Diapositiva 1 - Haystack Observatory!--.’/0&12304’5’678’-099 (!"*,/.$...
Transcript of Diapositiva 1 - Haystack Observatory!--.’/0&12304’5’678’-099 (!"*,/.$...
!"#"$%"&'()'*++,!"#"$%"&'()'*++, !--.'/0&12304'5'678'-099!--.'/0&12304'5'678'-099
!""#$%!""#$%!"#$%&&'()!"#$%&&'()
##
##
*+,,'-+('.)+/*+,,'-+('.)+/
! &'()%'*+*%,-.%(/01+/23%!"#$%&&'()0#1"#2%..'&&)+0#!"#*+3+(4..+0#!"#5)&+.('0#6"#7,'.'/)'
! 45&%"*--3%8"#9,4:0#9"#24(.'()/)0#;"#!('<'30#6"#='4(.4/>0#?"#6+..3'//0#9"#6+@0#="#8%/A4(,)&<
! )6789:;%"<8%=1++>1??3%9"#54)A<'(A.0#6"#B4).,<C:,4(
####D+(#D)E9FG!#:)(3H'(4I
" !"#$%"#&'(:;<9='>;9=
! 41+@AB*C23#J'/#8'K/4(
!"#"$%"&'()'*++,!"#"$%"&'()'*++, !--.'/0&12304'5'678'-099!--.'/0&12304'5'678'-099
!""#$%DE"&%",0F1-.!""#$%DE"&%",0F1-.
!"#$!%&'
()*
()
!"#$%
!!!!!!!%+',&'+,-!./0!12345678069
!!!!#87498:;4<9
&'()*+,
-".
/)0
12#34
!)=>?
/1*
!!/1=
)*++$,-./#0-1
8?9'@6ABCDEFD*)'FD*ED+*G)D+*GEDF(H)'DF(HE*+GI
0&DED+*G)'D+*GE*+GI'''6AB
"@)&
A8B469
.!#2)536.!#7)536.!#8)536.!#9)536
!"#$!%&' !"#$!%&' !"#$!%&' /1*>
/1=>
!)=>?
/1*
!!/1=
/1*>
/1=>
"@)&
A8B469
"@)&
A8B469
"@)&
A8B469
!)=>?
/1*
!!/1=
/1*>
/1=> %:;;+3<:,
##=>?
(:@A<:,
!"#"$%"&'()'*++,!"#"$%"&'()'*++, !--.'/0&12304'5'678'-099!--.'/0&12304'5'678'-099
!--.'/0&12304'5'678'-099!--.'/0&12304'5'678'-099
G1C21H%*I%+B1%7J@+1K%G1C21H%*I%+B1%7J@+1K%
#*KL*-1-+@#*KL*-1-+@
! 9/',+K#*+/A).)+/)/K#=+A%,4
! 9/',+KL;)K).',#*+/M4(.4(#N9;2+'(AF#L#9;2+'(AOP
! ;'.'#7(+&4>>)/K#N*+(42+'(AF#Q#*+(42+'(AOP
! *+//4&.)+/#'/A#14(M)&4#ND)E'2+'(A#Q#D)E'FG!P
! $)3)/K#'/A#*,+&R#N*'$#Q#*,+&R#'/A#$)3)/K#2+'(A>P
! *+3S%.4(#*+/.(+,#'/A#1+:.H'(4#N7*14.P
!"#"$%"&'()'*++,!"#"$%"&'()'*++,
!--.'/0&12304'5'678'-099!--.'/0&12304'5'678'-099
#*-.2+2*-2-M%4*.N?1#*-.2+2*-2-M%4*.N?1##
5/19(!%#*-C1/@2*-%72M-,?%#*-.2+2*-2-M5/19(!%#*-C1/@2*-%72M-,?%#*-.2+2*-2-M
5/19(!%#*-C1/@2*-%'JON2@+%",-.%!1I2-2+2*-5/19(!%#*-C1/@2*-%'JON2@+%",-.%!1I2-2+2*-
P%G)%&-LN+%71?10+2*-P%G)%&-LN+%71?10+2*-
QN+LN+%E1C1?%#*-+/*?QN+LN+%E1C1?%#*-+/*?
