competition مسابقة / منافسة old-fashioned قديمة موضة

rout ine معتاد نظام customs –تقاليد –عادات أعراف

develop يطور district –منطقة –حى إدارة

establish (v.) ينشئ/ يؤسس law قانون

pioneer رائد style –طريقة –اسلوب نمط

writer كاتب novels رواياتpoems شعرية قصائد short stories قصيرة قصصreports تقارير articles مقاالتprize جائزة poetry الشعرbeginning بداية publisher ناشرinsist يصر e-mail attachment مرفق مع ملف

االميلextra syllable إضافى مقطع race سباقbreak (n.) راحة / فسحة midday اليوم منتصفeditor محرر famous شهيرdiplomat دبلوماسى collection مجموعةwin بـ يفوز political reports سياسية تقاريرpolitician سياسى شخص retire على / يحال يتقاعد

للمعاشcreate ينتج - يؤلف –يبدع European أوروبىliterature األدب excellent رائع - ممتازtraining تدريب affect على يؤثرcareer حياة / عملية سيرة

مهنيةabroad البالد خارج

experiences تجارب later بعد فيماThe Arab World العربي العالم disabled معاقearthquake زلزال society مجتمع

1

Unit (4) Energy الطاقةPart 1 Vocabulary

respect يحترم believer مصدق-–مؤمن مؤيد

power of education التعليم قوة support يساند -–يدعم يشجع

improve نيحس cultures ثقافاتunusual عادى غير situations مواقفRussia روسى Turkish تركى

Italian ايطاليا French فرنسىdictionary قاموس lawyer محامىjournalist صحفى clerk موظفsailor سجاد hotel manager فندق مديرmanager مدير

Athletics قوى ألعاب Attach يرفقComplete ينافس publish كتابا ينشرMidnight الليل منتصف Fashionable= stylish على / حديث

الموضةCut down trees األشجار يقطع Park منتزة –حديقة Product منتج Successful ناجحbehavior تصرف –سلوك beliefs معتقداتSystem نظام Rules لوائح –قواعد Obey يطيع Typical نموذجىFollow يتبع Traditional تقليدى Draft مسودة Plan خطةCarefully بحرص Final summary نهائى ملخص

من صـ TGينقل

Yehia Haqqi (1905 – 1992)Yehia Haqqi was one of the pioneers of modern Egyptian literature . As well

as being an important writer , he was an expert on Arabic culture.

2

WB

Tape script

Reading

Yahia Haqql was born in 1905 in the Sayyada Zeinab district of Cairo . He graduated in law and worked for a short time as a lawyer . In 1929 , he began his career as a diplomat and he worked abroad for more than 20 years . The time he spent in France , Italy , Turkey and Libya gave him experiences he later used in his writing.

At the same time as he was working , Haqqi was also writing stories . His first short story , published in 1925 , established him as one of the great short story writers of the Arab world.

Haqqi always wanted to help poor and disabled people . He had to go to hospital after an earthquake in Cairo , but gave his bed to a poor person who he thought needed it more . In 1955 , he wrote a collection of short stories about the poor and the disabled which won an important prize . Another of his stories , The Postman , was made into a film.

Haqqi wrote in a new way about Arab society and customs in the twentieth century . Haqqi was also interested in the Arabic language and he developed a new style of writing which is respected today.

As well as writing his own novels and stories , Haqqi also translated Russian French , Italian and Turkish literature into Arabic . He was a very strong believer in the power of education and supported many young Egyptian writers.

Haqqi died in 1992 , but is still thought of as the father of the modern short story and the novel in Egypt.

at university الجامعة فى opinions about عن آراءwin a prize بجائزة يفوز at night بالليلa ten–minute break دقائق عشر راحة at midday منتصف فى

اليومa poem won a prize حصدت قصيدة

جائزةthink of فى يفكر

expert on/in Arabic Culture الثقافة خبير فيالعربية

translate into إلى يترجم

the story was made into a film القصة تحولتفيلم إلى

write about عن يكتب

believer in بـ مؤمن interested in بـ مهتم3

Useful phrases

What do you understand by..? ؟ .. من تفهم ماذا know about عن يعرفdo a job وظيفة يؤدى match …with ... بـ ... صلthe sun is at its strongest اوج فى الشمس

فى ( حرارتهاعلى/ عنفوانها

أشدها)

as far as I'm concerned حد علىعلمى

play the piano على يعزفالبيانو

you sounded very busy. تبدو كنتمنشغال

on Thursday الخميس يوم give in homework الواجب يسلمsucceed in فى ينجح make a note of يكتب

.. عن ملحوظةlook for عن يبحث

old-fashioned قديمة موضة X fashionable / in-fashion

الموضة على

win بـ يفوز X lose يخسرfalse صحيح / غير كاذب X true صحيح / صادقmove أكثر X less أقلat night بالليل X at day بالنهارremember يتذكر X forget ينسىnext تالى / قادم X previous سابقdeliver يسلم / يوصل X receive يستلمmany ( للعدد ( كثير X few ( للعدد ( قليلinteresting ممتع X boring مملdevelop يطور X undevelop يطو رالquickly بسرعة X slowly ببطءexcellent رائع / ممتاز X bad / poor سئabroad البالد خارج X locally محلياinterested مهتم X uninterested /

indifferentمبال غير

respect يحترم X disrespect يحترم / اليحتقر

strong قوى X weak ضعيف

4

Opposites

support يؤيد X let down يخذلbeliever مصدق / مؤمن X disbeliever مكذب / كافرmodern حديث X out –of–date / ancient قديم

competition منافسة fashion نمط - –موضة زىcompetitior متنافس fashionable الموضة علىcompete يتنافس publish كتابا ينشرcompetable منافسته يمكن publisher ناشرdevelop ينمى –يطور publishing النشرdeveloped متقدم –متطور pioneer (n.) ( لألشخاص( رائدdeveloping نامى pioneer(v.) يسبقdevelopment تطوير –تنمية pioneering (adj) لألشياء رائد

style نمط –زى stylish انيق

Word Definition Meaning in

Arabic

Competition A situation in which people , organizations try to be more successful than others.

منافسة

Old – fashioned Not modern , unfashionable –قديم –بائد قديمة موضة

Routine The usual order in which you do things , or the things you do regularly.

نظام –روتين معتاد

Custom The behaviour and beliefs of a group of people.

–تقليد –رف ععادة

Develop (v.) Make a new product or idea successful. ينمى –يطور District An area of a town or city –منطقة –حى

مركز - إدارةEstablish Found or start a company , organization ,

system, etc that is intended to continue for a يؤسس / ينشئ

5

Derivatives

Definitions

long time

Law System of rules that people must obey قانونPioneer One of the first people to do something that

others will continueرائد

Style A way of writing that is typical of a person or group

نمط

Send

an e-mail attachment مع مرفقات يرسلاإليميل

a message رسالة يرس

a letter خطابا يرسل

a signal إشارة يرسل

Entera competition منافسة يدخل

a race سباقا يدخل

an examination امتحانا يدخل

Have

a routine معتادا نظاما لديهروتينيا( )

a headache / a bath / a look / - يأخذ صداع عندهنظرة- يلقى حماما

an accident / a drink / difficulties - يتناول حادث له يقعيواجه- مشروباصعوبات

لدى يعملناشر

a publisher Work for

a factory / a company / Mr Basyoni Abd El – Salam

6

قديمة موضة old - fashionedيبدوLook

- - حزينا سعيدا مرهقا tried / happy / sadيبدو

Verbs & Nouns

Have lunch at midday منتصف يتناول في الغداء اليوم

have dinner at midnight منتصف في العشاء يتناولالليل

Expressing opinions بداية في التعبيرات هذه أحد ما( استخدم موضوع في الرأى )إلبداء رأيك عن للتعبير : كالمك

- I think that……………………..- In my opinion,………………..- I'd say that ………………….- As far as I'm concerned, ……………..- I don't think that………………..

Examples :- I think Gamal will win.- I don't think that we will host the next match .

كلمة- أن وضع breakيالحظ يجب ولذا .a / anمفردة المدة قبلالزمني- العنصر يكون أن دائما .)minute(ويجب مفردا

الكلمة- أصبحت حذف breaksإذا الزمني a / anوجب العنصر تسبق فى التي كماالتالى : المثال

I have ten – minute breaks. - مدتها الراحة من أقساطا دقائق 10أخذ .

الفعل- بـ tryبعد مصدر استخدام to / V. ingيمكنك

7

Communication skill

Language tips نصائح لغوية

1- I have a ten – minute break at midday. - مدته الراحة من قسطا آخذدقائق 10 .

2- When she suggested the idea, I tried using a computer.

بعد- الكامل المصدر استخدمت مرة : .tryإذا ألول حاولت المعنى يكوناستخدمت- قبل : .tryبعد V.ingوإذا من ونحجت جربت المعنى يكون

used toبعد- مصدرا . استخدم .)v.ing(استخدم enjoyبعد-

استخدام- :v.ingيمكنك والتعبيرات األفعال هذه بعدdeny – finish – avoid – suggest – can't stand – It's no use.

1- Respond to each of the following situations: 1- A friend asks for your opinion about modern novels . What do you say ?2- Someone asks you what you were doing at six o'clock yesterday evening.3- Someone asks you what you think the best thing is about short stories. Give your

opinion.4- A friend asks you what you used to read when you were five.5- A friend asks for your opinion about the best candidate for the next parliamentary

elections.

2- Underline the correct answer :1- Early black and white photos show people in (modern / updated / new / old-

fashioned) clothes.2- The sun is at its strongest at (midday – midnight – middle east – midland) .3- I don't really have a (rotation – route – routine – round) during the holidays. I just

do as the mood takes me.

8

Exercises

3- I used to enjoy reading for 5 years.

4- In The Sayyeda Zeinab district / 2009 / April / Summer

On Monday / holiday / business

At the weekend/ midday / midnight / 7.30

4- My friends and I are going to enter an athletics (comparison – competition – composition – cooperation) . We all hope to win something.

5- I sent an e-mail with two (envelopes – detachments – attachments – attacks) . They were photos of my friends.

6- A (lawyer – journalist – polisher – publisher) is a person who arranges the writing, production, and sale of books.

7- Twelve o'clock at night is called (midday/ middle / mid-aged / midnight).8- The opposite of old-fashioned is (modern – old – ancient – aged).9- John (lost – left – entered – put) a competition to win a prize.10- To (establish – develop – destroy – graduate) means to make a new product or

idea successful.11- A (continent – capital – country – destrict) is an area of a town or city.12- I really enjoyed this book. It is written in a very simple (steel – style – stem –

stage).13- My brother wants to be a lawyer when he graduates , so he's studying (medicine

– journalism – law – engineering) at university.14- Yehia Haggi came from a poor (strict – destrict – capital – palace) of Cairo.15- A system of rules that people must obey is called the (government – mood – law

– exam). 16- Magdi Yacoub was one of the first heart transplant (pioneers – pioneering –

payers – publishers).17- Scientists are paid to (obey – develop – debit – detach) new medicines every

year to help people.18- ( Costumes – Costs – Customers – Customs ) are the behaviour and belifs of a

group of people.19- My sister is fond of newly – designed clothes , so she buys very ( unfashionable

– old – fashionable – ancient) dresses.20- My parents gave me a ( correction – collection – connection – Comment) of

modern short stories for my birthday .21- Yehia Haggi was an important twentieth – century ( doctor – officer – journalit –

writer).22- A journalist is used to send (complaints – reports – literature – newpapers) to

his paper about most important issues.23- El- Abanodi is one of the most famous poets. His (novel – shortstory – poetry –

report ) is read everywhere.9

24- In Egypt , most employees ( require – acquire – retire – aspire) at the age of 60.25- He knows everything about that matter . He's a famous (experience – expert –

expression – exception)26- AKram won a ( process – prison – price – prize) for his good drawing.27- A (seller – sailor – guard – worker) is a person who works on a ship in the sea.28- Huda Shaavawi was a ( clerk – pilot – ruler – pioneer) of the feminist movement

in Egypt . بمصر النسائية الحركة29- Yehia Haggi was an expert (at – on – with – for) the Arabic culture.30- We all congratulated him when he (passed – succeeded – went – entered ) in the

exam.31- What job would you like to (make – play – match – do) in the future?32- Having tea after meals is a task most Egyptians do as a matter of (routine –

traning – experience – race) .33- The company's goal is to (look – understand – establish – lose) new branches all

over Egypt in order to expand.34- We'll have a short (breaking – breaks- brake – break) for lunch , ther start again

at 4 o'clock.35- The ( Worker – oracle – editor – assistant) of Al-Ahram news paper promised me

to publish my article next Friday.36- A person from Enrope is ( Amencan – Eastern – European – African.37- Hisham Mesbah received hard ( train – trains – trainer – training) for the last

Olympics.38- A/n ( politicion – expert - diplomat – tourist) is someone who officially

represents their government in a foreign country.39- Hasty decisions always (reflect – help – encourage – affect) our lives badly.40- Books , plays , poems ,etc are all forms of (literature – training – customs –

development).41- Sami (left – abandoned – graduated – retired) from university after gelting his

BA.42- Sooner or (late – last – latter – later), you'll be mine.43- We should watch children's (environment – behaviour –meaning – chalk)

especially after watching violent films.44- Listen to this conversation and try to wnite a (summit – summer – summary –

summery) of it.

10

45- In Egypt , Toyota (completes – competes - concludes – collects ) against Peugeat.

46- (Putting – Making – Shulthing – Cutting) down trees damages the environment.47- It we break the (rules – ruler – ruling – roles), we'll just spoil the whole life.48- I have aln (Russion – Turkish – Italian – French) friend . He is from Turkey.49- In January 2010, a major (volcano – competition – earthquake – race) struck

Haiti, knocking down buildings and killing morethan 250.000 citizens.50- A (journalist – judge – sailor – lawyer) speaks for people in court.51- We usually have (ten – minute break / a ten – minute break / ten – minutes

break / a ten – minutes break) every afternoon.52- As soon as Hala suggested the idea, We tried (apply – to apply – applying – to

applying) it.53- Have you enjoyed ( to read – read – with reading – reading) about Yehia Haggi?54- The criminal likked his victim (on – at – in – with) midnight last night.55- Which word of the following sounds like "prizes" (exercises / attachments /

routines / ideas) ?

3- Find the mistakes in each of the following sentences, then write them

correctly:

………………………………………….

4- Say where these mini- dialogues take place and who the speakers are : 1. A: Welcome to our live programme 90 Minutes.

B: Thank you , Mo'tazz. A: It is said that you abuse the law depending on your position in the National Democratic Party. What's your reply? B:That's not true. It's a rumour.

2. A: The complainer says you captured his land by force. B: No , sir . I have the papers that certify my rights. He sold me the land and I documented the contract.

Write a composition of two paragraphs – about :

11

5- Writing

Place : …………Speaker A : …………Speaker B : …………

Place : …………Speaker A : …………Speaker B : …………

" How a jourmalist may make a good novelist"

Guiding points :- reports - accidents - interviews - stories - details

A: Translate into Arabic :Yahia Haqqi was born in Cairo on January 7, 1905. He graduated from the Faculty of Law and practiced as a lawyer in Alexandria. In 1929 he joined the diplomatic corps and served in Jeddah, Rome, Paris, and Ankara. In 1952 he was appointed ambassador to Libya. In 1959, he resigned his post and became editor of one of a Cairo-based magazine. In 1970, he was appointed Member of the Supreme Council for Radio and Television.B : Translate into English :

عل- 1 .ىأحصل النهار منتصف في الغذاء لتناول دقيقة عشرين لمدة راحةو- 2 للرسم مسابقة .فدخلنا كبيرة مالية بجائزة زنا3. الحديث- المصرى األدب رواد من واحدا حقى يحيي كانتطور- 4 أن حقك .نممن المجتمع تقاليد تحترم أن يجب لكن حياتك ط

العربية -5 اللغة إلى عديدة لغات من حقى يحيى ترجم فقد ، روائيا لكونه .باإلضافة

يرجى ... ) المواضيع من وعينات والنصائح الفنيات من للمزيدالتدريبات : كراسة على ( اإلطالع

أربعة بمراحل الموضوع كتابة : تمر

الكتابة .1 قبل النشر.4التحرير. 3الكتابة. 2ما

1.Prewriting الكتابة قبل ما مرحلة-----1 مالحظات مهمة .) راجع ملحق 6هى مرحلة التفكير وتنظيم أفكارك قبل بدء الكتابة وفيها

ث(3

12

How to write a composition ! موضوعا تكتب ! كيف

6- Translation

2.Writing الكتابة مرحلةث(3------1 خطوات. )راجع ملحق 5وهى مرحلة تحويل االفكار الى جمل ذات معنى . وفيها

3.Editing التحرير مرحلة

مراجعة . على تركز وفيها وتصحيحها االخطاء عن والبحث كتبت ما مراجعة مرحلة هى ( ولها والهجاء ( ) 7القواعد ولها والتنظيم واألسلوب (.5مالحظات )راجع ملحقمالحظات

ث(3------1

4.Publishing النشر مرحلةولها ) لتصحيحه موضوعك من النهائية النسخة فيها تنتج مرحلة (.3هى )راجعمالحظات

ث(3------1ملحق

. وطريقة . الفقرة فى الرئيسية للفكرة تمهد وهى الفقرة فى األولى الجملة هىوموضوعها للفقرة الرئيسية الفكرة بتلخيص تكون .كتابتها

Example: There are three reasons why Canada is one of the best countries in the world. First, Canada has an excellent health care system. All Canadians have access to medical services at a reasonable price. Second, Canada has a high standard of education. Students are taught by well-trained teachers and are encouraged to continue studying at university. Finally, Canada's cities are clean and efficiently managed. Canadian cities have many parks and lots of space for people to live. As a result, Canada is a desirable place to live.

. تعطى فهى الموضوع جسم وتكون الرئيسية الجملة بعد تأتى التى الجمل وهى . والتفاصيل الحقائق تكتب وفيها للموضوع الرئيسية الفكرة ودعم لتطوير التفاصيل

األمثلة . واعطاء

Example: There are three reasons why Canada is one of the best countries in the world. First, Canada has an excellent health care system. All Canadians have access to medical services at a reasonable price. Second, Canada has a high standard of education. Students are taught by well-trained teachers and are encouraged to continue studying at university.

