®v Fgp-Xn-

bn- p≠v.

inip-°sf kv\m\-s∏-Sp-Øn-bn´v Ahsc AXn\p X°-hÆw

hf¿Øm-Xn-cn-°p-∂-XmWp \ΩpsS sX‰v.

tNmZy-߃

1. thZ-]p-kvXIw amXw F∂ ]Tn-∏n-°-ens‚ tZmj-߃ Gh?

2. inip-kv\m\w thZm-\p-k-cWw F∂p sXfn-bn-°p-I.

3. B[p-\nI A\m-_m-]v‰nÃp Kq∏p-Iƒ Gh? Ahsc Fßs\ k`-

bn-te°p sIm≠p-hcmw?

]mTw 4

tPm¨ sh…nbpw satYm-Un-khpw

tPm¨ sh…n (1703-˛1791) hf¿®-bpsS Imc-W-߃ hnizm-km-

Sn-ÿm-\-߃ ]mtbm-KnI Pohn-X-Øns‚ ]m[m\yw hne-bn-cp-

ج B[p-\nI satYm-Unkw

1. tPm¨ sh…n (1703-˛1791)

dh. kmap-th¬ sh…n-bpsS 19 a°-fn¬ 15- -m-asØ aI≥ Bbn-cp∂p

tPm¨ sh…n. 18- -m-asØ aI≥ Nmƒkv sh…n henb Kmb-I\pw, ]m´p-

Iƒ Fgp-Xp∂ Ihn-bp-am-bn-cp-∂p. 4430 ]m´p-Iƒ At±lw cNn-®n- p-≠tX.

Im¬hns‚ Cc- \n¿W-b-Øns\-Xn-cmbn D≠mb A¿Ωo-\nb\nkw

apX-emb hmZ-K-Xn-I-fpsS t]c-W-bn¬ Ch¿ hf¿∂p. Nnesc c£n-∏m-

\-√, Gh¿°pw th≠n-bmWp InkvXp acn-®-sX∂pw, Ir] Hmtcm-cp-

Øcpw kzmbØ-am-°-W-sa-∂pw, A¿ao-\n-b\nkw ]Tn-∏n-®p. Bw•n-°≥

k`mw-K-ß-fm-bn-cp∂ sh…n-am¿ 18 h¿jw k©mc DW¿hp ]kwK-

߃ \S-Øn. tPm¨ sh…n Xs∂ At\I ssa¬ k©-cn-®p 4000

]kw-K-߃ ]d-™n-´p-≠v. CXns‚ Bcw-`-ambn ]d-bp-∂Xp 1738 ¬

Hcp Znh-kw D≠mb lrZ-b-Øns‚ NqSpw am\-km-¥-cm-\p- -hhpw BWv.

tamtd-hn-b≥ k -°m-cpsS (Count Zinzedorf ÿm]n-®-Xv) ]m´pw kt¥m-

102 hnizm-k-Zo]vXn

jm-\p- -hhpw tPmWns‚ am\-km-¥-c-Øn-\n-S-bm-°n.

Bw•n-°≥ k`mw-KXzw hnSp-∂-Xn\p Nmƒkv FXn-cm-bn-cp-∂p. tPm¨

sh…n Ata-cn-°-bn¬ h®p c≠p ] -°m¿°p ]´w sImSp-ØXpw ktlm-

Z-c\v CjvS-am-bn-√. tPm¨ sh…n _n´ojv Zzo]p-I-fn¬ s\Sp-sIbpw

Ipdp-sIbpw k©-cn®v satYm-UnÃv skmssk-‰n-Iƒ cq]o-I-cn®p. 1781˛¬

100 ]kw-K-Isc kwL-Sn-∏n-®p satYm-UnÃv k` cq]o-I-cn®p. F∂n´pw

acWw hsc At±lw ]d™Xv N¿®v Hm v Cw•≠nse Hcp AwK-ambn

Rm≥ Pohn-°pIbpw acn-°p-Ibpw sNøp∂p F∂mWv. k` D≠m-bmepw

Cs√-¶nepw \mw Bflm-°sf t\Sp∂ ]hr-Øn-bn¬ i≤n-°Ww F∂p

]d-™Xp ]≈-nbn¬ ]kw-Kn-°m≥ A\p-hmZw e`n-°m-Ø-XpsIm-≠mWv.

InkvXz-\p-IcW KŸ-I¿Ømhv tXmakv AsI-ºkpw kl DW¿hp

]kw-K-I≥ tPm¿Pv ssh‰v o¬Upw (1714-˛1770) tPm¨ sh…n-bp-sS -

ta¬ t]cW sNep-Øn-bn- p-≠v.

tPm¨ sh…n-bpsS ]kw-K-Øn¬ tIƒhn-°m¿ \ne-hn-fn-°p-Ibpw

tamlm-e-ky-s∏-Sp-Ibpw sNbvXn-cp-∂p. Hcp BgvN Hcp ss]k hoXw

k`mw-K-ß-tfmSp hmßp-hm≥ ¢mkv eoU-d-∑msc sh…n \nb-an-®Xv

Bflob Iq´m-bvabv°pw klm-bn-®p. samtd-hy≥ k`-°m-sc-t∏mse

kvt\l-hn-cp∂pw Cu sNdnb Iq´m-bva-Iƒ \S-Øn-bn-cp-∂p. satYm-Unkw

hf¿Øn-b-Xn¬ Hcp ][m\ ]¶p hln-®Xp Aflmb ]kw-K-I-cm-bn-

cp∂p. satYm-Unkw Cw•-≠nepw Ata-cn-°-bnepw amX-a√ 19- mw \q‰m-

≠n¬ temI-Ønse an° cmPy-ß-fn-te°pw ]S¿∂p.

2. hf¿®-bpsS Imc-W-߃

Ata-cn-°-bpsS sX°v _m]v‰nÃv k` hf¿∂-Xp-t]mse hS°p

satYm-UnÃv k -bmWp hf¿∂-Xv.

1. Nnesc amXw ssZhw sXc-s™-SpØp F∂ Im¬hn-\-nk-Øn\p

]I-cw, ssZhw Gh-scbpw kvt\ln-°p∂p F∂pw, InkvXp

F√m-h¿°pw th≠n acn®v Dbn¿sØ-gp-t∂‰p c£-bpsS hgn

Xpd-s∂-∂pw, kzmX¥yw D]-tbm-Kn®p c£ kzoI-cn-°-W-

sa∂pw ]Tn-∏n-®p.

2. kphn-tijw temI-saßpw ]N-cn-∏n-°p-hm-\p≈ Bthiw

satYm-Un-ksØ Imcy-ambn hf¿Øn.

3. P\-߃ BZy-ambn IpSn-tbdn ]m¿Øp-sIm-≠n-cp∂ Kma-ß-

fn¬ ]kw-Kn-°-s∏´ kphn-tijw Ah¿°v Bizm-khpw Bi-

bhpw \¬In.

103hnizm-k-Zo]vXn

4. km[m-c-W-°m-cpsS `mj-bn¬ km[m-c-W-°m-cmb Bfp-Iƒ

efnX hnizmkw ]Tn-∏n-®p.

5. Ata-cn-°-bnse 13 tImf-\n-I-fnepw D≠mb hnπ-h-Øn\p tijw

satYm-Unkw IqSp-X¬ i‡n B¿Pn-®p.

6. ]e DW¿hv ]kw-K-Icpw satYm-Unkw hf¿Øp-hm≥ klm-

bn-®p.

7. k\ymk kaq-l-ß-sf-t∏mse ]mXnh-Xyw, ZmcnZyw, A\p-k-

cWw F∂o hX-Xbw AwKo-IrX \b-ambn C√m-bn-cp-s∂-¶nepw,

efn-X-Po-hn-X-Øn¬ IjvS-s∏´p k`sb hf¿Ønb ]e t\Xm-°-

∑m¿ C°q-´-Øn¬ D≠m-bn-cp-∂p.

8. Cw•-≠n¬ sh…n cq]o-I-cn® circuit plan Dw Ata-cn-°bv°p

IqSpX¬ A\p-tbm-Py-am-bn-cp-∂p.

