Dwifungsi ABRI

7/23/2019 Dwifungsi ABRI

1/17

^j}jt Fk|j`mk

Mricz`b|i KDTI mkekg ^jt|j~|i Jei}j Giei}jt

Djtdjmk mj`bk` ~j`bkekgk` fkdk`ykfk` `jbktk Mzìk Fj}ibk yk`b giei}jt`yk mimitifk`

aejh ~jòkokh mk` fjgzmik` mikgdie keih aejh ~jgjti`}kh `k|ia`kei| |j|zmkh `jbktk i}zgjtmjfk% giei}jt I`ma`j|ik miekhitfk` aejh kgk` tjsaez|i z`}zf gjekrk` ~jòkokh.

Mjgifik` fk}k Hkteam Ltazlh% |ktok`k Kz|}tkeik yk`b ~jt`kh gj`bkokt mi mi Zìsjt|i}k|

I`ma`j|ik.; \jekòz}`yk @zbtaha @a}a|z|k`}a% gk }k` Fj~kek ^z|k} \joktkh KDTIgjòjek|fk` dkhrk |jdj`kt`yk ejdih :> `jbktk dktz yk`b ekhit |j|zmkh kfhit ^jtk`b

Mzìk II% hk`yk jg~k} yk`b gj`lk~ki fjgjtmjfkk` mj`bk` ~jtozk`bk` djt|jòk}k ~jtk`b

fjgjtmjfkk` k}kz tjsaez|i.4 Ek}kt djekfk`b yk`b fhk| iì }jt yk}k gjg~j`bktzhi~jt|j~|i% |ifk~ mk` }i`bfkh ekfz ~aei}if giei}jt I`ma`j|ik |j|zmkh ~jtk`b.

Fkekz mjgifik`% ~jt}k`ykk` yk`b ~k}z} mikozfk` kmkekh% |jokf fk~k` giei}jt gzeki

djt~aei}if mi I`ma`j|ik1 Mk` }i`mkfk` k~k yk`b miekfzfk` mi mkekg`yk |jhi bbk

gj`yjdkdfk` giei}jt I`ma`j|ik gk|zf mkekg mzìk ~aei}if 1

Gk|kekh gzeki`yk giei}jt I`ma`j|ik djt~aei}if% kmk yk`b gj`bk}kfk` |jokf krkefjekhitk``yk : Af}adjt ;9=:


2/17

^j}jt Fk|j`mk

rkfie âei|i% yk`b gjrkfiei baea`bk` cz`b|ia`ke mkekg M^T Ba}a`b Taya`b. 8 ^jtk`k`

giei}jt mkekg fjhimz~k` djt`jbktk mk` djtdk`b|k |jgkfi` gjezk|% |j}jekh gjej}z|`yk

^jti|}irk B''\. Fktj`k`yk fkzg giei}jt gj`mk~k} hkf i|}igjrk M^T hk|ie ~jgiez;92;. ^ta|j|`yk dzfk` gjekezi ~jgieihk`% gjeki`fk` mik`bfk} djtmk|ktfk` fa`|j`|z|

`k|ia`ke.9

^jtk`k` giei}jt yk`b ejdih gjàòae aejh djtdkbki fkek`bk` mik`bbk~ |jdkbki ~jekf|k`k

mricz`b|i KDTI. Mk` }j`}z`yk gj`mk~k} |jozgekh fti}if. \zfgkmoi I`mta ]okhyaà%

gkhk|i|rk I]D% gjekezi ~ejiami`yk % I`ma`j|ik Mi Dkrkh \j~k}z Ekt|%;> |jlktkbkgdek`b gj`yk}kfk` dkhrk fjdjt|j`b|jfk` k}kz fjdadtafk` yk`b }jtokmi mi tj~zdeif

}jtli`}k iì mi|jdkdfk` aejh }jtekez magi`k``yk KDTI mkekg ~jgjti`}khk` Gahkggkm

Tz|ei Fktig gj`bjgzfkfk` dkhrk |kekh |k}z |jdkd ezg~zh`yk ~kt}ki ~aei}if ikekh

fktj`k magi`k``yk giei}jt.;; Gj|fi mjgifik` kmk ~zek yk`b gjekfzfk` ~jgdjekk`gj`bj`ki ~jtk` giei}jt yk`b magi`k`. Dzfz^tkozti} mk` ^jozk`b% yk`b mi}zei| @zbtaha

@a}a|z|k`}a% K\\ ]kgdz`k`% \ajdioaà% mk` Himkyk} Gzfgi % gjòjek|fk` dkhrk

KDTI djt~jtk` |jdkbki mi`kgi|k}at mk` |}kdiei|k}at. ;4]jtej~k| mkti ~ta mk` fa`}tk

}jthkmk~ ~jtk`k` giei}jt yk`b gjà oae i}z% }j}k~i yk`b ojek| mricz`b|i KDTIfa`|i}z|ia`ke% |jdkd }jekh mik}zt mkekg ZZ @a 4 }khz` ;984 }j }k`b Fj}j`}zk`

fj}j`}zk` âfaf ^jt}khk`k` Fjkgk`k` @jbktk.;!;984% ]ty

8Ykhyk K Gzhkigi` .^jtfjgdk`bk` Giei}jt mkekg âei}if ;9=: ;933 . Yabykfkt}k ?

Bkmokh Gkmk Zìsjt|i}y ^tj||% ;984 % heg. ;>3 ;43.9@zbtaha @a}a|z|k`}a% ]jtlk~ki`yk Fa`|j`|z| @k|ia`ke ;933 ;939 .Okfkt}k ? ^@

Dkeki ^z|}kfk % ;98:.;>\zfgkmoi I`mta ]okhyaà%.I`ma`j|ik Midkrkh \j~k}z Ekt| . Dk`mz`b ? Fagi}j

^jgdjekk` Gkhk|i|rk MG'I]D % ;929.;; Gzhkggkm Tz|ei Fktig .^jtk`k` KDTI mkekg âei}if.Okfkt}k? Ykyk|k` Imkyz %%;98;.;4@zbtaha @a}a|z|k`}a%^jozk`b ^tkozti} % A~.Li}.% heg ;2: ;22 .; 44


3/17

^j}jt Fk|j`mk

\z}i|à gj`yk}kfk` ojek| |jfkei dkhrk cz`b|i |a|~ae KDTI oz|}tz i`bi` gj`ljbkh

}igdze`yk mif}kf}ati|gj.;3

Fktj`k mricz`b|i KDTI djezg migj`bjt}i dj}ze aejh gk|yktkfk}. ^k`beigk KDTI

gjòjek|fk` kfk` ~jtez`yk gjgk|yktkfk}`yk mricz`b|i KDTI% }jtz}kgk cz`b|i |a|ike

~aei}if fj mkekg }zdzh KDTI% mj`bk` gkf|zm z`}zf gj`ljbkh gz`lze`yk fjtkbz'tkbzk`yk`b mk~k} gj`bztk`bi fjykfi`k`'fjykfi`k` |ifk~ ~tkozti} KDTI kfk` fjdj`ktk` mk`

gk ckk}`yk. Mi|jdkdfk` ~jtk`k` KDTI mkekg fjhimz~k` djtdk`b|k mk` djt`jbktk

gjekezi mri'cz`b|i`yk }jekh mifzfzhfk` |jlktk fa`|i}z|ia`ke }jekh mifzfzhfk` |jlktkfa`|i}z|ia`ke% gkfk hke }jt|jdz} ~jtez mihkyk}i dj`kt'dj`kt%;2

