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ekxsZ ;fn Hkoku~ defi tua thoa ok ladVs i';fr rfgZ Hkor% eu% d#.k;k nzfora tk;rsA vfi p ;fn Hkoku~ dk#f.kd% vfLr rfgZ rq rL; lgk;rkefi

djksfrA oLrqr% ijksidkjk; lrka foHkwr;%A ekuothous ijksidkjL; vfregRoefLrAv;a xq.k% ekuoku~ i'kqH;% i`Fkd~ djksfrA çLrqrikBs foØekfnR;L; ijksidkjHkkouk;k%fo"k;s mYys[k% vfLrA ,dnk jkT;s Hkzeu~ foØekfnR;% ,dsu if{kek/;esu dL;fpn~jk{klL; u`'kalrka czkã.kL; foo'krka p v'k`.kksr~A l% rL; d"Vkfu okj.kkFkZe~vkReksRlx± —Rok çtkuka dY;k.ke~ vdjksr~A thous fo"keifjfLFkfr"kq ^fda dj.kh;e~fda p u dj.kh;e~ bfr fo"k;s vL;ke~ dFkk;ke~ o;e~ iBke%A

mís';kfubea ikBa ifBRok Hkoku~• dFkklkja ysf[krqa leFkZ% Hkfo";fr(• foØekfnR;L; pfj=&fp=.ka Lo'kCnS% drq± 'kDr% Hkfo";fr(• fHkUuØes.k nÙkkfu okD;kfu ?kVukØekuqlkja ;kstf;";fr(• vkReksRlxZL; egÙoa o.kZf;rqa 'k{;fr(• ekuoh;ewY;kuka fo"k;ef/k—R; lEc)lwDrhuke~ lap;ua drq± l{ke% Hkfo";fr(• udkjkUriqfYyax'kCnkuka :ikf.k psrqa 'kDRk% Hkfo";fr(• okP;ifjorZua —Rok Hkkoa çs"kf;rqe~ leFkZ% Hkfo";fr(• o`f)lfU/k;qDrkuka inkuka lfU/kPNsna dfj";fr(• o.kZ&la'ys"k.ksu infuekZ.ka dfj";fr(• izkfrifnd&'kCnkuka p;ua dfj";fRkA

135laLÑre~

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izFkea Lokè;k;lksikue~iBue~ la:ie~(x|e~)

fØ;kdyki%

,rkfu fp=kf.k /;kusu i';r&

fp=kf.k n`"V~ok çnÙk'kCnkuka lkgk¸;su dFkkiwfrZ% dÙkZO;k%

ijksidkjkFk±] f'kfo%] Loekala] diksra] 'kj.ke~

1- iqjk &&&&&&&&& uke jktk cHkwoA

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3- Hkhr% diksr% jkK% &&&&&&&& vkxr%A

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5- f'kfouk &&&&&&&&&Lo'kjhja lefiZre~A

8.28.1

8.3

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8-1 ewyikB%

ijkFksZ vkReksRlxZ%

bnkuhe~ o;e~ ,rkn`'khe~ ,o dFkka /;kusu iBke%A

vFk Hkksts flagklue~ vkjks<qe~ ço`Ùks lfr vU;kiqÙkfydk dFk;fr&Hkks jktu~ Jw;rke~&foØeL;jkT;s dks·fi tu% fi'kqu% rLdj% ikideZfujr% puklhr~A ,dnk l jkT;Hkkja efU="kq fu/kk; Lo;a;ksfxos'ksu ns'kkUrja fuxZr%A ,oa i;ZVu~ l ,dfLeu~fnols ;nk egkj.;e/;s çkfo'kr~ rnk lw;Z% vLraxr%Al jktk ,dL; o`{kL; ewye~ vkfJR; jk=kS fLFkr%ArL; o`{kL;ksifj ,d% fpjathoh uked% [kx% vU;S%if{kfHk% lg laykia djksfr LeA jktk·fi o`{kewysfLFkr% ra laykia 'k.kksfrA Hkks iq=k%! ;q"ekfHk% ukukns'kku~i;ZVn~fHk% fda fofp=e~ n`"Ve~\ r= ,dsu if{k.kkHkf.kre~& e;k ;r~ n`"Ve~ reoyksD; ee psrflegn~nq%[ke~ HkofrA fpjathfouk mDre~ rRdFk; fdafufeÙka nq%[ke~\ rsuksDre~&dsoya dFkusu fda HkofrAo`)suksDre~&^^Hkks iq=! ;ks nq%[kh] l lqâfn nq%[kafuos| lq[kh HkofrA**

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v;eso lqg`r~] ; lqg`nks nq%[ksu Lo;a nq%[kh HkofrA,rnso fe=Roe~] mDrap&

lqf[krs lq[kh lqâfn ;ks nq%f[krs nq%[kh l pcU/kqHkZofrA

if{k.kks op% JqRok jktk r= uxjs o/;f'kyk&lehisxr%A r= czkã.ka fujh{;] vHk;a nRok] Loxga lEçs";p] rRlehiLFks ljksojs LukRok o/;f'kyk;keqifo"V%A

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rnk jk{klsu Loeufl fopkfjre~& vgks lk/kqj;a ;%vkReu% lq[kHkksxsPNka fogk; ijnq%[ksu nq%[kh HkwRokv= vkxr%A mDra p&

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HkofUr ijnq%[ksu lk/koks·R;Urnq%f[ku%AA