9. hm¿jnI tIm¨^-d≥kv, Unkv‰n-Iv‰p-Iƒ, k¿Iyq-´p-Iƒ apX-

emb hy‡-amb Hm¿Udpw Iao-I-c-Whpw CXns‚ i‡n h¿≤n-

∏n®p.

10. ¢m v eoU-d-∑m¿ ITn-\-ambn A≤zm-\n®p P\-ßsf hnizm-k-

Øn¬ Dd-∏n-®p.

11. hntZ-iØp ÿm]n® k`-I-fn¬ tZiob t\Xm-°-∑msc ]cn-

io-en-∏n-°p-∂-Xn\p skan-\m-cn-Ifpw a‰pw ÿm]n-®v, ItaW

A[n-Imcw Ah¿°p ssIam-dn.

12. F√m AwK-ßfpw BgvN-tXmdpw Hcp s]\n (sN-dp-\m-W-bw)

sImSp-°p-∂-Xn¬ Bcw-`n® InkvXob Zm\w, CXns‚ kmº-

ØnI \ne Z-am-°n.

13. satYm-UnÃv hn`m-K-ßsf H∂m-°p-∂-Xn¬ satYm-Unkw sFIy-

iaw \S-Øn. H´p-h-fsc hnPbw t\Sn (Ata-cn-°≥ satYm-

UnÃp k`-bpsS C≥Uy≥ LSIw C≥Uy-bnse c≠v sFIy-

k- -I-fnepw tN¿∂n- n-√).

14. A®-S-°hpw k∑m¿K-\n-jvTbpw Iao-I-c-W-ßfpw IqSp-X-ep-≠m-

bn-cp-∂Xv Cu k -bpsS hf¿®bv°v klm-bn-®p.

15. Nmƒkv sh…n-bpsS Km\-߃ satYm-Un-k-Øns‚ ]Nm-csØ

klm-bn-®p.

3. hnizm-km-Sn-ÿm-\-߃

hnizm-k-ß-fn¬ ]e sX‰p-Ifpw D≠m-bn-cp-∂p.

1. hnip≤ Ip¿_m\ I¿Øm-hns‚ ac-W-Øns‚ Hm¿Ω-bm-Wv.

104 hnizm-k-Zo]vXn

AXn-\m¬ InkvXp-hns‚ bYm¿∞ km∂n≤yw Ip¿_m-\-bn-

en-√.

2. amtam-Zo-km-bn-e√ ho≠pw P\n-°p-∂-Xv. ]ns∂tbm InkvXym-

\n-bn¬ kw -hn-®p-I-gn™ ho≠pw P\-\-Øns‚ AS-bm-f-amWp

hn. amtam-Zo-km.

3. s_kv]p¿°m-\-bn-√m-Ø-Xn-\m¬, acn-®-h¿°p-th≠n ]m¿∞n-

®m¬ e-an-√.

hnizm-k-ß-fn¬ ]e \√ hi-ß-fp-ap-≠m-bn-cp-∂p:

1. tbip-InkvXp F√m-h¿°pw th≠n acn-®-Xn-\m¬ F√m-h-tcm-

Sp-ap≈ kvt\lw shfn-hm-°n.

2. hnizm-k-Øm¬ D≈ \oXo-I-cWw ap≥\n¿W-b-]-Im-c-a-√.

]ns∂tbm c£m-kzo-I-c-W-Øm¬ \Ωn¬ D≠m-Ip∂ ]pXp-P-

\-\-amWv. \Ωn-ep≈ ]m]-kz-`m-hsØ acn-∏n-°p∂ ]pXp-P-\-

\m-\p-`hw _mly-Po-hn-X-Øn¬ \Ωn¬ ]pXp-°n-s°m-≠n-cn-

°Ww.

3. ]cn-ip-≤m-flm-hn-\m¬ D≈n¬ km£y-ap-≈-h¿°pw ssZh-ss]-

X-em-sW∂ Dd-∏p-≠v. Im¬hn≥ ]Tn-∏n® c£m-\n¿W-b-a-√n-Xv.

4. \oXo-I-c-Ww, ]cn-ip-≤m-flm-hn-\m-¬ hnip-≤-Po-hnXw \bn-®p

hnip-≤o-I-c-W-Øn-te°pw ]q¿W-X-bn-te°pw Db¿Ø-s∏-Sp-hm-

\p≈ H∂m-asØ ]Sn- am-X-am-Wv. Xn∑sb FXn¿Øp\n¬°m≥

B¥-cob \oXo-I-cWw XpW-bv°p-∂p.

4. ]mtbm-KnI Pohn-X-Øns‚ ]m[m\yw

ssZh-im-kvX-tØ-°mƒ ]mtbm-KnI Pohn-X-Øn-\mWp sh…n

Du∂¬ \¬In-b-Xv.

1. F√m satYm-Un-Ãp-Im-c\pw lrZ-b-Øn¬ ssZh-kvt\lw D≠m-

bn-cn-°-Ww.

2. Bw•n-°≥ k`-bnse s]cp-∂m-fp-Iƒ°p ]pdsa kvt\l-hn-

cp∂pw tN¿Øp.

3. samtd-hy≥ hn`mKßfn¬ \n∂p ]Tn® ImØn-cn∏p cmXn, ]n≥Km-

an-Iƒ°p \¬In. Hcp-an®p ]mSp-hm\pw A\p-`-h-߃ ]¶n-Sp-

hm\pw aq∂p- am-k-Øn-sem-cn-°¬ ImØn-cn-∏p-cmXn Iao-I-cn-®p.

4. N¿®v Hm^v Cw•-≠ns‚ 39 hnizmkkXy-߃ (39 Articles offaith) Ata-cn-°≥ satYm-Un-Ãp-Im¿ cq]m-¥-c-s∏-SpØn D]-tbm-

Kn-®p-sImƒhm≥ A\p-h-Zn-®p. F∂m¬ ]tXyI hnizm-k-]-

105hnizm-k-Zo]vXn

amWw Bcm-[-\-bn¬ D]-tbm-Kn-®n-cp-∂n-√.

5. C∂sØ \ne: ]e Zi-e£w hnizm-kn-Iƒ C∂p satYm-Un-k-

Øn-ep-≠v. _m]v‰n-Ãp-Im¿ Ign-™m¬ Ata-cn-°-bnse G‰hpw

henb k` CXm-Wv. hfsc kº-∂-amb k` Bb-Xn-\m¬ At\I

Bip-]-Xn-Ifpw hnZym-`ymk ÿm]-\-ßfpw B^n-°-bn-epw,

Gjy-bnepw, ]k-^nIv Zzo]p-I-fnepw, em‰n≥ Ata-cn-°-bnepw

Ah¿ \S-Øp-∂p-≠v.

5. Hm¿Ø-tUmIvkv ho£-W-Øn¬

CXn-\p≈ t]mcm-bva-Iƒ

1. Ncn-X-]-c-amb F∏n-kvtIm-∏¬ ssIsh∏pw XpS¿®bpw Cu

k`bv°v C√. kss -Iy-Øn\v CXv Bh-iy-am-Wv.

2. IqZm-i-Isf kw_-‘n®p icn-bmb ssZh-im-kvX-an-√. Bw•n-

°≥ k`-bnse Hcp ]ptcm-ln-Xs‚ aI≥ Bbn-cp-∂n´pw hn.

IqZm-i-Iƒ Ir]m-am¿K-߃ BsW∂ ]T\w sh…n°v e`n-®-

Xmbn ImWp-∂n-√. ssZh-h-N\ ]Jym-]-\-Øn\v IqSp-X¬

]m[m\yw \¬In-b-Xn-\m-em-bn-cn°mw Cßs\ h∂-Xv.

3. hnip-≤-∑m-cpsS kwk¿K-Øn¬ (hmßn-t∏m-b-h¿°p th≠n

]m¿∞n-°p-I, Ah-cpsS a≤y-ÿX At]-£n-°p-I, Ah¿

\ap°p th≠n ]m¿∞n-°p∂p F∂p hniz-kn-°p-I) hniz-kn-

°p-∂n-√. thZ-]-T-\-Øns‚ Ipd-hm-Wn-Xn\p Imc-Ww. Pohn-®n-

cn-°p-∂-h-cpsS I¿Ø-hy-߃°v Ah¿ IqSp-X¬ ]m[m\yw

\¬In (A-SpØ A≤ym-b-Øn¬ hnip-≤-∑m-cpsS kwk¿K-sØ-

°p-dn®p ]d-™n-cn-°p-∂Xp ImWpI).

