Tsinghua › upload › books › yz › 064488-01.pdf · 01n0op "ýfiRSŒz{ç&sas¥æçå.æs¥"...

18
"+,"-. !"#$%& ! #$NO#QchJ$I#);@ch>%&\] ! #$NOijk+>%&\] ! #lmXch>%& ef%&+,º® ¯j#ª7Á2=±i(MN>k àz<12(=DNÄ9 a]^=D2=±i(y*dSEF ç ! M DEF Âà EF4 Ó KEF ! ê MDEF!>b3ï·l¢ ÂÃEF!1S̤>bW/ ÓKEF!1SÓK> bW/ .(, " 3; MDEF!y*EFê´12(EF nÍdÇD!U®)Ì)Ì¢>b 6)Ì>bW·¢G ¥Üç .(- " ; ÂÃEF!ç&/0̤(HKÎÝ ² o½a ¢ ¨> b (EF> b ê ) ïe ÂÃEF® ç&¥v(Âà =D(éW7¥v(9ÎE³ ! VÐ(ÂÃ> b 7 #Q4$I#);@ .(-(, " "F P #Q>b!´MN´dS(̤>b zbaç&/0(E³7¢¥v(>b #Q> bW!)t!WS(Âà nWëì /0 Ì ¤ ! ·o½! Ý a ¢ ®8(> b #Q> b 7 {Ñ*RS2ý "" #ZA þôx"ý D< >bDË J å "" #ZA þôx"ý D< >bDË J)/")< >bDË J ÅMïz{'"çå2ý

Transcript of Tsinghua › upload › books › yz › 064488-01.pdf · 01n0op "ýfiRSŒz{ç&sas¥æçå.æs¥"...

Page 1: Tsinghua › upload › books › yz › 064488-01.pdf · 01n0op "ýfiRSŒz{ç&sas¥æçå.æs¥" −!fiÓKZŒa–†(>b“7)t#z{—7âŁŒ»#†8¸’eQ+9ÓK¢‘ (2=" $.%ƒ)˙”*Q+9ÓKŸ#ßÞÓK–iÙ3(w˜Þ"

!

#

"

"+,"-.

!"#$%&

!

#$NO

#Q

chJ

$I#);@

ch>%&\]

!

#$NOijk+>%&\]

!

#lmXch>%&

ef%&+,º®

#

¯j#ª7Á2=±i(MN>k

#

àz<�12(=D

"

NÄ9

a]^=D2=±i(y*dSEF

#

ç�!MDEF

!

ÂÃEF4ÓKEF

"

!

!

ê

#

MDEF!>b3ï·�l�¢�

#

ÂÃEF!1S̤>bW/

#

ÓKEF!1SÓK>

bW/

"

.(,

"

� 3 ; �

MDEF!y*EFê´12(EF

#

nÍd��ÇD!U�®)Ì)Ì�¢�>b

#

6)Ì>b�W·¢�G

#

¥Ü���ç�

"

.(-

"

� � ; �

ÂÃEF!ç&/0̤(HKÎÝ

#

²o½a¢��¨>b(EF

"

>bê)ïe

ÂÃEF®

#

ç&¥v(ÂÃ

#

=D(é�W7¥v(�9ÎE³

"

!

!

VÐ(ÂÃ>b7

#Q

4

$I#);@

"

.(-(,

"

"F

)�

#Q

>b!´MN´dS(̤>b

#

zbaç&/0(E³7¢�¥v(>b�

#

#Q

>

bW!)t!WS(ÂÃ

#

nWëì/0̤

#

!·o½!Ýa¢�®8(>b

#

#Q

>b7

{�Ñ*RS2ý

&

""

#Z

A

þôx"ý

D<

>bDË

J

å

""

#Z

A

þôx"ý

D<

>bDË

J

)/")

<

>bDË

J

�ÅM�ï�z{��'"ç�å��2ý

&

Page 2: Tsinghua › upload › books › yz › 064488-01.pdf · 01n0op "ýfiRSŒz{ç&sas¥æçå.æs¥" −!fiÓKZŒa–†(>b“7)t#z{—7âŁŒ»#†8¸’eQ+9ÓK¢‘ (2=" $.%ƒ)˙”*Q+9ÓKŸ#ßÞÓK–iÙ3(w˜Þ"

$&

"""

!

#

"

01n0op

""

#Z

A

þôx"ý

D<

>bDË

J

)/")#Z

<

>bDË

J

g)/")

<

>bDË

J

å

""

#Z

A

þôx"ý

D<

#Z

>bDË

J

)/")

<

#Z

>bDË

J

¢�¶=r

&

z/0̤r

)9%7

�¢�)qN½(�|

#

·z̤r

Q&'$7

#

¢�Ô

à)qN½(�|

ß

L/.

"

¸¤.�=D×Z¶8

.

4

.:,

/

"

íîÞß

L/.

 à×Z

#

�£NãêU*

¸¤

#

(

ß½

)

ÍÎ

#

ïà£Ø¡¢(:Èã

"

ÄZ(��ùúÞ�

"

$

.

%

+)±¤

"

uî)t

!

!

}�

#

Ë

6#?*+I$

×ZØS=DÅ�

r

L>.

#

�×Zï+))t¿�±¤

!

)t£N±¤

#

±¤

�Ùç�r

'&87'.

!

)7[)J+[.

#

²+))tÍα¤

#

�Ù

r

8%))+?.

"

$

,

%

�ʱ¤�^

"

:×Zê(£Ø±¤

#

ç�ÍÞx

L/.

 à(�Ü

���^Þ�Ê

"

F

.(,

"

GHIJK

!

LMNOPQRST

±

""

¤ �

""

^ � ^ u Þ

'&87'. 27[)

¸¤

)7[)J+[. P&$$I+9*!@&9

%

8%))+?. 27[)

ß½

G+9H. 27[)

¸¤.�

$

L

%

<�L¤±²0¤

"

(

ß½

)

ÍÎ

#

�*

!'#;D

L¤=D�u

#

+)0¤

#

Þ�8=Dq à

"

""

8

2#>7()>.#?O!((.$;

1

-/#0S

A

.O

T

)0(")$?)2U9>)$(V2

%

")

D

<

"""

#Z

AA

()6(Y.6;,5)6(,3)$

%

(\WWe

D

[[

A

()6(Y.6;,5)6(WW

G8

7""L.2?