^k`bmkg Mi~aàbata% Gkyoj` ]@I Hktiy~}a ^\% gjòjek|fk` dkhrk mricz`b|i

dzfkèkh fjfklkzk` |jdkbkigk`k }jekh gzeki mifklkzfk` |kk} iì. Mricz`b|i dzfk` ~zekz~kyk KDTI z`}zf gj`lkti mk` gj`jg~k}i okdk}k` mi ezkt |}tzf}zt |j}jekh fjfktykk`

yk`b hk`yk }jtokmi diek gjgk`b migi`}k aejh ~j`bzk|k k}kz ~j`k`bbz`b okrkd mkti

i|`}k`|i yk`b djt|k`bfz}k` . Fjfktykk` mk` mricz`b|i fjmzk'mzk`yk gjgk`b

gjtz~kfk` gkìcj|}k|i mkti ~j`bkdmik` \k~}k Gktbk% `kgz` mkekg kf}zkei|k|i yk`bdjtdjmk. Iìekh yk`b hktz| }jtz|'gj`jtz| mihkyk}i mk` miekf|k`kfk`.;8

Gj`ztz} ^k`mkg Okyk% Gkyoj` ]@I F Hkt|jà% fjfktykk` KDTI i}z hk`yk gjtz~kfk`

|kekh |k}z k|~jf mkti mricz`b|i KDTI% yk`b k|~jf z}kgk`yk kmkekh oirk mk` |jgk`bk}

~j`bkdmik` KDTI |jdkbki fjfzk}k` |a|~ae% eki``yk gjgifze }k`bbz`b okrkd ~jtozk`bk`

dk`b|k mkekg gj`zoz fjgjtmjfkk` mk` gjg~jtozk`bfk` dkbi |jeztzh tkfyk}I`ma`j|ik .;9

Fkekz mi~jthk}ifk` |jlktk |jf|kgk% ~jt`yk}kk` mi k}| gj`bk`mz`b gkf`k mricz`b|iKDTI djezg gjgk|yktkfk} dj`kt mk` gk|ih kmk`yk ~jgkhkgk` yk`b djtdjmk.

]zei|k` iì gj`ladk gjgk~ktfk` ~k`mk`bk` djdjtk~k jei}j giei}jt I`ma`j|ik mktik`bfk}k` ;9=: gjgk`b mricz`b|i KDTI% yk`b mirkfiei aejh Oj`m ]@I (^zt ) K.H.

@k|z}ia`% Oj`m.]@I (^zt`) ].D \igk}z~k`b% Gkyoj` ]@I (^zt`) \kyimigk`

\ztyahkmi~taoa% Oj`mtke ]@I (^zt ) \ajgi}ta mk` Gkyoj` ]@I (^zt`) Hk|`k` Hkdid.\kk} iì% gjtjfk ejdih mifj`ke |jdkbki ~jgifit giei}jt I`ma`j|ik% dkif gjekezi }zei|k`

yk`b migzk} mkekg gjmik gk||k gkz~z` dzfz.

K.H. @k|z}ia`

Ejrk} dzfz`yk% Fjfktykk` KDTI(;92;)% KH @k|z}ia` gj`bkfzi kmk`yk }zmzhk` yk`bgj`bk}kfk` gk|ih }jtmk~k} |jozgekh ~tkf}jf'~tkf}jf gj`yig~k`b mkti }zozk` fjfktykk`

KDTI. Dkbi`yk% KDTI !]@I |jti`b mijf|j|fk` mk` mijojf |jdkbki mri~at|i% fktj`k

mi|kekhbz`kfk` z`}zf fj~j`}i`bk` ~tikdmi!atk`b mk` baea`bk` k}kz feif`yk |j`miti.

;3^jei}k% 2 Gji ;99;;2 Idim.;8 K`bfk}k` Djt|jò}k% 4= K~tie ;99;;9A~.Li}.% 2 K~tie ;99;

Rjd? rrr.~j}jtfk|j`mk.ratm~tj||.lag

Jgkie? gt.fk|j`mkNbgkie.lag


4/17

^j}jt Fk|j`mk

Z`}zf i}z ik gj`bi`bk}fk` dj}k~k ~j`}i`b`yk gj`jekkh kt}i fjfktykk` i}z% yk`b djtga}a

K~k yk`b dkif dkbi `jbktk mk` tkfyk} i}zekh yk`b dkif dkbi ]@I!KDTI. Djtfki}k`

mj`bk` fjfktykk`%KH @k|z}ia` gjòjek|fk` ?

Mkti |jokf |jgzek% gkf|zm mk` }zozk` fjfktykk` i}z kmkekh z`}zf ~jfjtokk` yk`b

djthzdz`bk` mj`bk` fjkmkk` yk`b djt|ick} mktztk} k}kz mi gk`k dj}ze'dj}ze ejdihejdih djtgk`ckk} gj`bbz`kfk` fjfktykk` ]@I!KDTI i}z% mk` z`}zf ~kt}i|i~k|i

mkekg ejgdkbk'ejgdkbk mjgi ifz} |jt}k`yk KDTI mkekg tk`bfk ~jgdi`kk` `jbktk

|jdkbki |kekh |k}z fjfzk}k` |a|ike4>

Gjgk`b fj|k`bbz~k` mk` fjgkg~zk` }jg~zt |jt}k gjgdi`k riekykh yk`b mi~jtaejh

KDTI djtk|ke mkti ~j`bkekgk` |jekgk ~jtk`b fjgjtmjfkk` Hk`yk

\kok fjgkg~zk` gjgdi k riekykh mk` fjfktykk` |a|ike'jfaàgi k}kz |a|ike'~aei}ifgz}ekf gjgjtezfk` fjkheik` k}kz fj}tkg~iek` ~kmk dimk`b'dimk`b giei}jt!}jg~zt

}imkfekh |jlktk a}agk}i| gjgdkrk fjgkg~zk` mkekg dimk`b ~jgdi`kk` riekykh%

fjfktykk` |a|ike'~aei}if% k}kz fjfktykk` |a|ike'jfaàgi. Z`}zf i}z ~jtez miekfzfk`

~jgdi`kk` k}kz ~j`mimifk` yk`b djtfki}k` mj`bk` hke }jt|jdz}.

Fkekz mjgifik` fjgzmik` gz`lze ~jt}k`ykk % |jk`mki`yk KDTI gjg~z`ykifjgkg~zk` z`}zf i}z% k~kfkh djtkt}i KDTI }jtz| gj`jtz| magi`k` mkekg ~k`bbz`b

~aei}if I`ma`j|ik. Z`}zf iì @k|z}ia` gjòkrkd KDTI djt~jtk` |jdkbki fjfzk}k`

|a|ike |jdkbki hk|ie ~ta|j| |joktkh mk` fa`|i}z|ia`ke% }j`}z |kok djtzdkh mk` |jgkfi`

djtfztk`b ~jtk``yk |j|zmkh àtgkei|k|i fjkmkk` `k`}i% |jdkbkigk`k yk`b mi}zei| mkekgfj}j`}zk`'fj}j`}zk` ]K^']K^ G^T\.4;

Gj`ztz} KH @k|z}ia`% |jdj`kt`yk i|}iekh mricz`b|i fztk`b |j|zki. Ik ejdih gj`yzfkii|yiekh mri'fj|k`bbz~k` mk` fjgkg~zk`% yk`b ~j`bbz`kk``yk mi}j`}zfk` mi}j`}zfk`

mkti gk|k fj gk|k. Ik gj`bk`bbk~ kmk`yk |kekh ~j`bjt}ik` }jthkmk~ kt}i mri'cz`b|i i}z

|j`miti. Fjdk`ykfk` atk`b gj`bkt}ifk` mj`bk` atk`b'atk`b giei}jt (dkoz hiokz) yk`bgjòkmi bzdjt`zt %mitjf}zt% mz}k dj|kt mk` eki`'eki`. ^kmkhke yk`b mjgifik` i}z hk`ykekh

gjtz~kfk` |kekh |k}z |jbi mkti ~jekf|k`kk` KDTI.44

Djtfki}k` mj`bk` ~jtokek`k` mricz`b|i% KH @k|z}ia` gjòjek|fk` dkhrk |jekgk ~jtk`b

fjgjtmjfkk`% cz`b|i ~jt}kgk kmkekh cz`b|i }jg~zt% mk` cz`b|i fjmzk kmkekh gj`bbkek`b

