Apeldoorn - Public Spaces & Public Life

Apeldoorn 2009Public Spaces and Public Life

A city centre that invites people to visit, stay and interact

A liveable and viable city centre

A city centre that capitalises on its wonderful amenities

An even better city for walking

A city centre with a 21st century traffic system

Public Spaces Public Life Apeldoorn 20092

Client:City of Apeldoorn

Stadhuis, Marktplein 1

Postbus 9033

7300 ES Apeldoorn

Nederlands

Project team:

Lucienne Berenschot, adviseur strategie , [email protected]

Jos van Nuenen, team leader, [email protected]

Gerrit van Oosterom, landscape architect, [email protected]

Consultant:

Gehl Architects - Urban Quality Consultants

Project Manager:

Henriette Vamberg, Architect MAA, [email protected]

Project Coordinator:

Sia Kirknæs, Architect MAA, [email protected]

Project Team:

Katherine Wimble, stud. arch.

Sebastian Pauly, stud. arch.

CREDITS

The following people from the City of Apeldoorn have participated in collecting data for the

public life survey:

Han Goudswaard

Dordi de Groot

Karsten Orth

Gerrit van Oosterom

Data materials was supplied from department of:

Mobiliteit

Ruimtelijke Informatie

Ruimte Economie en Wonen

Uit buro / VVV

Cultuurhistorie

Milieu

Public Spaces Public Life Apeldoorn 2009 3

Foreword

It is a great pleasure for me to be able to present the report ‘Public Spaces and Public Life in

Apeldoorn’.

The inner city of Apeldoorn has to improve! This is the statement which the council made by

the evaluation of it’s own strategic mission in 2008. I wholeheartedly underline this notion.

A beautiful and vibrant city heart is of great significance for the identity and the image of

our city. To remain attractive for the young for example. But also for other generations,

commercial enterprises and visiting tourists.

There are two interwoven tracks by which we will accomplish these goals. One of them is the

recently developed ‘regieplan’ in which the guidelines are laid out for a more multifunctional

development of the inner city. More shops, leisure, housing and social and cultural

commodities must insure that the inner city is a place well worth visiting. During the day and

also during the evening.

The development of our public space forms another key issue for the next years. Public space

determines the atmosphere of the inner city. An inviting and well furbished public space

invites people to linger. In this way public space is able to function as the accelerator of the

desired development as mentioned in the 'regieplan'. If you can invite people to stay other

new developments will evolve more quickly and in a better way.

Gehl Architectcs specialises in this interplay between public life and public space. Together

with us they have analysed our inner city and gave us lots of recommendations as a basis for

a strategic development of our public space. Many of these recommendations are already

implemented in the 'regieplan'. This report gives you an overview of both the underlying

analysis as well as the final recommendations.

The report praises the many qualities of our inner city and points to the many potentials of

our city centre. At the same times it criticises the limited ways in we make use of these

potentials. There is no lack of visitors in our inner city is one of the remarkable conclusions.

Hoofdstraat being the main artery almost suffers a heart attack of the amount of visitors while

other parts of the inner city are almost deserted. The main focus

Fokko Spoelstra

Project Elderman innercity

the 7th of May 2010

in the Gehl Advice is in that sense to ‘stretch’ the public life in stead of only intensify it in

the core. The report gives lots of recommendations on how to reach this goal. May of these

are challenging ambitious on the one hand but startlingly simple on the other. To give some

examples: more green which is so typical for Apeldoorn, provide seating at sunny spots and

along the Grift, no blind facades in the pedestrian area, a more balanced and strategically

planned event policy. All ways to seduce people to linger and be seduced to broaden their

activities.

This report is a source of inspiration that supports the development goals as pointed out in

the 'regieplan'. We will work from here. Practical and pragmatic but for all ambitious. We

cannot stop half ways or just do ‘something’. We realise that this is not the easy way in these

economic uncertain times. But with creativity, an unorthodox approach when needed and

above all with other companions I’m sure that already in the next years we will be able to

produce the first glances of the Apeldoorn inner city we all dream of.


ContentCredits ............................................................................................2

Foreword ........................................................................................3

Content...........................................................................................5

Introduction

Executive summary .......................................................................6

Study area .................................................................................... 12

City scale comparison ..................................................................13

Analysis

Overview of analysis ....................................................................15

A city with wonderful amenities

Potentials and challenges ............................................................16

Main areas for residents ..............................................................18

Where residents live ....................................................................19

Important historical sites and heritage ........................................20

Building heights ...........................................................................21

Green trees and green spaces ....................................................22

Landmarks and special features ..................................................23

A good city for walking


Walking routes and destinations .................................................26

Passages ......................................................................................27

Pedestrian oriented areas ............................................................28

Street sections .............................................................................29

Pedestrian traffic..........................................................................30

Pedestrian traffic in Hoofdstraat .................................................31

Pedestrian traffic, comparison between mainstreets ................32

Pavemant quality..........................................................................33

Waiting time at crossings ............................................................34

Footpath interruptions .................................................................35

A monofunctional city


Functions in the city centre .........................................................40

Evening activities between 21.00 - 23.00 ................................... 41

Events ..........................................................................................42

Eventspace: Marktplein ...............................................................43

Public places for children .............................................................44

Students in the city centre...........................................................45

Age and gender - Hoofdstraat .....................................................46

Age and gender - Marktstraat ......................................................48

A city with public spaces of low quality


Stationary activity counts ............................................................52

Stationary activity counts vs pedestrian traffic in Hoofdstraat ...53

Stationary activity ........................................................................54

Comparison between city centres ..............................................55

Comparison between mainstreets, Saturday .............................56

Comparison between parks ........................................................57

Public benches and pedestrian routes ........................................58

Outdoor serving areas .................................................................60

Privatised public space ................................................................62

Lack of landmark buildings ..........................................................63

Microclimate: sun ........................................................................64

Microclimate: wind ......................................................................65

Quality of ground floor frontages ................................................66

People first, cars second


Through traffic .............................................................................70

Traffic noise ..................................................................................72

Percieved noise ............................................................................73

Parking .........................................................................................74

Parking and traffic volumes .........................................................75

Dedicated bicycle tracks & main cycling routes ..........................76

Cycling ..........................................................................................77

Bicycle parking facilities and main cycling routes .......................78

Unorganised bicycle parking ........................................................79

Public transport ............................................................................80

Recommendations

Overview of recommendations ...................................................83

Ensure a city centre that capitalises on its wonderful

amenities

Respect and cherish the heritage buildings ................................86

Maintain a human scale city ........................................................86

Develop strong links between the city centre and the surrounding

landscapes ...................................................................................87

Create a green ring around the inner city ....................................87

Develop a network of green boulevards .....................................88

Celebrate the parks ......................................................................88

'Greening the desert' ...................................................................88

Integrate the Kanaal with the city ................................................90

Celebrate the streams .................................................................92

'Irrigating the desert' ...................................................................92

Ensure an even better city for walking

Expand the city heart ...................................................................96

Celebrate the passages ...............................................................98

Ensure a city centre that is liveable and viable

Work towards a multifunctional city centre ..............................102

Create a diverse and lively city centre .......................................102

Invite all user groups ..................................................................102

Ensure an upgraded public space network

Strengthen the public space network .......................................108

Develop versatile public spaces ................................................108

Improve the visual quality .......................................................... 112

Ensure a city centre with a 21st century traffic system

Avoid through traffic in the city centre ...................................... 116

Reduce the amount of parking in the city centre ...................... 116

Provide a well integrated public transport ................................. 117

Create an even better city for cycling ........................................ 117


1 2A city with wonderful amenities

Apeldoorn is a fortunate city of a human scale. The general

heights of the buildings are between 3-5 storeys and the

city centre is rather densely built. This provides excellent

conditions for enjoying the climate, in terms of sun and

little wind at street level. The homogenous building

mass also dictates some rather simple messages to new

buildings, regarding heights and massing, that can be easily

understood.

Apeldoorn enjoys a wonderful natural setting unlike the

majority of the Dutch cities. In very close proximity of the

city centre are vast nature reserves as the river Ijssel and the

nationalpark De Hoge Veluwe.

The Kanaal and the streams running underneath the city

centre are other valuable elements that add character and

value to the city centre.

In respect of the wonderful natural assets Apeldoorn could

do much more to capitalize on these elements in order to add

character and identity to the city centre. As such Apeldoorn

is at street level not experienced as a specific green or blue

city.

In terms of residents and students, Apeldoorn has a

substantial amount of people living in the city centre. Student

numbers are low, with ROC as the most valuable addition.

A good city for walking

The city centre has through the years been traffic calmed

and consists of a pedestrianised main street, Hoofdstraat,

and a series of minor side streets which are also

pedestrianised. In supplement are a number of streets with

reduced traffic, Hofstraat, Stationsstraat, Nieuwstraat.

In the majority of the city centre there is a high pedestrian

priority e.g. concerning waiting times at crossings,

possibilities for crossing streets safely, signage etc.

The pedestrian traffic counts were very high during summer

Saturdays, where approx. 35.000 pedestrians walked

along Hoofdstraat between 8am and 12am. The difference

between weekdays and Saturdays is distinct with a 130%

difference from weekdays to Saturdays.

Compared with similar cities, e.g. Odense Denmark, the

pedestrian numbers in Apeldoorn are very impressive. The

level of pedestrian traffic is 81% higher than the equivalent

in Odense.

Despite the high levels of pedestrian traffic there is an

insufficient pedestrian circulation in the city centre. The

majority of all pedestrians walk on Hoofdstraat, while the

surrounding city is more or less desolate. There appears to

be an inadequate invitation for people to look up other offers.

The remaining parts of the city do as such not benefit from

the many people visiting.

When comparing this pattern with Odense it is evident

that Odense enjoys a quite different situation where the

pedestrians cover a larger area and thus puts more central

streets and squares into play.

Executive summary - Analysis


Introduction

3


4A city with public spaces of low quality

The stationary counts that were done in Apeldoorn during

summer 2009 points to an extremely low level of stationary

activities being made. The stationary counts register the

people, who choose to spend time in the city for shorter or

longer periods. The stationary counts are closely interlinked

with the quality of the individual public spaces. A public

space which is well situated in terms of sun, is equipped

with comfortable benches, has easy access to the pedestrian

network, enjoys fine views and a high quality paving and

furniture is generally well functioning and is visited by a

number of people throughout the day, who choose to spend

time and enjoy the city and the specific space. A public

space which does not work for one reason or another does

not attract a similar number of visitors.

When comparing the very high numbers on pedestrian traffic

with the extremely low numbers on stationary activities it is

obvious that there is an alarming misconception between the

number of people who actually visit the city and the number

of people, who find the quality of its public spaces so good,

that they choose to spend time there.

The public spaces of Apeldoorn have been studied in greater

detail and a number of conditions point in the direction of

a general quite low quality in the public spaces. E.g. the

main street, Hoofdstraat, is poorly equipped with a low

quality tarmac paving and a worndown, bulky suite of street

furniture. This important street ought to get a very special

treatment that is able to underline the special character and

significance of Hoofdstraat. A number of other public spaces


Apeldoorn is primarily a city where people visit to do their

shopping. This makes the city centre quite monofunctional

and creates a situation where the city close with its shops.

The majority of all visitors leave between half an hour

before the shops close and half an hour after. This results

in a massive pressure on the public transport as well as the

road network, and it results in a deserted city centre in the

evening, where only very few activities take place in confined

areas, e.g. Caterplein.

Events are not a common thing in Apeldoorn where only

very few events take place in the city centre in a very small

selection of public spaces. The majority of all events are the

markets in Marktplein. These markets take place 3 times

during the week in different shapes. Although the markets

are a positive thing they are also part of the problem of

Marktplein which is during the remaining 4 days of the week

a vast deserted public space with no /few functions. As such

Marktplein is a city square with strong restrictions in terms

of use and not the obvious place for festivals or important

city events.

The age and gender surveys point towards a lack of elderly

and children in the city centre during summer days. These

groups are generally uninterested in shopping and if the city

has only few other things to offer, these groups tend to stay

away. Another issue is the lack of space along Hoofdstraat

and the general lack of resting facilities.

Although there is an existing policy dictating a maximum

distance to playgrounds there is a general low quality in the

facilities offered for children in the city centre. Playgrounds

are quite small and facilities of either worndown quality or of

a formal format not inviting for play. As such the majority of

playgrounds appear deserted most of the time.


Introduction


of what goes on in the ground floor and what goes on further

up in the building.

Active ground floor frontages are an essential part of the

contact between what goes on indoors and what goes on

outdoors. Active frontages are as such part of making streets

and squares appear inviting and tempting. Blank, defensive

frontages create a perception of unsafety in the evening and

send a signal that this is not a place worth walking through.

In Apeldoorn there are no big problems with inactive

frontages in the inner city centre around the shopping

streets. The problem is found though in connection to the

station, which is quite unfortunate as a number of people are

compelled to walk here, also in the evening

4also await improvement, e.g. Nieuwstraat, Caterplein,

Kanaalstraat and Brinkpark.

To be just it needs to be stressed that the later years work

of upgrading a couple of selected public spaces, in particular

Stationsplein and Hofstraat, has been quite successful and

has given Apeldoorn a breath of fresh air and a positive

boost.

Other conditions that have an impact on public space quality

is the general lack of benches, especially in the areas where

the most pedestrians are. This problem excludes in particular

the elderly and families with children and it gives an image

of a city environment, where you need to keep on moving.

Another important focus point in this relation is the climate

and the prospects of being able to enjoy the sun and the

positive aspects of the climate, which are so important in the

Northern European countries.

When comparing the number of stationary activities

in Apeldoorn with the equivalent in Odense, there is a

significant difference in levels. Although Odense has far

lower numbers on pedestrian traffic, 81% lower than

Apeldoorn on a summer Saturday, it still enjoys almost three

times more stationary activities than Apeldoorn.

Apeldoorn, with a number of other Dutch cities, suffers from

severe problems with commercial elements that in certain

cases overtake the general impression of the city. Oversized

signs, awnings, parasols, sandwich boards etc. are just

some of the elements that cause detriment to the general

impression of visual quality. Another problem is the ruthless

renovation of older buildings, which create a misconception

continued



Apeldoorn enjoys a traffic calmed city centre with a number

of pedestrianised streets. However very close by are some

major routes carrying 15-20.000 cars every day, causing

noise issues and issues concerning maintaining streets as

city streets with high priority for pedestrians and cyclists.

As such some intersections and streets, e.g. Willem

Alexanderlaan and the intersection by Grote Kerk, appear

to be out of scale with a city centre situation. These are

complicated traffic solutions in need of some kind of

simplification and an acceptance that the service levels

for vehicular traffic needs to be lowered a bit to cater for

a growing cycling and walking population as well as an

effective public transport system.

Another difficult issue in Apeldoorn is the extreme high level

of parking in the city centre. For a city the size of Apeldoorn

there is a quite extravagant supply of parking and an

aspiration that parking can never come close enough to the

city core. It is believed that no parking equals no shops.

The modal split in Apeldoorn is an impressive result of years

of focused work to create a highly developed cycling system

and a cycling culture. As such 50% of everybody coming to

the city come on their bike. This is a high figure and it is one

that needs careful work to be maintained at that level. The

bicycle network is quite large and routes are well integrated.

The facilities, in terms of cycle paths, lights etc., are also of a

high standard and there is a general high priority for cyclists

in the traffic system.

Regarding bicycle parking much has been done to build

common facilities that either put bicycles underground or

inside buildings. These initiatives are remarkable and take

a high number of parked bicycles of the streets. There are

though still issues concerning illegally parked bicycles that

need to be dealt with. The most apparent problems are at

Radhuisplein and at some of the minor side streets leading to

Hoofdstraat.

The public transport system is quite reliable and fine grained,

though a higher level of information could be called for in

terms of waiting time until the next bus etc.


canoe clubs, a city beach etc.

Other “blue” issues deal with the streams that could be

highlighted, not necessarily by being dug up, but also through

art projects or storytelling.

1

2

layout in the city centre and a number of them represent

interesting shortcuts to the hinterland or to hidden spots

inside blocks. As such selected passages need to be

highlighted and freed up from unnecessary elements. Part

of a citywide art strategy could be to highlight these informal

connections in interesting and surprising ways.

3Ensure a city centre that is liveable and viable

The current monofunctional city centre needs to be

approached and a program on how to introduce a more

multifunctional use of the centre should be developed. This

includes a careful programming of the more multifunctional

use of the various spaces as well as a recognition of festivals

and events as important parts of city life. These should be

carefully programmed and staged.

Today certain user groups are very low represented in

Apeldoorns city centre. These are the elderly and the

children. More focused work needs to be installed to invite

these groups and to offer them functions and activities

they find worthwhile, as well as offering them a pedestrian

environment that they can appreciate.

Facilities for children need to be upgraded and in certain

cases enlarged. The current policy of maximum distances


The heart of the city needs to be expanded in order to

provide better condtions for the people visiting Apeldoorn,

to provide more diverse experiences and activities and

to enable more streets and squares to get into play. An

expansion of the city heart will give better conditions

for people to rest and enjoy Apeldoorn as well as better

conditions for a continued growth and a more viable city

centre.

