SY-2-9

GENETIC EVALUATION OF EXOTIC SIRES UNDER DIFFERENT ENVIRONMENT AND THEIR ACCURACY

GENETISCHE WERTBESTIMMUNG DER EXOTISCHE MAENNLISCHESTAMMTIERE IN VERSCHIEDENE UMGEBUNGEN UND DEREN GENAUIGKEIT

H .K .B . PAREKH *A .B . PANDE **

INDIAA lth o u g h th e h e r d m ate and c o n te m p o r a r y c o m p a r iso n

m e th o d s o f H en d erso n (1 9 5 6 ) and R o b e r ts o n (1 9 6 0 ) r e v o l u t i o n ­i s e d t h e s i r e e v a l u a t i o n program m e and l e d t o much g e n e t i c p t o g r e s s i n E u rop ean c o u n t r i e s and USA, t h e m eth od a l lo w e d no g e n e t i c t r e n d and assu m ed s i r e s o f h e r d m a te s a v e r a g e d t h e same f o r d a u g h t e r s o f a l l s i r e s . The new b e s t l i n e a r u n b ia s e d p r e d i ­c t o r (BLUP) and s i m p l i f i e d r e g r e s s e d l e a s t s q u a r e s (SRLS) me­t h o d s c o r r e c t s t h e a b o v e m e n tio n e d p r o b le m s .

In I n d ia , t h e s i r e s u se d f o r c r o s s b r e e d in g a r e b e in g s e l e c t e d on t h e p r e d ic t e d d i f f e r e n c e (PD) v a l u e s o f t h e e x o t i c s i r e s e v a lu a t e d in t h e i r own c o u n t r i e s t h a t t o o on e x o t i c p u r e b r e d p r o g e n i e s . T h e r e f o r e , i t i s d e s i r a b l e t o e v a l u a t e s i r e s b y d i ­f f e r e n t m eth od s in hand u s in g c r o s s b r e d p r o g e n ie s and s tu d y t h e i r r a n k in g b e tw e e n ea ch o t h e r and a l s o d e s i r a b l e t o com pare them w it h t h e i r r a n k in g b a s e d on PD v a l u e s i n t h e i r own c o u n t r y .

R e c e n t ly , P arekh and Sahu (1 9 7 8 ) r e p o r t e d a p o o r n e g a t iv e c o r r e l a t i o n b e tw e e n s i r e r a n k in g i n USA and t h e r a n k in g done in I n d ia , g a v e i n d i c a t i o n o f g e n e x e n v ir o n m e n t i n t e r a c t i o n . W ilso n (1 9 7 4 ) h a s c l a s s i f i e d t h e s e i n t e r a c t i o n s i n tw o fo r m s . F i r s t , t h e r e i s t h e c l a s s i c s i t u a t i o n w h ere t h e i n t e r a c t i o n i s s o s t r o n g t h a t r a n k in g c h a n g e s , w h i le i n s e c o n d c a s e , t h e m a g n itu d e o f th e p h e n o ty p e s d i f f e r s among d i f f e r e n t g e n o ty p e ch a n g ed o v e r e n v i r o ­n m en ts b u t ra n k c h a n g in g do n o t o c c u r . The p r e s e n t s tu d y w as d e s ig n e d t o e v a lu a t e e x o t i c s i r e s u n d e r d i f f e r e n t e n v ir o n m e n ta l c o n d i t i o n u s in g c r o s s b r e d p r o g e n ie s s o a s t o r e v e a l g e n e x e n v ir o n m e n t i n t e r a c t i o n and t o com pare d i f f e r e n t s i r e e v a l u ­a t i o n m e th o d s , w ith t h e a c c u r a c y .MATERIAL AND METHODS

U nder t h e A l l - I n d i a C o o r d in a te d R e s e a r c h P r o j e c t (AICRP) on C a t t l e a t J a b a lp u r , t o t a l 1 5 6 , 1 /2 H 1 /2 G p r o g e n ie s o f 14 H o l s t e i n F r i e s i a n (H) s i r e s h a v in g t h e i r d a u g h te r s a v e r a g e b e t ­w een 5 8 0 9 kg t o 7 0 6 8 .2 kg and 7 0 , 1 /2 J 1 /2 G p r o g e n ie s s i r e d by 11 J e r s e y (J ) s i r e s w it h t h e i r d a u g h te r s a v e r a g e b e tw e e n 3 9 9 3 .6 k g t o 4 8 3 0 .9 k g , w ere u s e d f o r t h e s i r e e v a l u a t i o n program m e.

