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Nationalism in the Novels

Noli Me Tangere and El Filibusterismo

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OBJECTIVES

o Analyze the literary features of Noli

Me Tangere and El Filibusterismo

o Discover real life characters andsetting Rizal patterned the novels

o Recover the historical backgroundof the two novels

o Discuss and explain how the friars

and government respond to the twonovels

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INTRODUCTION

Rizals biggest

contribution to thePropagandaMovement was theprinting of Noli MeTangere and El

Filibusterismo.

The two works areconsidered the

gospels ofPhilippinenationalism.

Noli MeTangere

Berlin,Germany

(1886)

Crisostomo

Ibarra andMariaClara

ElFilibusterismo

Ghent,Belgium

(1891)

Simounand his

revenge

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NOLI ME TANGERE

The Social Cancer

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I have laughedabout our misfortunesbecause nobody wants toweep with me

- Jose P. Rizal

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How did Rizal formulate the idea of writing Noli Me Tangere?

Rizal presented a

proposal on writing anovel about thePhilippines to the Circulo-Hispano Filipino

Jaena and other

propagandists agreed towrite a book pertaining tothe events, heritage, andlives of the FilipinosPedro Paterno publishedhis novel Ninay; with thesubtitle CostumbresFilipinas

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The Writing of Noli Me Tangere

Rizal started writingthe novel in 1884The first half wascompleted in Madrid,one-fourth in Paris,France and theremaining part inBerlin, GermanyThe title, Noli MeTangere, in English isTouch Me Not

(German Title: Rhremich nicht an orBerhre mich nicht

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Influences on Rizal as a writer

Costumbrismo is a Spanishliterary movement which shows

local customs and traditions.

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JOSE RIZAL

Novels / Poetry /essay

political

atmosphere

European

literature

European

philosophy

Influences on Rizal as a writer

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JOHN LOCKE FRIEDRICHWILHELM

JOSEPH VONSCHELLING

BENITO PREZGALDS

Influences on Rizal as a writer

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VICTOR HUGO FRIEDRICHSCHILLER

FRANCOIS-MARIE AROUETDE VOLTAIRE

Influences on Rizal as a writer

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Ideas on Noli me Tangere

JuanLunas

Spolarium

Harriet

Beecher

StowesUncleTomsCabin

Eugene

Sues

TheWandering

Jew

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Uncle TomsCabin

Bestseller in Europe

Political message:Christian unity for thefreedom of Negroes

Slaves

Influenced destruction ofslavery in America

Noli MeTangere

Like Stowes adheres toeducation as solution to

slavery

Ibarras mission:education for new

generation

Helped destroy Spanishcolonialism in the

Philippines

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Titles of the two novels

The title NoliMe Tangere, inEnglish Touch

Me Not(German Title:

Rhre mich

nicht anorBerhre michnicht)

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o The title based on biblical story,

Jesus and Mary MagdaleneJohn 20:17

"Then Jesus speaks to her: Touch

me not, for I have not yetascended to My Father. But go toMy brothers and tell them: I am

going to My Father, to My Godand your God."

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Titles of the two novels

the word originated from

French word, filibustier a sea robber, especiallyone of the piraticaladventurers, English andFrench, who preyed on

Spanish ships in America

in the 17th and 18th century

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Noli me Tangere: Rizals Purpose

Expose the ills ofPhilippine society

Make the Filipinosknown around theworld

Obtain freedom andprogress through thenovel

The author relates

this to a socialcancer of a breedso malignant thatthe least contact

exacerbates it andstirs in it the

sharpest of pains

in his dedication:To My Motherland

(A mi patria).

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I wanted to awaken mycountrymen form their profoundlethargy, and whoever wants toawaken does not do so with softand light sounds but withexplosions, blows, etc.

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THEME, PLOT AND CHARACTERS OF NOLI AND FILI

o Noli Me Tangere revolves around the love

between Mara Clara and the mainprotagonist in the novel, Simoun Ibarra.

o Crisostomo Ibarra is an educated man fromEurope who discovers the backwardness of

his country.

o Noli Me Tangere has similar plot with GaldsSpanish novel, Doa Perfecta.

o El Filibusterismo is the return of Crisostomo inthe person of Simoun Ibarra who wants toavenge the maligning of his father and torescue his sweetheart, Maria Clara.

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The cover ofbook, Noli MeTangere, hashiddenmessages andmeaning.

i i i

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Impoverished

circumstance;Paciano was in

exile, Leonormarried a British

man

Rizals Thoughts El Filibusterismo

El Fili: Darker than Noli

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THEME, PLOT AND CHARACTERS OF NOLI AND FILI

o Crisostomo Ibarra and

Simoun Ibarrao Elias

o Tasio

o Maria Clara

o Father DamasoVardolagas

o Capitan Santiago delos Santos

o Doa VictorinaEspadaa

o Basilio

o Crispin

o Father Florentinoo Juli

o Cabesang Tales

o Sisa

o Father Bernardo Salvi

o Father Hernando de laSybila

o Isaganio Makaraig

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THEME, PLOT AND CHARACTERS OF NOLI AND FILI

Rizal uses Sisa and Maria

Clara as symbol of thePhilippines.

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It seems that everybody hasconspired to embitter my life.

They have impeded my return,promising to send me a monthlypension, and after having sent

me one months pension theyforget about me.

Rizal and El Filibusterismo

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Movements for and against the novels

o Positive comments on Noli from

Europe: Adolph Meyer, FeodorJagor and Ferdinand Blumentritt.

o Felix Hidalgo admired the courage

of Rizal while Plaridel called hiswork excellent and abovestandard.

o Family, friends and especially themasses were enthusiastic aboutthe novel.

