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UMTS:UniversalMobileTelecommunicationsSystem

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UMTS: Characteristics

Standardized by ETSI: European Telecommunication

Standards Institute

UMTS is the European implementation in the frame of

International Mobile Telecommunications (2000)

integration of different mobile radio communications-,

wireless- and pager-systems into one common systemspeech-, data-, and multimedia- information services

independent of network access

support of different carrier services:

real-time capable / not real-time capable circuit switched / packet switched

provided data rates: 144 kbit/s mobile, up to 2 Mbit/s in localarea (and even higher with advanced extension protocols)Asymmetrical data rates on up-/downlink, use of CDMARoaming also between UMTS, GSM/GPRS and satellite

networks

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UMTS-Performance

UMTS

GPRS

GSM Video

~0sec 10sec 1min 10min 1h

source:MobilkomAustria3

Report

Video

Photo

Web

Photo

Report

Video

Mail

Web

Photo

Report

Transmission Real- time (Video) Non Real-time (SMS etc.)

Bit error rate 10-3 10-7 10-5 10-8

Permitted delay 20ms 300ms > 150 ms

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UMTS UserEquipment

big color displays

high resolution

True Color

multitouch

Examples: Nokia,Apple, Blackberry

UMTS/WLAN-Router

with 300 MBit/s W-LAN-HotspotPC Card Slot for Vodafone Mobile Connect Card4 Port Ethernet Switch local networks

UMTS

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UMTS-Frequencies

Betreiber Uplink Downlink

Vodafone 1930 1935 MHz 2120 2125 MHz

E-Plus 1940 1950 MHz 2130 2140 MHz

O2 1954 1959 MHz 2144 2149 MHz

Telekom Deutschland GmbH 1969 1979 MHz 2159 2169 MHz

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O2 1959,9 1969,8 MHz 2149,9 2159,8 MHz

E-Plus 1950,0 1954,95 MHz 2140,0 2144,95 MHz

E-Plus 1935,15 1940,1 MHz 2125,15 2130,1 MHz

Vodafone 1920,3 1930,2 MHz 2110,3 2120,2 MHz

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UMTS-radio interface UTRA(UMTS Terrestrial Radio Access)

Two modes defined:

UTRA/FDD (Frequency Division Duplex)

mainly in suburban areas for symmetrical transmission

speech and videodata rates up to 384 kbit/s, supra-regional roaming

of

for circuit- and packet switched services in urbanareas

UTRA/TDD (Time Division Duplex)

mainly in households and other restricted areas(company premises, similar to DECT)for broadcast of speech and video, symmetrical:

up to 384 kbit/salso asymmetrical: up to 2 Mbit/s

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UTRA/FDD

integrates wideband-CDMA (W-CDMA) and DSSS (DirectSequence Spread Spectrum)channel separation by carrier frequencies, spreadingcode and phase position (only uplink)approx. 250 channels, data rates up to 384 kbit/s

complex performancecontrolnecessary

f in MHz

2169...

downlink2110

190MHz

1979 5 MHz..

.

uplink1920

t8

carrier 1

carrier 12

carrier 1

carrier 12

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UTRA/TDD

integrates wideband-TDMA/CDMA and DSSS

sends and receives on same carrier (TDD)approx. 120 channels, data rates up to 2 Mbit/schannel separation by spread codeand timeslotsprecisesynchronization necessary

f in MHz

uplink downlink

2020

2010

1920 5 MHz...

1900

t 9

carrier 1

carrier 4

carrier 5

carrier 6

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Service concept

Virtual Home Environment (VHE)

services are freely configurable, configuration globallyavailableselection of service quality and corresponding costs

behavior in case of bottlenecks (data rates, etc.)

configurable

dynamic adaptation according to connection quality

UPT: Universal Personal Telecommunication Service

one phone number for several devices (Call-Management)subscriber localization e.g. based on SIM-card

call forwarding; virtual mobility by changing between

devices

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UMTS: Hierarchical CellStructure

Global Regional

Local

Home/Office

PicoMicroWorld Macro

12

expansion Data

rate

(kbit/s)

Max.

velocity

(km/h)

Special features

World Cell global - no UTRAN, special satellite technology

Macro Cell several km 144 >300 complete national wide-area UMTS support

Micro Cell several 100m 384 ~100 Greater cities, commonly used

Pico Cell ca. 100 m 2000 ~10 Hotspotse.g. airport, station

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UMTS Enhancement: HSPA

HSPA (High-speed Packet Access) = HSDPA+HSUPA

HSDPA (High-speed Downlink Packet Access), extensionof UMTS

Data rates up to 14,4 Mbit/s (10,8 Mbit/s with error-

correction encoding) on downlink channel

(even higher rates proposed for the future and testedunder lab conditions)

Combination of channel bundling (TDMA), wideband codemultiplex (W-CDMA) and improved coding (adaptivemodulation and coding with advanced scheduling)

adaptive switching between 4 QAM (quadratureamplitude modulation) and 16 QAM (depending onchannel quality)

HSUPA (High-speed Uplink Packet Access) for upload

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UMTS Enhancement: HSPA+

HSPA+ further enhancement of UMTS

Data rates up to 28 Mbit/s on downlink channel

Speed-up reached via 64 QAM and MIMO (multiple

/ multiple output)Same as in HSPA:

Separate control channel Basis for mobile internet and mobile multimedia

input

applications(videophone,movies,gamesetc.)

