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Gkltfl's Mcl|xl`tflkxalJki``ls Xaoftlx 

A`clada`g

Gkltfl's xlcital tkt Ofixckttl H|nn as `alt ~lxglcajmhiix elt Wlxtflx's xlcital tkt Ckttl a` dl xkei`

– Dal Cladl` dls j|`gl` Wlxtflx ―. Flt hklm mi` `alt ics i|tkhakgxinasof wkxdl` hlsofk|wd. Gkltfl

fllnt a` Wlxtflx l` Ckttl rcitk`asofl sqehkcl` inglhllcd.

Diixell mket kkm dl ~xiig `iix ~kxl`# kn dl clzlx ii` dl mcl|xokdl  gllc . hci|w a` Wlxtflx's

mcldaj wlccaoft ll` sqehkcasofl hltlml`as eklt tklml``l`: ll` hltlml`as# dal wlccaoft ris a` ll`

citlx wlxm zkics dl mcl|xl`tflkxal wkxdt glnkxe|cllxd.

Gkltfl ml`dl dl hajhlc dkkx l` dkkx. A` dl tajd# dit Gkltfl krgxkladl# wis el` zk hajhlc~ist l` kr

dl fkkgtl ~i` dl ~lxsofaccl` t|ssl` dl ~lxsofaccl`dl xaofta`gl` l` slmtl# zkics `| sclofts haj

tflkckgl` flt gl~ic as9

. Dl hklml` Lvkd|s8

l` Mxk`alml` hl~ittl` ll` 8<%tic gkddlcajml~kkxsofxantl` ~kkx dl tklrissa`g ~i` xkkd# hci|w l` r|xrlx &eigl`ti! haj dl krhk|w ~i` dl tl`t

~i` flt lxhk`d l` dl gxktl tlerlc ~i` _ickek. Tlxwajc dl rxaeiaxl mcl|xl` xkkd l` hci|w zaof ii`

dl xi`dl` ~i` dl xlgl`hkkg hl~a`dl`# k`thxllmt eigl`ti a` dl xlgl`hkkg.

K`di`ms dlzl Hajhlcsl hisas hisllxt Gkltfl zaj` mcl|xl`tflkxal kr ll` dxaltic i`dlxl mcl|xl`: gllc#

 hci|w l` xkkd# wiixa` gllc l` hci|w ics –rxaeiaxl?― mcl|xl` dl tlgl`rkcl` ~kxel`. Dat zaj`

dlzlcndl rxaeiaxl mcl|xl`# dal Gkltfl 9774 a` Wlxtflx's mcldaj# xlsrlotal~lcajm @k~icas 9622 ics

i`tarkdl` a` zaj` wlxm flhhl` tklglrist.

Gld|xl`dl ll` nllst a` flt wa`tlxsl Wlaeix ~i` 976< fllnt Gkltfl ll` i~k`d elt dl Z|ad%

Ielxamii`sl xl~kc|tak`iax  Nxi`oasok dl Eaxi`di k~lx dl tflkxal dlx rxaeiaxl mcl|xl` glsrxkml`.

Dlzl daso|ssal fllnt Eaxi`di ~kcgl`s zaj` zlggl`4

citlx glë`sraxllxd tkt flt llxstl k`twlxr ~i` dlxkkd# gllc l` hci|wl ~cig kn Gxi` Okckehai.

Ke dlzl xldl`l` as Gkltfl's mcl|xl`tflkxal diixke wlccaoft `alt iccll` kr ll` `it||xm|`dagl#

eiix kkm kr ll` nacksknasofl ioftlxgxk`d glhisllxd.

9 Rig. 1<# –Gkltfl―# ~i` Rxkn. Flxei` Gxaee# Rfkl`av rkomlts &91>8!

8 Haj~kkxhllcd Lvkd|s 86:8%< l` 86:<%>

? A` flt XGH%sqstlle zaj` dl rxaeiaxl mcl|xl` xkkd# hci|w l` gxkl`.4 Eaxi`di fllnt ea`stl`s twll a`sraxitalhxk `l` ~kkx flt k`twlxr ~i` dl ~cig hlsofxl~l`. A` ll` hxaln ii` gxiin 

_aek` Xkei`k~aof Wkxk`zknn   &^kxk`tsk~! a` 9718# hisllxt Eaxi`di dl mcl|xml|zl kr dl tflkxal dlx rxaeiaxl

mcl|xl` tflkxq kn rxaeixq okck|xs ~i` dl D|atsl i|tl|x l` nackskkn  Jkfi`` Wkcngi g ~k` Gkltfl.

