ipqrkI swijS dw ibrqWq: ah qW prI sI -...
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ipqrkI swijS dw ibrqWq: auh qW prI sI
fw. pRYtI soFI∗
bIqI sdI ivc nwrI dmn iek soSx Aqy ivSv ivAwpI vrqwrw hox kwrn nwrIvwd
dw pRBwv Kyqr kw&I ivAwpk Aqy qIbr irhw hY[ Awpxy smwijk, ieiqhwisk Aqy isDWqk
pirpyKW smyq BwvyN ieh icMqn Aqy cyqnw pC̀m ivc auBrI pr iesdy srokwrW Aqy soJIAW ny
swry smwjW Aqy siBAwcwrW nUM Awpxy klyvr ivc ilAw[ nwrIvwdI swihq icMqn nwmkrn dy
p`K qoN jYNfr ADwirq icMqn hox dw sMkyq idMdw hY[1 ieh mrd hox dIAW swrIAW ivl`KxqwvW
nUM rd̀ krdw idRStIgocr huMdw hY pRqMU iesqoN vI A`gy idlcsp nukqw ieh hY ik ieh AOrq hox
dIAW vI swrIAW prMprk ivl`KxqwvW nUM nkwr idMdw hY[ iesdy isDWqk cOKty muqwibk iek
AOrq nUM ausdIAW ivl`KxqwvW, ausdI siQqI ivc kYd kr idMdIAW hn Aqy ausdI AwpxI
pRikrqI dI sImw nUM AiqvwdI FMg nwl sImwbD̀ kr idMdIAW hn[ Awm Dwrnw ieh hY ik AOrq
Awpxy srIr dIAW v`K-vK̀ gRMQIAW dy sihXog nwl socdI hY, pRqMU mrd ies g`l nUM iblkul
Bu`l jWdw hY ik ausdI AwpxI srIrk rcnw ivc vI gRMQIAW hn[ auh Awpxy srIr nUM jgq
nwl isD̀y qOr qy sbMDq krdw hY Aqy ieh ivSvwS krdw hY ik auh jgq nUM vsqUpUrk rUp nwl
smJdw hY, jdoN ik auh AOrq dy srIr nUM AjIbo grIb sImwvW dy kwrn boJl mihsUs krdw
hY[2
ArsqU ny AOrq dI pirBwSw ies pRkwr id`qI sI ik AOrq kuJ guxW dIAW kmIAW dy
kwrn hI AOrq bxdI hY[3 ausdw ieh ivcwr prMprk hox dy bwvjUd vI AwDuink nwrIvwdI
icMqn dI hoNd qy auqpMn hox ivc pRqIikirAwvwdI BUimkw Adw krdw hY[ ies ivcwr dy
Anuswr AOrq dI siQqI nw kyvl hwSIAwgRsq bxdI hY blik ausdI pirBwSw vI mrd dy
pRsMg ivc hI kIqI jWdI hY[ lYvIsqRws Awpxy mh`qvpUrn AiBAwn ivc pRcIn smwjW dy keI
pRkwrW dw vrxn krdy hoey ieh is`tw k`Fdw hY ik pRikrqk hwlq nwl siBAwcwr dI rwh ieh
d`sdI hY ik iesdw inrmwx AwdmI dI Kmqw nwl hoieAw hY[ ies nzrIey qoN mrd dI pRBUqw
nUM nw kyvl sQwpqI dw bhwnw imldw hY blik ‘bwkIAW nUM’ gOx rUp ivc pyS krn dw rwh vI
sOKw ho jWdw hY[4 svwl ieh pYdw huMdw hY ik auh ikhVy kwrn hn ijnHW krky AOrq mrd dI
pRBUqw dw ivroD nhIN krdI[ jykr AOrq nUM pqI dI AwigAwkwrI vI mMn ilAw jwvy qW vI ieh
∗ muKI, post grYjUeyt pMjwbI ivBwg, AYm.jI.AYs.AYm. jnqw kwlj, krqwrpur[
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svwl brkrwr rihMdw hY ik AijhI AwigAwkwr hox dI Bwvnw aus ivc kdoN pYdw hoeI? ies
pRkwr bhu-igxqI G`t-igxqI auqy Awpxw AiDkwr sQwpq krky zulm dI SurUAwq krdI hY qW
ies pRikRAw nUM vI AOrq dy pRsMg ivc smJxw munwisb nhIN hovygw, ikauNik AOrq iblkul vI
G`t igxqI ivc Swml nhIN huMdI[ auh ies dunIAw dI AbwdI dw 50% ih`sw hY[ jykr AOrq
dI auprokq siQqI dw kwrn pRikriqk vI mMn ilAw jwvy qW vI ieh qbdIlI dI sMBwvnw qoN
