01 - LTE-SAE Overview v1.0

1 © Nokia Siemens Networks LTE/SAE Overview / Jose Maria Anarte / v 1.0 / Document NumberFor public use – IPR applies

LTE/SAE OverviewLTE/SAE Fundamentals Course


Nokia Siemens Networks Academy

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Module Objectives

After completing this module, the participant should be able to:

• Understand the reasons driving to the LTE/SAE project.

• List the LTE/SAE main requirements.

• Discuss the future of wireless communications.

• Compare LTE/SAE capabilities with other mobile technologies.

• Review the 3GPP specification work concerning LTE/SAE.

• Identify the major steps in the Network Architecture Evolution towards an LTE/SAE network.

• Underline the LTE/SAE key features.

• Briefly explain the basics of the LTE Air Interface.

• Name the Standardisation bodies around LTE/SAE.


Module Contents

• Why LTE?

• LTE main requirements

• LTE versus other Mobile technologies

• LTE Specification work done and scheduled

• Network Architecture Evolution

• LTE key features

• Basics of the LTE Air Interface

• Standardisation around LTE

• LTE Summary


Module Contents

• Why LTE?








• LTE Summary


A little bit of History

•New technologies developed in the last 15 years in telecommunication brought available transmission rates to a total new level.

•Two systems have affected the life of nearly everyone:

–mobile communication via 2G network like GSM

–Wired & wireless data connectivity (xDSL & WLAN IEEE 802.11/a/b/g standards)

•3G networks the first step towards a convergence between both networks


The way to LTE: 3 main 3G limitations

1.- The maximum bit rates still are factor of 20 and more behind the current state of the art systems like 802.11n and 802.16e/m. Even the support for higher mobility levels is not an excuse for this.

2.- The latency of user plane traffic (UMTS: >30 ms) and of resource assignment procedures (UMTS: >100 ms) is too big to handle traffic with high bit rate variance efficiently.

3.- The terminal complexity for WCDMA or MC-CDMA systems is quite high, making equipment expensive, resulting in poor performing implementations of receivers and inhibiting the implementation of other performance enhancements.


The way to the Long-Term Evolution (LTE): a 3GPP driven initiative

•LTE is 3GPP system for the years 2010 to 2020 and beyond.

•It shall especially compete with WiMAX 802.16e/m

•It must keep the support for high and highest mobility users like in GSM/UMTS networks

•The architectural changes are big compared to UMTS

• LTE shall be ready for commercial launch around 2010.


What are the LTE challenges?

• Best price, transparent flat rate

• Full Internet

• Click-bang responsiveness

• reduce cost per bit

• provide high data rate

• provide low latency

The Users’ expectation… ..leads to the operator’s challenges

Price per Mbyte has to be reduced to remain profitable

User experience will have an impact on ARPU

LTE: lower cost per bit and improved end user experience

UMTS HSPA I-HSPA LTE

Cost per MByte

HSPA LTE HSPA LTE

Throughput Latency

Fact

or 1

0

Factor 2-3


Reduction of network cost is necessary to remain profitable

Source: Light Reading (adapted)

Traffic

Revenue

Revenues and Traffic decoupled

Tra

ffic

vo

lum

e

€/b

it

Time

Profitability

Networkcost

Voice dominated

Data dominated


Module Contents

• Why LTE?








• LTE Summary


LTE = Long Term Evolution

• Peak data rates of 173 Mbps/58 Mbps

• Low latency 10-20 msEnhanced consumer experience

• Scalable bandwidth of 1.4 – 20 MHz

Easy to introduce on any frequency band

• OFDM technology

• Flat, scalable IP based architecture

Decreased cost / GB

• Next step for GSM/WCDMA/HSPA and CDMA

A true global roaming technology


Schedule for 3GPP releases

• Next step for GSM/WCDMA/HSPA and cdma2000

A true global roaming technology

year

UMTS Rel 99/4UMTS Rel 99/4 UMTS Rel 5UMTS Rel 5 UMTS Rel 6UMTS Rel 6 UMTS Rel 7UMTS Rel 7

2007200520032000 2008

IMSHSDPA

MBMSWLAN IWHSUPA

IMS EvolutionLTE Studies

Specification:

2009

• LTE have been developed by the same standardization organization. The target has been simple multimode implementation and backwards compatibility.

• HSPA and LTE have in common:

– Sampling rate using the same clocking frequency

– Same kind of Turbo coding

• The harmonization of these parameters is important as sampling and Turbo decoding are typically done on hardware due to high processing requirements.