 Nag 9: Dl xlgl`hkkg 

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Dkkx Gkltfl's tflsl` zaj` lx a` da~lxsl m|`st~kxel` glcl lclel`tl` a`glsckrl`# dal wlcaswiix 

 rxa`oarallc okxxlot ics lclel`tiaxl sqehkcl` hldklcd wixl`# eiix a` nlatl gldllctlcajm kr ll`

eas~lxsti`d hlx|stl`. A` dl xkei`tasofl catlxit||x wlxd flt gllc dkkx @k~icas glë`txkd|ollxd# l` a`

dl ~ciggl`m|`dl fllnt Nxi`oasok dl Eaxi`di gllc ics k`dlxdllc ~i` l`mlcl Z|ad%Ielxamii`sl

~ciggl` a`gl~klxd.

Zkdkl`dl as flt gllc# dit a` dl eaddlcll|wl` ~xajwlc stllds ics wiixsof|wa`g tlgl` dl k`flacagl

 rxkstat|tal l` ~lxxiid gkcd# `i Gkltfl tkof tkt ll` rksataln lclel`t gltxi`snkxellxd.

Dl mwa`tlssl`s ~i` dl Ni|st as `|# dit Gkd kkm hlxlad as dl dkkx –hlmkxa`g― gltlastlxdl Ni|st#

siel` elt zaj` eashx|amtl –glcalndl― Gxltofl` a` ll` flelcs f|wlcajm tl xlddl`# eats dl zk`diix 

ictfi`s ~i` gkldl wac as.

A` dlzl Ni|st ~kxel` dl gkldl ~xk|w Gxltofl` l` dl sc|wl Ni|st tlgl`rkcl`# dal el` a` dl k|dl

xlcagal ics –dl i`dxkgq`l el`s Idie― elt dl mcl|xl` xkkd l` hci|w# eiix a` dl xkei`tasofl

catlxit||x elt gllc l` hci|w fllnt glsqehkcasllxd.

A` Gkltfl's mcl|xl`tflkxal as dl mcl|xokdl diixke ~i` ei``lcajm  xkkd  l` ~xk|wlcajm  hci|w a`

ei``lcajm  gllc l` ~xk|wlcajm  hci|w ~lxi`dlxd. Flt as dlzlcndl mcl|xl`okdl# dal @k~icas a` zaj`

wlxml` elt gllc ~kkx flt s|hjlot%lgk l`  hci|w ~kkx flt khjlot%lgk fllnt gldlna`allxd.Zk glzal` ~kxel` dl Ni|st elt flt flelcsl f|wlcajm l` mcl|xl`tflkxal elt dl mcl|xokdls gllc#

  hci|w l` xkkd< siel` ll` glfllc# dit dl daoftlx Gkltfl ic 9778 kr 8?%jixagl cllntajd fllnt

glok`oarallxd. Flt ok`olrt mket inglzal` ~i` dl inwajma`g a` dl tklglristl mcl|xokdls glfllc

k~lxll` elt dl txidatak`lcl# ll|wl`k|dl soflrra`gsclgl`dls.

< Gllc ~kkx flt ei``lcajml lclel t# hci|w ~kkx flt ~xk|wlcajml lclel`t l` xkkd ~kkx dl gkddlcajml sqtflsl

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9774: Dal Cladl` dls j|`gl` Wlxtflx 

Wlxtflx's mclda`gsokdl

Ii` dl Gkltfl's hakgxinal> mi` el` inclzl`# dit – Dal Cladl` dls j|`gl` Wlxtflx ― wlccaoft ll` mlx`

~i` wiixflad eig hl~ittl`# eiix tkof gxktl`dllcs kr ni`tisal hlx|st. Ll` ~i` dal dltiacs# dal dlclzlxs diixa` ic daxlot as krgl~iccl`# as dl k`eaddlccajm hlxkled glwkxdl` l` ~llc glëeatllxdl

mcl|xl`okdl# wiixa` ll` hci|w jiomlt elt ll`  glcl ri`tick` l` ~lst wkxdt glokeha`llxd. Dlzl

mclda`gst|mml` wkxdl` a` dl kxaga`lcl –Wlxtflx― ics dl kxaga lcl mclda`g hlsofxl~l`# wiixa`

Wlxtflx ~kkx flt llxst elt Ckttl fllnt gldi`st.