pryH ho jWdI hY[ auh Awpxy Awp nUM AijhI ZYr zrUrI vsqU mMndI hY jo kdy vI lwzmI nhIN ho
pwvygI[ hYrwnIjnk nukqw ieh hY ik ies dunIAw ivc nsl, jwq, rMg, Drm, iK`qy Aqy
BwSwvW dy AwDwr qy qW smUh bxy hoey hn Aqy ie`QoN q`k ik ienHW swry vrgW dy AwDwr au`qy keI
nvyN rwStr vI hoNd ivc Awey hn prMqU A`j q`k iek vI dyS ilMg dy AwDwr qy inrimq nhIN ho
sikAw[5 ikhw jw skdw hY ik bwkI smUhW vWg AOrq dI iek smUh vjoN pirklpnw krn qoN
pihlW iek vwr dubwrw socx dI loV hY[ AOrq dw nw koeI AqIq hY, nw koeI ieiqhws, nw
koeI Drm hY Aqy nw hI koeI sMgiTq dunIAw dI hoNd hY[ AOrqW dy ivc smUihkqw dI Bwvnw dI
kmI dy kuJ kwrn hn[ smUh dI qulnw ivc AOrq iek`lI Aqy mrdW dy ivckwr ibKry hoey rUp
ivc pweI jWdI hY, dunIAw ivc iek smUh Awpxy ivroDI smUh nUM pUrI qrHW Kqm krn bwry soc
skdw hY[ imswl vjoN nIgro goirAW qoN qMg Aw ky aunHW dI nsl nUM ies dunIAw qoN imtwaux dI
ie`Cw r`K skdy hn[ AOrq dI sm`isAw ieh hY ik auh mrd nUM pUrI qrHW ^qm kr dyx dI
klpnw vI nhIN kr skdI[ ies krky ieh ikhw jw skdw hY ik AOrq mrd ivclw AMqr
vwsqv ivc iek jYivk qQ̀ hY, ieiqhws dI koeI Gtnw nhIN[6
iesqoN A`gy svwl auTdw hY ik jykr AOrq mrd dw sbMD ienw prspr hY qW ies
pRsMg ivc AOrq nUM kuJ suivDwvW imlxIAW cwhIdIAW hn ijvyN mwlk Aqy Zulwm dy irSqy ivc
vI mwlk duAwrw Zulwm nUM kuJ suivDwvW dyxIAW pYNdIAW hn pRqMU ivfMbxwqmk siQqI ieh hY ik
AOrq nUM Zulwm vwlIAW suivDwvW vI auplbD nhIN hn[ auh hmySW mrd auqy hI inrBr rihMdI
hY[ gulwm hox dy bwvjUd vI ausnUM mrd dy nwl smg̀r rUp ivc dunIAw sWJI krn dw h`k iml
nhIN pwauNdw[ ieh vI smiJAw jWdw sI ik AwriQk suqMqrqw AOrq nUM ausdy bxdy h̀k
idvwaux ivc s&l hovygI pRMqU Aijhw aus rUp ivc nhIN vwpirAw ijsdw AMdwzw lgwieAw
igAw sI[ AwriQk rUp ivc sMpMn hox dy kwrn AOrq dI cox dw dwierw qW viDAw hY pRqMU
irSqy dI pRikrqI nhIN bdlI[7 AmIr AOrq mrd nUM iek vsqU vWg qW vrq skdI hY pRqMU
AOrq mrd dy brwbr irSqy ivc ausdw sQwn dUjYlw hI rihMdw hY ikauNik jdoN dUsrI iDr vsqU
qoN mrd dy rUp ivc AwpxI BUimkw bdldI hY qW iPr pihlW vwlI sm`isAw swhmxy Aw KloNdI
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hY[ ies krky AOrq dI AwriQk Awqm inrBrqw dI BRWqI dw ivBMjn ho cuk̀w hY[ ies pRsMg
ivc sB qoN jitl svwl ieh hY ik iPr auh ikhVy mu`dy hn jo ik nwrIvwdI SwSqr nUM Tos
AwDwr pRdwn krdy hn[ nwrIvwdI icMqn dw ivkws ies Dwrnw nUM pyS krdw hY ik nwrI nUM
mrd dy pRkrx ivc smJx dI bjwey ausdy Awpxy mOilk pirpyK ivc smJxw hovygw[ ies
vwsqy mrd pRDwn smwj dIAW smu`cIAW DwrnwvW nUM r`d krky nwrI kyNdirq DwrnwvW dw
inrmwx krnw pvygw[ nwrIvwdI icMqk bYtI PRIfn dI pusqk dw PYiminn imsitkPYiminn imsitkPYiminn imsitkPYiminn imsitk dI ieh
it`pxI -
“The highest value and only commitment for women in the fulfilment of their own
feminity.”