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ijksidkjO;kikj% iq#"kks ;% çtk;rsA

lEin% l lekIuksfr ij=kfi ija ine~AA

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beka dFkka dFkf;Rok iqÙkfydk Hkkstjkta çfr vczohr~& Rof; ,oa ijksidkjkn;% xq.kk%fo|Urs psr~ rfgZ vfLeu~ flagklus leqifo'k*A jktk rw".kheklhr~A

lqf[krs ¾ lq[kh gksus ijnq%f[krs ¾ nq%[kh gksus ijfujh{; ¾ ns[kdjvHk;a ¾ Hk; ls eqfDr dkslEçs"; ¾ Hkstdjljksojs ¾ rkykc esamifo"V% ¾ cSB x,lekxR; ¾ vkdjfofLer% ¾ vk'p;Zpfdrfez;rs ¾ ej tkrk gSAonu% ¾ eq[kdkfUra ¾ vkHkk dksçglfl ¾ tksjls g¡lrs gksXykfua ¾ efyurk dks] nq%[k dkslek;kfr ¾ vk tkrk gSAeufl ¾ eu esalk/kq ¾ lTtufogk; ¾ NksM+djHkwRok ¾ gksdjlq[kSf"k.k% ¾ lq[k pkgus okyslokZL;frZgj% ¾ lHkh ds nq%[kks dks gjusokysAfo'okL;kfr± ¾ lalkj ds nq%[kks a dksifjgjfl ¾ nwj djrs gksç;PN ¾ nks'yk?;ke~ ¾ ç'kaluh;ijksidkjO;kikj% ¾ ijksidkjhlekIuksfr ¾ çkIrdjrk gSAij=kfi ¾ ijyksd esa Hkhija ine~ ¾ Js"B LFkku dksoja ¾ ojnku dkso`.kh"o ¾ pquksv|çHk`fr ¾ vkt lsifjR;t ¾ NksM+ nksrnkçHk`fr ¾ rc lsleqifo'k ¾ cSBksA

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§§§§§

8-2 cks/kiz'uk%

1- ikBa ifBRok v/kksnÙkku~ iz'uku~ ,d'kCnsu mÙkjr&

¼d½ jktk jk=kS dq= fLFkr%\

¼[k½ flagklue~ vkjks<qa d% izo`Ùk%\

¼x½ lEeq[ke~ vk;kra tua d% Hk{k;fr Le\

¼?k½ lok± dFkka dk Jko;fr\

2- v/kksfyf[kra dsu mDre~\ rL; uke fpuqrA

¼d½ Hkks iq=! ;ks nq%[kh] l lqg`fn nq%[ka fuos| lq[kh HkofrA ¼i{kh@ o`n~/k%½

¼[k½ v;eso lqg`r~ ; lqg`nks HkwRok nq%[ksu Lo;a nq%[kh HkofrA ¼if{k.k%@tuk%½

¼x½ dFk;] dks Hkoku~\ ¼jktk@jk{kl%½

¼?k½ Roe~ vkReu% euksjFka iwj;A ¼czkºe.k%@jktk½

¼³½ losZ"kka izkf.kuka j{kk dj.kh;kA ¼jktk@iqÙkfydk½

3- vFkZesyua dq#r

[k.M% ^d* [k.M% ^[k*

¼d½ Hkf.kRok ¼i½ vk;kre~

¼[k½ vonr~ ¼ii½ Hkkstuk;

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¼?k½ [kx% ¼iv½ lqg`r~

¼³½ vkgkjkFkZe~ ¼v½ i{kh

¼p½ fe=e~ ¼vi½ vczohr~

8-3 v/kquk voxPNke%

izFke% va'k%

vFk Hkksts flagklue~ -------------- nq%[ka fuos| lq[kh HkofrA

iqÙkfyd;k jktkua izfr Jkforka dFkka iqu% iBke% cks/kke% p ;r~ nq%[kh tu% vfi fe=aizfr futa nq%[ka dFkf;Rok lq[kh HkofrA

d% flagklue~ vkjks<qe~ çorZrs\ jktk Hkkst%A

dk dFkke~ Jko;fr\ iqÙkfydkA

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jktk dnk o`{kL;ewye~ vkJ;r~\ jk=kSA

d% if{kfHk% lg laykia djksfr Le\fpjathoh uked% [kx%A

jktk jk=kS fde~ vÜk`.kksr~\ laykie~ vÜk`.kksr~A

[kx% laykis fde~ dFk;fr\ laykis fofp=rk&fo"k;s dFk;frA

nq%[kL; dkj.ke~ d% i`PNfr\ fpjathoh uked% [kx%A

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lkj%

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(x|e~) 2- o.kZla'ys"k.ke~

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¼x½ 'k~ $ j~ $ Å $ ;~ $ v $ r~ $ vk $ e~ ¾ Jw;rke~

¼?k½ l~ $ Å $ j~ $ ;~ $ v% ¾ lw;Z%

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¼p½ n~ $ _ $ "k~ $ V~ $ v $ e~ ¾ n`"Ve~

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okD;s"kq iz;ksx%

¼d½ jke% ekrja uefrA

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¼x½ iq"is"kq deya izfl)e~A

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ikBxriz'uk% 8-1

1- ,dinsu mÙkjr&

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¼³½ mDre~ ¾ &&&&& $ Dr

f}rh;% va'k%

lEizfr dFkk;k% f}rh;ka'ka voxUrqe~ v/kksfyf[krkfu iz'uksÙkjkf.k iBke%A

rL; okD;a JqRok -------------- RoekReu% euksjFka iwj;A

d% nq%[kL; dkj.ke~ dFk;fr\ i{khA

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rr~ioZrfudVs fde~ uke uxje~ vfLr\ iyk'kuxje~A

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jk{kl% dhn`'ka vR;kpkja djksfr\ jk{kl% uxjekxR; ekuq"ka fL=;a okx`ghRok ioZra uhRok Hk{k;frA