GDD

"""""

@)""7

%

)Y.6,&\.L

AG

U*dß

U

|}�*[�

H

G

U

G

|}

GD

+

"""

"""

)/")

"""<

"""""

@)""7

%

)Y.6,&\.L

AG

U*ST

U

«U*

e

Ú¸¤

H

G

U

G

G

U@)""7

%

)Y.6Y!((.$",hpU

@)""7

%

)Y.6Q0.$,960/7*7(#.$

D

+

"""""

()6(Y.6;,5)6(W

GG

+

"""""

()6(Y.6;,M.0!"

AD

+

"""J

J

Page 3: Tsinghua › upload › books › yz › 064488-01.pdf · 01n0op "ýfiRSŒz{ç&sas¥æçå.æs¥" −!fiÓKZŒa–†(>b“7)t#z{—7âŁŒ»#†8¸’eQ+9ÓK¢‘ (2=" $.%ƒ)˙”*Q+9ÓKŸ#ßÞÓK–iÙ3(w˜Þ"

!

!

2345067

$'

"""

$

O

%

é�0¤

"

Í

GM

ù

#

U*¸¤

#

((úÊϦá!Ýr

W

#

�ST

#

D'/Þß

L/,

$

&

%

 à¡¢ã

*

�dß

#

D'/Þß

L/,

$

8

%

 à¡¢ã

"

ß

L/,

"

é�E³

RS

#Q

>bz{W/ 7ÂÃEF(þÿ

#

sa ¡(!

#

¥ì7�tç�

#

=D¢�

eËê)tç�®

#

Ë�ç�¥²¢�

#

Þ³7"t̤x"ý�&öa¬

#

�ª¢��)

tκW¦(>bDË

"

.(-(-

"

#="0GH

)�

$I#);@

>b®ÙIÁ>b

#

��S`"ç�(ÂÃEF

#

£ó"ç�

#Q

>b

#

$I#);@

>

bÛ)a�

"

Ë>k2ýÞ�

&

""

"L#(0\

A

±ix"ý

D

<

""""""""

07")

d3x"ý

;P

""""""""""""

>bDË

;+

""""""""""""

O2)7S+

""""""""

07")

d3x"ý

NP

""""""""""""

>bDË

N+

""""""""""""

O2)7S+

"""""""

6

""""""""

07")

d3x"ý

$P

""""""""""""

>bDË

$+

""""""""""""

O2)7S+

""""""""

?)Z7!/(P

""""""""""""

>bDË

$b;+

""""""""""""

O2)7S+

J

Ë¢�¶=!

&

�ͱix"ý(Þ

#

ç&x"ý(Þ�8t

;&$7

®(

(

d3x"ý

)

��W¦(Þ

#

Þ³�GW¦(

;&$7

#

¢�Ë£Ø(>bDË

#

aGnG

897&D

#

ÝD¢�

*7Q&%')

®8(>bDË

"

�RS�a ¡{��C

"

$

.

%

x"ý(Þij!è,%Þ

!

úÊåúÊÏ

#

;¬aÎ8t>bê

;&$7

º®(d3

Þ+,£v

"

$

,

%

8

;&$7

*7Q&%')

Éb(k®ÇD

#

¥\]=D¢�E³

"

Page 4: Tsinghua › upload › books › yz › 064488-01.pdf · 01n0op "ýfiRSŒz{ç&sas¥æçå.æs¥" −!fiÓKZŒa–†(>b“7)t#z{—7âŁŒ»#†8¸’eQ+9ÓK¢‘ (2=" $.%ƒ)˙”*Q+9ÓKŸ#ßÞÓK–iÙ3(w˜Þ"

$(

"""

!

#

"

01n0op

$

L

%

)èþÿ�

#

6t

;&$7

>b(´®!

897&D

>b

#

S7!èt

$I#);@

>bê�'

#

mn¢�

$I#);@

>b�8(>b

"

޳�7RS

897&D

>b

#

Dmn¢��8(

;&$7

>b

ê(>bDË

#

aGnG

897&D

>b

#

å�èt

$I#);@

>bE�

"

$

O

%

�õ¨

;&$7

:Ø(>bÀ£v

#

D

897&D

z{s¥

"

$

M

%

�!�7½¾

*7Q&%')

�Y¢�(>b

#

Dgh�¥W¢�

#

a¯�I

$I#);@

>b

"

.

4

.:-

/

"

íîÞß

L/L

 à(×Z

#

U*`çiHQ

#

(

ÎP

)

ÍÎÎPn6HQ

QF

"

ß

L/L

"

HQÎP=D×Z¶8

ÄZ(��ùúÞ�

"

$

.

%

+)±¤

"

uî)t�r

L>,

(

6#?*+I$

×ZØS=D

#

�×

Zï+)Ñt¿�±¤

!

Ñt£N±¤

#

±¤�Ùç�r

'&87'.

!

'&87',

!

)7[)J+[.

!

)7[)J+[,

#

²+)ÑtÍα

¤

#

�Ùç�r

8%))+?.

!