13

Topic Sentence الرئيسية الجملة

المساعدة والتفاصيل SupportingالجملDetails

Finally, Canada's cities are clean and efficiently managed. Canadian cities have many parks and lots of space for people to live. As a result, Canada is a desirable place to live.

باعادة . . وتكتب الفقرة فى الرئيسية الفكرة تؤكد وهى الفقرة فى جملة آخر وهىأخرى بكلمات الرئيسية الفكرة .صياغة

Example: There are three reasons why Canada is one of the best countries in the world. First, Canada has an excellent health care system. All Canadians have access to medical services at a reasonable price. Second, Canada has a high standard of education. Students are taught by well-trained teachers and are encouraged to continue studying at university. Finally, Canada's cities are clean and efficiently managed. Canadian cities have many parks and lots of space for people to live. As a result, Canada is a desirable place to live.

( الماضى البسيط هو التصريف الثاني للفعل: 1 ))1(present )2(past )1(present )2(past* act acted * cut cut* work ………. * meet ………..* study ………… * see ………..

-They met here yesterday. ( 2 ) الماضي في وانتهى حدث فعل عن الماضي: لنعبر نستخدم

-Ali helped his sick friend yesterday. -Maha met Nehad last week . -We last went there in 2008.

الماضي: فى عادات أو مواقف أو أحداثا نتذكر عندما * ونستخدم14

Part 2 Grammar

Past tenses , active & passive

1 .The past simple tense

الختام ecnetneS gnisolC جملة

-The ferry Al-Salam 98 sank in 2006 . -When I was young, I loved stories.

( used to +inf ) اآلن تعد ولم الماضي، فى تحدث كانت عادة عن لنعبر * ونستخدمه -In my childhood, I used to drink milk.

: البسيط الماضى زمن معها نستخدم اآلتية ( الكلمات 3 )yesterday once

last in the past ago in ancient times

d idn't +inf )4( ب البسيط الماضي ينفى :

1 -I waited till he had come . (didn't) =I didn't move till he had come.

: الماضي بصيغة السؤال ( عند 5 ))a -(Did + /ضمير ?تكمله . + inf + فاعل

Did you answer the questions? )b -(What / When + did + ضمير / فاعل + inf + .تكمله?

What did you see yesterday?……………………………… * ? ?…………………………………………… * Yes, I wrote the letter. ?.…………………………………………… * I met them at school .

More examples : -I saw a movie two days ago .-I didn't see a play yesterday .-Last year, I traveled to Korea .

Last year, I didn't travel to China .--Did you have dinner last night ?

She washed her car after coming from work .--He didn't wash his car because he had been very tired .

للمجهول( 6 ) المبنى فى البسيط : was / were + pp الماضىSami wrote a story yesterday. )active(A story was written by Sami yesterday. )passive(

More examples : -The house was robbed by thieves last night.

-A lot of companies were sold at a very low price years ago. -My novel was changed six times.

طريق - - عن القواعد تطبيق يمكنك األخرى الكتب دون فقط هناالترجمة

: ترجم ليلة مبكرا دروسها دينا - ذاكرت2. الماضى الشهر ابطالبا الى أخيها مع هالة - سافرت1

. أمس أنجوال فى غانا على مصر - فازت4 . أسبوعين منذ نجاحى لحفلة أصدقائى - دعوت3

2010. . أمس مدرسه من كتابا أخى - أعطى6 ؟ البرادعى محمد الدكتور عن قرأت - هل5

15

d / ed /ied ال )التى الشاذة األفعال بأهم قائمة بـ تنتهى

Irregular verbs

Infinitive / present Past Past

participleInfinitive / present Past Past

participle

be يكون was been beatيضرب beat beaten

begin يبدأ began begun becomeيصبح became become

blow تهب blew blown biteيعض bit bitten

bring يحضر brought brought breakيكسر broke broken

burn يحرق burnt burnt buildيبنى built built

buyيشتر

ى bought bought canيستطيع could --

catchيمسك caught caught choose

يختار chose chosen

come يأتى came come costيكلف cost cost

cut يقطع cut cut dealيتعامل dealt dealt

dig يحفر dug dug doيفعل did done

draw يرسم drew drawn dreamيحلم dreamt dreamt

drinkيشرب drank drunk drive

يقود drove driven

eat يأكل ate eaten fall يقع fell fallen

feed يطعم fed fed feelيشعر felt felt

fight يقاتل fought fought find يجد found foundfly يطير flew flown forbid يمنع forbade forbidden

forget ينسى forgot forgotten forgiveيسامح forgave forgiven

get يحص ل

got got go يذهب

went gone

16

لهذا ... : ينسى ال لحفظ اذنك فى أهمس تعالالجدول....

ترجمها ثم عندك من جملة فى فعل كل ضعللعربية ...

علىgive يعطى gave given grow ينمو grew grown

have يملك had had hearيسمع heard heard

hide فىخي hid hidden hitيضرب hit hit

holdيمسك held held hurt

يؤذى hurt hurt

keep يحفظ kept kept knowيعرف knew known

lay يضع laid laid leadيقود led led

learn يتعلم learnt learnt leaveيرحل left left

lendيستلف lent lent let يدع let let

lie يرقد lay lain lightيضئ lit lit

lose يخسر lost lost makeيصنع made made

mean يعنى meant meant meetيقابل met met

pay يدفع paid paid put يضع put put

read يقرأ read read rideيركب rode ridden

ring يدقالجرس

rang rung riseيشرق rose risen

run يجرى ran run sayيقول said said

see يرى saw seen seekيبح ثعن

sought sought

sell يبيع sold sold sendيرسل sent sent

set يضعشيئا set set sew

يخيط sewed sewn

shake زيه shook shaken shineتشرق shone shone

showيعرض

showed shown shoot

يطل ق

النارshot shot

shut يغلق shut shut singيغنى sang sung

17

sitيجلس sat sat sleep ينام slept slept

smell يشم smelt smelt speakيتحدث spoke spoken

spellيتهجى spelt spelt spend

ينفق spent spent

stealيسرق stole stolen stand

يقف stood stood

sting يلدغ stung stung stickيلصق stuck stuck

strike يخبط struck struck sweepيجتاح swept swept

swim يسبح swam swum take يأخذ took taken

teachيدرس taught taught think

يفكر thought thought

tell يخبر told told wearيلبس wore worn

wake يوقظ woke woken writeيكتب wrote written

used to + inf.I used to write stories very quickly when I was young.He used to give money to the poor.

اآلن ( ) , used toتعبر أما الماضى فى متكررة بطريقة كثيرا يفعله أن المتحدث اعتاد فعل عن. يحدث يعد فلم

وصيغة البسيط الماضى بين used to الفرقصيغة , أما سابق وقت فى واحدة لمرة حدث فعل عن الماضى فعل used toيعبر عن فتعبر

: ..... ( اآلتيين ( المثالين الى أنظر سابق وقت فى ماضية عادة يكون وقد وتكرارا مرارا حدث-When I was young , I used to visit the zoo.

أو ( عشرين أو مرات عشر ذهب ربما الحيوان حديقة الى الذهاب تعود هنا المتحدثأسبوع ) كل مرة يزورها كان وربما مائة

-When I was young , I visited the zoo.جدا . قليلة مرات أو واحدة مرة الحيوان حديقة الى فذهب هنا المتحدث أما

بين : انتبه فارق be used to و used to هناكSalma used to go to school early. Salma is used to going to school early.

أما used toتتبع ب be used toبمصدر v.ingفتتبعأما , used to ايضا الماضى فى كان تعود عن الحاضر be used toتعبر فى تعود عن فتعبر

بوضع be used toأما . didn't use to + infب used toتنفى المساعد notفيكتفى بعدam/is/are : هكذا

Salma didn't use to go to school late. Salma is not used to going to school late.

18

Exercises

1- Underline the correct answer in brackets: 1 -When I ( am - was - been- will be). young, I worked hard .

2-We ( were missing - misses - were missing - missed ) the school bus, so we had to walk.

3 -Why ( didn't you go-) won't you go- are you going- haven't you gone) away last week – end ?

4.What bad luck! The train (will leave - leaves - will leave - left) fifteen minutes ago.5 -When I was young, we ( were used to- got used to-used to-are used to) live in a small

village. 6.We came late. The match ( begins - began - was beginning- begin ) half an hour ago.

7-He ( lives- lived-live- living) in Mansoura before he came here.8- The Mosaadالموساد (killed-was killed – was killing-kills ) a Hamas leader in Dubai in 2010.

9 -When I was young, I (use - am used- used – using) to visit may relatives .10.( Do - Does - Did - Had ) Ahmed tell you anything when he met you?

11 - Yesterday's match (was - is - had been -be ). so exciting .12. ( Did you went - Have you gone - Did you go - Do you go ) to school yesterday ?

13 – What he (says – said – is saying – say) was wrong.14.The hospital (is building - was built - builds- built ) last year.15.Last year I (take – was taking – had taken - took )my exams.

16.Belal used to (travelling – travels – travelled - travel ) a lot in his job but now, since his promotion, he doesn't .

17.I didn't (used to like - use to like – used to liking – use to liking ) macaroni but now I do .18.I'm used (to living – to live – on living – on live ) on my own. I've done it for quite a long

time .2. Find the mistakes in each of the following sentences , then write them correctly:

1.Did you watched TV last night ?2.Mary was not go to work yesterday .

3.I go to the mall after yesterday's school.4.The letter was delivering to his owner yesterday.

5.A: How long did you wait for them? B: We wait for one hour.6.Was you see that car in 2006?

7.This book were written by a famous writer last year.8.We was not late for the train yesterday.

9.On their way back , they were bitten and their money were stealing.10.All my balance in my mobile run out and I had to recharge .

: - ترجم3أمس. ليلة - نعم, التقينا2 ؟ باالمس بى تتصل لم - لماذا1 جنيه300 صديقى - أعطانى4 ؟ مرة آخر االسكندرية الى سافرت - متى3

الماضى. الشهر نلعب أن تعودنا طفولتنا - في6. مبكرا أستيقظ أن تعودت الماضي - في5

بوقتنا. ونستمتع ونجرى دبى فى المبحوح اسرائيل - قتلت8 ؟ أمس الفطور فى تناولت - ماذا7

.2010 يناير فى

19The present perfect tense

Form :تكوينه ) 1 ) I

We HeYou have + p.p She has + p.pThey It

I have finished my homework .

He has arrived from abroad.

Use : االستخدام ) 2 (

في وذلك والحاضر الماضي يستوعب حدث عن تعبر عندما التام المضارع استخدماآلتية : األحوال

الماضي) : 1 ( في محدد غير زمن في حدث فعل

قبل من الفيلم هذا رأيت .I've seen this film before لقد . الماضي ستخدم ال رآه بالضبط متى قال لو لكن الفيلم هذا رأي بالضبط متى يقل لم

البسيط : *I saw this film last week.

( 2 : ) جدا قريب وقت منذ واكتمل حدث فعل

حاال إتصلت . She's just phoned me* لقد =She phoned me a few moments ago.

نتوقع( : 3 ) كنا مما أسرع وقت في حدث فعل

*A : " Don't forget to e-mail your friend" . بالفعل إلكترونيا راسلته .B : " I have already e-mailed him لقد

سيحدث( : 4 ) أنه المتحدث يتوقع فعل

؟ بعد القصة قراءة أنهيت ?Have you finished reading the story yet* هل *I've engaged her but we haven't got married yet.

شخصية) : 5 ( تجربة أو سابقة خبرة عن تسأل عندما

الكافيار أكلت أن سبق Have you ever eaten caviar ? ( in your life )* هلShe's the most polite girl I've ever met.

=I have never met such a polite girl.

هذا) : : 6 ( فيها يحدث مرة أول إنها نقول عندما20

before

just

already

yet

ever

never

سيارة فيها يقود مرة أول . It's the first time he has driven a car* إنهاسيارة قاد أن له يسبق . He has never driven a car before= لم

الكالم) : 7 ( وقت حتى تمتد زمنية فترة عن المتحدث يتكلم عندما

؟ مؤخرا أيمن من أخبار سمعت ?Have you heard from Ayman recently* هل *Everything is going well . We haven't had any problems so far.

اآلن . . حتى مشكالت لنا تحدث فلم يرام ما على شيء كل

) 8 : ( مستمرا يزال وال الماضي في بدأ الحدث أن نقول : اآلن حتى عندما

I have worked here for 5 years . ( and I'm working here now) =I have worked here since 2002.

ع وال . ( مللقد خمس سنوات طيلة هنا أعمل ت (هنا زلت

7 years6 months5 days3 hoursforsince 2000September 15 March4.00 p.m

مع )1( أتى كالتالي since إذا فقاعدتها :- فعالن

Since past simple present perfectSince + n. present perfect

*Since he arrived here , he has visited a lot of places. *Since his arrival here , he has visited a lot of places .

. يتصل لم سافر : منذ ترجمتحويل ) 2( : والعكس for إلى since يمكن

*I have never eaten mahshi since January . ) for ( =I have never eaten mahshi for 2 months .

. شهور منذ نلتق : لم ترجمتحويل ) 3( منفي since إلى when عند تام مضارع : نستخدم

*He last came here when he was a child . ) since ( =He hasn't come here since he was a child .

العالج. تناول منذ بتحسن حسن يشعر : لم رجمت استخدام ) 4( من ago عند الماضي for / since بدال : استخدم

*I haven't gone to work for three days . ) ago ( =I last went to work three days ago .

. أسبوعين منذ كان ايميال كتبت مرة : آخر ترجم

استخدام ) 5( من just عند التام a moment ago بدال المضارع : استخدم *She left the house a moment ago . ) just (

=She has just left the house. للتو. بيته باع : لقد ترجم

21

recently / lately so far

for / since

تكون ) 6( واحدة جملة في المستقبل مع البسيط المضارع أو التام المضارع يأتي :روابطها

*I'll phone you as soon as I have arrived ( arrive ) .

*She'll buy a new house when she has( has had) the money . . مناسبة فرصة على الحصول بمجرد نسافر : سوف ترجم

)7 (since + + زمنية إلى It's مدة تحويلها ويمكن تام مضارع أو بسيط بماضي : تتبع

*It's four years since I ( last ) met Yaser. Or : It's four years since I have met Yaser . ) ago ( ) for (

=I met Yaser four years ago . =I haven't met Yaser for four years.

. نعانى ونحن سنوات : منذ ترجم مع The last time ماضي + ) 8( تام مضارع إلى تحويلها : since / for يمكن

*The last time we visited Aswan was in 2001 . ) since () for ( =We haven't visited Aswan since 2001. =We haven't visited Aswan for 6 years.

=We last visited Aswan in 2001. . 2005 عام كان االقصر زرت مرة : آخر ترجم

)9 (ever + + تفضيل التام : This is أسلوب المضارع إلى استخدم never وتحول *This is the best book I have ever read . ) never (

=I have never read such a good book. . ابدا هذه مثل مثيرة قصة اقرأ : لم ترجم

نفس ) 10( استخدام بدون التركيبة يمكن : مع ever السابقة

*It / This is the first time I've celebrated my birthday. *This is the only journey he has made.

سيارة. أقود مرة أول : انها ترجم

مستمر- / 11 تام مضارع تام + How long مضارع

- How long have you known each other ? -How long has it been raining?

هكذا ) 12( التام المضارع على الدالة الكلمات استخدام :يمكن

السنين / / / الشهور الساعات الدقائق من عدد for : ) for 2مع

22

when , after , before , as soon as , the moment … ,

oga أوrof

the first , the second , the only

years ( / / / السنة الشهر اليوم الساعة تحديد معsince : ) since 2001(

والسؤال المثبتة الجملة في الثالث التصريف بعد أو قبل توضعalready الجملة في الثالث التصريف قبل توضع

والسؤال السؤال justالمثبتة في توضعالثالث التصريف قبل التفضيل everوجملة

من بدال الثالث التصريف بعد not neverتوضعوالسؤال المنفية الجملة في الثالث التصريف بعد yetتوضع

المثبتة والجملة السؤال في الثالث التصريف بعد توضع recently / latelyوالمنفية

) 1 3 ( has been / has gone : المعنى في فارق بينهما

هناك من غادر أو ورجع He has been to France . ( and he isn't there now )* ذهبهناك من يعد ولم He has gone to France . ( and he is there now )* ذهب

*She went to Italy and came back yesterday . ) been ( *They traveled to Saudi Arabia and are still there . ) gone (

للمجهول المبنى فى التام ) has / have + been + pp ( المضارعThe army has attacked that city five times. )Active(

=That city has been attacked by the army. )Passive (I have sent you some information before. )Active(

=Some information has been sent to you by me. )Passive (Many tourists have visited that castle. )Active(

That castle has been visited by many tourists. )Passive (

1- Underline the correct answer in brackets :

1.Kareem , Mr Basyouni's son , )lives – is living - lived have- lived( in Alexandria for

five years, but he left in 2005.2.I )will see – see - have seen – saw( the movie Titanic three times. I'm

going to see it again tonight.

3.A: Have you ever)be – being – to be - been ( to England?" B: "Yes I have".

4.I )lose – was losing - lost have- lost( my key yesterday, so I couldn't get into the

house. Eventually, I found it in my jacket pocket.5.A:"Are you learning any languages?" B: "Yes, I've begun to learn

English". 6 .I've lived here )for –in – during – since( six years .

7.A:" )Had – having – Have- Has ( you done your homework?" B: "Yes, I've just

finished it".8.When Sameh was a child, he )lived- had lived – lives - has lived( in

Samannoud.9.Haridi )graduated -has graduated-had graduated – was graduating(

from university last July.

23

10.A: "How long)did you study - have you studied – had you studied – were you

studying (English for?" B: "I've studied English for 2 years now".11.I )walked -have walked-was walking – have walk( to work every day

for the last six weeks!

12.Alaa )fell -has fallen-falls – was falling( off his bike three times this month.

13.A: "Where's Nariman?" B: "She )goes – will go – had gone - has gone( out. She

should be back in an hour".14.The pound )has fallen -had fallen – falls – was falling( against the

dollar for many years

15.I've been in my job )since –for-in – by( October 2007.

2 .Find the mistakes in each of the following sentences , then write them correctly:

1.It's the first time I met Hani . I never see him before. 2.My English has really improving since I moved to England.3.My cousin has been to France three times. He's still there.

