03 ICAM in SE-Asia Stefan Groenewold

8/3/2019 03 ICAM in SE-Asia Stefan Groenewold

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Development and Implementation of

Integrated Coastal Area Management

(ICAM) in the South-East Asian Region

Dragon Institute, College for Environment & NaturalResources, Can Tho University (CTU)

by

Stefan Alfred Groenewold


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Objectives01

i. How did the ICAM approach develop inSouth East Asia, and what are the

differences, common grounds and new

challenges?

ii. Which lessons we can learn and which good

practices we possibly can transfer from

experiences for the implementation of

ICAM in Vietnam?


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Outline02

Facts & Figures

South East Asia ICAM Concept &development in SE

Asia; global issues Implementation of

ICAM in ASEAN

Pilot projects,

Lessonslearned

Conclusion &Outlook


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03

Facts & Figures: coastline

Length Coastline in km

0 10000 20000 30000 40000 50000 60000

INDO

PHIL

AUST

CHIN

PAPU

MALA

VIET

THAI

TIMO

BANG

CAMB

SING


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04

Facts & Figures: population

Population in millions

0

50

100

150

200

250


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05

Facts & Figures: HDI

HumanDevelopmentIndexH

DI

0

0,1

0,2

0,3

0,4

0,5

0,6

0,7

0,8

0,9


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06 Facts & Figures: Fish catch (FAO 2009)

0

1000

2000

3000

4000

5000

Fishcatchintonsx1000


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07 Facts & Figures: Aquaculture (FAO 2009)

Aquaculturep

roduction

into

nsx1000

0

500

1000

1500

2000

2500


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08 Facts & Figures: coastal habitats - mangroves

Mangrove

forestin

sqkmx1000

0 5 10 15 20 25 30

SING

CAMB

VIET

THAIPHIL

BANG

MYNA

MALA

INDO


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09 Facts & Figures: coastal habitats- coral reefs

CoralReefsinsqkmx1000

0 10 20 30 40 50

BANG

CAMB

SING

VIET

PAPU

THAI

MALA

PHIL

INDO


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10 Facts & Figures: Economic Value of coastalhabitats

0 5 10 15 20 25 30

SING

CAMB

VIET

THAI

PHIL

BANG

MYNA

MALA

INDO

Economic Value of Mangroves in SE Asia:

5,168,000,000 USD (UNEP 2007)

0 10 20 30 40 50

BANG

CAMB

SING

VIET

PAPU

THAI

MALA

PHIL

INDO

Economic Value of Coral Reefs in SE Asia:

1,157,000,000 USD (UNEP 2007)


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11 Facts & Figures: Climate ChangeImpacts

Vulnerability map


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12 ICAM implementation: Marine Protected Areas

MPAs are considered as highly effective tools for conservation &

sustainable use of marine resources (FAO MDG database 2009,

map ACB = Asian Centre for Biodiversity, PHIL)


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13 ICAM implementation: Marine Protected Areas

% (percentage of territorial waters per country)

0 1 2 3 4 5

CAMB

BANG

MYNA

PHIL

SING

VIET

INDO

EuropeTHAI

MALA


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14

1992

1998

1994

1997

2010

ICAM development SE Asia -

some events with impact:

Earth Summit - Rio

Declaration

Bali CC Conferenceroadmap

Millenium Development goals

Kyoto protocol

PEMSEA founded, ASEAN context

FAO ICAM guideline

2000

Tsunami Indian Ocean2004


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15 ICAM: Cloud of components

Fishery regulations

Aquaculture

Livelihood (general)Habitat conservation

Habitat rehabilitation

Sustainable land-use

Disaster mitigationSustainable tourism

Waster management

Watershed-management

Climate Change adaptation &mitigation

Coastline protection

Coastal Resource mappingLaw enforcement

Legal framwork (local &

national)

Education (formal & informal)


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16 ICAM: Process, roadmap

Resource assessment

Risk assessment

Policy vision

Participatory planning & spatial zoning

Capacity development, vocational trainingInformation-Education Campaign (IEC)

Monitoring & Evaluation


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17 ICAM: Principles & Objectives

Environmental Sustainability

Precautionary Principle & EIA

Equitable Development

Multiple sectoral approach

Eco-system based Management


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18 ICAM: International players

Just one Example:

Lessons learned from USAid Fish project:

Long-term commitment

Stepwise integration & multi-level intervention

Adoptation of global issues (Ecosystem based

management, good governance, CC adaptation)


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19 ICAM: Knowledge network

Universities with certain ICM

knowledge development

Others:

National Ministries for

Environment,

Fisheries, Planning,

Marine Resources

SEAFDEC institutions


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20 ICAM: Asian Initiatives & Players

SEAFDECSouth East Asian Fisheries Development Center

(Bangkok, K, Singapore, Malaysia,

Philippines)


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21 ICAM: Asian Initiatives & Players

PEMSEA

Partnership in Environmental

Management for the Seas of East

Asia, 1994 in partnership with UN.