8%))+?,

"

$

,

%

�ʱ¤�^

"

ç&ß

L/L

�Ê×Z{�8t±¤(

27[)

�^

"

$

L

%

<�L¤±²0¤

"

ç�AÌ

(

ÎP

)

ÍÎ4

(

)

ÍÎ

#

íî8»(

!'#;D

L¤±²=D

#

+)0¤

#

Þ�8=Dq à

"

""

8

2#>7()>.#?O!((.$;

1

-/#0S

A

.O

T

)0(")$?)2U9>)$(V2

%

")

D

""<

""""

#$("0.2)+

""""

"0.2)W-.$>)2(,5.Q$(]N

A

()6(Y.6;,5)6(

D

+

""""

#Z

A

"0.2) W:[["0.2) W;::

D

""""<

""""""

"L#(0\

A

"0.2)E;:

D

""""""<

""""""""

07");:P

""""""""

07") P

""""""""""

()6(Y.6N,5)6(W

G

­�

G

+

""""""""""

O2)7S+

""""""""

07")eP

""""""""""

()6(Y.6N,5)6(W

G

�T

G

+

""""""""""

O2)7S+

""""""""

07")dP

""""""""""

()6(Y.6N,5)6(W

G

êQ

+

""""""""""

O2)7S+

""""""""

07")aP

""""""""""

()6(Y.6N,5)6(W

G

�C

G

+

""""""""""

O2)7S+

""""""""

?)Z7!/(P

""""""""""

()6(Y.6N,5)6(W

G

¥�C

G

+

""""""""""

O2)7S+

""""""J

""""J

Page 5: Tsinghua › upload › books › yz › 064488-01.pdf · 01n0op "ýfiRSŒz{ç&sas¥æçå.æs¥" −!fiÓKZŒa–†(>b“7)t#z{—7âŁŒ»#†8¸’eQ+9ÓK¢‘ (2=" $.%ƒ)˙”*Q+9ÓKŸ#ßÞÓK–iÙ3(w˜Þ"

!

!

2345067

%*

"""

""""""

)/")

""""""

()6(Y.6N,5)6(W

G

U*HQ7T

H

G

+

""J

""

8

2#>7()>.#?O!((.$N

1

-/#0S

A

.O

T

)0(")$?)2U9>)$(V2

%

")

D

""<

""""

()6(Y.6;,5)6(W

GG

+

""""

()6(Y.6N,5)6(W

GG

+

""""

()6(Y.6;,M.0!"

AD

+

""J

$

O

%

é�0¤

"

Í

GM

ù

#

U*`çiHQ

#

(

ÎP

)

ÍÎ

#

é�E³Þß

L/O

 à

"

ß

L/O

"

é�E³

.(.

"

� - ; �

foõ¨pq�

#

��saJ´�)¨£ (0¤

#

�=D��>?êSÓK±i7W

/§ý(=D

"

ÓKEF!y*EFê´´µ�!´¸a(EF

#

�� 7WS=D�á

�ÓK

#

B�!�/0"�Z±²=Dê

#

ÓKÛ!i¥zA

"

!

!

êz{W/ÓK(>b7

Q+9

>b

!

I@#'7

>b

!

*+>I@#'7

>b4

Q+97&;@

>b

"

8ç��â§

O

*ÓK>b(Sk�¥v

"

.(.(,

"

F2A

)�

Q+9

>b!�ËFG(ÓK>b

#

z!¹ß�O¦ÓKa¢�(Ç%�

#

�z{RSn

"

Ë>b()è2ýÞ�

&

""

Z.2

A

x"ý

;+

x"ý

N+

x"ý

]

D

<

""""""""""

>bDË

J

Ëê

#

x"ý

.

½¾

Q+9

ÓK(ÓKwÞ

*

x"ý

,

!)tÁ[å.Qx"ý

#

Þr

Q&'$7

�ÓKE�

*

x"ý

L

N'6ÇÓK� ��(�Í4ÓK±iÙ3(Û(

"

ytx

Page 6: Tsinghua › upload › books › yz › 064488-01.pdf · 01n0op "ýfiRSŒz{ç&sas¥æçå.æs¥" −!fiÓKZŒa–†(>b“7)t#z{—7âŁŒ»#†8¸’eQ+9ÓK¢‘ (2=" $.%ƒ)˙”*Q+9ÓKŸ#ßÞÓK–iÙ3(w˜Þ"

%)

"""

!

#

"

01n0op

"ý�RSêz{ç&sas¥æçå.æs¥

"

�!�ÓKZêa±²(>bª7)t

#

z{�7â��»

#

�8Ë'e

Q+9

ÓK¢�

(2=

"

$

.

%

�)�*

Q+9

ÓK�

#

ßÞÓK±iÙ3(wÄÞ

"

$

,

%

ç&/0̤(E³((!Ýamn¢�ÓK

#

z̤/0Þr

)9%7

#

mn¢�

ÓKZ

*

̤/0Þr

Q&'$7

#

D�'ÓK¢�Ë/>b

"

$

L

%

¢�×ÓKZ�(>b®

#

ÓK±iÙ3Wç&:�3Û(ÓK±iÙ3(Þ

#

²

¯°ùú

$

,

%

¸u((!Ýmn¢�ÓK

"

.

4

.:.

/

"

íîÞß

L/M

 à(×Z

"

U*)t%

#

/0Ë!ÝrÐ%

"

ß

L/M

"

/0!ÝrÐ%(

×Z¶8

ÄZ(��ùúÞ�

"

$

.

%

+)±¤

"

uî)t�r

L>L

(

6#?*+I$

×ZØS=D

#

�×

Zï+))t¿�±¤4)t£N±¤

#

±¤�Ùç�

r

'&87'.

4

)7[)J+[.

#

²+))tÍα¤

#

�Ùr

8%))+?.

"

$

,

%

�ʱ¤�^

"

ç&ß

L/M

�Ê×Z{�8t±¤(

27[)

�^

"

$

L

%

<�L¤±²0¤

"

(

/0

)

ÍÎíîn(

!'#;D

L¤±²=D

#

+)0¤

#

Þ�8=Dq à

"

""

8

2#>7()>.#?O!((.$;

1

-/#0S

A

.O

T

)0(")$?)2U9>)$(V2

%

")

D

<

""""

#$(*U#US+

""""

?.!O/)

T

+

""""

*W#$(,=72")

A

()6(Y.6;,5)6(

D

+

""""

T

W@7(\,&

4

2(

A

*

D

+

""""

SW

A

#$(

DT

+

""""

Z.2

A

#WN+# WS+#

!!

