Desi 122 - Spring 2013 - Week 12 PDF

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1

DESI122HumanFactors

Spring2013

Week12

Ac6vi6es&Spa6alRequirementsRela6onships&Spa6alDiagrams



22

• ThedesignTaskinvolvesconsidera6onsof

manyelements:

• Func6onalrequirements

• Loca6onofResources

• SymbolicConsidera6ons

• Materials&Construc6on

• Otherobjec6ves–i.e.sustainability

Activities & Spatial Requirements



33

• Func6onalRequirementsareoftwomain

components:

• TheSpacesrequired• TheRela6onshipbetweenSpaces

Func/onalRequirements



44

• TheSpacesrequiredarethecontainersthatenablesthe

aainmentoftheClient’sobjec6ves

• Todefinethespaces:

weneedtoanalyzetheclientobjec6vesandseehow

theyaretranslatedtothenecessaryac6vi6estoaainthem

• Objec6vesareaainedbyAc6vi6es

• Ac6vi6esarewhatlinkClientObjec6vestoDesign

TheSpacesrequired

Therequirementsare:

Spa6al Environmental

Servicing Equipment

Furniture

ThereshouldbeFITbetween

RequirementsandWhatthespacecan

provide.



55

Thedesignworkstartsfroma

statementoftheobjec6vesofa

facility

• Thedesigner’sroleistotranslatethis

statementtoaspaceprogram:

i.e.Iden6fyingthespacesthatfulfilltheseobjec6ves



• Iden6fytheACTIVITIESthatareneededtofulfilltheseobjec6ves.Whataretheac6vi6estobeperformedin

acertainspace?

• Iden6fytheREQUIREMENTS.Theneedforanyspace

shouldbedeterminedbytherequirementsof

ac6vi6es.Whatdoeseachac6vityrequirespa6ally?

herecomesanthropometrics;

WhendealingwithSpa6alRequirements,weshould

consideranthropometricsinthespacesinordertoinclude95%ofthepopula6on(usersofthespaces);

WhendesignersdesignforREACHtheyshould

accommodate/caterforthe5thpercen6le.

AndwhentheydesignforCLEARANCEtheyshould

accommodate/caterforthe95thPercen6le.

• Iden6fySHARING,whetherdifferentac6vi6escan

shareonespace

To achieve this:



77

Inordertoiden6fySHARING:

- Anassessmentismadeofthesimilari6es

betweentherequirementsofthevarious

ac6vi6es.

- Spacesaregenerallydefinedinresponsetothebiggestorgreaterrequirements.

- Ifaspacecanaccommodateamoredemanding

ac6vity,itcanthusaccommodatealess

demandingac6vity.

- Therequirementsofthemostdemandingac6vity

representthecharacteris6csofthespaceneeded

- Astatementabouttheresultantspacesthatcanaccommodateac6vi6esofcomparable

requirements



8

Therefore:Spacesinaprojectarethefinaldescrip6onofresourcesthatarecapableofaccommoda6ngarangeof ac6vi6esthatarenecessarytofulfilltheclientobjec6ves.

Inshorttherearetwobasicissues:

First:

• Definingthearearequiredforindividual

ac6vi6es

Second:

• Seewhethertherequirementsofagroupof

ac6vi6esarecomparabletoshareaspace



99

ClientObjec6ves

Ac6vi6esrelevanttotheaainmentofeach

objec6ve

Spa6alrequirementsofeachac6vity

Anassessmentofthesimilari6esamongac6vi6esintermsoftherequirements

Astatementabouttheresultantspacesthatcan

accommodateac6vi6esofacomparablerequirements

Thisisthespaceprogram

1

2

3

4

5



Week9MondayMar.1th.

200910

SportFacili/es:

PlayersSpaces:

PlayersRecep6onAreas

ChangeRooms

InstructorsSpace

SportsAreas

SpectatorsSpaces:

MainEntrance

Recep6on&Tickets

Cafeteria

Washrooms

SpectatorsSea6ng

ManagementSpaces:

Offices

Storage

washrooms

ServiceSpaces:

Storages

Buildingservices



Week9MondayMar.1th.

200912

NameofAc/vity1

Space

NameofAc/vity

2Space

NameofAc/vity

3Space

Spa/al

Requirements

Area

Required

Shapeof

SpaceRequired

Height

Levelswithin

Environmental

Requirements

Temperature

Natural/

Ar6ficialLight

Needfor

Ven6la6on

NoiseControl

Finishes

Servicing

Requirements

Water

Requirements

Special

Power

EquipmentRequired

(e.g.Audio/Visual)

FixedFurnitureRequired

MoveableFurniture

ForaSELECTEDSpace,Iden6fy:

-THREEACTIVITIESperformedinthespace

-TheREQUIREMENTSof EACHoftheseac6vi6es

HighlighttheRequirementsthatareMoreInclusiveoftheothertwoineachrow



Week9MondayMar.1th.

