Beter beleid maken met Gedragsinzichten · The brain is a comparison machine unable to make stable...

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Beter beleid maken met Gedragsinzichten Peter De Smedt DKB team Gedragsinzichten 2019-04-24

Transcript of Beter beleid maken met Gedragsinzichten · The brain is a comparison machine unable to make stable...

Page 1: Beter beleid maken met Gedragsinzichten · The brain is a comparison machine unable to make stable consistent judgements of even basis quantities such as ... Service. (2015) Inside

Beter beleid maken met GedragsinzichtenPeter De Smedt

DKB team Gedragsinzichten

2019-04-24

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Inleiding

Kunnen we overheidsbeleid effectiever maken?

▪ Beleid en dienstverlening gaan over mensen.

▪ Door te weten hoe mensen beslissingen nemen en hoe menselijk gedrag werkt ontstaan mogelijkheden om beleid effectiever te maken.

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Wat is er donkerder A of B ?

Hoe werkt ons brein

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Wat is er donkerder A of B ?

Hoe werkt ons brein

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Wat is er donkerder A of B ?

Hoe werkt ons brein

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The brain is a comparison machine unable to make stableconsistent judgements of even basis quantities such asbrightness, weight, ... let along features as probability orvalue.

Chater, N. (2018). The mind is flat: the illusion of mental depth and the improvised mind. Allen Lane Penguin Books, UK, 251 p.

We generate our ideas, motives andthoughts in the moment. This explainsmany of the quirks of humanbehaviour - for example why ourpersonal preferences are routinelyproven to be inconsistent andchangeable.

Hoe werkt ons brein

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Inleiding

Kunnen we overheidsbeleid effectiever maken?

▪ Beleid en dienstverlening gaan over mensen.

▪ Door te weten hoe menselijk gedrag werkt ontstaan mogelijkheden om beleid effectiever te maken.

▪ “Most policies, even thoughtful, human-centered designed, are guided by our intuitions about what might work and influenced by our assumptions about how humans will decide and act.” (Robertson et al., 2017)

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automatisch beredeneerd

Behavioral economics

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automatisch beredeneerd

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automatisch beredeneerd

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automatisch beredeneerd

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automatisch beredeneerd

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Kahneman, D. (2011) Thinking, Fast and Slow, Farrar, Straus and Giroux

Behavioral economics

De mens is niet (altijd)

een rationele beslisser.

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Kahneman received the Nobel Memorial Prize in Economics, despite being a research psychologist, for his work in prospect theory. Kahneman states he has never taken a single economics course – that everything that he knows of the subject he and Tversky learned from their collaborators such as Richard Thaler.

2002Daniel KahnemanNobel Prize for Economy

o Kahneman, D., Slovic, P., & Tversky, A. (1982) Judgment Under Uncertainty: Heuristics and Biases. New York: Cambridge University Press

o Kahneman, D. (2011) Thinking, Fast and Slow, Farrar, Straus and Giroux

Behavioral economics

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Een diversiteit aan nieuwe wetenschappelijke inzichten heeft geleid tot beter begrip van diverse invloeden op besluitvorming en menselijk gedrag.

2015Mind, Behavior and Society

World Bank Group (2015) Mind, Behavior and Society, 237 p.

Behavioral economics

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“His contributions have built a bridge between the economic and psychological analyses of individual decision making. His empirical findings and theoretical insights have been instrumental in creating the new and rapidly expanding field of behavioral economics.”

2017Richard ThalerNobel Prize for Economy

o Thaler, R. & C. Sunstein (2009) Nudge: Improving Decisions About Health, Wealth, and Happiness. New York: Penguin.

o Thaler, R. (2015). Misbehaving: The Making of Behavioral Economics. New York: W. W. Norton & Company.

Behavioral economics

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Behavioral economics

Nudge: een duwtje in de goede richtinggeven, zonder vrijheden in te perken.

Hoe kunnen sms-berichten mensen ertoe aanzetten om naar een dokter te gaan?

Hoe kunnen we chaos onder fietsers bij druk kruispunt beperken?

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Inleiding en uitdaging

Kunnen we overheidsbeleid effectiever maken?

▪ Beleid en dienstverlening gaan over mensen.

▪ Door te weten hoe menselijk gedrag werkt ontstaan mogelijkheden om beleid effectiever te maken.

▪ Via een systematische analyse van hoe mensen denken en handelen dat is onderbouwd door onderzoek en getest door experimenten.

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Inleiding en uitdaging

Gedragsinzichten en beleid

Tools in a box?

Overzicht

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Gedragsinzichten en beleid

Halpern, D. & O. Service. (2015) Inside the Nudge Unit - How Small Changes Can Make a Big Difference, WH Allen, 394 p.

2010

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Gedragsinzichten en beleid

Make it easy• Use the power of defaults

• Reduce the barriers to taking up a service

• Simplify messages

Make it attractive• Attract attention

• Design rewards and sanctions for maximum effect

• Personalise

Make it social• Show that most people perform the desired behaviour

• Use the right messenger

• Ask people to give something in return

Make it timely• Prompt people when they are likely to pay attention

• Consider the immediate costs and benefits

• Help people plan their response to events

E

A

S

T

BIT UK (2014) EAST, four simple ways to apply behavioural insights.Behavioural Insights Team 53 p.

2014

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2017https://overheid.vlaanderen.be/gedragsinzichten

▪ Wij geloven dat burgers een effectief en coherent beleid verdienen, juridische en financiële initiatieven alleen zullen dat niet doen

▪ Actief stimuleren van innovatie in besluitvorming (cf. new value proposition)

Nieuw team binnen Departement Kanselarij en Bestuur

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2018

Systematische analyse van hoe mensen denken en handelen dat is onderbouwd door onderzoek en getest door experimenten

Zie ook: Beter beleid maken met gedragsinzichten, een nieuw team bij de Vlaamse overheid (VTOM jrg. 2018, nr. 4)

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Make it easy

With one search/click, people find a dedicated webpage including links to a framework contract (cf. reduce hassle factor)

We apply different tools to facilitate the use of BI (cf. reduce friction cost)

In a video message, we introduce our self, explain what support we offer and how people can contact us (cf. simple messages)

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Make it attractive

We use short video’s providing testimonials how BI have been useful in daily policy making work (cf. salience)

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Make it social

We invite people to be part of a community of practice including networking, knowledge sharing and project testimonials

We organise small group sessions to experience the positive vibe of working together(serious game approach)

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Make it timely

Policy makers often indicate that they do not have the time (esp. middle management) or they reach out to us too late in the process (cf. most of work being done)

Policy making is a fuzzy process, we need to better understand when people are likely to be most receptive (cf. commitment contracts?)

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Inleiding en uitdaging

Gedragsinzichten en beleid

Tools in a box?

Overzicht

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Tools in a box?

▪ Gedragsinzichten zijn een lens om naar beleid en maatschappij te kijken

▪ Nood aan maatwerk (hybrid methodology)

▪ Outside-the-box in plaats van een toolboxbenadering

▪ EAST kan organisaties ook inspireren om werking/dienstverlening te verbeteren

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Tools in a box?

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Tools in a box?

Sunstein, C.R. (2013) Simpler: The Future of Government. New York: Simon & Schuster

Sunstein, C.R. (2014) Why Nudge?: The Politics of Libertarian Paternalism. Yale University Press.

Ethical dimension

Transparency and accountability: using the best available knowledge and testing with scientific rigor

Simpler government can be found in new initiatives that save money and time, improve health, and lengthen lives. Examples in improved labeling of food and energy-efficient appliances.

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Dank voor de aandacht

Vragen?

[email protected]