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Den.

U.K.

Fr.

It.

Sp.

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Are

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Inverness

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Tromso

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Alesund

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Aberdeen

Cork

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Valencia

Malaga

Nice

The

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Gdansk

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Messina

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Glasgow

Turin

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Edinburgh

Cardiff

Marseille

Ven

ice

Murcia

Genoa

Toulouse

Bydgoszcz

Kr

Birmingham

Munich

Naples

Barcelona

Hamburg

Milan

Reykjavik

Oslo

Stockholm

London

Berlin

Paris Prague

Budapest

Be

Madrid

Rome

W

Amsterdam

Dublin

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Ljubljana

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Brussels

Bern

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Vienna

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CapeSt. Vincent

Land's End

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Isle of Lewis

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Faroe Islands

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Orkney Islands

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P

L

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English Channel

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NO

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SE

R

ARCTIC CIRCLE

MER

IDIA

NO

FG

REE

NW

ICH

(LO

ND

ON

)

N

A F R I C A

60°N

70°N

50°N

30°W

20°W40°N

10°E10°W20°W30°W

40°W

0°

10°E10°W 0°

30°N

AZIMUTHAL EQUIDISTANT PROJECTION

400

4000

0

mi

km

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8

A

B

C

D

E

F

G

H

J

K

EUROPEPOLITICAL

RA16 Reference Atlas

RA00-RA30-TWIP Maps P1-860976 3/23/04 12:31 AM Page RA16

Kem

Tobseda

olavI

o

Kiruna

Kemi

LuleaOulu

Vaasa

PoriTampere

VelikiyNovgorod

Turku

Kuopio

Daugavpils

Chernihiv

Sumy

Stavropol

Kerch

Yalta

Iraklio

Kirovsk

Umba

Severodvinsk

Pechora

Syktyvkar

Oral

Umea

Murmansk

Archangel

Lviv

Homyel

Poltava

Kursk

Vinnytsya Donetsk

Simferopol

Varna

Thessaloniki

Perm

Kirov

Ufa

YaroslavlKazan

Tver

RyazanVitsyebsk Smolensk

Penza

Saratov

Volgograd

Astrakhan

Bryansk

sanuaK

Sevastopol

grubnerO

Groznyy

Krakow

Constanta

St. Petersburg

NizhniyNovgorod

Samara

Kharkiv

Rostov

Odesa

Istanbul

Dnipropetrovsk

Tallinn

Helsinki

Moscow

Minsk

Riga

Vilnius

Kiev

Chisinau

Baku

Belgrade Bucharest

Sofia

Warsaw

Athens

Skopje

NicosiaRhodesCrete

Crimea

Peloponnesus

LA

P L A N DKola

Peninsula

C a r p a t h i a n

Mt s .

C a u c a s u s M o u n t a i n s

UR

AL

MO

UN

TA

IN

S

B a lkan Mts.Danube

Dniester

Volg

a

Ural

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Lake Ladoga

Bosporu

s

Dardanelles

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s

pi

a

n

Se

a

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lfof

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c

Se

a

Sea of Azov

Aegean

Sea

Sea of

Marmara

LITHUANIA

BELARUS

U K R A I N E

GEORGIA AZERBAIJAN

TURKEY

GREECE

IAMACED.

ROMANIA

MOLDOVA

A

RUSSIA

D

RY

SERBIAANDMONTENEGRO

ESTONIA

R U S S I A

Y

N

FI

NL

AN

D

L A T V I A

IA

K AZ

AK

HS

TA

N

BULGARIA

CYPRUS

KOSOVO

Europe-Asiaboundary

A S I A

A S I A

70°N30°E 40°E 70°E

60°N

50°N

80°E

70°E

60°E

50°E

30°E 40°E 50°E

40°N

30°N

A commonly accepted divisionbetween Asia and Europe—here

marked by a gray line—isformed by the Ural Mountains,

Ural River, Caspian Sea, CaucasusMountains, and the Black Seawith its outlets, the Bosporus

and the Dardanelles.