* S e n io r S c i e n t i s t ( P r o f e s s o r ) , A l l - I n d i a C o o r d in a te d R e se a r c h P r o j e c t on C a t t l e , L iv e s t o c k Farm , J .N . A g r i c u l t u r a l U n iv e r ­s i t y , J a b a lp u r -4 8 2 004 (M .P .) , I n d i a .

** B h a r t iy a A gro I n d u s t r i e s F e d e r a t io n , U r l ik a n c h a n , P o o n a , I n d i a .

170

The f i v e m eth o d s o f s i r e e v a l u a t i o n ; ( i ) PD on u n a d j u s t e d d a t a , ( i i ) PD o n a d j u s t e d d a t a , ( i i i ) L e a s t - s q u a r e s (LS) c o n s t a n t f o r c o m p le te m o d e l, ( i v ) SRLS e s t i m a t e s , and (v ) BLUP e s t i m a t e s , w ere u s e d b y u s in g f i r s t l a c t a t i o n r e c o r d s o f 300 d a y s on h a l f b r e d p r o g e n i e s . The s e a e e n s w ere d iv id e d i n t o tw o b a s e d on t h e c l im a ­t o l o g i c a l d a t a o f J a b a lp u r i „ e . , h o t - d r y h a v in g a v e r a g e te m p e r a ­t u r e a s 3 1 , 1°C and h u m id ity a s 59% and c o ld -h u m id w it h a v e r a g e t e m p e r a tu r e a s 2 2 .6 ° C and h u m id ity 88 .6% . Thre p e r io d o v e r w h ic h d a ta w ere s p r e a d w as o f 4 y e a r s ( 1 9 7 5 - 7 8 ) .

STATISTICAL ANALYSISPD on u n a d j u s t e d d a t a i The PD o f e* ch s i r e w as c a l c u l a t e d b y t h e fo r m u la g iv e n b e l o w , u s i n g o r i g i n a l d a t a from f i r s t l a c t a t i o n .

w h ere ; PD = p r e d i c t e d d i f f e r e n c e , 0N *» a v e r a g e o f h a l f b r e d d a u ­g h t e r s , P_ «■ mean o f th e h a l f b r e d h e r d , N ■ t o t a l num ber o f p r o g e n ie s s and h 2 « h e r i t a b i l i t y c a l c u l a t e d b y i n t r a - s i r e r e g r e ­s s i o n o f d a u g h te r s on dam s.PD on a d j u s t e d d a t a t The f i r s t l a c t a t i o n 300 d a y s p r o d u c t io n o f e a c h 'h a l f b r e d (1 / £ h and 1 /2 J ) w as a n a ly s e d s e p a r a t e l y f o r y e a r s and s e a s o n e f f e c t a ssu m in g t h a t s i r e s w e r e random , u s in g t h e f o l l o w i n g m od el i - Y , * u + a . + b* + w h e r e , a^ and b .w ere t h e f i x e d e f f e c t &£ y e a r an a s e a s o n . The c o n s t a n t s c a l c u ­l a t e d w ere u s e d f o r a d j u s t i n g th e p r o d u c t io n d a t a . The h 2 e s t i ­m a te s w e r e made on t h e a d j u s t e d d a ta u s i n g i n t r a - s i r e , h a l f - s i b c o r r e l a t i o n m ethod and th e PD f o r ea ch s i r e s w as c a l c u l a t e d a s p e r t h e fo r m u la g iv e n a b o v e .L e a s t - s q u a r e s (LS) c o n s t a n t s f o r c o m p le te m od el i The c o m p le te mo<3el a ssu m in g s i r e s a s f i x e c i , w as u s e d a lo n g w i t h y e a r and s e a ­so n a l s o a s f i x e d e f f e c t in t h e mode; Y^jj^ * ft + a^ + b j + c^

+ e £ j v i ; w h e r e ; a . , b , and w ere th e e f f e c t s o f y e a r , s e a s o n and s i r e , r e s p e c t i v e l y . I t wSs assum ed t h a t t h e r e w as no i n t e r ­a c t i o n . The u + Cfc e q u a t io n s w ere a b so r b e d in a i and £< e q u a ­t i o n s b y u s in g m eth od o f m a tr ix a b s o r p t io n (H a r v e y , I 9 6 0 ) w h ic h w as m o d if ie d b y P a rek h ( 1 9 8 1 ) , f o r th e p r e s e n t s i t u a t i o n .