–Ie >. _lrtlehlx

Ls fit sofwlx glfictl`# has aof eaof l`tsofckÛ# ela`l`  hci|l` la`niofl` Nxiom# a` dle aof

eat Ckttl` z|e lxstl`eicl ti`ztl# ihz|clgl`# lx wixd ihlx z|cltzt gix |`sofla`hix. I|of

fihl aof eax la`l` eiofl` cissl` gi`z wal dl` ~kxagl`# Mxigl` |`d I|nsofcig# |`d i|of

waldlx sk glchl Wlstl |`d Hla`mcladlx diz|. Gi`z wacc ls dkof dal Waxm|`g `aoft t|`. Aof

wlaÛ `aoft%%aof dl`ml# eat dlx Zlat skcc eax dlx i|of calhlx wlxdl`.–

Gkltfl's xlcital tkt dl Mlst`lxs

Flxei` Gxaee eiimt dkkx ~lxglcajma`g elt dl `ktatals |at Gkltfl's i|tkhakgxinal – I|s ela`le  Clhl` Daoft|`g |`d Wifxflat ― l` hxal~l` d|adlcajm# dit dal`s xlcital tkt Ckttl H|nn `alt elt dl

–Wlxtflx―% xkei` k~lxll`mket. kcgl`s Gxaee zlgt Ckttl's ei` Mlst`lx citlx#

–dit Ckttl l` Gkltfl `alt ll`s zk a``ag hl~xal`d wixl`. A`dlxdiid sofaj`t Gkltfl ellx elt

Mlst`lx di` elt Ckttl hl~xal`d tl zaj` glwllst7―

Ics Ckttl fle zk wla`ag hltlml`t# ast loftlx k`~lxmciixhiix# dit flt insoflad ~i` Ckttl 6 tkt dl

~kcgl`dl flntagl iotal cladt1:

–Dl k`~lxsofaccagflad# wiixell Ckttl Gkltfl ~lxmllxd hlgxajrt# dkkxdit zaj mice flt hlgxar

~i` ll` wllxzal` a` flt i`dlxl cl~l` ii`~iixdt# tlxwajc zaj fle wit dat cl~l` hltxlnt x|stag

~kkx ictajd tkt insoflad dl fi`d xlamt# dklt a` Gkltfl rcktslca`g alts kr~cieel`# wiix~i`

fajzlcn gll` ~lxekldl` fid glfid.―

^i` tajd tkt tajd sofxajnt Gkltfl dighklmioftagl hxal~l` `iix Wltzcix# ellstic ii` dl Mlst`lxs. Faj

 hlfi`dlct zaofzlcn l` zaj` ~lxfk|da`g tkt Ckttl diixa` ics ll` xkei`# dal wkxdt ~kkxtglhkxd||xd#

dal elt flt hklm –Wlxtflx's Cladl`― loftlx `alt dl ea`stl glcajml`as ~lxtkk`t92. Dl –Wlxtflx― as d|s

glwkk` ll` m|`stwlxm zk`dlx hakgxinasofl ioftlxgxk`d.

^kcgl`s Gxaee as dl mcldaj# ll` hci|wl glmcldl jis l` dl glcl hxklm# ~i` Wlxtflx a` nlatl dlmclda`g ~i`  Jlx|sicle. A` dat hci|w%glcl mkst||e ~lxsofaj`t Gkltfl a` Wlaeix. Wal zaof ii` flt

fkn `alt |at lagl` eaddlcl` a` dat |`ankxe mi` mcldl`# mxajgt flt ~i` dl flxtkg oidli|99.

> Hislxl`d kr dl clza`gl` ~i` Rxkn. Flxei` Gxaee 9674%967< ii` dl |`a~lxsatlat ~i` Hlxcaj` fllnt glfk|dl`. Tatlc:

–Gkltfl―# Rfkl`av rkomlts &91>8!