~jt}khk`k` mk` ~jtekrk`k` tkfyk} yk`b miekfzfk` atbkì|k|i }jtti}atike mj`bk` fkmjt'

fkmjt`yk djtokek` |jiti`b .|j}jekh }khz` ;9:> cz`b|i fjmzk mifztk`bi. ]j}k~i hke i}zhk`yk djtokek` |jgj`}ktk |kok% mi|jdkdfk` kmk`yk ~jgdjta`}kfk` mk` |zdsjt|i yk`b

gkfi ezk|% }j`}z |kok a~jtk|i ~jgzeihk` fjkgk`k` mi~jtezfk` mj`bk` okek`

gj`bkf}icfk` fjgdkei cz`b|i fjmzk mk` |jgkfi` ezk| ~zek% dkhfk` mkekg fjhimz~k`djt`jbktk mk` fj}jteidk}k``yk ~kmk hkg~it |jgzk k|~jf fjhimz~k` gk|yktkfk} .4KH @k|z}ia`.Fjfktykk` KDTI. Okfkt}k ? \jtzei`b Gk||k% ;92;% heg. ;4;.4;Idim.heg. ;=:.44Idim% heg. ;:> ;:4.4


5/17

^j}jt Fk|j`mk

Eigk djek| }khz` |j}jekh B''\% KH @k|z}ia` yk`b eaea| mkti ~j`lzeifk` i}z gjìeki%

dkhrk okek` }j`bkh yk`b miekfzfk` ~kmk }khz` ;9:8 }jekh djtzdkh k}kz gjekg~zi k~k

yk`b mii`bi`fk``yk mzez. Rkekz~z` mjgifik`% ik }j}k~ gjg~z`yki fjykfi`k` dkhrk|jgzk ~jtez mifatjf|i% |jdkd hke i}z fztk`b |jtk|i% dkif mj`bk` |jgk`bk} fjfjezktbkk`

}jtlkfz~ mkekg ^k`lk|iek mk` ZZM ;9=: gkz~z` mj`bk` k|k| fjmkzek}k` mi }k`bk`

tkfyk} yk`b }jtlk`}zg mkekg ~k|ke ZZM ;9=:.4=

^kmk ljtkgkh mi \j|fakm }khz` ;939% KH @k|z}ia` gj`bi`bk}fk` kbkt ~kmk }khz` ;92>'

k` ~jtez }jtz|'gj`jtz| }jtokmi ~jgztìk` ~j`bjt}ik` mk` ~j`bkekgk` fjfktykk`(mricz`b|i). \jdkd ~kmk |kk} i}z }jekh }jtokmi dk`ykf z`|zt ~jtkeihk`. Gkf|zm`yk kmkekh

djtdkbki ~j`jg~k}k` ]@I mkekg cz`b|i'cz`b|i |a|ike ~aei}if mk` eki`'eki`% mi~jtezfk`

z`}zf |jgj`}ktk. Mjgifik` ~zek hke`yk mj`bk` ~j`bk`bfk}k` rkfie'rkfie KDTI mkekg

ejgdkbk'ejgdkbk mjgaftk|i mk` |jdkbki`yk. Dkbi KH @k|z}ia`% mkekg fa`|j~ |jgzekoifk KDTI gk|zf ejgdkbk ejbi|ek}ic% hj`mkfekh gjekezi ~jgieihk` zgzg |i|}jg mi|}tif

k}kz gjgieih atk`b% dzfk` gjgieih }k`mk bkgdkt mj`bk` mkc}kt`yk. ]j}k~i gk|zf`yk

KDTI fj G^T kmkekh |jdkbki z}z|k` baea`bk` gj`ztz} ~k|ke 4 ZZM ;9=:.4:

Djtfki}k` mj`bk` ~j`bk`bfk}k` |jozgekh k`bba}k KDTI% yk`b mik`bbk~ djt}j`}k`bk`

mj`bk` ~ti |i~ fjmkzek}k` tkfyk} yk`b gj`mk|kti ZZM ;9=:% @k|z}ia` gjgdjtifagj`}kt

\jdkbki F\KM yk`b mkhzez gj`catgkefk` mricz`b|i KDTI% |kyk |j`miti }imkf

gj`bhj`mkfi |i|}jg ~j`bk`bfk}k` z`}zf KDTI. \kyk ifz} gj`bk}zt ~j`bkfk}k`~j`bk`bfk}k` |jekgk gk|k }tk`|i|i% yki}z |jdjezg miekf|k`kfk` ~jgiez. 43

\jdj`kt yk% KH @k|z}ia` yk`b ~jt kh gj okdk} rkfie fj}zk ^k i}ik @jbktk z`}zf^jgiez mi gk|k Atmj Dktz% }jekh gj`bz|khkfk` kbkt ~a|i|i KDTI |jdkbki |kekh |k}z

fjfzk}k` |a|ike yk`b migkf|zmfk` mkekg ~k|ke ZZM ;9=:% yk`b }jtrzozm mkekg

baea`bk` (fktyk)% }j}k~i ~kt}ki ~aei}if gj`bi`k}fk` KDTI mzmzf mkekg M^T gjekezi ~j`bk`bfk}k`% kbkt }imkf gjgihkf ~kmk ~jekf|k`kk` ~jgiez% |jhi bbk }jtokgi`

fjkgk`k``yk.42

Dkbi`yk% ZZM ;9=: hk`yk gj`j`}zfk` fjhkmitk` z}z|k`'z}z|k` KDTI mkekg G^T

|jdkbki |kekh |k}z baea`bk` . K~kdiek kmk k`bba}k KDTI yk`b djtgi`k} mzmzf mkekg

M^T% |jhktz|`yk gjekezi ~jgiez. \jdkd kk| fjmkzek}k` tkfyk} mkekg ~k|ke ; ZZM

;9=: }imkf gj`bj`ke rkfie'rkfie tkfyk} mi ezkt hk|ie ~jgieihk` aejh tkfyk}. Hke i}z ozbk}jtlkfz~ mkekg ]K^ @a XI!G^T!;933% yk`b }imkf gj`yjdz} ~j`bk`bfk}k`% fjlzkei

gk|kekh ~jgieihk` |kok. Aejh fktj`k i}z% @k|z}ia` gj`kc|itfk` dkhrk fj~j`}i`bk`

~jtozk`bk` mi G^T% mk` fztk`b }j~k} z`}zf gjeidk}fk` miti mkekg ~aei}if |jhkti'hkti miM^T.48Z`}zf i}z ik gjòjek|fk` |ifk~`yk

4=Idim.4:Idim.43KH @k|z}ia` % Gjgj`zhi ^k`bbiek` ]zbk| Gk|k Fa`|aeimk|i Atmj Dktz Oieim 2

Okfkt}k Bz`z`b Kbz`b% ;988% heg. 44=.' 44:.42Idim.48Idim% .


