Practice Guidelines for Perioperative Transesophageal Echocardiography: BibliographyAmerican Society of Anesthesiologists

Bibliography by Section

I. Cardiac and Thoracic Aortic Prodedures

Major Cardiac and Thoracic Aortic Surgery:

Nonrandomized comparative studies

Comparisons of TEE with other diagnostic modalities 

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2. Ballal RS, Gatewood RP, Jr., Nanda NC, Sanyal RS, Kirklin JK, Pacifico AD: Usefulness of transesophageal echocardiography in the assessment of aortic graft dehiscence. Am J Cardiol 1997; 80:372-376

3. Barbut D, Yao FS, Hager DN, Kavanaugh P, Trifiletti RR, Gold JP: Comparison of transcranial Doppler ultrasonography and transesophageal echocardiography to monitor emboli during coronary artery bypass surgery. Stroke 1996; 27:87-90

4. Choussat R, Thomas D, Isnard R, Michel PL, Iung B, Hanania G, Mathieu P, David M, du Roy de Chaumaray T, De Gevigney G, Le Breton H, Logeais Y, Pierre-Justin E, de Riberolles C, Morvan Y, Bischoff N: Perivalvular abscesses associated with endocarditis; clinical features and prognostic factors of overall survival in a series of 233 cases. Eur Heart J 1999; 20:232-241

5. Cicioni C, Di Luzio V, Di Emidio L, De Remigis F, Fragassi G, Gregorini R, Mazzola A, Paparoni S, Prosperi F, Ferri C: Limitations and discrepancies of transthoracic and transoesophageal echocardiography compared with surgical findings in patients submitted to surgery for complications of infective endocarditis. J Cardiovasc Med (Hagerstown) 2006; 7:660-666

6. Comunale ME, Body SC, Ley C, Koch C, Roach G, Mathew JP, Herskowitz A, Mangano DT: The concordance of intraoperative left ventricular wall-motion abnormalities and electrocardiographic S-T segment changes: association with outcome after coronary revascularization. Multicenter Study of Perioperative Ischemia (McSPI) Research Group. Anesthesiology 1998; 88:945-954

7. Davila RV, Phillips KJ, Daily BB, Davila RM, Kouchoukos NT, Barzilai B: Intraoperative transesophageal echocardiography and epiaortic ultrasound for assessment of atherosclerosis of the thoracic aorta. J Am Coll Cardiol 1996; 28:942-947

8. De Castro S, Cartoni D, d'Amati G, Beni S, Yao J, Fiorell M, Gallo P, Fedele F, Pandian NG: Diagnostic accuracy of transthoracic and multiplane transesophageal echocardiography for valvular perforation in acute infective endocarditis: correlation with anatomic findings. Clin Infect Dis 2000; 30:825-826

9. Hellemans IM, Pieper EG, Ravelli AC, Hamer JP, Jaarsma W, van den Brink, RB, Peels CH, van Swieten H, Tijssen JG, Visser CA: Comparison of transthoracic and

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10. Honjo O, Kotani Y, Osaki S, Fujita Y, Suezawa T, Tateishi A, Ishino K, Kawada M, Akagi T, Sano S: Discrepancy between intraoperative transesophageal echocardiography and postoperative transthoracic echocardiography in assessing congenital valve surgery. Ann Thorac Surg 2006; 82:2240-2246

11. Kawahito S, Kitahata H, Kimura H, Tanaka K, Oshita S: Recurrent laryngeal nerve palsy after cardiovascular surgery: relationship to the placement of a transesophageal echocardiographic probe. J Cardiothorac Vasc Anesth 1999; 13:528-531

12. Kececioglu D, Kehl HG, Schmid C, Deng MC, Gehrmann J, Weyand M, Scheld HH, Vogt J: Morphologic characterization and assessment of mitral regurgitation after repair of atrioventricular defects in children. Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 1997; 45:707-704

13. Kodolitsch Y, Krause N, Spielmann R, Nienaber CA: Diagnostic potential of combined transthoracic echocardiography and x-ray computed tomography in suspected aortic dissection. Clin Cardio. 1999; 22:345-352

14. Lagattolla NR, Burnand KG, Stewart A: Role of transoesophageal echocardiography in determining the source of peripheral arterial embolism. Br J Surg 1995; 82:1651-1654

15. Laissy JP, Blanc F, Soyer P, Assayag P, Sibert A, Tebboune D, Arrive L, Brochet E, Hvass U, Langlois J, Menu Y: Thoracic aortic dissection: diagnosis with transesophageal echocardiography versus MR imaging. Radiology 1995; 194:331-336

16. Morguet AJ, Werner GS, Andreas S, Kreuzer H: Diagnostic value of transesophageal compared with transthoracic echocardiography in suspected prosthetic valve endocarditis. Herz 1995; 20:390-398

17. Mugge A, Daniel WG, Angermann C, Spes C, Khandheria BK, Kronzon I, Freedberg RS, Keren A, Denning K, Engberding R, Sutherland GR, Vered Z, Erbel R, Visser CA, Lindert O, Hausmann D, Wenzlaff P: Atrial septal aneurysm in adult patients. A multicenter study using transthoracic and transesophageal echocardiography. Circulation 1995; 91:2785-2792

18. Muller S, Muller L, Laufer G, Alber H, Dichtl W, Frick M, Pachinger O, Bartel T: Comparison of three-dimensional imaging to transesophageal echocardiography for preoperative evaluation in mitral valve prolapse. Am J Cardiol 2006; 98:243-248

19. Patel S, Alam M, Rosman H: Pitfalls in the echocardiographic diagnosis of aortic dissection. Angiology 1997; 48:939-946

20. Pergola V, Di Salvo G, Habib G, Avierinos JF, Philip E, Vailloud JM, Thuny F, Casalta JP, Ambrosi P, Lambert M, Riberi A, Ferracci A, Mesana T, Metras D, Harle JR, Weiller PJ, Raoult D, Luccioni R: Comparison of clinical and echocardiographic characteristics of Streptococcus bovis endocarditis with that caused by other pathogens. Am J Cardiol 2001; 88:871-875

21. Reant P, Lederlin M, Lafitte S, Serri K, Montaudon M, Corneloup O, Roudaut R, Laurent F: Absolute assessment of aortic valve stenosis by planimetry using cardiovascular magnetic resonance imaging: comparison with transesophageal echocardiography, transthoracic echocardiography, and cardiac catheterisation. Eur J Radiol 2006; 59:276-283

22. Rousou JA, Tighe DA, Garb JL, Krasner H, Engelman RM, Flack JE, 3rd, Deaton DW: Risk of dysphagia after transesophageal echocardiography during cardiac operations. Ann Thorac Surg 2000; 69: 486-489

23. Singh GK, Shiota T, Cobanoglu A, Droukas P, Rice MJ, Sahn DJ: Diagnostic accuracy and role of intraoperative biplane transesophageal echocardiography in pediatric patients with left ventricle outflow tract lesions. J Am Soc Echocardiogr 1998; 11:47-56

24. Sommer T, Fehske W, Holzknecht N, Smekal AV, Keller E, Lutterbey G, Kreft B, Kuhl C, Gieseke J, Abu RD, Schild H: Aortic dissection: a comparative study of diagnosis with spiral CT, multiplanar transesophageal echocardiography, and MR imaging. Radiology 1996; 199: 347-352