Focus points in this connection is Marktstraat, which has

already been pointed out by the city, but also Nieuwstraat

could have a more prominent position in the pedestrian

network, not necessarily by being pedestrianised but by

having a high pedestrian priority, where pedestrians are not

confined to narrow footpaths.

The minor passages are an intriguing element of the street

Ensure a city centre that capitalises

on its wonderful amenities

The general height level of the city centre should be kept at

the current 3-5 storeys to allow for the best possible micro-

climatic conditions at street level. The existing heritage

buildings that are of high quality need to be treasured and

kept.

Apeldoorn enjoys a wonderful natural setting unlike the

majority of the Dutch cities. In very close proximity of the

city centre are vast nature reserves as the Ijssel and the

Veluwe. This should be readable in the city, where routes to

these areas could be highlighted and a nature centre could be

established to inform about the nature parks.

To strengthen the city profile of being a green city and

to strengthen what is the city centre and what is its

surroundings it is proposed to establish a green connected

ring of street trees around the city centre in bordering streets

or connections.

A network of green boulevards from the city centre to the

surroundings is recommended as effective walking and

cycling corridors to the city centre, but also as part of a

identity program aiming at strengthening Apeldoorn’s green

profile.

The Kanaal needs to be integrated better with the city centre

and as such Kanaalstraat is the most important link straight

into the heart of the city. This street needs upgrading as well

as the promenade along the waters edge. It is recommended

to carefully program the spaces along the Kanaal to enable

a multitude of activities to take place. Further work needs

to be done to activate this area as water /boating festivals,

Executive summary - Recommendations

Introduction


City scale comparisons

Introduction

4Ensure more invitations for enjoying the city

A clear network of public spaces interlocked with the

pedestrian network should be developed to indicate where

the most important spaces are and where potential retreats

can be developed. Through this work a distinct difference

between the public spaces can be developed to avoid that

not all spaces fulfil the same purpose but that some spaces

are for parties, some for outdoor eating, some for sports,

some for children and others have a bit of everything. A city

with a number of versatile public spaces is able to attract

diverse groups of visitors who make use of larger parts of the

city centre without over-populating a few central squares.

This work should aim at inviting todays rare visitors as well

as secure that the many people who actually visit Apeldoorn

are also given options for spending some time in its public

spaces.

The general quality level of public spaces in Apeldoorn need

to be raised and spaces should be upgraded and be given

a distinct design profile. A higher quality level should be


The current thoroughfares straight through the centre along

Kalverstraat, Molenstraat and Stationsstraat need to be cut

and that traffic moved to the outer ring road.

Parking is an essential issue in Apeldoorn and more needs

to be done in order to study how the current parking

facilities are used /underused and how they can be run more

effectively and coordinated citywide. There ought to be an

installed in especially Hoofdstraat.

A general toolbox of elements, e.g. benches, lamp posts,

bins etc., to be used in the centre can be developed that

can ensure continuity and high quality in the majority of

public space. This would create a sense of cohesion. Certain

squares can still be special and have their own character, as

e.g. Stationsplein.

More thought should be given as to where benches are

installed and the general number needs to be increased to

invite people to spend more time.

By programming the public spaces more carefully there

should be an extension of opening hours for certain shops

as well as an addition of new functions and more functions

in new areas, e.g. by the Kanaal, that can attract evening

visitors.

immediate ban for building anymore parking structures as

new structures will only attract more traffic to the city centre

and flood the city with even more underused parking. The

present hunt for the most central parking spot need to end

as well as the constant motion of bringing more parking to

the city centre. The thinking needs to be reversed so that

the heart of the city, the city core, is expanded from its

very concentrated Hoofdstraat and surroundings, to also

include other streets, as e.g. Nieuwstraat, Marktstraat,

Stationsstraat and others. As such the heart of the city will

start growing offering more opportunities for a more diverse

city centre and better options for linking with the present

parking structures. It should be felt clearly that once you

have parked your car, you are in the city. There is no need to

walk through no man’s land to get there.

Regarding public transport the information level regarding

waiting times for buses as well as a simple explanation of the

route network could encourage more people to make use of

public transport. Other ideas to lure people into riding public

transport could be to offer a free ticket every Saturday, which

would have a positive effect on the Saturday pressure from

vehicular traffic, including the central parking.

Apeldoorn is strong on cycling. This focus needs to be

maintained and developed to avoid a decline in the cycling

population. More needs to be done in order to spoil

cyclists and invite them to make use of the existing and the

expanded cycle network. Technological advices informing

about routes, weather forecasts etc. could be general ideas.

to playgrounds need to be supplemented or changed into a

strategy that focuses at quality instead of quantity. As such it

would be recommendable with fewer playgrounds of better

quality.


0 100 200 300 400 500

Study area

Introduction

parks

study of context

primary study area Definition of the study area

• Small study area = focus area

• Larger study area = Setting the study area into a broader

context

500 m: 6 min. 1 km: 12 min

The illustration pinpoints how easily accessible

destinations are by foot within Apeldoorn. The illustration

shows that just 10 minutes of walking can bring you to

central locations and as such walking is a realistic mode

of transportation.


Studies of other cities are used for comparison and act as the

frame of reference in this study. By comparing Apeldoorn's

city centre with other city centres we can get an idea of size,

distances and urban grain and insight into the public life in

relation to other cities of comparable size.

Most city centres have a size of approximately 1 km2 as

one kilometer is considred a reasonable walking distance

City scale comparisons

Introduction

OdenseStudy area: 870.000 m2

Population: 186.700

Age distribution, Odense:

0-14: 7%

15-64: 91%

65+ :2%

ApeldoornStudy area: 1.200.000 m2

Population 155.300

Age distribution, Apeldoorn:

0-17: 9 %

18-39: 37 %

40-64: 34 %

64 +: 20 %

RotterdamStudy area: 1.150.000 m2

Population: 595,000

Age distribution, The Netherlands:

0-14: 17.4%

15-64: 67.7%

65 years: 14.9%

when using the city facilities. Here are shown different cities

- Odense and Rotterdam - which are used for comparisons

and best practice examples. Rotterdam is a 'new' city

comparable with Apeldoorn in type of public space. Odense

is a medieval city comparable with Apeldoorn in scale and

architecture.

All maps on this page are shown in 1:20.000


Analysis


1A city with wonderful amenities 2A good city for walking

4A city with public spaces of low quality People first, cars second

€

3A monofunctional city

Overview of analysis

Analysis


1A city with wonderful amenities

Potentials

• Fantastic natural setting (National park, the

Kanaal, Oranjepark)

• Proximity of National park.

• Garden city.

• Compact walkable city centre.

• Network of carfree streets and squares.

• Human-scaled, low, dense built form.

• High number of residents in the city centre.


Challenges

• Make stronger connections to amenities (National

park, the Kanaal, Oranjepark)

• Make better physical and psychological links

between the city and surrounding natural areas

(National park, the Kanaal, Oranjepark)

• Celebrate the green profile.


Main residential areas

Residents in small study area 1.920Residents in large study area 6.460

Residents in study area 7.400

Apeldoorn

study area: 6.460

6.460

city: 155.300study area: 7.400

7.400

city: 186.700

Odense

Parks

Main residential areas

Small study area

• Small study area: Focus area.

• Larger study area:Setting the study area into a broader

context.

• Having residents in the city centre means that people

live in and care about the city. Residents contribute to

the vitality day and night, going about their daily tasks.

Particularly in the evening residents, even if relatively few

in numbers, create an image of a city lived in and looked

after.

Comparison:

Main areas for residents

Odense

0 100 200 300 400 500

Analysis A city with wonderful amenities


A city with wonderful amenities Analysis

0 100 200 300 400 500

Where residents live

Living in the inner city

• High number of residents in the inner city area

• 30% of the city centre residents (1.900) live in the

study area

• Creates a positive effect on the feeling of safety

• Positive effect on residents' feeling of "ownership" of the

city centre

• Larger areas outside the inner core made out of ground

floor residences, which don’t have an activiating effect

on the streetscape (the Kanaal, Oranjepark, the station

precinct)

Housing on secondary floor

Housing on ground floor

Comparison:

Rotterdam Where residents live in the inner city.

Odense


0 100 200 300 400 500

• Heritage buildings are concentrated in the northern part of

the city centre.

Important historical sites and heritage

Important historical sites and structuressource: analysis team 2009

Apeldoorn Kanaal and its surroundings

Grift (former stream, redeveloped parts)

Grift (parts to be redeveloped in the future)

Historical ‘long lines’: historical routes

Historical squares and parks

Parkenbuurt (listed area)

Apeldoornse ‘huuskes (historical living quarter)

Talens en Nettenfabriek (historical industrial quarter)

Heritage buildingssource: Cultuurhistorische analyse binnenstad / viewer 2009

Listed buildings (monuments): local and national monuments

Historically interesting buildings (not listed)

Listed heritage area (Parkenbuurt)








































Example:

















0 100 200 300 400 500

Building heightssource: analysis ruimtelijk plan 2009

1-2 storeys

3-4 storeys

5-6 storeys

6 + storeys (’Apeldoorn high rise’)

Example:

• A human scale city.

• Low buildings providing excellent conditions for a good

microclimate.

• Very few high rise buildings.

Buildings heights


0 100 200 300 400 500

• A fragmented green network.

• The city has a green identity by the gardens of ‘Paleis Het

Loo’ and the National Park which is not visible in the city

centre.

Example:

Green trees and green spaces

Street trees and green spacessource: observations / data 2009

Solitary trees (or small group)

Rows of trees

Green parks

Scots pines on Stationsplein refer to the landscape of the

Veluwe.




church tower Loolaan

fountain and musictentOranjepark

folley Beekpark

floating roof firedepartment building

cityterrace Van Kinsbergentownhall

old townhall

tower Townhall

folley Deventerstraat brigde

residential tower ‘het potlood’ (’the pencil’)

freule pedestrian bridge

statue of deer and hunter

entrance Oranjerie

Kostersbridge Grift

Highrise buiding Kadaster

Homeless shelter

Stationsquarestatue ‘the kiss’

historic bridge Apeldoorn Kanaal Landmarks and iconssource: analysis projectteam 2009

City landmark- visible from far- helpfull in orienation and giving directions (’it is there’)- large in scale

Local icon- percieved only nearby- helpfull in recognizing places (’we are here’)- smal(ler) in scale)- strong architectonic identity

Raadhuisplein

chalet buildings Caterplein



folley Beekpark



old townhall

tower Townhall





entrance Oranjerie

Kostersbridge Grift


Homeless shelter





Raadhuisplein




folley Beekpark



old townhall

tower Townhall





entrance Oranjerie

Kostersbridge Grift


Homeless shelter





Raadhuisplein




folley Beekpark



old townhall

tower Townhall





entrance Oranjerie

Kostersbridge Grift


Homeless shelter





Raadhuisplein


Special features in public space source: observations july 2009

Contemporary art (sculptures)

Monuments (statues, memorials etc.)

Special build features (historic bridge, skatebowl, canal deck)

Waterelements (Grift, fountains, watertable)

Seasonal greenery and flowerbeds













• Lack of special features along Hoofdstraat.

• Various landmarks spread across the city.

• Marking of entry points to the city centre.

Landmarks and special features


2A good city for walking

Potentials• Compact city with a high level of pedestrian traffic.

• Short distances to key destinations.

• Low city with a human scale with pedestrian

priority.

• Good climatic conditions for walking.

• A fine-grained network of pedestrian streets &

squares.

• High pedestrian priority.

• No waiting time at crossings.

• No footpath interruptions.

• Public transport well connected to the pedestrian

network.


Challenges

• Stretch the city core by a strengthen pedestrian

environment in areas outside shopping streets.

• Provide public benches along main walking routes

• Give people opportunities to sit and stay along

Hoofdstraat and the surrounding streets.

• Improve walking links to the surrounding city.

• Close missing links to the station, Oranjepark and

the Kanaal.


Analysis A good city for walking

1

2

3

456

7

8

9

10

11

13

12

0 100 200 300 400 500

Comparison:

OdenseOdense has a widespread and well connected pedestrian

network linking to most of the important destinations in

the city centre.

Walking routes and destinations

• Current walking routes are linked to the present

destinations in the inner city area.

• Missing links do occur, e.g. to the station, Oranjepark and

Theatre Orpheus.

• Concentrated activity zone around Hoofdstraat.

• Weak points of entry to the inner city walking network.

• The Kanaal is not an integrated part of the walking

network.

Main walking routes

Secondary walking routes

Supporting walking routes

Entry points

Weak entry points

Main destinations

OranjeparkTheatre Orpheus

Caterplein

Museum

Market(square)Townhall

Raadhuisplein Oranjerie

GigantCinema

Train and busstationROC(large school 16 +)

Library

89

1213

1110

7654321

OranjeparkTheatre Orpheus

Caterplein

Museum

Market(square)Townhall

Raadhuisplein Oranjerie

GigantCinema

Train and busstationROC(large school 16 +)

Library

89

1213

1110

7654321

Main walking routes

Secondary walking routes

Supporting walking routes

Entry points

Weak entry points

Main destinations


A good city for walking Analysis

Passages

• The city centre of Apeldoorn has passages connecting

important destinations - many of them are hidden or

plugged up with small buildings.

• Passages offer very different urban space experiences

compared to the primary street network - here you have

an opportunity to explore. The passages are very much

needed in the city structure as important pedestrian links.

• The most important passages connections need to be

identified in order that they can be redeveloped into

attractive, plausible routes through the city as part of a

new pedestrian network.

• The passages need to be upgraded in order to invite

people to use them and improve the accessibility for

pedestrians in the city centre. In many cases the passages

have a character of dark, back alleys and are certainly not

places one would like to walk through late at night.

Comparison:

Christchurch, NZChristchurch has a fine grain network of passages. Some

have been redeveloped into attractive routes as part of

the pedestrian network.

Passage between Hoofdstraat and Marktstraat

Small passage from Caterplein to V.Huutstraat



1

2

4

56

7

8

1011

13 14

15

12

9

3

0 100 200 300 400 500

Pedestrian orientated areas

Pedestrian streets and squares

(43.200 m2)

Parks (57.100 m2)

Pedestrian priority streets

(not car free but more or less

pedestrian friendly: 15.200 m2)

Pedestrian orientated areassource: observations and calculations july 2009

• Extensive network of pedestrian orientated areas linking

up large parts of the inner city.

• Car-free streets and squares in total: 43.200m2.

• Pedestrian priority streets (not car free but more or

less pedestrian friendly) have been introduced on e.g.

Nieuwstraat and Hofstraat.

• Parks are in the periphery of the inner city and not part of

the walking network.

12. Stadskade: 2.150 m2

1. Oranjepark: 41.800 m2

10. Main shopping area: 19.400 m2

14. Stationsdwarsstraat: 1.000 m215. Stationsquare: 6.100 m2

2. Beekpark: 12.700 m2

4. Museumpassage: 1.400 m2

8. Leienplein: 1.250 m2

5. Nieuwstraat / Vosselmanstraat: 9.650 m2 6. Marktplein: 9.950 m2

7. Raadhuisplein: 1.950 m2

13. Brinkpark: 2.600 m2

11. Hofstraat / Kanaalstraat: 5.550 m2

3. Caterplein: 1.400 m2

9. Kanaalpark: 32.500 m2

12. Stadskade: 2.150 m2

1. Oranjepark: 41.800 m2

10. Main shopping area: 19.400 m2

14. Stationsdwarsstraat: 1.000 m215. Stationsquare: 6.100 m2

2. Beekpark: 12.700 m2

4. Museumpassage: 1.400 m2

8. Leienplein: 1.250 m2

5. Nieuwstraat / Vosselmanstraat: 9.650 m2 6. Marktplein: 9.950 m2

7. Raadhuisplein: 1.950 m2

13. Brinkpark: 2.600 m2

11. Hofstraat / Kanaalstraat: 5.550 m2

3. Caterplein: 1.400 m2

9. Kanaalpark: 32.500 m2

43.200 m2

65.960 m2

OdenseCar-free areas.

Apeldoorn versus Odense

Comparison:

Apeldoorn Odense



1

2

4

56

7

8

1011

13 14

15

12

9

36.3 m. 10.20 m. 10.20 m 9.7 m.

1.8 m. 3.7 m.

21.10 m.

5.5 m. 6.9 m.

25.8 m.

12.5 m. 7.5 m.

21.9 m.

9.2 m. 8.1 m.

20.8 m.

4.3 m. 4.3 m.

Section 1: Kapelstraat Section 2: Markstraat Section 3: Hoofdstraat (midden) Section 4: Nieuwstraat

Section 5: Stationsstraat Section 6: Hofstraat

Section 7: Hoofdstraat zuid Section 8: Hoofdstraat zuid

6.3 m. 10.20 m. 10.20 m 9.7 m.

1.8 m. 3.7 m.

21.10 m.

5.5 m. 6.9 m.

25.8 m.

12.5 m. 7.5 m.

21.9 m.

9.2 m. 8.1 m.

20.8 m.

4.3 m. 4.3 m.




6.3 m. 10.20 m. 10.20 m 9.7 m.

