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POLYESTER History
Forms
Manufacturing Process
Properties
Future
Uses
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DEFINITION
Polyester(aka Terylene) is a category ofpolymers
which contain the esterfunctional group in their
main chain.
Polyester is currently defined as:
Long chain polymers chemically composed ofat least 85% by weight of an ester and adihydric alcohol and terephthalic acid. Thename polyester refers to the linkage ofseveral monomers (esters) within the fiber.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Terylenehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polymerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Esterhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Functional_grouphttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Functional_grouphttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Esterhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polymerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Terylene7/29/2019 Polyester Fiber
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HISTORY
In 1926, United States-based E.I. du Pont de Nemours and Co. beganresearch into very large molecules and synthetic fibers
W.H. Carothers, centered on what became nylon, the first synthetic fiber.
1939-41, British research chemists took interest in the du Pontstudies and conducted their own research in the laboratories of Calico
Printers Association, Ltd. This work resulted in the creation of thepolyester fiber known in England as Terylene.
In 1946, du Pont purchased the right to produce this polyester fiber inthe United States.
The company conducted some further developmental work, and in
1951, began to market the fiber under the name Dacron
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RAW MATERIALS
Coal
Air
Water
Petroleum
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FORMS OFPOLYESTER
1. Filament
2. Staple
3. Tow4. Fiberfill
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USES OF DIFFERENT FORM IN DIFFERENT
PLACES
1. In the filament form, each individual strand of polyester
fiber is continuous in length, producing smooth-surfaced
fabrics
2. In staple form, filaments are cut to short, predetermined
lengths. In this form polyester is easier to blend with otherfibers
3. Tow is a form in which continuous filaments are drawn
loosely together
4. Fiberfill is the voluminous form used in the manufacture of
quilts, pillows, and outerwear
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Microscopic View
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DIFFERENT STRUCTURES OF POLYESTER
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STRUCTURE AND APPERANCE
COLOURLESS AND TRANSPARENT
SMOOTH AND LUSTURUOS
SHAPE AS WE REQIURE
SHINY GLASSROD LIKE
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POLYESTER FIBER CHARACTERISTICS
Strong
Resistant to stretching and shrinking
Resistant to most chemicals
Quick drying
Crisp and resilient when wet or dry
Wrinkle resistant
Mildew resistant
Abrasion resistant
Retains heat-set pleats and crease
Easily washed
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POLYESTER BLENDS
Polyester and Cotton1. Resist wrinkles
2. Resist stains
3. Retain shape
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POLYESTER BLENDS
Polyester and Wool1. Wrinkle resistance
2. Shape retention
3. Increase durability
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POLYESTER BLENDS
Polyester and Rayon1. More durable
2. Shape retention
3. More resilience
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MANUFACTURING FILAMENT YARN
Polymerizat ion
Drying
Melt spinning
Draw ing the fiber Winding
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MELTSPINNING
Polymer chips are melted at 500-518F (260-270C) to
form a syrup-like solution. The solution is put in a metal
container called a spinneret and forced through its tiny
holes, which are usually round, but may be pentagonal or
any other shape to produce special fibers. The number of
holes in the spinneret determines the size of the yarn, asthe emerging fibers are brought together to form a single
strand.
At the spinning stage, other chemicals may be added to
the solution to make the resulting material flame
retardant, antistatic, or easier to dye.
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Draw ing the f iber When polyester emerges from the spinneret, it is soft and
easily elongated up to five times its original length. Thisincreases the strength, tenacity, and resilience of the fiber.
This time, when the filaments dry, the fibers become solid
and strong instead of brittle.
Drawn fibers may vary greatly in diameter and length, Also,
as the fibers are drawn, they may be textured or twisted to
create softer or duller fabrics.
Winding After the polyester yarn is drawn, it is wound on large
bobbins or flat-wound packages, ready to be woven intomaterial.
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PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
Specific weight 1.22-1.38 gm/cm
Tenacity up to 85 cN/tex
Moisture regain 0.2-0.5 %
Heat Resist 150-200 C Sunlight better resistance
Insects no effect
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CHEMICALPROPERTIES
Acids: At room temperature, PET is resistant to organic and moderate
strength mineral acids. At high temperatures, PET strength loss in
moderate strength acids can be appreciable. Strong acids such as
concentrated sulfuric acid dissolve and depolymerize PET.
Alkalies: Polyester fibers have good resistance to weakly alkaline
chemicals and moderate resistance to stronglyalkaline chemicals at room
temperature. PET fibers are attacked by strongly alkaline substances.
Organic Solvents: PET fibers are generally insoluble in organic
solvents, including cleaning fluids.
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DEMAND FOR POLYESTER
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FUTURE
Biodegradable and biocompatible poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyvalerate) (PHBV), a copolymer of microbialpolyester, was fabricated as a Nano fibrous mat by electrospinning
The researchers have developed a process in which
polyester is dramatically strengthened with a materialknown as a liquid crystalline polymer. The liquid crystallinepolymer used in the research is called Vectra , a plasticmaterial similar to Kevlar that is five times stronger thansteel. Polyester is used because its chemical structure is
ideal for making bonds with the liquid crystalline polymer
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SOME MAJOR POLYESTER FIBER USES
Apparel: Every form of clothing
Home Furnishings: Carpets, curtains, draperies,
sheets and pillow cases, wall coverings, and
upholstery
Other Uses: hoses, power belting, ropes and
nets, thread, tire cord, auto upholstery, sails,
floppy disk liners, and fiberfill for various products
including pillows and furniture
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