:*+,?%5*H1/%41@N/1K1-+:*+,?%5*H1/%41@N/1K1-+
RST%8U>%",-.H2.+BRST%8U>%",-.H2.+B
!"#"$%"&'()'*++,!"#"$%"&'()'*++,
!--.'/0&12304'5'678'-099!--.'/0&12304'5'678'-099
,!"#$%!C!-!)<96%!14DEF,!"#$%!C!-!)<96%!14DEF
!"#"$%"&'()'*++,!"#"$%"&'()'*++,
!--.'/0&12304'5'678'-099!--.'/0&12304'5'678'-099
(!"*,/.V(!"*,/.V
4,W%7,KL?2-M%0?*0F%@2-M?1%X*,/.3%4,W%7,KL?2-M%0?*0F%@2-M?1%X*,/.3%
VST%8VST%8/0/0
QN+LN+%!,+,3%$%W%Y9X2+%Z%QN+LN+%!,+,3%$%W%Y9X2+%Z%G!1)BFG!1)BF!!##>##>%%
%%(-,?*M%+*%!2M2+,?%#*-C1/+1/(-,?*M%+*%!2M2+,?%#*-C1/+1/
(-,?*M%2-LN+3%[%9%$S$%8U>(-,?*M%2-LN+3%[%9%$S$%8U>%
4,W%&@+,-+,-1*N@%",-.H2.+B%2-%4,W%&@+,-+,-1*N@%",-.H2.+B%2-%
G1,?%4*.13%\T[%4U>G1,?%4*.13%\T[%4U>
4,W%&@+,-+,-1*N@%",-.H2.+B%2-%4,W%&@+,-+,-1*N@%",-.H2.+B%2-%
#*KL?1W%4*.13%VST%8U>#*KL?1W%4*.13%VST%8U>
!"#"$%"&'()'*++,!"#"$%"&'()'*++,
!--.'/0&12304'5'678'-099!--.'/0&12304'5'678'-099
(!"*,/.$(!"*,/.$
52MMJ9X,0F%K*.N?1%@NLL*/+%I*/%V[9X2+%*N+LN+%52MMJ9X,0F%K*.N?1%@NLL*/+%I*/%V[9X2+%*N+LN+%
,-.%0*--10+2*-%H2+B%)2E,V[8%X*,/.S,-.%0*--10+2*-%H2+B%)2E,V[8%X*,/.S
4,W%7,KL?2-M%0?*0F%@2-M?1%X*,/.3%4,W%7,KL?2-M%0?*0F%@2-M?1%X*,/.3%
$S$%8$S$%8/0/0
QN+LN+%!,+,3%$%W%Y9X2+%Z%]%7#?FQN+LN+%!,+,3%$%W%Y9X2+%Z%]%7#?F%%!!G!!G
P%W%Y9X2+%Z%V^Y%7#?F%!!GP%W%Y9X2+%Z%V^Y%7#?F%!!G%%
4,W%&-@+,-+,-1*N@%",-.H2.+B%2-%4,W%&-@+,-+,-1*N@%",-.H2.+B%2-%
G1,?%4*.13%VSV%8U>G1,?%4*.13%VSV%8U>
4,W%&-@+,-+,-1*N@%",-.H2.+B%2-%4,W%&-@+,-+,-1*N@%",-.H2.+B%2-%
#*KL?1W%4*.13%$S$%8U>#*KL?1W%4*.13%$S$%8U>
%%(-,?*M%+*%!2M2+,?%#*-C1/+1/%(-,?*M%+*%!2M2+,?%#*-C1/+1/%
(-,?*M%2-LN+3%[%_%RST%8U>(-,?*M%2-LN+3%[%_%RST%8U>%
!"#"$%"&'()'*++,!"#"$%"&'()'*++,
!--.'/0&12304'5'678'-099!--.'/0&12304'5'678'-099
#*/1$#*/1$
",@20%L/*01@@2-M%N-2+",@20%L/*01@@2-M%N-2+
&-LN+%G,+13%&-LN+%G,+13%
`P%&)@%W%$%XN@%W%Y%X2+%W%7#?F^P%!!Ga%X^@`P%&)@%W%$%XN@%W%Y%X2+%W%7#?F^P%!!Ga%X^@
`$%&)@%W%P%XN@%W%Y%X2+%W%7#?F^Y%!!Ga%X^@`$%&)@%W%P%XN@%W%Y%X2+%W%7#?F^Y%!!Ga%X^@
4*/1b4*/1b
:JL20,?%QN+LN+%G,+13%:JL20,?%QN+LN+%G,+13%
%%%%%%`cP%0B%W%R$9cP9V$Ya%4X^@`cP%0B%W%R$9cP9V$Ya%4X^@
6@S%!2M2+,?%!*H-%#*-C1/+1/36@S%!2M2+,?%!*H-%#*-C1/+1/3
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%V%#*/1"*,/.$%d%P%""#V%#*/1"*,/.$%d%P%""#
5/*M/,KK,X?1%,/0B2+10+N/15/*M/,KK,X?1%,/0B2+10+N/1%
4,W%&-LN+^QN+LN+%!,+,%G,+1%R$S\cY%8XL@4,W%&-LN+^QN+LN+%!,+,%G,+1%R$S\cY%8XL@
!"#"$%"&'()'*++,!"#"$%"&'()'*++,
!--.'/0&12304'5'678'-099!--.'/0&12304'5'678'-099
)2E,%"*,/.)2E,%"*,/.