auprkq sUqr dI hI vzwhq krdI hY[ AOrq mrd dy smwn drjw hwsl krn dI
Dwrnw kuJ iek SMikAW nUM jnm idMdI hY[ sB qoN pihlW SMkw ieh hY ik smwn hox dI siQqI
ivc AOrq mrd dy irSqy dw vyg Aqy ^UbsUrqI ^qm ho jwvygI[ pihlI nzr qoN auprkq pRSn
icMnH munwisb zrUr jwpdw hY pRqMU drAsl Aijhw nhIN hY[ ijQoN q`k irSqy dI KUbsUrqI dw
svwl hY qW mrd pRBUqw vwlI sUJ sMvydnw vwsqv ivc Awqm mUrSw dI siQqI hY[ ie`Qy ieh
smJx dI koiSS kIqI jwxI cwhIdI hY ik AOrq mrd ivcly sbMD irSqy dI pUrv inSicq
pirBwSw dy muQwj nhIN hn[ ienHW sbMDW dw Awpxw iek suqMqr vjUd hY Aqy AOrq mrd dI
smwnqw dy bwvzUd ieh suqMqr vzUd kdI vI ^qm nhIN ho skdw[ drAsl smwnqw dw ieh
ArQ iblkul nhIN hY ik iesqrI purS dy drimAwn vwprn vwly sbMDW nUM nkwirAw jwvy[
svwl qW AOrq dI AwpxI mOilkqw nUM jIx dw hY[ nwrIvwd icMqn ieh vI svIkwr krdw hY ik
AOrq Aqy mrd dy drimAwn kuJ mOilk iviBMnqwvW kdI Kqm nhIN ho skdIAW[ ies krky
AOrq nUM mrd vwlI AzwdI dyx dI bjwey aus dy nwrIqv nUM gOrvmeI rUp ivc AMikq krnw hI
v`fI pRwpqI hovygI[9 Anykqw ivc eykqw dw isDWq aunw hI shI hY ijMnw ik eykqw ivc
Anykqw dw isDWq pRmwixk hY[ ivkisq AvsQw ivc nwrIvwdI icMqn eykqw ivc Anykqw dy
isQWq dw hI Anusrx krdw hY[
swihq nwrIvwdI icMqn dy ivkws dw Aihm mwiDAm irhw hY[ ivhwrk rUp ivc ies
icMqn dy sMdrB ivc bdldIAW mwnqwvW dI SurUAwq swihiqk ikrqW ny hI kIqI hY[ AOrq dy
suhj suAwd Aqy sMvydnwvW v`KrIAW hox kwrn mrd muKI swihq dy pRqIkrm vjoN nwrIvwdI
swihq Asiqqv ivc AwauNdw hY[ muFly rUp ivc Aijhw swihq BwvyN Bwvukqw Aqy rumWs qoN
au`pr nhIN au`Tdw pRMqU bwAd ivc jw ky keI lyiKkwvW ny AOrq dy bhuprqI srUp nUM auGwVn dI
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koiSS kIqI hY[ pRcilq Dwrnw muqwibk ieh smiJAw jWdw hY ik AOrq hI AOrq nUM smJ
skdI hY[ ies nzrIey qoN vI swihq lyiKkwvW dI BUimkw kwPI Aihm bx jWdI hY[ ienHW
lyiKkwvW ny nwrI dy mwnisk jgq dy aus mrm nUM pyS kIqw hY jo ik vrqmwn smyN ivc swihq
dI dunIAW dIAW A`KW qoN auhly hI irhw hY[ ies nvyN jgq dw AwBws krvwaux ivc pMjwbI
glp jgq dIAW lyiKkwvW dy vI nwvW dw Sumwr huMdw hY[ ienHW ivcoN dlIp kOr itvwxw ny ivSyS
sMdrB ivc nwrI dI aupyiKAw nUM AMikq kIqw hY[
auh qW prI sIauh qW prI sIauh qW prI sIauh qW prI sI dlIp kOr itvwxw dw 28vW nwvl hY[ ieh nwvl dw nwmkrx