1.8 m. 3.7 m.

21.10 m.

5.5 m. 6.9 m.

25.8 m.

12.5 m. 7.5 m.

21.9 m.

9.2 m. 8.1 m.

20.8 m.

4.3 m. 4.3 m.




6.3 m. 10.20 m. 10.20 m 9.7 m.

1.8 m. 3.7 m.

21.10 m.

5.5 m. 6.9 m.

25.8 m.

12.5 m. 7.5 m.

21.9 m.

9.2 m. 8.1 m.

20.8 m.

4.3 m. 4.3 m.




Street sections

Pedestrian street: Hoofdstraat

Pedestrian priority street: Nieuwstraat

Mixed traffic: StationsstraatPedestrian priority street: Hofstraat



Weekday, daytime

Weekday, nighttime

Weekend, daytime

Weekend, nighttime

800

1.190

3.860

4.300

1.300

1.840

2.740

1.000

2.500

770

1.390

2.600

1.070

2.400

3.500

610

1.0601.640

3.920

830

440

590

3.000

4.000

5.000

6.000

7.000

8.000

100

250

500

750

1.000

1.500

2.000

2.500

10.000

12.000

14.000

16.000

18.000

20.000

2.470

14.570

180

310

440200

50

320

290

70

320

170

380

590

200

250

310

270

220250

460

220

140

100

3.000

4.000

5.000

6.000

7.000

8.000

100

250

500

750

1.000

1.500

2.000

2.500

10.000

12.000

14.000

16.000

18.000

20.000

0500

1.750

3.050

8.740

19.550

1.640

3.220

4.420

1.850

7.310

1.540

1.240

1.560

440

3.620

3.630

310

1.5103.290

7.820

1.780

890

1.790

4.990

34.130

3.000

4.000

5.000

6.000

7.000

8.000

100

250

500

750

1.000

1.500

2.000

2.500

10.000

12.000

14.000

16.000

18.000

20.000

3.000

4.000

5.000

6.000

7.000

8.000

100

250

500

750

1.000

1.500

2.000

2.500

10.000

12.000

14.000

16.000

18.000

20.000

34.000

520

714

1.060

640

110

450

310

200

130

200

0

0

0

110

220

0

610530

120

740

370

920

0520

Weekday, daytime

Weekday, nighttime

Weekend, daytime

Weekend, nighttime

800

1.190

3.860

4.300

1.300

1.840

2.740

1.000

2.500

770

1.390

2.600

1.070

2.400

3.500

610

1.0601.640

3.920

830

440

590

3.000

4.000

5.000

6.000

7.000

8.000

100

250

500

750

1.000

1.500

2.000

2.500

10.000

12.000

14.000

16.000

18.000

20.000

2.470

14.570

180

310

440200

50

320

290

70

320

170

380

590

200

250

310

270

220250

460

220

140

100

3.000

4.000

5.000

6.000

7.000

8.000

100

250

500

750

1.000

1.500

2.000

2.500

10.000

12.000

14.000

16.000

18.000

20.000

0500

1.750

3.050

8.740

19.550

1.640

3.220

4.420

1.850

7.310

1.540

1.240

1.560

440

3.620

3.630

310

1.5103.290

7.820

1.780

890

1.790

4.990

34.130

3.000

4.000

5.000

6.000

7.000

8.000

100

250

500

750

1.000

1.500

2.000

2.500

10.000

12.000

14.000

16.000

18.000

20.000

3.000

4.000

5.000

6.000

7.000

8.000

100

250

500

750

1.000

1.500

2.000

2.500

10.000

12.000

14.000

16.000

18.000

20.000

34.000

520

714

1.060

640

110

450

310

200

130

200

0

0

0

110

220

0

610530

120

740

370

920

0520

Weekday, daytime

Weekday, nighttime

Weekend, daytime

Weekend, nighttime

800

1.190

3.860

4.300

1.300

1.840

2.740

1.000

2.500

770

1.390

2.600

1.070

2.400

3.500

610

1.0601.640

3.920

830

440

590

3.000

4.000

5.000

6.000

7.000

8.000

100

250

500

750

1.000

1.500

2.000

2.500

10.000

12.000

14.000

16.000

18.000

20.000

2.470

14.570

180

310

440200

50

320

290

70

320

170

380

590

200

250

310

270

220250

460

220

140

100

3.000

4.000

5.000

6.000

7.000

8.000

100

250

500

750

1.000

1.500

2.000

2.500

10.000

12.000

14.000

16.000

18.000

20.000

0500

1.750

3.050

8.740

19.550

1.640

3.220

4.420

1.850

7.310

1.540

1.240

1.560

440

3.620

3.630

310

1.5103.290

7.820

1.780

890

1.790

4.990

34.130

3.000

4.000

5.000

6.000

7.000

8.000

100

250

500

750

1.000

1.500

2.000

2.500

10.000

12.000

14.000

16.000

18.000

20.000

3.000

4.000

5.000

6.000

7.000

8.000

100

250

500

750

1.000

1.500

2.000

2.500

10.000

12.000

14.000

16.000

18.000

20.000

34.000

520

714

1.060

640

110

450

310

200

130

200

0

0

0

110

220

0

610530

120

740

370

920

0520

Weekday, daytime

Weekday, nighttime

Weekend, daytime

Weekend, nighttime

800

1.190

3.860

4.300

1.300

1.840

2.740

1.000

2.500

770

1.390

2.600

1.070

2.400

3.500

610

1.0601.640

3.920

830

440

590

3.000

4.000

5.000

6.000

7.000

8.000

100

250

500

750

1.000

1.500

2.000

2.500

10.000

12.000

14.000

16.000

18.000

20.000

2.470

14.570

180

310

440200

50

320

290

70

320

170

380

590

200

250

310

270

220250

460

220

140

100

3.000

4.000

5.000

6.000

7.000

8.000

100

250

500

750

1.000

1.500

2.000

2.500

10.000

12.000

14.000

16.000

18.000

20.000

0500

1.750

3.050

8.740

19.550

1.640

3.220

4.420

1.850

7.310

1.540

1.240

1.560

440

3.620

3.630

310

1.5103.290

7.820

1.780

890

1.790

4.990

34.130

3.000

4.000

5.000

6.000

7.000

8.000

100

250

500

750

1.000

1.500

2.000

2.500

10.000

12.000

14.000

16.000

18.000

20.000

3.000

4.000

5.000

6.000

7.000

8.000

100

250

500

750

1.000

1.500

2.000

2.500

10.000

12.000

14.000

16.000

18.000

20.000

34.000

520

714

1.060

640

110

450

310

200

130

200

0

0

0

110

220

0

610530

120

740

370

920

0520

Pedestrian traffic 8:00-18:00Wednesday 9th September 2009Weather:Sunny, cloudy in the afternoon windy about 20 degrees

Pedestrian traffic 8:00-18:00Saturday12th September 2009Weather: Sunny, cloudy in the afternoon windy about 20 degrees

Pedestrian traffic, evening Saturday 18:00-24:00Pedestrian traffic, evening weekday 18:00-24:00

Pedestrian traffic, weekday

• Limited number of pedestrians.

• The general walking pattern shows that the highest

concentrations of pedestrians are found in the retail core;

Hoofdstraat.

• Most of the pedestrian traffic is located in shopping streets

and there is a limited spread over the rest of the city centre.

• Low level of evening traffic.

• Apeldoorn becomes inactive after 18:00 when the shops

and offices close. The counts display a remarkable quiet

city at night time on a normal weekday.

Pedestrian traffic, Saturday

• Very high number of pedestrians in the retail core;

Hoofdstraat.

• Saturday is normally the busiest day in a city´s retail district

and that is the picture in Apeldoorn.

Pedestrian traffic



Pedestrian traffic in Hoofdstraat

9800

34660

3860

4300

15070

3800

0200400600800

1000120014001600180020002200240026002800

ApeldoornHoofdstraat midden zuid


Weekday Saturday

0200400600800

10001200140016001800200022002400260028003000

32003400360038004000420044004600480050005200540056005800

6000620064006600

Ped

estr

ians

per

hou

r

876

2514

3840

5472

5046

6402

5424

3732

Ped

estr

ians

per

hou

r

120

426

1242

1668

1980

2214

2514

2304

1578

792

198 156 114 30

8-9 9-10 10-11 11-12 12-13 13-14 14-15 15-16 16-17 17-18 18-19 19-20 20-21 21-22 8-9 9-10 10-11 11-12 12-13 13-14 14-15 15-16 16-17 17-18 18-19 19-20 20-21 21-22

84

744

150 156 72 144

• 93% of all activities are

between 10:00 and 18:00

• 3% of all activities are after

18:00

• 96% of all activities are between

10:00 and 18:00

• 1,5% of all activities are after

18:00

• Weekday pedestrian counts

on Hoofdstraat

+130%



0200400600800

10001200140016001800200022002400260028003000320034003600

OdenseVestergade midt

weekday


SaturdayOdenseVestergade midt

0200400600800

10001200140016001800200022002400260028003000320034003600


34.660

19.100

Apel

door

n

Ode

nse

Hoo

fdst

raat

Vest

erga

de

15.100

23.900

Apel

door

n

Ode

nse

Hoo

fdst

raat

Vest

erga

de 8-9 9-10 10-11 11-1212-1313-1414-1515-1616-1717-1818-1919-2020-2121-22 8-9 9-10 10-1111-1212-1313-1414-1515-16 16-17 17-1818-19 19-20 20-21 21-22

84228

1014

2988

18072

786

2628

3246

3540

2928

2052

762618 528 540

630 570

3006

32943456

2256

2946

2484

984

276492

372

Ped

estr

ians

per

hou

r

Ped

estr

ians

per

hou

r

Pedestrian trafficcomparison between mainstreets

• In Odense 9% of all

activities take place after

18:00, 3X as much as

Hoofdstraat, Apeldoorn

• In Odense 12% of all

activities take place after

18:00, 7X as much as

Hoofdstraat, Apeldoorn

+58%

+81%

• Hoofdstraat has a reasonable amount of pedestrians on

a normal summer weekday, but nothing like Odense's

impressive numbers, where a substantial amount of

people use the city also during the week.

• Saturdays are when everybody and his uncle are coming

to Apeldoorn. Numbers are more than 200% of a normal

weekday. Compared to Odense Apeldoorn explodes

during Saturdays and has a remarkable difference

between the ordinary weekday and Saturdays.



high - good look and feel: something special- specially detailled in design - clean, no damages

regular- plain look and feel: something standard- no specific detailing- clean, no or minor maintance issues

low- bad look and feel: outdated or grey- no detailing- not clean, (serious) maintance issues

Hoofdstraat

Pavement qualitysource: observations july 2009

0 100 200 300 400 500




Hoofdstraat





Hoofdstraat


Pavement quality

• High paving quality covers somewhat half of the city

centre

• Hoofdstraat stands out as the most used, most

important street in Apeldoorn. The tarmac paving here

has transformed into a dirty grey colour and neither the

quality of the material or the visual appearance correlates

with Hoofdstraat's significant position in the pedestrian

network.

• The map to the left reflects streets where a quality

upgrade in paving ought to happen.

Example:

High quality tile paving on Stationsstraat

Low quality tarmac paving on Hoofdstraat



1. 2.

3.

4.

RestaurantWilde Pieters

WilhelminaDruckerstraat

ApeldoornCanal

ApeldoornCanal

Brinkpark

Stationsplein

Townhall

Percentage of walkingtime spent on waiting for stoplightssource: observations july 2009

1. total time: 16:43 minutes walkingtime: 15.39 minutes waitingtime: 1.04 minutes (6,3 %)

2. total time: 10.25 minutes walkingtime: 8.38 minutes waitingtime: 1.47 minutes (14,3 %)



14,3 %

13,2 %

9,3 %

6,3 %

0 100 200 300 400 500

1. 2.

3.

4.



ApeldoornCanal

ApeldoornCanal

Brinkpark

Stationsplein

Townhall






14,3 %

13,2 %

9,3 %

6,3 %

1. 2.

3.

4.



ApeldoornCanal

ApeldoornCanal

Brinkpark

Stationsplein

Townhall






14,3 %

13,2 %

9,3 %

6,3 %

1. 2.

3.

4.



ApeldoornCanal

ApeldoornCanal

Brinkpark

Stationsplein

Townhall






14,3 %

13,2 %

9,3 %

6,3 %

Example: Park Street(from Sussex Street to College Street)

Walking time:

8 min 44 sec.

Waiting time:

9 min 20 sec

Total trip time:

18 min 4 sec

Waiting time: 52%

Comparison:

Waiting time at crossings

• Low level of waiting time at crossings on the test walks

performed.

0 100 200 300 400 500 m

38 %

33 %

17 %

19 %

30 %Waiting time

Waiting time

Waiting time

Waiting time

Waiting time

52 %Waiting time

SydneyTestwalks:

Percentage of walking time

spent on waiting at traffic

lights



Footpath interruptionssource: observations july 2009

physically interrupted footpath by vehicle entrances or side roads

vehicle entrances without lowering or changing footpath level

0 100 200 300 400 500

Footpath interruptionssource: observations july 2009

physically interrupted footpath by vehicle entrances or side roads

vehicle entrances without lowering or changing footpath level

AdelaideUnnecessary footpath interruptions:

Dots showing 330 unnecessary interruptions.

Footpath interruptions

• Very few physical interruptions of the footpaths.

• A substantial number of vehicle entrances which do not

effect the footpath layout, but which might have an effect

on walking quality + number of accidents in the streets in

question. (Nieuwstraat + Stationsstraat).

Comparison:




Beekpark is an excellent example of a street that has

gradually been turned into a rubbish dump of various things.

As a key link between Beekpark and Caterplein /the

Hoogstraat network, this fine little street should be

wonderful, peaceful walking link with ample space for

pedestrians, also pedestrians with kids, prams or goods.

At present there is only scarce room for people as the

footpaths has been filled by a multitude of things, such as:

• Parked cars (numerous, on the footpath)

• Poorly placed signs

• 12 month outdoor serving areas (unused in winter)

• Bulky bins

• Commercial signs

• Bollards

• Poorly placed bicycle racks

• Unorganised bicycle parking

Beekpark. Beekpark. Beekpark.




A general problem in Apeldoorn, and a number of other

Dutch cities, e.g. Rotterdam, appears to be the amount

and character of various commercial elements. There is a

tendency of wanting to speak louder than your neighbour,

resulting in an inferno of coulourful elements, having a

negative effect on the buildings they are placed on and a

substantial impact on the street, where footpaths are turned

into slalom courses.

Pedestrians flock in the middle - for obvious reasons, Hoogstraat. Outdoor serving area - unused. December in Deventerstraat. Bulky goods display. Deventerstraat.


€


Potentials• Many visitors to the city centre

• Activity during working /shopping hours

• Frequent outdoor markets (70% of all events are

the outdoor markets)

• Many bars /restaurants are open in the evening

• Options for families with children, policy

regarding distance to playgrounds

3


Challenges• Increase types and total number of activities

after 6 pm.

• Stretch the actively used areas and mix

activities.

• Increase diversity in user groups.

• Integrate cultural facilities in the public space

network.

• Improve quality of children's playgrounds.

• Promote diverse types and total number of

events

€


€

Analysis A monofunctional city

0 100 200 300 400 500

Culture / Rekreation

Retail

Food and Daily groceries

Restaurant / Café

Culture / Rekreation

Retail

Food and Daily groceries

Restaurant / Café

Comparison:

Functions in the city centre

OdenseFunctions in the inner city

• Monofunctional city centre (shopping)

• Shopping spaces deserted at night and during other non-

shopping hours.

• Areas dominated by offices are lively only in the morning,

during lunchtime, and again during evening rush hour.

Outside these peaks the areas appear isolated and

deserted and do not act as pleasant destinations for

visitors.

Entertainment (restaurants, cafes, bars, laser game, bowling, etc.)

Culture (museum, library, cinema, arts centre, etc.)

Shopping (clothes, shoes, groceries, bakeries, florist etc.)

Services (towhall, banks, postoffices, insurance agencies)

Industrial sites (factory, buildingcompanies, DIY center)

Functions in the city centresource: data bestemmingsplan dienst RO

Entertainment (restaurants, cafes, bars, laser game, bowling, etc.)

Culture (museum, library, cinema, arts centre, etc.)

Shopping (clothes, shoes, groceries, bakeries, florist etc.)

Services (towhall, banks, postoffices, insurance agencies)

Industrial sites (factory, buildingcompanies, DIY center)

Functions in the city centresource: data bestemmingsplan dienst RO


€

A monofunctional city Analysis

Loolaan:

in: 4.438 veh.

out: 4.838 veh.

Deventerstraat:in: 8.849 veh.

out: 11.693 veh.

Wapenrustlaan

in: 8.503 veh.

out: 10.408 veh.

Koning S

tadhouderlaan:in: 10.132 veh.out: 10.317 veh.

PWA laan:

in: 4.175 veh.

out: 3.942 veh.

Asselse straat

in: 2568 veh.

out: 2028veh.

Sprengenweg:

in: 3.982 veh.

out: 5.409veh.