/vThe ju + Cfc c o n s t a n t s f o r s i r e s w ere e s t im a t e d b y b a c k

s o l u t i o n and t h e in v e r s e o f s i r e m a tr ix w as o b t a in e d b y m a tr ix p a r t - ' “ 'H a rv ey , 1 9 6 0 ) ,

w h e r e , A - D (I-N G ) , w as t h e i n v e r s e o f s i r e m a t r ix ; w h ere D ■ d ia g o n a l c o e f f i c i e n t m a tr ix o f s i r e .N - modified matrix of off-diagonal coefficient associ­

ated with year and season effect being absorbed with remaining effect,

G - -(D)” 1 (N)(c)> where 'C' is inverse matrix of the set of equation remaining after absorption and after app­ropriate restriction has been imposed and 'I* Is ide­ntity matrix.

2

171

AThe SRL3 c o n s t a n t (S ) th u s w e r e c a l c u l a t e d b y u s in g ab ove

s t a t i s t i c s . _<X <2SS * a 2S + Ai i C^e Si

2 2w h e r e . 6 S and <S e w ere ta k e n from t h e a n a l y s i s o f v a r ia n c e r e s u l t o f b e tw e e n and w i t h in s i r e a n a l y s i s on t h e a d j u s t e d d a ta and 8^ a r e l e a s t s q u a r e s s i r e c o n s t a n t s .B e s t l i n e a r u n b ia s e d p r e d i c t o r s (BLUP) t The m eth od g iv e n by H en d erso n (1 9 7 6 ) was u s e d . Same m od el e x p la in e d a b o v e u n d e r LS c o n s t a n t s w as u s e d b u t th e s i r e v a r ia n c e w as w e ig h t e d b y tf2S and d^e o f t h e LS e s t i m a t e s .

The BLUP e s t i m a t e s f o r ea ch s i r e w e r e th e n o b t a in e d a s p e r t h e p r o c e d u r e d e t a i l e d b y H arvey (1 9 7 9 ) w h ic h w as m o d if ie d f o r t h e p r e s e n t s i t u a t i o n w h e r e , in p l a c e o f h e r d s , t h e y e a r e f f e c t w as in c lu d e d a s t h e s i r e s w ere c o n fo u n d e d w ith y e a r s .The e s t i m a t e w as done c a l c u l a t e d a s u n d e r i

A

a S = (D+i k ) ” 1 (IY.) — (D+IK). (N). (a.,b<), where;A ^ * J *S ■ BLUP e s t i m a t i o n s ; K ■— 2 s ““*/?“Yv “ t o t a l p r o d u c t io n o f p r o - g e n i e s o f e a c h s i r e and a^ and h j w ere t h e c o n s t a n t s o f t h e y e a r and s e a s o n o b ta in e d b y a b s o r p t io n t e c h n iq u e . The O, N and 1 w ere t h e same a s d e s c r ib e d a b o v e .R a n k in g o f s i r e s i The s i r e s w ere r a n k ed by u s in g d i f f e r e n t me­th o d s o f e v a l u a t i o n a s in d ic a t e d a b o v e , i n c l u d i n g PD v a l u e s o f e a c h s i r e i n t h e i r home c o u n tr y i . e . , USA. The ra n k c o r r e l a t i o n b e tw e e n e a c h m ethod w as o b t a in e d b y u s in y s ta n d a r d p r o c e d u r e o u t l i n e d b y S n e d e c o r and C ochran ( 1 9 6 7 ) .M eth od s o f a c c u r a c y t The f o l l o w i n g t h r e e m e a su r e s o f a c c u r a c y o f s i r e e v a l u a t i o n w ere u s e d .1 . Minimum v a r ia n c e < The a c c u r a t e e s t i m a t e o f an y p a r a m e te r i s t h e o n e w h ich h a s a minimum v a r ia n c e o r SD. Thus t h e s e s t a t i s t i c s f o r e a c h m eth o d s w ere c a l c u l a t e d and com pared w it h d a u g h te r s a v e r a g e in t h e c o u n t r y .2 . C o e f f i c i e n t o f d e t e r m in a t io n i The s e c o n d m eth od u s e d f o r m e- s u r in g th e a c c u r a c y o f e s t im a t e w as t h e f r a c t i o n o f v a r i a t i o n a c c o u n te d b y e s t im a t e d v a l u e s , o f t h e t o t a l v a r i a t i o n a v a i l a b l e f o r s i r e s a s d a u g h te r s a v e r a g e i . e . , t h e c o e f f i c i e n t o f d e t e r ­m in a t io n v a lu e s (R2 ) . The m ethod w h ic h g i v e s an e s t i m a t e w ith h i g h e s t R2 v a l u e s t e l l s u s how a c c u r a t e we a r e i n p r e d i c t i n g v a l u e s f o r s i r e ' s d a u g h te r a v e r a g e ,3 . Rank c o r r e l a t i o n m ethod s The t h i r d m ethod u s e d t o t e s t th e a c c u r a c y o f s i r e e v a lu a t io n w as t h e ra n k c o r r e l a t i o n o f th e d i f f e r e n t m eth o d s o f r a n k in g a g a i n s t t h e r a n k in g o f s i r e s a s p e r t h e i r PD v a l u e s in t h e i r home c o u n tr y i . e . , USA w h ic h can b e assu m ed a s t h e m o st r e a l i s t i c v a l u e s .RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