D

""""<

""""""

#Z

A

*n#WW:

D""

O2)7S+

""""J

""""

#Z

A

# S

D

""""""

@)""7

%

)Y.6,&\.L

AG

�U*(!Ð%

H

GD

+

""""

)/")

""""""

@)""7

%

)Y.6,&\.L

AG

�U*(¥!Ð%

H

GD

+

"J

$

O

%

é�0¤

"

Í

GM

ù

#

U*è%

#

(

/0

)

ÍÎ

#

é�E³Þß

L/N

 à

"

.(.(-

"

=H"&>

)�

I@#'7

>b�`z,ÓK

#

)èS`LkÑkO¦ÓKÇ%(ÓKEF

"

ËÓK()

è2ýr

&

Page 7: Tsinghua › upload › books › yz › 064488-01.pdf · 01n0op "ýfiRSŒz{ç&sas¥æçå.æs¥" −!fiÓKZŒa–†(>b“7)t#z{—7âŁŒ»#†8¸’eQ+9ÓK¢‘ (2=" $.%ƒ)˙”*Q+9ÓKŸ#ßÞÓK–iÙ3(w˜Þ"

!

!

2345067

%!

"""

ß

L/N

"

é�E³

""

L\#/)

A

̤x"ý

D

<

""""""

>bDË

J

Ë¢�¶=!

&

k�Í̤x"ý(Þ

#

�r

)9%7

D¢�ÓKZê(>bDË

#

¯j²

Ç�Í̤x"ý(Þ

#

Þ³ïr

)9%7

Dmn¢�ÓKZ

#

aG̤x"ý(Þr

Q&'$7

#

Ë'ÓK

"

z̤x"ý�)Ç�¥HK�

#

Å�ÓK>bDË¥WEÚ��¢�(

rW

"

&

""

EE

U'

;bNb]bgb;::

(4

#$(#W;U"W:+

""

L\#/)

A

# W;::

D

<

"""""

"W"b#+

"""""

#

!!

+

"""""

-.$"./),F2#()3#$)

AG<

:

JG

U"

D

+

J

+

.(.(.

"

12:=H"&>

)�

*+>I@#'7

>bÎ

I@#'7

>b(¢�¶=MN)p

#

��`

I@#'7

!këì̤!Ý

rc²¢�ÓKZ

#

·

*+>I@#'7

D!k¢�ÓKZ²ëìÓKx"ý(Þ

#

Ë)è2ýr

&

""

?.

<

"""""

>bDË

J

L\#/)

A

̤x"ý

D

Ë¢�¶=!

&

Çk¢�)ÇÓKZê(>bDË

#

­®�Í̤x"ý(Þ

#

Þ³E

³r

)9%7

Dmn¢�ÓKZ

#

aG̤x"ý(Þr

Q&'$7

�E�ÓK

"

!ï8(¢�¶=z{)G

#

*+>I@#'7

ÓKê(ÓK>bD˽A�EÚ)Ç¢�r

W

#

§�!

*+>I@#'7

Î

I@#'7

(¥vº±

"

ï{

.--

{�(%¬4rI

&

Page 8: Tsinghua › upload › books › yz › 064488-01.pdf · 01n0op "ýfiRSŒz{ç&sas¥æçå.æs¥" −!fiÓKZŒa–†(>b“7)t#z{—7âŁŒ»#†8¸’eQ+9ÓK¢‘ (2=" $.%ƒ)˙”*Q+9ÓKŸ#ßÞÓK–iÙ3(w˜Þ"

%"

"""

!

#

"

01n0op

""

EE

U'

;bNb]bgb;::

(4

#$(#W;U"W:+

""

?.

<

"""""

"W"b#+

"

"""""

#

!!

+

"""""

-.$"./),F2#()3#$)

AG<

:

JG

U"

D

+

J

L\#/)

A

# W;::

D

:óU8(

I@#'7

ÓK

#

�K)¥Gå�

#

f!޳�

#

(wÞßrV`

.--

(%

#

²¢

�ï8(Ñq=D

#

�W)G

#

I@#'7

ÓK¥W²7��U'

#

·

*+>I@#'7

ÓKWU'§t

V`

.--

(%

"

.

4

.:4

/

"

íîÞß

L/X

 à(×Z

"

�ÍÑtè%(´V$�%4´ó$�%

"

ß

L/X

"

¬´V$�%4´ó$�%(

×Z¶8

ÄZ(��ùúÞ�

"

$

.

%

+)±¤

"

uî)t�r

L>O

(

6#?*+I$

×ZØS=

D

#

�×Zï+)

O

t¿�±¤

!

O

t£N±¤

#

±¤�Ùç�r

'&87'.

!

'&87',

!

'&87'L

!

'&87'O

!

)7[)J+[.

!

)7[)J+[,

!

)7[)J+[L

!

)7[)J+[O

#

²+

))tÍα¤

#

�Ùr

8%))+?.

"

$

,

%

�ʱ¤�^

"

ç&ß

L/X

�Ê×Z{�8t±¤(

27[)

�^

#

;�

)7[)J+[L

4

)7[)J+[O

(

K7&*<?'

Y

�^(r

29%7

"

$

L

%

<�L¤±²0¤

"

(

�Í

)

ÍÎ

#

íî

!'#;D

L¤±²=D

#

+)0¤

#

Þ�8=Dq à

"

""

EE

1S�Σ»k

8

2#>7()>.#?O!((.$;

1

-/#0S

A

.O

T

)0(")$?)2U9>)$(V2

%

")

D

<

""""

#$(*U$U2U

%

U\U

8

+

""""

*W-.$>)2(,5.Q$(]N

A

()6(Y.6;,5)6(

D

+

"""

EE

XÑt%

""""

$W-.$>)2(,5.Q$(]N

A

()6(Y.6N,5)6(

D

+

""""

8

W*

%

$+

""""

L\#/)

AA

2W*n$

D

HW:

D"""""""""

EE

�%¥r

:

�ÓK

""""<

""""""

*W$+

""""""""""""

EE

�ï)Ç(»%|ru(·»%

""""""

$W2+

"""""""""""""

EE

�ï)Ç(�%|ru(»%

""""J

""""

%

W$+

""""

\W

8

E

%

+

"""

EE

�%r

:

�(»%Ïr´V$�%

""""

()6(Y.6],5)6(W-.$>)2(,5.&(2#$

%A%D

+

"""

EE

Ñ%ºÜ»{´V$�%�!´ó$�%

""""

()6(Y.6 ,5)6(W-.$>)2(,5.&(2#$

%A

\

D

+

""J

Page 9: Tsinghua › upload › books › yz › 064488-01.pdf · 01n0op "ýfiRSŒz{ç&sas¥æçå.æs¥" −!fiÓKZŒa–†(>b“7)t#z{—7âŁŒ»#†8¸’eQ+9ÓK¢‘ (2=" $.%ƒ)˙”*Q+9ÓKŸ#ßÞÓK–iÙ3(w˜Þ"

!