Jgkie? gt.fk|j`mkNbgkie.lag:


6/17

^j}jt Fk|j`mk

Mkekg bkbk|k` |kyk |jgzek% rkfie ' rkfie ]@I yk`b mzmzf mi M^T ikekh mkekg

tk`bfk ~jgiez mi|}tif yk`b }jtmiti }jtz}kgk mkti~kmk ~j`|iz`k` k}kz ~ktk k`bba}katbkìf KDTI yk`b |jekgk ~jgiez mià`kf}icfk` mkti mi`k|. ^kmk rkf}z i}z dkhrk

dk`ykf ~aei}i|i yk`b djt~j`mk~k} |kgk |j~jt}i mi gk|k fkdi`j} Kei \k|}takgimoaoa%

ykfì KDTI kmkekh |jfjmkt kek} |i~ie mk` }imkf daejh ifz} mkekg ~ta|j| ~j`j`}zk`~aei}if% |jdkbki gi||ke mkekg ~jgiez ;9:: |kyk }jekh ifz} ~jgiez mk` }jt~ieih mi Okrk

]j`bkh |jdkbki rkfie I^FI z`}zf Fa`|i}zk`}j . Fktj`k |kyk fjgdkei okmi F\KM ekh

fzt|i mia~jt aejh ^kfz Kekg .49

\i|}jg ~j`bk`bfk}k` miìeki KH @k|z}ia` |jdkbki hk|ie djtbkdz`b k`}ktk ~kt}ki'~kt}ki

~aei}if mj`bk` ~tj|imj` \ajhkt}a. ^kt}ki ~aei}if gjg~jtaejh k~k yk`b mifjhj`mkfi dzfk`

|i|}jg mi|}tif% }j}k~i |i|}jg ~ta~at|ia`ke. Mk` ~tj|imj` \ajhkt}a gj`mk~k} hkf z`}zfgj`bk`bfk} |j~jt}ibk k`bba}k G^T mj`bk` }zozzk` kbkt ZZM ;9=: }imkf di|k mizdkh.

Hk`yk |kok mi |i i% KH @k|z}ia` djtdjmk ~k`mk`bk` mj`bk` ~tj|imj` \ajhkt}a. Ik

gjìeki hke i}z |jdkbki ~j`bkeihk` ~k`mk`bk` djekfk.

KH @k|z}ia` fjljrk }jthkmk~ |ifk~ yk`b mikgdie ~kt}ki'~kt}ki ~aei}if yk`b gj`bk`bbk~

hke ~ti`|i~ie i}z miejrk}fk` Lzgk fktj`k gk|ih mkekg ck|j }tk`|i|i. Ik gjìeki% fj|zei}k`kfk` }jtokmi k~kdiek |i|}jg i}z djtokek` mk` }jtfa`|aeimk|i . Ik gjgk`mk`b ~kt}ki'~kt}ki

~aei}if ejdih gjgj`}i`bfk` kbkt ~jgiez |jfjek|`yk }jt|jej`bbktk% bz`k gj`bkfihiti

gk|k }tk`|i|i mk` gj`bk`bbk~ djbi}z gj`mj|kf tk|k`yk gj`bhkmk~i |i|}jg

~j`bk`bfk}k` rkfie'rkfie tkfyk} |jlktk ~ti`|i~ie.'k`

ik }jekh gj`bi`bk}fk` dj}k~k ~jtez ~jtgztìk` kt}i mricz`b|i i}z. \jdkbki fjfzk}k`

~jt}khk`k`'fjkgk`k` mk` fjfzk}k` |a|ike'~aei}if% KDTI hj`mkf`yk djt}i`mkf |jgk}k'gk}k z`}zf gjrzozmfk` fji`bi`k` KDTI% yki}z fj|jg~k}k` ifz} djtdilktk gj`bj`ki

djtdkbki fjdiokf|k`kk` yk`b mikgdie ~jgjti`}kh. KH @k|z}ia` }imkf djtgkf|zm kbkt

KDTI djtkmk mkekg ~a|i|i yk`b }jtekez magi`k`.

]D \igk}z~k`b

Fj}ifk gk|ih gjòkdk} Fj~kek \tkc K`bfk}k` ^jtk`b TI% }khz` ;9:=% ]D \zgk}z~k`b

gj`zei| dzfz ^jea~at mkekg ^jtk`b% ^jea~at mkekg Mkgki% yk`b i|i`yk djti`}ifk`

fjgz`bfi`k` ]@I kfk` gjgki`fk` ~jtk`k` yk`b ejdih dj|kt mkekg fjhimz~k` `jbktkmk` dk`b|k. ]j}k~i dkhkyk`yk }jtej}kf mkekg ~jtk|kk` giei}jt yk`b ejdih ezk|. Di|k okmi

fjhkmitk` k`bfk}k` ~jtk`b mi |jgzk `jbktk mjgaftk|i kfk` gj`bz`mk`b fjfzk}itk`

gjgdzfk ~i`}z dkbi }igdze`yk fjmif}kf}atk` giei}jt. ^jtk|kk` |jgklkg iì miz`bfk~fk`mzk ri`mz fjgzmik`

49Idim%Idim%heg. 448 449


7/17

^j}jt Fk|j`mk

^kmk rkf}z i}z ~ifitk` |kyk miei~z}i aejh dkyk`bk` fjfhkrk}itk` yk`b gj`bi`bk}fk`

~kmk ~jt|i}irk ok}zh`yk tjig Fazgi`}k`b mk` tk`bfkik` laz~ mk` la`}tklaz~ miKgjtifk Ek}i`. \joktkh Fazgi`}k`b gjtz~kfk` la`}ah yk`b ~kei`b bjgiek`b dkbi

|kyk yk`b ~kei`b bkgdek`b dkbi |kyk }j`}k`b fj}imkfgkg~zk` |zk}z tjig yk`b

mimk|ktfk` ~kmk fjfzk}k` giei}jt z`}zf gjgig~i` |zk}z tjsaez|i mj`bk` djthk|ie.Fj}ifk |j|zmkh ~j`bkfzk` fjmkzek}k` `jbktk fi}k ~kmk dzek` Mj|jgdjt ;9=9% |kyk

Mik`bfk} gjòkmi ~jgk`k`bfz Fj~kek \}kc K`bfk}k` Mktk} ~kmk z|ik 49 }khz`%

\kyk gj`ykmkti% |jdkbki |kekh |k}z }zbk| |kyk ikekh djtz|khk |z~kyk |joktkhKgjtifk Ek}i` mk` |joktkh Fazgi`}k`b ok`bk` |kg~ki djtzek`b mi I`ma`j|ik.

^j`bjt}ik` |kyk gj`bj`ki |i}zk|i ~kmk rkf}z i}z % kmkekh kekgikh fkekz |j|zmkh

Fj`jtmjfkk` `k|ia`ke% mi gk`k gjgki`fk` ~jtk`k` yk`b gj`}zfk` % `jbktk kfk`

mi~jti`}khfk` aejh |zk}z ~jgjti`}khk` giei}jt Gkfk mkti i}z mi~jtezfk` |zk}z ~jgjti`}khk` giei}jt. Gkfk mkti i}z mi~jtezfk` |zk}z ~jgjti`}khk` giei}jt% gkfk

mkti i}z mi~jtezfk` |zk}z z|khk gj`j`bkh kbkt |joktkh }imkf gj`bifz} ktkh yk`b

kekgikh .

^kmk rkf}z i}z }jtmk~k} fj|kmktk`% dkhrk z`}zf gj`yjekgk}fk` tj~zdeif mkti

dkhkyk Fazgi`}k`b mk` Kgjtifk Ek}i` |jekgk }khz`'}khz` |j|zmkh ~j`bkfzk`fjmkzek}k` % gkfk z|khk yk`b }jtz| miokek`fk` . Z|khk'z|khk i}z% ~jt}kgk z`}zf

gjgk`}k~fk` kfk` fj|kmktk` kfk` fj|k}zk` mk` ~jt|k}zk` mi fkek`bk` tkfyk}%

fjmzk z`}zf gjg~jtfzk} |}tzf}zt'|}tzf}zt ~aei}if mk` fj}ifk z`}zf gjì`bfk}fk`

gz}z atbkì|k|i giei}jt .