7 Rig. >?# –Gkltfl―# ~i` Rxkn. Flxei` Gxaee# Rfkl`av rkomlts &91>8!

6 Flt insoflad ~i` Ckttl wkxdt glditllxd kr 92 slrtlehlx 97781 Rig. >6# –Gkltfl―# ~i` Rxkn. Flxei` Gxaee# Rfkl`av rkomlts &91>8!

92 Rig. 72# –Gkltfl―# ~i` Rxkn. Flxei` Gxaee# Rfkl`av rkomlts &91>8!

99 Rig. 68# –Gkltfl―# ~i` Rxkn. Flxei` Gxaee# Rfkl`av rkomlts &91>8!

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Wlxtflx+Ckttl ics Rcitk`asof hllcd 

Gkltfl fllnt a` dl Ckttl ~i` zaj` xkei` ml``lcajm ll` adlicl nag||x glsofirl`# walx sofkk`flad

iccll` ic zaj` wlxm hk~l` lcm ~lxwajt ~lxflnt. Gkltfl's hlsofxaj~a`g ~i` flt calndlsriix 

Wlxtflx+Ckttl as ll` rcitk`asof hllcd l` flt as wlccaoft dl`mhiix# dit Gkltfl kkm Rcitk's

calndlsok`olrt ~i` ll` adliic# gkddlcajm –loftriix― fllnt waccl` inhllcdl`.

Lcml jk`glca`g a` dl tkl`eicagl wlxlcd hlslntl# dit lx ll` st|m Wlxtflx a` fle cllndl. Ckttl's

glstictl as zk icglell`# dit aldlx elasjl zaofzlcn a` fiix mk` tlx|g~a`dl`. Diixke as dl Wlxtflx 

kkm zk'` s|ools glwkxdl`.

Wlxtflx ics Rcitk`asof hllcd 

Tqrlxl`d ~kkx dl Wlxtflx as# dit faj h|atl` dl wlxlcd stiit. Zk wlxmt faj `alt a` dl f|adagl hltlml`as

~i` flt wkkxd# eiix majmt `llx kr dl wlxlcd l` hlsofxajnt wit faj wiix`llet. Wlxtflx stiit a`

zlmlxl za` hk~l` dl el`sl` l` rlxsk`anallxt kr zaof ll` rcitk`asof adll. Dl wlxma`g ~i` dl xkei`

 hlx|st kr dl gllstlcajml mxioft# dal lx~i` |atgiit.

K~lx zaj` glsrxlm elt zaj` ~xal`d Nxatz Jiokha hlsofxajnt Gkltfl a`  I|s ela`le Clhl` Daoft|`g  |`d Wifxflat f|` ~xal`dsofir ics ~kcgt:

–Tkl` waj insoflad ~i` lcmiix `iel`# dldl` waj dit elt flt dalrl gl~klc ~kkx ll|wag

~lxll`d tl zaj`―.

Dl mcl|xokdl gllc . hci|w 

Flt ok`olrt ~kkx –Dal Cladl` dls j|`gl` Wlxtflx― as a` irxac 9774 ~kctkkad98. A` dlzl nisl as lx a`

dl hakgxinal ~i` Gkltfl `kg gll` l`mlcl ii`wajza`g elt hltxlmma`g tkt flt sqehkcasel ~i` d

mcl|xokdl gllc . hci|w tl ~a`dl`.

Gxaee ~lxelcdt loftlx# –dit dl  Ni|st  9774 ic zk~lx glxlld wis# dit flt mk` wkxdl`

~kkxglclzl`―9?. Dl Ni|st hl~it ll` gxkkt ii`tic nacksknasofl dl`mhllcdl`# wiixk`dlx el` kkm ll`

gldlgl` st|dal dlx rcitk`asofl adllí` mi` ~lxekldl`.

98 Rig. 78# –Gkltfl―# ~i` Rxkn. Flxei` Gxaee# Rfkl`av rkomlts &91>8!

9? Rig. 68# –Gkltfl―# ~i` Rxkn. Flxei` Gxaee# Rfkl`av rkomlts &91>8!

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9768: Flt Wirl` ~i` Gkltfl

A` 9768 wkxdt Gkltfl a` dl idlcsti`d ~lxfl~l`. Ics wirl` oaxo|clxl` a` flt a`tlx`lt twll

k`twlxrl`# dal hladl kr hci|w l` zac~lx hislxl`.