nwrIvwdI pirpyK ivc fUMGy ArQW dw DwrnI hY[ ies isrlyK jYNfr AwDwirq icMqn v`l sMkyq
krdw hY jo ik inSicq rUp ivc nwrI kyNdirq hY[ drSn, ieiqhws dy smwj ivc nwrI dy vI
lokySn dy pRkrn, pojISn Aqy rwjnIqIAW ies icMqn dw kyNdrI mu`dw hY[ ies pRsMg ivc
nwvl dy isrlyK dw sMklp ienw gRihxXog bx jWdw hY ik hr pwTk ieh smJdw hY ik auh
nwrIvwdI icMqn dy mMqvW, mu`idAW qy audySW qoN BlI BWq vwkP hI nhIN sgoN bwhroN bwhr iesdw
smrQk vI hY[ nwvl dI SurUAwq prI jwpx vwlI nwiekw aurvSI dI Awqmh`iqAw qoN huMdI
hY[ nwvl dy ies mu`K pwqr dw ArMB ivc hI ^qm ho jwxw ausdI hoNd dI AOkwq nUM
ivfMbxwqmk idRStIkox qoN pyS krdw hY[ purSW duAwrw Awpxy leI rwKvyN kIqy smwj ivc
AOrq hox dw sur`iKAw rihxw nwvl dy muqwibk nw-mumikn jwpdw hY[ aurvSI dy duKWq dw mUl
ieh hY ik ausdI AwpxI koeI hoNd nhIN[ ausdw vjUd hmySW dUsirAW dy Asiqqv dy sMdrB
ivc hI ivsqwr Dwrn krdw hY[ nwvlkwr ny sucyq p`Dr au`qy prI l`gx vwlI mu`K pwqr dw
nwm aurvSI r`iKAw hY[ siQqI dw ivAMg ieh hY ik imiQhws ivc svrgW ivc rihx vwlI
iesqrI dw ipCokV hwsl krn dy bwvjUd vI aurvSI AwpxI jUn k`tdI nzr AwauNdI hY[
nwvl ivclw hyT iliKAw vyrvw aurvSI dI hoNd qy inrBr hox sbMDI Aihm surwg idMdw hY:
iek idn TMf kwrn auh nhwaux qoN kqrw rhI sI qW frdI AwKx l`gI, “qYnUM pqY jl
dyvqw iek vwrI r`b kol h`Q bMnH ky KV igAw AwKy hy pRBU mYN lokW dI hmySW mYl hI
DoNdw rhWgw? qW r`b ny ausnUM AwiKAw hy! jl dyvqw jdoN vI koeI bMdw ipMfy auqy pwxI
pweygw qW auh qYnUM zrUr Xwd krygw qy ieauN myrw nwm lvygw[ ausdy ies pRBU ismrn
dw A`Dw Pl jl dyvqw qYnUM imlygw[ qUM pRBU ismrn dw kwrn jU bxygw[ dwdI dI ieh
g`l suxn qoN mgroN nhwauxw aurvSI leI inrHW ipMfy pwxI pwauxw nhIN sI rih igAw[10
aprokq vyrvw ismon dI boieAW dI pusqk dw sYkyNf sYksdw sYkyNf sYksdw sYkyNf sYksdw sYkyNf sYks ivclI aukqI, ‘‘‘‘a women
is not born one but rather becomes one’ pmwixq krdw hY[11 aurvSI dI mwniskqw dw
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inrmwx iek dUsrI AOrq jo ik irSqy ivc ausdI dwdI hY vl̀oN ADIngI nUM kyNdrI Durw bxw ky
kIqw jWdw hY[ ies kyNdrI Dury dw buinAwdI AwDwr ilMg ivqkrw hY ijsny swrIAW mwnisk
Aqy smwijk byqrqIbIAW nUM jnm id`qw hY[ qRwsdI dI is^r ieh hY ik aurvSI dy prI dy
smwnwrQk drzw gRihx krn dy bwvjUd vI smwj dw aus pRqI ADIngI vwlw ivvhwr mn&I