4. kmaqly tkh-\-Øn¬ \n∂p kmaq-ly-\o-Xn-bn-te°p satYm

Unkw Db¿∂n-´n-√. F∂m¬ 1892-˛¬ kmaq-ly-tk-h\w AwKo-

I-cn-®p. ASp-Ø-Im-eØp kmaq-ly-\o-Xn-sb-°p-dn-®p≈ Nn¥

h¿≤n-®p-sIm-≠n-cn°p-∂p.

6. B[p-\nI satYmUnkw

temI-am-sI-bp≈ satYm-UnÃp k -Iƒ A[n-Ihpw World Method-ist Council t\mSp tN¿∂-h-bm-Wv. 180 e£w AwKo-IrX AwK-߃

D≠v.

1836 apX¬ ssIh-bvt]m-Sp -Iq-Snb ]´w-sImS \S-Øn-t∏m-cp-∂p.

_nj∏v D≈Xpw C√m-Ø-Xp-amb k -Iƒ D≠v. Methodist Free Churches,Wesleyan Methodists apX-embn ]e hn`m-K-߃ Ds≠-¶nepw Nne-sX√mw

106 hnizm-k-Zo]vXn

tN¿∂v sFIy-sa-tYm-UnÃv k` D≠m-bn- p-≠v. kzX¥ satYm-UnÃp

k` ]e-bn-SØpw D≠v.

Ata-cn-°-bn¬ Xs∂ 10 skan-\m-cn-Iƒ D≠v. AXn¬ ]eXpw k¿h-

I-em-im-e-I-fm-Wv. C≥Uy-bn¬ P_¬∏q-cnse ensbm-\m¿Uv Xntbm-f-

Pn-°¬ ska-n\mcn satYm-Un-Ãp-Im-cp-tS-Xm-Wv.

tNmZy-߃

1. tPm¨ sh…n ÿm]n® satYm-Un-Ãp-k-`-bpsS ta∑bpw Ipd-hp-

Ifpw hni-Zo-I-cn-°p-I.

2. Ah-cn¬ \n∂p ]Tn-°m-hp∂ ]mT-߃ Gh?

]mTw 5

19- mw \q‰m-≠nse en_-d-enkw

en_-d-enkw F∂m¬ F¥mWv? s^U-dnIv Um\n-tb¬ jvfb¿

am°¿ B¬_¿´v dn®¬ \ncq-]Ww

1. en_-d-enkw F∂m¬ F¥mWv?

k -bpsS hnizm-k-]-am-W-sØbpw tUmKvam-sbbpw (hn-izm-k-k-Xy-

߃) thZ-]p-kvX-I-sØbpw \ncq-]WZrjvSn -sIm≠p hna¿in-°p-Ibpw,

hy‡n-bpsS bp‡n°p ]c-a-]m-[m\yw sImSp-°p∂ Dev]-Xn-jvWp-°-

fmWp en_-d-en-k-Øn-ep-≈-Xv. F√m A[n-Im-c-sØbpw Ah¿ tNmZyw

sNøp-∂p. XnXzhpw a\p-jym-h-Xm-chpw I\y-Im-P-\-\hpw A¤p-X-]-hr-

Øn-Ifpw Dbn¿∏pw kz¿Km-tcm-l-Whpw ]p\-cm-K-a-\hpw F√mw kwi-b-

ZrjvSym tNmZyw sNøp-∂-Xn\p aSn-°p-I-bn-√.

bqtdm-∏nse \thm-∞m\w (Renaissance) \ho-I-cWw (Reformation)hn⁄m-\-hn-I-k\w (Enlightenment) apX-em-b-h-bpsS k¥-Xn-bmbn 19˛mw

\q‰m-≠n¬ en_-d-enkw AXns‚ AXyp-®-tIm-Sn-bn¬ FØn.

tbip-InkvXp Hcp Ncn-X-]p-cp-j-\-söp hsc Ah-cn Nne
hmZn®p. B¬_¿ v ssjz‰vk¿ Fgp-Xnb NcnX InkvXp-hn\p th≠n-

bp≈ At\z-jWw (The quest for historic Jesus) F∂ KŸw AXns‚

Ncn-Xhpw adp-]-Sn-bp-am-Wv. ssZh-Øns‚ shfn-]m-Sns‚ ]c-a-Im-jvT-bmbn,

a\p-jym-h-Xmcw sNbvX InkvXp-hns\ Ah¿ ImWp-∂n-√. ]ns∂tbm

107hnizm-k-Zo]vXn

Ncn-XØn¬ Pohn® \√ a\p-jy-cn¬ G‰w \√-h\pw hen-b-h-cn¬ G‰hpw

hen-b-h\p-am-bn-cp∂p InkvXp. k -bpsS tUmKvam, AYhm am‰-an-√mØ

hnizm-k-kw-lnX Fs∂m-∂ns√∂v Ah¿ ]d-bp-∂p. hy‡n-bpsS bp‡n-

°mWv Ah¿ tUmKvam-bpsS B[n-Im-cn-IX sImSp-°p-∂-Xv. a\p-jys‚

]m]-ho-gvN-bm¬ Ahs‚ bp‡nbpw hnI-e-am-bn-cn-°p∂p F∂ XØzw

Ah¿ kzoI-cn-°p-∂n-√.

]Ir-Xnbpw ]Ir-Xn°v AXo-X-amb Ir]bpw tXmakv AIzn-\mkv

]d-bp-tºmƒ ]Ir-Xnbpw bp‡n-bp-amWv Ch¿ Nq≠n-°m-Wn-°p-∂Xv.

c≠pw A¿≤-k-Xy-ß-fm-Wv. ]Ir-Xnbpw ssZh-Øns‚ Ir]-bm-sW∂pw,

]Ir-Xn-bnepw bp‡n-bnepw ssZh-Øns‚ Ir] HXp-°n-\n¿ØpI km[y-

a-s√∂pw Ch¿ a\- n-em-°p-∂n-√.

2. s^U-dnIv Um\n-tb¬ jvsfb¿am¿°¿ (1768-˛1834)

tπt‰m, kv]nt\m-k, CΩm-\p-th¬ Im‚ v apX-emb XØz-⁄m-\n-I-

fpsS XØzkw-lnX ]Tn-®tijw s_¿en≥ k¿h-I-em-im-e-bnse

ssZh-im-kvX-hn- m-K-Øns‚ Xe-h-\mbn 1810 apX¬ 1834 hsc Ct±lw

]tim- n-®p. en_-d-en-k-Øns‚ ]nXm-sh∂v Ct±lw Adn-b-s∏-Sp-∂p. 1.

InkvXob hnizmkw (The christian faith) 2. aXsØ ]cn-l-kn-°p∂

]fin-X-∑m-tcm-Sp≈ ]kw-K-߃ (On Religion: speeches to its cultureddespires) 3. Bfl-K-X-߃ (Soliloquies) apX-emb ]pkvX-I-ß-fpsS kam-

lmcw 30 hmey-ß-fp-≠v. ]e en_-d¬ Nn¥-Icpw Ct±-lsØ Hcp bmYm-

ÿn-Xn-I-\mbn I≠n-cp-∂p. aXsØbpw aX-kw-ln-X-I-sfbpw ]msS Dt]-

£n-°-W-sa-∂v Ah¿ ]d-™n-cp-∂p. Ah¿°p Np´ adp-]Sn Ct±lw

sImSp-Øp. Ah¿ Dt]-£n-®- tUm-Kva-I-fpsS ]pd-In-ep≈ hnizm-ksØ

Ahcpw kzoI-cn-°p-∂-Xmbn At±lw Nq≠n-°m-Wn-®p.