The s i r e e v a lu a t io n e s t i m a t e s c a l c u l a t e d by d i f f e r e n t m eth o d s a r e p r e s e n t e d in T a b le 1 a lo n g w ith t h e d a u g h te r s ( h a l f - b r e d s ) a v e r g g e o f ea ch s i r e and th e o t h e r s t a t i s t i c s l i k e m ean,SD and R 2 values.

172

Gene x Environmental interaction i The rank correlation betw­een daughters average and PD in USA with different methods of sire evaluation under present condition in the country estim­ated are presented in Table 2. The correlation values for Holstein sires between daughters average in USA with methods tested at Jabalpur ranged from -0.47 to-0.61 indicating that the sires which were ranked superior in USA, performed poor under agro-climatic and managemental conditions of Jabalpur. Similar consistantly high negative rank correlation (-0.67 to -0.75) between PD fanking in USA and ranking between different methods in the country was obtained for Holstein sires. These findings clearly indicate that selection of H sires based on PD in USA may not be a reliable method and it also indicate strong gene x environment interaction. Wilson (1974) reported similar classic situation of gene x environment interaction.His result support our hypothesis, bickerson (1962) listed different factors which can alter the phenotypic expression of genetic differences. Therefore, it was recommended by him that selection should be done under less favourable condition for maximization. Similar recommendations were made by Falconer and Latyszewshi (1962), Bereskin and Lush (1965) also supported these views. These results were expected specially for H sires because there was a wide gap in environmental conditions inclu­ding level of nutrition between USA and India.

The rank correlation for Jersey sire ranking by different method (Table 2) showed a range of -0.33 to 0.28 between daugh­ters average in USA and other methods tested here and a range from -0.15 to 0.43 between PD in USA and rest of the methods used here. However, the negative rank correlation were non­significant. The positive rank correlation though in-significant clearly indicate similar performance of Jersey sires close to that in USA under Jabalpur climatic condition than H sires. As the positive rank correlation was in-significant, one can con­clude low gene x environment interaction which only changed the magnitude of phenotypic difference among different genotypes, when changed to another environment, but change in ranking did not occur. This type of situation gives poor correlation but in the same direction (Wilson, 1974). The most probable reason for second type of situation of gene x environmental interaction as stated above, could be due to 3 possible reasons; (i) Jersey sires might have better adaptability than H sires, (ii) Jersey sires in USA might be tested in herd under the similar climatic condition as that of here (India) and (iii) genetic potential of Jersey sires might be so low as compared to H sires that 5054 contribution of that genotype could express fully well under the present condition.Accuracy of sire evaluation methods t As per the minimum varia­nce method, the highest accuracy expected was by the LS constant estimates for complete model which has minimum standard devia­tion (Table 1), Thus the LS estimates using complete model seems to be more suitable and most accurate estimate of genetic poten­tial of sires with minimum error. Similar conclusions were drawn by Henderson (1974) who evaluated accuracy based on error asso­ciated to estimates. Miller et al. (1968) compared sire evalua­tion methods and reported 94 to 9754 rank correlation value for

173

Table 1Sire evaluation values estimated by different methods along with daughters average and meant#

SD and R2 statistics

s l.No.