nhIN huMdw ArQwq aus ivc other dI QW subject bxd dI sMBwvnw aujwgr nhIN huMdI[
auh qW prI sIauh qW prI sIauh qW prI sIauh qW prI sI nwvl ivc aurvSI nUM ilMg dy nukqw-ingwh qoN pRBwiSq hox leI ilMg
dI muQwjI Jl̀xI pYNdI hY[ AwpxI dwdI dI mOq auprMq ausdw sMbwd rcwaux dw ieko iek
mwiDAm vI ^qm ho jWdw hY[ pRqMU dwdI dw vjUd ausdI Awqmw dy Dur q`k ienw gihrw bYTw
hoieAw hY ik auh dwdI dy jwx qoN bwAd ausdI smuc̀I BUimkw Dwrn krn dI koiSS krdI hY[
ausnUM dwdI dI nyk nwmI vwsqy id`qI slwh bwr-bwr cyqy AwauNdI hY[ dwdI aurvSI vwsqy
bRoihmMfI XQwrQ nUM smJx dw AnuBvI imiQhwsk sRoq hY[12 aus duAwrw pRsquq kIqIAW pRMprk
DwrnwvW aurvSI nUM ipqrkI dy rUp ivc nwrI dy dmn Aqy soSx leI kwrjSIl SkqI
sMrcnwvW nUM smJx leI Tos AMqr-idRStIAW pRdwn krdIAW hn[ dwdI dw sUJ SwSqr vI
A`gy jw ky aurvSI dI Awqm-h`iqAw dy Awswr vI pYdw krdw hY[ iesdI qulnw ivc aurvSI
dIAW bwkI do BYxW ryKw Aqy mohxI aurvSI dI duKWq qoN iek iv`Q auqy bYTIAW hoeIAW nzr
AwauNdIAW hn[ lyiKkw ny ienHW iqMnW pwqrW dy qulnwqmk pirpyK rwhIN AOrq dI hoxI nUM
inSicq krn vwly pRpMcW nUM aujwgr kIqw hY[ vwsqivkqw ieh hY ik ieh swry pRpMc mrd
pRBUqw duAwrw AOrq dy iKlw& swzSI rUp ivc isrjy gey hn[ ienHW smu`cy pRpMcW ivcoN nwrI dI
pCwx gYrhwzr hY[ nwrI dI puSq dr puSq cldI gulwmI aurvSI dy rUp ivc qIsrI pIVHI q̀k
phuMcdI hY[ iesqoN pUrv ausdI dwdI dI soc Aqy ausdy ipE duAwrw krvwey gey do ivAwh
ADIngI dI ies Ku&IAw pRMprw nUM jwrI r`Kdy hn[ mwmlw ieh hY ik aurvSI svY dI Awqm
pCwx sbMDI pUrI qrHW sucyq hY[ iesdy ivprIq ies nwvl dy bwkI swry nwrI pwqr ijnHW ivc
ausdI mW sIqw dyvI, dwdI, do BYxW Aqy ausdI BrjweI Swml hn cyqnw dy sMkt dw iSkwr
jwpdy hn[ AigAwnqw dy vr dI pRwpqI dy kwrn hI aurvSI qoN ielwvw bwkI swry nwrI pwqr
duKWq dy BwgI nhIN bxdy[ drAsl aurvSI ivclw prI boD hI ausdI hoNd dy Kwqmy dw mu`K
kwrn bxdw hY[ ausnUM ies g`l dw qIbr Aihsws hY ik aus vrgI nwrI dw smu`cw dyh ivDwn
Aqy ausdI isrjx smr`Qw ausnUM iek v`Krw Awqm idMdI hY ijsdI pCwx hoxI AiqAMq zrUrI
hY[ Awpxy ipE smyq ausnUM swry mrd Aijhw purK pRDwn pYrwfweIm isrjdy idRStIgocr huMdy
hn jo nwrI dy ivl`Kx vjUd nUM nzr AMdwz krn vwsqy byh`d qqpr hn[ ausnUM Awpxw svY
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Aqy AwpxI dwdI iksy vI purK nwloN bRihmMfI irdmW nwl vDyry juVI hoeI mihsUs huMdI hY[