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HSPA+: Modulation basics of QAM

QAM (Quadrature Amplitude Modulation) isa combination

PSK

ofAmplitude

ShiftKeyingASKandPhaseShiftKeying

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ASK PSK (P=90 PSK(P=180 PSK(P=270 ASK+PSK(A=1/2) =1/4) =1/2) =3/4) (A=1/2,

P=90)

t t t t t

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HSPA+:ModulationbasicsofQAM

8 QAM

example:(3bits)

In case of8 QAM the 8 conforms to the

highest possible number of codablestates (the sensitivityto interferenceincreaseswiththenumberof

* Quadrature Phase Shift Keying =4QAM(noinfofromamplitude)source: Fujitsu 16

Bit value 000 001 010 011 100 101 110 111

Amplitude 1 1/2 1 1/2 1 1/2 1 1/2

Phase Shift No No 1/4 1/4 1/2 1/2 3/4 3/4

states)

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HSPA+: MIMO antenna technique

MIMO = Multiple Input / Multiple Output

multiple antennas on sender and receiver side

increase in spectraltransmission

efficiency(andresultingdatarate)andqualityof

Rx2

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Receiver

2x2 MIMO

Rx1

Input TxMIMO

Output

Single Input / Single Output

Input Tx Rx Output

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IMT-Structure3 systems- UMTS- CDMA2000

- UWC-1362 core technologies- TDMA- TDMA/CDMA

IMT family of radiointerfaces : IMT-DS (Direct Spread)

UTRA-FDD (UMTS)

IMT-MC (Multi Carrier)

CDMA2000, USAIMT-TC (Time Code)

Satellite-supported network expansion:-

---

SW-CDMA: Satellite Wideband CMDA

UTRA-TDD (UMTS), TD-SCDMA (SynchronousCode Division MultipleAccess, China)

SAT-CDMA:SatelliteCDMAICORTT:ICORadioTransmissionTechnologySW-CDTMA: Satellite Wideband CDMA/TDMA

(Hybrid procedure)In Europe

UMTS IMT-SC (Single Carrier)

UWC-136, USA

IMT-FT (Frequency time)

DECT

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ICO RTT... Standard by ICO Global CommunicationsIMT ... International Mobile TelecommunicationsUTRA ... Universal Terrestrial Radio AccessUWC ... Universal Wireless Communications

source: www.UMTS-Report.com

individual

carrier

IMT-SC UWC-136 (EDGE)

TDMA

IMT-FT DECTmultiplecarrier

UTRA-FDD

IMT

IMT-DS

FDD

IMT-MC CDMA2000TDMA/

CDMA

UTRA-TDDTDD IMT-TC

TD-SCDMA

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MSS Mobile Satellite Service

PHS... Personal Handy-Phone System

Worldwidefrequencyassignment for IMTdevelopedbyITU

PCS... Personal Communication System

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FrequencyAssignment in Europe

230MHzfrequencyrangeforIMT

1700 1750 1800 1850 1900 1950 2000 2050 2100 2150 2200

MSSSatellite- based

with FDD symmetrical spectrum is necessary, not with TDD(time slots at same frequency)

gradual assignment of new wavebands - up to 300-500 MHz

additional frequency range, e.g. in the 2.5-3 GHz area, but

also in the 900 MHz band (as a gradual replacement of GSM)

source: www.UMTS-Report.com 20

DE

CT

TD

D

TD

D

GSM1800

Uplink

GSM1800

Downlink

FDD

Uplink

MSS

FDD

Downlink

MSS

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ComparisonBandwith(download)

300 Mbit/sWLAN 802.11 LTE

100 Mbit/sHSDPA/ HSDPA+

10 Mbit/s

1 Mbit/s

100 Mbit/s

10 Kbit/s

1 Kbit/s

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UMTS: Summary

After delayed implementation and introduction, UMTS

caught up and is now widely used, especially for businessapplications

High-performance service is mainly limited to urbanareas, otherwise GPRS has to be used

Worldwide accessibility can be realized only withmultimode end devices (e.g. combining different CDMAvariants)

even in Europe, combined UTRA-FDD/UTRA-TDD/GPRS

devices are necessary (however, this imposes no majorhardware problems)

Typical alternatives to UMTS are WLAN, LTE and WiMAX

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Data rate enhancement: Summary

Usage of improved transmission schemes such as 16QAM or

64QAM (quadrature amplitude modulation, with phase shiftkeying)

CDMA to offer more channels in parallel

Bundling of time slots, especially for downlink, in combinationwith asymmetric TDD

Smaller (pico) cells, i.e. less participantsresources

compete for thesame

+ enhancement in latency (GPRS: 700 ms,HSPA: 100 ms, LTE: 5 ms)

UMTS: 200-300ms,

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Some further readings

3GPP (3rd generation partnership

www.3gpp.org

program):

UMTS background information:

www.umtsworld.com

www.umtslink.at

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http://www.3gpp.org/http://www.umtsworld.com/http://www.umtslink.at/http://www.umtslink.at/http://www.umtslink.at/http://www.umtslink.at/http://www.umtslink.at/http://www.umtslink.at/http://www.umtslink.at/http://www.umtslink.at/http://www.umtslink.at/http://www.umtslink.at/http://www.umtslink.at/http://www.umtslink.at/http://www.umtsworld.com/http://www.umtsworld.com/http://www.umtsworld.com/http://www.umtsworld.com/http://www.umtsworld.com/http://www.umtsworld.com/http://www.umtsworld.com/http://www.umtsworld.com/http://www.umtsworld.com/http://www.umtsworld.com/http://www.3gpp.org/http://www.3gpp.org/http://www.3gpp.org/http://www.3gpp.org/http://www.3gpp.org/http://www.3gpp.org/http://www.3gpp.org/