Av. of daugh- ters(Y)

nHoi

PD-UA(xx)

stein Fj PD-AD

(x2)

’-iesianSRIS(X3 )

SiresBLUP< v

L.S.(Xj)

s l.No.

Av. of daugh­ters (Y)

Jern

3ey s'Ij PD-UA(xx)

-esPD-AD(Xj)

SRIS(X3>

BLUP(x4)

L.S.<xs2_

1. 2565.0 15 1955.0 2506.4 1743.0 1236.2 2526.1 1. 1353.3 3 246.0 485.6 390.9 562.7 1399.12 . 2474.0 13 1783.6 2342.5 1642.5 1887.4 2489.7 2 . 1938.9 10 1101.9 1190.0 980.31638.7 1985.63. 2422.6 23 2157.8 2552.7 1771.6 1241.7 2793.4 3. 1489.5 2 217.9 579.6 354.1 623.0 1626.54. 2151.0 12 1190.8 2009.7 1339.5 763.7 2096.3 4. 1909.2 16 1359.2 1647.2 1106.2 1729.8 1932.65. 2115.3 10 1470.7 1957.9 1129.3 432.9 2027.3 5. 1757.5 11 859.7 1695.9 902.0 1477.3 1791.66 . 2136.1 8 1062.7 1781.7 1123.6 844.3 2090.3 6 . 1715.3 2 282.5 683.2 425.1 887.3 1960.67. 2036.1 8 998.3 1674.6 1049.3 671.9 1976.4 7. 1847.0 3 446.6 428.6 544.1 625.4 1861.78 . 2158.4 11 1248.4 2026.8 1340.2 1413.1 2185.1 8 . 2048.4 5 775.0 721.1 737.0 125.4 1895.99. 2154.8 10 1228.7 1971.0 1246.6 1004.1 2121.5 9. 1552.5 4 413.2 1308.7 486.8-371.9 1690.6

10. 2445.5 11 1599.9 2243.0 1436.5 659.8 2368.5 1 0 . 1384.5 L2 1157.8 6 8 6 . 0 L042.8-599.1 1732.31 1. 1894.0 7 809.2 1413.4 897.1 190.4 1776.8 1 1 . 2707.5 2 561.5 853.6 431.4 -116.4 2332.31 2. 2273.2 9 1556.7 1820.9 1283.4 1321.1 2269.713. 2675.0 5 1066.2 1496.8 982.0 669.9 2568.314. 1997.6 14 1298.3 1927.1 1286.7 797.8 1955.4

Mean 2107.2 1383.9 1987.8 1304.7 937.8 2231.8 Mean - 683.9 934.6 672.8 593.7 1832.6Sd = 2

417.68 342.51 270.19 443.4 283.53 0.36 0.228 0.276 0.174 0.968

406.70.13

4530

,2 287.8 795.7 241.5,004 0.041 0.02 0.873

TABLE 2R ank c o r r e l a t i o n b e tw ee n d i f f e r e n t m e th o d s o f s i r e e v a l u a t i o n r a n k in g

________________________ HP s i r e s

D a u .| PD j USA

D au.Av.

I n d ia

L .S .C o n s t - j a n t s j

1PD |

I n d i a j U nad . j

PDI n d i a a d j .

SRLS BLUP

D au. Av. USA 0 .8 1 * * - 0 .4 7 - 0 .5 2 - 0 .4 8 - 0 .6 1 * - 0 .5 5 - 0 . 5 6

PD USA 0 .9 3 * * - -0 .7 2 * * -0 .7 5 * * - 0 .6 7 * - 0 .6 9 * - 0 .7 1 * * -0 .7 7 * *

D au . Av. I n d i a -0 .3 3 - 0 .1 5 - 0 .9 9 * * 0 .5 9 * 0 .4 9 0 .5 3 * 0 .4 3

LS c o n - - 0 .0 3 0 .2 2 0 .8 0 * * _ 0 .6 1 * 0 .5 1 0 .5 4 * 0 .4 7s t a n t sPD I n d i a - 0 .1 2 C.0 3 0 .7 0 * 0 .4 5 _ 0 .8 7 * * 0 .8 8 * * 0 .5 2u n a d ju s t e dd a t aPD I n d i a 0 .1 0 0 .2 8 0 .3 b 0 .3 2 0 .6 2 * _ 0 .9 6 * * 0 .5 1a d j . d a t aSRLS - 0 .1 2 0 .0 3 0 .0 5 3 0 .3 4 0 .9 7 * * 0 .5 8 - 0 .6 2 *