• WiMAX and LTE do not have such harmonization.

UMTS Rel 8UMTS Rel 8

LTE & EPC


Comparison of Throughput and Latency (1/2)

HSPA R6

Max. peak data rate

Mb

ps

Evolved HSPA (Rel. 7/8, 2x2 MIMO)

LTE 2x20 MHz (2x2 MIMO)

LTE 2x20 MHz (4x4 MIMO)

Downlink

Uplink

350

300

250

200

150

100

50

0HSPAevo

(Rel8)

LTE

* Server near RAN

Latency (Rountrip delay)*

DSL (~20-50 ms, depending on operator)

0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180 200

GSM/EDGE

HSPARel6

min max

ms

Enhanced consumer experience:- drives subscriber uptake

- allow for new applications

- provide additional revenue streams

• Peak data rates of 173 Mbps/58 Mbps

• Low latency 10-20 ms


Comparison of Throughput and Latency (2/2)

Enhanced consumer experience:- drives subscriber uptake

- allow for new applications

- provide additional revenue streams

• Control plane latency <100 ms

IDLE(no resources)

ACTIVE

< 100 ms

No resourceResourceAllocated

< 50 ms


Scalable bandwidth

• Scalable bandwidth of 1.4 – 20 MHz

Easy to introduce on any frequency band: Frequency Refarming(Cost efficient deployment on lower frequency bands supported)

Scalable Bandwidth

Urban

2006 2008 2010 2012 2014 2016 2018 2020

Rural

2006 2008 2010 2012 2014 2016 2018 2020

or

2.6 GHz

2.1 GHz

2.6 GHz

2.1 GHz

LTE

UMTS

UMTS

LTE

900 MHz

900 MHz GSM

or

GSM UMTS

LTE

LTE

LTE


0.0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1.0

1.2

1.4

1.6

1.8

2.0

HSPA R6 HSPA R6 +UE

equalizer

HSPA R7 WiMAX LTE R8

bp

s/H

z/c

ell

DownlinkUplink

Increased Spectral Efficiency

• All cases assume 2-antenna terminal reception

• HSPA R7, WiMAX and LTE assume 2-antenna BTS transmission (2x2 MIMO)

ITU contribution from WiMAX Forum shows downlink 1.3 and uplink 0.8 bps/Hz/cell

Reference:

- HSPA R6 and LTE R8 from 3GPP R1-071960

- HSPA R6 equalizer from 3GPP R1-063335

- HSPA R7 and WiMAX from NSN/Nokia simulations

• OFDMA technology increases Spectral efficiency

LTE efficiency is 3 x HSPA R6 in downlinkHSPA R7 and WiMAX have Similar Spectral Efficiency


Reduced Network Complexity

• Flat, scalable IP based architecture

Flat Architecture: 2 nodes architectureIP based Interfaces

Access Core Control

Evolved Node B GateWay

IMS HLR/HSS

Flat, IP based architecture

Internet

MME


LTE/SAE Requirements Summary

1.- Simplify the RAN:- Reduce the number of different types of RAN nodes, and their

complexity.- Minimize the number of RAN interface types.

2.- Increase throughput.3.- Reduce latency (which is a prerequisite for CS replacement).4.- Improve spectrum efficiency.5.- Provide greater flexibility with regard to the frequency bands in which the system may be deployed (Frequency Refarming)6.- Migrate to a PS only domain in the core network.7.- Provide efficient support for a variety of different services. Traditional CS services will be supported via VoIP, etc.8.- Minimise the presence of single points of failure in the network above the evolved Node Bs (eNBs).9.- Support inter-working with existing 3G systems and non-3GPP specified systems in order to support handover to/from these systems. A more detailed list of the requirements and objectives for LTE can be found in TR25.913 from 3GPP..


Module Contents

• Why LTE?