9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16

9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16

A

B

C

D

E

F

G

H

J

K

Reference Atlas RA17


London Berlin

ParisPrague

Budapest

B

Madrid

Rome

Vienna

Amsterdam

Oslo

CopenhagenDublin

Sarajevo

Lisbon

BelfastEdinburgh

Cardiff

Ljubljana

Stockholm

He

Reykjavik

W

Brussels

Bern

Tirana

Valletta

bergaZ

avalsitarB

Oute

r Heb

rides

Highlands

Zealand

ShetlandIslands

OrkneyIslands

Jutland

FaroeIslands

Mont Blanc

Etna

Sardinia

Corsica

Cantabrian Mountains

SicilyP

Br i t tany

AL P S

I B E R I A N

P E N I N S U L A

Ap

e

nn

in

es

P E

P y r e n e e s

Balearic Islands

C a r

SC

AN

D

IN

A

MassifCentral

N O RT

Brit i shIs les

GreatBritain

B a e t i c M o u n t a i n s

R i v i e r a

Oder

Tagus

Rhine

Douro

Rho

ne

Seine

Loire

Elbe

Po

Danube

Vistu

l

Tisza

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avaS

Ebro

Da

nu

be

ATLaNTIC

OCEaN

Strait of Gibraltar

English Channel

Ba

lt

ic

Se

a

B a y o f

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SeaIonian

Sea

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t i cS

e a

No

rw

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ia

n

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a

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lf

of

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M e d i t e rr

an

ea

nS

POLANDG E R M A N Y

ITALY

N

O

R

W

A

Y

SW

ED

EN

UNITED

KINGDOM

S P A I N

F R A N C E

ICELAND

M

YUG

BOSNIA &

HERZEGOVINA

RUS

DENMARK

NETH.

CZECH REP.

AUSTRIA

IRELAND

CROATIA

PO

RT

UG

AL

SLOVENIASWITZ.

BELGIUM

HUNGARY

LIECH.

LUX.

SAN MARINO

VATICANCITY

ANDORRA

OCANOM

MALTA

SLOVA

KIA

ALBANIA

GIBRALTAR

A F R I C A

15,771 ft4,807 m

10,902 ft3,323 m

ARCTIC CIRCLE

MER

IDIA

NO

FG

REE

NW

ICH

(LO

ND

ON

)

N

60°N

70°N

50°N

30°W

20°W40°N

10°E10°W20°W30°W

40°W

0°

10°E10°W 0°

30°N


EUROPEPHYSICAL

400

4000

0

mi

km

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8

A

B

C

D

E

F

G

H

J

K



Moscow

Minsk

Kiev

Belgrade Bucharest

Baku

Sofia

Riga

Athens

Chisinau

Tallinn

Vilnius

Skopje

Helsinki

Warsaw

a

Nicosia

Crimea

KolaPeninsula

Elbrus

L a k eR e g i o n

Peloponnesus

RhodesCrete

North Cape

B A L K A N

P E N I N S U L A

C a r p a t h i a nM

oun t a i ns

C a u c a s u s M o u n t a i n s

Ca

sp

ia

n

D e p r e

ss

io

n

C E N T R A L

R U S S I A N

U P L A N D

UR

AL

MO

UN

TA

IN

S

NA

VI

A

TH

EU

RO

PE

A

N

PL

AI

N

Balkan Mountains

Dniester

Volg

a

Ural

Vistu

la

Tisza

Danube

Dniepe

r

Dn

ieper

Kam

a

Volga

O

ka

Don

Don

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Pechora

Northern Dvina

Da

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be

Lake

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LakeOnega

Dardanelles

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rus

Ca

sp

ia

n

Se

a

B l a c k S e a

B a r e n t s S e a

c

Se

a

n Aegean

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Sea ofMarmara

fof

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Wh

ite

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Gulf of Finland

Sea ofAzov

S e a

R U S S I A

D

B E L A R U S

R O M A N I A

GR

EE

C

E

K A Z A K H S T A N

YN

FI

NL

AN

D

U K R A I N E

LITHUANIA

GEORGIAAZERBAIJAN

MACED.

SERB.AND

MONT.A

RUSSIA

ESTONIA

L A T V I A

BULGARIA

Y

MOLDOVA

KIA

IAT U R K E Y

CYPRUS

A S I A

A S I A

Europe-Asiaboundary

18,510 ft

5,642 m

70°N30°E 40°E 70°E

60°N

50°N

80°E

70°E

60°E

50°E

30°E 40°E 50°E

40°N

30°N

9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16

9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16

A

B

C

D

E

F

G

H

J

K


RA00-RA30-TWIP Maps P1-860976 3/25/04 3:05 PM Page RA19

Sp.

Port.

Ang.

Mor.

U.K.

Port.