)2/@+%,-.%E,@+%X*,/.%2-%+B1%@+,0F)2/@+%,-.%E,@+%X*,/.%2-%+B1%@+,0F
)2/@+3%)2/@+3%
%%%%%%%%#*KKN-20,+2*-%&-+1/I,01#*KKN-20,+2*-%&-+1/I,01
%%%%%%%%e:(8%5/*M/,KK2-M%#B,--1?e:(8%5/*M/,KK2-M%#B,--1?
%%%%%%%%V557%&-LN+V557%&-LN+
E,@+3%E,@+3%
%%%%%%%%$%D7&%&-+1/I,01@$%D7&%&-+1/I,01@
%%%%%%%%!(%#*-C1/+1/!(%#*-C1/+1/
V557%4*-2+*/%QN+V557%4*-2+*/%QN+
Y[U>%Y[U>%#*-+2-N*N@#*-+2-N*N@%#,?%QN+%#,?%QN+
#*--10+2*-%,-.%71/C201#*--10+2*-%,-.%71/C201
!"#"$%"&'()'*++,!"#"$%"&'()'*++,
!--.'/0&12304'5'678'-099!--.'/0&12304'5'678'-099
D)E'FG!D)E'FG!
"(()&%%234#05(46#.7
"(*6$$-0,1'(89(:4(;(<=>!+(;(&$,-.$#?(4@1
"(+,(0#$(4-(A?#0-7(-&,"-.(#,(,"-(4-%&$$&$%(6/(,"-(0"#&$(6.(#,(,"-(-$7
"(*6$$-0,-7(,6'
J(BCD<(;(,.#$1A6.,(6/(!"#$(%&'!($)(7#,#
J(E&FB(((;(,.#$1A6.,(6/(!#*+$%%$)(7#,#
"(+,(&1(#(<=>!+((#((<=89:(06$G-.,-.
"(CDD*(6@,A@,(0#$(4-(&$(A#.#??-?(G&#(<=>!+(#$7(89:H
"(83<3I(:4A1(06AA-.(06$$-0,&6$(/6.(?6J-.(7#,#(.#,-(,.#$1/-.
V[8%QL+20,?%)2X1/%#*--10+2*-%"*,/.V[8%QL+20,?%)2X1/%#*--10+2*-%"*,/.
!"#"$%"&'()'*++,!"#"$%"&'()'*++,
!--.'/0&12304'5'678'-099!--.'/0&12304'5'678'-099
D)E'FG!#*+//4&.)M).@D)E'FG!#*+//4&.)M).@
V0B%U7&V0B%U7&
4,WV[X2+4,WV[X2+
4,W%$S[PY8U>4,W%$S[PY8U>
$WD7&$WD7&
cP0BZV$Y4U>cP0BZV$Y4U>
V[8V[8
)2E,)2E,
V[8V[8
$%QL+20,?%4N?+2K*.1%$%QL+20,?%4N?+2K*.1%
)2X1/@%`f)5%:/,-@012C1/a)2X1/@%`f)5%:/,-@012C1/a
V[8%QL+20,?%)2X1/%#*--10+2*-%"*,/.V[8%QL+20,?%)2X1/%#*--10+2*-%"*,/.