Ct±-l-Øns‚ Nn¥-bn¬ Adn-hm-Ip∂ hnizmk kwln-X-Itf-°mfpw

(doctrines) PohnX [¿Ω-im-kvX-ßtf-°mfpw (ethics) ][m\w, ssZhm-

i-b-am-Ip∂ A¥¿⁄m-\-amWv (Intuitions), A\p-Xm-]w, £a e`n-°p-

∂-Xn-ep≈ kt¥m-jw, ssZhm-i-b-Øns‚ ss[cyw apX-emb hnIm-c-

߃ (feelings) aX-Øns‚ Bg-amb kØ-bm-Wv. ]e aX-ßfpw aX-

Øns‚ ]e L´-ß-ƒ B-Wv. GI-ssZ-h -hn-izmk aX-߃ Db¿∂-h-

bm-Wv. tbip-InkvXp kºm-Zn® hos≠-Sp-∏n¬ sNs∂-Øp-∂-XmWv aXm-

t\z-j-W-Øns‚ AXyp-®-tIm-Sn. tUmKvam-‰nIv ssZh-imkvXw AX-Xp-

`q-X-Im-esØ A\p- -h-ß-fpsS cq]-tc-J-b-√m-sX, Ft∂-°p-ap-≈-h-b-√.

ssZh-Øn¬ tbip-In-kvXp-hn-\p-≠m-bn-cp∂ ]c-a-amb Bibw amXw

\qdp- i-X-am-\-am-bn-cp-∂-Xn-\m¬ At±lw hgn t\Snb hos≠-Sp∏p amX-

108 hnizm-k-Zo]vXn

amWp kºq¿Æw. InkvXp-hns‚ AZznXo-bX ]m]-c-ln-X-]q¿W-X-bn-

emWp ImWp-∂-Xv. tdma≥ ItØm-en-°¿ k - hgn InkvXphnte°pw

t]m -Âp-Im¿ InkvXp -hgn k -bn-te°pw t]mIp∂ c≠p hgn-I-fm-I-

bm¬ GXp kzoI-cn-®mepw aXn. ssZhm-i-bhpw kz¥ Bflmhpw H∂m-

bm¬ temI-sØ-°p-dn-®pw, Bflm-hn-s\-°p-dn-®pw, ssZh-sØ-°p-dn®pw

GI ImgvN-∏mSv e`n-°pw. ssZhm-ibw ]IrXn°pw a\p-jy-\p-ap-≈-Xn-

\m-emWv F√mw ]c-kv]cw _‘n-X-am-bn-cn-°p-∂-Xv. InkvXob hnizm-

k-Øn¬ ]nim-Nn\pw amem-Jbv°pw ÿm\-ans√¶n-epw, InkvXob mj-

bn¬ (language) Ahbv°p ÿm\-ap-≠v. temIw A]q¿W-am-bXp apX¬

ssZhm-i-bhpw A]q¿W-ambn. ]m]w sNøp-∂-Xn\p apºp≈ ]m]-amWp

P∑-]m-]w. InkvXp-hns‚ ]hm-N-I-Xzw, ]utcm-ln-Xyw, cmPXzw F∂nh-

aqew Gh¿°pw hos≠-Sp-∏p-ap≠m-°n. ]p\¿P-\-\hpw am\-km-¥-chpw

\oXo-I-c-Whpw InkvXp-hn¬ \n∂m-Wv. \ymb-]-am-W-a-√, kvt\l-amWp

hnip-≤o-I-cn-°p-∂-Xv. k -bpsS tbmPn-∏mWp ]cn-ip-≤m-flm-hv.

3. B¬_¿´v dn®¬ (Richel) (1822-˛1889)

19-˛mw \q‰m-≠ns‚ c≠mw A¿≤-Øn¬ temI-am-k-Iew Cu Nn¥-

bv°p t]cW sNep-Øn. tbip-avinl ]q¿W ssZhhpw ]q¿W a\p-

jy-\p-a-√. ]ns∂tbm G‰hpw henb k∑m¿K-]mTw ]Tn-∏n® Kpcphpw

ssZh-cmPyw ]kw-Kn® XymKn-bp-am-bn-cp-∂p. tUmKvamsb shdp-Øn-cp∂p.

Ct±-l-Øns‚ t]c-W-bn¬ (Adolf Von Harnack 1851-1930) tUmKvam-

bpsS Ncn-X-sa-gpXn Ah-bpsS Ipd-hp-Iƒ Nq≠n-°m-Wn-®p.

4. s^U-dnIv kq^vkv (1858-˛1928)

dn®-en-s‚bpw lm¿Wm-°n-s‚bpw t]c-W-bn¬ en_-d-en-k-Øns‚

h‡m-hmbn tbip-InkvXp G‰hpw henb a\p-jy-\m-bn-cp-∂p F∂v

Ct±lw ]Tn-∏n-®p. A¤p-X-߃ C√m-ØXpw imkvXo-b-hp-amb Hcp

InkvXp-a-X-amWv Ah¿ hn`m-h\w sNbvX-Xv.

5. \ncq-]Ww

c≠mw temI-a-lm-bp≤w en_-d¬ Nn¥m-K-Xnsb kmc-ambn kv]¿-

in®p. ImcWw a\p-jy≥ ]m]-Øn\v A[o-\-\m-sW∂ kXyw shfn-

s∏´p.

Imƒ _m¿Øv Fgp-Xnb tdmam-te-J\ hymJym\w (1922) en_-d-en-

k-Øn-s‚-ta¬ hoW t_mw_m-bn-cp-∂p. (1) a\p-jy≥ kzm`m-hn-I-ambn

\√h\s√∂pw, ]m]Øn-emsW∂pw (2) kzb-c£ Akm≤y-amsW∂pw,

ssZh-Øn\pw a\p-jy¿°pw CS-bn-ep≈ henb ]nf¿∏p am‰p-hm≥ ssZhw

109hnizm-k-Zo]vXn

Xs∂ InkvXp-hn¬ temIsØ c£n-s®∂pw (3) hnizm-k-ØmemWp

\oXo-I-cn-°-s∏-Sp-∂-sX∂pw (4) ssZh-h-N\w am‰-an-√m-Ø-Xm-sW∂pw

(5) ssZh-h-N\w \ncq-]-W-Øn\v AXo-X-am-sW∂pw Imƒ _m¿Øp ]Tn-

∏n-®p.

a\p-jym-h-Xm-c-an-√mØ InkvXp-a-X-amWp en_-d-enkw ImgvN-h-®Xv.

Fan¬ _qW¿ t]mepw ]d-bp-∂Xp ssZh-Øn¬ IqSn amXta

ssZhsØ Adn-bp-hm≥ km[n°q F∂m-Wv.

tbip-In-kvXp-hn-t\-°mƒ henb a\p-jy≥ D≠m-I-bn-s√∂p kbp‡-

ambn hniz-kn-°-Wsa-¶n¬, Ah≥ ssZh-Øns‚ Ah-Xm-c-am-bn-cp∂p

F∂p IqSn hniz-kn-°-Ww. ImcWw ]cn-Wm-a-Øn¬s∏´ Hcp a\pjy\p

Xt∂-°mƒ henb Bƒ D≠m-I-bns√∂p ]d-bm-h-X-√. tbip-InkvXp

ssZh-Øns‚ GI kºq¿Æ shfn-]m-S-s√-¶n¬, ]m]-c-ln-Xt\m, kºq¿-

Æ-t\m, temI-c-£-It\m, hos≠-Sp-∏p-Im-ct\m BIm≥ km≤y-a-√.

XnXz-a-√mØ GI-ssZ-h-Ønepw _lp-ssZ-h-hn-izm-kn-I-fpsS ssZh-

ß-fnepw ]q¿Æ-X-bn-√. XntbI ssZh-Øn¬ am-Xta kvt\l-Øns‚

A\-¥-Xbpw, DZm-Ø-X-bpw, koam-XoX bmYm¿∞yhpw ImWp-I-bp≈p.