CongoN

iger

Za

mbezi

Senegal

White

Nile

Nile

Orange

Lake Turkana

Lake Chad

Suez Canal

Strait of Gibraltar

LakeTanganyika

LakeVictoria

LakeMalawi

LakeNasser

M e d i t er r a n e a n S e a

Re

d

Se

a

Gulf of Aden

Mozam

biq

ue

Channel

ATLaNTIC

OCEaN

ATLaNTIC

OCEaN

INDIaN

OCEaN

N

TROPIC OF CANCER

TROPIC OFCAPRICORN

EQUATOR

Boundaryin dispute

Boundaryclaimedby Sudan

Ascension

Cape of Good Hope

Sinai

Aswan High Dam

S A H A R A

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ya

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es

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t

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Madeira Islands

AT L A S M O U N TA I N S

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A L G E R I AL I B Y A

C H A D

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A

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Algiers Tunis

Tripoli

Dakar

Cairo

Kinshasa

Luanda

Addis Ababa

Nairobi

Dar es Salaam

Maputo

Conakry

Mogadishu

Cape Town

arccAnajdibA

Harare

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BanguiYaounde

Kampala

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AbujaFreetown

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Libreville

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Bujumbura

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ovo

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Banjul

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Johannesburg

acnalbasaC

Alexandria

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Port Said

Suez

Omdurman

Port Elizabeth

Kitwe

Durban

Ibadan

Constantine

KolweziLubumbashi

Douala

Marrakech

Laayoune

Tombouctou(Timbuktu)

30°W 20°W 10°W 0° 10°E 20°E 30°E 40°E50°E 60°E50°N50°N

40°N

20°N

0°

10°S

20°S

30°S

40°S50°E40°E30°E20°E10°E0°10°W20°W

40°S

30°S

20°S

10°S

0°

20°N

30°N

40°N

10°N

30°N


AFRICAPOLITICAL

1000

10000

0

mi

km

1 2 3 4 5 6 7

1 2 3 4 5 6 7

A

B

C

D

E

F

G

H

J

K

A

B

C

D

E

F

G

H

J

K



Wh

iteN

ile

Blue

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CongoN

iger

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Za

mbezi

Senegal

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ATLaNTIC

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INDIaN

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Victoria Falls

Suez Canal

Strait of Gibraltar

Lake Chad

LakeTanganyika

LakeVictoria

LakeTana

LakeMalawi

LakeTurkana

LakeAssal

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LakeNasser

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a

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nn

el

M e d i t er

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Gulf of

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TROPIC OF CANCER

TROPIC OFCAPRICORN

EQUATOR

N

Boundaryin dispute

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Dr a

ke

ns b

er g

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atR

ift

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y

Great Rift Valley

Great

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Na m

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SinaiCanaryIslands

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Ahaggar Mts.

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Cape of Good Hope Cape Agulhas

Virunga Mts.

Kilimanjaro

AscensionIsland

CapeVerde

S A H A R A

S A H E L

S U D A N

A T L A SM O U N T A I N S

Li b

ya

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es

er

t

U P P E R G U I N E A

C O N G O

B A S I NLO

WE

RG

UI

NE

A

KALAHARIDESERT

K a t a n g aP l a t e a u

Nouakchott

Bissau BamakoNiamey

Ouagadougou

Libreville

Malabo

Kigali

Lilongwe

Harare

Windhoek

Porto-N

ovoLom

e

Monrovia

DjiboutiN'Djamena

Banjul

Antananarivo

Sao Tome

Gaborone

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Moroni

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BanguiYaounde

Kampala

Lusaka

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Algiers Tunis

Tripoli

Cairo

Kinshasa

Luanda

Addis Ababa

Nairobi

Dar es Salaam

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Mogadishu

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najdibA

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N I G E R I A

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COTE

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ˆ

RIO MUNI

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CABINDA

19,340 ft5,895 m

-512 ft-156 m

14,787 ft4,507 m

E U R O P E

A S I A

30°W 20°W 10°W 0° 10°E 20°E 30°E 40°E50°E 60°E50°N50°N

40°N

30°N

20°N

0°

10°S

20°S

30°S

40°S50°E40°E30°E20°E10°E0°10°W20°W

40°S

30°S

20°S

10°S

0°

20°N

30°N

40°N

10°N


AFRICAPHYSICAL

1000

10000

0

mi

km

1 2 3 4 5 6 7

1 2 3 4 5 6 7

A

B

C

D

E

F

G

H

J

K

A

B

C

D

E

F

G

H

J

K



Brit. Ind. Oc. Terr.

India

In

Russ.

Yemen

Novosibirsk

Omsk

ChelyabinskIstanbul

Jeddah

Karachi

Mumbai

(Bombay)

Delhi

Chennai

(Madras)

Hyderabad

Bangalore

Bhopal

Jaipur

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Lahore

Almaty

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Riyadh

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New Delhi

Kabul

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P A L

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AR

CT

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OF CANCER

VNort

N

80°N

70°N

60°N

50°N

40°N

30°N

20°S

0°10°N

20°N

80°E70°E60°E50°E40°E

20°E

10°E

0°

10°W

20°W

30°E

0°

20°E

60°E80°E 100

Boundaryclaimedby India

A commonly accepted divisionbetween Asia and Europe—here

marked by a gray line—isformed by the Ural Mountains,

Ural River, Caspian Sea, CaucasusMountains, and the Black Seawith its outlets, the Bosporus

and the Dardanelles.