4.Scientists have splitting the atom .5.She had been in England for six months .

6.He has never traveled on train . 7.Have you be to Mexico in the last year ?

8.Susan issn't mastered French, but she can communicate .9.Man has walk on the Moon .

10.Our son has learning how to read lately .11.My car is broken down three times this week .

12.Since she graduated ,she had worked for three different companies so far .

13.She travels with her husband yesterday morning.14.Has Hani and Magid read the book yet?

15.She had talked to several specialists about her problem, but nobody knows why

she is sick. - ترجم : 3 - امتلك هذ2- لقد ذاكرت هبة هذا الدرس من قبل مرتين . 1

الكمبيوتر منذ ثالث سنوات . - لفد تمنيت دوما4- منذ طفولتى وأنا أكتب القصص القصيرة . 3

أن أصبح عالما أفيد بلدى. - لم يغلق هذا6- لم يذهب حسن للسباحة فى البحر منذ عامين . 5

الملف الخطير حتى اآلن .

: ( التكويـن 1 )24

The past continuous tense

was / were + v . ing -Hani was working all night.

-They were building a new house from Summer to Autumn. : ( االستخدام 2 ): اآلتية الثالثة الحاالت في المستمر الماضي يستخدم يستغرق كان الفعل أن : )أي )أ(- االستغراق من كبيرا حيزا

الماضي( في الوقت -At four yesterday, you were working.

- Between five and seven yesterday, I was meeting new graduates . وقطعه مستمر فعل هناك كان أنه : )أي االستمرار )ب(- قطع

آخر( فعل -While I was sleeping , someone knocked at the door .

-I was sleeping when someone knocked at the door . كان ) الذي .( الباب على بالدق القراءة منى وقطعت قراءتي، هو مستمرا

وقتا أخذ ألنه بسيط ال ماضي ال زمن فى يوضع : القاطع ملحوظــة . قصيرا

الماضي( في الوقت نفس في فعلين حدوث : )أي )ج(- التزامن -While he was studying , his sister was cooking.

( تطبخ أمها كانت نائمة فيه كانت الذي الوقت ) في

المستمر: الماضى معها يأتى اآلتية ( الكلمات 3 ) *While )as( )just as( مستمر بسيط ماضي ماضي

)القطع) -While she was walking, she fell down.

*While )as( مستمر مستمر ماضي )التزامن) ماضي -While we were swimming, they were playing.

*When بسيط مستمر ماضي )طع)الق ماضي -When I arrived at home, mum was cooking.

*When مستمر بسيط ماضي )القطع) ماضي -When she was listening to the radio, her mother called to her.

*At + مستمر ساعة ماضي -At 7:00 yesterday , I was sleeping.) أى بعدها نومى واستمر السابعة قبل نائما كنت

( نومى فترة منتصف فى كنت *Between + ساعة and + مستمر ساعة ماضي

-Between 8:00 and 10:00 yesterday evening , they were watching a match.More examples :

-While we were having the picnic, it started to rain .-I was listening to my MP3, so I didn't hear the fire alarm .

-A: What were you doing when you broke your leg? B: I was riding my bike.-Last night at 6 PM, I was eating dinner .

-At midnight, we were still driving through the desert .-Yesterday at this time, I was sitting at my desk at work .

-You were studying when she called .-Were you studying when she called ?

-You were not studying when she called .الوقت ( ) نفس فى كثيرة احداث تزامن يوضح مهم مثال

25

When I walked into the office, several people were busily typing, some were talking on the phones, the boss was giving orders, and customers were waiting to be helped. One customer was yelling at فى a secretary and waving his يشخطhands. بايديه .Others were complaining to each other about the bad service يشوح

IMPORTANT المستمر والماضى البسيط الماضى بين مهم فارق-Last night at 6 PM, I ate dinner. (I started eating at 6 PM.)

-Last night at 6 PM, I was eating dinner. (I started earlier; and at 6 PM, I was in the process of eatingdinner(.

Practice:وضع - من While عند الماضي while ونضع when نحذف When بدال قبل

المستمر. -Mona was reading when Mostafa went out. (While)

While Mona was reading, Mostafa went out.من during توضع* ) v.ing أو noun وبعدها ( While بدال

-While she was reading, she fell asleep. (During) -During her reading , she fell asleep.

استخدام * ضمير : while بعد v.ing يمكن أو فاعل وجود عدم حالة فى -While driving the car , I had an accident.

للمجهول المبنى فى المستمر ) was / were + being + pp ( الماضى

1 -The baker was making bread when the bakery caught fire. (active) Bread was being made by the baker when the bakery caught fire. (passive)2-The salesman was helping the customers when the thief came into the store. (active )

The customers were being helped by the salesman when the thief came into the store . )passive (

1- Underline the correct answer in brackets :

1 .She ( read- reads- was reading- had read ) a magazine when somebody knocked at the door .

2 .I said "Hello" to my uncle, but he couldn't hear me because he ( had listened- was listening- is listening- would listen) to the radio.

3 .What (you were doing-have you done-were you doing-was you doing)) when the accident occurred?

4 .I (am watching-watch-will watch-was watching) a mystery movie on TV when the electricity went out.

5 .I(was trying-try-have tried-had tried) to change a light bulb that had burnt out.6 .Remon lived in Berlin for more than two years. In fact, he (lives-was living-has lived-is

living) there when the Berlin Wall came down.7 .Nouran arrived at Susan's house a little before 12:00 PM, but she was not there. She

)studied-had studied-was studying-is studying( at the library for her final examination in French .

8 .The firemen rescued the old woman who (trapped-was trapping-was trapped-had trapped) on the third floor of the burning building.

9 .Sandy is in the living room watching television. At this time yesterday, she (watched-is watching-has watched-was watching) television .

10 .The Titanic was crossing the Atlantic when it (strikes-had stricken-stroke-was striking) an iceberg.

11 .A: I called you last night after dinner, but you weren't there. Where were you? B: I (was 26

working-had worked-am working-work) out at the fitness center.12 .It's strange that you called because I (just think-has just thought-was just thinking-am

just thinking) about you.13 .What (you were doing – was you doing – you was doing - were you doing ) while you

were waiting ?14 .Seham wasn't working, and I (didn't work – haven't worked - wasn't working – am not

working ) either .15 .I was studying while he (was making – made- had done- has made )dinner .

2. Find the mistakes in each of the following sentences , then write them correctly:

1.You are just studying when she called .2.I didn't like them because they were always complained.

3.While I take the train , I saw a quarrel between the conductor and a passenger.

4.Rami was running when he falls down.5.They were eating dinner, discussing their plans, and had a good

time .6.I am studying when she called .

7.Mona was sweeping the floor and at the same time Heba washed the dishes.

8.While I was studying, she calls .9.Were you just spoken on the phone when she dialed your phone

number ?10.He was constantly talks. He annoyed everyone .

:ترجم- 3ميار- .1 وصلت عندما تذاكر كانت هنديعمل- .2 أخوها كان نائمة رحاب كانت بينما3. التذاكر- أحجز كنت عندما المحطة الى القطار وصلتطبخ- .4 أمى كانت عندما المطبخ اشتعلكبير- .5 فندق فى يعملون أصدقائى كان وابريل مارس بين ما

Form : had + p.p -I had played football by 5:00 yesterday.( أمس الخامسة قبل تم (الحدث-He had finished reading before 10:00 last night.( أمس ليلة العاشرة قبل تم (الحدث

-After he had studied his lessons , he slept. ( ولذا المذاكرة هو أوال تم الذىالبسيط الماضى فى وضع ولذا النوم هو ثانيا حدث والذى التام الماضى فى (وضع

التام ☻ الماضي آخر )had + p.p( يستخدم حدث قبل تم ما حدثا أن ليوضح( الترتيب ( نظرية اسميه ما وهو الماضي التام( في الماضى بأن هو علما

أوال حدث الذى ثانيا الفعل حدث الذى هو البسيط ) والماضى

27

The past perfect tense الماضى زمنالتام

Yes / No questionsAffirmative & Negative eaten before

you went toschool?

Had you Yes, I had.

No, I hadn't.

IWeYou had (n’t) eatenTheyHe before going to school.

SheIt

اآلتية : الكلمات مع التام الماضي : Use ) 2 ( استخدم

1 -After Past perfect Past simpleAfter I had studied English , I moved to America.-

.ترجم : طائلة , أمواال أرسل للخارج سافر أن بعد

2 -As soon as Past perfect Past simple -As soon as Fareed had spent his holiday in Italy , he wanted to learn Italian..ترجم : المباراة شاهد الواجب كتب أن بمجرد

3 -When Past perfect Past simple -After the farmer had come home, he fed the animals.

سافر .ترجم : التاشيرة على حصل عندما

4 -negative past simple till / nutil + Past perfect -Hasan didn't enter the race until he had trained hard.

إنتبه : =It wasn’t until he had trained hard that he entered the race.

.ترجم : محموال اشترى حتى بى يتصل لم

5 -No sooner inverted past perfect than + past simple Hardly ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ when + past simple Scarcely ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ when + past simple

ب الجملة بدأت ضع No soonerاذا أخواتها الفاعل . hadأو ضع ثم بعدهاNo sooner had she washed the dishes than she turned on the TV.

لكن : She had no sooner washed the dishes than she turned on the TV.

.ترجم : بالرد اسرع حتى التليفون جرس يسمع يكد لم

6 -by + time + past perfect Sama had written her exercise by 4:00 PM.

.ترجم : صباحا والنصف السابعة قبل المدرسة الى وصلت

28

7 -Before Past simple Past perfect -Before he visited me , he had given me a ring.

. ترجم : وفرشه دهنه قد ابى كان الجديد للمنزل ننتقل أن قبل

-By the time Manar moved to Spain , she had learnt Spanish in Egypt..ترجم : المشى تعلم قد عمر كان عامين لسن يصل ان قبل

-When he went home , his wife had made lunch.

قد ترجم : الطائرة كانت المطار الى وصلت عندما ألننى الطائرة الحق لمغادرت.

هامة إضافات

بتبديل Afterإلى Beforeتحول ) 1( والعكسالحملتين :-

1 - Before I answered , I had read the questions . ) After ( =After I had read the questions , I answered.

هكذا :-till / untilإلى Beforeتحول ) 2( جملة في الذي الماضي till / untilوضع Beforeانفي

الجملة . وسط في1 -Before they irrigated the land , they had ploughed it . ) until (

=They didn't irrigated the land until they had ploughed it.

هكذا :-till / untilإلى Afterتحول ) 3( التام الماضي جملة بعده وضع به وابدأ الماضي انفي

.1 -After Maha had entered the kitchen , fire broke out . ) until (

=Fire didn't break out until Maha had entered the kitchen.

في ) 4( بفعل المسبوقة التفضيل صفات مع التام الماضي استخدمالبسيط الماضي :-زمن

1 -It was the worst time I had ever had . ) I ……( =I hadn't had such a worse time before.

تام ) :-5( ماضي استخدم الماضي بعد1 -I knew I had done the wrong composition.

2 -When I went home , I realized I had forgotten my book at school.

تحويل ) 6( after + v.ingإلى after + past perfectيمكنHaving + p.pأو

1 - After I had read the book , I put it on the shelf . ) reading ( ) Having (

29

8 -By the time Past simple Past perfect

9 -When Past simple Past perfect

=After reading the book , I put it on the shelf. =Having read the book , I put it on the shelf.

تجيبوا : أن قبلبسيط ماضى ضعه ثانيا حدث والذى تام ماضى ضعه أوال حدث الذى الفعلالتام( ) الماضى زمن عليها يبنى التى الترتيب نظرية وهى

1 -He hadn't met me before. = It was the first time he had met me.2 -That was the only mistake he had made .

=He had never made a mistake before.3-She had to apologize for her terrible deed. =She apologized because she had done a

terrible deed.

جدا : هامة حاالتسببى- 1 رابط الجملتين بين كان بعد becauseاذا تستخدم أن األفضل فمن

عن يعبر السببى الفعل كان اذا وبخاصة المستمر التام الماضى زمن الرابط( طويلة ( فترة استغراق

-Hagar was tired when she left the office because she had been working all day.جملة- 2 فى المستمر الماضى او البسيط الماضى استخدمت اذا

األخرى فى زمنبة واستخدمت التام +for فترة الماضى فاستخدمالتام الماضى وليس المستمر

- Sameh was playing tennis.  When his father arrived, he had been playing for 2

hours. ADVERB PLACEMENT - ؟ الحال الظرف يوضع ) ) أين

always, only, never, ever, still, just, etc.

الثالث والتصريف المساعد بين أعاله المبينة األحوال توضع

-You had previously studied English before you moved to Canada .-Had you previously spoken French before you travelled to France ?

للمجهول المبنى فى التام ) had + been + pp ( الماضى

-After he had eaten a sandwich , he entered his room to study. (active) After a sandwich had been eaten by him , he entered his room to study. (passive)

1 .Underline the correct answer: 1 .When she arrived , the match had (started already – already starting – had already been

started - already started. (2 .Before he (had sung – sings - sang – sing ) a song , he had played the guitar.

3 .They watched a video after the children(went – had been going – have gone – gone - had gone) to bed.

4 .After Hala had made breakfast , she(had phoned – has phoned - phoned – phones) her friend.

5 .I was very tired because I (am studying - had studied – study – have studied ) too much.6 .Had you (study – studying – to study - studied )English before you moved to

30

Australia ? 7 .She only understood the movie because she had (reading – is reading – reader –

read ) the book .8 .I (never saw – have never seen - had never seen – never had seen ) such a

beautiful beach before I went to Matrouh.9 .Kristine had (be never – never be - never been been never ) to an opera before

last night.10 .They (feel - felt – are feeling – have felt ) bad about selling the house because

they had owned it for more than forty years.11. Yara had phoned Boosy at work (after – as soon as – till – before) she left for her trip.12. He got drunk then was imprisoned because of the hemp البانجو he had (take – took – taking – taken).

13 .What is the correct past perfect form of "We can rent a car? " )We had rented a car. -We had been able to rent a car. We could rent a car. -We 'd

rent a car(. 14 .After (having – to have – to having – had had) his meal , he went out.15 .We (don't watch – hadn't watched – didn't watch – haven't watched) the

programme until we had finished our work.16 .It was the first time I drank coffee . This meant I (had drunk it before –had drunk

it many times – had never drunk it – would drink it) before.17 .When I went back from work, I found that my friend (had been injured – had injured –

has been injured – has injured.(18 .Susan turned on the radio (before – by the time- until - after ) she had washed the

dishes.19 .She had visited her English relatives once in 1993 before she (move – moves –

had moved - moved) in with them in 2000 .20 .By the time Enji (had finished – has finished - finished – finishes ) her studies,

he had been in Cairo for over four years.2. Find the mistakes in each of the following sentences , then write them correctly:

1.Belya was arrested because he has drunk  too much alcohol the night before .2.He has spent  three years in Mansoura when he was a child.

3.By the time my father had come home, I made dinner already.4.Immediately after come from abroad , he decided to build himself a house .

5.After she  was finishing  breakfast , she left the house.6.It was the first time for him to swim . This means he swam once before.

7.Shaymaa went to school after she feed her younger brother.8.The doctor examined her leg and has found that she had broken it.

9.The teacher gave an exam before I arrived.10.We don't get on the plane until we had checked in.

11.Before he came to Ismailia he lived in Sharqiyya.12.Last night I starts to study at 8:30.

13.The movie had already to start when we arrived to the cinema.14.Kimo was late. By the time he got to the theater, the movie has started already.

15.I couldn't get in because I was losing  my keys.

Mixed-Up Exercise1- Underline the correct answer in brackets:

1.She (has never seen – have never seen - had never seen – did never seen ) a bear before she moved to Alaska.

2.It was my first flight.  I (had never flown – had never fly – had never to fly – never 31

had flown) before.3.I wasn't paying attention while I (wrote- is writing – had written - was writing ) the letter,

so I made several mistakes.4.What is the correct past perfect form of "We visit Paris?"

)We'd visit Paris. -We've visited Paris. -We'd visiting Paris. -We'd visited Paris(.  5.We (were won – win - have won - won ) yesterday's match.

6.I did my homework when I(watched -was watching  -had watched –watching) .7. Which books (do you take -have you taken -did you take- took you ) to school yesterday?

8.While Emad (read – reads – is reading - was reading) , Tamer was watching television .9 .Sambu ( knows - knew – know – is knowing ) Berlin so well because he had

visited the city several times.10.Were you listening while he (was talking – were talking – has talked – is talking) ?

11. London (changes- changed -has changed - have changed ) a lot since 1975.12.The match (won - was won – wins – to win) .

13. If I (have known -knew -know –had known)  the address, I would have gone there.14.Some explorers discovered foreign lands while they (are sailing – were sailing–

have sailed – sailed).  15.The 200 metres (were swum – were swimming – are swimming – is swum). 16. We (has already seen -have already seen -will already seen -already saw) that film.

17. Scientists(had just discover -will just discovered -has just discover -have just discovered )  a new planet.

18.I (will get - got – get – have got ) married in 1992 .19. She (lived -has lived -lives -have lived) in this house for years.20.When I was a child , we always (went – go – have gone – had gone ) to the seaside .21. He  was late. When he (has arrived- had arrived –arrived- had already left ) at the airport, the plane had left.

22 . I ( send - have sent -sent - had sent ) you an e-mail yesterday. 23.When Nermeen went back to school , she found she(had been written-had

written- has written – wrote) the wrong composition. 24. She caught them while they (are talking  -talked- did talked -were talking ).25. I  (just have finished- have just finished - just finished -has just finished) doing this exercise.26.The man (was stolen - stole – was stealing – steals) the blue car and was arrested

afterwards.27.I did not have any money because I (had lost – have lost – would lose – lose ) my

wallet.28.When the dessert arrived, Basma wasn't hungry;  she (ate – had eaten – has

eaten– was eating) too much.29).Have – Has – did - Had ( you ever visited the U.S. before your trip in 2006?

30.Somebody )has stolen – steals – stole- had stolen ( my bicycle! Now I'll have to

walk home.2. Find the mistakes in each of the following sentences , then write them correctly:

1.Did you live in Texas when you was a kid ?2.When I saw her I knew we never meet before.