I¿Øm-hns‚ Dbn¿∏nepw, acn-®-h-cpsS ]p\-cp-∞m-\-Ønepw, ]pXnb

BIm-i-Ønepw `qan-bnepw en_-d-enkw hniz-kn-°p-∂n-√. AXn-\m¬

InkvXob ]Xymi ChnsS _e-lo-\-am-Wv.

tNmZy-߃

1. bp‡n-bn¬ amXw Bi-bn-®p≈ en_-d¬ Nn¥m-K-Xn-I-fpsS t]mcm-

bva-Iƒ Gh? Ah Fßs\ ]cn-l-cn°mw?

2. Cu imkvXob bpK-Øn¬ en_-d-en-k-sØbpw Hm¿Ø-tUm-Ivkn-

tbbpw Fßs\ s]mcp-Ø-s∏-SpØn sIm≠pt]mIpw?

110 hnizm-k-Zo]vXn

]mTw 6

B[p-\nI Chm-©-en-°¬kv

(kp-hn-tij hnln-X¿)

Ch-cpsS \√- hiw Ch-cpsS sX‰p-Iƒ ]mc-º-cy-tØm-Sp≈

FXn¿∏vv thZ-]p-kvX-I-sØ-°p-dn-®p≈ sX‰p-[m-cW k`, ] -Xzw,

IqZmi Ch-sb-°p-dn-®p≈ Ah⁄ Ncn-X-Ønse k -bpsS NcnX-

]-c-amb XpS¿®-bn¬ At∏m-kvtXm-enI ssIh-bv]n-\p≈ ÿm\w

A\m_m-]v‰n-Ãp-Im-cpsS ]n≥Xp-S¿®-bmbn Chsc IW-°m-°mw.

^≠sa‚-en-Ãp-Im¿ (th-Z-]p-kvXIw A£cw]Xn kXy-sa∂p hniz-

kn-°p-∂-h¿), bmYm-ÿn-Xn-I¿, thZ-]p-kvXIw amXw hnizm-k-Øn\p

ASn-ÿm-\-am-°p-∂-h¿ Fs∂√mw Chsc t]¿ hnfn-°p-∂p. A\m-_m-

]v‰n-Ãp-Im-sc-∂dn-b-s∏-Sp-∂-h¿ (s]-¥n-t°m-kvXp- k- -Iƒ, _m]v‰n-Ãp-

Iƒ, _Z-d≥ k`, sa\-ss\-‰p-Iƒ) disciples of Christ, eqY¿ k`-I-

fnse sakqcn kn\-Up-Im¿, Izbvt°-gvkv, c£m-ssk-\y°m¿, ^pƒ-

tKmkv]¬Im¿, ss__nƒ InkvXym-\nIƒ, Ata-cn-°-bnse ss__nƒ

s_¬‰v F∂ sX°≥ tÉp-I-fnse skIvt‰-dn-b≥ k -°m¿, InkvXp-

hns‚ \ma-Øn¬ amXw kv\m\-s∏-Sp-Øp-∂-h¿, Imcn-kvam-‰nIv Kq∏p-

Iƒ, btlmhm km£n-Iƒ apX-emb At\I Ahm-¥c hn`m-K-߃

tN¿∂-XmWv B[p-\nI Chm-©-en-°¬kv. BsI-bp≈ t]m´-Âp

hn`m-K-ß-fn¬ Chm-©-en-°¬kv ]Ip-Xn-bn¬ A[nIw Ds≠∂p Rev.Dr. David Barret ]d-bp∂p (World Christian Encyclopedia).

C¥y-bn¬Øs∂ aZm-knse lnµp-ÿm≥ ss__nƒ C≥Ãn-‰yq v,

Ae-l-_m-Znse ss__nƒ C≥Ãn-‰yq-´v, bqØvtamƒ Xntbm-f-Pn-°¬

skan-\m-cn, a‰p ]e ss__nƒ kvIqfp-Iƒ F∂nh Chm-©-en-°¬kn-

\p-≠v. tdUntbm hgn kphn-ti-j-tLm-jWw \S-Øp-∂p. Inter varsityChristian fellowship F∂ t]cn¬ tImfPv hnZym¿∞n-I-fpsS CS-bn¬

Hcp kwL-S-\-bp-≠v. Ce-IvtSm-WnIv N¿®v F∂ t]cn¬ Sn. hn. ]kw-

K-߃ hgn P\-ßsf kwL-Sn-∏n®v, tImSo-iz-c-∑m-cmbn Xo¿∂n-´p≈

DW¿hv ]kw-K-Icpw Ch¿°p-≠v. ]e bqWn-th-gvkn-‰n-Ifpw Ch¿ \S-

Øp-∂p.

1. Ch-cpsS \√- hiw

1. kphn-tij the-bn-ep≈ Ch-cpsS DZm-Ø-amb hmRvObpw

]b-Xv\hpw ]pcm-X\ k -Isf e÷n-∏n-°-Ø-°-Xm-Wv.

2. Zimwiw IrXy-ambn am‰n-h®p kphn-ti-j-I-scbpw k`m

111hnizm-k-Zo]vXn

]h¿Ø-I-scbpw klm-bn-°p-∂-h¿, Ch-cn¬ Xmc-X-tay\ IqSp-

X-em-I-bm¬, kmº-ØnI ]cm-[o-\X Ipd-hm-Wv. tIc-f-Ønse

_Z-d≥ k` Xs∂ mc-X-Øn¬ BI-am-\-ambn Bbn-c-tØmfw

sNdp k`-Iƒ ÿm]n®p kphn-tijthe \S-Øp-∂p.

3. Ronald J. Sides BZn-bmb Fgp-Øp-Im¿ k -bnse kº∂ h¿K-

ßsf efnX Pohn-X-Øn\pw kmaq-ly-\o-Xn°pw Blzm\w

sNbvXp XpS-ßn-b-Xn-\m¬ shdpw hy‡n][m-\-amb Chm-©-

en°enkw amdn-s°m-≠n-cn-°p-∂p.

4. Uªn-bp. kn. kn. (World Council of Churches) sb FXn¿°p∂

a°n-s‚-bpsS International council of christian churches Chm©en-

°¬kn¬s∏- -Xm-sW-¶nepw A[nIw Chm-©-en-°¬ k -Ifpw

Uªn-bp. kn. kn. bn¬ AwKXzw kzoI-cn-®n-´p-≠v.

5. `uXn-I-Xz-Øns‚ Xnc-Ø-≈-en¬ h∂ sk°p-e-dn-k-Øns‚

^e-ambp-≠mb Post Christian era (InkvXob t]cW \jvS-s∏´

Imew) F∂ bqtdm-]y≥ ]Xn-`m-ksØ sh√p-hn-fn-°m≥ Hcp

Xoh-bXv\w \S-Øp∂p.

6. en_-d-en-k-Øns‚ Dev]-Xn-jvWpXzw Aev]-sa-¶nepw Xncp-Øp-

hm≥ Chm-©-en-°¬ bmYm-ÿn-Xn-IXzw klm-bn-°p-∂p-≠v.

7. tbip-In-kvXp-hp-am-bp≈ Bf-Ø-]-c-amb _‘w, ]cn-ip-≤m-flm-

hns‚ \S-Øn-∏v, aZy-]m-\-tØmSpw a‰p-ap≈ FXn¿∏v Ch Du∂n-

∏-d-bp-∂-Xv ]pcm-X\k`-Iƒ Ah-K-Wn® Imcy-ß-fpsS i‡o-

I-c-W-amWv.

8. tdma≥ ItØm-en°m skan-\m-cn-I-fnepw en_-d¬ skan-\m-cn-I-

fnepw hnZym¿∞n-I-fpsS FÆw Ipd-bp-tºmƒ Ch-cn¬ AXbpw

Ipd-bm-ØXv Ch-cpsS i‡nsb ImWn-°p-∂p.

2. Ch-cpsS sX‰p-Iƒ

(a) ]mc-º-cy-tØm-Sp≈ FXn¿∏v

"hm°n\mtem teJ-\-Ømtem R߃ D]tZ-in®pX∂ ]mc-º-cy-

ßsf apdpsI ]nSn-®p-sImƒhn≥' (2 sX . 2:15) F∂p ]utemkv «olm

]d-bp-∂Xv Ch¿ kzoI-cn-°p-∂n-√. henb am¿ _t -en-tbm-kv ]cn-ip-

≤m-flmhv F∂ KŸ-Øn¬ (Section 66) ]mc-º-cy-Øns‚ ta∑bpw ]´n-

Ibpw hnh-cn-°p-∂Xv Ch¿ ]T\ hnj-b-am-°p-∂n-√. kPo-h-amb Pohn-

Xm-\p- -h-߃ Xe-ap-d-I-fmbn ]I-cp-∂-XmWp ]mc-º-cyw.