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jk{klsu rs"kka okD;a Lohd`re~ u ok\ Lohd`re~A

dkykuUrje~ dL; okj% lek;kr%\ ,dL; czkºe.kL;A

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[kxL; nq%[kL; dkj.ka fde~ vfLr\ [kxL; nq%[kL; dkj.ke~ czkã.kL;nq%[ke~ vfLrA

oU/kq% d% Hkofr\ ;% fe=s lqf[krs lq[kh rfLeu~ nq%f[krsok nq%[kh HkofrA

[kxL; opue~ JqRok d% o/;f'kyklehis xr%\ jktk foØe%A

jk{kl% fda n`"V~ok fofLer% Hkofr\ ,da çlUuonua iq#"ke~A

jktk jk{kla çfr fda Hk.kfr\ jktk jk{kla çfr Hk.kfr ;r~ e;kLosPN;k ijkFkZesrr~ 'kjhja nh;rsvr% u es Xykfu%A

u`iL; opua JqRok jk{kl% fda djksfr\ jk{kl% çlUu% HkwRok vHk;nkuannkfrA

lkj%

[kx% dFkka Jko;frA 'kSoky?kks"kioZrs iyk'kuxjs odklqj% uked% jk{kl% izfrfnua ,daekuoa Hk{k;frA la=Lrk% tuk% rLeS izfrfnua x`gØes.k ,da ekuq"ka nkrqa opua ;PNfUrAvusu izdkjs.k cgqdky% O;rhr%A Øes.k ,dL; czkºe.kL; okj% vkxr%A l% czkºe.k%iwoZtUefu [kxL; fe=e~ vklhr~A ra n`"V~ok l% [kx% vfi nq%[kh HkofrA ,rr~ JqRokif{k.k% dFk;fUr ;r~ oLrqr% rn~ ,o fe=e~ ;r~ fe=L; nq%[ks nq%[kh lq[ks p izlUu%HkofrA [kxkuka opukfu JqRok jktk foØekfnR;% czkºe.kk; vHk;a nRok LOk;eso o/;f'kyk;ke~ mifo'kfrA izlUueq[ka jktkua n`"V~ok fofLer% jk{kl% rL; izlUurk;k%dkj.ka i`PNfrA jktk dFk;fr ;r~ ijkFksZ ,o LosPN;k l% izk.kku~ nkrqe~ m|r% vfLrAvr% l% izlUu% vfLrA jk{kl% vkReu% euksjFka iwj;rqA

¼i{kh vius nq%[k dk dkj.k crkrs gq, ,d dFkk lqukrk gS fd 'kSoky?kks"k ioZr ijiyk'kuxj esa odklqj uked jk{kl izfrfnu fdlh Hkh euq"; dks [kk tkrk gSAHk;Hkhr uxjoklh mls izfrfnu ,d euq"; Hkstus dk opu nsrs gSaA bl izdkj cgqrlk le; chr tkrk gSA Øekuqlkj ,d czkºe.k dh ckjh vkrh gS tks iwoZtUe esa ,di{kh dk fe= FkkA fe= dks nq%[kh ns[kdj og i{kh Hkh nq%[kh gks tkrk gSA ;g lqudjvU; i{kh dgrs gSa fd okLro esa ogh fe= gS tks vius fe= ds nq%[k esa nq%[kh vkSjlq[k esa izlUu gksrk gSA if{k;ksa ds opu lqudj jktk foØekfnR; czkºe.k dksvHk;nku nsdj Lo;a jk{kl ds HkkstukFkZ o/;f'kyk ij cSBrk gSA jktk dks izlUuns[kdj vk'p;Zpfdr jk{kl jktk dh izlUurk dk dkj.k iwNrk gSA jktk dgrk gSfd eSa nwljksa dh j{kk ds fy, vius izk.k nsus ds fy, rS;kj gwa¡A ;gh dkj.k gS fd eSaizlUu gw¡A vki viuh bPNk dh iwfrZ djksA

O;kdj.kfcUno%o`f) lfU/k% v@vk ,rkH;ka o.kkZH;ka ijs ,@,s o.kkS± Hkor% psr~ rfgZ iwoZij;ks% LFkkus

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izFkea Lokè;k;lksikue~iBue~ la:ie~(x|e~)^,s* o.kZ% HkofrA ;fn v@vk o.kkZH;ka ijs vks@vkS o.kkSZ Hkor% rnk ^vkS* HkofrA

;Fkk & ¼i½ ,d $ ,d% ¾ ,dSd%

¼ii½ rL; $ ,d% ¾ rL;Sd%

¼iii½ egk $ ,s'o;Ze~ ¾ egS'o;Ze~

¼iv½ uo $ vksnue~ ¾ uokSnue~

v½ ee $ vkS"k/ke~ ¾ eekS"k/ke~

ikBxriz'uk% 8-2

1- dks"Bdkr~ leqfprina fpRok fjDrLFkkua iwj;r&

¼d½ vfLr--------------------------------------------'kSoky?kks"kks uke ioZr%A ¼e/;ns'ks@ mÙkjns'ks½

¼[k½ jk{kl% ekuq"ka fL=;a ok ---------------------------------------uhRok Hk{k;frA ¼xzkea@ ioZra½

¼x½ ,dnk dL;fpn~ -----------------------------------okj% lek;kr%A ¼czkã.kL;@ 'k'kdL;½

¼?k½ jktk -----------------------------------------LukRok o/;f'kyk;ka mifo"V%A ¼u|ka@ ljksojs½

¼³½ ;L;-----------------------------------------------------------lek;kfr rL; bfUnz;kf.k Xykfua çkIuqofUr¼tUedky%@ ej.kdky%½