imswl vjoN hyT iliKAw glpI vyrvw pyS kIqw jw skdw hY:-
aurvSI ijvyN swnUM BulyKw hY ik siqXug, qRyqw duAwpr qy kilXug v`Kry v`Kry kwlKMfW dy
nwm ny ieauN nhIN sgoN hr iek smyN ivc swry kwlKMf ivdmwn huMdy hn[ kuVIAW qy
prIAW ieko DrqI qy rihMdy hoey v`KrIAW-v`KrIAW jUnW Bog rhINAW huMdIAW hn[ “v`fI
mW AijhIAW g`lW qW swfy pRoPYsrW nUM vI nhIN AwauNdIAW, ijho ijhIAW qUM d`s idMdI
eyN” aurvSI KuS ho ky bolI, “Aj̀ kl̀ qW kI pRoPYsrW nUM svwh AwauNdw, sB kuJ qW
ikqwbW ivcoN hI is`Kdy ny[” 13
ies qrHW auprokq glpI vyrvw purS ivdvqW dy prKcy aufwauNdw hoieAw nwrI nUM cyqnw
dy p`Dr au`qy iek pUrn dyh vjoN pirBwiSq krdw hY[ ieQy hYln isksos (Hellen Cixous) dw
nwrI nUM vDyry dyh (Body more) dw sMklp Xwd AwauNdw hY[14 aurvSI vWg nwrI ivc pr nUM
pCwnx dw jmWdrU gux hY[ auh ivroDW, ivl`KxqwvW Aqy vKryivAW nUM sihjy hI smyt lYNdI hY[
aurvSI nUM jwpdw hY ik iprqkI pRbMd ivc pRc`ilq ivroDI ju`tW ijvyN AOrq-mrd, pRikrqI
sMsikRqI, ipqw-mwqw, idmwg idl, Akrmk skrmk Awid ivc mrd leI hW-muKI ivroDI
jutW ivcoN aupijAw pwT hI smwijk sMrcnw dIAW swrIAW qrqIbW ivc mrd SkqI nUM kyNdr
ivc r`Kdw hY Aqy AOrq nUM other jW Negative bxw idMdw hY[ ies pRsMg ivc aurvSI dy prI
hox dI ie`Cw dw sMkyq ausdw nwrI dI dyh nUM bhu-p`KI gOrv idvwaux dw iek auprwlw bxky
swhmxy AwauNdw hY[ imswl vjoN:-
v`fI mW dyvqy Awm kuVIAW nwl vI SwdI kr lYNdy ny? aurvSI ny pu`iCAw ipCoN AweI
ryKw iKliKlw ky h`s peI qy AKx l`gI v`fI mW aurvSI dIdI dw mqlb hY ik koeI
dyvqw aus vrgI Awm kuVI nwl vI SwdI kr lYNdw hY? aurvSI koeI Awm kuVI nhIN
dwdI ny AwiKAw sI qy auh dwdI mr geI sI[15
sp`St hY ik aurvSI ivc b`cw jnx dI smrQ̀w ausnUM nwrIqv dI isrjxwqmk
ivSySqw dw Aihsws krvwauNdI hY ies dI vjHw nwl hI auh Awpxy Awp nUM dyviqAW dy smwn
prI hox dI pirklpnw vI krdI hY[ aus vwsqy ieh Aihsws ienHw ivSwl hY ik ausdI dyh
ivcoN gujry PlYS, KuSI, gmI Aqy jIvn mOq dI AMqr spysqw nUM aulMG jWdy hn Aqy ausdI dyh
ivc bRihmMfI SkqIAW, sMgIq, siBAwcwr Aqy ieiqhws cux cunwaux lgdy hn[ aurvSI dI
BYx mohnI dw GrylU ivroD dy bwvzUd inrml nwl pRym pRkrx dI aurvSI vwsqy pRyrxw sRoq bxn
dI bjwie lokW dI qoey qoey dw kwrn bxdw hY[ ies vwsqy AwpxI hoxI nUM bdlxw aus leI
7
nw-mumikn ho jWdw hY[ mohxI dI krnI dIAW g`lW jdoN aurvSI nUM suxnIAW pYNdIAw hn qW aus