32

3.He told me he never had been  to Australia before. 4.While Ellen was reading, Peter was watching television .

5 .Has he ever working on a laptop? 6.Five trees in the park was cut down by farmers. 7.There has been wars between Misr and Israel.

8.I am had a cold for two weeks .9.He told the police twice that he hadn't know the criminal .

10.Belya never goes to school, he worked for a mechanic instead .11.When she has heard  the noise she turned to see what it was.

12.I lived in Giza for 10 years.13.We played hide and seek before we went to bed.

14.I felt really stupid because I have been making  a lot of mistakes.15.Our flat was build five years ago.

16.Alex did not worked last weekend.17 .This car has be stolen for weeks.

18.I have ever been to France. I hope to go there in the future. 19.What were you doing while you were waiting ?

20 .The words are explained by the teacher yesterday .21.Had Mike visit his grandmother last night?

22.You had grown since the last time I saw you .23.I had seen that movie six times in the last month.

24.Salma have studied two foreign languages .25.Were you listening while he was talking ?

26.Shehta had been in the room when Kirsha told me what happened, but he didn't hear anything because he was not listened.

27.This house built 22 years ago.28.My book has stolen for a week.

29.After he had photographed by the photographer , he went home.30.The streets were cleaning by the cleaner when his supervisor arrived.

Test 4

1) Respond to each of the following situations: (4 marks)1- Someone suggests going to the park this afternoon . you agree what do you say ?2- A friend from Turkey has just arrived at Cairo Airport . What do you say him ?3- A friend is smoking heavily . Advise him .

33

A- language functions

4- You have just bought a new educational CD .Recommend it to a friend .

2) Say where each of the following mini- dialogues take place and who

the speakers are: (4 marks) 1- A: Could I help you , sir ? B : Yes , I'd like to have a double room , please.

2- A : This little zebra is nice . Can I feed it dad ? B : Yes , but just throw the food to it . Do not come nearer to it.

3) Underline the correct answer : ( 8 marks) 1.A:" )Had – having – Have- Has ( you done your homework?" B: "Yes,

I've just finished it".

2- A (continent – capital – country – destrict) is an area of a town or city.3.I )walked -have walked-was walking – have walk( to work every day

for the last six weeks!

4- Magdi Yacoub was one of the first heart transplant (pioneers – pioneering – payers – publishers).

5 .I said "Hello" to my uncle, but he couldn't hear me because he ( had listened- was listening- is listening- would listen) to the radio.

6- My sister is fond of newly – designed clothes , so she buys very ( unfashionable – old – fashionable – ancient) dresses.

7-We ( were missing - misses - were missing - missed ) the school bus, so we had to walk.8- The company's goal is to (look – understand – establish – lose) new branches all

over Egypt in order to expand.9 .After Hala had made breakfast , she(had phoned – has phoned - phoned – phones) her

friend.10 -Early black and white photos show people in (modern / updated / new / old-

fashioned) clothes.11 .After (having – to have – to having – had had) his meal , he went out.

12- I don't really have a (rotation – route – routine – round) during the holidays. I just do as the mood takes me.

13.The hospital (is building - was built - builds- built ) last year.

34

B- Vocabulary and structure

Place : …………Speaker A : …………Speaker B : …………

Place : …………Speaker A : …………Speaker B : …………

14- My friends and I are going to enter an athletics (comparison – competition – composition – cooperation) . We all hope to win something.

15 .Before he (had sung – sings - sang – sing ) a song , he had played the guitar.16- I sent an e-mail with two (envelopes – detachments – attachments – attacks) .

They were photos of my friends.

4) Find the mistake in each of the following sentences, then write them

correctly: (6 marks)1. The sun is at its strongest at midnight.2. He didn't go out until he takes permission from his parents.3. I sent an e-mail with some detachment . They were photos of my friends.4. Magid lives in Suez for the last five years.5. Costumes are the behavior and beliefs of a group of people.6. He didn't hear me because he speaks on the mobile phone.

5) Read the following passage then answer the questions:- (5 marks) In many countries today , a difficult question is being asked : Do we have the right to use animals in laboratory experiments ? Using animals in medical research has many benefits . Animal research has enabled researchers to develop treatment for many diseases , such as heart disease. It would not have been possible to develop vaccines for diseases like smallpox without animal research . Every drug anyone takes today was tried first on animals . Which is more important , the life of a rat or that of a three year old child ? Medical research is also an excellent way of using unwanted animals. Last year , over twelve million animals had to be killed because nobody wanted them as pets . The fact is that human benefit cannot be used as a reason for using animals in research , any more than it can be used as a reason for experimenting on other humans. Animals suffer a lot during these experiments . They are forced to live in small cages and they may be unable to move . Animals have the same rights as humans do to be able to move freely and not to have pain or fear forced on them . We can use computer modelling instead of animals in research laboratories to save animals’ life .

A- Answer the following questions :

35

C- Reading comprehension and set Book

1 – Why is animal research useful ? 2 – How do animals suffer during experiments ? 3 – What other ways can be used instead of experimenting on animals ?

B . Choose the correct answer : 4- The idea against using animals in research is that ……………. a – the life of animals is more important than the life of humans . b – people should help to increase the number of animals . c – researchers have to use animals in their medical research . d – animals have the same rights as humans do .5- An appropriate title for this passage would be ……………. . a – Scientific Research b – Research Laboratories c – Animal Rights d – Human Rights

6) Read the following passage then answer the questions:- (5 marks) On leaving , Mrs Magda gave last minute instructions to the new babysitter , a young girl of seventeen whose main work was to look after the baby . The girl had never done this work before and Mrs Magda was a little bit anxious “ Make yourself comfortable , Soha . ” , Mrs Magda said . “ I’ve prepared a tray of food and fruit for you . It’s on the table . You can , of course , listen to the radio or watch the television , but don’t have it on too loud because it might wake our little baby . Sound moves terribly in this house . If the boy wakes up , go to his room and stay with him there until he goes back to sleep . Anyway , he’s two years old , so you shouldn’t have any trouble . My husband and I will be back at about five o’clock .” Mr. Kamal and his wife Magda returned later than they had expected. They heard the sound of T V . A light was still on in the living- room . The little baby was crying loudly . His face was covered with tears . Mr Kamal switched off the television . Mrs Magda went to the living –room immediately and came out , holding the baby who was very hungry . “ What is she doing there ? Where is Soha ? She is fast asleep ! She has eaten all the food here ! ”.

A. Answer the following questions:1 – What did Mr & Mrs Kamal find when they returned home ? 2 – What instructions did Mrs Magda give the baby-sitter ? 3 – Was Soha a good baby-sitter or a bad one ? Why ?

B. choose the correct answer from a, b, c, d:36

4- Although Mrs Magda gave strict instructions to the baby-sitter . she …… . a – forgot them . b – carried them out . c – neglected them . d – followed them .5- When Mrs Magda returned home , she was surprised because …………. a – the baby-sitter was awake . b – the television was on . c – there was a light in the living-room . d – the baby was crying and Soha was fast asleep .

7) A- Answer the following questions: (7 marks)1- Did Leila study with Dr Hafez in Cairo ? Why / why not ?2- Where was Dr Hafez’s dig in Egypt ?

B : Read the following quotations and then answer the questions : “ I’m looking for places where there are other interesting things to find .”1- Who said this ? To whom ? 2- Why did Leila start to doubt the speaker on saying these words ?

C : Complete the following sentences: 1- The Customs allowed the laser machine to pass through because Leila ……….2- Mining and engineering have ………………………………………………………….…

8) Write a paragraph about 100 words about: (6 marks)

Why literature and education are important to us all.

F- Translation

9) A- Translate into Arabic :-We now live in an increasingly diverse, globalized, and complex world. Our students are facing many emerging issues such as global warming, famine, poverty, health issues, a global population explosion and other environmental and social issues.  These issues lead to a need for students to be able to communicate, function and create change personally, socially, economically and politically on local, national and global levels. 

B- Translate into English :37

D- The novel : ( The Mask of Gold )

E- Writing

هائلة- .1 وتكنولوجية علمية بثورة والعشرين الحادى القرن يتميز2. للمجتمع- المكونة العناصر من أساسى عنصر الثقافة

amnesia الذاكرة فقد excavation عن ( بحث تنقيباآلثار)

mousetrap الفئران مصيدة murder قتل جريمة

poison سم shy خجول

headquarters ( المقر ( المكتبالرئيسى

identity تحقيق ( هويةشخصية)

innocent برئ invasion غزو

secret agent سرى عميل spy جاسوس

suspect مشبوه transmitter إرسال جهاز

crime جريمه the First World War العالمية الحرباألولى

soldier جندى travel agent سياحية شركةarchaeologist آثار عالم medicines أدوية / عالجاتthe Orient Express الشرق قطار

السريعpartner شريك

contain على يحتوى suffer يعانىreport تقريرا – يرسل يبلغ perform يؤ - ىديمثلradio play اذاعية مسرحية main رئيسىtheatre مسرح guests ضيوفactors ممثلون police officer شرطة ابطضheavy snow غزير ثلج foreign tourism أجنبية سياحة

38

Unit (5) Agatha Christie

أجاثا الكاتبةPart 1كريستى

Vocabulary

recent حديث take place يحدثsummary خالصة / ملخص leaders قادةgovernment ةحكوم together - معا سوياbelieve يصدق - يعتقد arrest على يقبضcapture يحتجز – يأسر enemy عدوwar حرب retired soldier متقاعد جندىinclude على يشتمل overlook على يطلintroduce -يقدم شيئا شخصا hidden مختفى – مخفىhotel owner ( صاحب ( مالك

الفندقrealize يدرك

bathroom حمام discovery اكتشافworried قلق surprise مفاجأة

lock يغلق qualities صفاتsave ينقذ problem مشكلةcompare يقارن members أعضاءa piece of paper ورق قصاصة inside بالداخل - داخل

hurtingايذاءdigging upتنقيبembarrassedمرتبكnervousعصبيأداة- بعنف equipmentجهاز رأسه bang his headيضربshynessخجلcriminalمجرمexcavateينقبpoisonousسام

مجرم – مسافرون – murdererقاتل passengersركابالعالم designيصمم كأس World Cup Finalنهائىبوليسية )crime fictionرواية مانشيتات ( عناوين

الصحفnewspaper headlines

سياحية متزايدة tourist officesمكاتب increasing numbersأعدادالسلكية expressionsتعبيرات radio signalsاشارات

powerfulقوىleadيقوديبرهن – organizationمنظمة proveيثبت

فضاء يحدد – astronautsرواد على يتعرفهوية

identify

transmitيرسلinvadeيغزو

39

W.B

في innocenceبراءة suspectيشتبهصحية رياضى healthilyبطريقة a sports clubنادى

اآلثار اليكترونية archaeologyعلم websitesمواقعالمواضيع especiallyوبخاصة headingsعناوين

من النص صـ TGينقل

N or M ?It is a time of war in England and everyone knows that there could be an

invasion at any time . The government knows that the enemy is being helped by a dangerous group of spies inside the country , but nobody knows their identity . But it is believed that the spies headquarters is a small hotel on the coast , and that the spies leaders are a man and a woman .

Two secret agents , Tommy Beresford and his wife Tuppence , are sent to the hotel to find these spies. They meet the other hotel guests and the people from the town. The guests include Mr. Bletchley, a retired soldier; Mrs. Sprot, a shy young woman; and Carl Von Deinim, a scientist. Mr. Bletchley introduces Tommy to Mr. Haydock, a retired sailor who lives in a house overlooking the sea. The three men sometimes play golf together.

The Beresfords' first suspects are the hotel owner and the scientist, but they soon discover that both are innocent. Then they hear that the invasion is planned for the following week . This means they have seven days to find the enemy and save the country from invasion.

One day , after a game of golf, Tommy finds a radio transmitter hidden in Mr. Haydock's bathroom and realises that Haydock is one of the spies. Haydock does

40

Tape script

Reading

not seem worried by Tommy's discovery. Tommy leaves his friend's house, but on the way back to his hotel , he is captured and locked in a room .

Tuppence discovers the other spy leader. To everyone's surprise, it is the shy Mrs. Sprot. The police arrest her and soon find Mr. Haydock. Tommy is set free.

Without the help of the spies' leader , the invasion cannot take place. Tommy and Tuppence have saved the country.

work in ( مكان ( في يعمل work for لدى ( /ص شخيعملشركة)

work with ( شخص ( مع يعمل look after بـ يعتنىon her first journey رحالتها أولى في on the Orient

Expressالشرق قطار على

السريعwelcome to بكم فيمرحبا suffer from من يعانىcompare with بـ يقارن without a break دون – انقطاع دون

توقفbased on على مبنى solve a crime الجريمة لغز يحلin the theatre المسرح في take place دثتحtalk about عن يتحدث at the beginning البداية فيtourism increase by 20%

السياحة ت نمو%20بمعدل

refer to ي / إلى يلحيشيرإلى

on his way طريقه في to everyone's surprise

الجميع دهشة ومن

worried by من قلق on the coast الساحل علىis set free سراح ي هطلق compare with بـ يقارنsend to إلى يرسل help(sb) with في شخصا يساعدsave from من ينقذ (sth) that may taste

good / badيكون قد ما شئ

رد / همذاق ائيحسناthink of في يفكر on TV التلفاز شاشة علىtake turns األدوار تناوبوا take contort السيطرة يتولى

( يسيطر-التحكم(shy about / of من خجول afraid of خائفall over the world العالم أنحاء كل في do a project مشروعا ينفذdo/commit a crime جريمة يرتكب busy with بـ مشغول

41

Useful phrases

look for عن يبحث hear from من يسمعat the time of the accident

ارتكاب وقت في ( الحادث( وقوع

interested in بـ مهتم

at the moment = now

اللحظة هذه في( اآلن(

look after بـ يعتنى x neglect يهملwelcome يرحب x unwelcome يرحب ال

best األفضل x worst األسوأheavy ثقيل – غزير x light خفيفsolve يحل x complicate د يعقrecent حديث x old / ancient قديمincrease يزداد x decrease يتناقصinnocent برئ x guilty مذنبwar حرب x peace سالمenemy عدو x friend صديقat the beginning البداية في x at the end النهاية فيleader قائد x follower تابعnear قريب x far بعيدarrest على يقبض x set free يطلق / يحررguest ضيف x host / hostess مضيفة – مضيفback خلف – ظهر x front أمام – واجهةsend يرسل x receive يستقبل / يستلمwork for لصالح يعمل x work against ضد يعملnervous عصبي x quiet هادئpowerful قوى x weak ضعيفbusy مشغول x free ( فاضى – ( طليق حر

amnesia الذاكرة فقدان murder جريمةamnesiac (c) الذاكرة فاقد murderer مجرم / قاتلexcavation تنقيب poison يسمم / سم

42

Opposites

Derivatives

excavate ينقب poisonous سامexcavator باشنحفار –

رالقبوidentity هوية

shy خجول identify يتعرف / هوية يحددعلى

shyness خجل identification هوية تحديدshyly لبخج invasion غزوinnocent برئ invade يغزوinnocence براءة invader غازىsuspect يشك – في يشتبه

فيtransmitter إرسال جهاز

suspect مشبوه transmit يرسلsuspicion الشك – - االشتباه

الريبةtransmission إرسال

Word Definition Meaning in Arabic

Amnesia The medical condition of not being able to remember anything

الذاكرة فقدان

Excavation Digging up the ground carefully to find things from the past

تنقيب

Mousetrap A device used to catch mice فئران مصيدةMurder The crime of killing someone قتل جريمةPoison Something that may taste bad if you eat

or drink itسم

shy Nervous and embarrassed about speaking to other people

خجول

Leader A person who leads , directs or controls group , organization , country etc.

قائد

Murderer A person you think may have done a crime

قاتل – مجرم

Innocent Someone you find has not done a crime برئ

43

Definitions

Transmitter Equipment that sends radio signals إرسال جهازInvasion Entering another country to take control غزوHeadquarters The place from which a company or

action is controlledالرئيسى المركز

( الرئيسى( المقرSpy A person who finds out information

about another country or organization.جاسوس

استخدم- ، ما لشخص دائمة فعلية حقيقية مهنة وصف الفعل asعند .workبعد

تستخدم- من likeال بل likeألن asبدال فعلية أو حقيقية غير مهنة عن تعبر سوفمؤقتة.

He worked like a waiter in the summer holiday.

بعد- : مفردا فعال everyone / something / anythingاستخدم* Everyone is here.

ال- بـ مالضمائر وضمائر استخدمone / body نتهية الملكية صفات لكن ، مفردا فعال بعدها

: الجمع في كلها تكون الفاعل ضمير وتكرار المفعول* Everyone is having their lunch.* Someone wasn't able to come because they were ill.

وضمير Something / anything / nothingالضمير- الملكية وصفة مفرد بفعل يتبع

. المفرد في كلها تكون الفاعل ضمير وتكرار المفعول* Something important is going to happen. It will affect us and its significance will be great.

* Thieves stole a bog containing banknotes.

44

Language tips نصائح لغوية

1- He worked as a teacher at school.

2- Everyone knows about that.

3- Contain , include , consist

* The letter contained secret information.

منفصالن ( )ومعناهcontain الفعل شيئان فهما شئ داخل شئ وجود يعنى ، على يحتوى

الحقيبة داخل كانت نقود( ) فالنقود دون فارغة حقيبة نجد ان والمعلومات فيمكننا ، الخطاب )داخل معلومات( على يحتوى ال فارغ خطاب ارسال ويمكننا

* Does the price include postage?* His job includes spying on foreigners.

شيئ ومعناه includeالفعل وجود يعنى ، على عن ييشتمل ينفصالن ال متالزمين ن

ولو الوظيفه عن التجسس وال ، البريد رسوم عن السعر فصل يمكن فال بعضهما. أصال وظيفه هناك أصبحت لما الوظيفه عن التجسس فصلنا

* The building consists of 6 storeys.* The composition consisted of 2 paragraphs.