200913

Ques%on:

ListforASPACEintheSPORTCentre:

-TheAc6vi6esperformed

-TheAnthropometricMeasurementsrelevanttoeachac6vity

-Thesuggestedpercen6leforeachmeasurement

PresentyourANSWERinTABLE-Formatasindicatedbelow.

Ac/vi/es AnthropometricMeasurements Relevant

Percen/le

Ac6vity1: Measurement1:

Measurement2:

Measurement3:


Measurement2:

Measurement3:


Measurement2:

Measurement3:



15

ToarriveatIndividualSpaces

Ac/vi/es&RequirementsareAssessed

1. ChoosingtheAppropriatePercen/le2. AssessingSimilarityofRequirementsamong

Ac/vi/es

IndividualSpaces



1

Rela/onship

Among

Spaces

ToevaluatetheRela6onshipamongSpaceswe

employTHREEMethods:

Matrix

Bubble

Diagram

Zoning

Diagram

1.

2.

3.



17

ConsequencesoftheMatrix,BubbleDiagram

andZoningDiagramareviewedaccordingto:

Strength

Of

Rela/onships

Distribu/on

Of

Rela/onships

Correspondence

With

Area

CorrespondenceWith

Other

Characteris/cs



18

Characteris6csofaMatrix:Onlyindicatestherela6onshipamongallspaceswithoutindica6ngareasorconsideringanyotherdesignaspects.Onematrixisusedforaproject.

Thereare3generalpossibili6escanoccurinthematrix:

1.Whenallcellshavethesamesymbols/number,therela6onshipsbetweenallspacesarethesame–Uniform.

2.Whenthecellsareallempty,thereisnorela6onship

betweenthespaces.

3.Whensomecellshavestrongrela6onshipsamongothercellsthathaveweakerrela6onships,ahierarchyisgiventothespaceswithstrongrela6onships,i.e.groupingtheminclusters,consideringthemafocalpointinthedesign.

Matrix

1.

Howdoesanarchitectdesignerusethematrix?

• Lis/ngAlltheSpaces

• DefiningtheRela/onshipsamongthem

• StrengthofRela/onshiprelatesto:

FrequencyofTrips

NumberofPeopleInvolved

TypeofpeopleMoving



19

ThefollowingMatricesareexamplesfortheabovegeneralpossibili6es.Wehavetothinkaboutwhatthecellsindicateandtheresults(IF&Consequences)

Legend:

StrongRela6onship

WeakRela6onship

MediumRela6onship



2020

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 91

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

Spaces

S p a c e s



IF&Consequences:

IfAllspacesareLarge:

Consequences:

-Allthespacesareinvolvedinthestrongrela6onship

-Consistent

-Nohierarchypreference

-Differentac6vi6eswillnotSHAREonespace

IfAllSpacesareSmall:

Consequences:

-Allthespacesareinvolvedinthestrongrela6onship

-Consistent




2222

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 91

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

Spaces

S p a c e s

IF&Consequences:

IfAllspacesareLargeorsmall:Consequences:

-Allspacesareinvolvedinweakornorela6onships

-Consistent





2323

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 91

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

Spaces

S p a c e s

IF&Consequences:

IfAllspacesareLargeorsmall:Consequences:

-Allspacesareinvolvedinmediumstrengthrela6onships

-Consistent





2424

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 91

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

Spaces

S p a c e s



2525

IfAllspacesareLargerthantheONE:

Consequences:

-Themajorityofrela6onshipsareweak

-OnlySpaceONEisstronglyrelatedtoallotherspaces

- Differentac6vi6escannotshareSpaceONE

If AllSpacesareSmallerthantheONE:

Consequences:

-Themajorityofrela6onshipsareweak

-OnlySpaceONEisstronglyrelatedtoallotherspaces

- SpaceONEshouldcontainallotherspaceasthesizepermits.Differentac6vi6esofrestofspacesshareSpaceONE

- However,SpaceONEshouldbeplacedasthefocalpointorhierarchyspacewhereallotherspacescanrelatestronglytoit.