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Noli me Tangere: Rizal against his Alma Mater

o The printing and arrival of Noli in the

Philippines forced a confrontationbetween Rizal and UST.

o UST Rector, Fr. Gregorio Echevarriaappointed a committee to review and

examine the novel.o August 30, 1887, the verdict was handed

down: Heretical, impious and

scandalous

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Movements for and against the novels

o Instead of Noli Me Tangere, the novel wascalled Noli Me Legere

o Permanent Commission on Censorship ofthe Philippines ( Comisin Permanente de

Censura) through Fr. Salvador Font foundthe novel libelous, defamatory, full offalsehood and calumny.

..According to the author, Spain has brought here nothinggood, or so dearly it has cost the Islands the few rudiments

of civilization that they have received that degradation and

death would be a thousand times preferable living under

the despotic government of Spain

ovemen s or an aga ns e

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ovemen s or an aga ns enovels

The friars were furious with Jose Rizal and hisnovels.

The church banned the books importation, so

some would smuggle the book to the country.

And the friars warned readers that reading Noli

Me Tangere means imposed punishment such

as excommunication, banishment and

castration.Friar Jose Rodrguez issued a pamphlet entitled

Caiingat Cayo warning people of the evils ofNoli Me Tangere

S

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Summary

o Both novels are jeremiads, and consideredthesis-novels.

o Both Fili and Noli projects the fears of theillustrado class: lost of Philippines as colony ofSpain

o The novels retained the costumbrist interest incustom and manners.o European philosophy and literature influenced

Rizals thoughts on the novels.

o The novels infuse Filipino literature with Spanishliberalism; and Jose Rizal created a forum ofthinking aloud his political ideas.

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NOLI AND FILI: REAL LIFESETTING AND CHARACTERS

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Rizals novels alluded to real life characters and setting

Examples areTelesforo Chuidian

who was said tobe the inspirationfor Kapitan Tiago

Calle Anloaguewas a real street

PanciteriaMacanista de

BuenGusto was a real

restaurant

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Carlos Palanca Tan Quien-sien

As the Chinaman Quiroga?

Some have speculatedthat Jose Rizal modeledQuiroga, Chinese from ElFilibusterismo, after Don

Carlos Palanca. JoseAlejandrino, a friend ofRizal, confirmed that it

was indeed the case.Alejandrino further

claimed that Don CarlosPalanca approached

Aguinaldo when he was

forming his revolutionarygovernment about thepossibility of creating an

opium monopoly.

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Panciteria Macanista de Buen Gusto on San Fernando Street, Binondo

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The Spanish troops were actually Filipino soldiers in the Spanish army

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REAL LIFE CHARACTERS AND SETTING

Chapter 14 of ElFilibusterismo

depiectedstudents in a

boarding house.The boarding

house has noname; but with

great probabilitythat the scenes

and events in ElFilibusterismo wereRizals moments inCasa Tomasina.

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REAL LIFE CHARACTERS AND SETTING

Fr. FranciscoGainza could be

one of theprototypes of Fr.

Sibyla.

Fr. Francisco

Gainza opposedthe idea of

teaching Spanishin all elementary

schools in thePhilippines in 1861.

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REAL LIFE CHARACTERS AND SETTING

Academia deCastellano is a trueevent as stated by

Don Felipe Calderonin his letter to Miguel

Unamuno.

Felipe Calderon andthe students of

1887-1888 initiatedthe idea of the

establishment ofSpanish Academy.

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REAL LIFE CHARACTERS AND SETTING

Don BenignoQuiroga Ballesteros

seems to be thehigh official that left

teh Philippines overdisgust and clash

with the newGovernor-General.

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REAL LIFE CHARACTERS AND SETTING: FRIARS

Father Milln has

been connected tothe real life Fr. G.B.De la R because heis Rizals professor

in Ampliacion deFisica.

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REAL LIFE CHARACTERS AND SETTING: FRIARS

Father Sibylas

character,accordingly, may bebased on personaltraits of prominent

Dominicans inRizals time: Fr.

Jose HeviaCampomanes and

Fr. BernardinoNozaleda.

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REAL LIFE CHARACTERS AND SETTING: FRIARS

Father Fernandez,exceptionally

humble and goodamong the friars,

probably was FatherEvaristo FernandezArias, a Dominican

poet, friend and

professor of Rizal.

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REAL LIFE CHARACTERS AND SETTING: STATUE OF THE FOUNDER

Juanito, Now I remember! You know, I have been put in

charge of collecting the contributing.

What contributions?

For the monument.

What monument?

Why, Father Baltazars! Didnt you know?

And who is Father Baltazar?

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REAL LIFE CHARACTERS AND SETTING: STATUE OF THE FOUNDER

HISTORICALBACKGROUND OF THE

STATUE

From the Cronicaof theDominicans, the Rector,

Fr. Joaquin Fonsecaconceived the idea of

erecting the monument ofFr. Benavidez in a public

place.

But Rizal never saw thefulfillment of the project.

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o According to Fr. Villaroel,

Was there perhaps in Rizals lifesome Basilio or Basilia, relative,student, or friend, whom hewanted to immortalize by usingtheir names in the novels?Besides Basilio the student andBasilio the captain, I suspect

that two other personal namesare anagrammatically of Basilio,namely Salvi ( Vasil, Basil) andSibyla (Basily).

SUMMARY

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SUMMARYo Noli and Fili are novels rooted from

historical situations and experiences ofthe author.

o University of Santo Tomas is prominent inthe background of the two novels.

o His main thesis: discredit the colonialgovernment and religious institution.

o Did he regret studying in UST because heshowed it in his two novels? The answer is

no. Through his favorable intention ofdepicting good and bad friars he wasable to balance revenge and gratitude.