"\nß-tfmSp R߃ Adn-bn-®-Xn\p hn]-co-X-ambn R߃ BIs´

kz¿K-Øn¬ \n∂v Hcp ZqX-\m-Is´ \nß-tfmSp kphn-tijw Adn-bn-

112 hnizm-k-Zo]vXn

®m¬ Ah≥ i]n-°-s∏- -h≥' (Kem 1:8). "AXp-sIm≠p \mw h√-t∏mgpw

Hgp-In-t∏m-Im-Xn-cn-t°-≠-Xn\p tI´Xv A[nIw i≤-tbmsS Icp-Xn-

s°mƒhm≥ Bh-iy-am-bn-cn-°p∂p' (F_m. 2:1). ChnsS tI´-XmWp

]d-bp-∂-Xv. Ah-sb√mw Fgp-X-s∏- n- n-√. tbip-InkvXp sNbvX Imcy-

߃ Hmtcm-∂mbn Fgp-Xn-bm¬ Fgp-Xp∂ ]pkvX-I-߃ temI-Øn¬

Xs∂ HXp-ßp-I-bn√ (tbm-l. 21:25). AXn-\m¬ Fgp-X-s∏- -hsb amXw

Bi-bn-°p-∂Xp t`mj-Xzam-Wv.

Ipcn-ip-h-c, Ing-t°m´p Xncn-™p≈ ]m¿∞-\, -kv\m-\-Øn¬ aq∂p

]mhiyw sh≈-Øn¬ ap°p-∂-Xv, hn. aqtdms‚ hni-Z-hn-h-c-߃ apX-

em-bh ]mc-º-cy-ßfn¬s∏-´hbm-Wv. Ch Ch¿°p kzoIm-cy-a√.

Ch¿°pw Ch-cp-tS-Xmb ]mc-º-cy-߃ D≈Xp \ne-\n¿Øp-Ibpw sNøp-

∂-Xn-\m¬ ]mc-º-cysØ tNmZyw sNøp-∂Xn\p \ymb-an-√. XtºdSn,

ssIsIm v, h´w IqSn-bn-cp-∂p≈ ]m¿∞\ Ch-sb√mw Ah-cpsS ]mc-

º-cy-ß-fm-W-t√m.

(b) thZ-]p-kvX-I-sØ-°p-dn-®p≈ sX‰p[m-cW

thZ-]p-kvX-IsØ Hcp imkvXKŸ-ambn Ah¿ Icp-Xp-∂p.

Dev]Øn ]pkvX-I-Øn¬ krjvSn-sb-°p-dn®p ]d-™n- p-≈Xns\ B£-

cn-I-ambn kzoI-cn®p ]cn-Wm-a-hm-Z-Øn-s\-Xn-cmbn hmZn-°p-∂p. Dev].

1:1˛2:3 ¬ ImWp∂ hnh-c-Whpw Dev]. 2:4˛25 ¬ ImWp∂ hnh-c-Whpw

XΩn¬ s]mcp-Ø-s∏-Sp-∂ns√-∂p≈ kXyw Ch¿ kΩ-Xn-°p-∂n-√. BZy-

`m-KØv arK-ßsf krjvSn-®Xv BZm-ans\ krjvSn-®-Xn\p tij-am-Wv.

thZ-]p-kvXIw ssZhnI shfn-]m-Sns‚ KŸ-am-sW∂pw ssZh-sØ-°p-

dn®pw a\p-jy-sc-°p-dn®pw temI-sØ-°p-dn-®p-ap≈ Bflob Imcy-ß-

fmWv AXn¬ AS-ßn-bn-cn-°p-∂-sX-∂p-ap≈ ]cn-⁄m\w Ah¿°n-√.

]cn-ip-≤m-flm-hmWp kIe kXy-Ønepw hgn-\-S-Øp-∂-Xv (tbm-l.

16:12). F∂m¬ thZ-]p-kvX-I-amWp kIe kXy-Ønepw hgn-\-S-Øp-∂-

sX∂v Ch¿ hniz-kn-°p-∂p. ssZh-Øn-\p≈ sX‰n-°q-Smbva thZ-]p-kvX-

I-Øn-t\m, Z¿i-\-h-c-aps≠∂p ]d-bp-∂-h¿t°m, a‰m¿°pw Xs∂-bptam

C√. ]cn-ip-≤m-flm-hns‚ ]q¿W-X-bpsS ]q¿Æ cq]-ambn Hcp k`bpw

C∂n-√. AXn-\m¬ C∂sØ hymJym-\-ß-fpsS A]q¿ÆX a\- n-

em°mw. Ct∏mƒ \mw IÆm-Sn-bn¬ IS-sam-gn-bmbn ImWp-∂p. At∏mƒ

apJm-ap-J-ambn ImWpw. Ct∏mƒ Rm≥ Awi-ambn Adn-bp-∂p.

At∏mtgm Rm≥ Adn-b-s∏- -Xp-t]mseXs∂ Adn-bp-∂p (1 sImcn. 13:12)

F∂ kXyw k -sb-°p-dn®pw hy‡n-I-sf-°p-dn®pw kXy-am-Wv.

thZ-]p-kvX-I-Øns‚ ]q¿Æ-Xbpw (sh-fn. 22:19) A]q¿Æ-Xbpw

(tbml. 21:25; sImtem. 4:16; tbml. 16:12) Hcp-an®p ImWp-hm≥ \ap°p

113hnizm-k-Zo]vXn

Ign-bWw (sh-fn. 22:18). thZ-]p-kvX-I-ß-fnse F√m ]pkvX-I-ß-sfbpw

Ipdn-®√ ]d-bp-∂-Xv. shfn-]mSp ]pkvX-IsØ amXw kw_-‘n-®XmWv.

ssZh-Øns‚ hN-\-amWp ]q¿Æ-X-bp-≈-Xv, a\p-jys‚ hN-\-a-√.

thZ-]p-kvX-I-Øn¬ a\p-jys‚ hN-\-ßfpw ImWp-∂p-≠v. 1 sImcn.

7:25˛¬ "I\y-I-am-sc-°p-dn®v F\n°p I¿Øm-hns‚ Iev]-\-bn-√.' Rm≥

A`n-]mbw ]d-bp-∂p. ChnsS a\p-jys‚ hN-\-amWp ImWp-∂-Xv.

(c) k`, ] -Xzw, IqZmi Ch-sb-°p-dn-®p≈ Ah⁄

hy‡n°p ]m[m\yw \evIn k`-tbmSpw ]´-Xz-tØmSpw IqZm-i-I-

tfmSpw Ch¿°v Ah-⁄-bm-Wp-≈-Xv. "I¿Øm-hmb tbip-In-kvXp-hn¬

hniz-kn-°, F∂m¬ \obpw \ns‚ IpSpw-_hpw c£ ]m]n°pw' (At∏m.

]. 16:31). "Xs‚ GI-Pm-X-\mb ]pX-\n¬ hniz-kn-°p∂ Gh\pw \in-

®p-t]m-ImsX \nXy-Po-h≥ ]m]n-t°-≠-Xn\v Ahs\ \¬Ip-hm≥ X°-

hÆw ssZhw temIsØ kvt\ln-®p' (tbm-l. 3:16). "Xm≥ \oXn-am\pw

tbip-hn¬ hniz-kn-°p-∂-hs\ \oXo-I-cn-°p-∂-h-\p-am-Ip∂p' (tdm-a. 3:26).

C]-Im-c-ap≈ Nne hmIy-߃ FSpØp hy‡n-Iƒ°pw hnizm-k-Øn\pw

AanX ]m[m\yw \¬In-bXp am¿´n≥ eqY-dm-Wv.