22

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9

1

2

3

45

6

7

8

9

Spaces

S p a c e s



2727

IftheTHREEspacesareLargerthantherest:

Consequences:

-Weakornorela6onshipbetweentheThreespaceandtherest

-TheThreespaceswillnotcontainthespaceswhichare

smallerthanthem

- Seriousconsidera6onofthespaceclustersinformula6ngthedesign

- Clusterscouldbefocalpointsindesign

IftheTHREEspacesareSmallerthantherest:

Consequences:

-AllotherspacescannotbecontainedintheThreespaces

anyway

- However,hierarchy/clustersofthethreespacesshoulddominatethearrangements



2828

IftheTHREEspacesSHAREotherCharacteris6cs:

Consequences:

-Threespacesshouldallbegroupedtogetherinonespaceor

clusterif“OtherCharacteris6cs”areveryimportant.

- Shouldallbelinkedwithamediumstrengthrela6onshipif

“OtherCharacteris6cs”areofsomeimportance.

IftheTHREEspacesDONOTSHAREotherCharacteris6cs:

Consequences:

-TheThreespaceswillnotbegroupedtogether.

- TheThreespaceswillnotbelinkedinanyway



30

Ascalefrom1to5canbeemployedtodemonstratestrength

ofspacerela6onshipsasshownhereunder.Thisisalsocalled

an:

AdjacencyStudy:Studyingtherela/onshipbetweenthespacesintermsofclosenessorfarness



31

Bubble

Diagram2.

Characteris6csofaBubbleDiagram:LiketheMatrixaBubbleDiagramshowsrela6onshipsamongspaces.Inaddi6on,most

BubbleDiagramindicatestheareaforeachspace(bigor

smallbubblesorrectangles).OnlyoneBubbleDiagramis

requiredforaproject.

ThefollowingareexamplesofBubbleDiagrams:

Thebubblediagramsbelowsymbolicallyindicatesthe

areasofspaces,inaddi6ontothestrengthoftheir

func6onalrela6onships(achievedthroughnumberof

linesamongthespaces;



32

WhendrawingBubble

Diagrams,weshouldkeep

inmindthatitshouldnotbe

toocomplexortoo

abstract.



33

Thenexttwo“BubbleDiagrams”userectangles/

squareswithexactareastoindicatestrengthof

rela6onships/adjacencies;



34



35

Zoning

Diagram3.

Characteris6csofazoningdiagram:

1. Indicatestherela6onshipamongallspacesandshowareas.

2. AbstractstheBubbleDiagram.

3. Considersotheraspectsofspaceoruserssuchasviews,access,naturalligh6ng,etc.

4. Resultsinbasictypology(basiclayouts).

5. Therecanbemanydifferentalterna6vebasiclayoutsofzoning,notonlyone.

Refertothefollowingillustra6onsshowinghowthe

BubbleDiagramhastransformedtoZoningDiagram

whichinturnhastransformedtoafunc6onalplan:



3

1-BubbleDiagram 2-Consideringposi6on&orienta6on

3-Transforma6ontoZoningDiagram 4-Transforma6ontoafunc6onalplan



37

TofindtheDesignProblemistogothroughtheprocessofexaminingthedifferenttypesofrela6onshipsamong

thespacesandthecharacteris6csofsuchspace.The

resultantDesignProblemiscalledProblemStatement

orProgrammingwhichwillbeexaminedlater.

Thecharacteris6csofthespaceandthecharacteris6csoftherela6onshipsamongthespacesshouldbe

combinedintoaBlockDiagram.

Theresultantofthesymboliccharacteris6csofthe

spacesisformorforms.

BlockDiagramsandFormsarethemaincomponents

requiredforaZoningDiagramwhichisthethresholdfor

solvingtheDesignProblemandarrivingtotheDesign

Solu6on(FinalDesign).

Thefollowingdiagramillustratesthis;



3838

Design

Problem

Design

Solu/on

Characteris/cs

Of

Spaces

Characteris/cs

Of

Rela/onships

Symbolic

Characteris/cs

Block

Diagram

Other

Forms

Final

Design



40

Calculate Areas for each space/ present an Area block Diagram.

ExampleofhowtomakeBlockAreaDiagram



41

• Programming

• Spaceplanning• PlanTypesTypology

Unit2:People&Buildings



42

Programming&spaceplanning

Programming:

Astatementofobjec6ves&requirementsfortheproject,some6mescalledaprojectbrieforproblemstatement

Theprogramlistofrequirementsinclude :

• thenumberofspacestobeprovided,

• therela6onshipbetweenthem,

• Anyspecificneedsforthesespaces;

Thisdependsonthenumberofusersinthespace&thetypeofac6vi6estobeaccommodated.