25. Wilson MJ, Boyd SY, Lisagor PG, Rubal BJ, Cohen DJ: Ascending aortic atheroma assessed intraoperatively by epiaortic and transesophageal echocardiography. Ann Thorac Surg 2000; 70:25-30

Comparisons of 3-D TEE with traditional 2-D TEE

1. Abraham TP, Warner JG Jr, Kon ND, Lantz PE, Fowle KM, Brooker RF, Ge S, Nomeir AM, Kitzman DW: Feasibility, accuracy, and incremental value of intraoperative three-dimensional transesophageal echocardiography in valve surgery. Am J Cardiol 1997; 80:1577-1582

 Observational studies, case reports, or non-pertinent comparison groups

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pseudoaneurysm after aortic dissection repair. Am J Med Sci 1997; 314:273-2753. Adams MS, Alston TA, Walker JD: Detection of an ill-poised thread of lint by

transesophageal echocardiography after aortic valve replacement. Anesth Analg 2006; 103:40

4. Agricola E, Oppizzi M, Maisano F, Bove T, De Bonis M, Toracca L, Alfieri O: Detection of mechanisms of immediate failure by transesophageal echocardiography in quadrangular resection mitral valve repair technique for severe mitral regurgitation. Am J Cardiol 2003; 91:175-179

5. Aklog L, Filsoufi F, Flores KQ, Chen RH, Cohn LH, Nathan NS, Byrne JG, Adams DH: Does coronary artery bypass grafting alone correct moderate ischemic mitral regurgitation? Circulation 2001; 104:I68-I75

6. Akowuah EF, Casula R, Thanos A, Cooper GJ: Aorto-right atrial fistula associated with native tricuspid valve endocarditis. J Cardiovasc Surg (Torino) 2002; 43:841-842

7. Akowuah EF, Onyeaka CV, Cooper GJ: A subtle sign of aortic outflow obstruction in an infected 29 year old Starr-Edward's valve. Heart 2001; 85:384

8. Al Dahouk S, Schneider T, Jansen A, Nockler K, Tomaso H, Hagen RM, Scholz HC, Rudwaleit M, Neubauer H, Morguet AJ: Brucella endocarditis in prosthetic valves. Can J Cardiol 2006; 22:971-974

9. Alfonso F, Almeria C, Fernandez-Ortiz A, Segovia J, Ferreiros J, Goicolea J, Hernandez R, Banuelos C, Gil-Aguado M, Macaya C: Aortic dissection occurring during coronary angioplasty: angiographic and transesophageal echocardiographic findings. Cathet Cardiovasc Diagn 1997; 42:412-415

10. Allman C, Rajaratnam R, Kachwalla H, Hughes CF, Bannon P, Leung DY: An unusual cause of hemolysis in a patient with an aortic valved conduit replacement. J Am Soc Echocardiogr 2003; 16:188-190

11. Almeida AA, Thomson HL, Burstow DJ, Tam RK: Transesophageal echocardiography in an operation for pulmonary arteriovenous malformation. Ann Thorac Surg 1998; 65:267-268

12. Andersen C, Joyce FS, Tingleff J, Arendrup H: Aortic dissection after cardiopulmonary bypass detected by intraoperative transesophageal echocardiography. Acta Anaesthesiol Scand 1997; 41:1227-1228

13. Andropoulos DB, Ayres NA, Stayer SA, Bent ST, Campos CJ, Fraser CD: The effect of transesophageal echocardiography on ventilation in small infants undergoing cardiac surgery. Anesth Analg 2000; 90:47-49

14. Anonymous: Case 25-1998. N Engl J Med 1998; 339:459-46615. Aoyagi S, Tayama E, Nishimi M, Chihara S, Onizuka S, Fukunaga S: Aortic dissections

complicating open cardiac surgery: report of three cases. Surg Today 2000; 30:1022-1025

16. Applebaum RM, Cutler WM, Bhardwaj N, Colvin SB, Galloway AC, Ribakove GH, Grossi EA, Schwartz DS, Anderson RV, Tunick PA, Kronzon I: Utility of transesophageal echocardiography during port-access minimally invasive cardiac surgery. Am J Cardiol 1998; 82:183-188

17. Applebaum RM, Adelman MA, Kanschuger MS, Jacobowitz G, Kronzon I: Transesophageal echocardiographic identification of a retrograde dissection of the ascending aorta caused by inadvertent cannulation of the common carotid artery. J Am Soc Echocardiogr 1997; 10:749-751

18. Aronson S, Dupont F, Savage R, Drum M, Gunnar W, Jeevanandam V: Changes in regional myocardial function after coronary artery bypass graft are predicted by intraoperative low-dose dobutamine echocardiography. Anesthesiology 2000; 93:685-692

19. Aronson S, Savage R, Toledano A, Albertucci M, Lytle B, Karp R, Loop F: Identifying the cause of left ventricular systolic dysfunction after coronary artery bypass surgery: the role of myocardial contrast echocardiography. J Cardiothorac Vasc Anesth 1998; 12:512-518

20. Arteaga VA, Farber A, Wagner WH, Lauterbach SR, Cossman DV, Louis Cohen J, Levin PM: Septic embolization to the carotid bifurcation presenting as carotidynia. Ann Vasc Surg 2003; 17:152-155

21. Asbach S, Bode C, Geibel A: A severe case of Austrian syndrome. J Am Soc Echocardiogr 2004; 17:1213

22. Ashida K, Arakawa K, Yamagishi T, Tahara T, Ayaori M, Miyazaki K, Shibuya T, Hatori N, Yoshizu H, Tanaka T, Ohsuzu F: A case of aortic dissection with transient ST-segment elevation due to functional left main coronary artery obstruction. Jpn Circ J 2000; 64:130-134

23. Atik FA, Pettersson GB, Sigurdsson G, Gonzalez-Stawinski GV, Sabik EM, Kim A, Svensson LG: The ultimate development of mitral valve endocarditis: atrioventricular separation, atrioventricular groove abscess and hemorrhagic pericarditis. J Heart Valve Dis 2005; 14:29-32

24. Attenhofer CH, Vogt PR, von Segesser LK, Dirsch OR, Ritter M, Jenni R: Leaking giant aneurysm of the aortic root due to cystic medial necrosis with pericardial tamponade mimicking type-A aortic dissection. Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 1996; 44:103-104

25. Augoustides JG, Hosalkar HH, Milas BL, Acker M, Savino JS: Upper gastrointestinal injuries related to perioperative transesophageal echocardiography: index case, literature review, classification proposal, and call for a registry. J Cardiothorac Vasc Anesth 2006; 20:379-384

26. Augoustides JG, Weiss SJ, Ochroch AE, Weiner J, Mancini J, Savino JS, Cheung AT: Analysis of the interatrial septum by transesophageal echocardiography in adult cardiac surgical patients: anatomic variants and correlation with patent foramen ovale. J Cardiothorac Vasc Anesth 2005; 19:146-149

27. Augoustides JG, Weiss SJ, Weiner J, Mancini J, Savino JS, Cheung AT: Diagnosis of patent foramen ovale with multiplane transesophageal echocardiography in adult cardiac surgical patients. J Cardiothorac Vasc Anesth 2004; 18:725-730