8/17

^j}jt Fk|j`mk

Z`}zf gj`okgi` djtfjgdk`b`yk mk|kt'mk|kt mjgaftk|i |zk}z `jbktk% ]D \igk}z~k`b

gj`bkozfk` ke}jt`k}ic. ^jt}kgk% kmk`yk |zk}z z|khk kbkt mkekg K`bfk}k` ^jtk`b }jtlk~ki}tkmi|i yk`b ejdih gjgj`}i`bfk` ~jtfjgdk`bk` giei}jt yk`b |k`bk} |jhk} mk` gkg~z

gj`bhktbki mk|kt'mk|kt mjgaftk|i% mk` fjmzk% |i|}jg mjgaftk|i hktz| gjgdzf}ifk`

miti% fkekz ik gkg~z gjgjlkhfk` ~jt|akek '~jt|akek` yk`b mihkmk~i dk`b|k mk``jbktk.


9/17

^j}jt Fk|j`mk

Fz}i~k` mi k}k| ojek| gj`zòzffk` dj}k~k ]D \igk}z~k`b gjg~z`yki ~jthk}ik` |jtiz|

}jthkmk~ fjhimz~k` tkfyk} mj|k% yk`b mik`bbk~`yk dk`ykf gjgdk`}z }zbk|'}zbk|`yk|jekgk ~j`bz`b|ik`% |jhi`bbk gj`yjdkdfk` mik djt}k`yk ~kmk miti yk% K~kfkh yk`b

}jekh mi~jtfzk} z`}zf tkfyk} mj|k yk`b mik`bbk~ gjg~z`yki dk`ykf ok|k }jthkmk~

K`bfk}k` ^jtk`b TI 1

K~kfkh fi}k gjg~z`yki ~ifitk`'~ifitk` yk`b fa`fti} z`}zf gjgdkrk fjkmiek`

mk` fjgkfgztk` fj mj|k'mj|k mk` hz}k`'hz}k` fi}k1\jti`bfkei |kyk gj`k`ykfk`~jt}k`ykk` iì fj~kmk miti |kyk |jrkf}z }i`bbke mi Dk`ktk` . \jti`b ozbk |kyk

gjgdilktkfk` mj`bk` Kei Dajmiktmoa. Kfk` }j}k~i rkf}z fkgi gjì`bbkefk`

Dk`ktk` gkfk |kyk |j`miti gjg~jtaejh okrkd yk`b gjgz|k}fk` k}k| ~jt}k`ykk`

iì.

^tidkmi fjgdkti bj`jtk|i K`bfk}k` =:% dkif |jdkbki giei}jt% ~jozk`b `k|ia`ke% mk`

~jgzmk% kmkekh hk|ie mkti |joktkh fjekhitk` mk` ~jt}zgdzhk` ]@I fi}k. Hk`yk |kok% fk}k

]D \igk}z~k`b% ekgdk}'ekz` }jtk|kekh fjmzk |jbi mkti ~tidkmi fjgdkt i}z mi}zozfk`fj~kmk z|khk'z|khk z`}zf gj`jbkffk` }i`bfk} }jfì| yk`b |j}i`bbi gz`bfi` mk` mi|i~ei`

yk`b |jfzk} gz`bfi`% |jdkeif`yk mkti ~jozk`b `k|ia`ke mk` ~jgzmk mkekg gj`bhj`mkfi

`jbktk yk`b fzk} |jt}k gk|yktkfk} yk`b kmie mk` gkfgzt. Mkti |i}zekh ekhit fa`ceif yk`b}j`}z`yk |k`bk} gjegkhfk` ]@I dkhfk` fkmk`b'fkmk`b gj`bba`lk`bfk` `jbktk mk`

gk|yktkfk}.=;

Gj`ztz} ]D \igk}z~k`b% djt}kgdkh ezk|`yk ~jtk`k` K`bfk}k` ^jtk`b |jlktk djtk`b|zt'

k`b|zt mi|jdkdfk` aejh djdjtk~k ckf}at. ^jt}kgk% kmk`yk ~ta|j| ~jt}zgdzhk` mi mkekg

atbkì|k|i% mi|i~ei` mk` gz}z k`bfk}k` ~jtk`b |jlktk ~jtekhk 'ekhk` 6fjmzk% kmk`yk

~jt}ifkik`'~jt}ifkik` gkz~z` ~jt~jlkhk` mi fkek`bk` egdkbk'ejgdkbk ~aei}if6 fj}ibk%}jtmk~k} yk k`lkgk`'k`lkgk` }jthkmk~ }jthkmk~ mk|kt `jbktk mk` dk`b|k% yk`b

gjgdjtifk` fj~kmk k`bfk}k` ~jtk`b ~jtk`k` |jdkbki ~j`bkrke ^k`lk|iek mk`6 fjjg~k}%

}imkf }jtlk~ki`yk ~j`yjej|kik` |jlktk mkgki mkekg fa`ceif k`}ktk I`ma`j|ik mk` Djek`mk%|jhi`bbk gjgdzk} I`ma`j|ik gjòkek`fk` ~jtk`b fjgjtmjfkk` mkekg dj`}zf ~jtk`b

tkfyk}.=4

Idim% heg. 4=9.=;]D \igk}z~k`b.^jgjti`}kh'Gk|yktkfk}'K`bfk}k` ^jtk`bOkfkt}k ? I`mi % heg. 2> ' 2==4]D \igk}z~k`b .^jtk`k` K`bfk}k` Djt|jòk}k mkekg @jbktk ^k`lk|iek yk`b

Gjtmjfk. Okfkt}k ? Imkyz % ;98>% heg. 2> 2=.


Jgkie? gt.fk|j`mkNbgkie.lag9


10/17

^j}jt Fk|j`mk

Gjeihk} ~jtk` yk`b djbi}z dj`kt mkti K`bfk}k` Djt|jòk}k% ]D \igk}z~k`b ozbk gjtk|k

fhkrk}it% |jdkd }kf kmk okgi k` fkekz giei}jt mi `jbktk'`jbktk djtfjgdk`b mi K|ik mk`Kctifk }imkf kfk` }jtfj`k bamkk` mk` dkhkyk mkti |zk}z ~jgjti }khk` giei}jt mk`

fjmif}kf}atk` giei}jt yk`b |j`k`}ik|k gj`bi`}i~. Fk|z| yk`b mik`bfk} ]D \igk}z~k`b

kmkekh mkekg |joktkh `jbktk'`jbktk Kgjtifk Ek}i`% ~jgig~i`'~jgig~i` giei}jt hktz|gj`bi|i fjfa|a`bk` yk`b mi}i`bbkefk``yk aejh fjbkbkek` fjeag~af ~aei}if |jdkbkigk`k

hke yk |jfktk`b mi djdjtk~k `jbktk K|ik'Kctifk. ]j}k~i |j}jekh djdjtk~k rkf}z%

~k}tia}i|gj fkzg giei}jt |jgzek mi Kgjtifk Ek}i gzeki ~zmkt mk` gjtjfkgjg~jtbz`kfk` fjfzk|kk` z`}zf fj~j`}i`bk` miti`yk |j`miti.=