2- js[kkafdrinkfu vf/kÑR; mnkgj.kkuqlkja iz'uku~ fy[kr&

mnkgj.ke~& 'kSoky?kks"kioZRkL; lehis iyk'kuxje~ vfLRkA

iz'u% dL; lehis iyk'kuxje~ vfLRk\

¼d½ odklqj% izfrfnua tuku~ Hk{k;frA

¼[k½ uxjokflfHk% mDre~ ^o;a rqH;a izfrfnua vkgkjkFkZesda ekuoa nkL;ke%A

¼x½ czkºe.kL; nq%[ksu [kx% nq%[kh HkofrA

¼?k½ Roa iqujf/kdka dkfUra izkI; izglflA

3- js[kkafdrinkfu la'kks/; okD;kfu@ iqu% fy[kr

¼d½ rL; ,de~ ,o iq=% vklhr~A&&&&&&&&&&

¼[k½ Roa egk/kS;ZlEiUua iq:"k% n`';lsA &&&&&&&

¼x½ u es d% vfi Xykfu%\ &&&&&&

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(x|e~) ¼?k½ Roe~ vf/kd% dkfUra çkI; çglflA&&&&&&&&

¼³½ fde~ vu;k fopkjs.k ro\ &&&&&&

r`rh;% va'k%

dFkk;k% r`rh;e~ va'ka iqu% iBke%A o;e~ KkL;ke% ;r~ dFka jk{kl% jkK% opkafl JqRokthogR;ka R;tfrA

rnk jk{klsu Loeufl ------------ jktk rw".kheklhr~A

dsu Loeufl fopkfjre~\ jk{klsuA dFkk;ka ^lk/kq%* ine~ dLeS ç;qDr%\jktkfoØekfnR;k;A lk/kq% dka fogk; vkxr%\ vkReu% lq[kHkksxsPNke~A lk/kq% dL;nq%[ksu nq%[kh HkwRok vkxr%\ czkã.kL;A lk/ko% dhn`'kk% HkofUr\ rs loZizkf.kuka lq[ke~bPNfUrA lk/ko% dsu nq%f[ku% HkofUr\ ijs"kka nq%[ksuA jk{kl% de~ çfr LofopkjaçdV;fr\ jktkua çfrA jk{kl% fde~ fopkj;fr\ jktk Hkkst% loZL; nq%[kgj% vfLrA

fde~ 'yk/;e~\ ijkFksZ çnÙka 'kjhje~A jktk foØekfnR;% dsu lokZ% lEin% çkIuksfr\ijksidkjO;kikjs.kA jk{kl% dFka larq"V% vHkor~\ jkK% R;kxHkkou;kA larq"V% jk{kl%jkKs fde~ nkrqe~ m|r% vHkor~\ oja nkrqe~A jktk ojs fde~ v;kpr\ euq";Hk{k.ka R;tbfrA izkf.kuka j{kk fdeFk± dj.kh;k\ losZ"kka çkf.kuke~ ,o izk.kk% fiz;k% HkofUrA d%thofglka R;Droku~\ jk{kl%A jktk dq= vxPNr~\ Louxjhe~A iqÙkfydk Hkksta çfrfde~ vczohr~\ jktu~ ;fn Roe~ ijksidkjkfn xq.k;qDr% vfl rfgZ flagklus leqifo'kA

iqÙkfydk;k% opua JqRok jktk fde~ vdjksr~\jktk rw".khe~ vfr"Br~A

'yksdkuke~ vUo;%

1- R;DÙokRelq[knq%[ksPNka loZlÙolq[kSf"k.k%AHkofUr ijnq%[ksu lk/koks·R;Urnq%f[ku%AA

vUo;% loZlRolq[kSf"k.k% lk/ko% vkRelq[knq%[ksPNka R;DRok ijnq%[ksu vR;Urnq%f[ku% HkofUr

2- ijksidkjO;kikj% iq#"kks ;% iztk;rsAlEin% l lekIuksfr ij=kfi ija ine~AA

vUo;% ;% iq#"k% ijksidkjO;kikj% çtk;rs l% ¼bg½ lEin% vkIuksfr½ ij= vfiija ine~ lekIuksfrA

lkj%

jk{kl% egkjktfoØekfnR;L; ijkFksZ 'kjhjR;kxL; xq.ka n`"V~ok ra lk/kq%* bfr dFk;frAl% jktkua dFk;fr ;r~ Hkoku~ losZ"kka çkf.kuka nq%[kkfu fuokj;fl vr% Roa /kulEin%çkIuksf"kA ro ijksidkjHkkou;k vge~ vrho çlUu% vfLeA rnuUrje~ ojnkuk;

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R;tfrA iqÙkfydk iqu% jktkua Hkksta flagklus mios"Vqe~ çsj;frA

jk{kl foØekfnR; ds ijfgr esa 'kjhj R;kx ds xq.k ls vR;Ur çlUu gksdj mUgsalk/kq ds :i esa dgrs gq, ,d ojnku ysus ds fy, dgrk gSA jktk jk{kl ls thofgalkR;kxus dk oj ek¡xrk gSA jk{kl thogR;k R;kx nsrk gSA ;g dFkk lqukdj iqÙkfydkiqu% jktkHkkst dks flagklu ij cSBus ds fy, çsfjr djrh gS fd gs jktu~~! ;fn rqeesajktk foØekfnR; tSls bl çdkj ds xq.k gSa rks bl flagklu ij cSB ldrs gksA

ikBxriz'uk% 8-3

1- ,dinsu mÙkjr&

¼d½ ijnq%[ksu ds nq%f[ku% HkofUr\

¼[k½ jk{kl% fda O;Droku~\

¼x½ losZ"kka ds fç;k%\

¼?k½ losZ"kka thokuka dk dj.kh;k\

2- mnkgj.ka n`"V~ok okP;ifjorZua dq#r

drZokP;e~& ,dnk uxjokflu% re~ vdFk;u~A

deZokP;e~& ,dnk uxjokflfHk% l% dfFkr%A

¼d½ drZokP;e~& vga ijkFksZ ,rr~ 'kjhja nnkfeA

deZokP;e~& -------------------------------------------------------------------------------A

