Francesc(Montserrat((NIOZ)(

Pol(Knops((Innova7on(Concepts)(

Lezing'Rathenau'Ins/tuut'D.d.'12'December'2012'

•  Dr.'Francesc'Montserrat(NIOZ(Onderzoek(naar(Olivijn(verwering((

•  Ir.'Pol'Knops(Innova7on(Concepts:((Ontwikkeling(proces(reac7e(te(versnellen(KU(Leuven(Promo7e(onderzoek(Olivijn( ( ((

( 1977:(332'ppm'

(1963:(317'ppm'( (( 2013:(400'ppm( ((

Geschat'aantal'publica/es'

0(

100(

200(

300(

400(

500(

600(

700(

800(

900(

1000(

1990( 1995( 2000( 2005( 2010(

Google Scholar: "Mineral carbonation CO2 sequestration"

Onderzoek'1'

Year Name Description University

1997 Jonckbloedtt The dissolution of olivine in acid Utrecht

1997 Lieftink The preparation of and characterization of silica from acid treatment of olivine Utrecht

2004 Gormley An integrated experimental and first-principle computational study of CO2 mineral carbonation reactions in Olivine and Serpentine

Phoenix

Bearat Mineral sequestration of Carbon Dioxide. Enhancing carbonation reactivity of brucite and forsterite

Phoenix

Nunea Mineral sequestration of CO2 in San Carlos Olivine – An atomic level reaction study Phoenix

2005 Park CARBON DIOXIDE SEQUESTRATION: CHEMICAL AND PHYSICAL ACTIVATION OF AQUEOUS CARBONATION OF Mg-BEARING MINERALS AND pH SWING PROCESS

Ohio

2006 Kim Nanoscale analysis for the San Carlos Olivine Carbonation Reaction Mechanism Phoenix

Huntzinger Carbon Dioxide Sequestration in cement kiln Dust through mineral carbonation Michigan

2007 Olsen FORSTERITE DISSOLUTION KINETICS:APPLICATIONS AND IMPLICATIONS FOR CHEMICAL WEATHERING

Virginia

Huigen Carbon Dioxide Sequestration by Mineral Carbonation Wageningen

Hänchen CO2 storage by aqueous mineral carbonation; olivine dissolution and precipitation of MG-carbonates

Zürich

Uliasz-Bochenczyk

Waste used for CO2 bonding via mineral carbonation Krakow

Onderzoek'2'

Year Name Description University

2008 Van Essendelft

Kinetics of the acid digestion of serpentine with concurrent grinding for the purpose of CO2 sequestration

Pennsylvania

Ramme An investigation of CO2 sequestration through mineralization Milwaukee

Jarvis Reaction mechanisms for enhancing carbon dioxide mineral sequestration Phoenix

Teir FIXATION OF CARBON DIOXIDE BY PRODUCING CARBONATES FROM MINERALS AND STEELMAKING SLAGS

Espoo

Staires Assessing the viability of CO2 sequestration in eastern snake river plains basalts, Southern Idaho

Pocatello

Uibu Abatement of CO2 emissions in Estonian oil shale based power production Tallinn

2009 Flaathen Water rock interaction during CO2 sequestration in Basalt Toulouse

Wilson Mineral traps for greenhouse gases in mine tailings. A protocol for verifying and quantifying CO2 sequestration in ultramafic mines

Vancouver

Daldoul Caracterisation et etude de la performance du Chrysoltile dans la capture du dioxyde de carbone dans les procédés gaz-solide

Quebec

Costa Accelerated carbonation of minerals and industrial residues for carbon dioxide storage Rome

Krevor Mineral carbon dioxide sequestration: Enhancing process kinetics and a resource base assessment for minerals suitable for use in enhanced carbonation processes

Columbia

2010 Stasiulaitiene Binding potential of concentrated carbon dioxide using Lithuanian rocks Kaunas

Eloneva Reduction of CO2 emissions by mineral carbonation; steelmaking slags as a rwa material with a pure Calcium Carbonate end product

Espoo

Piredda Stabilization of MSW combustion residues by accelerated carbonation treatment and their potential carbon dioxide sequestration

Cagliari

Onderzoek'3'Year Name Description University

2010 Saha Advanced Mineral Sequestration Phoenix

Haug Dissolution and carbonation of mechanically activated olivine Trondheim

Prigiobbe Mineral carbonation for CO2 storage Zürich

2011 Renforth Mineral carbonation in soils Newcastle

Kwon MINERALIZATION FOR CO2 SEQUESTRATION USING OLIVINE SORBENT IN THE PRESENCE OF WATER VAPOR

Georgia

Wang Carbon dioxide Capture and Storage by Mineralisation Using Recyclable Ammonium Salts

Nottingham

2012 Stockmann Experimental Study of Basalt Carbonatization Toulouse

Fagerlund Carbonation of Mg(OH)2 in a pressurized fluidized bed for CO2 sequestration Turku

Nduagu Production of Mg(OH)2 from Mg-silicate rock for CO2 mineral sequestration Turku

Mervic Determining Timescales of Natural Carbonation of Peridotite in the Samail Ophiolite (Oman)