I¿Øm-hns‚ k`-bpsS ]m[m-\y-a-dn-bp∂ thZ-`m-K-ß-fp-≠v. "I¿-

Ømhp c£n-°-s∏-Sp-∂-hsc Zn\w]Xn k`-tbmSp tN¿Øp-sIm-≠n-

cp∂p' (A-t∏m. ]. 2:47). "k -tbbpw Iq´m-°m-Xn-cp-∂m¬ Ah≥ \n\°p

]pd-Pm-Xn-°m-c\pw Np¶-°m-c\pw F∂-t]mse Ccn-°s´' (a-Øm. 18:17).

"F√m-‰nepw F√mw \nd-bv°p-∂-hs‚ \nd-hm-bn-cn-°p∂ Ahs‚ ico-c-

amb k`' (F-s^. 1:23). "Cu a¿Ωw hen-b-Xv. Rm≥ InkvXp-hn-s\bpw

k`-tbbpw Dt±-in-®tX ]d-bp-∂Xv' (F-s^. 5:32). Cu `mK-ß-fn¬

k`bv°p \¬Ip∂ ]m[m\yw Ch¿ a\- n-em-°p-∂n-√.

"]nXmhv Fs∂ Ab-®-Xp-t]mse Rm\pw \nßsf Ab-bv°p∂p'

(tbm-l. 20:20) F∂p ]d-™p-sIm≠v injy-∑m-cpsS ta¬ DuXn sI´p-

hm\pw Agn-°m-\pap≈ A[n-Imcw Ah¿°p sImSp-Ø-Xv I¿Øm-hns‚

\nXy-]u-tcm-ln-Xy-Øns‚bpw ]hm-N-I-XzØns‚bpw cmP-XzØn-s‚bpw

XpS¿®-bmbn Ah¿°p ]´w sImSp-°-bm-bn-cp-∂p. AXn-\m¬ ]tXyI

]utcm-lnXyw k -bn¬ D≠v. ]cn-ip-≤m-flm-hns\ ]n∂oSv Ab®v AXp

]q¿Øo-I-cn-°p-Ibpw sNbvXp. "Fs‚ ssIh-bv∏n-\m¬ \n∂n-ep≈

ssZh-Øns‚ Ir]m-hcw Pzen-∏n-t°Ww' (2 Xotam. 1:6) F∂p ]utemkv

«olm ]d-bp-∂n-SØp ]´w-sIm-S-bn¬ Ir]m-hcw e`n-°p-s∂∂v A¿∞-

am-Ip-∂p-≠v.

F∏n-kvtIm-∏m, Iio-im, siΩm-»≥ F∂o aq∂p hm°p-Ifpw ]pXn-

114 hnizm-k-Zo]vXn

b-\n-b-a-Øn¬ D≈-h-bm-Wv. F∏n-kvtIm∏m (At∏m. ]. 20:28, nen.

1:1, 1 Xntam. 3:2, XotØm, 1:7, 1 ]tXm. 2:25), I»oi (At∏m. ]. 16:4,

20:17, 21:18, 23:14, 24:1, 25:15, 1 Xotam. 5:1, 17, 19, XotØm. 1:5), siΩm-»≥

(tdma. 13:4, 1 sImcn. 3:5, 2 sImcn. 3:6, 6:4, Kem. 2:17, Fs^. 3:7, 1:1,

sImtem. 1:8, 1 Xntam. 3:8, 4:6). Ft^-tkm-knse I»o-i-∑msc hnfn®p

hcp-Øn-bn´v (A-t∏m. ]. 20:17) Ahsc F∏n-kvtIm-∏-∑m-sc∂p hnfn-®-

Xn-\m¬ (A-t∏m. ]. 20:28) c≠p ÿm\n-Ifpw A∂p hy‡-ambn th¿Xn-

cn-°-s∏-´n-cp-∂n-√. F∂m¬ ]´wsImS-bpsS ssIhbv]pw (A-t∏m. ].

6:6) BZn-a-k- -bn¬ D≠m-bn-cp∂p F∂p hy‡w.

\ΩpsS I¿Ømhv Ip¿_m\ ÿm]n-®-t∏mgpw (a-Øm. 26:26) A¥y-

im-k-\-Øm¬ amtam-Zokm G¿s∏-Sp-Øn-b-t∏mgpw (a-Øm. 28:17- 20) B

henb cl-ky-߃ (Iq-Zm-i) hgn k`sb temI-Øn¬ \n∂p th¿Xn-

cn®p hyXym-k-s∏-Sp-Øp-I-bm-bn-cp-∂p-h-t√m. Mysterium F∂p Ko°nepw

Mystery F∂p Cw•o-jnepw a¿aw F∂p ae-bm-f-Ønepw D]-tbm-Kn-®n-

cp∂ AtX hm°m-Wv Sacramentum F∂v eØo≥ Vulgate thZ-]p-kvX-

I-Øn¬ D]-tbm-Kn-®n-cn-°p-∂-Xv. AXn-\m¬ IqZmi thZ-]p-kvXI

hm°mWv.

hn. tbml. 6˛mw A≤ym-b-Øn¬ "a\p-jy-]p-Xs‚ amwkw Xn∂m-

sXbpw, Ahs‚ c‡w IpSn-°m-sXbpw Ccp-∂m¬ \n߃°v D≈n¬

Poh-\n-√' (tbm-l. 6:53) F∂ mKw Ip¿_m-\-sb-°p-dn-®√ F∂v Ch¿

hymJym-\n-°p-∂p. kphn-tij KŸ-Øns‚ ]tXy-IX Adn-bm-Ø-Xn-

\mepw ap≥hn-[n-Iƒ D≈-Xn-\m-ep-amWv C°q- ¿ C]-Imcw ]d-bp-∂-Xv.

km£m¬ £-Whpw km£m¬ ]m\o-bhpw Bb Ip¿_m-\-sb-°p-dn-

®mWv Cu mKw. amwkw H∂n\pw D]-I-cn-°p-∂n-√. Rm≥ \nß-tfmSp

kwkm-cn® hN-\-߃ Bflm-hpw, Poh-\p-am-Ip∂p (tbm-l. 6:63)

F∂Xp km£m¬ £-W-Øns‚ Bflo-b-Xsb kqNn-∏n-°p-∂p.

(d) Ncn-X-Ønse k`-bpsS Ncn-X-]-c-amb XpS¿®-bn¬ At∏m-

kvtXm-enI ssIhbv]n-\p≈ ÿm\w s]mXpsh Ch¿ AwKo-I-cn-

°p-∂n-√

At∏m-kvtXm-enI hnizm-kw, ssIhbv]v, ZuXyw Ch aq∂pw Hcp-

an®p ImtW-≠-Xn\p ]I-cw, ZuXy-Øn¬ am-X-am-Wv Ah¿ i‡n tIµo-

I-cn-°p-∂-Xv. ]cn-ip-≤m-flmhp \S-Øp∂ k`-bn¬ Hcp XpS¿®-bp-≠m-

bn-cn-°-W-a-t√m. R߃ Iev]\ sImSp-°msX Nne¿ Rß-fpsS CS-

bn¬ \n∂p ]pd-s∏´p \nßsf hm°p-I-fm¬ `an-∏n®p \nß-fpsS lrZ-

b-ßsf Ie-°n-°-f™p F∂p tIƒ° -sIm≠v (A-t∏m. ]. 15:24)

F∂v At∏m-kvtXm-e-∑mcpw aq∏-∑mcpw FgpXn Ab-®-Xmbn \mw hmbn-

115hnizm-k-Zo]vXn

°p-∂p. ]tXm-kn-s\bpw tbml-∂m-s\bpw bcp-i-te-an-ep≈ At∏m-

kvtXm-e-∑m¿ ia-cy-bn-te°v Ab-®-Xmbpw \mw hmbn-°p∂p (A-t∏m.

8:14). iu-en-s\bpw _¿∂-_m-kn-s\bpw k` ssIh®p ]m¿∞n®p ssZh-

th-e-°mbn Ab-®-Xmbpw \mw ImWp∂p (A-t∏m. ]. 13:3).

