Polyester Fiber

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POLYESTER History

Forms

Manufacturing Process

Properties

Future

Uses


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DEFINITION

Polyester(aka Terylene) is a category ofpolymers

which contain the esterfunctional group in their

main chain.

Polyester is currently defined as:

Long chain polymers chemically composed ofat least 85% by weight of an ester and adihydric alcohol and terephthalic acid. Thename polyester refers to the linkage ofseveral monomers (esters) within the fiber.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Terylenehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polymerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Esterhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Functional_grouphttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Functional_grouphttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Esterhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polymerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Terylene


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HISTORY

In 1926, United States-based E.I. du Pont de Nemours and Co. beganresearch into very large molecules and synthetic fibers

W.H. Carothers, centered on what became nylon, the first synthetic fiber.

1939-41, British research chemists took interest in the du Pontstudies and conducted their own research in the laboratories of Calico

Printers Association, Ltd. This work resulted in the creation of thepolyester fiber known in England as Terylene.

In 1946, du Pont purchased the right to produce this polyester fiber inthe United States.

The company conducted some further developmental work, and in

1951, began to market the fiber under the name Dacron


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RAW MATERIALS

Coal

Air

Water

Petroleum


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FORMS OFPOLYESTER

1. Filament

2. Staple

3. Tow4. Fiberfill


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USES OF DIFFERENT FORM IN DIFFERENT

PLACES

1. In the filament form, each individual strand of polyester

fiber is continuous in length, producing smooth-surfaced

fabrics

2. In staple form, filaments are cut to short, predetermined

lengths. In this form polyester is easier to blend with otherfibers

3. Tow is a form in which continuous filaments are drawn

loosely together

4. Fiberfill is the voluminous form used in the manufacture of

quilts, pillows, and outerwear


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Microscopic View


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DIFFERENT STRUCTURES OF POLYESTER


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STRUCTURE AND APPERANCE

COLOURLESS AND TRANSPARENT

SMOOTH AND LUSTURUOS

SHAPE AS WE REQIURE

SHINY GLASSROD LIKE


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POLYESTER FIBER CHARACTERISTICS

Strong

Resistant to stretching and shrinking

Resistant to most chemicals

Quick drying

Crisp and resilient when wet or dry

Wrinkle resistant

Mildew resistant

Abrasion resistant

Retains heat-set pleats and crease

Easily washed


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POLYESTER BLENDS

Polyester and Cotton1. Resist wrinkles

2. Resist stains

3. Retain shape


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POLYESTER BLENDS

Polyester and Wool1. Wrinkle resistance

2. Shape retention

3. Increase durability


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POLYESTER BLENDS

Polyester and Rayon1. More durable

2. Shape retention

3. More resilience


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MANUFACTURING FILAMENT YARN

Polymerizat ion

Drying

Melt spinning

Draw ing the fiber Winding


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MELTSPINNING

Polymer chips are melted at 500-518F (260-270C) to

form a syrup-like solution. The solution is put in a metal

container called a spinneret and forced through its tiny

holes, which are usually round, but may be pentagonal or

any other shape to produce special fibers. The number of

holes in the spinneret determines the size of the yarn, asthe emerging fibers are brought together to form a single

strand.

At the spinning stage, other chemicals may be added to

the solution to make the resulting material flame

retardant, antistatic, or easier to dye.


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Draw ing the f iber When polyester emerges from the spinneret, it is soft and

easily elongated up to five times its original length. Thisincreases the strength, tenacity, and resilience of the fiber.

This time, when the filaments dry, the fibers become solid

and strong instead of brittle.

Drawn fibers may vary greatly in diameter and length, Also,

as the fibers are drawn, they may be textured or twisted to

create softer or duller fabrics.

Winding After the polyester yarn is drawn, it is wound on large

bobbins or flat-wound packages, ready to be woven intomaterial.


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PHYSICAL PROPERTIES

Specific weight 1.22-1.38 gm/cm

Tenacity up to 85 cN/tex

Moisture regain 0.2-0.5 %

Heat Resist 150-200 C Sunlight better resistance

Insects no effect


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CHEMICALPROPERTIES

Acids: At room temperature, PET is resistant to organic and moderate

strength mineral acids. At high temperatures, PET strength loss in

moderate strength acids can be appreciable. Strong acids such as

concentrated sulfuric acid dissolve and depolymerize PET.

Alkalies: Polyester fibers have good resistance to weakly alkaline

chemicals and moderate resistance to stronglyalkaline chemicals at room

temperature. PET fibers are attacked by strongly alkaline substances.

Organic Solvents: PET fibers are generally insoluble in organic

solvents, including cleaning fluids.


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DEMAND FOR POLYESTER


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FUTURE

Biodegradable and biocompatible poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyvalerate) (PHBV), a copolymer of microbialpolyester, was fabricated as a Nano fibrous mat by electrospinning

The researchers have developed a process in which

polyester is dramatically strengthened with a materialknown as a liquid crystalline polymer. The liquid crystallinepolymer used in the research is called Vectra , a plasticmaterial similar to Kevlar that is five times stronger thansteel. Polyester is used because its chemical structure is

ideal for making bonds with the liquid crystalline polymer


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SOME MAJOR POLYESTER FIBER USES

Apparel: Every form of clothing

Home Furnishings: Carpets, curtains, draperies,

sheets and pillow cases, wall coverings, and

upholstery

Other Uses: hoses, power belting, ropes and

nets, thread, tire cord, auto upholstery, sails,

floppy disk liners, and fiberfill for various products

including pillows and furniture

Polyester Fiber

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