األجزاء ومعناهconsist والفعل من عدد أو مجموعة من يتكون ما شيئا أن يعنى ، يتكون

من يتكون فالمبنى بعضا بعضها ويكمل من 6الصغيرة يتكون والموضوع أطباقالجر حرف وجود ويالحظ ، الفعل ofفقرتين .consistبعد

يمكنك اإلنجليزية في الشائعة واألخطاء اللغوية المالحظات من للمزيدكتابنا : على االطالع

Common Mistakes in English

Giving advice النصح اسداء : التعبيرات ه هذ أحد استخدام يمكنك ، لألخرين )تقديم( النصيحة إلسداء

- I think you should + inf …………….- Why don't you + inf ………………..- If I were you , I'd + inf …………….- What about + v. ing …………………..?- I think you shouldn't + inf …………………-Have you thought about……………..?-You really ought to…………..-In your position, I would……………-You should perhaps…………-You could always………….

Example and many answers :45

Communication skill

If someone says "I'm having problems learning English", you could say:

"Why don't you read more English books?""In your position, I would try and practise speaking English.""You should perhaps look at the english-at-home.com website.""You could always get a penpal.""If I were you, I'd sign up for an English course.""Have you thought about going to the UK for a couple of weeks?""You really ought to watch English television."

More Examples:* I think you should eat more healthily.* What about going swimming?* I think you should't believe liars.

1- Respond to each of the following situations: 1- A friend asks for your advice about keeping fit . you advise him to go swimming every day.2- You want some advice from a friend about how you can eat more healthily. What do you ask?3- A friend wants to meet new people , but he/she is very shy . you think it would be a good idea for your friend to join a sports club.4- Ask your teacher for advice about how to do well in the next English test.5- Give your brother advice about whom to befriend.

2- Underline the correct answer :1- Many children are ( afraid – shy – interested – keen) when they first go to school.2- All the fish in the river have died . Someone must have put (salt – food – poison – sweet) the water.3- A man has been found dead in the road . The police think it was an accident , not ( fright – debate – escapism – murder).4- He banged his head and is now suffering from ( ammonia – amnesia – amazement – ambulance).5- After they saw the mouse , They decided to put a (fridge – ladder – mirror –

46

Exercises

mousetrap) in the kitchen.6- Archaeologists are planning a new ( excavation – exercise – excellence – experience) in the south of the country.7- A person who leads a country is its (ladder – leader – clerk – owner).8- We all think this (innocent – murder – murderer – toddler) must have done that brutal crime.9- The police are looking for someone who stole a car yesterday . The main ( suspect – suspicion – suspend – suspension) is a man in his 40s.10- They are using a very powerful (transistor – translator – transplant – transmitter) to send signals to the astronauts.11- It's against the law to work as a/n (teacher – officer – spy – nurse).12- In many countries , people have to carry an (identical – identity – identify – identification) cord to prove who they are.13- In Britain in the 1940 , people were afraid of an (information – invasion – advice – experience) by the enemy.14- A man suffering from(ambition – hunger – amnesia – dependence) was identified by his sister , who saw his picture on TV.15- Archaeologists ( excel – exceed – excavate – expect ) that area of land carefully to find ancient treasures.16- Farmers used big (drums – medicines – trips – mousetraps) to catch mice that attacked their crops.17- I srael killed three of our soldiers on the border. It was a brutal (theft – murder – excavation – kidnapping) . 18- I used (jam – juice – milk – poison) to kill the rat.19- Basim was unwilling to talk in public because he was(shy–brave–active–strong).20- the president is the (inspector – leader – informer – agent) of the country.21- He was set free for being (guilty – lazy – different – innocent).22- The American (invasion – persuasion – cooperation – organization) to Iraq was said to have been a big mistake.23- The company has a lot of branches all over the world , but its (headlines – heading – headquarters – headmaster) is in London.24- Azzam Azzam was an Israeli (shy – spy – spa – space) who was sentenced to death but was set free by the president.25- We saw a lot of photographs but we couldn't (qualify – purify – identify – satisfy) the man we'd met.

47

26- How did the man prove his(guilt –guiltless –innocence – innocent)to be set free?27- The Roman (welcomed – greeted – helped – invaded )Britain in 43 BC and took control over it.28- The enemy used radios to (transmit – transport – pipe – carry) messages to their ships.29- The police (praised – suspected – convinced – thanked) him and soon after arrested him.30- (Biologists – Astronauts – Archaeologists – Solders) found hidden rooms in a tomb in the western Desert.31- Mr Esam welcomed his (hosts – hostesses – guests – hostages)who attended the party he held last night.32-The hotel (receptionist – manager – staff – owner) decided to sell the hotel and leave the country.33- He got (happy – embarrassed – well – surprised) when he was in a real problem.34- Before reading the details , I always look at the newspaper (heads – headlines – head quarters – headlights) first.35-(In – At- With- On)his first journey, he was anxious to see new places and people. 36- I know where the accident took(part – off – care – part). It was opposite the bank.37- Most of today's films are based (in – on – by – for) real stories.38- Experts expect that tourism may increase (in – of – with – by) 20% in the next five years.39- Are you (keen – interested – afraid – worried )in crime fiction? 40- The police are trying hard to (lock – solve – open – complicate) the crime clue:41- Leave him . alone . He is busy (in – of – with – by) a new project. 42- Everyone (are – is – were – be) going to take part in the next elections.43- Thieves robbed the woman of her handbag that (consisted– included –contained – consisted of) money and jewellery.

3-Find the mistakes ……

……………………………..

4. Say where these mini-dialogues take place and who the speakers are:1. A: Hi. I'm from El-Salam Company and we offer a discount for the following item;desk lamp. Outside it costs LE 10 , but we sell it for only LE 5. Who would like to buy?

48

Place : …………Speaker A : …………Speaker B : …………

B: Yes. Give me two.That would be ten pounds. Here you are. A: Thank you , sir.

2. A: Sir , I'd like you to give me a private lesson at home. B: Sorry , I don't give any private lessons. You can take school sessions. These are the orders of the minister.Enroll now and we can start next week. A: Ok , sir.

Write a letter to your friend Omar who asked for your advice about how to be successful at school . Your name is Kamal and you live at 32 Gamal Abd El-Nasser street Victoria , Alexandria.

A : Translate into Arabic:Agatha Christie (15 September 1890 – 12 January 1976), was an English crime writer of novels, short stories and plays. She also wrote romances, but is best remembered for her 80 detective novels and her successful theatre plays. Her works have given her the title the 'Queen of Crime' and made her one of the most important and innovative writers in the development of the genre.

B : Translate into English1. معه- تتعامل وال بالمعلومات تمده فال دولتك وعلى عليك خطير شخص الجاسوس

2 -. فيها وبرعت البوليسية بالقصص كريستى أجاثا اهتمت3 -" الجانى؟ " من برنامج مشاهدة أحبفيه- .4 يختبئون الذى المكان تعرف ال لكنها الجواسيس هوية الحكومة تعرف.ثبأ- 5 سراحه أطلق ولذا برئ فيه المشتبه أن المحامى ت

10 tips when writing an e-mail 10 كتابة عند نصائحااليميل

49

5- Writing

6- Translation

Writing an e-mail اإليميل كتابة

Place : …………Speaker A : …………Speaker B : …………

Follow these tips in order to give your recipients the information they need in order to act on your

message sooner rather than later .

1- Write a meaningful subject line. ذو عنوانا اكتبمعنى2- Keep the message focused and readable.   مركزة رسالتك اجعل

قراءتها ويمكن3- Avoid attachments.  مرفقات ارسال تجنب4- Identify yourself clearly.   نفسك عرف جيدا5- Be kind -- don't flame. , تتهجم ال رفيقا كن

الكتابة فى6- Proofread.  أخطاء راجعالكتابة7- Don't assume privacy. خصوصية تنتهك الغيرك8- Distinguish between formal and informal situations.  الرسمى بين ميز والودى

على فورا رسائل رد من يصلك . Respond Promptly- 9ما10- Show Respect . أظهر االحترام

) ) ث 3 ---- كراسة التدريبات وللمزيد من شرح النصائح العشر ...يمكنكم االطالع على

E-mail Guidelines

E-mail: InboxTo:  tutor_bas 0121423234@yahoo.com 

From:  basyouni0195425753@hotmail.com

Date:  10 March 2010  

Subject:  A reply to your e-mail 1. Subjectsالموضوع

Give the message a subject/title. E-mail messages without a subject may not be opened because of a fear of viruses and especially note that it is very easy to forget to type this important information.

2. Subject contents الموضوع محتوياتKeep the subject short and clear but avoid such headings as: ‘Good News’, ‘Hello’, ‘Message from Mary’. These headings are common in messages

50

containing viruses. Short but specific headings are needed.

3. Greetingsالتحية Start the message with a greeting so as to help create a friendly but business-like tone. It is becoming quite common to write the greeting without a comma,e.g. Dear Miss Leila e.g. Dear Kamal 

4. Purpose الغرض Start with a clear indication of what the message is about in the first paragraph.Give full details in the following paragraph(s).Make sure that the final paragraph indicates what should happen next.e.g. I will send a messenger to your office on Tuesday morning to collect the faulty goods.e.g. Please let me have your order by the beginning of the month. 

5. Action عمله المطلوبAny action that you want the reader to do should be clearly described, using politeness phrases. Subordinates should use expressions such as 'Could you...' or ' I would be grateful if...'. Superior

6. Attachments المرفقاتMake sure you refer, in the main message, to any attachments you are adding and of course make extra sure that you remember to include the attachment(s).

7. Endings الخاتمةEnd the message in a polite way. Common endings are:Yours sincerely, Best regards, Best wishes, Regards,If you did not put a comma after the greeting at the beginning of the message, then do not put a comma after the ending either,e.g. Best wishes e.g. Regards 

8. Namesاألسماء Include your name at the end of the message. It is most annoying to receive an email which does not include the name of the sender.

Kind regardsShaker Yalalalli 

Acronymns( االولية (االلفاظ ASAP: as soon as possible يمكن ما بأسرع BTW: By the way فكرة على CU: See you (good-bye) السالمة مع FAQs: Frequently Asked Questions متكررة أسئلة HTH: Hope this helps يفيد هذا أن أتمنى TIA: Thanks in Advance مقدما شكرا IMHO = In My Humble Opinion المتواضع رأيى فى

Model e-mail

51

To : mohammadbasyouni0121423234@yahoo.comFrom: basyounimohammad0195452753@gmail.comDate: 11 March 2010Subject: Very important questions

Dear Mr Jack,I’m a university student from Egypt and I’m writing to get some information about your language courses this summer. I’ve got a few questions: Do you do a course for university students, which helps them with their essay writing skills? How many hours a week are the courses? What sort of accommodation do you offer? What after-school activities are there? Do you do any trips to other towns in the UK?I’m hoping to come over in June, so if you can get back to me as soon as possible, it would be great. Thanks for your help.

Best regards,Ahmad Hasan Araby

ExerciseWrite an e-mail to a friend giving him advice about where to look for information about Egypt's history and civilization. Your name is Kamal and your e-mail is kimokono20002yahoo.com . your friend's e-mail is joseph123@hotmail.com.

…………… ……… …………………………………………

مقدمة :ثم* : فعل ثم فاعل المعلومة بالجملة يكون أن يجب للمجهول المعلوم من نحول لكي

مفعول .( معلومة* تكون فالجملة يليه الذي الفعل يفعل أن يستطيع بفاعل الجملة بدأت فإذا

Active ) أيفاعلها : معلوم

؟* معلومة الجملة هذه أن عرفت كيف؟ . Sami الفاعل كذلك أليس السندوتش يأكل أن يمكنه

تكون* فالجملة يليه الذي الفعل يؤدي أن يستطيع ال بفاعل الجملة بدأت إذا أمافاعلها : (passive) مجهولة مجهول أي

52

Part 2Grammar

Grammar

Passive verbs , past & present

Rami ate his sandwich.

Sami's sandwich was eaten.

السندوتش : ! : أكل فنقول ال بالطبع ؟ نفسه السندوتش أكل تقول أن يصح هلعالن . أو فالن بواسطة

المجهولة : بالجملة يكون أن البد للمجهول المعلوم من التحويل عند نقول هنا ومنصيغ يكون : to be + p.pاحدي كأن الجملة زمن في

: مجهولة الجملة تصبح ولكي* فاعال( ....1) المعلومة الجملة مفعول ضعالمعلومة .v. to be + p.pهات( 2) الجملة زمن فيالمعلومة( + 3) الجملة فاعل .byأكتبهكذا( : 4) يكون المعلومة الجملة كلمات فاعل فعل مفعول ترتيب

فاعل : + هكذا يكون المجهولة الجملة كلمات مفعول + .by + P.P + to beوترتيب

Find the سؤال أو االختيارات فى للمجهول المبنى على تتعرف كيفmistakes ؟

يفعل أن يستطيع ال بفاعل الجملة بدأت :إذا The homework writes . ( x )

The homework is written( / ) .

Rewrite فى للمجهول المبنى على تتعرف كيفالفعل ( ) -1 بعد الذى االسم وهو به بالمفعول تبدأ أن منك طلب :اذا

Hani saw a snake. ) A snake….(

قوسين -2 بين كتب )by: (اذا She will send an e- mail . ) by(

مثل :-3 للمجهول مكون جزء قوسين بين وجدت اذاbe – been – being – am – is – are – was – were

I am studying my lessons now . )being(

Active sentences:Hatim broke the window.       will break, breaks, has broken   Rami made mistakes. 

Active and personal◄any tense/ time◄focus on actor + action

على : قادرا الفاعل يكون المعلوم فىووقت , زمن أى فى الفعل أداء

والحدث الفاعل على يكون والتركيزPassive sentences:  The window was broken by Hatim.      will be broken, is broken, has been brokenMistakes were made (by Rami, by someone). 

Official/ impersonal ◄any tense/ time ◄focus on the thing

غير : الفاعل يكون المجهول فىوالتركيز , الفعل أداء على قادر

الشىء على يكون

53

am , is, are , was , were , is being , was being , have been , had been , will be , ………… + p.p

Active / Passive Overviewالمبنى : فى وضعها عدم المدرسين بعض اعتاد الجدول هذا فى األزمنة بعض تنويه

كتابات , على هذا فى واعتمدنا الجدول هذا فى جاء ما هو الصحيح لكن للمجهولكبار . مؤلفين

Tense Active Passive

Simple Presentالبسيط المضارع

Once a week, Salma cleans the house.

Once a week, the house is cleaned by Salma.

Present Continuous

المستمر المضارع

Right now, Hagar is writing the letter.

Right now, the letter is being written by Hagar.

Simple Pastالبسيط الماضى

The USA and the West planted Israel in the Arabian land.

Israel was planted in the Arabian land by the USA and the West.

Past Continuousالمستمر الماضى

The saleswoman was helping the customer when the thief came into the store.

The customer was being helped by the saleswoman when the thief came into the store.

Present Perfectالتام المضارع

Many tourists have visited the Sphinx.

The Sphinx has been visited by many tourists.

Present Perfect Continuous

التام المضارعالمستمر

Recently, Ameer has been doing the work.

Recently, the work has been being done by Ameer.

Past Perfect

التام الماضى

Kofta had repaired many cars before he received his mechanic's license.

Many cars had been repaired by Kofta before he received his mechanic's license.

Past Perfect Continuous

التام الماضىالمستمر

Chef Osama had been preparing the restaurant's fantastic dinners for years before he moved to Dubai.

The restaurant's fantastic dinners had been being prepared by Chef Osama for years before he moved to Dubai.

Simple FutureWILLالمستقبل

Samar will finish the homework by 4:00 PM.

The homework will be finished by 4:00 PM.

Simple FutureBE GOING TO

Sarah is going to make a beautiful dinner tonight.

A beautiful dinner is going to be made by Sarah tonight.

54

Future ContinuousWILL المستقبل المستمر

At 9:00 PM tonight, Reham will be washing the dishes.

At 8:00 PM tonight, the dishes will be being washed by Reham.

Future ContinuousBE GOING TO

At 8:00 PM tonight, Peter is going to be washing the dishes.

At 8:00 PM tonight, the dishes are going to be being washed by Peter.

Future PerfectWILL

التام المستقبل

They will have completed the project before the deadline.

The project will have been completed before the deadline.

Future PerfectBE GOING TO

They are going to have completed the project before the deadline.

The project is going to have been completed before the deadline.

Future Perfect ContinuousWILL

التام المستقبلالمستمر

The famous artist will have been painting the picture for over six months by the time it is finished.

The picture will have been being painted by the famous artist for over six months by the time it is finished.

Future Perfect ContinuousBE GOING TO

The famous artist is going to have been painting the picture for over six months by the time it is finished.

The picture is going to have been being painted by the famous artist for over six months by the time it is finished.

Used to My father used to pay the gas bills.

The gas bills used to be paid by my father.

Would Always My mother would always make the cakes.

The cakes would always be made by my mother.

Future in the Past(WOULD) & modals

المستقبل الشرطىالناقصة واألفعال

I knew Jehad would(could) finish the work by 5:00 PM yesterday.

I knew the work would (could) be finished by Jehad by 5:00 PM yesterday.

Future in the PastWAS GOING TO

I thought Basant was going to make a beautiful dinner tonight.

I thought a beautiful dinner was going to be made by Basant tonight.

  More Examples : 1 .They were being kept under observation.

2 .They should be punished for stealing the banks money ..3 .It had been delivered to customers.

55طريقة أفضل

هذه لفهمهى : األمثلةالى ترجمتها

العربية .

4 .He will be asked to participate.5 .Support and encouragement will be needed.

6 .We were being helped by volunteers .7 .They were expected at six o'clock.

8 .The house has been robbed .9 .The party had been organized by the club members.

10 .He might have been allowed to come.11 .We could have been seen from the island.

12 .They should have been guarded more carefully.13 .They were being prepared for the big match.

14 .The matter is being dealt with satisfactorily.15 .We will be given financial assistance.

16 .You will be considered guilty if you escape.17 .You had been told about it.

18 .The Future Series was written by Mr Basyouni.19 .Intelligent scientists are usually chased by Israel.

20 .The Palestinian leader El-Mabhouh was assassinated by the Mosaad .

Verbals in Passive Structures الفعلية الصيغ 1. infinitive phrase in the passive voice :

Subject: To be appointed as a minister by the Prime Minister is a great honor.

Object: That child really likes to be cared for by her mother. Modifier: Mohammad Nageeb was the first man to be chosen

president after the 1952 revolution.

2. passive gerunds.

Subject: Being elected by the Prime Minister is a great honor.