28. Avery EG, MacGillivray TE: Arrested paradoxical emboli in transit diagnosed by intraoperative transesophageal echocardiography. Anesth Analg 2002; 95:1569-1571

29. Bainbridge D, Murkin J, Calaritis C, Menkis A: Aortic dissection in a patient with a previous ascending aortic dissection and repair: the role of new monitoring devices in the high-risk patient. Semin Cardiothorac Vasc Anesth 2004; 8:3-7

30. Balaguru D, Auslender M, Colvin SB, Rutkowski M, Artman M, Phoon CK: Intraoperative myocardial ischemia recognized by transesophageal echocardiography monitoring in the pediatric population: a report of 3 cases. J Am Soc Echocardiogr 2000; 13:615-618

31. Balasundaram RP, Anandaraja S, Juneja R, Choudhary SK: Infective endocarditis following implantation of amplatzer atrial septal occluder. Indian Heart J 2005; 57:167-169

32. Ballen J, Raabe M, Muirhead B: Aortic dissection and hypothermic arrest in a Jehovah's Witness patient: a case for recombinant factor VIIa? Can J Anaesth 2006; 53:353-356

33. Banning AP, Durrani A, Pillai R: Rupture of the atrial septum and tricuspid valve after blunt chest trauma. Ann Thorac Surg 1997; 64:240-242

34. Barbetseas J, Lalos S, Kyriakidis M, Aggeli C, Toutouzas P: Role of transesophageal echocardiography in the diagnosis of infected retained pacing lead. Pacing Clin Electrophysiol 1998; 21:1159-1161

35. Batiste C, Bansal RC, Razzouk AJ: Echocardiographic features of an unruptured mycotic aneurysm of the right aortic sinus of Valsalva. J Am Soc Echocard 2004; 17:474-477

36. Bauer M, Redzepagic S, Weng Y, Hetzer R: Successful surgical treatment of a giant aneurysm of the right coronary artery. Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 1998; 46:152-154

37. Beauchesne LM, Veinot JP, Brais MP, Burwash IG, Chan KL: Acute aortic intimal tear without a mobile flap mimicking an intramural hematoma. J Am Soc Echocardiogr 2003; 16:285-288

38. Belden JR, Caplan LR, Bojar RM, Payne DD, Blachman P: Treatment of multiple cerebral emboli from an ulcerated, thrombogenic ascending aorta with aortectomy and graft replacement. Neurology 1997; 49:621-622

39. Bensky AS, O'Brien JJ, Hammon JW: Transesophageal echo probe compression of an aberrant right subclavian artery. J Am Soc Echocardiogr 1995; 8:964-966

40. Berdat PA, Carrel T: Aortic dissection limited to the ascending aorta mimicking intramural hematoma. Eur J Cardiothorac Surg 1999; 15:108-109

41. Bey T, Sturmann K: Aortic dissection in a healthy 32-year-old man without risk factors. Eur J Emerg Med 1995; 2:56-59

42. Bhagwandien NS, Shah N, Costello JM Jr, Gilbert CL, Blankenship JC: Echocardiographic detection of pulmonary valve papillary fibroelastoma. J Cardiovasc Surg 1998; 39:351-354

43. Bier AJ, Lamphere JA, Daily PO: Coronary artery compression caused by a large pseudoaneurysm of the mitral-aortic intervalvular fibrosa. J Am Soc Echocard 1995; 8:753-756

44. Bojar RM, Payne DD, Murphy RE, Schwartz SL, Belden JR, Caplan LR, Rastegar H: Surgical treatment of systemic atheroembolism from the thoracic aorta. Ann Thorac Surg 1996; 61:1389-1393

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49. Brecker SJ, Jin XY, Yacoub MH: Anatomical definition of aortic root abscesses by transesophageal echocardiography: planning a surgical strategy using homograft valves. Clin Cardiol 1995; 18:353-359

50. Brinkman WT, Shanewise JS, Clements SD, Mansour KA: Transesophageal echocardiography not an innocuous procedure. Ann Thorac Surg 2001; 72:1725–1726

51. Brooker RF, Testa LD, Butterworth J, Monaco TJ Jr, Nomeir AM, Oaks TE: Diagnosis and management of acute hypoxemia after drainage of massive pericardial effusion. J Cardiothorac Vasc Anesth 1998; 12:69-71

52. Brooker RF, Zvara DA, Roitstein A: Mediastinal mass diagnosed with intraoperative transesophageal echocardiography. J Cardiothorac Vasc Anesth 2007; 21:257-258

53. Brown DV, O'Connor CJ: Hypotension after coronary artery bypass surgery. J Cardiothorac Vasc Anesth 2000; 14:97-99

54. Brown ML, Abel MD, Click RL, Morford RG, Dearani JA, Sundt TM, Orszulak TA, Schaff HV: Systolic anterior motion after mitral valve repair: is surgical intervention necessary? J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2007; 133: 136-43

55. Bruno P, Massetti M, Babatasi G, Khayat A: Catastrophic consequences of a free floating thrombus in ascending aorta. Eur J Cardiothorac Surg 2001; 19:99-101

56. Byrne JG, Aranki SF, Cohn LH: Aortic valve operations under deep hypothermic circulatory arrest for the porcelain aorta: "no-touch" technique. Ann Thorac Surg 1998; 65:1313-1315

57. Capodilupo RC, Plehn JF: Detection of thrombotic cuspal obstruction of an aortic bioprosthesis with transesophageal echocardiography. J Am Soc Echocardio 1997; 10:685-688

58. Caruso A, Iarussi D, Materazzi C, Dialetto G, Covino F, Bossone E, Cotrufo M: Aortic dissection with fistula to left atrium: diagnosis by transesophageal echocardiography with successful repair. J Am Soc Echocardiogr 2000; 13:69-72

59. Chakravarthy M, Thimmannagowda P, Jawali V: Unusual embolism of intracardiac thrombus to a femoral artery. J Cardiothorac Vasc Anesth 2007; 21:168-169

60. Chandraratna A, Ashmeg A, Pasha HC: Detection of intracoronary air embolism by echocardiography. J Am Soc Echocardiogr 2002; 15:1015-1017

61. Chawla SK, Missri J, Wessel R: Mitral valve repair for mitral regurgitation utilizing intraoperative transesophageal echocardiography--late results. Conn Med 1996; 60:455-460

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63. Choudhary SK, Bhan A, Sharma R, Reddy SC, Airan B, Narang S, Venugopal P: Aortic atherosclerosis and perioperative stroke in patients undergoing coronary artery bypass: role of intra-operative transesophageal echocardiography. Int J Cardiol 1997; 61:31-38

64. Chow JL, Mariano ER, Liang D: Transesophageal echocardiography assessment of severe aortic regurgitation in type a aortic dissection caused by a prolapsed circumferential intimal flap. J Cardiothorac Vasc Anesth 2007; 21:85-87

65. Chow MS, Taylor MA, Hanson CW, 3rd: Splenic laceration associated with transesophageal echocardiography. J Cardiothorac Vasc Anesth 1998; 12:314-316

66. Chuang YS, Hsiao PN, Lin TY, Cheng YJ, Tsai SK: Right upper lobe pulmonary edema after mitral valve replacement caused by paravalvular leakage recognized by bedside transesophageal echocardiography. Crit Care Med 2002; 30:695-696