!

2345067

%#

"""

$

O

%

é�0¤

"

Í

GM

ù

#

U*Ñtè%

#

(

�Í

)

ÍÎ

#

é�E³Þß

L/W

 à

"

ß

L/W

"

é�E³

.(.(4

"

F2A>%GH

)�

!

!

ê»eïyy*dS(ÓK>bà

#

�VÐe

Q+97&;@

>b7W/JK'Gyê

 7(wÐ

#

ddÎ%å)©RS

"

Ë)è2ýr

&

""

Z.2)70\

A

+,

"

ÓKÙ3

#$

x"ý

D

<

"""""""

>bDË

J

Ë¢�¶=!

&

6)ÇÓK�

#

!GyêX')tu(wÐÞ

"

©GÓKÙ3ê�

#

Þ

³â�ê(ètx"ý¯°Þr

)9%7

#

Q+97&;@

Àê(>b��È¢�

"

)�Gyê(wÐ

���·�pG

#

ètx"ý(Þr

Q&'$7

#

±i2=�Î*G

Q+97&;@

À®8(¢�>b

"

!�8(=Dqzef

Q+97&;@

>b(¢�¶=

"

""

EE

!ù´U*)å%

U

�n0ïà'7;¬'Ëê(´VÞ

#$(

BC

722W$)L#$(

B

a

C

+

-.$"./),F2#()3#$)

AG

«Þ*)å%&

GD

+

EE722,3)$

%

(\

xà%å(¦á

Z.2

A

#$(#W:+# 722,3)$

%

(\+#

!!

D

""""""

722

B

#

C

W-.$>)2(,5.Q$(]N

A

-.$"./),I)7?3#$)

ADD

+

#$(*76+

-.$"./),F2#()3#$)

AG

%åê(wÐr

P

GD

+

Z.2)70\

A

#$(##$722

D

<

""""""

-.$"./),F2#()3#$)

AG<

:

JG

U#

D

+

J

*76W722

B

:

C

+

Z.2)70\

A

#$(##$722

D

<

""""""

#Z

A

*76 #

D

""""""""

*76W#+

J

-.$"./),F2#()3#$)

AG

´VÞr

<

:

JG

U*76

D

+

-.$"./),I)7?3#$)

AD

+

Page 10: Tsinghua › upload › books › yz › 064488-01.pdf · 01n0op "ýfiRSŒz{ç&sas¥æçå.æs¥" −!fiÓKZŒa–†(>b“7)t#z{—7âŁŒ»#†8¸’eQ+9ÓK¢‘ (2=" $.%ƒ)˙”*Q+9ÓKŸ#ßÞÓK–iÙ3(w˜Þ"

%$

"""

!

#

"

01n0op

Q+97&;@

>b4

Q+9

>b(ó�

"

$

.

%

Q+97&;@

>bê(ÓKÙ3!ª�Ù3

#

6)ÇÓKN9%åwÐ¥�:Ë N�

Ü��¹(

#

§!re�Y�6)¨T�|

"

$

,

%

:%å�|RS

Q+97&;@

cd1à

#

$Ë!"?%å

#

Q+97&;@

>b¥SJ6��Ù

b

#

·:`

Q+9

>b7'�sa��!"j

#

Q+97&;@

>b£ó·?Ûr1C

"

$

L

%

Q+97&;@

�È�à�×H+,ÎP�|

#

#

�%åÙr

=99&

Y

5#$)

º+(%&

G

#

Q+97&;@

>b¥sa¹(0¤

#

f!:

Q+9

>b7'

#

sa¹(�S0¤

"

$

O

%

S

Q+97&;@

>b�×H(ÓKS

Q+9

>b���È×H

#

fîÂÓK(<�a�3

RS

Q+97&;@

#

mrnWR0¤W�1C

#

®¥½âã

"

.(.(5

"

��!��

zÓK>bê®'/ÓK>b�

#

�ÙrÓK(��

#

��

Q+9

ÓK

!

��

I@#'7

ÓK

Q

#

z­�z{RSÓy��ÓK

"

�8Õ¶)tWI7noÓK(��

"

.

4

.:5

/

"

íîÞß

L/V

 à×Z

#

¬ 7(��7%

"

��7%!N)t

?

$

?

-

L

%

Ú

%

#

6)Ú%ú(

?

Ç (4dTQ`§t%NZ

"

#

.ML

!)��7%

#

mr

.MLB.

(

L

�

CM

(

L

�

CL

(

L

�

"

ß

L/V

"

¬��7%(=D×Z

ÄZ(��ùúÞ�

"

$

.

%

+)±¤

"

uî)t�r

L>M

(

6#?*+I$

×ZØS=D

#

�×

Zï+))t£N±¤4)tÍα¤

#

±¤�Ùç�

r

)7[)J+[.

4

8%))+?.

"

$

,

%

�ʱ¤�^

"

ç&ß

L/V

�Ê×Z{�ÍÎ(

27[)

�^

#

;�

)7)#)J+[.

(

4%')#'#?7

�^(r

29%7

#

;�è£Nã(Vó

"

$

L

%

<�L¤±²0¤

"

(

¬f

)

ÍÎ

#

íî

!'#;D

L¤±²=D

#

+)0¤

#

Þ�8=Dq à

"

""

8

2#>7()>.#?O!((.$;

1

-/#0S

A

.O

T

)0(")$?)2U9>)$(V2

%

")

D

<

"""

()6(Y.6;,5)6(W

G

��7%7

P

G

+

""""

#$(*+

""""

Z.2

A

#$(#W;+# ;:+#

!!