\kyimigk` \ztyahkmi~tamoa yk`b ezez| Kfkmjgi Giei}jt K`bfk}k` ; Yabykfkt}k

gjgdjti ~jòjek|k` k~k yk`b migkf|zm mj`bk` mricz`b|i ]@I!KDTI. Ik gjtzgz|fk`

^kmk hkfjfk}`yk mricz`b|i ]@I }imkf mj`bk` |j`miti`yk djtkt}i% dkhrk af`zg'

af`zg ]@I hktz| gj`mzmzfi }jg~k}'}jg~k} à` giei}jt% mricz`b|i ]@I djtkt}i

dkhrk ]@I }imkf |kok gjtz~kfk` |zk}z fjfzk}k` giei}jt yk`b gjòkek`fk` cz`b|i'cz`b|i giei}jt }j}k~i ozbk gjtz~kfk` fjfzk}k` |a|ike ~aei}if yk`b }ztz} djt}k`bbz`b

okrkd k}k| ~jt}zgdzhk` `jbktk mk` dk`b|k I`ma`j|ik |j|zki mj`bk` k|~itk|i'k|~itk|i

dk`b|k . Dkhrk z`}zf mkekg gjòkek`fk` cz`b|i |jdkbkigk`k gj|}i`yk |jdkbki

fjfzk}k` |a|ike ~aei}if mk` af`zg'af`zg ]@I mzmzf mkekg okdk}k` à`'giei}jtkmkekh gz`bfi` % }j}k~i }imkf ~jtez gjòkmi fjhktz|k` fkekz }k`~k i}z ]@I gjykfiì

dkhrk ~jt}zgdzhk` `jbktk mk` dk`b|k |j|zki mj`bk` k|~itk|i'k|~itk|i tkfyk}:;.

Gj`bj`ki fjgz`bfi`k` djtek`b|z`b mricz`b|i ]@I% \kyimigk` \ztyahkmi~tamoa

gjgdjti okrkdk` |jekgk kmk ]@I hktz| kmk ~j`bjt}ik` mricz`b|i % yki}z tk|k}k`bbz`b okrkd ]@I }jthkmk~ fjkgkgk` mk` fj|jokh}jtkk` `jbktk mk` dk`b|k

djtmk|ktfk` ^k`lk|iek :4 Z`}zf i}zekh oirk mk` |ifk~ ~jtozk`bk` ]@I i}z ~jtez

mi~z~zfk` mk` mi~jeihktk mk` mi}zektfk` fj~kmk bj`jtk|i'bj`jtk|i ]@I yk`b kfk` mk}k`b.

\jeki` i}z% ik gj`bi`bk}fk` fkekz gz}z fj~jgig~i k` |i~ie ~jtez mi}i`bfk}fk``yk|jhi`bbk mricz`b|i ]@I }imkf ~jtez miekf|k`kfk` mj`bk` gj`jg~k}ii okdk}k`'okdk}k`

jf|jfz}ic |i~ie |jlktk ezk|% mk` |jdkeif`yk ]@I |j`k`}ik|k |ik~ z`}zf gjgdjtifk` }j`kbk

mk` ~jtk`k``yk% k~kdiek fj~j`}i`bk` |i~ie djezg k}kz }imkf gjgj`zhi fjdz}zhk` . :Idim%heg. ;8< ;99.:;Idim.:4Idim.:


13/17

^j}jt Fk|j`mk

Fkekz kmk fjbz|ktk` mi |jgj`}ktk fkek`bk` dkhrk kmk`yk ~j`zòzfk` k`bba}k ejgdkbk

~jtrkfiek`% yk`b mik`bbk~ djt}j`}k`bk` mj`bk` |jgk`bk} mjgaftk|i% dkhfk` kmk yk`b

gj`bk`bbk~ ~j`zòzfk` i}z gj`bz`}z`bfk` |k}z ~ihkf mk` gjtzbifk` ~ihkf eki .\kyimigk` \ztyahkmi~tamoa gj`bz|zefk` kbkt mikmkfk` tjcjtj`mzg |kfk% |j~jt}i yk`b

mi|ktk`fk` aejh ^tj|imj` \ajhkt}a bz`k gj`bj}khzi |ifk~ gkyati}k|. Fkekz tjcjtj`mzg

i}z }jt`yk}k gjg~jteihk}fk` gkyati}k| gk|yktkfk} gj`bhj`mkfi }imkf kmk ~j`zòzfk`k`bba}k KDTI z`}zf mzmzf mkekg ejgdkbk ~jtrkfiek`% gkfk kmk dkif`yk lktk |jgklkg

iì i}z mihj`}ifk` |kok.::

Fa`|jfzj`|i`yk k`bba}k KDTI mk~k} mi~ieih mk` gjgieih% |jdkd iì gjtz~kfk` hkf`yk

|jdkbki rktbk `jbktk. Fkekz hke i}z }jtokmi kmk gk|kekh% K~kfkh KDTI gjtz~kfk` |kekh

|k}z fa`}j|}k` ^jgiez }jt|j`miti k}kz `kbba}k KDTI gk|zf mkekg mkc}kt lkea` at~ae.

\kyimigk` \ztyahkmi~tamoa gjòjek|fk`% fkekz k`bba}k KDTI gk|zf mkekg okoktk`fj}ibk at~ae djtmk|ktfk` ~a|i|i mricz`b|i KDTI yk`b gjgj`}i`bfk` fj~j`}i`bk`

`k|ia`ke% hke i}z }imkf gj`bz}z`bfk` KDTI. ]jt~j`lkt`yk k`bba}k KDTI fj mkekg

fj}ibk at~ae% mk~k} gj`bbk`bbz fjfag~kfk``yk. K}kz k`bba}k KDTI gk|zf |k}z at~ae

|kok mk` kfk` gjòkmifk` mricz`b|i mi|zdatmi`k|ifk` ~tabtkg at~ae i}z. ^kmk kfhit`yk%\kyimigk` \ztyahkmi~tamoa gj`bz|zefk` kbkt k`bba}k KDTI miokmifk` |jdkbki |kekh

|k}z fa`}j|}k` ~jgiez djt|kgk at~ae'at~ae eki``yk. ^jgieihk``yk gj`bbz`kfk` |i|}jgmi|}tif. Okmi gk|yktkfk} gjgieih dzfk` atk`b at~ae. \j}jekh i}z |jozgekh k`bba}k KDTI

yk`b }jt~ieih% gjgdj`}zf ctkf|i KDTI mkekg ejgdkbk ~jtrkfiek`.:3

Fkekz gjeihk} ~k`mk`bk` \kyimigk` \ztyahkmi~t~moa kmk fj|k` dkhrk ik gj`bi`bi`fk`kmk`yk mjgaftk}i|k|i mk` ik gjtk|k ykfi` dkhrk KDTI gkg~z gjgdkrkfk` ìeki'ìeki

i}z mjgi fj~j`}i`bk` dk`b|k mk` `jbktk. \kyimigk` \ztyahkmi~tamoa gjòjek|fk` dkhrk

}k`g~kf`yk |jfktk`b ~z` ~jì bfk}k` fjhimz~k` mjgaftk|i mi I`ma`j|ik gk|ih dk`ykf}jtbk`}z`b mkti ~ktk mri cz`b|i KDTI% }k`~k gjgk`mk`b tjgjh atbkì|k|i'atbkì|k|i

eki`.:2 Hk`yk |kok mi |iì% \kyimigk` \ztyahkmi~tamoa ejdih gj`jfk`fk` dkhrk k~k yk`b

mikt}ifk` mjgaftk|i dzfk` mkekg mjgaftk|i ~aei}if |kok% gjeki`fk` hktz| mikt}ifk`|jdkbki mjgaftk|i jfaàgi mk` mjgaftk|i |a|ike'dzmkyk. :8

\ajgi}ta

Gjìeki fjlj`mjtz`bk` yk`b kmk ~kmk |kk} iì% \ajgi}ta gj`bk`bbk~ }jekh }jtokmi`yk

~ta|j| mi|j`bkbjgj`}~kmk }khz` ;988. Hke i}z |jdkbki |zk}z fjokmik` yk`b mitj|}zi aejhfkek`bk` KDTI yk`b |kk} iì gk|ih djtkmk mi }kg~zf ~jgjti`}khk`. Djtfki}k` mj`bk`

mricz`b|i% \ajgi}ta gjòjek|fk`6.