Kultur / rekreation

Handel

Dagligvarer

Restaurant / café

Evening activities source: observations july 2009

Restaurants and bars

Supermarket

Culture and leisure

bowling, arthouse, lasergame, cinema, casino etc.

Sport and wellness

fitness, suntanning etc.

Other

homeless shelter, sex shop

Bus- and trainstation

0 100 200 300 400 500

Evening activity between 21.00-23.00

• One-sided evening life is dominated by restaurants and

bars.

• High concentration of activities around Caterplein,

Raadhuisplein, Leienplein, V. Kinsbergenstraat.

• City tends to be monofunctional, mainly bars and

restaurants.

• No evening activity along the middle section of

Hoofdstraat, the Kanaal, or Oranjepark.

Total evening activity.

Apeldoorn versus Odense

Evening activities between 21.00 - 23.00 on a summer weekday source: observations july 2009


Supermarket

Culture and leisure

bowling, arthouse, lasergame,

cinema, casino etc.

Sport and wellness



Evening activities between 21.00 - 23.00 on a summer weekday source: observations july 2009


Supermarket

Culture and leisure

bowling, arthouse, lasergame,

cinema, casino etc.

Sport and wellness



Apeldoorn

84

138

Odense

Comparison:

Odense


€


Oranjepark

Caterplein

The Kanaal

Leijenplein

Raadhuisplein

Marketplein

0 100 200 300 400 500

Bach uge

Sommerdans

Børneteater

Legetøjsmarked

Folk Festival

Folk FestivalTorsdagskoncert

Carl Nielsen Violin Konkurrence

Odense Filmfestival

Robotfestival

Studiestartfest

Farmers market

Jazz på Odense Å

Å sejllads

Skøjtebane

Folk Festival

MusikhøstStig Rossen Julekoncert

Musikhøst

Vinterjazz

Sommerjazz

Sommerjazz

SommerjazzVinterjazz

Vinterjazz

Vinterjazz

H.C. Andersens Julemarked

Musikhøst

Musikhøst

Torvedage

Antikmarked

Folk Festival

RådhusrundvisningTorsdagskoncert

HøstfestOdense Internationale Bluesdage Juletræet tændes

Events

• Total number of activities per year: 285.

• Most events take place in the summer months.

• Main events in Apeldoorn is markets (61%)

• Only few places are activated by events.

• 30% of events take place outside Marktplein.

• Not many events along the Kanaal.

Event space

OdenseOdense has many summer and winter events, spread

out across many parts of the public spaces in the city

centre. The events are versatile and for all user groups

e.g. summer and winter jazz festival, theatre for children,

movie festival, summer dance etc. 62 events

144 markets

25242322212019181716151413121110090807060504030201

j f m a m j j a s o n d

30 events

11 events

48 weekly markets

30 events

144 weekly markets

Total innercity

Major eventspaces and number of events in 2009source: data Apeldoorns uitburo, 2009

Total number of activities (market and events) in study site per year: 285 - Marktplein: 174 (61 %)- Raadhuisplein: 30 (11 %)- Caterplein/Leijenplein: 59 (20 %)- various locations 22 ( 8 %)

10090807060504030201

Raadhuisplein


10090807060504030201

Caterplein, Beekstraat, Kapelstraat and Leienplein


Marktplein 48 % of the time occupied with an event or market)


2019181716151413121110090807060504030201

62 events

144 markets

25242322212019181716151413121110090807060504030201


30 events

11 events

48 weekly markets

30 events

144 weekly markets

Total innercity



10090807060504030201

Raadhuisplein


10090807060504030201





2019181716151413121110090807060504030201

62 events

144 markets

25242322212019181716151413121110090807060504030201


30 events

11 events

48 weekly markets

30 events

144 weekly markets

Total innercity



10090807060504030201

Raadhuisplein


10090807060504030201





2019181716151413121110090807060504030201

Comparison:


€


62 events

144 markets

25242322212019181716151413121110090807060504030201


30 events

11 events

48 weekly markets

30 events

144 weekly markets

Total innercity



10090807060504030201

Raadhuisplein


10090807060504030201





2019181716151413121110090807060504030201 62 events

144 markets

25242322212019181716151413121110090807060504030201


30 events

11 events

48 weekly markets

30 events

144 weekly markets

Total innercity



10090807060504030201

Raadhuisplein


10090807060504030201





2019181716151413121110090807060504030201

62 events

144 markets

25242322212019181716151413121110090807060504030201


30 events

11 events

48 weekly markets

30 events

144 weekly markets

Total innercity



10090807060504030201

Raadhuisplein


10090807060504030201





2019181716151413121110090807060504030201

Eventspace: Marktplein

• Marktplein is an iconic space with a strong identity and a

fine location where a lot of different events can take place

all year round.

• Marktplein is the largest square in Apeldoorn (9.950 m2)

• The event calender shows that Marktplein is the most

used public space in the city centre. (61% of all events in

the city centre take place on Marktplein)

• Marktplein is mostly used for markets - every Monday,

Wednesday and Saturday (all year round)

• Marktplein is a formal public space and has fantastic

potential as the heart of the city. But because of the heavy

use for markets it does not function as a communal city

square - it is more used as a private outdoor supermarket.

Variety of events

A broader variety of events in the city centre would

invite different user and age groups with different

interests. For example; skating festival, a sing-along

festival, fashion week, Apeldoorn by night (lighting

festival in public spaces), flea markets, historic walks

in the city centre, art festival for children etc.

The positive aspect of events is that they gather a lot

of people, which adds life and bustle to the whole area

in which they take place. For example, once you are

in the city centre for an event, you might also go for a

coffee, lunch or shopping.


€


Places for childrensource: observations and data july 2009

Playgrounds children 0 - 12 jr. with theoretical users radius of 400 meter

Playground children 12 + (skatebowl)

skate bowlReference norm used in play policy municipality of Apeldoorn maxium distance to nearest playgrounds (based on norm NUSO-institute)0-6 jr: max 100 meter6-12 jr. max 300/400 meter12+ > 1000 meter

0 100 200 300 400 500

Example:

Public places for children













Small playground in central city area, Leienplein with very

few possibilities for creative playing

• Many playgrounds very close to the core of the city. Within

10 minutes walking distance.

• The majority of these playgrounds are quite small, with

very few play elements and few options for creative play.

• Rather have fewer playgrounds of better quality.


€


Primary schools (6-12 jr)

Secondary schools (12-18 jr)

Professional education (>16 jr)

Koningin Wilhelminaschool: 521

Anne Frank school: 165

Koninklijke scholengemeenschap: 1.445

ROC: 8.244

Fotovakschool (in 2010): 350

Schools in the city centre

0 100 200 300 400 500

Den Sociale Højskole

Fyns Musikkonservatorium

Syddansk Universitetca. 4 km.

Det Fynske Kunstakademi

Tietgen Business College

University College Lillebælt

TietgenSkolen

VUC

VUC

Odense Katedral Skole

VUC

VUC

Teknisk Skole

60

18419

650

1.028

600877

326

144

21.538

187

5002.100

Primary schools (6-12 jr)

Secondary schools (12-18 jr)

Professional education (>16 jr)

Koningin Wilhelminaschool: 521

Anne Frank school: 165

Koninklijke scholengemeenschap: 1.445

ROC: 8.244

Fotovakschool (in 2010): 350

Schools in the city centre

Students in the city centre

• Congregation of public schools north of the city centre,

close to Oranjepark.

• Youth education south of the station.

• No university faculties.

Comparison:

OdenseOdense has more educational institutions placed in the

city centre and a large number of students on a daily

basis.


€


Age and gender - Hoofdstraat

Hoofdstraat 11.00

Hoofdstraat 17.00

Hoofdstraat 13.00

Hoofdstraat 19.00

Hoofdstraat 15.00

Hoofdstraat 21.00

12%

5%5

13%

8

40

69%

29

2%

Hoofdstraat 11.00

Perc

ent

Age

0-6 7-14 15-30 31-64 65+

women

men

women

men

1%

22

53%

31

14

35%

21

7%5%

Hoofdstraat 13.00

women

women

men

Perc

ent

Age

0-6 7-14 15-30 31-64 65+

men

5%

11%

48%

36%

30

18

20

16

1%

Hoofdstraat 15.00

Perc

ent

Age

0-6 7-14 15-30 31-64 65+

women

men

women

men

Hoofdstraat 17.00

5% 6%

59%

30%37

22

19

11

0%

Perc

ent

Age

0-6 7-14 15-30 31-64 65+

women

women

men

women

men

0% 0%

51%48%

21

30

12

36

0%

Hoofdstraat 19.00

Perc

ent

Age

0-6 7-14 15-30 31-64 65+

women

women

menmen

0% 0%

36

28

17

19

0%

Hoofdstraat 21.00

64%

36%

women

men

Perc

ent

Age

0-6 7-14 15-30 31-64 65+

women

men


€


Age and gender surveys were performed on Hoofdstraat

and Marktstraat in the inner city to determine how the

public realm is used by males and females and different age

groups. A representative segment of pedestrians have been

recorded at 11.00, 13.00, 15.00, 19.00 and 21.00.

The average of all people recorded on Hoofdstraat on a

summer weekday:

Children ( 0-14 years): 9%

Young people (15-30 years): 45%

Middle aged (31-64 years): 45%

Elderly (65+ years): 1%

• The young people (15-30 years) and the middle aged

(31-64 years) account for the most of the pedestrians

throughout the whole day. These groups also cover the

largest age span and represent the most commercial

active part of the population.

• The group of children are biggest in the morning and in

the afternoon. The children (0-14 years) have disappeared

from the street life after 17.00.

• The elderly above 65 years are present on the streets in

the morning. The elderly above 65 years have disappeared

from the street life after 15.00.

• Women are strongly represented in the daytime, where

they account for 52%. Generally speaking it has been

observed that the supply and demand on Hoofdstraat

especially appeal towards the group of commercial active

women.

• However when the shops are closed men are the highest

representative on Hoofdstraat with 57%.

Age and gender - Hoofdstraat

Gender distribution on Hoofdstraat (15-64 years) between 11.00 - 21.00

48%

34%

women

men

11:00 13:00

52%

36%

women

men

15:00

50%

34%

women

men

17:00

56%

33%

women

men

men

19:00

66%

33%women

Hoofdstraat - Men and women

men

21:00

47%

53%women


€


Age and gender - Marktstraat

Marktstraat 11.00

Marktstraat 17.00

Marktstraat 13.00

Marktstraat 19.00

Marktstraat 15.00

Marktstraat 21.00

7%

2%

14

24%10

35

62%27

6%

Marktstraat 11.00

Perc

ent

Age

0-6 7-14 15-30 31-64 65+

women

men

women

men

4%8%

19

32%

13

0%

32

57%

25

Marktstraat 13.00

Perc

ent

Age

0-6 7-14 15-30 31-64 65+

women

women

men

men

43%

38%

20

18

19

24

10%

1%

8%

Marktstraat 15.00

Perc

ent

Age

0-6 7-14 15-30 31-64 65+

women

men

women

men

5%

0% 0%

33

55%

32

12

30%

18

Marktstraat 17.00

Perc

ent

Age

0-6 7-14 15-30 31-64 65+

women

men

women

men

43

43

52%

47%

4

9

Marktstraat 19.00

0% 0% 0%

Perc

ent

Age

0-6 7-14 15-30 31-64 65+

women

men

women

men

78%

11

11

78

Marktstraat 21.00

0% 0 0%0%

22%

Perc

ent

Age

0-6 7-14 15-30 31-64 65+

men

men

women

women


€


Age and gender - Marktstraat

Age and gender surveys were performed on Hoofdstraat

and Marktstraat in the inner city to determine how the

public realm is used by males and females and different age

groups. A representative segment of pedestrians have been

recorded at 11.00, 13.00, 15.00, 19.00 and 21.00.

The average of all people recorded on Marktstraat on a

summer weekday:

Children ( 0-14 years): 8%

Young people (15-30 years): 40%

Middle aged (31-64 years): 52%

Elderly (65+ years): 1%

• There are no significant changes in the different age

groups represented in Marktstraat compared with

Hoofdstraat in the morning.

• Women are represented by 49% in Marktstraat when the

shops are open (52% on Hoofdstraat)

• However the picture is totally different after the shops are

closed - where men are very strongly represented. After

19.00 87,5% of the pedestrians account for men (57% on

Hoofdstraat)Gender distribution on Marktstraat (15-64 years) between 11.00 - 21.00

49%

37%

women

men

11:00 13:00

51%

38%

women

men

15:00

44%

37%women

men

17:00

51%

44%women

men

86%

19:00

13%

men

women

Marktstraat - Men and women

89%

21:00

11%

men

women


4A city with public spaces of low quality

Potentials• A green identity.

• Fine-grained urban structure, fine walking

streets, human scaled places.

• Low and dense city offering a wonderful micro-

climate.

• High amount of pedestrian orientated areas.

• Recently upgraded Stationsplein.

• Many active ground floor frontages in the city

core.

• High level of outdoor serving areas.

• High number of café seats.


Challenges• Close missing links in the public space network.

• Make each public space have a distinct character.

• Improve the physical appearance of public space.

• Alleviate wind problems at the canal.

• Improve capacity for walking and stationary activity in

Nieuwstraat.

• Connect fragmented green network.

• Increase level of stationary activities.

• Create a more diverse activity pattern.

• Provide more and improve quality of public benches.

• Link benches in the pedestrian network.

• Spread outdoor serving areas to rest of city.

• Address problems with privatization of public space.

• Activate ground floor frontages in the cultural precinct,

Nieuwstraat, Station precinct, Marketplein.


Analysis A city with public spaces of low quality

4

Bee

kpar

k

Cat

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ein

57

Hoo

fdst

raat

114

Hoo

fdst

raat

zui

d

19Hof

stra

at K

anaa

lstr

aat

58

Kan

aalp

ark

4

Leije

nple

in 53

Mar

ktpl

ein

413

Ora

njep

ark

33

Raa

dhui

sple

in

385

Sta

tions

dwar

sstr

aat

5

Sta

tions

plei

n

24

Kap

elst

raat

Vos

selm

anst

raat

92R

aadh

uisp

lein

Kan

aalp

ark

Bee

kpar

k

4

Cat

erpl

ein

14H

oofd

stra

at

53

Ora

njep

ark

14

Hoo

fdst

raat

zui

d

9

Hof

stra

at K

anaa

lstr

aat

39

4

Kap

elst

raat

Vos

selm

anst

raat

11

Leije

nple

in

9

Mar

ktpl

ein

22

118

Sta

tions

dwar

sstr

aat

4

Sta

tions

plei

n57

Data collected: Wednesday 9th September 2009Weather:Sunny, cloudy in the afternoon windy about 20 degrees

Data collected: Saturday 12th September 2009Weather:Sunny, cloudy in the afternoon windy about 20 degrees

Stationary activity counts

• Average number of stationary activities found in the period

between 12:00 and 16:00 on a summer weekday.

• Very low level of activity. Raadhuisplein is the most popular

public space.

• Average number of stationary activities found in the period

between 12:00 and 16:00 on a summer Saturday.

• The activity level is 250% higher than weekdays, but still

extremely low.

On Marktplein 75% of the stationary activities between 12pm and 4pm are made up of commercial activities (people selling goods in market stands and thus not people choosing to spend time due to the quality of space).


A city with public spaces of low quality Analysis

• The most important story to tell about Apeldoorn is

displayed here. The graphs to the left display that although

a substantial number of pedestrians come to Hoofdstraat

on a summer Saturday (33.550) very few of them choose

to spend time there. Very few people engage in stationary

activities or go visit other parts of the city centre.

• There is an enormous potential in working out how more

people can be invited to spend more time and engage

in different activities while they are in the city. No new

visitors are needed. People are already there, they just

need the proper invitations for them to start doing other

things than just walking up and down Hoofdstraat.