BLUP 0 .2 8 0 .4 3 0 .0 4 0 .3 5 0 .2 4 0 .2 5 0 .2C _

__________________________ J e r s e y S i r e s

** - P / 0 .0 1* - P / 0 .0 5

174

l e a s t s q u a r e s e s t i m a t e s b u t sa m p lin g e r r o r f o r maximum l i k e l y - h o o d s i r e c o n s t a n t s w as 1 . 5 % s m a l le r th a n t h o s e o f LS v a l u e s .The o t h e r m eth od u s e d f o r t e s t i n g t h e a c c u r a c y w as t h e R2 v a ­l u e s e x p r e s s i n g t h e f r a c t i o n o f v a r i a t i o n a c c o u n te d by t h e j e s t im a t e d s i r e v a l u e s (Ya ) o u t o f th e t o t a l p h e n o t y p ic a v e r a g e o f d a u g h te r s o f t h e s i r e s . I t w i l l be o b s e r v e d t h a t maximum R2 v a l u e s w as 0 ,9 6 8 f o r t h e LS c o n s t a n t f o r c o m p le te m od el (T a b le 1 ) . T h is i n d i c a t e s t h a t th e LS e s t i m a t e s a r e t h e b e t t e r e s t im a ­t e s o f s i r d s g e n e t i c p o t e n t i a l in c a s e w h ere t h e s i r e s a r e t e ­s t e d on t h e b a s i s o f c r o s s b r e d p r o g e n ie s .

The ra n k c o r r e l a t i o n u s e d a s m ea su re f o r a c c u r a c y r e v e a l s t h a t t h e h i g h e s t r a n k c o r r e l a t i o n o b s e r v e d w as b y t h e BLUP e s ­t im a t e s (T a b le 2 ) . T h is i n d i c a t e t h a t t h e r a n k in g d on e b y BLUP e s t i m a t e s a r e a c c u r a t e t o t h e e x t e n t o f ran k c o r r e l a t i o n v a l u e s when com p ared w it h r a n k in g o f s i r e b a se d on PD e s t i m a t e s a s p e r M o d if ie d H er M ate C on tem p orary C om parison o f OHIA i n USA. The h i g h e s t ra n k c o r r e l a t i o n w as f o r H s i r e w i t h BLUP e s t i m a t e s ( - 0 . 7 7 ) th o u g h w it h m in u s s i g n , i n d i c a t i n g g e n e x e n v ir o n m e n t c o r r e l a t i o n .

The r e s u l t s w it h J e r s e y s i r e s h e r d , h i g h e s t ra n k c o r r e l ­a t i o n w it h BLUP e s t i m a t e s ( 0 .4 3 ) w as o b s e r v e d . H ow ever, t h e e s t i m a t e s w ere i n s i g n i f i c a n t and w ith p o s i t i v e s i g n s , when com pared w it h PO r a n k in g i n USA. T h ese r e s u l t s i n d i c a t e s t h a t w h ere e v e n c o r r e l a t i o n b e tw e e n g e n o t y p ic and e n v ir o n m e n t i s e x p e c t e d , BLUP e s t i m a t e s a r e m ore r e l i a b l e f o r s i r e e v a l u a t i o n and u n d e r t h e s i t u a t i o n , t h e s e e s t i m a t e s a r e bound t o g e t h ig h e r s ta n d a r d e r r o r o r p o o r R2 v a l u e .

SUMMARYA ssu m in g a d d i t i v e g en e e f f e c t f o r m ilk p r o d u c t io n , 14

H o l s t e i n F r i e s i a n (H) and 11 J e r s e y (J ) s i r e s p r o g e n y t e s t e d i n USA, w e r e g e n e t i c a l l y e v a lu a t e d u s in g I n d ia n G ir (G) b r e e d h a v in g 1 5 0 , 1 /2 H 1 /2 G and 7 0 , 1 /2 J 1 /2 G p r o g e n ie s r a i s e d u n d e r J a b a lp u r e n v ir o n m e n t . The f i v e m eth od s o f s i r e e v a l u a t i o n u s e d w e r e ; PO on u n a d ju s te d d a t a , PO on a d j u s t e d d a t a , LS c o n s t a n t s , SRLS, and BLUP.