!"#"$%"&'()'*++,!"#"$%"&'()'*++,
!--.'/0&12304'5'678'-099!--.'/0&12304'5'678'-099
! O#T#U1V#LLW#=XY*O#T#U1V#LLW#=XY*
! O#T#U1V#LLW#=XY*#Z#=XY2O#T#U1V#LLW#=XY*#Z#=XY2
#*--10+2*-%1W,KL?1@#*--10+2*-%1W,KL?1@
?8KLD+M 6NF.*OPQ8
?8KLD+M 6NF.*OPQ8
6NF-R-S
!"#"$%"&'()'*++,!"#"$%"&'()'*++,
!--.'/0&12304'5'678'-099!--.'/0&12304'5'678'-099
! O#T#U1V#LLW#54.H+(RO#T#U1V#LLW#54.H+(R
! 4.&"4.&"
#*--10+2*-%1W,KL?1@#*--10+2*-%1W,KL?1@
?8KLD+M*OPQ8
?8KLD+M!--.
D5'*'5'G'5'D+'T'*+'M%42'U"VW0&1
D5'*'5'G'5D+'5'*+'M%42''"5PK-8
!"#"$%"&'()'*++,!"#"$%"&'()'*++,
!"#"$%"&'()'*++,!"#"$%"&'()'*++, !--.'/0&12304'5'678'-099!--.'/0&12304'5'678'-099
DVE9FG!DVE9FG!
DVE9FG!#'/A#9;2ODVE9FG!#'/A#9;2O
!"#"$%"&'()'*++,!"#"$%"&'()'*++, !--.'/0&12304'5'678'-099!--.'/0&12304'5'678'-099
!--.'/0&12304'5'678'-099!--.'/0&12304'5'678'-099
#,:#,:
:2K2-M%7J-0B/*-2>,+2*-3:2K2-M%7J-0B/*-2>,+2*-3
U2MB%G1@*?N+2*-%;:V557%81-1/,+2*-U2MB%G1@*?N+2*-%;:V557%81-1/,+2*-
7J@+1K%#?*0F%81-1/,+2*-37J@+1K%#?*0F%81-1/,+2*-3
&-LN+%G1I1/1-01&-LN+%G1I1/1-01
5/*M/,KK,X?1%5/*M/,KK,X?1%
`1@S%V[$P%4U>g%$hR[%U>g%`1@S%V[$P%4U>g%$hR[%U>g%
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%$[PY%4U>g%$hRV%U>a$[PY%4U>g%$hRV%U>a
.X0#1'-0<&Y Z;$;9='-0<&Y
*?605(#$7(K&L&$%
!"#"$%"&'()'*++,!"#"$%"&'()'*++,
!--.'/0&12304'5'678'-099!--.'/0&12304'5'678'-099
5#71+5#71+
#*KKN-20,+2*-%H2+B%R$9X2+%XN@%I*/%#*/1"*,/.@%/1M2@+1/%@1++2-Mg%
+*+,?%L*H1/%K1,@N/1K1-+g%
@+,+2@+20@%*I%+B1%@+,+1g%
@2-M?1%0B,--1?%,N+*K,+20%M,2-%0*-+/*?g%1+0S
)58(%.1C201%0*-I2MN/,+2*-%+B/*NMB%;7"%_%e:(8%2-+1/I,01
)21?.%7J@+1K%2-+1/I,01%+B/*NMB%,%-1+H*/F%0*--10+2*-
#*KKN-20,+2*-%H2+B%#*-.2+2*-2-M%4*.N?1@%I*/%&)%+*+,?%L*H1/%
K1,@N/1g%,N+*K,+20%M,2-%0*-+/*?g%/1M2@+1/@%0*-+/*?
!"#"$%"&'()'*++,!"#"$%"&'()'*++,
!--.'/0&12304'5'678'-099!--.'/0&12304'5'678'-099
!""#!""#%",0F1-.%%",0F1-.%81-1/,?%)1,+N/1@81-1/,?%)1,+N/1@
B!!HI!4<!HI!4<!,!>A&*A!*3I;47!;I!4<!'J'++!KLJM++N!@/0
B!HI!4<!O,!<;4I;4!PD4D!E5D336B7!I69!*A!
B!'!Q1*!<;4I;4!E<336E4<97!R845!D4!I967634!%!<9!'!@:&7!6DE5
B!%+',&'+,-!./0!7DSIB83T!EB<EF!U96V;63E2
B!)5D336B!:D3PR8P45!9D3T83T!:64R663!M++!W/0!D3P!%O!./0X!HYZ
B!1<S6!R8P69!E5D336B!:D3PR8P45[!L'X!O,!./0!(<B2I5D76X!M%'X!%+',!./0
B!)<3483;<;7!EDB!R845!-+!/0!723E59<380D48<3!7;II<94
B!.;B48IB6!D9E5846E4;96!;783T!U;BB2!96\E<3U8T;9D:B6!A(@"!)<96$<D9P!