¼[k½ drZokO;e~& jktk Hk.kfrA

Hkko@deZokP;e~& --------------------------------------------------------------------A

¼x½ drZokP;e~& jk{kl% thofgalk R;tfrA

deZokP;e~& -------------------------------------------------------------------------------A

¼?k½ drZokP;e~& iqÙkfydk dFkka dFk;frA

deZokP;e~&-------------------------------------------------------------------------------A

3- v/kksfyf[kra dFkua d% da çfr dFk;fr&

dFkue~ d% de~ çfr

¼d½ vga larq"Vks·fLeA &&&&&& &&&&&&&&

¼[k½ thofgalka R;trqA &&&&&& &&&&&&&&

¼x½ flagklus leqifo'kA &&&&&& &&&&&&&&

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(x|e~) ¼?k½ lk/ko% ijnq%[ksu nq%f[ku% HkofUrA &&&&&& &&&&&&&&

4- dks"Bdkr~ vO;;inkfu fpRok fjDrLFkkukfu iwj;r&

¼;Fkk] rnkçHk`fr] ;fn] rFkk] rfgZ] ,oa½

¼d½ &&&&&& fopk;Z l% jktkue~ vozohr~A

¼[k½ &&&&&& euq";L; vkReu% çk.kk% fç;k% &&&& losZ"kka çkf.kuke~A

¼x½ Roa &&&&&&& ee çlUu% vfl]&&&&&&& thofgalka R;tA

¼?k½ &&&&&&jk{kl% thofgalka R;Droku~A

O;kdj.kfcUno%

Dr çR;;L; ç;ksx%

fuxZr% fuj~$ xe~$ Dr & ¼pys x,½ iqa- çFkek ,dopue~

fLFkr%& LFkk$ Dr ¼:ds½ iqa-

n`"Ve~& n`'k~ $ Dr & uialdfyaxe~ çFkek ,dopue~

Hkf.kre~& Hk.k~$ Dr& uiqaldfyaxe~ çFkek ,dopue~

mDre~& op~$ Dr& uiqldfyaxe~ çFkek ,dopue~

HkkookP;s ^Dr* çR;;L; ç;ksx% HkofrA

ldeZd ^Ñ* /kkrquk lg deZokP;s vfi ç;ksx% HkofrA

Y;i~ çR;;L; ç;ksx%

fu/kk;& fu$ /kk$ Y;i~ & ¼j[kdj½

vkfJR;& vk$ fJ$ Y;i~& ¼vkfJr gksdj] lgkjk ysdj½

voyksD;& vo$ yksd~$ Y;i~& ns[kdj

fuos|& fu$ fon~$ Y;i~& fuosnu djds

¼Hkoku~ tkukfr ,o ;r~ ;nk /kkrks% iwoZe~ milxZ% Hkofr rnk DRok LFkkus Y;i~ çR;;%HkofrA½

inifjp;%

psrfl& ^psrl~*] lIreh ,dopue~

Jw;rke~& ^Jq* /kkrq% ¼deZokP;s½ yksV~ydkj%] çFkeiq:"k% ,dopue~

dRok@Y;i~ çR;;L; ç;ksx%

Jq $ DRok & JqRok

uh $ DRok & uhRok

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izFkea Lokè;k;lksikue~iBue~ la:ie~(x|e~)

Luk $ DRok & LukRok

nk $ DRok & nÙok

n`'k~ $ DRok & n`"V~ok

vk $ xe~ $ Y;i~& vkxR;

fuj~ $ bZ{k~ $ Y;i~& fujh{;

ç $ vki~ $ Y;i~& çkI;

le~ $ çs"k~ $ Y;i~& lEçs";

leklç;ksx%

fnua fnua çfr& çfrfnue~] vO;;hHkkolekl%

nq%[kL; dkj.ke~& nq%[kdkj.ke~] "k"BhrRiq#"k lekl%

lEeq[kifrre~& lEeq[ks ifrra & lIrehrRiq#"k lekl%

egr~ p rr~ nq%[ke~ egknq%[ke~& deZ/kkj; lekl%

v/kksfyf[krkfu okD;kfu /;kusu iBr&

¼d½ ;q"ekfHk% fda n`"Ve~\

¼[k½ if{k.kk Hkf.kre~A

¼x½ fpjthfouk mDre~A

¼?k½ rsu mDre~A

¼³½ o`)su mDre~A

,rs"kq losZ"kq okD;s"kq drkZ r`rh;kfoHkDR;ke~ vfLr fØ;k p izFkek&,dopus ,oA bnaHkkookP;a dF;rsA okP;e~ bfr dFkuL; izdkj% fØ;k;k% iz;ksx% okA vL; =;% Hksnk%HkofUrA ¼1½ drZokP;e~ ¼2½ deZokP;e~ ¼3½ HkkookP;e~A drZokP;s fØ;kdrZinkuqlkjafo|rsA deZokP;s dekZuqlkja] Hkko okP;s rq izFke iq#"ks ,dopus ,oA

