3D Tissue Mimicking Biophantoms
for Ultrasound Imaging:
Bioprinting and Image Analysis
Shekoofeh Azizi, Sharareh Bayat, Ajay Rajaram, Emran M. A. Anas,
Tamer Mohamed, Konrad Walus, Purang Abolmaesumi, and Parvin Mousavi
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• 3D printed phantoms with wall-less vessels:
[Desjardins’16] 3D printed phantoms with wall-less vessels, Ultrasound in Medicine
Ultrasound Imaging: Experimental Material
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3D printed mold that corresponds MRI slices to the pathology ones.
• Ultrasound Tomosynthesis:
[Boctor’16] Ultrasound Tomosynthesis, MICCAI
Ultrasound Imaging: Experimental Material
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• Ablation Monitoring:
[Imani’15] Ablation monitoring, IEEE TBME
Ultrasound Imaging: Experimental Material
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• Breast seed implant:
[Fenster’17] 3D ultrasound for breast seed implantation, SPIE
Ultrasound Imaging: Experimental Material
3D-Printing of Phantoms
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3D printing of optical phantoms simulating heterogeneous biological tissue [Wang’14] Application: Optical calibration Based on 3D biological data
Use of 3D printed materials as tissue-equivalent phantoms [Kalim’15] Application: Radiotherapy dosimetry Model of human lung
kidney phantoms for internal radiation dosimetry [Tran-Gia’16]
Application: SPEC/CT Imaging
In vivo Ultrasound and Photoacoustic Monitoring of Mesenchymal Stem Cells Labeled with Gold Nanotracers [Emelianov’12]
Ultrasound Imaging: Research
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Agar phantoms in vivo human models in vitro, ex vivo, and animal models
?
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Objective: 3D Printed Tissue Phantoms
• Controlled tissue parameters, including: • Elasticity
• Scatterer Density
• Scatterer Type
• Tissue phantoms are alive
Conventional 3D Bioprinting
• Materials prepared in advance • Single function printing • Each material requires separate
syringe • Low throughput
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“Black and white” bioprinting!
Aspect’s Lab-on-a-PrinterTM
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“Full color
spectrum”
bioprinting!
• Bio-ink combinations generated on-the-fly, deposited from a single nozzle
• Multifunctional microfluidic printhead
• Control over cellular microenvironment • Cell content and ECM content • Growth factors • Bioactive compounds • Stiffness, fiber diameter and architecture
• Rapid fabrication and scale-up potential
• Fabricate heterogeneous tissues with physiological function
Method
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Biophantom Tissue printing
Ultrasound Imaging ROI selection and Image Analysis
Tissue Characterization
[Fleppa’09, Moradi’09, Azizi’16]
Temporal Enhanced Ultrasound (TeUS)
S. Azizi et al. 16
Cancer
Benign
S. Azizi, et al., “US-based detection of PCa using automatic feature selection with deep belief networks,” MICCAI 2015.
Feature Learning
Classification
Deep Learning
Temporal Enhanced Ultrasound (TeUS)
17 S. Azizi, et al., “US-based detection of PCa using automatic feature selection with deep belief networks,” MICCAI 2015.
0
50
100
150
200
TeUS MRI
Nu
mb
er
of
Co
rce
s
Incorrect Prediction
Correct Prediction
Train: RF TeUS data from 84 biopsy cores.
Test: RF TeUS Data from 171 biopsy cores.
Samples
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Normal cells Human aortic smooth muscle cells [T/G HA-VSMC]
Cancer cells Human hepatocellular carcinoma cell [HEPG2]
We also printed a third phantom type with no cells
ROI Selection
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Depth = 4cm Focal Point = 2 cm
ROI size: 1×1 mm2
Imaging Setting for analysis:
Depth = 4cm Focal Point = 2 cm Frequency: 6.6 MHz FPS: 51 Hz
Feature: mean (Fourier Mag. RF time series data)
Number of Samples:
Benign, cancer and no-cell. Two samples from each category. For each sample, we have acquired RF data at 4 different planes.
Conclusion
• Recent advancements in 3D printing have paved the way for creating large live ultrasound phantoms.
• Controlled experiments can be performed on various cancer cells.
• Human tissue on demand.
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Thanks!
Shekoofeh Azizi Dr. Sharareh Bayat
Dr. Ajay Rajaram Dr. Emran M. A. Anas
Tamer Mohamed Dr. Konrad Walus
Prof. Purang Abolmaesumi Prof. Parvin Mousavi
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