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Frame RelayFrame RelayPart 2


Frame Relay OperationFrame Relay Operation

Hub-and-spoke Topology


Frame Relay OperationFrame Relay Operation


LMILMI

Provides Status Mechanism.

Tells you a VC is ACTIVE, INACTIVE, or DELETED


LMI and Inverse ARP (I-ARP)LMI and Inverse ARP (I-ARP)


FR and Split HorizonFR and Split Horizon• Frame Relay allows for multipoint

configurations.– More than two routers can belong to the

same IP subnet. This is problematic in hub-and-spoke topologies.

– Routing protocols have split horizon issues.• If a routing protocol (e.g. RIP) is following split

horizon rules, it cannot send updates out the same logical interface they were received on.


FR and Split HorizonFR and Split Horizon


FR and Split HorizonFR and Split Horizon

Using subinterfaces solve split horizon issues.


Frame Relay SubinterfacesFrame Relay Subinterfaces

• Two kinds of FR subinterfaces:– Point-to-point– Multipoint


Frame Relay SubinterfacesFrame Relay Subinterfaces