Stationary activity vs. pedestrian traffic in Hoofdstraat

Siddende bænk

Siddende café

Siddende sekundær

Liggende

Kulturelle aktiviteter

Fysiske aktiviteter

Legende børn

Kommercielle aktiviteter

Venter på transport

Stående

Physically active

Culturally active

Commercially active

Children playing

Lying down

Café chairs

Secondary seating

Benches

Standing

Waiting for transport

100

200

10 12 14 16 18 20

134 139

158

45

5 3

Hoofdstraat tussen Hofstraat en Paslaan total 480

Num

ber o

f per

sons

Time

0

Siddende bænk

Siddende café

Siddende sekundær

Liggende

Kulturelle aktiviteter

Fysiske aktiviteter

Legende børn

Kommercielle aktiviteter

Venter på transport

Stående

Physically active

Culturally active

Commercially active

Children playing

Lying down

Café chairs

Secondary seating

Benches

Standing


0

100

200

300

400

10 12 14 16 18 20

Num

ber o

f pe

rson

s

Time

Hoofdstraat tussen Hofstraat en Paslaan

3447

6250

1 4

Hoofdstraat tussen Hofstraat en Paslaan total 198

Num

ber o

f per

sons

Time

Weekday and Saturday stationary activity counts

versus pedestrian traffic,

Hoofdstraat between 10:00 - 21:00

Physically active

Culturally active

Commercially active

Children playing

Lying down

Café chairs

Secondary seating

Benches

Standing


Leije

nple

in

Bee

kpar

k

5

23

11

2967

20

276

4

61

377

118

Ora

njep

ark

Cat

erpl

ein

Kap

elst

raat

Vos

selm

anst

raat

Raa

dhui

sple

in

Mar

ktpl

ein

Hoo

fdst

raat

149

Hoo

fdst

raat

zui

d

Hof

stra

at K

anaa

lstr

aat

Sta

tions

plei

n

Sta

tions

dwar

sstr

aat

Kan

aalp

ark

Stationary activity counts - Saturday

Stationary activity counts - Weekday

14.500

200Beregning af søjler200 enhedder (gående/aktiviteter) = 0,9 mm100 enheder = 0,451 enhed = 0,0045

480

33.550

Pede

stria

n tr

affic

Sta

tiona

ry a

ctiv

ity

Sta

tiona

ry a

ctiv

ity

Pede

stria

n tr

affic

Weekday Saturday

14.500

200Beregning af søjler200 enhedder (gående/aktiviteter) = 0,9 mm100 enheder = 0,451 enhed = 0,0045

480

33.550

Pede

stria

n tr

affic

Sta

tiona

ry a

ctiv

ity

Sta

tiona

ry a

ctiv

ity

Pede

stria

n tr

affic

Weekday Saturday

Hoofdstraat



The quality of public space is an overriding factor for

the success of the public life that can take place in a

city.

A city consisting of high quality public spaces with

wonderful conditions for enjoying the climate, with

a multitude of events and activities that people can

choose to participate in and with strong links to the

pedestrian network and the amenities is generally a

successful city with a flourishing and diverse public

life.

Public space quality

Unfortunate and unused recently upgraded public space.

Caterplein is in need of an upgrade and a re-think.

Kanaal promenade is a waiting potential.

Stationsplein is a very successful upgrade.

In Apeldoorn the overall message is that something is

lacking. People are not spending a long time in the city

centre and their activities while in the city tend to be

somewhat the same every time they visit, with shopping as

a predominant activity.

This relates to a number of reasons of which one factor has

to do with the current quality level of the public spaces.

Some public spaces are worn down and in need of a brush

over, including a new thinking regarding the general layout

of the space, the design profile and the future use e.g.

Caterplein. Others are unfortunately rather new and are the

result of a misconception of what public space is and should

be.



Comparison:

Bee

kpar

k

5

Cat

erpl

ein

29H

oofd

stra

at z

uid

20

Hof

stra

at K

anaa

lstr

aat

61

Kan

aalp

ark

4

Sta

tions

plei

n

27

Sta

tions

dwar

sstr

aat

6

Mar

ktpl

ein

428

Ora

njep

ark

23R

aadh

uisp

lein

377

Leije

nple

in

11

Kap

elst

raat

Vos

selm

anst

raat

67

Hoo

fdst

raat

149

Bra

ndts

Klæ

defa

brik

/Bra

ndts

Pas

sage

153

Fisk

etor

vet

36

Flak

haen

99

HC

And

erse

n H

aven

68

Klin

genb

erg/

Skt

. Knu

ds P

lads

26

Kong

ens

Hav

e

45

Kong

ensg

ade/

Bra

ndts

Torv

/Slo

tsga

de

129 Lotz

es H

ave

82

Ove

rgad

e 40

Sor

tebr

ødre

Torv

/Cla

us B

ergs

Gad

e

18

Vest

erga

de M

/Grå

brød

re P

lads

/Ove

Spr

ogøe

s P

lads

407

Vest

erga

de V

/Mag

eløs

67

Vest

erga

de Ø

/Stå

lstr

æde

/Asy

lgad

e/L.

Grå

brd.

Str.

95

Vint

appe

rstr

æde

/Grå

brd.

Str.

135

On Marktplein 75% of the stationary activities between 12pm and 4pm are made up of commercial activities (people selling goods in market stands and thus not people choosing to spend time due to the quality of space).

Comparison between city centres

OdenseStationary activities - Average number of stationary

activities found in the period between 12:00 and 14:00 on

a summer Saturday.

Stationary activities

• Average number of stationary activities found in the period between

12:00 and 14:00 on a summer Saturday.

• Compared to Odense the stationary activity level is 60% lower in the

city centre of Apeldoorn. (The people selling goods on Marktplein

have been withdrawn in the calculation).

• Compared to Odense the activities cover a larger geographical area

and thus puts more of the city into play.

Physically active

Culturally active

Commercially active

Children playing

Lying down

Café chairs

Secondary seating

Benches

Standing




Comparison between mainstreets, Saturday

• 1,5% of all activities take place after 18:00

• 63% of all people are standing

• 19% of all activities take place after 18:00

(13X more than Apeldoorn Hoofdstraat)

• 72% of all people are sitting on café chairs

• Although Apeldoorn enjoys many more

visitors to the main street, very few of them

choose to stay for a while and linger or

engage in other activities than walking.

Ode

nse

Ves

terg

ade

Ape

ldoo

rn H

oofd

stra

at

Stationary activity on a Saturday

1.340

Pedestrian traffic on a Saturday

19.100

33.550

480

Ode

nse

Ves

terg

ade

Ape

ldoo

rn H

oofd

stra

at

34

158

45

139134

50

100

150

200

250

300

350

400

450

Time

num

ber

of p

erso

ns

010:00 12:00 14:00 16:00 18:00 20:00

480

33.550

Ape

ldoo

rn H

oofd

stra

at

Pede

stria

n tra

ffic

-on

a Sa

turd

ay

Stat

iona

ry a

ctiv

ity

-on

a Sa

turd

ay

total

480

50

100

150

200

250

300

350

400

450 438

133

375

142 148

105

Time

num

ber

of p

erso

ns

010:00 12:00 14:00 16:00 18:00 20:00

19.100

1.340O

dens

e V

este

rgad

e

total1.340

Pede

stria

n tra

ffic

-on

a Sa

turd

ay

Stat

iona

ry a

ctiv

ity

-on

a Sa

turd

ay

Odense Apeldoorn vs. Odense Apeldoorn

+75%

+180%



4.

Oranjepark total 143

Kanaalpark total 22

10 12 14 16 18 20

0

100

200

10 12 14 16 18 20

Num

ber o

f per

sons

Num

ber o

f per

sons

Time

Lotzes Have total 659

Num

ber o

f per

sons

Time

H.C. Andersen Have total 362

Num

ber o

f per

sons

TimeTime

0

100

200

0

100

200

10 12 14 16 18 20

10 12 14 16 18 20

719 26

55

1125

0 2 7 4 3 4 9

31

10585

104

28

173

300

200

100

0

400

365

65

36

182


Kanaalpark total 22

10 12 14 16 18 20

0

100

200

10 12 14 16 18 20

Num

ber o

f per

sons

Num

ber o

f per

sons

Time


Num

ber o

f per

sons

Time


Num

ber o

f per

sons

TimeTime

0

100

200

0

100

200

10 12 14 16 18 20

10 12 14 16 18 20

719 26

55

1125

0 2 7 4 3 4 9

31

10585

104

28

173

300

200

100

0

400

365

65

36

182


Kanaalpark total 22

10 12 14 16 18 20

0

100

200

10 12 14 16 18 20

Num

ber o

f per

sons

Num

ber o

f per

sons

Time


Num

ber o

f per

sons

Time


Num

ber o

f per

sons

TimeTime

0

100

200

0

100

200

10 12 14 16 18 20

10 12 14 16 18 20

719 26

55

1125

0 2 7 4 3 4 9

31

10585

104

28

173

300

200

100

0

400

365

65

36

182


Kanaalpark total 22

10 12 14 16 18 20

0

100

200

10 12 14 16 18 20

Num

ber o

f per

sons

Num

ber o

f per

sons

Time


Num

ber o

f per

sons

Time


Num

ber o

f per

sons

TimeTime

0

100

200

0

100

200

10 12 14 16 18 20

10 12 14 16 18 20

719 26

55

1125

0 2 7 4 3 4 9

31

10585

104

28

173

300

200

100

0

400

365

65

36

182

Comparison between parks

Odense• Lotzes Have has 360% more act.

than Oranjepark.

• HC Andersens Have has 1550%

more act. than Kanaalpark.

Apeldoorn• Very low numbers of people

using the public parks.

Especially Kanaalpark is

quite under-utilized.



1016

40

80

136

180

25

60

10

10

20

60

6050

15

320

128

335100

110

35

16

337

190

1585

10

40

30

40

120

15

190

265

131

96

30

53

120

128

330

30

120

110

26

160

30

30

64

75

100

120

60

20

20

main walking routes

secondary walking routes

supporting walking routes

15+ seats

10-14 seats

5-9 seats

1-4 seats

Public benches source: observations july 2009

main walking routes



15+ seats

10-14 seats

5-9 seats

1-4 seats

Public benches source: observations july 2009

Total number of seats:

Comparison:

Rotterdam Extensive public seating in

the city centre

0 100 200 300 400 500

Public benches and pedestrian routes

• No direct link between the main pedestrian routes and the

supply of public benches.

• Very few options for resting along pedestrian routes.

Comparison:

378 seats

750seats

Odense RotterdamApeldoorn

1520 seats



Public benches and pedestrian routes

Public seats

When inviting people to walk and enjoy the public

realm it is important that different opportunities for

pausing and resting are provided.

Apart from the number of public seats, other factors

are important in order to provide good quality seating.

Experience shows that the most popular seating is

of good quality, has a nice view, sufficient sun/shade

and shelter, and most importantly is located close to

important pedestrian routes and destinations.

Good comfortable seating in the right location provides

visitors with rest and an opportunity to stay longer,

which contributes to a more lively city. This is one of

the keys to encouraging people to walk, enjoy and

spend time in the streets.

Especially the elderly need a rest, Hoofdstraat.

Over-crowded seating arrangement in Hoofdstraat.

There is a substantial lack of public benches and other

seating arrangements in the city centre of Apeldoorn.

Seating possibilities are few and are often placed far

apart. As such the most central locations where the

most people come are without any seating whatsoever.

Hoofdstraat which should be a welcoming main street

offer approximately 10 benches for its 34.550 walking

visitors during Saturdays. The general lack of benches

and of proper seating environments tell people to keep

walking and it discourages the elderly and families with

children from visiting at all.

Uncomfortable seating options, Hofstraat.

Secondary seating options are popular in a city

without benches.



Outdoor serving areas

120 + seats

80-119 seats

40-79 seats

20-39 seats

1- 19 seats

Number of outdoor serving areas in study

site during shop hours

source: observations july 2009

Total number of terrace seats: 2.182

(excl. standing tables Caterplein)

Total number of seating in studysite 3.036

Terrace seats: 2.182 (72 %)

Primary seating 378 (12 %)

Secondary seating: 476 (16 %)

120 + seats

80-119 seats

40-79 seats

20-39 seats

1- 19 seats

Number of outdoor serving areas in study

site during shop hours

source: observations july 2009

Total number of terrace seats: 2.182

(excl. standing tables Caterplein)

Total number of seating in studysite 3.036

Terrace seats: 2.182 (72 %)

Primary seating 378 (12 %)

Secondary seating: 476 (16 %)

2.180 seats

2.040seats

6.300 seats

Odense RotterdamApeldoorn0 100 200 300 400 500

• High number of café seats

• Concentration of outdoor serving areas in Caterplein, in

Leienplein and in Raadhuisplein

• No outdoor serving areas along the Kanaal, in Oranjepark,

in Asselselaan or in the Stationsplein.

Comparison:

Rotterdam Extensive café seating

in the city centre

16

8

8

32

2844

168

15

26

8

75 3030

24

12

4

3

80

20

10

10

10

20

9

10105

1010

15

16

40

75

73

40

170

30

24

80

60

16

80

26

24



Outdoor serving areas

Recreational city life

The culture of outdoor cafe life has developed rapidly in

many countries around the world. This has significantly

changed the usage patterns of city centres. Today

summer activities are of a much more recreational

nature. Drinking coffee is an uncomplicated way of

combining several attractions; being outdoors, enjoying

pleasant views and the ever present entertainment of

watching people pass by.

Cafe chairs on Asselsestraat in December.

Outdoor serving furniture are of a wide range and

quality. Part of this variety adds to the flavour and

colourfulness of the city, where each cafe gets to

express their specific character. Unfortunately this

also opens for a different interpretion of what quality

is. As such a number of bulky elements have been

introduced, that might be secured for vandalism, but

which do little good for the quality of the public realm.

A different aspect is the tendency of leaving the

furniture outside during all four seasons, well aware

that winter is not really an option for outdoor dining.

These forgotten piles of seating arrangements do little

good for the city during winter and detracts from the

overall experience of a nice city, as squares and streets

are turned into meer storage facilities.Poor quality furniture in front of Stadhuis.Oversized commercial parasols of poor quality in Caterplein.

Light array of moveable chairs and tables.



0 100 200 300 400 500

• Not surprisingly, the privatisation of public space is most

evident in the areas with the highest activity levels (bars,

restaurants) mainly found in Caterplein, Raadhuisplein and

in Leienplein.

• The congregation of these privatised areas represent

severe obstacles in the pedestrian landscape.

• The privatised areas often contribute to a visual

pollution, given that there are no common rules for visual

appearance and that shop owners are reluctant to put

much money into something they might be asked to

remove again.

Privatised public space

Informal terrace seating in public space

Fenced off terrace seating in public space

Major terrace squares (almost totally privatised !)

Privatised public spacesource: observations july 2009

Unfortunate addition to a beautiful building in Caterplein.



Lack of landmark buildings along Hoofdstraat

Hoofdstraat is THE most important street in Apeldoorn

in terms of number of visitors, both during the week but

especially during the weekend.

As such Hoofdstraat holds a quite significant position and

should reflect this in the general layout, the furniture, the

paving and the buildings along. Of special significance are

the buildings that form gateways in and out of Hoofdstraat

as well as the buildings that communicate the starting

point (Caterplein) and the point where Hoofdstraat curves.

These buildings are landmarks and can be seen from afar.

As such these buildings should be of the same scale as

the surrounding city, but hold a special high quality in their

design.

Rather insignificant building at Caterplein. Starting point of Hoofdstraat. Where Hoofdstraat curves, this rather unfortunate building can be found. The scale is wrong and nothing positive can be said for the design.



Public space that has sun all year around(based on shortest day 21/12 14.00 analysis)

Microclimate: Sunsource: shadow analysis 3D model innercity, afdeling RI

0 100 200 300 400 500

Public space that has sun all year around(based on shortest day 21/12 14.00 analysis)

Microclimate: Sunsource: shadow analysis 3D model innercity, afdeling RI

• Many sunlit places in the city centre, due to the low

buildings.

• No sun along Hoofdstraat. Sunlit places along the main

street.

• No direct links between the sunlit places and the

placement of benches.

• Sunny spots are not celebrated with extra attention or

facilities such as public benches.

Microclimate: Sun

A sunny corner on Stationdwarsstraat.



Climate factors public space: windsource: observations july 2009

Fast high wind areascircular winds from highrise buildings that makes adjecent public place uncomfortable to be in

0 100 200 300 400 500

Climate factors public space: windsource: observations july 2009

Fast high wind areascircular winds from highrise buildings that makes adjecent public place uncomfortable to be in

Microclimate: Wind

• Three buildings are causing disadvantage to surrounding

public space.

• One of the problems with high buildings is the micro-

climatic conditions created at the base.

• When strong winds meet a tall free-standing building

turbulence and fast down winds will sweep the nearby

streets in unpredictable ways.

• Fast winds lower the temperature of streets and public

spaces, minimising the comfort for people walking or

staying nearby and effectively preventing public life.

• Additionally, high-rise casts long shadows limiting the

recreational values of city streets and squares.

Conflicts with public life

One of the problems with high buildings is the micro-

climatic conditions created at the base. When strong

winds meet a tall free-standing building turbulence

and fast down winds will sweep the nearby streets in

unpredictable ways. Fast winds lower the temperature

of streets and public spaces, minimising the comfort

for people walking or staying nearby and effectively

preventing public life. Additionally, high-rise casts long

shadows limiting the recreational values of city streets

and squares.

However grand it may appear as both skyline and from

within its apartments or offices, poorly placed and

designed high-rise buildings can render public space

useless as a place for public life activities. The inevitable

result is public space with an absence of public life.



A ACTIVE• Small units, many doors. (15-20 units per 100 m)• Diversity of functions.• No closed or passive units.• Interesting relief in frontages.• Quality materials and refined details.

C 'SOMEWHERE IN-BETWEEN'• Mixture of small and larger units. (6-10 units per 100 m)• Some diversity of functions.• Only a few closed or passive units.• Uninteresting design of frontages.• Somewhat poor detailing.

E INACTIVE• Large units with few or no doors.• No visible variation of function.• Closed and passive frontages.• Monotonous frontages.• No details, nothing interesting to look at.

B PLEASANT• Relatively small units. (10-14 units per 100 m)• Some diversity of functions.• Only a few closed or passive units.• Some relief in the frontages.• Relatively good detailing.