folxZlfU/kç;ksx%

¼folxZL; mRoe~& % $ v ¾ ks ·½

lk/koks·R;Urnq%f[ku%& lk/ko%$ vR;Ur nq%f[ku%

¼l~$vk$/k~$o~$v$%$vR;Urnq%f[ku%½¾ v= folxZL; LFkkus ^m* Hkofr

¼v$m$v½ ¾ vks ·

rq"Vks·fLe & rq"V%$ vfLe

çlUuks·fl& çlUu% $ vfl

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(x|e~) inifjp;%

o`.kh"o& ^o`* /kkrq ¼vkReusinh½ yksV~ydkj%] e/;eiq:"k% ,dopue~

vkReu%& vkReu~ iqa- iapeh@ "k"Bh ,dopue~

leqifo'k& le~$mi$fo'k~ yksV~ ydkj%] e/;eiq:"k%] ,dopue~

fez;rs & e` ^/kkrq%* ¼vkReusinh½ yV~ydkj%] izFke iq#"k%] ,dopue~

8-4 fde~ vf/kxre~

• ^ijkFksZ vkReksRlxZ%* bfr ikB% ^flagklu}kf=af'kdk* xzUFkkr~ mn~/k`r%A

• egkjktfoØekfnR;% n;kyq%] ijksidkjh] çrkih p u`i% vklhr~A

• losZ"kka thokuka çk.kk% fç;k%A vr% vLekfHk% thoj{kk dj.kh;kA

• lk/ko% Lo;a d"Va lks<~ok loZlÙofgrSf"k.k% HkofUrA

• vO;;kuka :iifjorZua u HkofrA

• /kkrquk lg ^ä* çR;;a la;ksT; Hkwrdkfyd&vFkZ% tk;rsA

• ;nk /kkrks% iwoZe~ milxZ% vk;kfr rnk DRok LFkkus Y;i~ çR;;% Hkofr] rRina pvO;;a HkofrA

• okP;a f=fo/ka Hkofr& drZokP;e~] deZokP;e~] HkkookP;e~ pA

• o.kZ&la'ys"k.ksu infuekZ.ka HkofrA

8-5 ;ksX;rkfoLrkj%

¼d½ xzUFkifjp;%

^flagklu}kf=af'kdk* uke xzUFk% ,d% euksjatd% f'k{kkçn'p dFkklaxzg% vfLrA v;axzUFk% ^}kf=a'kRiqÙkfydk* ,oa p ^foØepfjre~* ukeH;kefi çfl)%A ;nk egkjkt%Hkkst% foØekfnR;L; flgklua vjks<qe~ ç;rrs rnk flagklutfVrk% iqÙkfydk% HkkstL;;ksX;rka ijhf{krqe~ ,dSd'k% }kf='kar~ iqÙkfydk% foØekfnR;L; 'kkS;ZdFkk% Jko;fUrAvL;k% dFkk;k% f}fo/ka laLdj.ka çkI;rs& ,de~ mÙkjHkkjrh;e~ f}rh;a nf{k.kHkkjrh;e~pA nf{k.kHkkjrh;a laLdj.ka foØepfjre~* bfr dF;rsA ys[kdfo"k;s iw.kZKkua uksiyH;rsA

¼[k½ HkkofoLrkj%

ijks"kke~ midkj% ijksidkj% bfr dF;rsA vfLeu~ lalkjs lRiq#"kk% ijksidkjk; thoua/kkj;fUrA rs vkRelq[ka nq%[ka ok vfofpUR; vgfuZ'ka lektL; ns'kL; p dY;k.kk;,o ç;kljrk% HkofUrA vLekda ns'ks ijksidkjL; vR;f/kda egÙoa orZrsA ijksidkjfo"k;sO;klsu mDre~&

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izFkea Lokè;k;lksikue~iBue~ la:ie~(x|e~)v"Vkn'kiqjk.ks"kq O;klL; opu};e~A

ijksidkj% iq.;k; ikik; ijihMue~AA

ijksidkfj.k% iq#"kk% LoHkkosu ,o fouezk% HkofUrA rs"kka ân;kfu lkxjk.kke~ bofoLr`rkfu HkofUrA

HkofUr uezkLrjo% Qyksn~xeS%

uokEcqfHknwZjfoyfEcuks ?kuk%Avuq)rk lRiq#"kk% le`f)fHk%

LoHkko ,oS"k ijksidkfj.kke~AA

vfi p& Jks=a JqruSo u dq.Mysu nkusu ikf.kuZrq dad.ksuA

foHkkfr dk;% d#.kkijk.kka ijksidkjs.k u rq pUnusuAA

;s tuk% mnkjân;k% HkofUr rs"kka —rs lEiw.k± txr~ ifjokj bo Hkofr&

v;a fut% ijksosfr x.kuk y?kqpsrlke~AmnkjpfjrkukUrq olq/kSo dqVqEcde~AA ¼fgrksins'k%½

u dsoya ekuok% vfirq ç—fr% vfi loZnk ijksidkjs layXuk Hkofr&

ijksidkjk; QyfUr o`{kk%]

ijksidkjk; ogfUr u|%A

ijksidkjk; nqgfUr xko%]ijksidkjkFkZfena 'kjhje~AA

,oeso& ficfUr u|% Lo;eso ukHHk%]

Lo;a u [kknfUr Qykfu o`{kk%A

uknfUr lL;a [kyq okfjokgk%]

ijksidkjk; lrka foHkwr;%AA

vL;k% dFkk;k% fo"k;s {ksesUnzL; oºRdFkkeatjhukeds iqLrds] lksensoL; dFkklfjRlkxjukeds iqLrds p laf{kIr:is.k fooj.ka izkI;rsA

jktk Hkkst% foØekfnR; bo ijksidkjh] lnkpkjh] fo}n~tukuka çseh vklhr~A HkkstL;firq% uke flU/kqy%] ux;kZ% uke p /kkjk vklhr~A l% lIriapk'kr~o"kkZf.k jkT;edjksr~ArL; jkT;s tuk% lnkpkfj.k% lUrq"Vk%] /kkfeZdk% p vklu~A HkkstL; jkT;s prqfnZ{kqlqO;oLFkk vklhr~A rL; jktHkous uojRuk% vklu~A dykdkS'kyknhuka fodkl% lq"Bq:is.kp vHkor~A