• LTE Summary


data rates

< 1 Gbps

mobility

GSM/IS95

AMPS

WCDMA/cdma2000 HSPA LTE

802.11a/b/g802.11a/b/g

802.16a/d802.16a/d 802.16e802.16e

< 100 Mbps< 50 Mbps< 10 Mbps< 1 Mbps< 200 kbps

time

2010200520001990

HIGH

LOW

History and Future of Wireless

1G

2G3G 3G Enhacements 3G Evolution

802.11 802.11nWLAN Family

WiMAX Family


WiMAX and HSPA/LTE Technology Positioning

Licenced FDD band

Licenced FDD band

Licenced TDD band

Licenced TDD band

HSPA/LTEHSPA/LTE

WiMAXWiMAX

GSMWCDMALTE

Spectrum

Interworking

Terminals and services

• HSPA for paired FDD spectrum• LTE initially for paired FDD

spectrum• WiMAX initially for unpaired TDD

spectrum

• Tight interworking between 3GPP technologies (HSPA, LTE) including common network management and handovers

• Loose interworking between 3GPP and WiMAX

• LTE terminals include GSM/HSPA for full coverage• WiMAX/LTE initially in USB modems and embedded

in laptops while GSM/HSPA supports also CS voice• HSPA/LTE/WiMAX for broadband IP services


Different Mobile Technologies Capability Limits

Theoretical peak bit rate in ideal case DL/UL 80 / 16 Mbps

WiMAX TDD 20 MHz

42 / 11 Mbps

HSPA R7 (HSPA+)

Latency (round trip) 30 ms30 ms

Spectral efficiency data DL/UL [bps/Hz/cell] 1.5 / 0.61.4 / 0.6

160 / 50 Mbps

LTE R8 FDD 2x20 MHz

10 ms

2.1 / 0.9

14 / 5 Mbps

WCDMA HSPA R6

50 ms

0.7 / 0.4

Max path loss 1 Mbps / 64 kbps 153 dB162 dB 162 dB162 dB

Spectrum 2300, 2500, 3500IMT-2000 bands

Spectral efficiency voice [users/MHz/cell] 1830 45551823

Cell range in urban area (indoor – outdoor)

IMT-2000 bands IMT-2000 bands

54 Mbps 260Mbps

WLAN 802.11g/n

<5 ms

<0.51.0

110 dB

12

2400, 5400

30100 m2.87.4 km 0.61.5 km2.87.4 km 2.87.4 km

All radio standards show comparable performance under comparable conditions and similar feature set:

• Laws of physics apply to all of them (Shannon Theory)

• User rates mainly depend on bandwidth, modulation/coding and availability of MIMO (2x2 assumed)

• Spectrum Efficiency is determined by Frequency Reuse and Feature Set (e.g. FSPS, MIMO, …)

• Latency (e.g. PING Performance) depends on chosen Frame Duration or TTI

• Coverage depends on frequency band, RF power limitations and duplex mode


Module Contents

• Why LTE?








• LTE Summary


• End 2004 3GPP workshop on UTRAN Long Term Evolution• March 2005 Study item started• December 2005 Multiple Access selected• March 2006 Functionality split between radio and core• September 2006 Study item closed & approval of the work items• December 2007 1st version of all radio specs approved • March 2008 3GPP Release 8 Stage 1 specifications were frozen• December 2008 3GPP Release 8 to be frozen

3GPP LTE specification work completed so farF

EA

SIB

ILIT

Y S

TU

DY

Japan

2H/20072H/2005 1H/2006 2H/2006 1H/2007

Multiple Access Decision

RAN/CN functional split

Feasibility study closed

Radio specifications

approved


• 2009 2100 and 1700 MHz frequency bands selected

• 2010 Additional frequency bands added (700 & 2600 MHz). InterRAT Mobility. LTE capable devices.

• 2011 Network Sharing. Self-optimized networks. Part of 3GPP Release 9.

3GPP LTE specification schedule

Japan

2008 2009 2010 2011 & beyond

Demonstrate LTE Air Interface

Performance

Operator Trials. Friendly-use

networks

LTE Networks Launch:

commercial solution available

Large Scale LTE Networks.

VoIP service optimized.

3GPP R9


Module Contents

• Why LTE?








• LTE Summary


NSN Network Architecture Evolution (1/4)

Node B RNC SGSN GGSN

Internet

3GPP Rel 6 / HSPA

User plane

Control Plane

• Original 3G architecture.

• 2 nodes in the RAN.

• 2 nodes in the PS Core Network.

• Every Node introduces additional delay.

• Common path for User plane and Control plane data.

• Air interface based on WCDMA.

• RAN interfaces based on ATM.

• Option for Iu-PS interface to be based on IP.



Direct tunnel

3GPP Rel 7 / HSPA

Internet

Node B RNC

SGSNGGSN

User plane

Control Plane

• Separated path for Control Plane and User Plane data in the PS Core Network.

• Direct GTP tunnel from the GGSN to the RNC for User plane data: simplifies the Core Network and reduces Signalling.

• First step towards a flat network Architecture.