43

Programming

• Definetypeofac/vi/esrequiredin

theproject

• Definetypeofspaces

toaccommodatetheseac/vi/es

• Definetheareasof

thesespaces,by

studyinghowmanypersonsareusingthe

space&usingthe

standardstofigureit

out



44

CaseStudies



4

Themain

ac/vi/es:

Si`ng&wri/ng,

answeringthephone,

allrelatedtasks:

paperwork,typing

Filingwork

Movingaround/

Talkingtoavisitor

Worksta/onChair,desk,

typingspace

Filecabinets

Circula/onpaths

Visitorspace

Req.Spaces



47

1.BasicL-shapeworksta/onwithvisitorsea/ng



48

Basicworksta/onwithvisitorsea/ng



50

3.Worksta/onwithbacklateralfilestorage



51

Basicworksta/onwithcircula/onbehind



52

4.Basicworksta/onwithvisitorsea/ng&

circula/on



53

5.Basicworksta/onwithver/calstorageoverthe

workplane



54

5.Basicworksta/onwithver/calstorageoverthe

workplane



55

Arrangementsofworksta/on:

TypicalRowArrangement



5

Arrangementsof2L-shapeworksta/on:

formingatypicalU–shapedarrangement



57

Example:Finalofficeplan

U-shapedworksta/on



People&BuildingsRestaurantsDiningplaces

Ac/vi/es&Spa/alrequirements

Spa/aldiagrams&typologies



Basiccomponents

• Frontac/vi/es

• Backofhouse

ac/vi/es

Dining

Bar&lounge

Restrooms

Foodservicecounter

Kitchen

Storage

Staffarea



Prototypeofagenericrestaurant



TheArtofTableLayoutsinRestaurants

• ThefrontofthehouseexperienceShouldbepleasant

• Restaurantshavebecomesengsfor

life’sevents,forcelebra6ons• Ea6ng,themealisonlypartofthe

experience

• Allthesurroundingfactorshelpstoshapeit

• Sights,sounds&smellsaresome

aspects

• Themes&stylestransportpatronstoa

temporaryrealitywithspecialmoods



• Restaurantsmustbedesignedtobalance

theneedforsocialinterac6onwiththe

needtocontrolthatinterac6on

• Theneedtosee&tobeseenversusprivacy&in6macy

• Oneofthemostimportantaspectof

restaurantdesignisthesea/ng

arrangement

• Placementoftables&chairs,booths,

banquees,determineshowterritoryis

defined&personalspaceisregulated



Sea/ngchoicesforprivacy:

Peopleseateddirectlyacrossfromoneanotherattables

tendtoassumeamore

confronta6onalposture

Peopleseatedatrightangles

fromoneanothertendto

assumeamorecoopera6ve,

conversa6onalposturewhich

ismoreconduc6vetoprivacy

AccordingtoEdwardT.Hall/

Thehiddendimension



Barsea6ng&privacy

Alongstraightbarplacesguestsdirectlynexttoeachother,oen

withineachotherpersonalzone

butitdoesn’tencourage

interac6on

Barswithangles&curvesprovide

op6onsforvaryingdegreeofsocialinterac6on



Banqueesea6ng&privacy

Thestraight

banqueesea6ng

couldbemodified,

angledorcurvedto

establishpersonal

space&adegreeofprivacy



Typesoflayouts;Narrow&wide

LinearNarrowlayouts

Withparallelwalls

Linearlayouts

Withcentralrow



WiderlayoutsLinearlayoutswith

widercentralzones



Tables/clearancebetween45degree



Banqueesea6ng/Min.clearance



Boothsea6ng



InteriorSpace2:HealthClinic:

1.Recep6on 10sq.m.

2.Informa6onDesk 5sq.m.

3.Washrooms 7.5sq.m4.Examina6on1 10sq.m.

5.Examina6on2 10sq.m.

.Examina6on3 10sq.m.

7.Nurse 10sq.m.

8.StaffRestArea 15sq.m.

9.GeneralStorage 5sq.m.

10.Medicalstore 5sq.m.

InteriorSpace2:Bookshop:

1.Recep6on&Coffee 15sq.m.2.Informa6onDesk 5sq.m.

3.Washrooms 5sq.m.

4.InsuranceBroker1 10sq.m.

5.InsuranceBroker2 10sq.m.

.InsuranceBroker3 10sq.m.

7.Secretary 5sq.m.

Desi 122 - Spring 2013 - Week 12 PDF

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