The g e n e x e n v ir o n m e n t (G x E) i n t e r a c t i o n w as t e s t e d by u s in g ra n k c o r r e l a t i o n o f s i r e s b e tw een PD a t USA and d i f f e r e n t m eth od s u s e d . Two c l a s s i c a l t y p e s o f G x E i n t e r a c t i o n s w e r e r e c o r d e d i . e . , o n e , w ith s i g n i f i c a n t n e g a t i v e r a n k c o r r e l a t i o n ( - 0 . 6 7 t o - 0 . 7 5 ) , c h a n g in g t h e r a n k in g o r d e r i n o p p o s i t e d i r e ­c t i o n f o r s i r e s ; and s e c o n d , w ith p o o r n o n - s i g n i f i c a n t r a n k c o r r e l a t i o n ( - 0 . 1 5 t o 4 0 .4 3 ) w ith no c h a n g e i n r a n k in g o r d e r f o r J s i r e s .

The t h r e e m eth o d s t o e v a lu a t e t h e a c c u r a c y o f t h e e s t i ­m ated v a lu e o f s i r e s w e r e ; minimum e r r o r e s t i m a t e , r 2 f o r p r e ­d i c t i o n and t h e ra n k c o r r e l a t i o n ,

ZUSAMMENFASSUNGU n te r d e r Annahme d a s d i e A d d it io n e n d e r G e n s , d i e M i lc h -

p r o d u k t io n b e e i n f l u s z t , 1 4 , H o l s t e i n F r i e s i a n (H) und 1 1 , J e r s e y (J ) M a e n n lic h e s ta m m tie r e , d e r e n Hachkommen i n d en U .S .A . g e n e s - t e t w u rd en , w urden f u e r d i e O e n e t is c h e w e r tb e s t im m u n g in J a b a lp u r

175

Umgebung m it I n d is c h e Kuh R a sse /Z u c h t G ir g e k r e u z t und 15 0 , 1/2H 1/2G und 7 0 , 1 /2J1 /2G Nachkommen e r z e u g t . D ie W e r tsc h a e t- zung d e r m an n llch en Stairantiere u n te r fo lg e n d e fu e n f M ethoden vorgenommen; PD im u n r a g u l ie r t e s D a ta , PD in r e g u l i e r t e s D ata ,LS K o n sta n te n , SRLS und BLUP.

Das Geg x Umgebung (G x E ), d i e W ech selw irk u n g wurde an Hand d e r r a n g k o r e la t io n d e r m a en n lich en S tairantiere z w isch en PD in U .S .A . und v e r s c h ie d e n e M ethoden g e t e s t e t . Zwei K la s s is c h e Typen d e r G x E w ech se lw irk u n g wurden r e g i s t e r i e r t d .h , e r s t e m it k la r e s n e g a t iv e s R a n g k o r e la t io n ( - 0 .6 7 b i s - 0 . 7 5 ) . Fuer d ie m a n en n lich e Stairantiere in e n t g e g n g e s e t z t e r r ic h tu n g Rang Ordnung w e c h se le n d ; und z w e ite n s m it Schw aches n i c h t K la r e s R a n g k o r e la t io n ( - 0 ,1 5 b i s + 0 ,4 3 ) m it k e in e V eraenderung in R eih en Ordnung fu e r J m a en n lich e S ta iran tiere .

Um d ie G e n a u ig k e it d er W ertsch a etzu n g d e r m a en n lich en S tam m tiere wurden d r e i M ethoden an gew andt. D ie s in d n a em lich das m in d e s te F eh lerb erech n u n g , Rz f u e r V orau sage und Rangko­r e l a t i o n .

REFERENCESB e r e s k in , B. and Lush, J .L . (1 9 6 5 ) . G e n e t ic and e n v ir o n m e n ta l

f a c t o r s in d a ir y s i r e e v a lu a t io n . I I I . I n f lu e n c e o f en v ir o n m e n ta l and o th e r e s t r a n e o u s c o r r e l a t i o n s among th e d a u g h te r s . J . D a iry S c i . 48 : 3 5 6 .

D ic k e r s o n , G .E, (1 9 6 2 ) . I m p lic a t io n s o f g e n e t i c en v iro n m en t in t e r a c t io n in an im al b r e e d in g . Anim P rod n . 4 t 4 7 .