D""""""""

EE#

r`Ú%ú

""""""

Z.2

A

#$(

T

W:+

T

;:+

T

!!

D""

EE

T

r]Ú%ú

""""""""

Z.2

A

#$(SW:+S ;:+S

!!

D""

EES

rtÚ%ú

""""""""<

""""""""""

*W#

%

;::b

T

%

;:bS+

""""""""""

#Z

A

#

%

#

%

#b

T

%

T

%

T

bS

%

S

%

SWW*

D

""""""""""""

()6(Y.6;,5)6(W()6(Y.6;,5)6(b

G$

2

$

$

G

b-.$>)2(,5.&(2#$

%A

*

D

+

""""""""J

J

$

O

%

é�0¤

"

Í

GM

ù

#

U*Ñtè%

#

(

¬f

)

ÍÎ

#

é�E³Þß

L/.-

 à

"

Page 11: Tsinghua › upload › books › yz › 064488-01.pdf · 01n0op "ýfiRSŒz{ç&sas¥æçå.æs¥" −!fiÓKZŒa–†(>b“7)t#z{—7âŁŒ»#†8¸’eQ+9ÓK¢‘ (2=" $.%ƒ)˙”*Q+9ÓKŸ#ßÞÓK–iÙ3(w˜Þ"

!

!

2345067

%%

"""

ß

L/.-

"

é�E³

.(4

"

""

b

!

!

È7

897&D

!

;+?)#?%7

!

F

+)+

!

97)%9?

!

)@9+IM

*�Î>b

#

n0�È(Ù=D(¢�

2=

"

Ëê

#

897&D

!

;+?)#?%7

!

97)%9?

>b�rdÆ

#

)@9+I

S`ud±²

#

·

F

+)+

>bWR

=D(EF^4z�^�Ùå

#

ÑT{Ó*(l¡

"

.(4(,

"

?A>%I

)�

�ÓKêRS

897&D

>b�ÈV=D���'ÓK

"

z=D¢�G

897&D

>b�

#

W�'ÓK

#

mn¢�ÓKà(�)Ì>b

#

Þ³

897&D

>b'/���ÓK(�jÓK

#

D

897&D

>bªW�'NjÓK

#

·¥!�ÎG 7ÓK(´à8

"

I�8(=Dq

#

§q0¤U'

.

$

.-

º�¥�·

L

è»(%ú

#

897&D

>b�

#BL

�hYeètÓK

"

""

8

2#>7()>.#?O!((.$;

1

-/#0S

A

.O

T

)0(")$?)2U9>)$(V2

%

")

D

<

""""

Z.2

A

#$(#W;+# W;:+#

!!

D

""""<

""""""

#Z

A

#n]WW:

D

""""""""

O2)7S+

"""""

()6(Y.6;,5)6(W()6(Y.6;,5)6(b

G$

2

$

$

G

b-.$>)2(,5.&(2#$

%A

#

D

+

""""J

J

Õd=DêWßÞ)t̤

#

z̤HK�

#

¥²mn¢�ÓKZ(>bDË

#

 {�

ÓKê'/

897&D

>b�

#

#Q

>bÕd�Wv�'/

"

Åà

#

$I#);@

>bê�WSG

897&D

>b

#

U8

L/,/,

rê7ÅÆ(]^

"

.(4(-

"

G2<0"<$>

)�

;+?)#?%7

>bÎ

897&D

>b¥v

#

n¥!hY;�'ÓK

#

·!hY¢�

;+?)#?%7

>b

®8(>b

#

�=D(¢�2=VU�*�)ÇÓK

"

I�8(=Dq

#

¢!&ö·

L

è

»(%Þ��7·U'

#

Ë/%Þ�ddU'

#

x¹=D�nG

;+?)#?%7

>b�hYez

UÓK

"

Page 12: Tsinghua › upload › books › yz › 064488-01.pdf · 01n0op "ýfiRSŒz{ç&sas¥æçå.æs¥" −!fiÓKZŒa–†(>b“7)t#z{—7âŁŒ»#†8¸’eQ+9ÓK¢‘ (2=" $.%ƒ)˙”*Q+9ÓKŸ#ßÞÓK–iÙ3(w˜Þ"

%&

"""

!

#

"

01n0op

""

8

2#>7()>.#?O!((.$N

1

-/#0S

A

.O

T

)0(")$?)2U9>)$(V2

%

")

D

<

""""

Z.2

A

#$(#W;+# W;:+#

!!

D

""""<

""""""

#Z

A

#n]WW:

D

""""""""

0.$(#$!)+

""""""

()6(Y.6N,5)6(W()6(Y.6N,5)6(b

G$

2

$

$

G

b-.$>)2(,5.&(2#$

%A

#

D

+

""""J

J

ï8Ñt=Dq(é�E³Þß

L/..

 à

"

ß

L/..

"

é�E³

.(4(.

"

J

202

)�

F

+)+

>b(|S!�Y¢�zUd�¢�(>b

#

­®�ÎG)t�¿Ö(>bÚ

Ê

#

!¿Ö>b(ÚʸuIÄ¢�0¤

#

ËRS�kÞ�

&

""

37O)/P

%

.(.37O)/+

5&87'

(|S!�=D(õ±íî)t¿Ö

#

RS

F

+)+

>bz�ν§)�(ÚÊ

"

sa ¡(!

#

F

+)+

>b¥��'+

#

�¥��*

Q+9

!

I@#'7

QÓK>bê

"

3`

F

+)+

>b

(RSW3p=D£{g�

!

?:

#

<=��3¥aRS

"

�ï8(IÉê��z{¤)¹(

#

+)ëì

F

+)+

>b(£Nã4ÍÎ

#

0¤Þ�

"

""

8

2#>7()>.#?O!((.$]

1

-/#0S

A

.O

T

)0(")$?)2U9>)$(V2

%

")

D

<

""""

Z.2

A

#$(#W;+# W;:+#

!!