D DULL• Larger units with few doors. (2-5 units per 100 m)• Little diversity of functions.• Many closed units.• Predominantly unattractive frontages.• Few or no details.

Quality of ground floor frontages



E INACTIVE• Large units with few or no doors.• No visible variation of function.• Closed and passive frontages.• Monotonous frontages.• No details, nothing interesting to look at.

Quality of ground floor frontages

Inactive Ground Floor Frontages

• The culture/entertainment area has closed ground floor frontages.

• Most of Marktplein has closed frontages .

• The station quarter and the south portion of Nieuwstraat have many closed and

passive frontages that make those areas feel unsafe.

• Buildings in these areas are often large scale with over-sized, closed and passive

ground floor frontages that make it impossible for people to interact at street level.

Active Ground Floor Frontages

• Active frontages are primarily found in the retail heart on Hoofdstraat (and side

streets) and on Asselsestraat.

Dull- larger units with few doors- little diversity of functions- many closed units- predominantly unattractive frontages- dew or no details

Inactive- large units with few or no doors- no visible variation of function- closed and passive frontages- monotonous frontages- no details, nothing interesting to look at

Dull- larger units with few doors- little diversity of functions- many closed units- predominantly unattractive frontages- dew or no details

Inactive- large units with few or no doors- no visible variation of function- closed and passive frontages- monotonous frontages- no details, nothing interesting to look at

Active- small units, many doors- diversity of functions- no closed or passive units- interesting relief in frontages- quality materials and refined details

Pleasant- relatively small units- some diversity in functions- only a few closed or passive units- some relief in the frontages- relatively good detailling

Active- small units, many doors- diversity of functions- no closed or passive units- interesting relief in frontages- quality materials and refined details

Pleasant- relatively small units- some diversity in functions- only a few closed or passive units- some relief in the frontages- relatively good detailling



Potentials• Traffic calmed inner city core.

• Parking structures are situated in the periphery of the inner city.

• A good public transport network.

• Close links between the public transport network and the pedestrian

network.

• A compact city with a high level of cycling traffic.

• Short distances to key destinations.

• Low city with a human scale.

• Good climatic conditions for cycling.

• A fine network of cycle routes linking the city centre with the

surrounding areas.

• A whole range of bike parking facilities placed close to main cycling

routes.


Challenges• Close missing links in the overall traffic structure.

• Mitigate very wide traffic streets with oversized

junctions outside the inner city core.

• Address noise problems along heavy trafficked streets.

• Address problems caused by the centrally located

parking structures that create extra traffic in the areas

adjacent to the inner city core.

• Improve bicycle parking at "hot spots" for unorganized

parking.


Analysis People first, cars second

Loolaan:

in: 4.438 veh.

out: 4.838 veh.

Deventerstraat:in: 8.849 veh.out: 11.693 veh.

Wapenrustlaan

in: 8.503 veh.

out: 10.408 veh.

Matenpoort

in: 7.692 veh.

out: 8.183 veh.

Koning Stadhouderlaan:

in: 10.132 veh.out: 10.317 veh.

PWA laan:

in: 4.175 veh.

out: 3.942 veh.

Asselse straat

in: 2568 veh.

out: 2028veh.

Sprengenweg:

in: 3.982 veh.

out: 5.409veh.

Kayersdijk:

in: 9.804 veh.

out: 6.971 veh.20-25.000

20-25.000

15-20.000

5-10.000

5-10.000

P

P

P

P

P• Heavily trafficked roads are surrounding the city centre,

especially to the west and the south.

• These traffic corridors are either borders that need need to

be crossed to reach the city centre or passages that also

softer transport modes, cyclists and pedestrians, need to

travel along.

• In the city ring road is a number of major intersections

where main traffic arteries meet. The intersection at Grote

Kerk is such an example, where the intersection is even

more complicated by the addition of a couple of minor side

streets that are allowed direct access to the intersection.

• There are a number of roads and intersections that appear

over-scaled in relation to the actual amount of traffic they

carry, e.g. Prins Willem Alexanderlaan. This relates to the

demand for a high service level for all transport modes and

the unwillingness to restrict and simplify vehicular traffic

also in the inner city periphery.

Through traffic

Through traffic in city centre ( in 24 hr)source: mobility model, afdeling mobiliteit 2008

< 1000 motorvehicles

1000 - 5000 motorvehicles

5000 - 10.000 motorvehicles

10.000 - 15.000 motorvehicles




> 30.000 motoverhicles




















People first, cars second Analysis

Major traffic intersection in front of Grote Kerk having a substantial deteriorating effect on the surroundings and especially the church.



53 dB(a)58 dB(a)63 dB(a)68 dB(a)

Climate: traffic noise source: statistics Kadaster en dienst RI 2008Railway line:53 dB(a) contour58 dB(a) contour63 dB(a) contour68 dB(a) contour

Car traffic:less than 48 dB(a): areas behind buildings or away from traffic where traffic noise is not present 48 - 63 dB(a): a normal urban environment where traffic noise is present but not a disturbing factor

63 + dB(a): a stessful traffic dominated environment where traffic noise becomes a disturbing factor










• Severe noise problems for residents, pedestrians

and cyclists along: Wilhemina Drucker Straat /

Vosselmanstraat.

• Also noise problems along Deventerstraat, straight past

the town hall.

Traffic noise



Fountain Oranjeparkworks as major noisebarrier for traffic noise and replaces it with a pleasant

sound which make even the edges of the park ‘traffic noise free’

Grass curves BeekparkLandscaped grass curves work as soundbarriers and position the trafffic noise mentally outside the park

Fountain MarktpleinFountain sound ‘fills’ part of the space. The sound of water adds a postive audial experience in this space.

Sound: percieved positive and negative influence of sound source: observations august 2009

Streets and spots where traffic noise is percieved as ‘dominating’ and negative.

Streets and spots where traffic noise is percieved as ‘present’ but without being negative.

0 100 200 300 400 500

Fountain Oranjeparkworks as major noisebarrier for traffic noise and replaces it with a pleasant

sound which make even the edges of the park ‘traffic noise free’

Grass curves BeekparkLandscaped grass curves work as soundbarriers and position the trafffic noise mentally outside the park

Fountain MarktpleinFountain sound ‘fills’ part of the space. The sound of water adds a postive audial experience in this space.

Sound: percieved positive and negative influence of sound source: observations august 2009

Streets and spots where traffic noise is percieved as ‘dominating’ and negative.

Streets and spots where traffic noise is percieved as ‘present’ but without being negative.

Percieved noise

• Several installations have been made to downscale the

impact of traffic noise

• No installations along the heavily trafficked roads

like Deventerstraat, Stationsstraat and Kalverstraat /

Molenstraat

Hofstraat is a street where traffic noise is perceived as

'present' but without being negative.

Example:



P

P

P

PP

bus

Total number of (marked) parking places: 4.455

in parking garages: 2.450 (55 %)along streets: 718 (16 %)in public squares: 434 (10 %)in innercourts: 853 (19 %)

sites of private outdoor parking spaces (not free use for public)

sites of non marked parking in streets (within residential zoning): minor numbers: not counted

sites of temporary (illegal?) parking on derelict terrains

Parking in relation to traffic flows and volumes

P







P







P

4.455

3.750

2.700

9.000

Odense Copenhagen RotterdamApeldoorn

0 100 200 300 400 500

• A total of 4.455 parking spaces, which is a high number for

a city this size!

• 2.450 in parking structures and 2.005 on streets and on

squares

• Streets along the Kanaal and around Oranjepark are used

for parking. Probably the most misplaced parking in all

of the city centre where the on street parking spaces

seriously downgrade the general experiences of walking

along and enjoying the beautiful green and blue amenities

of Apeldoorn.

Comparison: Total parking

Parking



Loolaan:

in: 4.438 veh.

out: 4.838 veh.

Deventerstraat:in: 8.849 veh.out: 11.693 veh.

Wapenrustlaan

in: 8.503 veh.

out: 10.408 veh.

Matenpoort

in: 7.692 veh.

out: 8.183 veh.

Koning Stadhouderlaan:

in: 10.132 veh.out: 10.317 veh.

PWA laan:

in: 4.175 veh.

out: 3.942 veh.

Asselse straat

in: 2568 veh.

out: 2028veh.

Sprengenweg:

in: 3.982 veh.

out: 5.409veh.

Kayersdijk:

in: 9.804 veh.

out: 6.971 veh.

20-25.000

20-25.000

15-20.000

5-10.000

5-10.000

P

P

P

P

P







P

PP

P

P

P

P PP

PP

P P P

Parking and traffic volumes

• Apeldoorn has a very high number of parking

spaces in the city centre offering good

conditions for cars but also increasing the

problem of traffic in the city centre.

• Parking structures are placed at the periphery

and inside the inner city core. Especially

the parking structures in the shopping mall

'Oranjerie' attracts a high level of traffic.

Comparison:

Rotterdam Parking structures in the inner city.



Cycle network

• Well developed cycle network.

• Quality issues with some routes.

Cycle traffic

• Cycling is a desirable transport mode.

• Relatively heavily cycling traffic going in/out the city centre from the south and

the east.

Dedicated bicycle tracks & Main cycling routes

Main cycling routes source: bicycle counts 2008

1000 - 2500 bicycles / 24 hr

2500 - 5000 bicycles / 24 hr

5000 -- 7000 bicycles / 24 hr

7000 - 10.000 bicycles / 24 hr

> 10.000 bicyles / 24 hr

Dedicated bicyle trackssource: observations july 2009

Track: Raised / separated Bicycle

Lane: (colour)marked lane combined with cars.

Signposted cycling routes within the pedestrian area (no special tracks)

Main cycling routes source: bicycle counts 2008

1000 - 2500 bicycles / 24 hr

2500 - 5000 bicycles / 24 hr

5000 -- 7000 bicycles / 24 hr

7000 - 10.000 bicycles / 24 hr

> 10.000 bicyles / 24 hr

Dedicated bicyle trackssource: observations july 2009

Track: Raised / separated Bicycle

Lane: (colour)marked lane combined with cars.

Signposted cycling routes within the pedestrian area (no special tracks)



Odense

Rotterdam

Copenhagen

Apeldoorn

19%

29%

31%

22%

31%

28%

36%

19%

26%

19%

37%

4%

47 %

5 %

48 %(includes pedestrians)

Comparison: Model split

Cycling

• Apeldoorn has an impressive modal split with

a very high level of bicyclists. Compared to

Rotterdam Apeldoorn has doubled its cycling

population.

• Many initiatives have been made to maintain and

even expand this number. These initiatives need

to be supported as the large cycling population in

Apeldoorn form the basis for a traffic calmed city

centre, with ample space for people activities.Stationsplein south

Zwolseweg

Odense

Rotterdam

Copenhagen

Apeldoorn

19%

29%

31%

22%

31%

28%

36%

19%

26%

19%

37%

4%

47 %

5 %

48 %(includes pedestrians)



1800800

500

180

700

Bicycle parking facilities and main cycling routes

Main cycling routes / volumes(source: bicycle counts 2008)

1000 - 2500 bicycles / 24 hr

2500 - 5000 bicycles / 24 hr

5000 -- 7000 bicycles / 24 hr

7000 - 10.000 bicycles / 24 hr

> 10.000 bicyles / 24 hr

Bicycle parking facilitiessource: observations july 2009

indoor parkingfacility (free): 3980 (74%)For the indoor facilities, 600.000 bikes parked per year (source: analyse bezetting Felua 2008)

bike standards in public space: 1388 (26%)

1- 9 bikes

10-19 bikes

20 + bikes


1000 - 2500 bicycles / 24 hr

2500 - 5000 bicycles / 24 hr

5000 -- 7000 bicycles / 24 hr

7000 - 10.000 bicycles / 24 hr

> 10.000 bicyles / 24 hr




1- 9 bikes

10-19 bikes

20 + bikes

0 100 200 300 400 500

• Substantial supply of bicycle parking facilities

• Several with indoor bicycle parking facilities

• Strong links between the cycle network and the placement

of parking facilities

Bicycle parking on Kanaalstraat

Example:



Unorganised bicycle parking during daytimesource: observations july 2009

1-10 bikes

more than 10 bikes


1000 - 2500 bicycles / 24 hr

2500 - 5000 bicycles / 24 hr

5000 -- 7000 bicycles / 24 hr

7000 - 10.000 bicycles / 24 hr

> 10.000 bicyles / 24 hr




1- 9 bikes

10-19 bikes

20 + bikes


1000 - 2500 bicycles / 24 hr

2500 - 5000 bicycles / 24 hr

5000 -- 7000 bicycles / 24 hr

7000 - 10.000 bicycles / 24 hr

> 10.000 bicyles / 24 hr

Unorganised bicycle parking

• Although a substantial number of parking facilities have

been put in place there are still problems with unorganised

parking.

• Hot spots are mainly located close to Raadhuisplein and in

the southern part of Hoofdstraat, where the most people

access the pedestrian network.

Example:

Unorganised bicycle parking on Deventerstraat.

0 100 200 300 400 500



• Close links between public transport and the pedestrian

network

• Public transport has been developed to form a star shaped

network of closely interlinked timetables. This secures that

the possibilities for interchange are good and that the city

is free of buses the majority of the time.

• When the bus interchange do happen, streets tend to be

heavily congested and to be relieved after a short time

span.

Example:

The star shaped network.

Public transport

Main pedestrian routessource: observations and interpretation team 2009

main walking routes



Public transport

bus routes

bus stops

main bus- / trainstation

Main pedestrian routessource: observations and interpretation team 2009

main walking routes



Public transport

bus routes

bus stops

main bus- / trainstation

0 100 200 300 400 500

83Public Spaces Public Life Apeldoorn 2009 83

€

Overview of recommendations

1Ensure a city centre that capitalises on its wonderful amenities 2

3


4Ensure an upgraded public space network


Ensure a city centre that is liveable and viable


1Ensure a city centre that capitalises on its wonderful amenities

Make the most out of Apeldoorn´s unique setting by

improving the connections to the amenities.

Respect and cherish the heritage buildings

Maintain a human scale city

Develop strong links between the city centre and

the surrounding landscapes

Create a green ring around the inner city

Develop a network of green boulevards

Celebrate the parks

'Greening the desert'

Integrate the Kanaal with the city

Celebrate the streams

'Irrigating the desert'


1Ensure a city centre that capitalises on its amenities

Built characterRespect and cherish the heritage buildingsProtection of the city centre's few historical buildings and features is an essential priority. This

contributes substantially to the city's special character and provides a characteristic context

for new developments. The heritage buildings represent valuable assets not only as historic

reminders and beautiful landmarks, but also as potential buildings for attracting alternative

business to the city. Further the historic buildings make out the unique urban fabric of

Apeldoorn, that should be maintained.

• Maintain the historical, low rise city, and make sure that new areas obtain similar qualities.

Protect, develop and refine the qualities which already exist.

• Emphasise the historical and architectural heritage. Study and publish what is the essence

of the Apeldoorn city plan, the city quarters, the streets and squares, and the buildings.

Communicate the uniqueness of Apeldoorn to the wider public.

• Develop guidelines for successful integration between new developments and heritage

buildings.

• Ensure that the heritage buildings individual qualities are reflected in ground floors and

that there is a clear architecturally designed link between the ground floor and the building

above.

• Develop a sign policy for commercial buildings to avoid low quality commercial signage

causing detriment to the building and the surrounding streetscape.

• Investigate how e.g. post industrial heritage buildings can offer low cost opportunities for

creative businesses and act as drivers in new developments.

Maintain a human scale city• Ensure that new public spaces are created in a human scale and are integrating with the

existing network of streets and squares.

• Control building heights and protect the micro-climatic conditions in streets and squares.

Identify areas where high rise is acceptable outside the city centre and introduce a height

limit for buildings in the city centre, to avoid conflicts with the micro-climate in central public

spaces and to preserve the urban form.

• Develop planning controls for the inner city area to maintain the present average building

height of maximum 5 storeys with a general height of 3 or 4 storeys.

• Identify areas outside the inner city area where high rise can be built without causing

detriment to public space at ground floor level.

Recommendations Ensure a city centre that capitalises on its amenities

Increase density and ensure that there are no /few "missing teeth". Develop a collected plan for the city centre identifying blank spots /determined or potential development sites. Develop a framework that future buildings and spaces should fit into. (Building heights, materials, functions etc.)Use events as the triënnale to add focus to these future development sites and to enable a public discussion of future uses.

Older buildings often have a more comfortable human scale that invite relaxed and sociable uses. New Road, Brighton

A low rise city offers excellent opportunities for enjoying the positive aspects of the climate, even in early spring. Copenhagen

87Public Spaces Public Life Apeldoorn 2009

Green characterDevelop strong links between the city centre and the surrounding landscapes• Make the most of the unique location of Apeldoorn close to vast landscapes, which is

something special in a Dutch context.

• Develop a network of clearly identifiable, recreational cycling and walking routes that link the

city centre with the river IJssel and the Nationalpark De Hoge Veluwe.

• Ensure that these routes link straight into the city centre and are followed by recognisable

elements, that may be interactive or offer various treats. The routes need to raise awareness

of the closeness to the natural reserves and invite people to make use of them.