Object: I really don't like being lectured to by my boss. Object of preposition: I am so tired of being lectured to by

my boss.

للمجهول : المبنى فى توضع ال التالية األفعالresemble look like equal agree with

mean contain hold لـ comprise يتسع

lack suit fit become

This boy is resembled to his brother . )X( This boy resembles his brother) √( .

56

-I have to lend you money . ) You……..( You have to be lent money.

. المسروقة اآلثار تسترد أن يجب : ترجم

-He doesn't play football . ) Football ( *Football isn't played by him.

. الغابة وسط البرية الحيوانات ترى : - ال ترجم

-He didn't answer the question . ) The question ( *The question wasn't answered by him.

. باالمس الواجب يكتب : - لم ترجم

-We need to clean the house . ) The house (

*The house needs to be cleaned. -He needs to mend the car . ) The car (

*The walls need painting. )be( -The walls need to be painted .

. ينظف أن الى بحاجة : - المنزل ترجم

1 -I remember my father taking me to the zoo . ) being ( I remember being taken by my father to the zoo.

2 -I hate people keeping me waiting . ) being ( I hate being kept waiting.

3 -The teacher made us co-operate . ) We ( We were made to co-operate.

4 -He let people deceive him . ) himself ( He let himself be deceived.

5 -They used a key to open the door . ) The door ( The door was opened by using a key . ) with a key (

6 -I know who shut the window . ) by ( I know by whom the window was shut.

57

المجهول have to / has to / had toصيغة( 1) في تحول

have to , has to , had to + be + p.p

بـ( 2) المنفي .doesn't / don't + infالمضارع

am not / isn't / aren't + p.p

wasn't / weren't + p.p

صيغة( 4) )need )s( to + inf . / need )sتحول+ v.ing

بـ( 3) المنفي .didn't + infالماضيإلى : يحول

need )s( to be + p.pإلى

Some useful sentences:

I know who the window was shut by. 7 -We all consider him a genius . ) He (

He's considered to be a genius. 8 -We all consider that he's a genius . ) He (

He's considered to be a genius. 9 -We all considered he was a genius . ) He (

He was considered to have been a genius. 10 -They called early on the man . ) The man (

The man was early called on. 11 -I no longer need your services . ) Your services (

Your services are no longer needed. 12 -Do you homework more accurately . ) done (

Let your homework be done more accurately. 13- The building needs reconstruction . ) reconstructed ( The building needs to be reconstructed .

(1) Underline the correct answer:

1 .Agatha (taught – was teaching – was taught – teaches) at home by her mother. 2 .Some of her stories (are basing – based – is based – are based) on her travels to those

countries.3 .Since then , the play (has been performing – had been performing – has been

performed – has performed) without a break.4 .Her best books have (be published – being published – been published – been

publishing) in over a hundred countries.5 .The Mousetrap (was written – was writing – wrote – has been written) in 1947 by

Agatha Christie.6 .It (was writing – was written – wrote – written) as a radio play called Three Blind Mice.

7 .The play's name (was changed – changed – was changing – changes) and was performed in the theatre.

8 .For the first eleven years , the same characters (were played - were playing – played– play) by the main actors.

9 .During the night , one of the guests (murdered – was murdering – was murdered – is murdered) by someone.

10 .Agatha Christie's books were (translated – translating – translator – translate) into more than 40 languages.

11 .In 2008 , the Olympic Games (were watching – were watched – watched – have been watched) by millions of people all over the world.

12 .The Eiffel Tower (was designed – was designing – has designed – had designed) by Gustave Eiffel in 1889.

13 .The Cairo Metro (is using – has used – uses – is used) by about two million passengers every day.

14 .Many of Agatha Christie's stories have (been made – been making – be made – be making) into films and TV programmes.

15 .This year's prize for crime fiction has been (win – winner – wins – won) by a 78-year- old man.

16 .The last World Cup Final (were seen – was seen – is seen – had been seen) on TV by three hundred million people.

58

Exercises

17 .English and Arabic (is spoken – are speaking – are spoken – is speaking) in most tourist offices.

18 .One of our classroom windows (has been broken – has broken – is breaking – was breaking) by someone.

19 .A lot of fruits (grown – is grown - are grown – grew) in the desert nowadays .20 .Toyotas (are making – made – have made - are made) in Japan .

21 .Her purse was (steal – stole – stealing – stolen).22 .She (was given – is given – had been given – has been given) bad advice yesterday .

23 .English is (speak – speaking – spoke - spoken ) everywhere.24 .The door (should be locking – should lock – should be lock - should be locked).

25 .Zaki had had several interviews before he (had been hired – has been hired - was hired – was being hired ) by a software company .

26 .A mistake has been (made- make – making – to make). 27 .Several thousand people in Haiti (killed - were killed – had killed – was killed) by the

2010 earthquake.28 .Stolen money has (to be returned – to return – to be returning – to been returned) to

the banks. 29 .The cake (isn't made – wasn't made – didn't make – wasn't making) by Sameera

yesterday.30 .I remember (be – been – to be – being) given presents by my uncle in my childhood .

31 .I know by whom the door (open – was open – was opening – was opened). 32 .Let your work (to be done - be done – be doing – to be doing ) more carefully.

33. The factory needs (to be rebuilt – to be rebuilding – to rebuild – to rebuilding) . 34 .Shopping in the future (will do – will be done – will be doing – will be do ) on the

internet.35 .I hate being (kept – keep – to keep – keeping) waiting.

36 .We were made (to help – help – to helping – helping) each other.37 .He let himself (been cheated – being cheated - be cheated – be cheat ).

38. ( Was my question understood – Did my question understand – Was my question understand – Were my question understood ) yesterday?39. At the moment , the horse (was being ridden – was riding – is riding - is being ridden) by the girl.40. To be (laugh – laughed – laughing – laughter) at is something I can't bear.2. Find the mistakes in each of the following sentences, then write them correctly:

1 .Are they expect to arrive? 2 .Will the orders be giving to him?

3 .We were teach English last years.4 .A letter has just been send to him.

5 .A big discount was offer to us if we bought the whole package.6 .Don't let yourself been deceived.

7 .The homework had written by Radwa by 3:00 yesterday.8 .The lesson has explained by the teacher.

9 .New houses for the youth will be built from the government next year.10 .A favourable reply had being sent before they telephoned again.

11 .I am always give good advice by my teachers.12 .This flat needs to be repainting.

13 .There's no need for you to raise your voice . You can be hearing easily.14 .They were being given advice by their teacher now.

15 .The letter translated from English into Arabic.59

16 .A lot of prisoners were transform to another prison last week.17 .Too much money stole from our national banks years ago.

18 .Can I be help by you? 19 .After the ticket had checked by the conductor , I was shown my seat.

20 .While he was being question by the police officer , he died.

Passive Constructions(impersonal passive)

مجهولة تركيباتأن It is said … / He is said to be / to have been يقال

1 -People say that he is a liar . ( It ) ( He )بـ نبدأ أن يمكن مجهولة إلى المعلومة الجملة هذه تحويل هكذا :Heأو Itعند

كذاب أنه .a- It is said that he is a liarيقال

كذاب أنه .b- He is said to be a liarيقال

2 -People said that he was a thief . ( It ) ( He ) لصا إنه .a- It was said that he was a thiefقيل

لصا كان إنه b- He was said to have been a thief . (to be a thief )قيل

سبق ما يلخص :جدولHeItالزمن

He is said to + inf.It is said that + sub. + v.المضارعHe was said to + inf.

He was said to + have + P.PIt was said that + sub. + v.الماضي

نستبدل أن ………It / He isبـ : It / He is saidيمكن

allegedsuggestedagreedfoundfeltsupposedknownannounceddiscoveredexpecteddecidedthought

60

فاعل + + that + * It is + P.Pفعل

مصدر + to ++*He is + P.Pالتكملة

فاعل + + that + * It was + P.Pفعل

to have + P.P + * He was + P.Pالتكملة + to be + He was + P.Pالتكملة +

جمل مفيدة وحلولها

that the thief is a boy . (It) ( The thief ) 1يزعم -The police allege *It is alleged that the thief is a boy.

*The thief is alleged to be a boy.

2 -People thought that they emigrated to Canada . ( It ) ( They ) *It was thought that they emigrated to Canada.

*They were thought to have emigrated to Canada.

3 -We believe that he can beat illness . ( It ) ( He ) *It is believed that he can beat illness.

*He is believed to capable of beating illness.

4 -It has been thought that he will be alive . ( He ) *He has been thought to be alive.

5 -It was found that he was guilty . ( He ) *He was found to have been guilty.

6 -He is claimed to be the landlord . ( It ) *It is claimed that he is the landlord.

7 -You should work hard . ( supposed ) *You are supposed to work hard.

ترجم :كثيرة- .1 بيوتا يشترى أنه قيلالرجل- .2 من أطول تعيش المرأة أن يقالللعمل- . 3 زوجها مع سافرت أنها يعتقد

عليه .-4 القبض القى المطار الى وصل أن بعدسنوات .-5 خمس لمدة اللص سجن6-. سنين طيلة الدلتا فى القطن زرع لقدالباب , .-7 أغلق الفصل دخلت أن بمجرد8-. يتقاعد أن قبل لسنوات طريقه عن تعطى األوامر كانت لقد

1- Underline the correct answer in brackets:

1 .Columbus )was believed to – was believing – believed – it was believed ( discover

America .2( .Children are said - It is said children – Children said – Children are

saying ) to be afraid of ghosts.

3 .Nowadays , people )are believe – believed – to believe – believe( that English is the

most widely spoken language .

61

Exercises

4 .The police )reporting - have reported- are report – to report( that it was Mahrous

who caused the accident.5 .A journalist )report – reports- is report – reporting( that they are

leaving Moscow tomorrow night.

6 .English)believed – it is believed - is believed – is believing( to be the most widely

spoken language.7 .El-Saffah has been reported to )had – has – having – have(

committed the crime.8. The parliament member is )said – saying – to say – say( to be tried. بحاكم

9( .It is said – They are said – It say – To be said )that children are afraid of ghosts.

10 .It )was thought – was thinking – thought – is thinking ( that Columbus never

realized that he had discovered America.11 .Children were reported )to playing – to play – playing – to played(

in the park.12( .It believed - It is believed – It is believing – Believing ) that

English is the most widely spoken language.

13( .It was reported – It report – Its report – It was report ) that it was Abu-Douma

who killed the boy.14 .He is believed )to sing – that he sings – to singing – sing(

beautifully.15( .He is said - It is said – It say – Said ) that the President will make

a tour round Europe.

2. Find the mistakes in each of the following sentences , then write them correctly:

1 .Animals were believing to be killed in the fire last night.2 .My parents are believe to be the best parents in the world.

3 .It was thinking that the car was a present from his uncle.4 .Drugs believed to be very dangerous.

5 .It is think that heroine and hemp are destructive to the society.6 .It is know that he escaped with his partner.

7 .Shamandi was known that he stole iron from the factory.8 .It was believe that our team would play in the World Cup.

9 .The team considered to play in the final.10 .His business was thought to been expanded .

Test 5

62

1) Respond to each of the following situations: (4 marks)1. Someone says "I'm having problems spending my free time".2. Nourhan asks you to go with her to buy a computer, but you refuse politely.3. You have received your wonderful exam results .4. There is a cut on your brother's leg and you want to know the cause.

2) Say where each of the following mini- dialogues take place and who

the speakers are: (4 marks) 1. A: Are you Osama Hosni ? B: Yes. A: I have a letter for you. Please , sign here. B: Here's my signature. Thank you.

2. A: What's your full name? B: Salim Abu Shikara El-Torbini. A: Reports say you are a thug , بلطجى and you frighten people. B: No , sir . people are afraid by nature. A: Do not philosophize . I'll refer you to the prosecution.النيابة

3) Underline the correct answer : ( 8 marks) 1 .One of our classroom windows )has been broken – has broken – is

breaking – was breaking( by someone.2. They are using a very powerful (transistor – translator – transplant – transmitter) to send signals to the astronauts.

63

A- language functions

B- Vocabulary and structure

Place : …………Speaker A : …………Speaker B : …………

Place : …………Speaker A : …………Speaker B : …………

3 .Stolen money has )to be returned – to return – to be returning – to been

returned( to the banks.4. The American (invasion – persuasion – cooperation – organization) to Iraq was said to have been a big mistake.5. He got (happy – embarrassed – well – surprised) when he was in a real problem.

6 .I remember )be – been – to be – being( given presents by my uncle in my childhood. 7. Before reading the details , I always look at the newspaper (heads – headlines – head quarters – headlights) first.

8 .At the moment , the horse )was being ridden – was riding – is riding - is being

ridden( by the girl.9 .Many children are ( afraid – shy – interested – keen) when they first go to school.

10. )It was reported – It report – Its report – It was report ( that it was Abu-Douma

who killed the boy.11 .He banged his head and is now suffering from ( ammonia – amnesia –

amazement– ambulance.(12 .Some of her stories )are basing – based – is based – are based( on

her travels to those countries.

13. After they saw the mouse , They decided to put a (fridge – ladder – mirror – mousetrap) in the kitchen.

14 .The Eiffel Tower )was designed – was designing – has designed – had designed(

by Gustave Eiffel in 1889.15. Archaeologists are planning a new ( excavation – exercise – excellence – experience) in the south of the country.

16 .Agatha )taught – was teaching – was taught – teaches( at home by her mother.

4) Find the mistake in each of the following sentences, then write them

correctly: (6 marks)1. Agatha Christie's books were translating into many languages.2. A leader is a person who follows people.3. The Mousetrap written by Agatha Christie.4. He was a murderer because he didn't do any crime.5. Petra captured by the Romans AD 106.6. Amnesty means being unable to remember.

64C- Reading comprehension and set Book

5) Read the following passage then answer the questions:- (5 marks) Autumn is the season that falls between summer and winter. There are many changes that begin in this fascinating season. Days become shorter. Leaves of trees turn from green to vibrant red, yellow and orange. Trees need sunlight to keep their leaves a lively green. Without sunlight leaves turn colors. The grass is no longer blanketed with dew but with frost, almost every morning, as temperatures reach the freezing point. Animals start storing up a food supply to last through the long winter months. These changes occur as we adjust from the heat of the summer to the chill of the winter.A- Answer the following questions :

1 .Why do leaves change color during Autumn?2 .What do animals begin to do to prepare for the end of Autumn?

3 .Why do trees need sunlight? B- Choose the right answer from a, b , c , or d :-

4 .Which of the following changes may occur during Autumn? a-days become shorter b-it becomes very hot

c-days become longer d-there is more sunlight 5 .Which of the following sentences is correct: a- Autumn comes between winter and spring

b- Autumn comes between summer and winter c- Autumn comes between spring and summer d- Autumn comes between summer and winter

6) Read the following passage then answer the questions:- (5 marks) Many people like to go to amusement parks to have fun, but I don’t! Lastyear, a group of my friends decided to spend the whole day at Magic Land, anamusement park in my city. I thought I would have a very good time, but I waswrong. I had the worst time ever. We went on too many roller coasters. At first, they were all very excitingand I screamed. My friends wanted to ride more of them, and so for three hours we didn’t stop to rest. I was very embarrassed.That was when my friends decided that we needed a lunch break if they wanted me to survive the whole day. My stomach was still feeling awful, but they insisted that I needed to eat if I was going to have enough energy for the rest of the day. When I went to one of the food stands, however, I saw that the prices were outrageous. I spent twenty pounds on a large order of fries. I picked up the saltshaker,and to my surprise the top fell off, spilling a pile of salt on my food. My fries were ruined! By now I was really upset and my face was red, so my friends suggested wego on a water ride so I could cool down. I thought it was a good idea, but when werode it, I forgot to take my glasses off. At one point, they fell off and into thewater. I watched helplessly as they sank to the bottom while we kept rushingforward in our raft. I had to go through the rest of the day practically blind.I have decided that I will never go to Magic Land again, even if someone offered me a million pounds to do it!A. Answer the following questions:

65

1. What happened to the narrator’s glasses?2. Why didn't the narrator enjoy her lunch ?3. Did the narrator enjoy her day at Magic Land? Why / Why not? B. choose the correct answer from a, b, c, d:4. The narrator’s friends made her eat lunch because……… a) they wanted her to have enough energy for the whole day b) she said she was hungry c) she forgot to eat breakfast d) she was not going to eat dinner5. The narrator and her friends rode roller coasters for ……. hours before she started feeling sick. a) two b) four c) three d) five

7) A- Answer the following questions: (7 marks)1-Where was Dr Hafez digging up?2-Why did Dr Hafez say that Leila had come at a suitable time?

B : Read the following quotations and then answer the questions : "The Incas and the Ancient Egyptians put gold and silver objects beside the bodies of

their kings."1. What other things did they put beside the bodies?2. In which way did the Incas were different from the Ancient Egyptians?"

C : Complete the following sentences: 1-Dr Hafez asked Leila to be in charge ……………………..2-Out of jealously, Amalia …

8) Write an advice e-mail to a friend about how to keep fit . (6 marks)Your name is Ameen and your e-mail is ameenalatool@yahoo.com.Your friend's name is Saleh and his e-mail is salehmoshtaleh@yahoo.com. F- Translation

9) A- Translate into Arabic :-Citizenship is the state of being a citizen of a particular social, political, or national community. The legal duties of citizenship vary depending on one's country . These duties may include such items as: paying taxes, ,voting ,serving in the country's armed forces when called upon , obeying the criminal laws enacted by one's government, even while abroad.