Mricz`bi }j}k~ kmk% hk`yk i`}j`|i}k| fj}jteidk}k``yk mkekg ~jekf|k`kk` cz`b|i

fjmzk i}z }jtbk`}z`b mkti~kmk fjkmkk` . Iì fjgdkei ~kmk |i|}jg mk` fti}jtik

::A~. Li}.:3Idim.:2\kyimigk` \ztyahkmi~taoa% Mricz`b|i KDTI Gjòjek`b Gk|k Mj~k` % \zktk

^jgdktzk` % 9 ;> Ozì ;988.:8A~.Li}.


Jgkie? gt.fk|j`mkNbgkie.lag;


14/17

^j}jt Fk|j`mk

mj`bk` }j}k~ gjg~jth}ifk` ~ti`|i~ }hj tibh} gk` i` }hj tibh} ~eklj:9

Gjeihk} ~j`bj`mkeik` Baea`bk` Fktyk aejh KDTi% \ajgi}ta gjgdjtifk` fagj`}kt%3>kmk dkif`yk hke i}z }imkf miekfzfk` |jlktk atbkì|k}ati|% }j}k~i lzfz~ k|~itk}ic. Z`}zf

i}z% \ajgi}ta yk`b ~jt`kh gjòkmi ^k`bmkg Dtkriokyk gj`bz|zefk` kbkt fj~j`bztz|k`

Baefkt mi |j}ik~ }i`bfk} fjlzkei \jftj}kti| Oj`mtke% miokdk} aejh ^zt`kritkrk` KDTI yk`b}jekh gk}k`b djt~aei}if mk` mi~jtlkyki KDTI. ]zbk| z}kgk gjtjfk kmkekh gjgdi`k

fkmjt Baefkt mk` gj`mkykbz`kfk` mk~zt ~jgifitk`. \jlktk ojek|% \ajgi}ta gj`bk}kfk`

fkekz fkzg ~zt`kritkrk` KDTI i}z }imkf daejh djtkgdi|i mk` }imkf daejh mi}zòzfgjòkmi!gj`mzmzfi bzdjt`zt% gj`}jti% Rk~tj|% ^tj|imj`% Mz}k Dj|kt mk` |jdkbki`yk.

Hk`yk fkmjt Baefkt mkti fkek`bk` |i~ieekh yk`b ekgk hktz| mi|ik~fk` z`}zf gj`bi|i

okdk}k` okdk}k` }jt|jdz}. Mk` \ajgi}ta gjeihk} dj}k~k ~jtez`yk |ifk~ `j}tke mkti ~ihkf

KDTI% |j~jt}i yk`b miz`bfk~fk` .

Mjgfik` ~zek KDTI mk~k} fjgdkei ~kmk ~a|i|i hi|}ati|`yk |jdkbki fjfzk}k` |a|ike'

~aei}if% yk`b djtmiti mi k}k| |jgzk baea`bk` % gj`kz`bi mk` }imkf daejh djthkmk~k`

mj`bk` fjfzk}k` ~aei}if gk`k~z`% }jtz}kgk mi ktj`k ~tkf}i| . \jdkbki gieif tkfyk}%KDTI hktz| gjòkmi fj~jtlkykk` |jgzk baea`bk` % k~kekbi |j}jekh ^k`lk|iek

gjtz~kfk` |k}z'|k}z`yk k|k| dkbi |jgzk atbkì|k|i mi dzgi I`ma`j|ik. 3;

Fj}jteidk}k` kDTI |jlktk magi`k` mkekg fjhimz~k` ~aei}if% mikfidk}fk` }jtokmi`yk

^jti|}irk B''\. ^kmk |kk} i}z }jtokmi ~ta|j| mj~aei}i|k|i'mj\ajfktài|k|i. Fktj`k

|jdkbki dj|kt ~jokdk} ~jgjti }kh kmkekh ~jokdk} @k|kfag% gkfk gjtjfk hk`ykmibzei`bfk` mk` miok}zhfk` mkti okdk}k``yk. Fjfa|a`bk` okdk}k` iìekh yk`b fjgzmik`

mii|i aejh k`bba}k KDTI. \jdkd eki` kmkekh ~kt}ki'~kt}ki ~aei}if miek`mk fa`ceif% gjtjfk

gjgi`}k KDTI gj`bi|i okdk}k` |j~jt}i dz~k}i% rkeifa}k mk` |jdkbki`yk. 34 Fkekz gjeihk}gzeki djtbj|jt`yk ~jtk`k` KDTI. Gj`ztz} \ajgi}ta yk`b ~jt`kh gjòkmi Rk~k`bkd i}z%

~kmk krke mzmzf`yk KDTI mkekg okdk}k`'okdk}k` |i~ie k}kz ditaftk} |jgk}k migkf|zmfk`

z`}zf gj`bhk`lztfk` ^FI% gj`bk`bfk} ridkrk ~jgjti`}kh% |jfkeibz| gjgdjt|ihfk`mkti |i|k'|i|k @k|kfag. \jgzk i}z kmkekh fti|i| yk`b }jtokmi ~kmk rkf}z i}z. Rkekz~z`

mjgifik`% \ajgi}ta gjtk|k ~jtlkyk% fkekz KDTI }imkf djtgkf|zm z`}zf gjg~jt~kòk`b

fti|i|. \jdkd kmk`yk fti|i| gjtz~kfk` |zk}z fjhatgk}k` dkbi KDTI z`}zf |jlj~k}`ykgjàtgkefk` fjkmkk`% dzfk` z`}zf gjg~jt~kòk`b`yk.

âei}if }jtdzfk yk`b mik`z} aejh ~jgjti`}kh ~kmk |kk} iì% gjtz~kfk` |zk}z fj|jg~k}k`

dj|kt dzk} baea`bk` |i~ie z`}zf gj i`bfk}fk` fzkei}k| fj~jgig~ig`yk% kbkt mk~k}gjgki`fk` ~jtk` ejdih dj|kt |j~jt}i mkhzez. \jdkd mj`bk` fj}jtdzfkk` yk`b kmk

gj`li~}kfk` ~jt|ki bk` kbkt }jtli~}k`yk gk`z|ik yk`b djtfzkei}k|% ~j i`bfk}k`

i`}jejf}zke |jt}k gj`li~}kfk` gk`z|ik yk`b gjg~z`yki fjgkg~zk` z`}zf djfjtok.\jdkd% fk}k \ajgi}ta yk`b ~jt`kh gjòkdk} ^k`bfa~fkg}id i}z% gz`lzee`yk gk`z|ik

|jgklkg i}z dj}ze'dj}ze mitk|kfk` |jdkbki |zk}z fjdz}zhk` ~kmk |kk} iì % }jtz}kgk ~kmk

:9Jf|jfz}ic% Kbz|}z| ;98:% heg. ;2 4:.3>\ajgi}ta % â|i|i Baefkt mkekg ^jgdktzk` Fjhimz~k` âei}if %Fag~k|% 4: Ozei

;988.3;A~.Li}.34Iegz mk` Dzmkyk %@a. ;>% Ozei ;988.heg. 234 23


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^j}jt Fk|j`mk

}khz` ;99


16/17

^j}jt Fk|j`mk

gj`ztz} Hk|`k` Hkdid% hke }jt|jdz} }jekh gjgdjti fj|jg~k}k` dzk} KDTI z`}zf

gjì`bfk}fk` ~tacj|ia`kei|gj

Mj`bk` mjgifik`% ~jtk`k` |a|ike'~aei}if KDTI |jlktk djtk`b|zt'k`b|zt kfk` mk~k}

mikeihfk` fj mkekg |z~tk |}tzf}zt. Iì kfk` gjgdjtifk` fj|jg~k}k` ejdih dj|kt

dkbi KDTI .z`}zf gjgj`zhi ~jì`bfk}k` ~tacj|ia`kei|gj |jdkbki fjfzk}k`~jt}khk`k` fjkgk`k` |j|zki mj`bk` }z`}z}k` ~jtfjgdk`bk` iegz ~j`bj}khzk` 38