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(x|e~) foØekfnR;L; jkT;s tuk% lnkpkfj.k% vklu~A dks·fi tu% dL;fpn~ tuL; fuUnkau vdjksr~A dks·fi tu% pkSjdesZ ço`Ùk% u vklhr~A rL; jkT;e~ iki'kwU;e~ vklhr~AlokZ% O;oLFkk% lqpk#:is.k çpyfUr LeA tuk% Lo&Lo dk;sZ"kq layXuk% vklu~A losZtuk% /keZ;qDrk% HkwRok lq[ksu] larks"ks.k p thoua ;ki;fUr LeA

¼x½ Hkk"kkfoLrkj%

okP;e~

okP;e~&dFkuL; çdkje~A

;Fkk& 1- jke% ikBku~ iBfrA 2- jkes.k ikBk% iB~;UrsA 3- jkes.k iB~;rsA

çFkes okD;s jke%* drZins çFkek foHkDrkS vfLrA fØ;kine~ drZinL; iq#"kopukuqlkjs.kHkofrA vr% vL; dFkuL; çdkj% drZokP;e~A

f}rh;s okD;s ^jkes.k* drZine~ vç/kkue~ ¼xkS.ke~½ HkwRok r`rh;k foHkDrkS vfLrA^ikBk%* deZina ç/kkua HkwRok çFkek foHkDrkS vfLrA iB~;Urs* fØ;kine~ ç/kku deZIknL;iq#"kopukuqlkjs.k vfLrA v= deZina ç/kkue~ vfLrA vr% vL; dFkuL; çdkj%deZokP;e~A deZokP;s /kkrq $ ; $ vkReusine~A deZokP;s iB~ /kkrks% :ikf.k i';rq&

iB~ ¼deZokP;s½ yV~ydkj%

,dopuEk~ f}opue~ cgqopue~

izFke iq#"k% iB~;rs iB~;srs iB~;Urs

e/;e iq#"k% iB~;ls IkB~;sFks iB~;/os

mÙke iq#"k% iB~;s iB~;kogs iB~;kegs

vU;kfu mnkgj.kkfu

rsu iqLrda iB~;rs] rsu iqLrds iB~;srs] rsu iqLrdkfu iB~;Urs

rsu Roe~ n`';rs] rsu ;qoke~ n`';sFks] rsu ;q;e~ n`';/os

rsu vge~ dF;s] rsu vkoke~ dF;kogs] rsu o;a dF;kegs

r`rh;s okD;s

^jkes.k* dÙkkZ vç/kkue~ HkwRok r`rh;kfoHkDrkS vfLrA

v= deZinL; vHkko% vfLrA HkkookP;s fØ;k ç/kkue~ vfLrA HkkoinL; vFkZ% fØ;kvfLrA HkkookP;s cgqopus vfi fØ;kina lnk çFkeiq#"kL; ,dopus ,o HkofrA ;Fkkrsu lqI;rs] rkH;ka lqI;rs] rS% lqI;rs] Ro;k xE;rs] ;qokH;ka xE;rs] ;q"ekfHk% xE;rs] e;kiB~;rs] vkokH;ka iB~;rs] vLekfHk% iB~;rsA

151laLÑre~

ijkFkZs vkReksRlxZ%

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izFkea Lokè;k;lksikue~iBue~ la:ie~(x|e~)

8-6 ikBkUriz'uk%

1- jkK% foØekfnR;L; pkfjf=dxq.kk% prqokZD;s"kq fy[krA

2- vLekr~ ikBkr~ fpRok frlz% lwDrh% fy[krA

3- fuEufyf[kriz'uku~ mÙkjr&

¼d½ foØeL; jkT;s dhn`'kk% tuk% u vklu~\

¼[k½ o`{kL; mifj fpjathoh uked% [kx% fda djksfr Le\

¼x½ o`)su if{k.kk fde~ mDre~\

¼?k½ jk{kl% ioZrs fda djksfr Le\

¼³½ if{k.k% op% JqRok jktk fde~ vdjksr~A

4- ;FkkfufnZ"Va inifjp;a fy[kr

inkfu ewy'kCn% foHkfDr% opue~

efU="kq ----------------- ------------------- -----------------

fpjthfouk ----------------- ------------------- -----------------

psrfl ----------------- ------------------- -----------------

rqH;e~ ----------------- ------------------- -----------------

lEin% ----------------- ------------------- -----------------

5- v/kksfyf[krkfu okD;kfu ?kVukØes.k fy[kr&

¼d½ o`{kL;ksifj fpjathoh vklhr~A

¼[k½ ,dnk foØe% ;ksfxos'ksu ns'kkUrja xr%A

¼x½ ljksojs LukRok jktk o/;f'kyk;ke~ mifo"V%A

¼?k½ egkj.;e/;s jktk jk=kS o`{kewyekfJR; fLFkr% vHkor~A

¼³½ if{k.k% op% JqRok jktk o/;f'kyklehis xr%A

¼p½ rnkçHk`fr jk{kl% thoekj.ka R;Droku~A

¼N½ mÙkjns'ks 'kSoky?kks"kks uke ioZr% vklhr~A

¼t½ df'pr~ jk{kl% çfrfnua ekuq"ka fL=;a ok Hk{k;frA

6- js[kkafdrinek/k`R; ç'ufuekZ.ka dq:r&¼d½ o`{kewys fLFkr% jktk rn~op% Ük`.kksfrA