D

""""<

""""""

#Z

A

#n]WW:

D

"""""""

%

.(.O)

%

#$+

""""""

()6(Y.6],5)6(W()6(Y.6],5)6(b

G$

2

$

$

G

b-.$>)2(,5.&(2#$

%A

#

D

+

""""J

""

O)

%

#$P

""

()6(Y.6],5)6(W()6(Y.6],5)6(b

G$

2

$

$

G

b

G%

.(.

�'

G

+

J

Page 13: Tsinghua › upload › books › yz › 064488-01.pdf · 01n0op "ýfiRSŒz{ç&sas¥æçå.æs¥" −!fiÓKZŒa–†(>b“7)t#z{—7âŁŒ»#†8¸’eQ+9ÓK¢‘ (2=" $.%ƒ)˙”*Q+9ÓKŸ#ßÞÓK–iÙ3(w˜Þ"

!

!

2345067

%'

"""

+)º®(é�E³Þß

L/.,

 à

"

ß

L/.,

"

é�E³

.(4(4

"

A>0$A<

)�

97)%9?

>bS`Ë'zUd�¢�(�%å�¯°Þ

"

n()è>k2ýÞ�

&

""

2)(!2$

B

x"ý

C

+

x"ý!zÂ}

#

Þ³·�S(�k+,¥!

:+#*

#

ijRSx"ý¯°)tv+,(

Þ

#

Þ³·�S(�k+,!

:+#*

#

Dzs¥

97)%9?

>b

"

.(4(5

"

0HA2=

)�

)@9+I

>bS`ud±²

#

zJ6ud�

#

z{RSn(Ù=D(dd¢�2=

#

�®

8(Är�WÅÆ]^

"

.(5

"

23����

�=D<�¶=êdda:=Dêó�¸aåsa ¡(��){'¹

#

f§¨'¹

®¥�cÎ=D(¢�

"

Õd!1S �(�ý�§¨'¹)*G=Dê

"

y²( �cf¥W$%<�=D(��

#

J·�R=DÛ)W�

#

7a`¥¦�T(

<=oÙ

"

v�

#

z{�Cý�T( �§ñ2H£é

#

�à²f=D

"

!

!

>?êdÌ( ��k7{�y*

"

,(

%Z��

{

(--)

Ê�IÄ

#

6)�ê

(--)

®8(�Ü|r ��Ü

#

&

""

?;W#E;::+

"""""""""""

EE

U'`Úï(%ú

?NW#n;::E;:+

""""""

EE

U']Úï(%ú

?]W#n;:+

"""""""""""

EE

U'tÚï(%ú

-(

 Z��

{

(-

%

)

|r �IÄ

#

{

(

%

-)

|r �(E�

"

·

(-

%

)

Î

(

%

-)

 á�(�Ü�|

Page 14: Tsinghua › upload › books › yz › 064488-01.pdf · 01n0op "ýfiRSŒz{ç&sas¥æçå.æs¥" −!fiÓKZŒa–†(>b“7)t#z{—7âŁŒ»#†8¸’eQ+9ÓK¢‘ (2=" $.%ƒ)˙”*Q+9ÓKŸ#ßÞÓK–iÙ3(w˜Þ"

%(

"""

!

#

"

01n0op

r ��Ü

#

&

""

"(7(#0>.#?@7#$

A

"(2#$

%BC

72

%

"

D""

E

%

§!=D(*4

U"(7(#0

xàY�k!ðñ(

U>.#?

xàY

�k�7¯°Þ

"

%

E

"� �!

!

-

!

!!(¨C

#

!

!

êdRS2� �

#

&

""

E

%

N=DW/)tyÚ%8Ú(J9U'

U

ÍkÞ�

P

Çk� U*(%»{

;::U

XÚ(ÞÏr`Ú%ú

+

­®

U

��%»{

;:U

XÚ(ÞÏr]Ú%ú

+

´®

U

� U*(%»{

;:U

XÚ(ÞÏrtÚ%ú

+

%

E

#$(?;U?NU?]U#+

"(2#$

%

S+

-.$"./),F2#()3#$)

AG

«U*)tyÚdè%

P

GD

+

��

&

qrstTuvw

"

.(K8L

¡¢��

RS

345

£é+) �!

!

!

>?()t¸aBC

"

345

£é �9aS`�k

!

�^Q( �

#

S��SÄ7§* �(�k�

#

z{)G£Ø(Và

"

Åà

#

Y ��È

»|íî

345

£é

"

�8!ó�Ñtè%Vó(12àI

#

Õ¶§tIÉ

#

12ef)�

345

£é �(

RS�k

"

""

8

!O/#00/7""@76-.*

8

72)

<

""""

EEE "!**72

'

""""

EEE5\)*76*)(\.?#"!")?(.0.*

8

72)(L.#$()

%

)2"

""""

EEEE"!**72

'

""""

EEE 2)(!2$" 2)"!/(.Z(\)*76 E2)(!2$"

""""

EEE

8

727*$7*)W

G

6

G

Z#2"($!*O)2(.0.*

8

72) E

8

727*

""""

EEE

8

727*$7*)W

G'G

")0.$?$!*O)2(.0.*

8

72) E

8

727*

""""

8

!O/#0#$(*76

A

#$(6U#$(

'D

""""<

""""""

2)(!2$

A

6

'D

6P

'

+

"""" J

J

0/7""5)"(

<

"

"(7(#0>.#?@7#$

A

"(2#$

%BC

72

%

"

D

"<"

"""

@76-.*

8

72)*760.*

8

W$)L

"

@76-.*

8

72)

AD

+

"

EE

íî)t

@76-.*

8

72)

:;

"""

#$(6W*760.*

8

,*76

A

d_U

D

+

""""""""

EE

�S

*76

AD

�k

"""

-.$"./),F2#()3#$)

A

6

D

+

Page 15: Tsinghua › upload › books › yz › 064488-01.pdf · 01n0op "ýfiRSŒz{ç&sas¥æçå.æs¥" −!fiÓKZŒa–†(>b“7)t#z{—7âŁŒ»#†8¸’eQ+9ÓK¢‘ (2=" $.%ƒ)˙”*Q+9ÓKŸ#ßÞÓK–iÙ3(w˜Þ"

!

!