• 30% core network OPEX and CAPEX savings with Direct Tunnel.

• The SGSN still controls traffic plane handling, performs session and mobility management, and manages paging.

• Still 2 nodes in the RAN.



Direct tunnel

3GPP Rel 7 / Internet HSPA

Internet

Node B

SGSNGGSN

Node B

(RNC Funct.) User plane

Control Plane

• I-HSPA introduces the first true flat architecture to WCDMA.

• Standardized in 3GPP Release 7 as Direct Tunnel with collapsed RNC.

• Most part of the RNC functionalities are moved to the Node B.

• Direct Tunnels runs now from the GGSN to the Node B.

• Solution for cost-efficient broadband wireless access.

• Improves the delay performance (less node in RAN).

• Deployable with existing NSN WCDMA base stations.

• Transmission savings



Direct tunnel

3GPP Rel 8 / LTE

Internet

Evolved Node B

MME

SAE GW

• LTE takes the same Flat architecture from Internet HSPA.

• Air interface based on OFDMA.

• All-IP network.

• New spectrum allocation (i.e 2600 MHz band)

• Possibility to reuse spectrum (i.e. 900 MHZ)

User plane

Control Plane


NSN Network Architecture Evolution - Summary

Node B RNC SGSN GGSN

Internet

3GPP Rel 6 / HSPA

Direct tunnel

3GPP Rel 7 / HSPA

Internet

Node B RNC

SGSNGGSN

Direct tunnel

3GPP Rel 7 / Internet HSPA

Internet

Node B

SGSNGGSN

Node B

(RNC Funct.)

Direct tunnel

3GPP Rel 8 / LTE

Internet

Evolved Node B

MME

SAE GW


Module Contents

• Why LTE?








• LTE Summary


LTE/SAE Key Features

EPS ( Evolved Packet System ) /SAE ( System Architecture Evolution ) /

LTE ( Long Term Evolution )

EPC ( Evolved Packet Core )EPC ( Evolved Packet Core )EUTRAN( Evolved UTRAN )

EUTRAN( Evolved UTRAN )

IP NetworkIP Network



OFDMA/SC-FDMA

MIMO ( beam-forming/spatial multiplexing)

HARQ

Scalable bandwidth(1.4, 3, 5, 10, .. 20 MHz)

Evolved Node B / No RNC

UL/DL resourcescheduling

IP Transport Layer

QoS Aware

Self Configuration

PS Domain only, No CS Domain

IP Transport Layer

QoS Aware

3GPP (GTP) or IETF (MIPv6)

Prepared for Non-3GPP Access


LTE/SAE Key Features – EUTRAN 1/2

Evolved NodeB•No RNC is provided anymore•The evolved Node Bs take over all radio management functionality.•This will make radio management faster and hopefully the network architecture simpler

IP transport layer•EUTRAN exclusively uses IP as transport layer

UL/DL resource scheduling•In UMTS physical resources are either shared or dedicated•Evolved Node B handles all physical resource via a scheduler and assigns them dynamically to users and channels•This provides greater flexibility than the older system


LTE/SAE Key Features – EUTRAN 2/2

QoS awareness

•The scheduler must handle and distinguish different quality of service classes

•Otherwise real time services would not be possible via EUTRAN

•The system provides the possibility for differentiated service

Self configuration

•Currently under investigation

•Possibility to let Evolved Node Bs configure themselves

•It will not completely substitute the manual configuration and optimization.


LTE/SAE Key Features – EPC (Evolved Packet Core)

Packet Switched Domain only•No circuit switched domain is provided•If CS applications are required, they must be implemented via IP•Only one mobility management for the UE in LTE.

3GPP (GTP) or IETF (MIPv6) option•The EPC can be based either on 3GPP GTP protocols (similar to PS domain in UMTS/GPRS) or on IETF Mobile IPv6 (MIPv6)

Non-3GPP access•The EPC will be prepared also to be used by non-3GPP access networks (e.g. LAN, WLAN, WiMAX, etc.)•This will provide true convergence of different packet radio access system


Module Contents

• Why LTE?








• LTE Summary


TDMA

f

t

f

• Time Division

FDMA

f

f

t

• Frequency Division

CDMA

f

tcode

s

f

• Code Division

OFDMA

f

f

t

• Frequency Division

• Orthogonal subcarriers

Multiple Access Methods User 1 User 2 User 3 User ..

