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Marine sediment indicators in the Gulf of Gda• sk and Oslofjord
a comparison of climate change impacts on the ecosystem
Gra• yna Kowalewska, Hanna Mazur-Marzec, Gijs D. Breedveld, Tomasz Maciej Ciesielski, Anna Filipkowska, Malgosia Szymczak-Ż yła, Ludwik
Lubecki, Magdalena Laerec, Amy M.P. Oen
Institute of Oceanology of Polish Academy of Sciences University of Gda• sk
Norwegian Geotechnical Institute Norwegian University of Science and Technology
Eutrophication, increase in biomass and algal blooms are traditionally believed to be a result of anthropogenic nutrient release
However, there are some indications that algal blooms have occured in pre-anthropogenic times. Can algal blooms be an indication of climatic change? CLISED: Climate Change Impact on Ecosystem Health - Marine Sediment Indicators (2014-2017)
Phase I Assessment of recent sediments in the Gulf of Gda• sk and Oslofjord/Drammensfjord in terms of indicators of primary production, eutrophication and pollution
Selection of parameters suitable for deriving historical proxies of climate change in long sediment cores.
Oslofjord
Gulf of Gdansk
Drammensfjord
Inner Oslofjord
Characterisation of sediments
- phytoplankton pigments and degradation products
- 210Pb sediment dating
- stable isotopes • 13C, • 15N, organic carbon and black carbon
- trace elements
- polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons - PAHs
- nonylphenols - NPs
- organotin compounds - OTs
- biotoxins and toxin-producing phytoplankton organisms
- mutagenic, genotoxic and endocrine-disrupting activity
Chloropigments-a occurring in sediments are good quantitative and qualitative indicators of productivity and depositional conditions.
Example of chromatogram (HPLC - DAD, 660 nm)
EXPERIMENTAL
time [min]
Szymczak-Ż yła M., Kowalewska G., Louda J.W., 2011, Marine Chemistry, 125, 39-48.
Phytoplankton pigments
EXPERIMENTAL
GDAŃSK SOPOT
+ + 56 m 31 m
+
+
+
GDAŃSK
SOPOT
+ +
+
Chl-a [nmol/g d.w.] 0-1 cm layer
P1
M1
P104
P116
P110
BMPK10
1
2
+
+ 113 m
+
+
90 m
70 m
+ 56 m 31 m
+
++++++
++ +
++
++
+ +
+
OSLO
+ + +
DRAMMEN
E
D
C
A
B
F
Chl-a [nmol/g d.w.] 0-1 cm layer
250
200
150
100
50
0
nmol/g
GDAŃSK SOPOT
+ + 56 m 31 m
+
+ + + +
+
Chl-a [nmol/g d.w.]
Phytoplankton pigments, Gulf of Gdansk
1
2
+
+ 113 m
+ +
90 m
70 m + 56 m
31 m
+
++++++
++ +
++
++
+ + +
+ + +
Chl-a [nmol/g d.w.]
Phytoplankton pigments, Oslofjord
GDAŃSK SOPOT
+ + 56 m 31 m
+
+
+ + +
+
Sediment accumulation rate [cm/year]
0.16 ± 0.01
0.16 ± 0.01
0.14 ± 0.01
0.17 ± 0.02
no accumulation
no accumulation or 0.07 ± 0.01
1
2
+
+ 113 m
+
+
90 m
70 m
+ 56 m 31 m
+
++++++
++ +
++
++
+ +
+
+ + +
E
D
C
A
B
F
Sediment accumulation rate [cm/year]
0.18 ± 0.01
0.11 ± 0.01
max 0.27 ± 0.03
0.20 ± 0.02 0.06 ± 0.01 - 0.10 ± 0.01
0.05 ± 0.01
P1
M1
P116
P110
P104 BMPK10
Sedimentation rates based on 210Pb dating
GDAŃSK SOPOT
+ + 56 m 31 m
+
+ + + +
+
Organic carbon, Gulf of Gdansk
1
2
+
+ 113 m
+ +
90 m
70 m + 56 m
31 m
+
++++++
++ +
++
++
+ + +
+ + +
Organic carbon, Oslofjord
•13
C [
‰]
Stable carbon isotopes
Gulf of Gdansk Drammensfjord
Inner Oslofjord
marine*
terrestial**
•13
C [
‰]
* - Fontugne and Jouanneau, 1987 ** - Emerson and Hedges, 1988
Stable carbon isotopes
Gulf of Gdansk Drammensfjord
Inner Oslofjord
GDAŃSK SOPOT
+ + 56 m 31 m
+
+ + + +
+
Nonylphenols, Gulf of Gdansk
1
2
+
+ 113 m
+ +
90 m
70 m + 56 m
31 m
+
++++++
++ +
++
++
+ + +
+ + +
Nonylphenols, Oslofjord
Sediment toxicity
DR-CALUX 2,3,7,8-TCDD TEQ (PCDD/PCDF and dl-PCBs)
Station Results [ngTEQ/kg]
Station Results [ngTEQ/kg]
BMPK10 6.9 A 5.4
P104 2.8 B 3.6
P110 8.6 C 48.0
P116 21.0 D 17.0
M1 31.0 E 67.0
P1 15.0 F 29.0
Gulf of Gdansk Oslofjord
Summary In anthropogenic impacted sediments we find a clear relationship between, phytoplankton pigments, sedimentation rates and organic carbon accumulation as well as presence of cyanotoxins. Long cores (3-4 m) have been taken in Gulf of Gdansk and Oslofjord to try to derive historical proxies of climate change using these parameters.
Marine Bentic
Diatoms
Marine Planktic Anthropogenic
Summary diatom diagram for sediment core P116
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