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OPTICAL FIBERS
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Agenda:
Introduction
Working
Types Applications
Advantages
Disadvantages References
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Introduction:
Optical fibers arelong, thin strands ofvery pure glass
usually 120 m indiameter. They arearranged in bundlescalled optical cables
and used to transmitlight signals over longdistances.
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Parts of Optical Fiber
Core thin glass center of the fiber wherelight travels.
Cladding outer optical materialsurrounding the core.
Buffer Coating plastic
coating that protectsthe fiber.
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Transmission of Light ThroughOptical Fibers
Total Internal Reflection
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Total Internal Reflection
The angle of the lightis always greater thanthe critical angle.
Cladding does notabsorb any light fromthe core.
The extent that the
signal degradesdepends upon thepurity of the glass andthe wavelength of thetransmitted light.
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Fiber Optics Systems has
Optical Receiver
Optical Regenerator
Optical Fiber
Transmitter
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Types of Optical Fibers
Optical fibers come in two types:
Single-mode fibers
Multi-mode fibers
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Single-mode fibers
Single-mode fibersare used to transmitone signal per fiber
(used in telephoneand cable TV). Theyhave small core (9microns in diameter)
and transmit infra-redlight from laser.
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Multi-mode fibers
Multi-mode fibers areused to transmitmany signals per fiber
(used in computernetworks). They havelarger cores (62.5microns in diameter)
and transmit infra-redlight from LED.
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Wavelength Division
Multiplexing Signals with different
wavelengths are
combined, transmittedtogether, and separatedagain.
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Time Division Multiplexing
Several optical signals are
combined, transmitted
together, and separated again
based on different arrival
times.
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Applications
Carry plain old telephone service (POTS)
For transmission of data
Transmitting broadband signals In the biomedical industry
Non-Communication Applications
(sensors etc)
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Advantages
Less Expensive
Thinner
High Carrying Capacity
Less Signal Degradation
Light Signals
Low Power
Digital signals
Light Weight
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Disadvantages
Fiber optics are that the cables areexpensive to install.
The termination of a fiber optic cable iscomplex and requires special tools.
They are more fragile than coaxial cable.
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References
1. http://www.authorstream.com/
2. http://www.howstuffworks.com/
3. http://www.wikipedia.com/
4. http://www.osun.com/
Thank you
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