2345067

&*

"""

"""""

-.$"./),I)7?3#$)

AD

+

"J

J

27$)

+ê�S�k

H&[

#

k�lOW»|'/Þß

L/.L

 à(Và¡¢

"

ß

L/.L

"

£é'¹ �

"#$%&'()%*#+,-.-

#

Õ¶{�ùú7�Ê6H(

345

£é

"

$

.

%

"#$%&'()%*#+

Õ2çêÂÃ

(

}�

)

#

(

!+?$+'7=

EE

'#;&)#+?O

�^

)

ÅÆ

#

æI�

#

Þß

L/.O

 à

"

ß

L/.O

"

��^

$

,

%

�ÒÓÂÃ

(

6H

)

¿�

#

(

U'

)

u�Âê

(

345

£é£¤

)

2ÂÍÎ

#

;�ſ

�£¤�4VÝ

"

�Ê׺®

#

�<¾é�Y}��

#

W»|�N½VÝ6H)t

345

£é

"

�NI

ê

#

6H(£éÞß

L/.M

 à

"

Page 16: Tsinghua › upload › books › yz › 064488-01.pdf · 01n0op "ýfiRSŒz{ç&sas¥æçå.æs¥" −!fiÓKZŒa–†(>b“7)t#z{—7âŁŒ»#†8¸’eQ+9ÓK¢‘ (2=" $.%ƒ)˙”*Q+9ÓKŸ#ßÞÓK–iÙ3(w˜Þ"

&)

"""

!

#

"

01n0op

ß

L/.M

"

6H(

345

£é

.(6

"

7 8 9 4

 ©

(

×%

)

!N)t%ªTQ`n( 7mɺ4

"

N

!×%

#

mr

NB.C,C

L

"

�8Õ¶)tWI7]^¬

.---

º�( 7

(

×%

)

(Ík

"

NIé�ã³Þß

L/.N

 à

"

ß

L/.N

"

.---

{�(×%

=DÄZ(��ùúÞ�

"

$

.

%

æI

"#$%&'()%*#+,-.-

IJKL

#

uî)t

6#?*+I$

×ZØS=D

#

�r

6&?$@%

"

$

,

%

�×Zï+))t

K#;@27[)J+[

±¤4yt

J%))+?

±¤

#

¹(£Ø(�^Þ

ß

L/.N

 à

"

$

L

%

=D9a0¤Þ�

"

Page 17: Tsinghua › upload › books › yz › 064488-01.pdf · 01n0op "ýfiRSŒz{ç&sas¥æçå.æs¥" −!fiÓKZŒa–†(>b“7)t#z{—7âŁŒ»#†8¸’eQ+9ÓK¢‘ (2=" $.%ƒ)˙”*Q+9ÓKŸ#ßÞÓK–iÙ3(w˜Þ"

!

!

2345067

&!

"""

""

8

2#>7()>.#?O!((.$;

1

-/#0S

A

.O

T

)0(")$?)2U9>)$(V2

%

")

D

<

""""

2#0\5)6(Y.6;,5)6(W

G

;:::

{�(×%r

P

$

$

G

+

""""

Z.2

A

#$(#WN+# W;:::+#

!!

D

""""<

""""""

"(2#$

%

"(2W

G

;

G

+

"""""""""""""""

EE

S`Ü©×%(8tmÉ

""""""

#$("W;+ EE

S`ܩ8mɺ4

""""""

#$(7W:+

""""""

Z.2

A

#$(

T

WN+

T

W

A

#$(

D

@7(\,&

4

2(

A

#

D

+

T

!!

D

EE

""""""<

""""""""

EE

Þ³

T

�ȷ

#

軬

#

4

T

(Þ¥£Q

""""""""

#Z

A

#n

T

WW:[[#HW

TD

""""""""<

""""""""""

7W#E

T

+ EE

S`Ü©&ö̤Ñ%º�

""""""""""

"bW

T

b7+

"

EE

ܩmɺ4

""""""""""

"(2bW"(2#$

%

,M.2*7(

AG

b

<

:

J

b

<

;

JG

U

T

U7

D

+

"

EE

Ü©&ö̤(8mÉ

"""""""J

"""""" J

"""""

EE

Þ³&ö̤(8mɺ4ÎlÞ£QDU'

""""""

#Z

A

"WW#

D

""""""<

""""""""

"(2bW

G$

$

G

+

""""""""

2#0\5)6(Y.6;,5)6(bW#,5.&(2#$

%AD

b

G

W

G

b"(2+

""""""J

""""J

J

:

""

;

NÄ9aÇf

!

!

=Dê(±iEF

#

áâMD

!

ÂÃ�ÓKy*MNEF

#

{�dS

(�Î>b

"

$

""

<

./$I#);@

>bÎ

#Q

>bz{£�ÎP«

,

RS

$I#);@

>b(­C!gh

,

,/

ì�'�ËÓK(é�E³

"

""

>.#?*7#$

AD

"<

"

#$(#UOUSW:+

"

Z.2

A

#W;+# W_+#

!!

D

" <

""

OW#nN+

""

L\#/)

A

Off W:

D

S

!!

+

" J

Page 18: Tsinghua › upload › books › yz › 064488-01.pdf · 01n0op "ýfiRSŒz{ç&sas¥æçå.æs¥" −!fiÓKZŒa–†(>b“7)t#z{—7âŁŒ»#†8¸’eQ+9ÓK¢‘ (2=" $.%ƒ)˙”*Q+9ÓKŸ#ßÞÓK–iÙ3(w˜Þ"

&"

"""

!

#

"

01n0op

"""

-.$"./),F2#()3#$)

AG

SW

<

:

J

UOW

<

;

JG

USUO

D

+

"J

L/897&D

>b4

;+?)#?%7

>b(|S7gh��

,

O/

<�)t12�Í1(=D

#

�%1ØY�È¢�)

!

!

!

»Í`�|

"

M/

�£N㱤êprU*

,-

t

.

$

.---

º�(è%

#

¬'Ëê 7(Ð%(4

"

N/

<�=D

#

��

O

M

Ëh?%åê¬%(t%4­%(t%

"