Studiereis NVAG20-27 april 2014

Introductie Turkije

Rob van der Meer

Bronnen

The World Fact Book, CIA, April 2004Lonely Planet, Turkey, April 2009

Turkije, ANWB, 1994

Geography

GeographyTurkey The Netherlands

Area 783,562 sq km 41,543 sq kmLand/Sea Boundary 2648/7200 1027/451

Elevation extremes 0/5166 -7/+322 (862)

Natural resources Coal, metals, clay, hydropower

Natural gas, petroleum, salt

Natural hazards Earthquakes FloodingGeography note Controlling Turkish

straits, Mount Ararat, Euphrate&Tigris control

Mouth of 3 major rivers

Turkey The Netherlands

Ethnicity 75% TR, 18% krd 80% NLD, 2,2% TRPopulation 82,000,000 17,000,000Religion 99.8% muslim 30% RC, 20% Prot

5% muslim, 42% noneBirth rate 16.86/1000 10.83/1000Death rate 6.12/1000 8.57/1000

Urbanization 72% 83%Life expectancy/birth 73 81

Fertility rate 2.08 child/woman 1.78 child/woman

Mothers age 1st birth 22.9 28.9

Maternal mortality 20/100,000 live births 6/100,000 live births

Population

Turkey The Netherlands

Turkey The Netherlands

Health expenditures 6.7% of GDP 12% of GDP

Physicians density 1.71/1000 3.92/1000 pop

Hospital beds 2.5/1000 4.7/1000 pop

HIV prevalence <0.1% 0.2%

Adult obesity 27.8% 18.8%

Literacy 94% 99%

Youth unemployment 17.5% 9.5%

Population, health

State

Republic, parliamentary democracy81 ProvincesIndependence 19 October 1923President: Abdullah GülPrime Minister: Recep Tayyip ErdoganAnthem: Istiklal Marsi (Independence March)

Economy

Free market economy, industry & services Growing importance middle class entrepreneursAutomotive, electronic and construction industriesOil and gas pipelinesGDP per capita $15,300 (NLD $41,400)Budget surplus -2.1% Inflation rate 7.6%Import partners: RUS 11.3%, DEU 9%, CHI 9%Export partners: DEU 8.6%, IRAQ 7.1%, IRAN 6.5%

Transnational issues

Maritime & territorial disputes in Aegean SeaNorth CyprusHydrological projects upstream EuphratesKurds in IraqArmeniaRefugees (Kurds, Syria)Drug trafficking

History

2000 BC Hittites (bronze age) 700 BC Phrygians, Lycians, Greeks 547 BC Persian invasion (Cyrus) 334 BC Alexander the Great 190 BC Roman rule3rd cent Split Roman Empire, Constantinople

Byzantine Empire

History

1071 AC Seljuks’ first defeat over Byzantines, introduction of islam

1300 AC Osman: Ottoman dynasty1453 AC Sultan Mehmet II takes Constantinople1520 AC Sultan Süleyman the Magnificent: to

Budapest, Belgrade and Rhodes, patron of arts1683 AC Siege of Vienna failed

History

1914-18 WW I, central side, battle of Gallipoli1920 AC Treaty of Sèvres (humilitation)1919-1922 War of Independence, Mustafa Kemal1923 AC Treaty of Lausanne, modernization (Gregorian calender, Roman alphabet, abolish fez)1960/70 Military coups1980 PKK active2002 Recep Tayyip Erdogan wins elections

Culture

Hospitality, proudness, nationalismFamily life, children adoredTurkish language (M250)Kurds (M7 SE, M7 elsewhere), LazSport: soccer, oil wrestling, basketball, volleyball

Culture

Carpets (Seljuks 12th Cen, Konya)Architecture

- Seljuk (Konya)- Ottoman- Turkish baroque (Dolmabahce)- Neoclassicism (NLD consulate)- Modern

Food & drinks

Regional differencesMezeKebap, fish (balīk) , köfte, lamb, chickenVegetables: zeytinyagli, dolmaDrinks: •rakī, bira (Efes), sarap•cay•kahve

Politics

AKP majorityCHP, MHP & BDP oppositionAccession EURegional influenceAppointments (high) officialsArmed ForcesConservatism

Language

Altaic languageDifferent characters: a, b, c, ç, d, e, f, g, ğ, h, ı, i, j, k, l, m, n, o, ö, p, r, s, ş, t, u, ü, v, y, and z Vowel harmony, suffixesMerhabaTeşekkür ederimAfiyet olsun

Practical issues

Transport: bus, dolmus, taksi, ucak, (tren)Pedestrians secondary to cars, dikkat!Money: TL (5, 10, 20, 100), €1=TL2,94ATM, credit cardsReligious holidays:

• Seker (Ramazan) Bayrami• Kurban Bayrami

Practical issues

Public holidays:•1 Jan•23 Apr National Sovereignty & Childrens’ day•19 May Youth & Sport Day•30 Aug Victory Day•29 Oct Republic Day