Woods Hole

Back Mineral Sequestration of CO2 by reaction with alkaline residues Bayreuth

Hövelmann Carbonation reactions in ultramafic rocks: experimental insights into physicochemical processes, microtexure evolution and reaction mechanisms

Oslo

Beinlich Carbonation reactions in ultramafic rocks Oslo

Bonfils Mechasmes et verrous de la carbonation minerale du CO2 en voie aqueuse Toulouse

Gupta CO2 sequestration through Mineral Carbonation in Alkaline Wastes New Delhi

Onderzoek'4'

Year Name Description University

Paukert CO2 capture and Storage. Natural and Enhanced Mineralization in Peridotite Aquifiers of the Samail Ophiolite (Oman)

New York

2012 Balucan Thermal studies of Magnesium Silicates from the Great Serpentine Belt in New South Wales

NS Wales

2013 Salek Mineral CO2 Sequestration by Environmental Biotechnological Processes. Delft

Santos Sustainable Materialization of Residues from Thermal Processes into Carbon Sinks Leuven

Roland Evaluation of Mineral Carbonation Potential in Ultramafic Rocks West Scotland

2016 Knops CO2 sequestration with a Gravity Pressure Vessel: “Modeling and Lab results” Leuven

“Nederlands”'onderzoek'• UU:( ( ( ( Prof.(Schuiling,(prof.(Spiers

• NIOZ:(( ( ( Francesc(Montserrat

• TU(DelV:(( ( Shiva(Salek

• WUR:(( ( ( Hein(ten(Berge,(Rene(Rietra

• WUR:( ( ( Ralph(Lindeboom

• Deltares:( ( iov(RWS,(greenSand

• Movares:( ( Schouwpad

• RIVM

• Rijkswaterstaat((• Leuven(( ( Pol(Knops

Chemische'reac/e'Olivijn: Mg2SiO4 + 4CO2 + 4H2O => 4HCO3

- +2Mg2+ + Si(OH)4 [∆H = -239.2 kJ/mol]

Andere mineralen vergelijkbaar effect (wel langzamer)(

Effecten:

Voordelen'

•  Permanent:(– Geologische(7jdsschaal(– Geen(verantwoordelijkheids(risico(

•  Stabiel(eind(product(•  Ruim(beschikbaar(

•  Aanpak'diffuse'&'historische'emissies(

•  In#poten(e:#energie#winnen#én#CO2#vastleggen#

Voorkomens'

Nadelen'•  Langzame(reac7e:(

•  Hoeveelheden(•  Energie:(winnen,(transport,(malen(

•  Nikkel,#Chroom#

• Natuurlijk proces • Versnelde verwering (enhanced weathering) • Product vervanging • Process intensificatie

Hoeveelheden'•  Om(alle(CO2(wereldwijd'compensere:(

– 7(km3(per(year((25(Gton)(

– Vergelijkbaar(grootste(mijn(

•  Bruinkool:(1(Gton/yr(•  Coal:(4(Gton/yr(Overburder(factor:(5(

•  Oil(sand:(>1(Mton/dag(

•  Berekeningen(tov(CO2(vastlegging(

• Mijnen:( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( 0,33%(

•  Transport(NoorwegencNederland:(3,5%(• Malen:( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( 0,14%(c(10,4%(

•  .(( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( (1(mm(–(10(μm)(

•  Totaal:' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' 4%'V'14%'

Energie'

Op/es'

3(routes:(( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( condi/es'' ' focus''natuurlijke(verwering( ( natuurlijk( ( CO2/Oceaan'verzuring(Product(vervanging( ( variërend( ( Vervanging(Proces(intensifica7e( ( HPHT( ( ( ( Eind(Producten(

Natuurlijke'verwering'

Virgin'Earth'Challenge'

c Natuurlijke(verwering(( Snelheid(geologische(7jdsschaal(c Versnelde(verwering((enhanced)(( malen,((( organische(zuren,(schimmels,(korstmossen,((( erosieve(plaatsen(

Versnelde'verwering'

Waddengebieden(

Lichens(secrete(oxalic(acid( Constant(abrasion( Lugworm(eats(top(layer(Mycorrhizal(fungi(secrete(a(range(of(organic(acids(

Bodem( Strand(Rotsen(

Product'vervanging'

•  Olivijn:(– Als(grind,(zand,(etc.((– Bemes7ng:(( tegengaan(verzuring((( Magnesium(agiVe,((( CO2(binding(

•  Levensduur(product((>=(verweringssnelheid(

•  Nikkel((

Producten

Proces'intensifica/e'

•  Chemisch(proces(•  Hoge(druk,(hoge(temperatuur:(

•  Accelerated(reac7on(rate(((1.000.000'keer)(

•  Exotherme(reac7e(

12(December(2013(( 23(Rathenau(Symposium((Innova7on(Concepts(

Process'condi/ons'

Flue'gas'

60°C(

Ambient((10%(CO2)(

seconds(

Mineraliza/on'

180°C(

40c100(bar(

1(hour(

VerTech'(GPV)'

275°C(

100(bar(

1(hour(

Temperature(

Pressure(

Residence(7me(

AUTUMN'SESSION'PINNL'(13/11/2013( (Pol(Knops/(Innova7on(Concept((24(

“CO2(energy(reactor”(

Well(head(

Onderzoek'Leuven'