F a lc o n e r , D .S . and L e ty sz e w a sk e , M. ( 1 9 6 2 ) . The en v iro n m en t inr e l a t i o n t o s e l e c t i o n f o r s i z e o f m ic e . J . G en e t. 51 «67.

H arvey , W.R. (1 9 6 0 ) . L e a s t -s q u a r e s a n a l y s i s o f d a ta w ith un­e q u a l s u b c la s s numbers A R S -20-8 . U .S . D e p t, o f A g r ic . B e l t s v i l l e , M aryland, U .S .A .

H arvey , W.R. (1 9 7 9 ) . A ccuracy o f s i m p l i f i e d r e g r e s s e d l e a s t - sq u a r e s (SRLS) v s . B e s t l i n e a r u n b ia se d p r e d ic t io n me­th o d s (BLUP) o f ra n k in g s i r e s . The In d ia n J . o f Anim* G en et, and B r e e d in g . 1 s 7 .

H en d erson , C .R . (1 9 4 8 ) , E s t im a tio n o f g e n e r a l , s p e c i f i c and m a tern a l com bin ing a b i l i t i e s in c r o s s e s among in b r e d l i n e s . h£ P h.D , T h e s i s , Iowa S t a t e U n iv , Ames ( c i t e d by H arvey, ^.979) .

H an d erson , C .R . (1 9 5 6 ) . C o r n e ll r e s e a r c h on m ethods o f s e l e c t i n g d a ir y s i r e s . P ro c . N ew zealand S o c . Anim. P ro d . 16 i 6 9 .

H en d erson , D .R . (1 9 7 4 ) . G en era l f l e x i b i l i t y o f l i n e a r , m odelt e c h n iq u e s f o r s i r e e v a lu a t io n . J . D a iry S c i . 5 8 ( 8 ) s9 6 3 .

H en d erson , C .R . (1 9 7 6 ) . A s im p le m ethod f o r com p u tin g th e in v e r s e o f a num erator r e l a t i o n s h i p m a tr ix u sed in p r e d ic t io n o f b r e e d in g v a lu e s . B io m e t r ic s . 32 i 6 9 .

M i l l e r , R .H ., M cD aniel, B .T . and Plowman, R .D . ( 1 9 6 8 ) . Com­p a r is o n o f th r e e m ethods o f s i r e e v a lu a t io n . ; D a iry S c i . 51 i. 782 .

176

P arekh, H .K .B . ( 1 9 7 8 ) , E v a lu a t io n o f c r o s s b r e d s (T harparkarx H o ls t e in ) cow s b r e e d in g v a lu e , r e a l p r o d u c in g a b i l i t y and th e b i a s e s in s e l e c t i o n r e s p o n s e . N a t io n a l Sem inar on Anim al G e n e t ic s and B r e e d in g , NDRI, K a rn a l, Ju n e, 19^ 8 .

P arek h , H .K .B . and Sahu, J .P . ( 1 9 7 8 ) , S tu d ie s on some econ om ic t r a i t s o f T harparkar x H o ls t e in h a lf b r e d f e m a le s . In d ia n J . Anlm. S c l . 48 i 8 5 3 .

P arek h , H .K .B . ( 1 9 8 1 ) . A s t a t i s t i c a l te c h n iq u e to re d u c e th e s i z e o f m a tr ix f o r l e a s t - s q u a r e s a n a l y s i s f o r u n eq u a l s u b c la s s num bers. Paper p r e s e n te d in M ini Workshop on S t a t i s t i c s A p p lie d to Animal B reed in g D ata , IIS R , New D e lh i .

R o b e r tso n , A, ( 1 9 6 0 ) . The p rogen y t e s t i n g o f d a ir y b u l l s - A com p arison o f t e s t s on f a t h e r and s o n s . J . o f A q r lc .S c l . 54 s 1 0 .

S n ed eco r , G.W. and C ochron, W.G. (1 9 6 7 ) . S t a t i s t i c a l M ethods. The Iowa S t a t e U n iv . P r d ss , Ames. Iow a, $ th Ed.

W ilso n , S .P . (19 7 4 ) . G enotype by en v iron m en t in t e r a c t i o n in th e c o n t e x t o f an im al b r e e d in g . 1 s t World C o n g ress on G e n e t ic s A p p lie d to L iv e s to c k P r o d u c t io n , M adrid , 1 -1 1 O c t. V o l . I , p 3 7 3 .

177