B!.<P;BD9!96DB80D48<3!U<9!ED7EDP6P!74DEF!I9<E67783T
!"#"$%"&'()'*++,!"#"$%"&'()'*++,
!"#"$%"&'()'*++,!"#"$%"&'()'*++, !--.'/0&12304'5'678'-099!--.'/0&12304'5'678'-099
!--.'/0&12304'5'678'-099!--.'/0&12304'5'678'-099!"#"$%"&'()'*++,!"#"$%"&'()'*++,
!--.'/0&12304'5'678'-099!--.'/0&12304'5'678'-099!"#"$%"&'()'*++,!"#"$%"&'()'*++,
!"#"$%"&'()'*++,!"#"$%"&'()'*++, !--.'/0&12304'5'678'-099!--.'/0&12304'5'678'-099
!--.'/0&12304'5'678'-099!--.'/0&12304'5'678'-099
QL1-%7J@+1KQL1-%7J@+1K
! :B1%!""#%@J@+1K%2@%@11-%,@%,-%i*L1-%.1C1?*LK1-+j%1-C2/*-K1-+g%.N1%+*%2+@%C1/J%M1-1/,?%K*/LB*?*MJS%
! (??%+B1%2-I*/K,+2*-%-101@@,/J%I*/%.1C1?*L2-M%*H-%I2/KH,/1%+*%X1%/N-%2-+*%+B1%@J@+1K%H2??%X1%I/11?J%.2@+/2XN+1.
! &-+1/1@+1.%L1*L?1%0,-%M1+%2-%+*N0B%H2+B%N@
!"#"$%"&'()'*++,!"#"$%"&'()'*++,
[.<4(#D)(3H'(4#7(+\4&.>#%/A4(#A4M4,+S34/.[.<4(#D)(3H'(4#7(+\4&.>#%/A4(#A4M4,+S34/.
! 1S4&.(+34.4(#]YX#S+)/.>#N9(&4.()0#*'K,)'()P
! E)/4'(#.+#*)(&%,'(#7+,'()^'.)+/#*+/M4(>)+/#N2+//P
! 6DV#=).)K'.)+/#N=4>>)/'#_/)M4(>).@P
! ;)K).',#E#-'/A#(4&4)M4(#N2+//0#5+.+P
!"#"$%"&'()'*++,!"#"$%"&'()'*++, !--.'/0&12304'5'678'-099!--.'/0&12304'5'678'-099
!"#"$%"&'()'*++,!"#"$%"&'()'*++, !--.'/0&12304'5'678'-099!--.'/0&12304'5'678'-099
;22*#2'&R4/A#7(+A%&.)+/;22*#2'&R4/A#7(+A%&.)+/##
" 9#>S)/L+:#&+3S'/@#<'>#-44/#&(4'.4A#-@#V59D
" *+,,'-+('.)+/#-4.H44/#?9$LE'-#H).<#V69#'/A#=7V#'(4#'.#######S(4>4/.#:+(#.'R)/K#&'(4#+:#.<4#;22*#(4',)^'.)+/
" =%,.)H)(4#'/A#3)&(+H'M4#7*2#N*+(4=+A%,40#D)E'0#*+/A).)+/)/K0#*'$P#'(4#(4',)^4A#)/#D('/&4#-@#'#>S4&)',)^4A#&+3S'/@
" =+>.#+:#.<4#2+'(A>#'(4#S+S%,'.4A#-@#'#&+3S'/@#)/#!4(3'/@
" =4&<'/)&',#S'(.>#'(4#3'A4#-@#'/#V.',)'/#&+3S'/@
" 9>>43-,@0#.4>.)/K#'/A#M',)A'.)+/#)/#=7V#'/A#?9$LE'-
" `M4/#>)/K,4#-+'(A>#'M'),'-,4#H).<+%.#'/@#:)(3H'(4#:+(#A)::4(4/.#'SS,)&'.)+/>#NS+,'()34.4(0#>S4&.(+34.4(0#&+((4,'.)+/0#4.&"P