B- Translate into English :

66

D- The novel : ( The Mask of Gold )

E- Writing

المليئة- 1 رواياتها أجمل لكتابة ممتازة فرصا لها وفر الشرق في كريستى أجاثا تجوال

باألسرار.البوليسية- .2 الرويات بكتابة اشتهرت انجليزية كاتبة كريستى أجاثا

bark الشجر لحاء harden يقسى –

يقوىring (n.) حلقة tube أنبوبcardboard ورق – كرتون

مقوىinstrument أداة

products منتجات rubber مطاطsap النبات عصارة toothpaste معجون

اسنانturpentine التربنتين زيت

) تربينتنية)roots جذور

calculate يعد – يحسب extract يستخلصwidth من ( اسم العرض

عريض)leaves النبات أوراق

ideas أفكار damage يضر –يؤذى goats ماعز cells خالياsoft tubes انابيب

( رقيقة( شعريةwood خشب

form (v.) يكون –يشكل remove يزيلthin رقيق –نحيف narrower أضيقwider -–أوسع أعرض

أرحبlocal محلى

shelter مأوى describe يصفreplace يستبدل freeze يتجمد / يجمدdifference اختالف irrigate يروىsandstorm رملية عاصفة fuel وقود

67

Unit (6) The importance of trees األشجار أهمية Part 1 Vocabulary

fields حقول recently موجزا –حديثا nuts البندق –الجوز serious reason خطير / سبب

مهمheating تسخين - تدفئة breathe يتنفسadd يضيف furniture أثاث –موبليا list قائمة musical instruments موسيقية االتglobal warming الحراري االحتباس valuable قيم –ثمن sports equipment رياضية معدات remover مزيلuses (n.) استخدامات manage يقدر - يتمكنchemicals كيماوية مواد palm trees النخيل أشجارtypes أنواع disadvantages=)cons) عيوبSouth America الجنوبية أمريكا environment بيئة

materials خام مواد tie يربطadvantages =(pros) مزايا open out ع يفرد –يوسinstructions –تعليمات

إرشاداتwooden خشبي

finally أخيرا device جهازstick عصا press يضغطfertilizer مخصب –سماد dig يحفرhammer شاكوش –مطرقة activity نشاطrecharge الشحن يعيد

رصيد /يشحن( )بطارية جديد من

branch فرع ends أطرافwide عريض width العرضlong أفقيا طويل length الطولhigh مرتفع –عال height العلو –االرتفاع deep عميق depth العمقstrong قوى strength القوةnarrow ضيق traffic المرورwiden يعرض –يوسع weak ضعيفstrengthen يقوى trousers بنطلون

68

W. B

shorten ريقص sharpen ( ) سكينا –يسن يشحذ

popular مألوف –شعبي queues صفوفlengthen يطول climate مناخclose together بعضها من قريبة

البعضtemperature الحرارة درجة

a headache صداع mix يخلطboil يغلى correct order صحيح ترتيبbullet point نقطي تعداد

( صغيرة( نقطةmelt يذيب –يذوب

كتاب من صـ TGينقل

Why do we need trees?If you ask people why we need trees, most of them will answer "we need wood

from trees for building houses"; "we get fruit and nuts from trees"; "we make paper out of wood as a fuel for cooking and heating". Recently' people have added a more serious reason to this list: "Trees help the earth to breathe" or "they protect us from global warming".

It has been said that more then 5000 things in everyday use are made from trees. Here are a few of them: furniture' sport equipment, pencils, magazines and newspaper, cardboard boxes, musical instruments and-believe it or not –some kinds of toothpaste.

In addition to these uses, trees also give us valuable chemicals. Turpentine, which is used as a paint remover, is made from the sap of trees. Sap of trees. IF wood is heated, chemicals are produced which can be used to make medicines and some kinds plastic. Wood products can also be turned into paper, cardboard and materials from which clothes can be made. You may be surprised to hear that wood products are also used in some types of ice cream and other foods.

69

Tape script

Reading

So, the next time you are reading a newspaper, eating an ice cream , playing the piano or cleaning your teeth, just stop and think: how would you manage to do these things if there were no trees?

cut down trees األشجار يقطع depend on على يعتمدcarry(s) from…. to إل.....من ...يحمل

ىlisten to إلى ينصت

connected with بـ عالقة لها add to إلى يضيفdo damage to بـ ....يضر made from من مصنوعprotect from من يحمى make medicines أدوية يصنعbelieve it or not تصدق ال او صدق manage to .. أن من يتمكنturn into إلى يحول make a list قائمة اعملlook around the room أرجاء فى انظر

الحجرةgood for لـ صالح- صالح فى

compare with بـ قارني tie ……to بـ........ يربط instead of من بدال At this point النقطة هذه عندfirst of all كل وقبل أوال

شئfall over عال مكان من تهوى

wait for الـ .... ينتظر look for عن يبحثthink about في بجدية يفكر

harden يقسى x soften يرققpossible ممكن x impossible مستحيلdifference اختالف x similarity تشابهfreeze يتجمد x melt يذوبdry جاف x wet مبتلconnected له / منفصل

عالقةx disconnected ال / منفصل

لـ عالقةprotect يحمى x endanger للخطر يعرضglobal عالمى / كونى x local محلىadvantages مزايا x disadvantages عيوبfill يمأل x empty غ يفر

70

Useful phrases

Opposites

outside خارج - بالخارج x inside –بالداخل داخل

wide واسع –عريض x narrow ضيقlong طويل x short قصيرhigh عال x low منخفضdeep عميق x shallow ضمنstrong قوى x weak ضعيفhard صلب x soft رقيق

sharp حاد x blunt ( ) تلم حاد غيرheavy ثقيل x light خفيف

harden يقسى cut مقطوع –يقطع hardening تقسية cutting القطعhardened (adj.) ( مخربش ( متمرس cutter قاطعprogramme برنامج remove يزيلprogramming برمجة remover مزيلprogrammer مبرمج removal نقل –إزالة calculate يحسب heat حرارة –يسخن calculator حاسبة heating تدفئة –تسخين calculation عد –حساب heater سخانprotect يقى –يحمى manage يدير –يتمكن protector واقى –حامى manager مديرprotection وقاية –حماية management تمكن –إدارة globalize يعولم global عالمى –كونى globalization عولمة

word definition arabic meaning

bark (n.) the outer covering of a tree لحاءharden (v.) to make something firm , stiff or strong. يقسىring (n.) an object in the shape of circle حلقةtube (n.) a round pipe made of metal, glass rubber , أنبوب

71

Derivatives

Definitions

etc especially for liquids or gases to go through

cardboard (n.) stiff thick brown paper , used especially for making boxes

كرتون

instrument a small tool used in work such as science or medicine : surgical instruments

أداة

products things grown or made in a factory in large quantities to be sold

منتجات

rubber a substance used to make tyres,كاوتش boots أحذيةetc which is made from the juice of tropical trees استوائية or أشجارartificially:أوصناعيا a rubber ball

مطاط

sap the watery substance that carries food through a plant (sapعبيط )

عصارة

toothpaste a thick substance that you use to clean your teeth.

أسنان معجون

turpentine a type of oil used for making paint more liquid or removing it from clothes etc.

التربنتين زيت( تربنتينة(

Word Arabic

meaning

Word Arabic

meaning

Word Arabic

meaning

widen يوسع wide واسع width العرضlengthen يطول long طويل length الطولheighten يعلى –يرفع high عال height االرتفاع-

العلوdeepen يعمق deep عميق depth العمقstrengthen يقوى strong قوى strength القوةsharpen يسن sharp –حاد

مسنونsharpness الحدة

shorten ر يقص short ريقص shortness القصر

72

Verbs, adjs & nouns

harden يقسى hard –صلب قاسى

hardness الصالبة

cardboard box كرتوني صندوق paint remover للبوية مزيلglobal warming حراري احتباس sports equipment رياضية معداتice cream / جيالتي كريم آيس

مثلجة/ بوظةrubber gloves مطاط جوانتى

musical instrument موسيقية أداة

فكرة , كل تبدأ أن األفضل فمن قوائم أو مالحظات أو تعليمات تكتب أو تعطى عندما ( أن ( على أخرى نقطة فى تحتها األخرى والفكرة نقطة فى الفكرة يعنى نقطى بتعداد

كاألتى : ترتيبك يكون First…أوال(wash your hands.)

Next , ذلك بعد (.mix rice with vegetables) ثم

Finally وأخيرا (put them on the cooker and wait.)

How long is that street?= What length is that street?

1- This shirt is made of cotton.

73

Giving instructions

اعطاء التعليمات

Language tips نصائح لغوية

Noun phrases

1- How wide ….? = what width….?

How + adj …? = What + n.

2- is made of / is made from

2- This house is made of bricks.3- Paper is made from trees.4- Cokes are made from flour.

المثال وكذلك , 1فى أخر شيئا يصبح ولم شكله يتغير ولم القميص فى مازال القطن

المثال فى مازال 2الحال .طوبا فالطوبالمثال فى المثال , 3أما فى الدقيق وكذلك ورقا أصبحت بل أشجارا تعد لم فاألشجار

كعكا .4 أصبح بل دقيقا يعد لمفاستخدم: بإختصار* حالها على وبقيت أخر لشكل المادة تتحول لم وإذا made ofإذا

فاستخدم معالمها وتغيرت تحولت made from

- I revised all the questions . In addition, I prepared the next lesson.- In addition to answering all the questions , I prepared the next lesson.

-In addition كاملة جملة بعدها ويأتى الثانية الجملة بداية فى تأتى-In addition to بعدها ويأتى الكالم أول n./v. ingتأتى

1- Respond to each of the following situations:1- You want to give your friend instructions about how to make pizza . What is the

first sentence you'd say.2- A friend asks you what roots of plants are . What do you say?3- Someone asks you what the noun of the word "long" is . How do you reply?4- Someone asks you why trees are very important . What is your answer?5- A friend asks you what the three main words you use when giving instructions

are . How do you reply?

2- Underline the correct answer:1- The (branches – leaves – roots – rings) are the parts of trees that grow under the

grounds and find water.2- The hard outside part of a tree is called the (park – fruit – bark – branch)3- (Loaves – fruit – paper – Leaves) are that green parts at the ends of the branches

of a tree.74

Exercises

3- In addition / In addition to

4- A (loaf – leaf – fruit – root) grows on a plant or tree and has seeds inside.5- Every year , Trees grow extra (rings – circles – branches – roots) of new wood. 6- Every year , the cells under the bark of a tree (weakens – hardens – lightens-

deepens) and becomes new wood.7- This road is too narrow for all today's traffic, so they're going to (widen – deepen

– lengthen – fasten )it. 8- That old bridge over the river is very weak . They'll have to (widen – lengthen –

sharpen – strengthen)it.9- My new trousers are too long, so my mother is going to (lengthen – shorten –

fasten – widen) it soon.10- This knife doesn’t cut very well . I need to (deepen – strengthen – sharpen –

lengthen) it .11- That film is so popular that the queues to see it (shorten – widen – heighten –

lengthen) every day.12- The liquid that carries food in trees is the (tap – cap – sap – map).13- in order to remove paint we can use (rubber – toothpaste – cardboard –

turpentine).14- Boxes for dotes are usually made of (glass – plastic – cardboard – paint). 15- ( Robber – cardboard – Turpentine – Rubber) is used to make car tyres and the

bottom of some shoes.16- People put (rubber – chalk – paint – toothpaste) on their brush to clean their

teeth.17- Abu Samra El-Sokkara plays on all musical (devices – tools – instruments –

sets), but he plays on the lute best.18- The word's tallest tree is nearly 84 metres (long – tall – wide – deep).19- (Tubes – Cells – Bark – Branches) carry water from the roots to the leaves.20- Goats and other animals can (help – eat – kill – benefit) trees by damaging the

bark.21- Every year, soft (cells – tubes – roots – leaves) below the bark of a free form new

wood.22- The more rain there is in a year , the (narrower – thinner – wider – smaller) the

tree rings are.23- The (less – more – little – much) rain there's in a year the narrower the tree rings

are.

75

24- It's possible to (kill – eat – cut – calculate) the age of a tree by using a borer .مثقاب

25- The (wide – widely – widen – width) of the ring depends on the climate.26- (Breaking – Cutting – Smashing – Putting) down trees endangers life.27- When a thin piece of wood is removed from a tree , a (little – lot of – much –

many) damage is done to the tree.28- Some people believe that trees protect the world from (local – international –

universal – global )warming.29- Trees are good (to – at – for – in) the environment.30- Cutting down trees (make – do – take – protect) damage to our environment.

…………………………………………………………………..

3-Find the mistakes ……

……………………………………..…………………………………..

4. Say where there mini-dialogues take place……1. A: I've just found this wallet in your TOKTOK. Take it . B: No, sir . I'm sorry.Take it to the police station and leave it there. A: You're right . I'll do.

2. A: First , you should keep quiet.Then , you mustn't play with the Bunsen Burner or extinguisher . Finally , put away everything after finishing using the lab. B: Yes , sir.

Write a composition of about 120 words about:Clean and green environment is important to all of us.

Make use of the following points :-cleanliness -planting trees -the importance of trees to all living things

76

5- Writing

Place : …………Speaker A : …………Speaker B : …………

Place : …………Speaker A : …………Speaker B : …………

A : Translate into Arabic:

A small seed becomes a big tree that gives shade in summer . Trees always take in polluted air ;Carbon Dioxide, from the environment and in return they give fresh, purified oxygen. Flowers give joyfulness to us. Fruits satisfy our hunger. Trees help in controlling temperature of the environment.

B : Translate into Englishاألضرار - 1 من للبيئة وحماية لإلنسان رزق ومصدر للحيوان غذاء .النباتات2 -. البيئة يضر الذى الكربون أكسيد ثانى وتمتص باألكسجين تمدنا والنباتات األشجار3 -. للطاقة الرئيسى المصدر تعد والتى الطبيعية المكونات أهم من األشجار4. الصوت- تمتص ألنها الضوضاء من لحمايتها المبانى حول األشجار زراعة يمكن5. بظلها- للتمتع تحتها الجلوس عند بالراحة الشعور توفر االشجار

: جزئين من شرطية جملة أى تتكون او الفرعية الجملة وتسمى بديله أو if الرابط بها جملةأ-

ألن( مكتمل) غير معناها الشرطية او األصلية الجملة وتسمى الرابط بها ليس التى الجملة ب-

مكتمل) معناها ألن( النتيجةThe Zero Conditional الصفرى الشرط

IF Conditionالشرط Result النتيجة   present simpleمضارع

بسيطpresent simple بسيط مضارع

If you heat ice it melts.يذوب , فانه الثلـــــــــــــــــــــــــــــج تسخن . لو

If water boils, it turns to steam. الى يتحول فانه المـــــــــــــــــــــــاء يغلى لوبخـــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــار

تسميان ولذا المعمل وفى الطبيعة فى تحدثان السابقتين الجملتين أن جمالالحظ األماكن علمية جميع فى ومنطقية وطبيعية حقيقية والنتيجة دائما صحيحة وهى

كذلك . األوقات الشرط وجميع نستخدم فاننا الحدوث وحتمية طبيعية النتيجة كانت لو البسيط الصفرى المضارع فى والثانى األول الفعالن يكون أن وهو .

77

6- Translation

Part 2Grammar

The zero and first conditional

ملحوظة مهمة :

Look at some more examples in the tables below:

IF condition result

  present simple present simple

If I miss the 8 o'clock bus I am late for work.

If I am late for work my boss gets angry.

If people don't eat they get hungry.

If you heat ice does it melt? 

result IF condition

present simple   present simple

I am late for work if I miss the 8 o'clock bus.

My boss gets angry if I am late for work.

People get hungry if they don't eat.

Does ice melt if you heat it?

The first Conditional االول الشرطIF Conditionالشرط Result النتيجة

  present simpleمضارع بسيط

future simple بسيط مستقبل

If you study hard, you will)'ll( succeed.تنجــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــح , فسوف تذاكر .لــــــــــــــــو

الشرط هذا المستقبل نتيجة فى أو الحاضر فى تتحقق أن بعكس , , يمكن تتحقق ال وقد فيه النتيجة تتحقق وأن البد الذى الصفرى . الشرط

result if condition

future simple   present simple

78

We can also use when instead of if, for example : When)If( I get up late , I miss my bus.

I will come if you invite me

My boss will get angry if I don't do my work.

Sali will understand if she listens carefully.

Will you be happy if I succeed ?

/ can فى جواب الشرط فالبدائل الممكنة هى : will اذا لم تجد may / must / should

More examples:-If I study, I will pass the exams.

-If you see Ranya tonight, tell her to e-mail me.-If Basma gets up early, she can catch the bus.

-If you don't study hard , you won't pass the test.-Unless you study hard , you won't pass the test.

األول الشرط على هامة مالحظاتبـ ) ……… 1 ( البادئة النصيحة الى I advise جملة هكذا : If ) 1 ( تحول

I advise you to work hard to get a high salary . ( If ) If you work hard , you will get a high salary .

هكذا : Unless ( 1 ) الى If …..not ( 1 ) تحول ) 2 ( If you don’t revise , you won’t pass the exam . ( Unless )

Unless you revise , you won’t pass the exam . احذفIf …..not وضعUnless فقط

الشرط) 3 ( أداة تجد لم وهى : if اذا بدائلها عن فابحثwhen – as long a s – so long as – provided that – providing that – in case – on condition that

المستقبل) : 4 ( من بدال أمر فعل يكون أن يمكن الشرط جوابIf you see Hani , tell him that I need him.

استخدام) 5 ( من should يمكن : if بدال

You will have to hold a driving license should (if) you drive a taxi.تحويل) 6 ( الى if يمكن : in case of + n./v.ing والفاعل

If he takes the medicine , he will get better soon. =In case of taking the medicine , he will get better soon.

تحويل) 7 ( الى unless ممكن يليها الذى + but for / without والفاعلn./v.ing :

79

نصيحة فى أذنك

Unless she comes early , we will start without her. =Without her coming early , we will start without her.

تستخدم) 8 ( بسيطا if بعد . will / won't + inf ال مضارعا استخدم لكن ابداالصفرى الشرطين فى

. فقط واألولIf she will write , I will check her writing now. ( X )

If she writes , I will check her writing now( √ ) .بعد) 9 ( منفيا فعال تستخدم ابدا : unless ال

Unless he doesn't take the medicine , he won't recover. (X)Unless he takes the medicine , he won't recover) .√(

صيغة وجدت اذا بسيط مستقبل . Don't…………or + will + inf استخدمDon't play with fire or you will burn yourself.

1- Underline the correct answer in brackets: 1. If he( does – did – had done – will do ) well on the monthly test, he may get higher marks than before.2. We'll need more staff in case we (started – will start - start – starts) the new project. 3. If water (boil- boiled-will boil-boils), it turns to steam. 4. If you take the 8 a.m. flight to Mexico , you (wouldn't - won't – couldn't – didn't ) have to change planes.5. If I find her address, I('d – 'm – 've - ’ll ) send her an invitation.6. If you freeze water, it (would turn – turned – was turning – turns) into ice.7. I will only agree if they (gave – will give – had given – gives) give me more money.