• Create a nature centre in the city centre, linked to the recreational routes, which cater for

tours to the landscapes and tell the story of the landscapes, the plants and the wildlife to

visitors through exhibitions, a bookstore, interactive medias and educational services to

schools and groups. The concept could be broadened to enclose landscape and cultural

history as well.

Create a green ring around the inner city• Identify the extent of the inner city area by identifying "border-streets" or connections

(southern edge) between the inner city centre and its surroundings.

• Develop a clearly defined green ring around the city centre to identify where the city centre

ends and begins by distinguished street tree planting. Preferably the same type of trees.

Existing, significant trees should be kept. At certain points the green ring may overlap the

existing ring road.

• Ensure that the green ring clearly marks the entry points to the city centre, possibly by being

supplemented by other planting, paving, lighting, artwork or other. Often entry points would

be traffic intersections.

• The traffic layout along the green ring, should include a high quality environment for

pedestrians and cyclists, as well as including public transport and vehicular traffic. The street

layout and the intersections along should clearly indicate city streets and not urban highway.

• Areas inside this green ring need to reflect an inner city character and public space, in terms

of streets, squares and parks, would need special attention to be recognised as city streets

etc.

• The green ring indicates that attention is needed in terms of densification and investment in

public space primarily inside the ring. The ring also indicates to what degree the inner city

heart should be expanded.

Ensure a city centre that capitalises on its amenities Recommendations

A connected green network needs a signage program which ensures easy wayfinding. Odense

Recreational cycling and walking routes.Prags Boulevard, Copenhagen

Create a green ring around the city centre. This is to be understood primarily as a visual border and not a functional border or a ring road. Marking the border between the centre and the surrounding areas with a continued line of street trees.

Establish green routes connecting the city centre with surrounding nature. Austria


Develop a network of green boulevards• Identify key streets that lead to the city centre and the green ring, e.g. Loolaan.

• Develop a boulevard strategy for turning these key streets into clearly identifiable

boulevards offering good conditions for walking and cycling as well as including public

transport and vehicular traffic. (see map on opposite page for selection of streets).

• Introduce street trees and preferably a green median on the boulevards.

• Ensure good condtions for crossing the boulevards on foot and on bicycle.

Celebrate the parks • Create clearly visible walking and cycling links to the city parks - Beekpark, Brinkpark, and

Oranjepark. But also links to Wilheminapark and Marialust.

• Ensure that the parks are part of the city's event program.

• Create distinctive parks clearly different from each other, offering multiple choices for use.

(see more in recommendations, chapter 4).

'Greening the desert'• Supplement the general street tree strategy by a flexible planting strategy, introducing

temporary greenery in selected spots, e.g. Leienplein.

• Use different types and species to create individual identities for different streets and areas.

• Use temporary greenery to support festivals or other public life programs.

• Combine the temporary greenery with artwork and let 'green artists' play with the various

elements.

• Introduce 'green streets' in selected spots. Green streets deal with storm water treatment

as in e.g. Portland, USA.


Movable greenery can also be used as elements to define the use of the street. Place de la Bourse, Lyon

Trees in the boulevard frame the pedestrian zone. Frederiksberg Allé, Copenhagen


Moveable tree planters designed for specific seasonal locations.ACEC HOF, Apeldoorn

Green bicycle parking.BBC White City, London

Movable flower exhibitions add sensory experiences.Herald Square, Sydney


Deventerstraat

Laan Van De Mensenrechten

Asselsestraat

Sprengeweg

Prins W

illem

Alexanderlaa

n

Loolaan

Vosselmanstraat

Konig Stadhouderlaan

Wilhelm

ina Druckerstraat

Burg.Jhr. Q

uarles Van Uffordln


'Green Streets', recycling and filtrating water in the city

Rain water from roofs and storm water from

streets and passages can either be cleaned before

discharging into the Kanaal, or be reused in the city.

Structures for collecting water add interest to the

streetscape and allow people to notice how much

water falls, where it goes, and how clean it is. Other

benefits of water recycling include habitat and water

quality improvements in the Kanaal, and reductions in

water treatment and supply costs.

Street-side filtration cells are a simple and unobtrusive way to add green to the streets. SW 12th Street in Portland, Oregon Photo by Kevin Robert Perry

Filtering storm water. Simple approaches to slowing or delaying storm water run off make pockets of green in the streets, and have multiple benefits for water quality and municipal water infrastructure.Siskyou Street, Portland, Oregon

Strengthen the green identity of Apeldoorn by introducing a green ring that clearly communicates the extent of the city centre, and a network of green boulevards that lead into the surrounding parts of Apeldoorn.

Green ring

Green city boulevards

Green route

Parks

Greening the dessert(Suggested points)

Nature centre(suggested function and location)



Blue character

Create squares and direct access to the water and give people opportunity to touch the water. Århus

Activities on the water. Havneparken, Copenhagen

Model ships in Tuillerie Gardens. Paris


Integrate the Kanaal with the city• Create a strong physical and mental link between the city and the Kanaal by extending the

renewed Hofstraat street layout to include Kanaalstraat (east-west running part). (see idea-

collage on the opposite page)

• Ensure that new developments along the Kanaal are well integrated in the general urban

fabric and do not offer solely a front side to the Kanaal, but also adresses the hinterland.

• Set up a walking and cycling promenade /path along the Kanaal to link with surrounding

landscapes. Ensure public access along the Kanaal.

• Ensure interesting experiences and public functions along the waterfront for all user groups,

visitors and locals. Intensify this where Hofstraat /Kanaalstraat runs to the Kanaal. Activities

and functions along the waterfront should be a supplement to the already existing offers in

Apeldoorn.

• Improve links between the city and the water physically and visually by identifying the

streets that lead to the Kanaal. Create interesting end points for these streets at the water,

like bridges, artwork, cafés or recreational facilities.

• Identify the most central section of the Kanaal, between Deventerstraat and Kanaalstraat

and intensify the use of this strip:

• a. by programming ground floors with shops, cafés, restaurants, canoe hire etc.

• b. by adding pavillons where needed to add extra floor space for public functions

• c. by developing programs for the promenade along the water; Programs like recreation, art

walks, sculpture walks, art work / lighting, water zoo, playgrounds, fitness, dog training, city

beach etc.

• The Kanaal and its immediate surroundings should have something to offer on various times

of the day and year.

• Introduce activities on the water: city beach, sailing with canoes / kayaks and model ships,

fishing from pontons in the water, events on the water etc.

• Develop a unique design profile for the Kanaal to strengthen the character and to make the

Kanaal environments stand out as something special and something recognisable. This

design profile can cover the paving, the landscaping, the furniture, the lighting, the artwork

and the signage program.



BeforeVision Kanaalstraat


Celebrate the Streams• Install the Hofstraat /Beurtwaartstraat scheme in its full length as a wonderful addition to

the city.

• Support the existing stream strategy to ensure that the collected system of old and historic

streams in Apeldoorn are reflected visually in streets and squares.

• Develop new ways of signalising the old streams through artwork, lighting, artificial

streams, fountains etc.

• Use 'green streets', filtering storm water, as ways of signalising where the streams used to

be.

'Irrigating the desert'• Celebrate the water through the integration of water features in the public realm in selected

streets, squares and parks.

• Create a 'Blue Plan' pointing out key locations and connections to be celebrated.

• Introduce artistic water elements (water acupuncture) in the city, stressing the city centre

as a canal district.

• Utilise water from the Kanaal and the Streams when possible.

• Celebrate views to and from the Kanaal.

• Offer playful water elements that kids can engage with.

• Introduce humerous water elements that engage with the wider public.

• Introduce larger water installations where traffic noise should be muffled, e.g. Prins Willem-

Alexanderlaan /Brinkpark, where the Kanaal meets larger traffic roads /Deventerstraat /

Centrum /Molenstraat and in Vosselmanstraat /Beekpark.

• Use water in its various shapes - mist, fog, ponds, stream, waterfall, frozen state (at

wintertime) etc.


Water jets offering fun for everybody. Place de Terreaux, Lyon

A simple water feature creates a quiet retreat.Thorvaldsens Plads, Copenhagen

Playfull, tranquil and sensuous water elements. Water elements integrated in the pavement. Varde Torv



Deventerstraat

Prins W

illiam Alex

anderla

an

Asselsestraat

Loolaan

Regentesselaan

Poolstraat

Molenstraat Centrum

Kanaalstr

aat

Havenw

eg

Wiepkingstraat

Celebrate the Streams -also without digging them up!

Imitation and memory of water; paving stones with light. Holmbladsgade, Copenhagen

Mist from the many jets of water sparks the imagination, especially for children. Solbjerg Plads, Copenhagen

Art installation in the pavement telling the story of a historic stream. Sydney


Let the paving tell stories.New York

Create a strong physical and mental link between the city and the Kanaal by integrating the Kanaal with the city and by celebrating the Streams

Interpretational elements, "the stream"

Kanaal walk

Irrigating the desert

Important links to the water

Main activity point for Kanaal promenade

Active edges along the Kanaal promenade


2Ensure an even better city for walking

Expand the city heart

Celebrate the laneways

Invite more people to walk in the city centre by

offering an interesting, safe and comfortable

pedestrian environment


2Expand the city heart• Expand the central city area to include more than Hoofdstraat and nearby side streets.

• Include Marktstraat as an important part of the pedestrian circuit system.

• Include Nieuwstraat as a new spine for pedestrian movement offering off-load for

pedestrian traffic along Hoofdstraat and supporting Hoofdstraat with cafés, restaurants,

public functions and cultural institutions.

• Investigate the possibility of making Nieuwstraat a pedestrian priority street for slow

moving errand vehicular traffic, cyclists, pedestrians and the two present bus lines. Avoid

the possibility of vehicular traffic being able to drive straight from north to south (or vice

versa) along Nieuwstraat.

• Develop a versatile pedestrian network in the inner city offering a variety of street types,

pedestrian streets, pedestrian priority streets and city streets.

• Develop a pedestrian network of high quality and attractive walking links, (visually and

functionally) - Roll out the red carpet! Ensure that people are aware when they reach streets

in the inner city. Make the difference apparent by raising the quality level and by using a

significant palette of materials, e.g. Stationstraat or Hofstraat.

• Ensure attractive walking links to public transport and major parking facilities.

• Create direct and attractive walking links to the surrounding city along green city boulevards.

Link these straight into the city pedestrian network.

• Downscale major trafic structures, roads and intersections, to accomodate for the

pedestrian scale. Introduce measures to muffle traffic noise and to lower emissions, where

most needed in connection with the pedestrian network.

• Ensure that there are seating options and possibilities for pauses along main walking

routes. Ensure that benches are placed in attractive environment with good views and best

possible options to enjoy the climate.

• Ensure that the main walking routes are sufficiently lit at night.

• Develop a policy for ground floor frontages, indicating that the attractivity of ground floor

frontages should follow the pedestrian network.

• Ensure that ground floors of new buildings are carefully designed to a human scale

environment and add quality to the pedestrian landscape in terms of interesting, active

frontages with small units.

• Develop annual competitions with price for best commercial ground floor frontages

renovation according to guidelines.


The one levelled pavement on the pedestrian priority street is divided into patterns defining the different zones for movement and for recreational purposes. Strædet, Copenhagen

A homogeneous paving unifies the street and indicates a high level of shared space. New Road, Brighton

Pedestrian streets are distinct gathering points for a number of people, both locals and visitors. Strøget, Copenhagen

Recommendations Ensure an even better city for walking


Oranjepark

Cinema

Train and bus station

Stationsplein

Kanaal

LibraryGigant

Raadhuisplein

Museum

Caterplein

Beekpark

Brinkpark

Marktplein

Townhall

Theatre Orpheus

The future pedestrian network should include the main streets and squares and connect the most important destinations

Active and well lit frontages - also at night. Copenhagen

Attractive retail units - many units, many doors, high level of transparency etc. Melbourne

Ensure an even better city for walking Recommendations

Let the activities indoors activate the street life outdoors. London

Primary walking links (The expanded heart)

Primary walking links to surrounding city

Passages

Recreative walking links

Main destinations

Ensure that all streets present themselves as city streets by a defined street layout. Urban highways are unacceptable in the city centre. Reduce street widths and add pedestrian /cyclist amenities in terms of proper footpaths /cycle paths, lighting, benches, planting etc. Ensure active and friendly frontages along especially main routes leading to areas outside the centre.


A lively passage with shops, bars and restaurants. Melbourne

Experiences in the pedestrian network. A passage with a small hidden courtyard with shops and restaurants. Christchurch

Passage with playful lighting. Brighton

Celebrate the passages• Identify all passages in the inner city area. Create a set of quality criterias for evaluating

these passages looking at connectivity, placement in pedestrian network in terms of

hierarchy, experiences on the way (hidden courtyards or other surprises), beautiful buildings

on the sides, dimensions related to human scale.

• Create a passage strategy looking at different types of passages and how these can be

treated differently. Part of the strategy should also indicate some kind of hierarchy in

implementation.

2Ensure an even better city for walking

Recommendations Ensure an even better city for walking

'Hidden' courtyard provides recreative surprises in the pedestrian network. Brandts Passage, Odense


Vision Nieuwstraat Before



Make the public life more vibrant and the city more

diverse by offering a wider range of activities and

destinations for all user groups.

Work towards a multifunctional city centre

Create a diverse and lively city centre

Invite all user groups

€



Work towards a multifunctional city centre• Ensure a wide mix of functions in the enlarged city heart.

• Encourage a better distribution of functions in the city. Break up mono-functional areas

by encouraging mixed use. Strive for a mixture of functions within the block and within a

particular area. Identify a zone, consisting of certain key streets, where multi-functionality

is especially important.

• Develop a policy for minimum requirements regarding mixed use.

• Make use of derelict buildings for alternative, creative uses at low rents.

• Create an extrovert cultural district where the functions inside buildings spill out into the

public realm. Invite the various cultural institutions to make use of squares, parks and

streets for displaying the work that they are doing, e.g. outdoor library in Beekpark, artwalk

along the Kanaal.

• Use festivals, as the Triënnale, to test ideas before making them permanent.

Create a diverse and lively city centre • Create a 24 hour city where activities overlap through the day, week and year, inviting many

different user groups to enjoy the city centre.

• Provide public transport that supports a 24 hour city by increased peak hours in the evening

and by extended weekend services.

• Encourage the use of Hoofdstraat, Stationsplein, Raadhuisplein, Oranjepark, Brinkpark,

Beekpark and the Kanaal all year round.

• Reconquer Marktplein as a city square. Define a certain area towards Stationstraat that can

be used by the market and free up some space for other uses towards the Stadhuis. Ensure

a constant high quality of the market.

• Develop special winter squares; place the city´s outdoor iceskate rink and new year

celebrations on Marktplein and let the city´s christmas tree and christmas market occupy

Raadhuisplein.

Invite all user groups• Create invitations for all user groups.

• Improve conditions for children. Select a few, centrally located, play environments across

the city centre, enlarge and upgrade them.

• Develop more invitations for the elderly. Invite coffée clubs, petanque courts, knitting clubs,

stamp collectors club, club for the physical active elderly to locate at ground floors in central

streets where they are visible.

€

Encourage ground floor uses with long opening hours along main links. Malmoe

Create more activities and dedicated spaces for families and children in the city centre. Provide more playful city elements. Bryant Park, New York

Playgrounds may have high sculptural value and thereby add quality to the city as well as providing play space. Sappora

Recommendations Ensure a city centre that is liveable and viable


Deventerstraat

Prins W

illiam Alexanderlaan

Asselsestraat

Loolaan

Regentesselaan

Molenstraat Centrum

Stationsplein

Areas where a more multifunctional use should be encouraged

Encourage activities for elderly in the city. Provide resting places along main routes and in major public spaces. Sardinia

Activities at the weekends can invite people that typically do not visit the city centre. An active city centre during weekends will increase the feeling of safety. Assens

Ensure an even better city for walking Recommendations

Create invitations for all user groups. Invitations to play petanque on the local square. Islands Brygge Havnepark, Copenhagen

Primary multifunctional spaces

Secondary multifunctional spaces

104 Public Spaces Public Life Apeldoorn 2009

Flexible - optional activities

Fleeting - planned activities

The daily coming and going: to work and school, shopping, picking up children etc. The daily necessary activities become pleasant in beautifulpublic spaces. Public spaces that ensure accessibility for all. Strøget, Copenhagen

The daily waiting for public transport becomes stimulating if the surroundings are comfortable. Swanston Street, Melbourne

... the daily activities often take place on bicycles and a good cycle network will invite more users to choose this form of transport. Nørrebrogade, Copenhagen

Urban recreation: sitting on a bench or take a stroll through the city where the surroundings, the other people, the weather and the window displays etc. can be enjoyed. Strædet, Copenhagen

Social activities: talking to people you meet, spending time together with people you know and enjoying others company. Santiago de Compostella

Physical active recreation: sports, playing, walking your dog etc. Islands Brygge, Copenhagen

Plan for recurrent activities: dancing lessons, market days, sports competitions etc. Activities that are repeated every week, month, year. Strøget, Copenhagen

Plan for events: bigger events that may only occur once. A big concert or festival. Events that encourage many people to participate.Nyhavn, Copenhagen

Plan for activities - for example demonstrations and parades in the public spaces. Nørrebrogade, Copenhagen

Fixed - necessary activities

Introduce a public space hierarchyWith an introduction of a public space hierarchy in Apeldoorn

the character of each public space will be strengthened. A

wider variety of attractions and events can be provided thus

a broader group of residents and visitors can be invited to the

city. It is possible to develop more targeted opportunities for

use, a broader range of uses and user groups, and a higher

degree of variation in layout and design by introducing a

public space hierarchy. (see page 109)

Celebrate the many small and large spaces in the city

centre and clarify the use of the various spaces by giving

them a clear function supported by a unique design profile.