OFDM is the state-of-the-art and most efficient and robust air interface


LTE/SAE Air Interface 1/3

OFDMA •Downlink multiplexing•Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiple Acces•Receiver complexity is at a reasonable level •it supports various modulation schemes from BPSK, QPSK, 16QAM to 64 QAM.

SC-FDMA•Uplink multiplexing•Single Carrier Frequency Division Multiple Access, a variant of OFDMA•The advantage against OFDMA to have a lower PAPR (Peak-to-Average Power Ratio) meaning less power consumption and less expensive RF amplifiers in the terminal.

64QAMModulation



MIMO •Multiple Input Multiple Output •LTE will support MIMO as an option, •It describes the possibility to have multiple transmitter and receiver antennas in a system. •Up to four antennas can be used by a single LTE cell (gain: spatial multiplexing) •MIMO is considered to be the core technology to increase spectral efficiency.

HARQ •Hybrid Automatic Retransmission on reQuest•HARQ has already been used for HSDPA and HSUPA. •HARQ especially increases the performance (delay and throughput) for cell edge users.• HARQ simply implements a retransmission protocol on layer 1/layer 2 that allows to send retransmitted blocks with different coding than the first one.

TX RX

Tx RxMIMO

Channel

HARQ Hybrid Automatic Repeat Request



Scalable bandwidth

• LTE air interface allows to drive cells with 1.4 MHz, 3 MHz, 5 MHz, 10MHz & 20 MHz.

•This gives the required flexibility for operators to use spectrum allocations not available to a non-scalable wide-band or ultra-wide-band system.

DL: OFDMA

UL: SC-FDMA

scalable


DOWNLINK

UPLINKUPLINK

HSUPA (Rel6) Target SAE/LTE

Peak Bit Rate (Mbps)

5.67 > 50 57

Spectral Efficiency

(bps/Hz/cell)

0.26 2..3 times HSUPA

0.67

SC-FDMA (Single Carrier Frequency Division Multiple Access)

SC-FDMA is technically close to OFDMA, but is more power efficient

OFDMA (Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiple Access)

HSDPA (Rel6) Target SAE/LTE

Peak Bit Rate (Mbps)

14.4 > 100 144

Spectral Efficiency

(bps/Hz/cell)

0.75 3..4 times HSDPA

1.84

Requirements for LTE Air Interface


Module Contents

• Why LTE?








• LTE Summary


Standardisation around LTE

Next Generation Mobile Networks. Is a group of mobile operators, to provide a coherent vision for technology evolution beyond 3G for the competitive delivery of broadband wireless services.More in www.ngmn.org

Is a collaboration agreement that was established in December 1998. The collaboration agreement brings together a number of telecommunications standards bodies :ARIB, CCSA, ETSI, ATIS, TTA, and TTC.More in www.3gpp.org

LTE/SAE Trial Initiative. Is was founded in may 2007 by a group of leading telecommunications companies.Its aim is to prove the potential and benefits that the LTE technology can offer.

LSTI


3GPP LTE/SAE SpecificationSeries

TS 36.101 User Equipment (UE) radio transmission and receptionTS 36.104 Base Station (BS) radio transmission and receptionTS 36.141 Base Station (BS) conformance testingTS 36.201 Physical layer; General descriptionTS 36.211 Physical channels and modulationTS 36.212 Multiplexing and channel codingTS 36.213 Physical layer proceduresTS 36.214 Physical layer; MeasurementsTS 36.300 EUTRAN Overall description; Stage 2TS 36.302 Services provided by the physical layerTS 36.304 User Equipment (UE) procedures in idle modeTS 36.306 User Equipment (UE) radio access capabilitiesTS 36.321 Medium Access Control (MAC) protocol specificationTS 36.322 Radio Link Control (RLC) protocol specificationTS 36.323 Packet Data Convergence Protocol (PDCP) specificationTS 36.331 Radio Resource Control (RRC) protocol specificationTS 36.401 Architecture descriptionTS 36.410 S1 general aspects and principlesTS 36.411 S1 layer 1TS 36.412 S1 signalling transportTS 36.413 S1 Application Protocol (S1 AP)TS 36.414 S1 data transportTS 36.420 X2 general aspects and principlesTS 36.421 X2 layer 1TS 36.422 X2 signalling transportTS 36.423 X2 Application Protocol (X2AP)TS 36.424 X2 data transportTS 36.508 Common test environments for User Equipment (UE) conformance testingTS 36.521-1 User Equipment (UE) conformance specification Radio transmission and reception Part 1: conformance testingTS 36.521-2 User Equipment (UE) conformance specification Radio transmission and reception Part 2: ICSTS 36.523-1 User Equipment (UE) conformance specification; Part 1: Protocol conformance specificationTS 36.523-2 User Equipment (UE) conformance specification; Part 2: ICSTS 36.523-3 User Equipment (UE) conformance specification; Part 3: ATSTR 36.801 Measurement RequirementsTR 36.803 User Equipment (UE) radio transmission and receptionTR 36.804 Base Station (BS) radio transmission and receptionTR 36.938 Improved network controlled mobility between LTE and 3GPP2/mobile WiMAX radio technologiesTR 36.942 Evolved Universal Terrestrial Radio Access (E-UTRA); Radio Frequency (RF) system scenarios