dy idlo idmwZ ivc dwdI dw pRBwv hor vI p`kw ho jWdw hY[ nwvlkwr ny aurvSI nUM mu`K pwqr
vjoN ies krky hI isrijAw hY ikauNik auh cwroN qrPoN dbwau dw iSkwr hY[ ies dbwau dI
idSw aurvSI pRqI iekrwr hox kwrn ies dw ist̀w Gwqk ho inbVdw hY[ ausdI mwnvI smwj
nwl vwbsqrI kyvl iek vrqI jwx vwlI cIz vjoN ho ky rih jWdI hY[ ieQy m`uK pwqr dw
nwmkrx aurvSI v`joN krnw hI nwvlkwr vloN kIqw Aihm sMkyq hY[ imiQhwsk pRkrxW ivc
aurvSI AijhI Apsrw hY ijsdw pRXojn dyviqAW dy mn nUM luBwauxw hY[ dUsry SbdW ivc auh
aunHW vwsqy mnorMjn dI vsqU hY[ ies vsqU qoN A`gy ivAkqIqv bxn dw koeI ibrqWq
ieiqhws ivc nhIN[ dUsry SbdW ivc imiQhwsk sMdrB ivc vI aurvSI nUM dyviqAW dy smwn
drjw kdI pRwpq nhIN hoieAw[ nwrIvwdI icMqn dI sB qoN v`fI sm`isAw ieh hY ik nwrI nUM
kdI vI Awpxy ilMg Anuswr koeI AnukUl nwm nhIN idq̀w igAw[ ies nwvl ivc aurvSI dw
mu`K pwqr vI ieiqhwsk loV leI isrijAw Aijhw rUpk hY ijs dw koeI mwnvI hvwlw nhIN[
ies glpI rcnw ivc aurvSI dI soc dw sB qoN iBAMkr ih`sw ieh hY ik jdoN auh AwpxI hoNd
nUM mUlvwdI ArQW ivc smJx dI koiSS krdI hY[ ies koiSS dy rwhIN hI auh lgwqwr
ipqrkI dy jwl ivc aulJdI jWdI hY Aqy AMq ivc Awqm-h`iqAw dy duKWq dI BwgI bxdI hY[
pirvwr dy mYNbrW duAwrw ausdy mn ivc ieh Brm pwilAw hY ik auh prI hY[ hYrwnIjnk FMg
nwl ies pRsMg ivc aurvSI dI sMvydnSIlqw hI ausdI cyqnw sMkt bx jWdI hY[ auh smwj
duAwrw pRdwn kIqI prI hox dI Dwrnw dw punr ivSlySx nhIN krdI sgoN sihjy hI iek
CVXMqr dw inSwnw bx jWdI hY[ Gr dy vwsqy kurbwnI dyx dw Aihsws vI ies CVXMqr dw
hI iek ih`sw hY[ drAsl ausnUM prI hox dI BwSw ausdy mwnisk Avcyqn ny hI id`qI hY[
ieQoN ieh vI swbq huMdw hY ik nwvlkwr Anuswr nwrI mn dw Avcyqn ausdI ADIngI vwsqy
sB qoN izAwdw izMmyvwr hY[ aurvSI dw Avcyqn mYtrnwilMguAw (nwrI BwSw) dI bjwie
pYtrIAn sYrmo (ipqr BwSw) dw Anusrx krdw hY[16 ausdw ipqr BwSw mn dI cuxOqI
svIkwr krn dy smr`Q hY jW ies qoN Axjwx ieh iek Kul̀Hw svwl hY pr ieh inSicq zrUr
hY ik ausdw Avcyqn prMprk dwierw qoV ky nvIAW BwSweI ivauNqW isrjdw idRStIgocr nhIN
huMdw[ ies nzrIey qoN aus dw smrpx aus dI sB qoN v`fI kmzorI hY[ siQqI dI ivfMbxw vI
ieh hY ik ieh smrpx aus au`qy nYiqkqw dw hvwlw dy ky Awroipq kIqw igAw hY[ ies vwsqy
jdoN aurvSI dw mu`K pwqr AwpxI smr`Qw qoN vDyry smripq hox dI koiSS krdw hY qW burI