67. Claes K, De Man F, Van de Werf F, Peetermans WE: Double prosthetic valve endocarditis caused by Streptococcus pneumoniae. Infection 2000; 28:51-52

68. Click RL, Abel MD, Schaff HV: Intraoperative transesophageal echocardiography: 5-year prospective review of impact on surgical management. Mayo Clin Proc 2000; 75:241-247

69. Coddens J, Callebaut F, Hendrickx J, Deloof T, Grossi E, Mangano CT: Case 5--2001. Port-access cardiac surgery and aortic dissection: the role of transesophageal echocardiography. J Cardiothorac Vasc Anesth 2001; 15:251-258

70. Cohen J, Butany J, Leask RL, Desai ND, Lenkie S, Feindel CM: Chronic aortic dissection: 27 years after aortic valve replacement. Can J Cardiol 2002; 18:437-438

71. Cohn SM, Burns GA, Jaffe C, Milner KA: Exclusion of aortic tear in the unstable trauma patient: the utility of transesophageal echocardiography. J Trauma 1995; 39:1087-1090

72. Conley M, Hawkins K, Ririe D: Complete heart block and cardiac tamponade secondary to Merkel cell carcinoma cardiac metastases. South Med J 2006; 99:74-78

73. Connors CW, Locke A, Silver DA: Surgical approach to a left ventricular mass guided by transesophageal echocardiography. Anesth Analg 2009; 108:1465-1466

74. Cordes D, DeGroff C, Shaffer EM: Spontaneous pericardial hematoma in an infant. Pediatr Cardiol 1999; 20:380-381

75. Cottrell DJ, Cornett ES, Seifer MS, Kincaid EH, Zvara DA: Diagnosis of an intraoperative aortic dissection by transesophageal echocardiography during routine coronary artery bypass grafting surgery. Anesth Analg 2003; 97:1254-1256

76. Couture P, Denault AY, McKenty S, Boudreault D, Plante F, Perron R, Babin D, Normandin L, Poirier N: Impact of routine use of intraoperative transesophageal echocardiography during cardiac surgery. Can J Anaesth 2000; 47:20-26

77. Crawford J, Alam M, Butler M, Ghafari G, Shepherd A: Systemic embolization by a thrombus in a apparently normal aorta detected with transesophageal echocardiography. J Am Soc Echocardiogr 1997; 10:569-572

78. Crutchfield EH, Katras T, Stanton PE Jr: The descending thoracic aorta as a source of arterial embolic disease: a case report. Am Surg 1998; 64:1079-1081

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80. De Canniere D, Jansens JL, Unger P, Le Clerc JL: Left ventricular outflow tract obstruction after mitral valve replacement. Ann Thorac Surg 1997; 64:1805-1806

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82. Diaz A, Martin-Raymondi D, Barba J: Complete aortic dissection demonstrated by intraoperative transoesophageal echocardiography. Heart 2005; 91:101

83. Dopfmer UR, Braun JP, Grosse J, Hotz H, Duveneck K, Schneider MB: Treatment of severe pulmonary hemorrhage after cardiopulmonary bypass by selective, temporary balloon occlusion. Anesth Analg 2004; 99:1280-1282

84. Ducart A, Broka S, Collard E, Buche M, Delire V, Mayne A, Randour P, Marchandise B, Joucken K: Regional increment in myocardial reflectivity after aortic valve replacement: early detection of air and assessment of treatment by transesophageal echocardiography. J Cardiothorac Vasc Anesth 1996; 10:926-927

85. Ducharme A, Courval JF, Dore A, Leclerc Y, Tardif JC: Severe aortic regurgitation immediately after mitral valve annuloplasty. Ann Thorac Surg 1999; 67:1487-1489

86. Ecknauer E, Schmidlin D, Jenni R, Schmid ER: Emergency repair of incidentally diagnosed ascending aortic aneurysm immediately after caesarean section. Br J Anaesth 1999; 83:343-345

87. Eggebrecht H, Schmermund A, Herold U, Lind A, Bartel T, Buck T, Martini S, Kuhnt O, Kienbaum P, Barkhausen J, Jakob H, Erbel R: Rapid progression of discrete type A intramural hematoma: prevention of a "procedure-related" complication by intraoperative transesophageal echocardiography. J Endovasc Ther 2005; 12:252-257

88. Elian D, Di Segni E, Kaplinsky E, Mohr R, Vered Z: Acquired left ventricular-right atrial communication caused by infective endocarditis detected by transesophageal echocardiography: case report and review of the literature. J Am Soc Echocard 1995; 8:108-110

89. El Muayed M, Burjonroppa SC, Croitoru M: Added accuracy with 3D echocardiographic imaging of valvular vegetations. Echocardiography 2005; 22:361-362

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92. Fanashawe MP, Shore-Lesserson L, Reich DL: Two cases of fatal thrombosis after aminocaproic acid therapy and deep hypothermic circulatory arrest. Anesthesiology 2001; 95:1525-1527

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99. Flachskampf FA, Banbury M, Smedira N, Thomas JD, Garcia M: Transesophageal echocardiography diagnosis of intramural hematoma of the ascending aorta: A word of caution. J Am Soc Echocardiogr 1999; 12:866-870

100.Flannery MT, Le M, Altus P: Endocarditis due to Salmonella. South Med J 2001; 94:427-428

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265.Riedel BJ, Dixon S, Lovell AT: Echocardiographic evidence for valvular abnormalities. J Cardiothorac Vasc Anesth 2003; 17:549-551

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270.Roux D, Brouchet L, Concina P, Elghobary T, Glock Y, Fournial G: Type-A acute aortic dissection: combined operation plus stent management. Ann Thorac Surg 2002; 73:1616-16118

271.Roychoudhury D, Chaithiraphan V, Stathopoulos IA, Fergus I, Tortolani A, Murkis MA, Messineo F: Culture-negative suppurative endocarditis causing severe mitral valve obstruction: complementary use of transesophageal and transthoracic echocardiography. Echocardiography 2003; 20:429-434

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294.Sriram K, Khorasani A, Mbekeani KE, Patel S: Tongue necrosis and cleft after prolonged transesophageal echocardiography probe placement. Anesthesiology 2006; 105:635

295.Stahl RD, Liu JC, Walsh JF: Blunt cardiac trauma: atrioventricular valve disruption and ventricular septal defect. Ann Thorac Surg 1997; 64:1466-1468

296.Stevenson JG: Incidence of complications in pediatric transesophageal echocardiography: experience in 1650 cases. J Am Soc Echocardiogr 1999; 12:527-532

297.Stollberger C, Finsterer J, Fousek C, Waldenberger FR, Haumer H, Lorenz W: Headache as the initial manifestation of acute aortic dissection type A. Cephalalgia 1998; 18:583-584

298.Stollberger C, Seitelberger R, Fenninger C, Prainer C, Slany J: Aneurysm of the left sinus of Valsalva. An unusual source of cerebral embolism. Stroke 1996; 27:1424-1426

299.Studley J, Tighe DA, Joelson JM, Flack JE 3rd: The hemodynamic signs of constrictive pericarditis can be mimicked by tricuspid regurgitation. Cardiol Rev 2003; 11:320-326