TR 29.803 3GPP System Architecture Evolution (SAE): CT WG4 aspects .TR 29.804 3GPP System Architecture Evolution (SAE): CT WG3 aspects

TS 23.401 General Packet Radio Service (GPRS) enhancements for Long Term Evolution (LTE) access .TS 23.402 3GPP System Architecture Evolution (SAE): Architecture enhancements for non-3GPP accessesTR 23.882 3GPP system architecture evolution (SAE): Report on technical options and conclusions

Network Architecture

Evolved Packet Core

Evolved UTRAN


NGMN Consortium


LSTI (LTE-SAE Trial Initiative)- joint test bed for LTE worldwide

…….. active parties within LSTI

LSTI initiatives goals/objectives

• demonstrate feasibility and capabilities of 3GPP LTE-SAE technology under real world conditions. Indoor & outdoor tests

• accelerate development of 3GPP specification by identifying shortcomings out of test phases

• reduce risk of market introduction of new LTE-SAE technology

Friendly customer trials

PR

2007 2008 2009 2010

Public Relation work

InteroperabilityIODT

IOT

Trials

Test of basic functions

Proof of Concept

Schedule & Program Office:

Test of OFDM Air Interface


Module Contents

• Why LTE?








• LTE Summary


Access Core Control

LTE BTS (eNodeB)

MME/GW IMS HLR/

HSS

Flat Overall Architecture • 2-node architecture

• All-IP

Improved Radio Principles• peak data rates [Mbps ]: 173 DL , 58 UL

• Scalable BW: 1.4, 3, 5, 10, 15, 20 MHz

• Short latency: 10 – 20 ms

New Core Architecture• Simplified Protocol Stack

• Simple, more efficient QoS

Overview of LTE/SAE design benefits

RAN GWMME

eUtran

RF Modulation:• OFDMA in DL

• SC-FDMA in UL


Appendix


The right solution for each segment

For operators with 3G spectrum

Broad terminal eco system

High data security and QoS

Quick and cost-effective upgrade of existing networks

Seamless 2G/3G handover –global coverage, global roaming

Proven technology

Mainstream; 3G evolution – leverage large installed 3G base

Utilizes 2G and 3G spectrum – efficient re-farming with flexible bandwidth

Broad terminal eco system expected

Highest capacity, lowest latency

Very flat and IP based architecture

High speed data rates with full mobility

Broadband multimediawith full mobility

High speed data with limited mobility

W-CDMA/HSPA WiMAX LTEFixed or mobile network operators with WiMAX

spectrum

Device eco system started to evolve

Optimized wireless-DSL services

High capacity and low latency

Flat and IP based architecture

Short term availability

Compatibilitywith existing

standards

Economy of scale

Spectrum availability and cost impact

Variety ofterminals

Voiceperformance

IPRregime

Lean architecture

Broadband dataperformance

Compatibilitywith existing

standards

Economy of scale


Variety ofterminals

Voiceperformance

IPRregime

Lean architecture


Economy of scale


Variety ofterminals

Voiceperformance

IPRregime

Lean architecture


Economy of scaleSpectrum availability

and cost impact

Variety ofterminals

Voiceperformance

IPR regime

Compatibility with existing

standards

Lean architecture


Economy of scaleSpectrum availability

and cost impact

Variety ofterminals

Voiceperformance

IPR regime


standards

Lean architecture



standards

Economy of scale


Variety ofterminals

Voiceperformance

IPR regime

Leanarchitecture



standards

Economy of scale


Variety ofterminals

Voiceperformance

IPR regime

Leanarchitecture



standards

Economy of scale


Variety ofterminals

Voiceperformance

IPR regime

Leanarchitecture


01 - LTE-SAE Overview v1.0

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