qrHW AsPl ho jWdw hY[ nwvl dy AMq ivc aurvSI dI BrjweI vl̀oN ausdw irSqw iek vfyrI
8
aumr dy muMfy nwl krn dw pRsqwv r`iKAw jWdw hY[ aurvSI dI AsihmqI dw bwvjUd vI aus
au`qy aus lVky nwl ivAwh krn dw dbwA pwieAw jWdw hY prMqU aurvSI dI hwlq smJx qoN
bwAd auh lVkw aus dI BlweI vwsqy ivAwh qoN ienkwr kr idMdw hY[ ies vrqwry ivco nwrI
cyqnw dw iek nvW sUqr auGV ky swhmxy AwauNdw hY prMqU duKWq ieh hY ik ieh sUqr vI nwrI
dy gOx Asiqqv nUM hI pyS krdw hY[ ies sUqr muqwibk nwrI purS dy prMprk ivroDI
smIkrx r`d ho jWdy hn Aqy mrd dI AOrq pRqI hmdrdI vwlI nvIn Bwvnw dw AvISkwr
huMdw hY[ vwsqv ivc ql^ hkIkq ieh hY ik ies hmdrdI vwlI Bwvnw dI ip`T BUmI ivc vI
purS vl̀oN Kud nUM srv-auc̀ is`D krn dw Xqn hI kwrjSIl hY[
9
hvwly Aqy it`pxIAWhvwly Aqy it`pxIAWhvwly Aqy it`pxIAWhvwly Aqy it`pxIAW::::
1. Maggihumm, The Dictionary of Feminist Theory, Ohio State University Press,
Columbus, 1995, p.251.
2. U Narayanan, Dislocating Cultures: Identity, Traditions and third-world
Feminism, Routledge, New York, 1957, p. 44
3. Simone de Beauvior, The Second Sex, Hind Pocket Books, New Delhi, 2002, p.78.
4. Parol Gilligan, In a difference Voice, Howard University Press, Cambridge, 1982,
p.11.
5. Tania Modleski: Feminism Without Women: Culture and Criticism in a Post-
feminist age, Routledge, New York, 1915, p.3.
6. Toril Moi (Ed.), The Kristena Reader, Basil Blackwell, New York, 1987, p.20.
7. August Vebel, Women Under Socialism, University Press of the Pacific, 2004,
p.30.
8. As quoted by Simone de Beauvoir, p.103.
9. Chilla Bulbeck, Re-orienting Western Feminism: Women’s Diversity in a Post-
Colonial world, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 1997, p.98.
10. dlIp kOr itvwxw, auh qW prI sIauh qW prI sIauh qW prI sIauh qW prI sI, lokgIq pRkwSn, cMfIgVH, 2003, pMnw 16.
11. Simone de Beauvoir, The Second Sex, p.178
12. auhIauhIauhIauhI, pMnw 11
13. auhIauhIauhIauhI, pMnw 12
14. Wendy Mc Elory, Liberty for Women: Freedom and feminism in the 21st Cent.,
U.B.C. Press, 2006, p.63.
15. auhIauhIauhIauhI, pMnw 14
16. Ibid, p.65
Related Websites:
1. www.thefword.org.uk
2. www.conservapedia.com
3. thinkprogress.org
4. www.ctpost.com
5. www.brispanetimes.com