300.Svenarud P, Persson M, van der Linden J: Effect of CO2 insufflation on the number and behavior of air microemboli in open-heart surgery: a randomized clinical trial. Circulation 2004; 109:1127-1132

301.Szokol JW, Votapka TV, Salinger MH, Murphy GS, Golan JF, Wilkin T, Fohlich TG: Anomaly in the descending thoracic aorta. J Cardiothorac Vasc Anesth 2004; 18:812-813

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303.Tavilla G, Pacini D: Damage to the circumflex coronary artery during mitral valve repair with sliding leaflet technique. Ann Thorac Surg 1998; 66:2091-2093

304.Teebken OE, Pethig K, Krieg P, Haverich A, Harringer W: Valve-sparing repair after aortic root dissection following heart transplantation. J Heart Lung Transplant 1999; 18:807-809

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306.Tesler UF, Tomasco B: Repair of acute dissection of the ascending aorta associated with aortic coarctation. Tex Heart Inst J 1996; 23:170-173

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308.Theodore S, Vaidyanathan K, Jagannath BR, Nainar M, Krishnamoorthy J, Cherian KM: Takayasu's arteritis mimicking acute aortic dissection. Ann Thorac Surg 2007; 83:1876-1878

309.Thistlethwaite PA, Kriett JM, Madani MM, Jamieson SW: Acquired aortopulmonary fistula in acute dissection. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2001; 121:1213-1215

310.Thomas WJ, Steiman DM, Kovach JA, Vernalis MN: Doppler echocardiography and hemodynamic findings in localized pericardial constriction. Am Heart J 1996; 131:599-603

311.Tilak M, Smith J, Rogers D, Fox P, Muntazar M, Peyton M: Successful near-term pregnancy outcome after repair of a dissecting thoracic aortic aneurysm at 14 weeks gestation. Can J Anaesth 2005; 52:1071-1075

312.Totaro P, Lorusso R, Ceconi C, Zogno M: Transperitoneal approach for pericardial drainage. J Cardiovasc Surg (Torino) 2002; 43:671-673

313.Touati G, Carmi D, Trojette F, Jarry G: Intimo-intimal intussusception: a rare clinical form of aortic dissection. Eur J Cardiothorac Surg 2003; 23:119-121

314.Trehan N, Mishra M, Dhole S, Mishra A, Karlekar A, Kohli VM: Significantly reduced incidence of stroke during coronary artery bypass grafting using transesophageal echocardiography. Eur J Cardiothorac Surg 1997; 11:234-242

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316.Tsukube T, Ataka K, Taniguchi T, Yokoyama M, Hanioka K: Papillary fibroelastoma of the left atrial appendage: echocardiographic findings. Ann Thorac Surg 2000; 70:1416-1417

317.Tsunekawa T, Kobayashi J, Tagusari O, Bando K, Niwaya K, Nakajima H, Yagihara T, Ishibashi-Ueda H, Kitamura S: Infective endocarditis and pseudoaneurysm: fatal complications of mitral annular calcification. Ann Thorac Surg 2006; 81:1881-1882

318.Varela JA, Hortal FJ, Zaballos M, Riesgo MJ: Unexpected aortic dissection detected by transoesophageal echocardiography in the operating theatre at the beginning of cardiac surgery. Eur J Anaesthesiol 2005; 22:553-554

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321.Vieira ML, Pomerantzeff PM, Pillco LL, Da Costa JM, Mathias W, Leal SB, Grinberg M, Andrade JL, Ramires JA: Conservative surgical treatment of anterior mitral valve aneurysm secondary to aortic valve endocarditis. Echocardiography 2003; 20:435-438

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337.Yeo TC, Ling LH, Ng WL, Chia BL: Spontaneous aortic laceration causing flail aortic valve and acute aortic regurgitation. J Am Soc Echocardiogr 1999; 12:76-78

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Catheter-Based Intracardiac Procedures:

Nonrandomized comparative studies

Comparisons of TEE with other diagnostic modalities 1. Abdel-Massih T, Dulac Y, Taktak A, Aggoun Y, Massabuau P, Elbaz M, Carrie D, Acar

P: Assessment of atrial septal defect size with 3D-transesophageal echocardiography: comparison with balloon method. Echocardiography 2005; 22:121-127

2. Alboliras ET, Hijazi ZM: Comparison of costs of intracardiac echocardiography and transesophageal echocardiography in monitoring percutaneous device closure of atrial septal defect in children and adults. Am J Cardiol 2004; 94:690-692

3. Boccalandro F, Muench A, Salloum J, Awadalla H, Carter C, Barasch E, Smalling RW: Interatrial defect sizing by intracardiac and transesophageal echocardiography compared with fluoroscopic measurements in patients undergoing percutaneous transcatheter closure. Catheter Cardiovasc Interv 2004; 62:415-420

4. Durongpisitkul K, Tang NL, Soongswang J, Laohaprasitiporn D, Nana A, Kangkagate C: Cardiac magnetic resonance imaging of atrial septal defect for transcatheter closure. J Med Assoc Thai 2002; 85 Suppl 2:S658-S666

5. El-Said HG, Bezold LI, Grifka RG, Pignatelli RH, McMahon CJ, Schutte DA, Smith EO, Mullins CE: Sizing of atrial septal defects to predict successful closure with transcatheter cardioSEAL device. Tex Heart Inst J 2001; 28:177-182

6. Goswami KC, Narang R, Bahl VK, Talwar KK, Manchanda SC: Comparative evaluation of transthoracic and transesophageal echocardiography in detection of left atrial thrombus before percutaneous transvenous mitral commissurotomy. Do all patients need transesophageal examination? Int J Cardiol 1997; 62:237-249

7. Nusser T, Hoher M, Merkle N, Grebe OC, Spiess J, Kestler HA, Rasche V, Kochs M, Hombach V, Wohrle J: Cardiac magnetic resonance imaging and transesophageal echocardiography in patients with transcatheter closure of patent foramen ovale. J Am Coll Cardiol 2006; 48:322-329

8. Tamborini G, Pepi M, Susini F, Trabattoni D, Maltagliati A, Berna G, Onorato E, Bartorelli AL: Comparison of two- and three-dimensional transesophageal echocardiography in patients undergoing atrial septal closure with the amplatzer septal occluder. Am J Cardiol 2002; 90:1025-1028

9. Zhu W, Cao QL, Rhodes J, Hijazi ZM: Measurement of atrial septal defect size: a comparative study between three-dimensional transesophageal echocardiography and the standard balloon sizing methods. Pediatr Cardiol 2000; 21:465-469

 Observational studies, case reports, or non-pertinent comparison groups

 1. Argenziano M, Oz MC, Kohmoto T, Morgan J, Dimitui J, Mongero L, Beck J, Smith CR:

Totally endoscopic atrial septal defect repair with robotic assistance. Circulation 2003; 108:II191-II194

2. Banerjee A, Bengur AR, Li JS, Homans DC, Toher C, Bank AJ, Marx GR, Rhodes J, Das GS: Echocardiographic characteristics of successful deployment of the Das AngelWings atrial septal defect closure device: initial multicenter experience in the United States. Am J Cardiol 1999; 83:1236-1241