Since 1993 ICM program,

before mainly working on Marine

Pollution, situated in Quezon CityPHL.


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22 ICAM implementation:

Visiting PEMSEA demonstration sites &

SEAFDEC project sites

Criteria: ICAM components, process, principles


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23 ICAM implementation: Project sites

Where: Chonburi, Thailand

Since 2001, 160 (before 28)km coastline, 1,3 million

inhabitants, 205 km sea,

129 km land


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Where: Chonburi, ThailandMain components I:

Environmental risk assessment

(according to internationalstandards)

Mangrove rehabilitation (97% were

lost)

Sustainable fishery (CFRM) (after sharp

decline of small-scaled fishery)

Environmental friendly aquaculture

25 l


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Main components II:

Waste treatment program

Solid waste Program

Sustainable tourism (island)

Oil spill contingency plan 2010ICM workshops for municipalities

Pollution control program

26 i l i j i


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Main components III:Spawning Blue crab shelter project

Sea turtle protection program

27 ICAM i l i P j i


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Principles & Process:

Increasing bottom up community based

management, decentralisation (ICM MOAwith Provinve

National Program:

Marine & Coastal Management act draft

National CC Adaptation plan 2008-12

(chaired by Prime minister)

Department for Marine Resource

28 ICAM i l i P j i


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Lessons learned:

Sharing knowledge with neighboring

municipalities (up-scaling)Cross visits (to PHL) were inspirating

29 ICAM i l t ti P j t it


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Where: Sihanoukville,

CambodiaSince 2001, 120 km coastline,

130,000 inhabitants,

3207 km sea, 1283 km land



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Cambodia

Main components I:Environmental monitoring

Knowledge & skill development

Sustainable tourismIEC Information Education Campaigns

Coastal Zoning training 2011



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Cambodia

Main components II:

Water pollution

Waste management

Fish catch survey

Mudcrab and swimming crab Resourcemanagement project



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Cambodia

Principles & Process:

Bottom up community based management,

food security has highest priority

National Program:

ICM policy draft but lack of capacityNational CC adaptation plan 2007

Disaster Risk reduction strategy 2009



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Cambodia

Lessons learned:Cambodia has little experience with

ICM/ICAM, therefore capacity

building, vocational training andbaseline survey has priority;

IEC creates broad acceptance



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Where: Port Klang, Malaysia

Since 2001, 54 km coastline,696,900 inhabitants,

612 km sea, 627 km land,

One of the busiest waterways

in the world



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Main components I:

Water pollution

Integrated River Bassin Management

Strengthening Law enforcement (fishery,

mangrove logging, team training, equipmentupgrade)

Mangrove rehabilitation

Wetland protection



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Main components II:

Erosion control program

Waste management

Marine resource assessment (according toUNEP/PEMSEA standards)



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Principles & Process:More top down approach, but increasing

community based management

Strong law enforcement



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National Program:ICM policy by federal government, CZM Plan

2006-2020

National CC adaptation plan 2007



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Lessons learned:Water vision plan 2025 links river bassin

management with ICM

Still weak institutional capacity at local level

Inefficient use of funds, Overlapping

responsibilities of government agencies



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40 pTrans-boundary projects

South China Sea Project

2002-2008

Vietnam, Cambodia,

Indonesia, Malaysia,Philippines, Thailand,

China

CCI Coral Triangel Initiative

2009-



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41 pTrans-boundary projects

South China Sea Project

Outcomes:Intensive Capacity development

program

Database (website), baselineresearch

Fish refugia, 11 demonstration

sites

39 sectoral action plans

Economic valuation of coastal

resources

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Lessons learned


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42 Lessons learned

East Asian Sea Congress 2009 in Manila

Four Lessons learned for effective ICMimplementation Coastal Governance

1. Understanding marine economy

2. Facilitating Ecosystem based Managment(EBM)

3. Implementing Marine spatial planning

4. Expanding capacity building in the region bytraining & advanced education

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Lessons learned


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43 Lessons learned

East Asian Sea Congress 2009 in Manila

Main barriers for implementing ICM/ICAM

1. No clear jurisdiction over coastal

resources2. Political resistence of local government

and people

3. Local natural resources are controlled bya small selected stakeholder group

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Conclusions: Matching objectives


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44 Conclusions: Matching objectives

Successful ICAM implementation is site-specific!

Especially in the starting phase of ICAM

implementation, IEC and local capacity

training is essential

ICAM is suitable for highly industrialized areas as

well as for rural areas

ICAM is a long-term committment, a process that

needs to be maintained regularly

Finish: Food for Thoughts45


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s ood o oug ts

What is the country-specific challenge and

needs for the implementation of ICAM in

Vietnam?

46 Finish


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Thank you for your attention

03 ICAM in SE-Asia Stefan Groenewold

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Transcript of 03 ICAM in SE-Asia Stefan Groenewold