Introduce different kinds of public spaces to accommodate

various activities, some fixed in their use, some flexible

and others more fleeting. Ensure that Apeldoorn has a

variety of spaces which present the best of urban design in

all its different aspects and which have different qualities

attracting different user groups.

Use festivals, as the Triënnale, to test ideas before making them permanent.Develop ideas for temporary use of the Kanaalfront area to

bring the city and the Kanaal together.

Create temporary public spaces with cheap materials and

playful eye-catching designs, invite small businesses on

short-term contracts, introduce a Kanaal festival. Create a

temporary city beach, give concerts by the water and provide

new seating opportunities, possibly outside the traditional

notion of a bench, encouraging stopping, resting and social

interaction. Involve local citizens in initiatives.


Recommendations Ensure a city centre that is liveable and viable


Vision Raadhuisplein Before


4Ensure an upgraded public spacenetwork

Intensify the work for inviting people to the city, not only

to shop and work but also to have fun; and enjoy the city

and fellow citizens. Help people to use the city in new and

different ways.

Strengthen the public space network

Develop versatile public spaces

Improve the visual quality



Streets and public spaces can act as an extension of the city’s museums, galleries, theatres and scenes. Copenhagen

Encourage more and better opportunities for resting and relaxing in the public space network Bryant Park, New York

Evening events can be coordinated with new lighting or temporary light art installations to focus on the city after dark. Glasgow

Strengthen the public space network• Introduce a public space hierarchy of streets, squares and parks, which is connected and

clearly legible. Identify a hierarchy in-between the spaces indicating the importance they

hold in the overall network.

• Upgrade each public space and strengthen their individual character, following a gradual

improvement plan.

• Ensure that the public space network supports the walking network and is part of the

overall expansion of the city heart.

• Cater for public spaces that offer a broad range of activities and opportunities to stay longer

than planned.

• Develop the existing parking courtyards (Hof Marktstraat, Hof Hoofdstraat and Grifthof) as

part of the public space hierarchy.

Develop versatile public spaces• Clarify the use of the various spaces by giving them a clear function supported by a unique

design profile.

• Introduce different kinds of public space to accommodate various activities, some fixed in

their use and others more flexible.

• Ensure that Apeldoorn´s individual public spaces offer many types of activities and invite a

wide range of user groups at the same time. Ensure different functions in adjacent buildings

as well as a varied programming of each space.

• Make better use of Apeldoorn´s public spaces in the evening. Encourage evening use in

areas where people are compelled to go because of parking facilities or public transport,

e.g. Stationsplein and Hoofdstraat, or in areas with functions that could cater for an evening

audience, as e.g. Museum passage and Kanaalstraat.

• Improve the building edges of spaces so they contribute to making the spaces active and

attractive, especially at the Stationsplein, Stations passage, Museum passage and the

Kanaalstraat.

• Create a good balance between commercial staying activities and public seating

possibilities and encourage more and better opportunities for resting and relaxing in the

public space network by providing more public benches for formal seating and places to

rest in squares and along streets at reasonable intervals.

Recommendations Ensure an upgraded public space network


Hof Marktstraat

Marktplein

Kanaal

straat

Hofstraa

t

Museum passage

Raadhuisplein

Grifthof

Stationsplein

Brinkpark

Oranjepark

Beekpark

Stationsdwarsstraat

Hof Hoofdstraat

Hoofdstraat

Caterplein

Leidenplein

Nieuw

straat

Upgrade the public spaces in the city centre and strengthen the individual character by introducing a public space hierarchy

Create characteristic and welcoming public spacesApeldoorn has a good base for becoming an active and

vivacious city. The analysis of the public space and life in

Apeldoorn can be summarized as - the physical structure

is there, but opportunities for a range of activities need

strengthening. The public spaces have an opportunity to

offer a wider range of activities than they do today. The

lay-out of the public spaces should activate and encourage a

wider range of users.

It is important when planning public spaces that the network

of the different users interact with each other and connect.

This will increase the integration – and because activity

attracts more activity the city will become livelier. That

means the possibility of sitting and enjoying a cup of coffee

is combined with a space where children can play, sports

activities with many young people can be coordinated with

activities for physically active elderly people, recreational

opportunities exist along with daily comings and goings.

The public spaces of Apeldoorn are in general tired in their

layout and design. There is a need for a breath of fresh

air in terms of an upgraded design profile and some more

characteristic and strong design visions. Stationsplein is an

excellent example of a successful turn-around of a public

space, Hofstraat is another example.

Invite for more and different activities for everybody in the city centre. Christchurch

Ensure an upgraded public space network Recommendations

Primary public spaces

Secondary public spaces

Tertiary public spaces

Green public spaces

Main pedestrian links



Vision for Stationsdwarsstraat The city's 'coffee room'

An oasis of water and green in the urban city. An intimate space for small breaks;

a coffee and contemplation. Lots of active shop frontages for snacks, cafes and

takeaways. Water jets create a sensuous atmosphere. The small square should link the

city centre with the station area.

Vision for Kanaalstraat The city's 'nature room'

The pedestrian priority street should function as a strong visual and pedestrian friendly

link between the Kanaal and the city centre. A space with active edges linked to the

rest of the city. A new Nature Centre should be an important element of the new

building. The Nature Centre should cater for tours and tell the story of the landscapes,

the plants and the wildlife to visitors through exhibitions, a bookstore, interactive

medias, educational service to schools or to relax and meet friends over a coffee in

stimulating environments.Facing the street the new building will become an important

player, alloving small units on the ground floor for sushi, coffee, sandwich etc.

Vision for Brinkpark The outdoor ‘living room’

A dignified garden with strong focus on qualities for central city residents. The garden

should be a resting space for stationary and recreational activities for all ages - with

playing facilities for children and comfortable staying opportunities. The water from

the Stream should be sensed in the garden. There should be a prime space for staying

activities with shelter and sun in the afternoon that is furnished with movable chairs

so people can 'occupy the space'. The garden should also invite picnicing on the grass,

grandparents on the benches, outdoor evening courses in dancing, cards, wine tasting

etc.

Vision for Beekpark The city's art and event space

An attractive, dynamic and inviting park. An active meeting space for the cultural

visitors. This park could link into the activities in the nearby CODA as well as the plays

in the Theatre Orpheus. The park should - all year round - be able to cater for different

flexible activities. The City Library could have an 'outdoor reading room'. The things

people choose to do, because the park is inviting as well as the activities people

deliberately plan in the public spaces. A space able to adapt to changing outdoor art

exhibition, choral singing and music, recurrent concerts, theatre and events etc.



Vison for Markstraat – hoek (corner) Beekstraat

The best shopping street

Not ‘just’ a shopping street but with so much more to give. Former historical

buildings are redeveloped as gems in this strongly transformed street. Shops and

other functions such as horeca, residential and leisure functions make this street

interesting to be in 24 h / day and not just during shop hours. The public space itself

provides additional attractions such as play elements, seating under big Apeldoorn

trees, water play along the Grift. The atmosphere is typically Apeldoorn: small

human scale, green, safe and diverse.

Vision for Hof between Hoofdstraat and Marktstraat

The cities green oasis: a hidden treasure

A green, silent oases in the midst of the buzzing network of streets. An enclosed

and intimate space where the old trees are the main focus point supported by

new elements that provide shade, seating and nature experience. Residential

units provide eyes on the street and claim the courtyard as their outdoor living

room. The scale should be intimate, silent and private but welcoming.

Vision for Stat Hoofdstraat – Kanaalstraat

The entrance hall of the city (shopping) centre

The former car street is transformed in a relaxed pedestrian street where only

the city busses pass. The Grift and trees are elaborated and gives character to

this street. Lots of shop frontages from both large stores and small shops creates

a busy atmosphere. The broadness of the street makes it stand out as a major

entrance hall which shows all the city centre has to offer.

Vision for ACEC HOF

The creative courtyard of the cultural quarter

This courtyard breaths the cultural identity of its surrounding. Indoors and

outdoors floats. Sometimes the courtyard is used as outdoor cinema, sometimes

as sculpture garden for the ACEC building and sometimes as stage for concerts.

The public space should be flexible, informal and can differ from the more

classical parts of the city centre.

The City of Apeldoorn has supplemented with further visions for the city centre by fine

descriptions and illustrations of future public spaces.


Improve the visual quality• Develop a paving strategy and toolbox for paving solutions, emphasizing quality paving in

public spaces.

• Develop a catalogue of city designed street furniture and outdoor serving equipment to

generally raise the quality.

• Develop a catalogue of quality urban elements: tables, chairs, umbrellas, sandwich boards

etc. that can be rented or bought from the municipality.

• Introduce limits for the use of commercial elements such as signs, goods on display,

elements on footpaths, advertising boards etc.

• Ensure that kiosks and pavilions are well placed and adds to the visual quality of the public

realm.

• Develop a lighting strategy, extending the quality lighting to the rest of the pedestrian

network and introducing limitations to commercial lighting.

• Develop lighting schemes to emphasize heritage buildings and landmarks.

• Develop a city art programme that investigates use of public spaces in non-commercial

ways.

• Develop an art strategy that marks and interprets the entries to the city centre.



Good detailing is necessary for more people to choose to spend time in spaces. Establish a coherent design manual for furniture and elements. Copenhagen

It is comfortable to sit in the sun on a bench with some protection behind such as a green edge or a wall. Public seating is a simple and convenient wayto make streets more sociable. Organise some of the street furniture as ‘talkscapes’ consisting of either benches or chairs.Union Square, New York & Martin Place Sydney

Introduce a city design profile and develop a design manual for the equipment of streets, squares and parks. This should include a set of standard recommendations for high quality street furniture, paving, signage and planting. Part of the design profile should be an art strategy with an overall strategic focus, looking at inserting art as part of a major collected thinking instead of as random individual pieces.


At intervals the walking experience can be enrichened by artwork, beautiful urban spaces and squares or upgraded passages which add extra quality to the walking experience. Art installation, London

Temporary art in streets and passages creating experiencesBarcelona

Artistic lighting provide unique experiences and can be reasons for people to visit the city and its spaces at night. Copenhagen

Lighting spilling out from entrances to buildings and ground floors gives a sense of activity while reducing dark corners and niches. Jemtelandsgade, Copenhagen

The public realm, streets and spaces should be well lit. Lighting should be directed at pedestrians and of human scale. Solbjerg Plads, Copenhagen

Develop a lighting strategy Develop a lighting strategy to ensure that pedestrian

routes and main public spaces are not only well lit, but

also interestingly lit. Include principles for transparent and

lit street frontages and lighting of entrances to buildings.

Develop strategies for artistic lighting to stage individual

spaces, buildings and areas and to contribute to making the

city centre an exciting and intriguing night time destination.

Invite artists to create light installations that can change the

spaces at night in a playful manner. Work with lighting points

in the pavement or other directional means to indicate key

pedestrian routes or links to nearby destinations.

Extraordinary experiences Let the city centre have that ‘little extra’. Formulate dynamic

strategies for introducing extraordinary experiences and

public art in the city spaces. These experiences may be

permanent or temporary. They may change with the seasons

and create a different atmosphere during the day and night.

They may tell stories in a subtle way. There are many ways

to do this; the sky is the limit! Invite different artists to create

site specific installations, permanent or temporary, to put

focus to certain streets, spaces or areas eg. in the passages,

the Kanaal etc. and engage passers-by.

Develop an art programDevelop a dynamic program for art interventions to create

surprises and exciting experiences in the city environments.

Invite different artists to create site specific installations,

permanent or temporary, to put focus to certain streets,

spaces or areas and engage passers-by. Create a good

balance of permanent and temporary city art. Encourage

playful and interactive elements and introduce artistic lighting

for creating new experiences at night.




Aim for a traffic calmed city centre and thereby

give higher priority to pedestrians and cyclists.

Avoid through traffic in the city centre

Reduce the amount of parking in the city centre

Provide a well integrated public transport

Create an even better city for cycling



Avoid through traffic in the city centre• Cut thoroughfares in the city that invite for driving through the city without having any

errands there, e.g. Kalverstraat, Molenstraat and Stationsstraat.

• Downscale urban highways as e.g. Prins Willem Alexanderlaan and Koning Stadhouderlaan.

These need to be turned into city streets and communicate a relation to the adjacent

buildings and the context they are coming through.

• Simplify the Grote Kerk intersection by closing of some of the minor side streets, leaving

only Loolaan and Kerklaan open for access to the Grote Kerk intersection, which could then

be turned into a quiet roundabout offering much better conditions for a space in front of the

church. This type of problem with the complicated large intersections is part of a citywide

problem.

• Introduce a general speed restriction of 40 km/h within the city centre. Lowered speed

limits and general traffic calming schemes will reinforce the perception of streets being city

streets and not thoroughfares.

Reduce the amount of parking in the city centre• Avoid raising the parking capacity in the heart of the city centre any further. The amount

of parking in any city is tightly linked with the amount of traffic coming to the city. The

more parking - the more traffic. Apeldoorn already has a very high level of parking facilities

compared to similar cities.

• Work on a strategy where the city is coming to the parking facilities instead of the reverse

where parking facilities are placed in dense urban areas causing many conflicts with busy

streets and busy pedestrian and cycling areas. This relates to the expansion of the city heart

and a careful treatment of routes leading to and from major parking facilities.

• On- street parking along the Kanaal, in Brinkpark and on the corner of Asselsestraat and

Wilhelmina Druckerstraat needs to be removed to open for new possibilities of upgrading

these spaces.

• Consider a parking zone in the city centre that only offers a limited amount of short-term on-

street parking and review pricing of on street parking.

• Conduct a parking survey of the existing use of parking facilities in the city centre. Improve

accessibility to underused facilities and work with a differentiated pricing system - the more

central, the more expensive.

• Work on the info system to inform drivers where they can park and what their alternatives

to driving are.

Vehicular traffic

Surface in one level with indication of different traffic zones. Church square, Grenå

P

P

P

P

Recommendations Ensure a city centre with a 21st century traffic system

Footpaths, lanes and car free streets as aesthetic pleasures, indicating high priority for pedestrians and upgrading `the walking brand´.Bilbao

Not just parking. Cars are allowed to park short time on this host of ‘stars’. When there are no cars the pavement becomes a beautiful part of the space. Solbjerg Plads, Copenhagen


Provide a well integrated public transport• Advocate for public transport as a sustainable transport mode offering an alternative to

private vehicular traffic.

• Inform the general public of the public transport system. How it works, where it runs, how

to buy tickets, how to get information on routes, any discount packages etc.

• Convey a free circle line bus for inner city traffic. This could be a smaller bus type relieving

some pressure of e.g. Nieuwstraat.

• Introduce dedicated 24 hr bus lanes, ensuring a frequent running 24 hr public transport

system with a high evening and weekend coverage to support public life activities outside

peak periods.

• Expand the use of information pillars that show bus routes, scheldules as well as how many

minutes to the next bus - as a general feature in the city centre.

• Combine public transport seating with general public seating.

• Ensure that waiting areas for public transport, e.g. Stationsstraat, are perceived safe and

attractive - also in the evening.

Create an even better city for cycling• Gradually expand the cycle network to include more routes and even better facilities.

• Establish recreational cycle routes connecting the city centre with surrounding

neighbourhoods and to recreational areas. To the east the IJssel and to the west the

Oderbos, Van Der Huchtbos and the Nationalpark De Hoge Veluwe.

• Continue to develop safe and accessible bicycle parking facilities in the city centre. Ensure

convenient locations for parking facilities.

• Investigate the scale of hot spot illegal parking locations and what can be done to avoid

these.

• Convey whether to take out one, centrally located on street car parking spot and turning it

into a parking spot for 10 bikes instead.

• Investigate the possibilities of integrating public transport with the cycle network.

Public transport and Bicycles

Copenhagen Circle Line bus. A smaller bus type dealing with the inner city traffic. Copenhagen

When is the next bus arriving? Expand the use of information pillars that show bus routes, schedules as well as how many minutes to the next bus - as a general feature in the city centre. Copenhagen

Convert on street parking into bicycle parking facilties. One parking spot equals 10 parked bicycles.Copenhagen

Ensure a city centre with a 21st century traffic system Recommendations

Gl. Kongevej 1, 4.tv · DK-1610 Copenhagen V

Tel: +45 32 950 951 · Fax: +45 32 950 958

[email protected] · www.gehlarchitects.dk

Apeldoorn - Public Spaces & Public Life

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