3. Bartel T, Konorza T, Arjumand J, Ebradlidze T, Eggebrecht H, Caspari G, Neudorf U, Erbel R: Intracardiac echocardiography is superior to conventional monitoring for guiding device closure of interatrial communications. Circulation 2003; 107:795-797

4. Brochu MC, Baril JF, Dore A, Juneau M, De Guise P, Mercier LA: Improvement in exercise capacity in asymptomatic and mildly symptomatic adults after atrial septal defect percutaneous closure. Circulation 2002; 106:1821-1826

5. Cao Q, Radtke W, Berger F, Zhu W, Hijazi ZM: Transcatheter closure of multiple atrial septal defects. Initial results and value of two- and three-dimensional transoesophageal echocardiography. Eur Heart J 2000; 21:941-947

6. Carcagni A, Presbitero P: New echocardiographic diameter for Amplatzer sizing in adult patients with secundum atrial septal defect: preliminary results. Cath Cardio Interv 2004; 62:409-414

7. Chan KC, Godman MJ, Walsh K, Wilson N, Redington A, Gibbs JL: Transcatheter closure of atrial septal defect and interatrial communications with a new self expanding nitinol double disc device (Amplatzer septal occluder): multicentre UK experience. Heart 1999; 82:300-306

8. Chang CH, Lin PJ, Chu JJ, Liu HP, Tsai FC, Chung YY, Kung CC, Lin FC, Chiang CW, Su WJ, Yang MW, Tan PP: Surgical closure of atrial septal defect. Minimally invasive cardiac surgery or median sternotomy? Surg Endosc 1998; 12:820-824

9. Chen TH, Chan KC, Cheng YJ, Wang MJ, Tsai SK: Bedside pericardiocentesis under the guidance of transesophageal echocardiography in a 13-month-old boy. J Formos Med Assoc 2001; 100:620-622

10. Du ZD, Koenig P, Cao QL, Waight D, Heitschmidt M, Hijazi ZM: Comparison of transcatheter closure of secundum atrial septal defect using the Amplatzer septal occluder associated with deficient versus sufficient rims. Am J Cardiol 2002; 90:865-869

11. Figueroa MI, Balaguru D, McClure C, Kline CH, Radtke WA, Shirali GS: Experience with use of multiplane transesophageal echocardiography to guide closure of atrial septal defects using the amplatzer device. Pediatr Cardiol 2002; 23:430-436

12. Fischer G, Kramer HH, Stieh J, Harding P, Jung O: Transcatheter closure of secundum atrial septal defects with the new self-centering Amplatzer Septal Occluder. Eur Heart J 1999; 20:541-549

13. Kaulitz R, Paul T, Hausdorf G: Extending the limits of transcatheter closure of atrial septal defects with the double umbrella device (CardioSEAL). Heart 1998; 80:54-59

14. Leung DY, Black IW, Cranney GB, McCredie RM, Hopkins AP, Walsh WF: Resolution of left atrial spontaneous echocardiographic contrast after percutaneous mitral valvuloplasty: implications for thromboembolic risk. Am Heart J 1995; 129:65-70

15. Lin JM, Hsu KL, Hwang JJ, Li YH, Tseng YZ: Effects of percutaneous mitral valvuloplasty on left atrial appendage flow velocity. Am J Cardiol 1995; 76:609-611

16. Lin SM, Tsai SK, Wang JK, Han YY, Jean WH, Yeh YC: Supplementing transesophageal echocardiography with transthoracic echocardiography for monitoring transcatheter

closure of atrial septal defects with attenuated anterior rim: a case series. Anesth Analg 2003; 96:1584-1588

17. Oho S, Ishizawa A, Akagi T, Dodo H, Kato H: Transcatheter closure of atrial septal defects with the Amplatzer septal occluder--a Japanese clinical trial. Circ J 2002; 66:791-794

18. Schwerzmann M, Windecker S, Wahl A, Mehta H, Nedeltchev K, Mattle H, Seiler C, Meier B: Percutaneous closure of patent foramen ovale: impact of device design on safety and efficacy. Heart 2004; 90:186-190

19. Scott NS, King ME, McQuillan B, Shariff S, Hung JW, Januzzi JL, Palacios IF, Picard MH: Effect of atrial septal mobility on transcatheter closure of interatrial communications. Echocardiography 2003; 20:711-714

20. Secknus MA, Asher CR, Scalia GM, Cosgrove DM 3rd, Stewart WJ: Intraoperative transesophageal echocardiography in minimally invasive cardiac valve surgery. J Am Soc Echocardiogr 1999; 12:231-236

21. Sievert H, Babic UU, Hausdorf G, Schneider M, Hopp HW, Pfeiffer D, Pfisterer M, Friedli B, Urban P: Transcatheter closure of atrial septal defect and patent foramen ovale with ASDOS device (a multi-institutional European trial). Am J Cardiol 1998; 82:1405-1413

22. Wang JK, Tsai SK, Wu MH, Lin MT, Lue HC: Short- and intermediate-term results of transcatheter closure of atrial septal defect with the Amplatzer Septal Occluder. Am Heart J 2004; 148:511-517

23. Yoshida Y, Kubo S, Tamaki S, Inoue K: Percutaneous transvenous mitral commissurotomy for mitral stenosis patients with markedly severe mitral valve deformity: immediate results and long-term clinical outcome. Am J Cardiol 1995; 76:406-408

Pacemaker and ICD Lead Extraction:

Nonrandomized comparative studies

Comparisons of TEE with other diagnostic modalities 

1. Victor F, De Place C, Camus C, Le Breton H, Leclercq C, Pavin D, Mabo P, Daubert C: Pacemaker lead infection: echocardiographic features, management, and outcome. Heart 1999; 81:82-87

Observational studies, case reports, or non-pertinent comparison groups

1. Dumont E, Camus C, Victor F, de Place C, Pavin D, Alonso C, Mabo P, Daubert JC: Suspected pacemaker or defibrillator transvenous lead infection. Prospective assessment of a TEE-guided therapeutic strategy. Eur Heart J 2003; 24:1779-1787

2. Kranidis A, Filippatos G, Koulouris S, Charitos C, Sioula E: Pacemaker endocarditis with sizeable vegetation and intermittent fever. Echocardiography 2003; 20:295-296

3. Mehta A, Fisher MA, Jain AC, Graeber G, Mehta M: Right ventricular endocarditis due to infection of pacemaker apparatus. W V Med J 1998; 94:195-197

4. Miralles A, Moncada V, Chevez H, Rodriguez R, Granados J, Castells E: Pacemaker endocarditis: approach for lead extraction in endocarditis with large vegetations. Ann Thorac Surg 2001; 72:2130-2132

5. Ruttmann E, Hangler HB, Kilo J, Hofer D, Muller LC, Hintringer F, Muller S, Laufer G, Antretter H: Transvenous pacemaker lead removal is safe and effective even in large vegetations: an analysis of 53 cases of pacemaker lead endocarditis. Pacing Clin Electrophysiol 2006; 29:231-236

6. Voet JG, Vandekerckhove YR, Muyldermans LL, Missault LH, Matthys LJ: Pacemaker lead infection: report of three cases and review of the literature. Heart 1999; 81:88-91

II. Non Cardiac Surgery

Neurosurgery:

Nonrandomized comparative studies

Comparisons of TEE with other diagnostic modalities 

1. Stendel R, Gramm HJ, Schroder K, Lober C, Brock M: Transcranial Doppler ultrasonography as a screening technique for detection of a patent foramen ovale before surgery in the sitting position. Anesthesiology 2000; 93:971-975

Observational studies, case reports, or non-pertinent comparison groups 

1. Draganov J, Scheeren TW: Incidental detection of paradoxical air embolism with a transoesophageal Doppler probe inserted for measuring descending aortic blood flow. Br J Anaesth 2003; 90:520-522

2. Greim CA, Trautner H, Kramer K, Zimmermann P, Apfel CC, Roewer N: The detection of interatrial flow patency in awake and anesthetized patients: a comparative study using transnasal transesophageal echocardiography. Anesth Analg 2001; 92:1111-1116

3. Kwapisz MM, Deinsberger W, Muller M, Nopens H, Neuhauser C, Klasen J, Hempelmann G: Transesophageal echocardiography as a guide for patient positioning before neurosurgical procedures in semi-sitting position. J Neurosurg Anesthesiol 2004; 16:277-281

4. Machinis TG, Fountas KN, Hudson J, Robinson JS, Troup EC: Accurate placement of the distal end of a ventriculoatrial shunt with the aid of real-time transesophageal echocardiography. J Neorosurg 2006; 153:153-156

5. Mammoto T, Hayashi Y, Ohnishi Y, Kuro M: Incidence of venous and paradoxical air embolism in neurosurgical patients in the sitting position: detection by transesophageal echocardiography. Acta Anaesth Scand 1998; 42:643-647

6. Reeves ST, Bevis LA, Bailey BN: Positioning a right atrial air aspiration catheter using transesophageal echocardiography. J Neurosurg Anesthesiology 1996; 8:123-125

Liver Transplantation:

Observational studies, case reports, or non-pertinent comparison groups 1. Sharma A, Pagel PS, Bhatia A: Intraoperative iatrogenic acute pericardial tamponade: use

of rescue transesophageal echocardiography in a patient undergoing orthotopic liver transplantation. J Cardiothorac Vasc Anesth 2005; 19:364-366

Orthopedic Surgery:

Observational studies, case reports, or non-pertinent comparison groups 

1. Ashidagawa M, Ohara M, Koide Y: An intraoperative diagnosis of dynamic left ventricular outflow tract obstruction using transesophageal echocardiography leads to the treatment with intravenous disopyramide. Anesth Analg 2002; 94:310-312

2. Dang CP, Pereon Y, Champin P, Delecrin J, Passuti N: Paradoxical air embolism from patent foramen ovale in scoliosis surgery. Spine 2002; 27:E291-295

3. Zvara DA, Olympio MA, Frankland MJ, Wilson JA: Dynamic left ventricular outflow obstruction during lumbar laminectomy as an unexpected cause of intraoperative hypotension. J Neurosurg Anesthesiol 2002; 14:146-148

Vascular/Endovascular Surgery:

Nonrandomized comparative studies

Comparisons of TEE with other diagnostic modalities 

1. Abe S, Ono S, Murata K, Tomochika Y, Kimura K, Fujino T, Ueda K, Tone T, Tanaka N, Takenaka H, Zempo N, Esato K, Matsunaga N, Matsuzaki M: Usefulness of transesophageal echocardiographic monitoring in transluminal endovascular stent-graft repair for thoracic aortic aneurysm. Jpn Circ J 2000; 64: 960-964

2. Koschyk DH, Nienaber CA, Knap M, Hofmann T, Kodolitsch YV, Skriabina V, Ismail M, Franzen O, Rehders TC, Dieckmann C, Lund G, Reichenspurner H, Meinertz T: How to guide stent-graft implantation in type B aortic dissection? Comparison of angiography, transesophageal echocardiography, and intravascular ultrasound. Circulation 2005; 112:I260-1264

3. Swaminathan M, Lineberger CK, McCann RL, Mathew JP: The importance of intraoperative transesophageal echocardiography in endovascular repair of thoracic aortic aneurysms. Anesth Analg 2003; 97:1566-1572

 Observational studies, case reports, or non-pertinent comparison groups

 1. Corda DM, Caruso LJ, Mangano D: Myocardial ischemia detected by transesophageal

echocardiography in a patient undergoing peripheral vascular surgery. J Clin Anesth 2000; 12:491-497

2. Cuypers PW, Gardien M, Buth J, Peels CH, Charbon JA, Hop WC: Randomized study comparing cardiac response in endovascular and open abdominal aortic aneurysm repair. Br J Surg 2001; 88:1059-1065

3. Draznin J, Spencer KT: Squamous cell carcinoma masquerading as a thoracic intramural hematoma. Echocardiography 2001; 18:175-177

4. Fattori R, Caldarera I, Rapezzi C, Rocchi G, Napoli G, Parlapiano M, Favali M, Pierangeli A, Gavelli G: Primary endoleakage in endovascular treatment of the thoracic aorta: importance of intraoperative transesophageal echocardiography. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2000; 120:490-495

5. Fisher MA, Henry D, Gillam L, Chen C: Toxic methemoglobinemia: a rare but serious complication of transesophageal echocardiography. Can J Cardiol 1998; 14:1157-1160

6. Gonzalez-Fajardo JA, Gutierrez V, San Roman JA, Serrador A, Arreba E, Del Rio L, Martin M, Carrera S, Vaquero C: Utility of intraoperative transesophageal echocardiography during endovascular stent-graft repair of acute thoracic aortic dissection. Ann Vasc Surg 2002; 16:297-303

7. Kharasch ED, Sivarajan M: Gastroesophageal perforation after intraoperative transesophageal echocardiography. Anesthesiology 1996; 85:426-428

8. Kolev N, Ihra G, Swanevelder J, Spiss CK, Hartmann T, Zimpfer M: Biplane transoesophageal echocardiographic detection of myocardial ischaemia in patients with coronary artery disease undergoing non-cardiac surgery: segmental wall motion vs. electrocardiography and haemodynamic performance. Eur J Anaesthesiol 1997; 14:412-420

9. Martin M, Moris C, Hevia S, Lee D, Lozano I, Avanzas P, Diaz Molina B, Llaneza JM, Vega F, Fernandez F, Llosa JC: Intimal dehiscence during endovascular treatment of thoracic aortic dissection. Int J Cardiol 2007; 114:e1-e2

10. Moskowitz DM, Kahn RA, Konstadt SN, Mitty H, Hollier LH, Marin ML: Intraoperative transesophageal echocardiography as an adjuvant to fluoroscopy during endovascular thoracic aortic repair. Eur J Vasc Endovasc Surg 1999; 17:22-27

11. Orihashi K, Matsuura Y, Sueda T, Watari M, Okada K, Sugawara Y, Ishii O: Echocardiography-assisted surgery in transaortic endovascular stent grafting: role of transesophageal echocardiography. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2000; 120:672-678

12. Ouattara A, Boccara G, Chiche L, Coriat P: Intraoperative diagnosis of an unsuspected left atrial myxoma by transesophageal echocardiography. Anesth Analg 2002; 94:1458-1459

13. Rocchi G, Lofiego C, Biagini E, Piva T, Bracchetti G, Lovato L, Parlapiano M, Ferlito M, Rapezzi C, Branzi A, Fattori R: Transesophageal echocardiography-guided algorithm for stent-graft implantation in aortic dissection. J Vasc Surg 2004; 40:880-885