Kmk`yk }zmzhk` ~jtk` ~aei}if giei}jt I`ma`j|ik mj`bk` fzmj}k. Hk|`k` Hkdid yk`b~jt`kh gjòkdk} mz}k dj|kt mi Kgjtifk \jtifk} i}z gjàekf }zmzhk` |jgklkg i}z. \jdkd

KDTI |jokf ekhit`yk |zmkh djt~aei}if% |i}zk|i mk` fa`mi|i mkekg ~jtiamj i}z

gj`mata`b`yk z`}zf djt~aei}if. Mkekg ~jtokek``yk KDTI }jekh djt djt'mricz`b|i%

rkekz~z` mj`bk` i`}j`|i}k|% dj`}zf% mk` lktk yk`b |kgk mkekg djtdkbki ~jtiamj. Hk`yk|kok% fk}k Hk|`k` Hkdid% mkekg Atmj Dktz ~jtk` ~aei}if KDTI gjòkmi |jmjgifik`

dj|kt`yk% |jhi`bbk mk~k} gjgj`zhi ~jt|yktk}k` }i~j mzke'tzej k}kz mri'~j`bzk|kk`

KDTI djt|kgk Baefkt% mj`bk` KDTI |jdkbki fjfzk}k` |a|ike ~aei}if yk`b ejdih

magi`k`.

39

Gz`bfi` yk`b gj`ktif kmkekh k~k yk`b mifk}kfk` Hk|`k` Hkdid djtfki}k` mj`bk`fjmjrk|kk` dzmkyk ~aei}if yk`b }jtokmi ~kmk |kk} i}z. Ik gj ieki |jdjezg }jtmk~k}

fjmjrk|kk` ~aei}if% djtkt}i ~j`bzk|kk` giei}jt }jthkmk~ fjhimz~k` ~aei}if }jtk|k

magi`k`. Ik gjeihk} dkhrk kfk` }jtokmi ~jtzdkhk` ~aek mri'~j`bzk|kk` yk`b djtekfz

|jokf ~jtgzekk` Atmj Dktz% gjòkmi ~j`bzk|kk` }imkf ek`b|z`b % }k`~k gj`bztk`bihkfjfk} mk` kt}i micz`b|i KDTI. ^jtzdkhk` iì }jtokmi |jdjezg }khz` 4>>>.2> Fkekz

mzbkk` i}z }jt`yk}k dj`kt% gkfk z`}zf ~jef|k`kk` mricz`b|i KDTI% ik gj`bz|zefk` ?

Okmi% fk}k Hk|`k` Hkdid% ~jekf|k`kk` mricz`b|i KDTI hktz| mi|j|zkifk` mj`bk` |i}zk|i

mk` fa`mi|i yk`b yk`b kmk. \jdkd |j}ik~ kgk` gjg~z`yki }k`}k`bk` yk`b djtdjmk'

djmk. Mkekg kt}i ~kmk |kk} iì mik`bbk~ |jdkbki gk|k ~jtkeihk`% mik`bbk~ ~jtez`yk~j`bztk`bk` k`bba}k KDTI yk`b }jteidk} mkekg fjhimz~k` ~aei}if. \jdkd |j~jt}i yk`b

}jekh mi}jbk|fk` dkhrk fjdjthk|iek` mricz`b|i KDTI kmkekh |jgkfi` djtfztk`b`yk yk`b

mzmzf mkekg okdk}k` yk`b |jekez mik`bbk~ gjg~z`yki ìeki'ìeki |}tk}jbi| dzk}fj~j`}i bk` KDTI. K}kz mj`bk` fk}k eki % fjfktykk` KDTI kmk dkif`yk |jgkfi

mifztk`bi mk` mii|i aeh fkzg |i~ie |kok.

^j`z}z~

Fkekz gjeihk} k~k yk`b }jtz`bfk~ mkti fjeigk ~jgifit giei}jt I`ma`j|ik mi k}k|% `kg~kf}jtmk~k} fj|k` kmk`yk fj|j~kfk}k` dkhrk kmk`yk mricz`b|i KDTI fktj`k ~ta|j| hi|}ati|

yk`b }jekh djtek`b|z`b ekgk. ]imkf kmk mi k`}ktk fjeigk ~jgifit giei}jt i}z z`}zf }imkf

|j}zoz kmk`yk mricz`b|i KDTI ~kmk |kk} gjtjfk gjòkmi jei}j giei}jt gkz~z` ~kmk gk|k

38Idim.39Idim.2>Idim.


Jgkie? gt.fk|j`mkNbgkie.lag;3


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^j}jt Fk|j`mk

|jfktk`b. Gj`ztz} gjtjfk% ~ti |i~ mricz`b|i KDTI ~jtez mi~jt}khk`fk` hk`yk |kok

gj}amj ~j`mjfk}k``yk ~jtez mizdkh mkti fzk`}i}k| fj fzkei}k|.2;

Gjtjfk |j~kfk} kbkt ~jtk` giei}jt yk`b }jtekez magi`k % yk`b mik`bbk~ |jdkbki

~jekf|k`kk` mricz`b|i KDTI% kbkt gzeki mifztk`bi% |jezk| gz`bfi`. Fjdk`ykfk` mkti

gjtjfk i}z gj`bi`bi`fk` kbkt baea`bk` |i~ie gj i`bfk}fk` fzkei}k|`yk% kbkt di|k|jlj~k} gz`bfi gj`bi|i fzt|i yk`b |jfktk`b mimzmzfi giei}jt. Giei}jt kfk`

gjì`bbkefk` okdk}k`'okdk}k` à`'giei}jt fkekz baea`bk` |i~ie yk`b gjgz`bfi`fk`

gj`bbk }ifk``yk mk` giei}jt |j`miti ejdih gjgz|k}fk` fzkei}k| ~j`bj}khzk` giei}jt%fhz|z|`yk ~jt}khk`k` mk` fjkgk`k`.

Cjàgj`k magi`k|i giei}jt I`ma`j|ik mi |jbkek dimk`b% kmk fjgz`bfi`k` dj|kt }imkf

gjàòae |j|zmkh }khz` 4>>>. Cjàgj`k i}z }jtokmi fktj`k |i}zk|i gj`bi`bi`fk` kbktbaea`bk` |i~ie ejdih gjgki`fk` ~jtk`k` yk`b gjàòae |jdkbkigk`k yk`b ~jt kh

milk~ki baea`bk` |i~ie mkhzez. Kmk`yk ~jgdkbik` }zbk| baea`bk` |i~ie mj`bk` baea`bk`

giei}jt gjòkmi ejdih ojek| yk`b gjòkmi }zbk| fjmzk baea`bk` }jt|jdz}. Fti}if'fti}if

mricz`b|i KDTI% |jdkbkigk`k |kk} iì gk|ih djtek`b|z`b% gkfi` ekgk kfk` djtfztk`b%|jhi`bbk ~j`bjti}if`yk gj`bk`bbk~ }imkf kmk`yk ejbi}igk|i giei}jt I`ma`j|ik z`}zf

djt~jtk` }jtekez magi`k`.

Migzk} mkekgHi|}ati Sae ; @agat 4 % ;994% hke. ;4 42 .

2;Idim.


Jgkie? gt.fk|j`mkNbgkie.lag;2

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