¼[k½ ioZrfudVs iyk'kuxje~ vfLrA¼x½ Øes.k ,dnk czkã.kL; okj% lek;kr%A

¼?k½ dFkka dFkf;Rok iqÙkfydk Hkkstjkta çfr vczohr~A

¼³½ rnk jk{klsu eufl fopkfjre~A

laLÑre~

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152

izFkea Lokè;k;lksikue~iBue~ la:ie

(x|e~) 7- js[kkafdrinkuke~ v'kqf)a la'kks/; iqu% rkfu fy[kr&

¼d½ rLekr~ e`R;qHk;su rs·fi xrk%A

¼[k½ ,oa Hkf.kRok iqujfi jkte~ vczohr~A¼x½ l enkxeus iwoZeso fez;rA

¼?k½ iqÙkfydk Hkkstjktsu çfr vczohr~A

¼³½ u`ie~ ue%A8- o.kZ&la'ys"k.ka dq#r

¼d½ j~ $ vk $ d~ $ "k~ $ v $ l~ $ v% ¾¼[k½ j~ $ vk $ t~ $ ~ $ vk ¾

¼x½ i~ $ m $ r~ $ r~ $ v $ y~ $ b $ d~ $ vk ¾

8-7 mÙkjkf.k

8-3 cks/kiz'uk%

1- ¼d½ o`{kewys] ¼[k½ Hkkst%] ¼x½ jk{kl%] ¼?k ½ iqÙkfydk

2- ¼d½ o`)%] ¼[k½ if{kf.k%] ¼x½ jk{kl%] ¼?k½ jktk ¼³½ jktk

3- d- iii] [k- vi] x- i] ?k- v] ³ ii] p- iv

ikBxriz'uk%

8-1 1- ¼d½ iqÙkfydk] ¼[k½ foØeL;] ¼x½ efU="kq ¼?k½ fpjathoh ³ jktk

2- ¼d½ o`{kL;ksifj] ¼[k½ mDre~] ¼x½ r=] ¼?k½ lw;kZs·Lraxr%] ¼³½ fLFkr%

3- ¼d½ xe~] ¼[k½ LFkk] ¼x½ n`'k~] ¼?k½ Hk.k~] ¼³½ op~A

8-2 1- ¼d½ mÙkjns'ks] ¼[k½ ioZra ¼x½ czkã.kL;] ¼?k½ ljksojs] ¼³½ ej.kdky%A

2- ¼d½ dL; ¼[k½ dku~ ¼x½ dS% ¼?k½ d% ¼³½ dke~

3- ¼d½ ,d%] ¼[k½ egk/kS;ZlEiUu%] ¼x½ dk] ¼?k½ vf/kdka] ¼³½ vusuA

8-3 1- ¼d½ lk/ko%] ¼[k½ thofaglke~] ¼x½ çk.kk%] ¼?k½ j{kkA

2- ¼d½ e;k ijkFksZ ,rr~ 'kjhja nh;rsA ¼[k½ jkKk Hkf.kre~A

¼x½ jk{klsu thofgalk R;T;rsA ¼?k½ iqÙkfyd;k dFkk dF;rsA

3- ¼d½ jk{kl% jktkua izfr ¼[k½ jktk&jk{kle~

¼?k½ iqÙkfydk&jktkue~ ¼?k½ jk{kl%&jktkue~

4- d- ,oa] [k- ;Fkk&rFkk] x- ;fn&rfgZ] ?k- rnkçHk`fr%

153laLÑre~

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izFkea Lokè;k;lksikue~iBue~ la:ie~(x|e~)8-6 ikBkUr iz'uk%

1- ¼i½ jktk foØekfnR;% /kS;ZlEiUu% izlUuonu% p vklhr~A

¼ii½ l% os'kifjorZua ÑRok jkT;L; lo± o`ÙkkUra Kkrqa iz;rrs LeA

¼iii½ jktk LOkcfynkusu vfi iztk;S vHk;nkuEk~ vdjksr~A

¼iv½ jkK% O;ogkjs.k izsfjr% jk{kl% vfi thofgalka R;tfr LeA

2- Lo;a dq#rA

3- ¼d½ foØeL; jkT;s fi'kqu% rLdjk%] ikideZfujrk% tuk% u vklu~A

¼[k½ o`{kL; mifj fpjathoh uked% [kx% vU;S% if{kfHk% lg laykia djksfr LeA

¼x½ o`)su if{k.kk mDre~& ^^Hkks iq=! ;ks nq%[kh l lqg`fn nq%[ka fuos| lq[kh Hkofr**A

¼?k½ jk{kl% izfrfnua uxjekxR; ekuq"ka fL=;a ckya ok ioZrs uhRok Hk{k;fr LeA

¼³½ if{k.k% op% JqRok jktk o/;f'kyklehis xr%A r= czkºe.ka n`"V~ok rLeS vHk;a nÙok Lox`ga p lEizs";] ljksojs LukRok o/;f'kyk;ke~ mifo"V%A

4- efU=u~] lIreh] cgqopue~

fpajthfou~] r`rh;k] ,dopue~

psrl~] lIreh] ,dopue~

;q"en~] prqFkhZ] ,dopue~

lEir~] çFkek] ,dopue~

5- ¼[k½ ¼?k½ ¼d½ ¼N½ ¼t½ ¼³½ ¼x½ ¼Pk½

6- ¼d½ dq=] ¼[k½ fde~ ¼x½ fda uke uxje~] ¼x½ dL; ¼?k½ dke~] ¼³½ dsuA

7- ¼d½ e`R;qHk;kr~] ¼[k½ jktkue~] ¼x½ enkxeukr~] ¼?k½ Hkkstjkte~] ¼³½ u`ik;A

8- ¼d½ jk{kl% ¼[k½ jkKk ¼x½ iqÙkfydk