TWO-POINT EQUIDISTANT PROJECTION

ASIAPOLITICAL

1000

10000

0

mi

km

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8

A

B

C

D

E

F

G

H

J

K



India

India

Jap.

Jap.

Jap.

Jap.

Medan

Jambi

Quezon City

Ho Chi Minh City

Shanghai

Shenyang

Guangzhou

Chengdu

gnij

naN

Xian

Changchun

Kunming

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Fuzhou

Shijiazhuang

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Hiroshima

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)

Changsha

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uh

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Yangon

(Rangoon)

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Macau

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sk

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Kupang

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S H A N

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Kyushu

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TAIWAN

PHILIPPINES

SINGAPORE

TIMOR-LESTE(EAST TIMOR)

A U S T R A L I A

NORTH AMERICA

EQUATOR

TROPIC

OF CANCER

VNorth Pole

N

80°N

70°N

60°N

50°N

40°N

30°N

20°N

10°N

0°

10°S

20°S

100°E 120°E 130°E 140°E 150°E

160°E

170°E

180°

170°W

160°W

100°E120°E

160°E

180°

110°E

Boundaryclaimedby China

The People's Republic of China claimsTaiwan as its 23rd province.

9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16

9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16

A

B

C

D

E

F

G

H

J

K



TROPIC

OF

CANCER

Ob

O

b

Ob

Ural

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Europe-Asiaboundary

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N

VNorth80°N

70°N

60°N

50°N

40°N

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0°10°N

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80°E70°E60°E50°E40°E

20°E

10°E

0°

10°W

20°W

30°E

0°

20°E

40°E

60°E80°E 100

TWO-POINT EQUIDISTANT PROJECTION

ASIAPHYSICAL

1000

10000

0

mi

km

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8

A

B

C

D

E

F

G

H

J

K



Lena

Lena

L

ena

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Yellow

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24,790 ft7,556 m

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NORTH AMERICA

EQUATOR

TROPIC

OF CANCER

N

VNorth Pole80°N

70°N

60°N

50°N

40°N

30°N

20°N

10°N

0°

10°S

20°S

100°E 110°E120°E

130°E 140°E

150°E

160°E

170°E

180°

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100°E120°E

160°E

180°

9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16

9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16

A

B

C

D

E

F

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Boundary claimedby Sudan

40°E30°E20°E10°E

40°N

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See inset below

1000 km

1000 mi

N

30°E

30°N

MediterraneanSea

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Dead Sea

Sea of Galilee

Jordan River

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eR

iver

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1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8

A

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40°N

30°N

20°N

60°E 70°E50°E

TROPIC OF CANCER

40°E 50°E

�

A R A B I A NP E N I N S U L A

Rub al Khali(Empty Quarter)

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MIDDLE EASTPHYSICAL / POLITICAL

500

5000

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mi

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9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16

9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16

A

B

C

D

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F

G

H

J

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1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8

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45°N

30°N

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150°W165°W 135°W 120°W 105°W 90°W 75°W

0°

MILLER CYLINDRICAL PROJECTION

PACIFICRIM

PHYSICAL/POLITICAL

1500

15000

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mi

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9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16

9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16

A

B

C

D

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0°

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90°W150°W

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180°

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ARCTICOCEAN

PHYSICAL

800

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South Pole

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EL

LS

WO

RT

HL

AN

D

A N T A R C T I C A

ANTARCTICPENINSULA

GRAH

AM

LAND PALMER LAND

Vinson Massif

Mt. Jackson

Bentley Subglacial Trench

ValkyrieDome

TalosDome

DomeCirce

South Orkney Is.

BerknerIslandAlexander I.

Roosevelt I.

Ross I.Mt. Erebus

SouthShetland

Islands

12,448 ft

3,794 m

16,067 ft

4,897 m

13,747 ft

4,190 m

-8,327 ft

-2,538 m

S o u t h

P a c i f i c

O c e a n

S o u t h

A t l a n t i c

O c e a n

I n d i a n

O c e a n

I n d i a n

O c e a n

We d d e l l

S e a

R o s s

S e a

BellingshausenSea

RossIce

Shelf

RonneIce

Shelf

FilchnerIce Shelf

Ruser-LarsenIce Shelf

Amery Ice Shelf

WestIce Shelf

ShackletonIceShelf

LarsenIce Shelf

Ice ShelfFimbul

60°E

75°E

90°E

105°E

120°E

135°E150°E

165°E180°

165°W150°W

135°W

120°W

105°W

90°W

75°W

60°W

45°W30°W 15°W 0° 15°E 30°E

45°E

70°S

60°S


ANTARCTICAPHYSICAL

600

6000

0

mi

km

1 2 3 4 5 6 7

1 2 3 4 5 6 7

A

B

C

D

E

F

G

H

J

K

A

B

C

D

E

F

G

H

J

K



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