Ch-cpsS hne-bn-cp-Ø-en¬ ]cn-ip-≤m-flmhv H∂mw \q‰m-≠n¬ Xs∂

k`sb ssIhn´p F∂pw Ct∏mƒ Ch-cpsS BK-a\w hsc k` _m_n-

tem-Wy≥ ASn-a-Ø-Øn-em-bn-cp-s∂∂pw Ncn-X-Øn¬ ]cn-ip-≤m-flmhp

XpS¿®-bmbn ]h¿Øn-®n√ F∂pw, Ch¿ Nn¥n-°p-∂-Xmbn tXm∂p∂p.

]mXmftKm]p-c-߃ AXns\ Pbn-°-bn-s√-∂p≈ I¿Ør-hmKvZØØn-

\p≈ ]k‡n Ch¿ ImWp-∂n-√. k -bn¬ Zpjn-∏p-Ifpw hnizmkhn]-

co-X-ßfpw D≠m-bn- n√ F∂p ]pcm-X\k -Iƒ ]Tn-∏n-°p-∂n-√. t\sc-

adn®p k`sb ip≤o-I-cn-°p-hm≥ ]cn-ip-≤m-flmhp XpS¿∂p ]h¿Øn-

°p∂p F∂p ]Tn-∏n-°p-∂p.

]tXm-kn¬°qSn amX-amWp ssIh-bv]ns‚ Ir]m-hcw e`n-°p-∂-

sX∂v Hm¿Ø-tUmIvkv k` ]Tn-∏n-°p-∂n-√. F√m At∏m-kvtXm-e-∑m-

cn¬°q-Snbpw Ir]m-hcw e`n-°p-∂p. "Fs‚ ssIh-bv]n-\m¬ \n∂n-ep≈

ssZhØns‚ Ir]m-hcw Pzen-∏nt°Ww' (2 Xotam. 1:6) F∂p ]utemkv

«olm-bmWp ]d-bp-∂-Xv.

H∂mw \q‰m-≠n-te°p k` XncnsI t]mtI-W-sa∂p ]d-bp-∂Xp

_men-i-am-Wv, A]m-tbm-Kn-I-am-Wv. k - Im-en-I-hpw, Imem-Xo-X-hpamWv.

AXns‚ inev]nbpw ]Wn-°m-c\pw ]cn-ip-≤m-flm-hm-Ip-∂p. ]mb-amb

Bƒ inip-hn-s\-t∏mse ape IpSn-°-W-sa∂v Bcpw ]dbp-I-bn-√t√m.

(e) hmßn-t∏m-b-h-tcm-Sp≈ Iq´m-bva-bn¬ Ch¿ hniz-kn-°p-∂n√

kz¥w ]mc-º-cy-߃°v A]-am-Zn-Xzw Iev]n-°p-∂-Xp-sIm≠pw

Xpd∂ a\-t msS thZ-]p-kvXIw ]Tn-°m-Ø-Xp-sIm-≠p-am-Wn-Xv.

1. Poh-\p-≈-h-tcmSpw acn-®-h-tcmSpw Zb hnSm-Ø-h-\mWp btlmh

(cqØv 2:20).

2. hmßn-t∏m-b-h-cpsS Bflm-°ƒ \Ωn¬\n∂p hnZq-c-ÿ-c-

s√∂pw, \sΩ ImWp-Ibpw \ΩpsS Bh-iy-߃ Adn-bp-Ibpw

sNøp∂p F∂p-ap≈ kXyw Ch¿ a\- n-em-°p-∂n-√. I¿Øm-

hns‚ adp-cq] ka-bØp tamibpw Gen-bmbpw ]Xy-£-s∏´p

F∂mWp ]d-bp-∂Xv. AhnsS h∂p F∂-√, Ah¿ bcp-i-te-

an¬ I¿Øm-hn\p hcm≥ t]mIp∂ \ncym-W-sØ-°p-dn®p

kwkm-cn-°p-Ibpw sNbvXp (eqt°m. 9:30, 31). F_m. 12:1 ¬

]d-bp∂ km£n-I-fpsS kaqlw hmßn-t∏m-b-h-cpsS Bflm-

116 hnizm-k-Zo]vXn

°-fm-Wv. Ah¿ kZm \tΩm-Sp- Iq-sS-bp-s≠∂pw \sΩ ho£n-

°p-s∂∂pw Cu `mKw hy‡-am-°p-∂p. Ah¿ ÿe-Im-e-

߃°v AXo-X-am-bn-cn-°p-∂p.

3. kn≤-∑m-cmb \oXn-am-∑m-cpsS Bflm-°ƒ ]m¿∞\ tIƒ

°p∂p (F-_m. 12:22).

4. Ah¿ ssZhsØ cm]-I¬ Bcm-[n-°p∂p (shfn. 7:15).

5. Ah¿ ssZhsØ ]km-Zn-∏n-°p∂p (2 sImcn. 5:9).

6. ]m]-Øn¬ ]q¿Æ-ambn ITn-\-s∏- n- n-s√-¶n¬ Ah¿°p ]m]tam-

N\w ]m]n-°p-∂-Xn-\p≈ km≤y-X-bp≠v (1 ]tXm. 3:18, 4:6).

Cu temI-Øn¬ h®p a‰p-≈-h¿°p th≠n a≤yÿ ]m¿∞\

A¿∏n-®-h¿, ]c-tem-I-Ønepw AXp XpS¿∂psIm≠n-cn°pw F∂p \ymb-

ambn Nn¥n-°mw. AXn-\m¬ Ah¿ \ap°pth≠n ]m¿∞n-∏m≥ Bh-

iy-s∏-Sp-∂Xp thZ-]p-kvX-Im-\p-k-c-W-am-Wv.

ssZh-Øns‚ Ir] IqSmsX Bflm-°ƒ°pw H∂pw sNøpI km≤y-

a-√-t√m (tbm-l. 15:5). ssZhsØ Bcm-[n-°p-∂-Xn\pw (tdm-a. 8:26)

ssZhsØ ]km-Zn-∏n-°p-∂-Xn\pw am\-km-¥-c-s∏´p ]m]-tam-N\w

]m]n®p ]q¿Æ-X-bn-te°p hf-cp-∂-Xn-\pw ssZh-Ir] Bh-iy-am-Wv. AXp

\ap-s°-∂-t]mse hmßn-t∏m-b-h¿°pw \¬I-Wta F∂v ssZh-tØmSv

At]£nt°-≠Xv \ΩpsS (Pohn-®n-cn-°p-∂-h-cpsS) Npa-X-e-bm-Wv.

Ah¿ cm]-I¬ Bcm-[n-°p-tºmƒ \ap°p th≠nbpw ]m¿∞n-°p-∂p≠v.

\mw Ah¿°p th≠nbpw ]m¿∞n-°-Ww.

(f) ]pXnb k`-bp-≠m-°p-∂Xpw ]pXnb k`-bn¬ tNcp-∂Xpw

ssZh-ln-X-a√

k`mw-K-ß-fpsS sFIy-X-bn¬°q-Sn-bmWp I¿Øm-hns\ km£n-t°-

≠Xv (tbm-l. 17:21). k -bpsS sFIy-X-bn¬ \n∂p sIm≠p \mw Xs∂

ip≤o-I-cWw ]m]n-°p-Ibpw k -bpsS Ipd-hp-Isf ]cn-l-cn-°p-Ibpw

krjvSn-]-c-ambn ]h¿Øn-°p-Ibpw sNøp-I-bmWp Ic-Wobw. ]pXnb

k -°m¿ Cu kXyw a\- n-em-°p-Ibpw hnizm-k-]-c-amb sX‰p-Iƒ Xncp-

Øp-Ibpw sNø-Ww. ]pcm-X\ k -bn-te°v Ah¿ Xncn®phcp-hm≥ \mw

]h¿Øn-°p-Ibpw sNtø-≠-Xm-Wv.

tNmZy-߃

1. B[p-\nI Chm≥P-en-°¬kv hn`m-K-ß-fpsS t\ -ßfpw tIm -ßfpw

hne-bn-cp-Øp-I.

2. ]pcm-X\ k`-Ifpw Chm-©-en-°¬ hn`m-K-°mcpw tN¿∂ FIyp-

sa-\nkw F]-Im-c-am-bn-cn-°Ww?