14. Talke P, Li J, Jain U, Leung J, Drasner K, Hollenberg M, Mangano DT: Effects of perioperative dexmedetomidine infusion in patients undergoing vascular surgery. The Study of Perioperative Ischemia Research Group. Anesthesiology 1995; 82:620-633

Other Major Surgery:

Observational studies, case reports, or non-pertinent comparison groups 

1. Barletta G, Del BM, Palminiello A, Fantini F: Left-ventricular diastolic dysfunction during pneumonectomy--a transesophageal echocardiographic study. Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 1996; 44:92-96

2. Bein B, Renner J, Scholz J, Tonner PH: An undiagnosed, massive pericardial effusion with a swinging heart. J Cardiothorac Vasc Anesth 2006; 20:242-244

3. Gorcsan J 3rd, Edwards TD, Ziady GM, Katz WE, Griffith BP: Transesophageal echocardiography to evaluate patients with severe pulmonary hypertension for lung transplantation. Ann Thorac Surg 1995; 59:717-722

4. Huang YC, Cheng YJ, Lin YH, Wang MJ, Tsai SK: Graft failure caused by pulmonary venous obstruction diagnosed by intraoperative transesophageal echocardiography during lung transplantation. Anesth Analg 2000; 91:558-560

5. Memtsoudis SG, Rosenberger P, Loffler M, Eltzschig HK, Mizuguchi A, Shernan SK, Fox JA: The usefulness of transesophageal echocardiography during intraoperative cardiac arrest in noncardiac surgery. Anesth Analg 2006; 102:1653-1657

6. Michel-Cherqui M, Brusset A, Liu N, Raffin L, Schlumberger S, Ceddaha A, Fischler M: Intraoperative transesophageal echocardiographic assessment of vascular anastomoses in lung transplantation. A report on 18 cases. Chest 1997; 111:1229-1235

7. O'Hara JF, Jr., Sprung J, Whalley D, Lewis B, Zanettin G, Klein E: Transesophageal echocardiography in monitoring of intrapulmonary embolism during inferior vena cava tumor resection. J Cardiothorac Vasc Anesth 1999; 13:69-71

8. Sasaoka N, Kawaguchi M, Sha K, Sakamoto T, Shimokawa M, Kitaguchi K, Furuya H: Intraoperative immediate diagnosis of acute obstruction of tricuspid valve and pulmonary embolism due to renal cell carcinoma with transesophageal echocardiography. Anesthesiology 1997; 87: 998-1001

9. Sigman DB, Hasnain JU, Del Pizzo JJ, Sklar GN: Real-time transesophageal echocardiography for intraoperative surveillance of patients with renal cell carcinoma and vena caval extension undergoing radical nephrectomy. J Urol 1999; 161:36-38

10. Suriani RJ, Neustein S, Shore-Lesserson L, Konstadt S: Intraoperative transesophageal echocardiography during noncardiac surgery. J Cardiothorac Vasc Anesth 1998; 12:274-280

III. Critical Care (Postoperative: CCU, ICU)

Nonrandomized comparative studies

Comparisons of TEE with other diagnostic modalities 

1. Costachescu T, Denault A, Guimond JG, Couture P, Carignan S, Sheridan P, Hellou G, Blair L, Normandin L, Babin D, Allard M, Harel F, Buithieu J: The hemodynamically unstable patient in the intensive care unit: Hemodynamic vs. transesophageal echocardiographic monitoring. Crit Care Med 2002; 30:1214-1223

 

Observational studies, case reports, or non-pertinent comparison groups 

1. Anderson D, Wibbenmeyer L, Morgan L, Kerber R, Kealey GP: Left atrial thrombus after emergency left atrial cannulation for cardiopulmonary bypass. J Trauma 2000; 49:345-347

2. Aoyagi S, Tayama E, Nishimi M, Chihara S, Onizuka S, Fukunaga S: Aortic dissections complicating open cardiac surgery: report of three cases. Surg Today 2000; 30:1022-1025

3. Brown J, Ryder I, Wilde P, Ciulli F: Pulmonary edema following aortic valve replacement. J Cardiothorac Vasc Anesth 2002; 16:123-124

4. Fukui T, Suehiro S, Shibata T, Hattori K, Hirai H: Retropericardial hematoma complicating off-pump coronary artery bypass surgery. Ann Thorac Surg 2002; 73:1629-1631

5. Hearn CJ, Smedira NG: Pulmonic valve endocarditis after orthotopic liver transplantation. Liver Transpl Surg 1999; 5:456-457

6. Hill SL, Berul CI, Patel HT, Rhodes J, Supran SE, Cao QL, Hijazi ZM: Early ECG abnormalities associated with transcatheter closure of atrial septal defects using the Amplatzer septal occluder. J Interv Card Electrophysiol 2000; 4:469-474

7. Krake PR, Zaman F, Tandon N: Native quadruple-valve endocarditis caused by enterococcus faecalis. Tex Heart Inst J 2004; 31:90-92

8. Lopez-Candales A, Kaczorowski D, Pellegrini R: An unusual clinical presentation resembling superior vena cava syndrome post heart surgery. Cardiovasc Ultrasound 2005; 3:31

9. Ninomiya M, Takamoto S, Kotsuka Y, Ohtsuka T: Left atrial dissection after double valve replacement. Ann Thorac Surg 2003; 75:584-586

10. Ochiai Y, Morita S, Tanoue Y, Kawachi Y, Tominaga R, Yasui H: Use of transesophageal echocardiography for postoperative evaluation of right ventricular function. Ann Thorac Surg 1999; 67:146-152

11. Orr WP, Banning AP: Aortic atherosclerotic debris detected by trans-oesophageal echocardiography—a risk factor for cholesterol embolization. QJM 1999; 92:341-346

12. Ortu P, Mestres CA, Miro JM, Pomar JL: Staphylococcal postoperative subannular left ventricular false aneurysm. Eur J Cardiothorac Surg 2003; 23:244-245

13. Paci AM, Lattanzi F, Cabani E, Conti U, De Tommasi SM: Non-obstructive prosthetic aortic valve thrombosis presenting with acute myocardial infarction and stroke in a patient with inadequate low-molecular-weight heparin treatment. The unlucky patient and the (pseudo) prudent physician. J Cardiovasc Med 2007; 8:277-280

14. Pascotto M, Severino S, Caso P, Covino F, Rossi G, Mininni N, Calabro R: Conservative therapeutic approach in a case of coronary dissection extending into the aortic root complicating coronary angioplasty. J Am Soc Echocardiogr 2005; 18:481-482

15. Shehata AR, Gillam LD, Weisburst MR, Chen C: Pericardial hematoma causing saphenous vein graft compression. Am Heart J 1996; 131:598-599

16. Tsubo T, Araki I, Ishihara H, Matsuki A: Atrial septal hematoma immediately after cardiac surgery: detection using transesophageal echocardiography. Anesthesiology 1995; 83:620-621

17. Yeh YL, Liu CK, Chang WK, Chan KH, Li JY, Tsai SK: Detection of right to left shunt by transesophageal echocardiography in a patient with postoperative hypoxemia. J Formos Med Assoc 2006; 105:418-421