8. If it is raining, the streets (were – had been – got – are getting ) wet. 9. If you add five to five, you (got – get – getting – had got) ten.10. f today is Wednesday, it (was-would be – has been -is )Soha’s birthday. 11. Unless he (got – will get – won't get - gets ) here soon, we will have to start the meeting without him.12. The streets must be getting wet if it (was – had been - is raining- will rain ) , 13. The plan will only succeed (although – but – so - if ) we all stay together. 14. If the exam (is – was – had been – will be ) hard, many students are going to fail. 15. If Fareed studies, he (should – shouldn't – would – wouldn't) pass the exam. 16. If metals are heated, they (won't expand – expand – didn't expand – expands).17. If the market (grows – grew – had grown – grow ) at 8% a month, it will involve new investment rapidly. 18. If Mary does well on the final exam, she (would get – would have got – would be getting - will get) the highest degree in the class. 15. You will have stomachache if you { ate - eat – eats – will eat } too much .16. Where (did you go - would you go – will you go – do you go ) unless I come?

80

Exercises

همسة

17. If she { studied - studies – will study – study } hard, she will succeed .18. In case of (he arrives – his arrival – he arrived – he will arrive) , he will be informed about the matter.20. But for (it rains – it rained – is raining – rain) , many desert lands will dry.21. We { go – won't go – will go - went} to the park in case it rains tomorrow .22. As long as she gets high marks, she { would join - will join – joined – joins } the university .23. Your health will improve on condition that you (exercise – exercised – will exercise – are exercised) regularly.24. We { stayed - stay – are staying – will stay } at home should it rains tonight .25. Don't waste your time or you (will - would – won't – wouldn't ) damage yourself.2. Find the mistakes in each of the following sentences , then write them correctly:

1 .If she comes, I would call you.2 .If I ate too much , I feel sick.

3 .If water boiled , it evaporates . 4 .Maryam would pick you up at school if it rains heavily.

5 .If I learn my vocabulary, I'll get a good mark. 6 .Water condenses if it evaporated.

7 .What will you do if you had an exam tomorrow?8 .In case of it is dangerous , call the police.

9 .If it rains, would you still drive the car?10 .Unless you hurry , you will catch the bus.

11 .If I forget her birthday, Nancy will being upset.12 .If you boil water , it turned into steam.

13 .You'll catch the train if you leave before ten.14. The driver would have an accident if he isn't careful .

15 .I won't go out if it was stormy.

Test 6

1) Respond to each of the following situations: (4 marks)1. A friend asks you your opinion about the importance of trees. Say hat you think.2. "What can I see in Cairo?" Answer this question.3. A tourist asks you how he can learn Arabic. Tell him in simple steps.

81

A- language functions

4. "Tell me what the most important stories in Arabic literature are." Answer this question from a friend.

2) Say where each of the following mini- dialogues take place and who

the speakers are: (4 marks) 1. A: What's wrong with you? B: My teeth hurt. A: Open your mouth. Oh…two jaws are decayed.I'll have to pull them out then stuff them after three days. B: Ok , sir.

2. A: Did you kill a mother and her three children in Bani Mazar ? B: No , sir . it wasn't me . I wasn't at the crime scene then. A: But investigations convict you. التحريات تدينك B: I said I'm innocent . A: The court sees that you have to be reimprisoned for another 14 days as a precautionary measure. احتياطى اجراء

3) Choose the correct answer from a, b , c ,or d : ( 8 marks) 1- A (loaf – leaf – fruit – root) grows on a plant or tree and has seeds inside.2- I'll punish him if he (do – did – does – is done) that again.3- The liquid that carries food in trees is the (tap – cap – sap – map).4- You (could – can – would – might) spend the night here if you like.5- In order to remove paint we can use (rubber – toothpaste – cardboard – turpentine).6- The food will go bad if you (didn't put – has put – had put – don't put) it in the fridge.7- Boxes for dotes are usually made of (glass – plastic – cardboard – paint).8- If you see the criminal , (told – tells – tell – to tell) the police.9- People put (rubber – chalk – paint – toothpaste) on their brush to clean their

82

B- Vocabulary and structure

Place : …………Speaker A : …………Speaker B : …………

Place : …………Speaker A : …………Speaker B : …………

teeth.10- If water (boil- boiled-will boil-boils), it turns to steam. 11- The (branches – leaves – roots – rings) are the parts of trees that grow under the grounds and find water.12- If you freeze water, it (would turn – turned – was turning – turns) into ice.13- The hard outside part of a tree is called the (park – fruit – bark – branch)14- If metals are heated, they (won't expand – expand – didn't expand – expands).15- (Loaves – Fruit – Paper – Leaves) are that green parts at the ends of the branches of a tree.16- If he doesn't hurry , he (will be – would be – would have been – be) late.

4) Find the mistake in each of the following sentences, then write them

correctly: (6 marks)1. Every year, soft tubes below the bark of a tree form new wood.2. If you heat snow , it melted.3.Turbine is used as a paint remover. 4. The depth of the annual ring depend on the climate.5. If I don't get into the academy this year, I'll try again next year.6. We'll stay at home if it rains.

5) Read the following passage then answer the questions:- (5 marks) Trees are the largest and longest living organisms on earth. To grow tall , the tree has become a miracle of engineering and a complex chemical factory. It is able to take water and salts out of the earth and lift them up to the leaves, sometimes over 400 ft above. By means of photosynthesis , the leaves combine the water and salts with carbon dioxide from the air to produce the nutrients الغذائية which الموادfeed the tree. In this process, as well as wood, trees create many chemicals, seeds and fruit of great utility فائدة to man. Trees also remove carbon dioxide, the main greenhouse gas, from the air. Trees are of continued importance to the environment. Tropical rain forests have of particular significance; although they now occupy less than 6 per cent of the land surface of the earth , they probable sustain تغذى more than half of the biological species on the planet.

83

C- Reading comprehension and set Book

A- Answer the following questions :1.Show how the tree has become a miracle of engineering .2.Why are rain forests useful for bilogocal species?3.What happens during the process of photosynthesis ?

B- Choose the right answer from a, b , c , or d :-4. ………..is the main greenhouse gas. a-Oxygen b-Nitrogen c-Carbon Dioxide d-Oxide5. Tropical rain forests cover ……….6 per cent of the land surface of the earth. a-more than b- as much as c-little than d-less than

6) Read the following passage then answer the questions:- (5 marks) A father had a family of four sons who were always quarreling among themselves. One day, he invited them all to a meeting and told them to bring him a bundle of sticks. When they had done so, he placed the bundle into the hands of each of them in succession, and ordered his sons to break the bundle in pieces. They tried with all their strength, but were not able to do it . He next opened the bundle, took the sticks separately, one by one, and again put them into his sons' hands, upon which they broke the sticks easily.He then said, "My sons, if you are of one mind, and united to assist each other, you will be as this bundle, uninjured by all the attempts of your enemies. But if you are divided among yourselves, you will be broken as easily as these sticks."

A. Answer the following questions:1. Why couldn't the sons break the bundle as a whole ?2. When were the sons able to break the bundle ?3. What message did the father want to tell his sons ?

B. choose the correct answer from a, b, c, d:4. Before meeting their father , the sons were continuously …………. a-cooperating b-studying c-helping each other d-quarreling5. The underlined word "united" may roughly mean ………….. a-hopeful b-useful c-joined d-distant

7) A- Answer the following questions: (7 marks)84

D- The novel : ( The Mask of Gold )

1-What similarities were there between the Ancient Egyptians and the Ancient Incas?2-What was strange about the Andes?

B : Read the following quotations and then answer the questions : "So be careful what you say and who you speak to?"

1. What was the mistake that made the speaker say so?2. Why did they have to be careful?

C : Complete the following sentences: 1.The papers that Leila brought from Cairo showed that ……… ……. .2. Every year at important festivals, the Incas mummified kings……… .

8) Write a paragraph about 100 words about: (6 marks)A journey you have just made and never forgot.

F- Translation

9) A- Translate into Arabic :-Cutting trees leads to the degradation of the environment and the extinction of many species. There is now a real danger that will destroy a large proportion of the present population of species on earth, create an uninhabitable environment, and then destroying man himself. If this happens it will not be the first time that a large proportion of the species on the earth have been extinguished.

B- Translate into English :

1. واألشجار. النبات فى الغذاء مصنع هى األوراق2. األرض. سطح تحت تنمو النبات من أجزاء هى الجذور

mapخريطةclimateمناخممطرة forestsغابات rainforestsغابات

ل الوسطى point downسفل أتتجه Central Africaأفريقيا85

Review (B)Part 1

Vocabulary

E- Writing

( سريعا ( يقع come offتزول fall offينزلذلك ضيف – afterwardsبعد guestضيفة

يشرح – refuseيرفض explainيفسرضوضائى upsetحزين noise pollutionتلوث

detective رمخبsaltملح ركاب / wealthyثرى passengersمسافرون

noticeيالحظ purposeغرض أعمال س businessmanرجل secret identityية رهويةمن مكروها realizeيدرك was hated byكان

مخرجوا ( )fullءملى منتجوااألفالم

film-makers

مشاهدة اعchangesتغيرات عند داتالتلفاز

film–watching habits

surpriseيفاجىءresultsنتائج surveyدراسة

من صــــــــــــ T Gينقلل

MURDER ON THE OR IENT EXPRESSHercule Poirot, probably Agatha Christie's most famous detective, had finished

working on a crime in Turkey and was about to go home on the Orient Express. When poirot got on the train, he noticed that it was unusually for the time of year.

Soon after the train had left, a wealthy businessman, Mr. Ratchett, asked Poriot to protect him because he believed his life was in danger. Although offered Poirot a lot of money tm do this. The detective did not believe the man's story and refused to help him?

Now Poirot believed Ratchett's story and, together with a doctor who was also on the train, be started work to solve the crime. The two men soon discovered that Ratchett had a secret identity. He was not a businessman, but a criminal who was hated by many people.

86

Review A

Part 1

Tape script

Reading

After examining the train and Ratchett's body, Poirot realised that the man had almost certainly been murdered by one of the 13people from the same part of the train as Ratchett. This meant that there were 13susrects. One by one, Poirot discovered that these 13people all had a good reason to hate Ratechett. Together, they had carefully planned what they were going to do and had all taken part in the murder. This was why the Orient Express had been so full on that journey.

عن إلى different to/from/thanمختلف look atينظرعن إلى search forيبحث refer toيشير

تتشرب / بـ take inتمتص interested inمهتمجريمة لغز حذرك solve a crimeيحل ! be carefulخذطبيب مع خطر work with a doctorيعمل in dangerفى

الجريمة فى القطار take part in the murderيشارك on the trainفىالبيت إلى by trainبالقطار go homeيذهب

خطوة واحدة –خطوة

األخرى تلوone by one / إلى يصعد يركب

القطار get on the train

بـ على happy withسعيد مستحيلالكتاب

impossible for writers

حول دراسة يعمل

موضوع do a survey مناسبا يكن لم

لذلك He did not look right for the part.

1- Write what you'd say in each of the following situations:1- A friend asks you why you love films. How do you reply ?2- An interviewer asks you what talk shows حوا يةربرامج you love most and why .3- Your teacher asks if you'd like to be a detective. What do you say ?4- You give your friend reasons for not being a spy on his / her country .5- You warn your friend of being a murderer .

2- Underline the correct answer :1- A (raincoat – rainbow – rainforest – rain drop) is a tropical forest with tall trees and a lot of rain.2- We invited many (hosts – hostesses – toddlers – guests) to the party yesterday.

87

Useful phrases

Exercises

3- (Air – Noise – Light – Water) pollution from planes and machine is harmful to people's ears . 4- I hired a hardened (doctor – journalist – writer – detective) to solve the crime that took place last night.5- Ten (drives – conductors – passengers – motorists) on the train were injured in the accident.6- In order to win the Oscar films (takers – doers – bakers – makers) chose the best seller story in the market.7- Hani bought a gold necklace for his wife secretly just to (frighten – sadden – surprise – notice) her.8- (Poor – Wealthy – Healthy – Needy) businessmen should help the disabled and homeless.9- We'er doing a (surf – survey – surver – service) of people's film- watching habits and preferences.10- I couldn't find a foot place on the bus as it was completey (empty – full – wide – expensive)11- The police did not know the criminal's real name because he was carry a (known – famous – secret – busy) identity.12- Hagar (welcomed – agreed – realized – refused) to give me either help or money . That made me really sad.13- Be (careful – care – careless – carefully) ! A dog is coming towards you.14- As soon as I got (in – on – upon – off) the train, the conductor asked me about the ticket.15- My brother works (at – with – against – in) a doctor during the summer holiday and receives 500 pounds per month.16- We didn't take the bus . Instead, we travelled (on – by – with – in) train. 17- Hercule Poirot is a detective who works (for – with – in – on) crimes.18- Mr Ratchett believed that his wife was (in – on – at – by) danger.19- Poirot worked (at – by – with – from) a doctor who was on the train.20- Thirteen people had taken part (in – on – with – for) the murder.

3- Find the mistaken: ………………………………………………………………………………………………

884- Translation

A : Translate into Arabic: The original native place of lotus tree is south Europe and the Himalaya mountains north of China. It is naturally grown in Egypt in the Sinai peninsula. In ancient Egypt , lotus fruit was cultivated in all houses , in court yards. Lotus trees nowadays grow in Upper Egypt.

B : Translate into English:أوراقها- . 1 و أخشابها و ثمرها من األستفادة يمكن كما طبية فؤائد لألشجارالمال- . 2 و والجهد الوقت توفير فى مزايا التكنولوجيا تحققمعهم- . 3 التعامل عند نتواضع أن و اآلخرين نحترم أن يجب

الوحدات قواعد على سريعة 6، 5، 4مراجعة

التدريبات : ----- كراسة على اطلع فضلك ث 3 من

Review (B)1) Respond to each of the following situations:1. A friend asks you your opinion about the importance of the rainforests. Say what

you think. In my opinion the rainforests are very important for the future of the Earth.2. A friend who has never visited your country asks for your advice about places to

see in Egypt. …………………………………………………………………………………3. A friend from another country wants to phone someone from a public phone in

Egypt. He/ She has never done this before. Tell him/her what to do first. …………………………………………………………………………………4. Someone asks what you think about films which have been made from books. …………………………………………………………………………………

89

GrammarPart 2

Test on Review B

2) Choose the correct answer from a, b, c or d: 1. When I was at school I won a poetry writing………………. a) race b) article c) competition d) game2. She sent me the report as an e-mail…………… a) attachment b) letter c) picture d) article

3. The little girl does not want to sing because she is……………… a) innocent b) secret c) spy d) shy4. My favourite musical…………..is the piano. a) player b) instrument c) tool d)

equipment5. I collect postcards which I keep in a ………………..box. a) paper b) card c) cardboard d) wood6. We arrived half an hour late. The film………….half an hour earlier. a) began b) was beginning c) had begun d) has begun7. Agatha Christies' books………………into more than 40 languages. a) have been translated b) have translated

c) translated d) were being translated8. The Romans …………..Petra nearly two thousand years ago. a) have captured b) were captured c) captured d) has captured9. Your train leaves in ten minutes. If you hurry, you………………..it. a) catch b) will catch c) would catch d) are catching10. If I am thirsty,……………water. a) I will drink b) I would drink c) I am drinking d) I drink

3) Find the mistake in each of the following sentences:a. My father loves his job. He worked for the same company for 20 years. He has worked.b. When I was younger, I use to want to be a pilot.c. If you kick the ball too hard, you break that window.d. The Mousetrap written by Agatha Christie.e. Travelling by plane sometimes makes me a headache.f. The street where I live is only three metres width.

4) Read the following , then answer the questions:

More about trees90

Trees have often been important in history. On the Greek island of Kos, there is a tree that is more than 12 metres in width. It is growing in exactly the same place as Hippocrates, the father of medicine, used to teach his pupils. And in another place and time, the English hero Robin Hood is believed to have hidden from his enemies in the branches of large trees.

The English language uses many words connected with trees. You can talk about the branches at a bank or a shop and the trunk of the human body. And if someone has lived somewhere for a long time, you can say they have put sown roots.1. What does the phrase the father of medicine mean? The person who began the study of medicine and made it important.2. Why did Robin Hood hide in trees? …………………………………………………………………………………3. What is a branch of a bank? …………………………………………………………………………………4. What did Hippocrates do on the island of Kos?a. He grew trees.b. He treated patients.c. He taught pupils.d. He took medicine.5. You say people have put down roots when they havea. stayed in a place for a long time.b. lived near some trees.c. moved house.d. just moved somewhere new.

5) Answer the following questions:a. Which of Yehia Haqqi's stories became a famous film? …………………………………………………………………………………b. How did Agatha Christie's experience in the war help her with her novels? …………………………………………………………………………………c. What is turpentine used for? …………………………………………………………………………………

6) Read this quotation and answer the questions:

91

The Beresfords' first suspects are the hotel owner and the scientist, but they soon discover that both are innocent. Then they hear that the invasion is planned for the following week. This means they have seven days to find the enemy and save the country from invasion.a. Who are the Beresfords and what do they do? …………………………………………………………………………………b. Which two people did they find were not spies? …………………………………………………………………………………c. What is the possible crime of the suspects? …………………………………………………………………………………d. Which country is going to be invaded? …………………………………………………………………………………

7) Rewrite the following sentences using the word(s) in brackets, to give

the same meaning.a. I found the story very confusing. (understand) I didn't understand the story.b. The table is two metres long. (length) …………………………………………………………………………………c. Agatha Christie wrote the Mousetrap in 1947. (written) …………………………………………………………………………………d. Water turns to ice when it freezes. (if) …………………………………………………………………………………

8) Write a paragraph of about 100 words about

"a film you have enjoyed recently." …………………………………………………………………………………

9) Translation

a) Translate into Arabic: If wood is heated, chemicals are produced which can be used to make medicines and some kinds of plastic. Wood products are also used in some types of ice cream.

b) Translate into English:1. While he was finishing one story, he was thinking of the next one. …………………………………………………………………………………2. Her books have been published in over a hundred countries.

92

…………………………………………………………………………………

93