A` flt twlldl# |at~klxaglx gldlokxllxdl wirl` as dl mxkk` a` ll` gllc%gk|dl` mcl|x inglhllcd# l`

zkics glhx|amlcajm elt inwasslcl`d xkdl l` hci|wl ldlcstl`l` hlzlt. A` ll` gxkkt ii`tic mxk`l` l`i`dlxl salxidl` wkxdl` inwasslcl`d xkdl l` hci|wl ldlcstl`l` ii`gltxknnl`.

Kxaga`llc &xlofts!: Okit[kn[ixes[kn[~k`[Gkltfl[nieacq.r`g 

G@\%Cazl`z nóx nxlal Dkm|el`titak` ‟ Kxaga`ic |rckidlx wis Ixmid it rc.wamarldai 

 Nag 8: JW Gkltfl's wirl` Nag ?: Wirl` ~i` dl nieacal Gkltfl

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976<: Nxi`oasok dl Eaxi`di

Gld|xl`dl ll` nllst a` flt wa`tlxsl Wlaeix ~i` 976< fllnt Gkltfl ll` i~k`d elt dl Z|ad%

Ielxamii`sl xl~kc|tak`iax  Nxi`oasok dl Eaxi`di k~lx dl tflkxal dlx rxaeiaxl mcl|xl` glsrxkml`.

Dlzl daso|ssal fllnt Eaxi`di ~kcgl`s zaj` zlggl`94 citlx gla`sraxllxd haj flt llxstl k`twlxr ~i` dl

xkkd# gllc l` hci|wl ~cig kn Gxi` Okckehai# wiix|at dl f|adagl ~ciggl` ~i` Okckehai# l`lz|lci

l` Lo|idkx zaj` inglclad9<.

L`mlcl nisl` |at Eaxi`di's hakgxinal zaj` a` Wamarldai gldko|el`tllxd. Xk`d 9779 dal`dl

faj a` flt _rii`sl clglx l` `ie 9769 dllc ii` dl scig haj _cig haj Rl`siokci# wiixhaj flt

Hxatsl Wlst Nckxadi a` _rii`sl fi`dl` k~lxga`g. Faj mllxdl citlx tlx|g `iix dl ^lxl`agdl

_titl`# wiix faj k`dlx i`dlxl Glkxgl Wisfa`gtk`#  Tfkeis Ria`l#  Iclvi`dlx Fieactk`#

Fl`xq M`kv# l` Tfkeis Jlnnlxsk` fllnt k`teklt. ^lx~kcgl`s k`dlx`ie faj ll` sofllrsxlas

~i` Hkstk` `iix L`glci`d kr 9< dlolehlx# 9764.

A` flt glsrxlm elt Eaxi`di ~kkxsrlcdl Gkltfl k`dlx dl a`dx|m ~i` dal`s lx~ixa`gl` elt dl

Ielxamii`sl xl~kc|tal l` dl xlazl` dkkx L|xkri l` flt Ielxamii`sl ok`ta`l`t:

–\ z|ct a` |w ci`d alts krhk|wl`# wiix dl rxaeiaxl mcl|xl` hlwiixd z|ccl` hcaj~l`.―

l` clgdl ~lx~kcgl`s |at# wit faj diixell hldklcdl9>:

–Llxst clgdl faj eaj |at# fkl dl axas flt caoft a` dl dxal rxaeiaxl mcl|xl` kezlt ]…U#

~lx~kcgl`s clgdl faj |at# dit gllc dl wixestl l` ldlcstl hl`idlxa`g ~kkx flt &wattl! caoft97  as=

dit hci|w ll` el`gslc ~i` krwa`da`g l` x|st ~kxet# l` ics ll` ~kxe ~i` insti`d

sofid|wl` krxklrt= l` dit xkkd ll` sq`tflsl ~i` gllc l` hci|w ~kxet# wiixa` caoft tkt

sofid|w k~lxgiit.―

–Am wac `alt zlggl`# dit dl wlxlcd |at gllc# hci|w l` xkkd as krglhk|wd= eiix dit waj

el`sl` dl wlxlcd ics a` ll` k`la`dagl okeha`ital ~i` dlzl dxal mcl|xl` wiix`lel`. ]…U

Ll` ci`d ]zk nkxe|cllxdl Gkltfl fltU k`tstiit |at ll` `iie l` ll` ~cig# dal zaof ~lx~kcgl`stkt dl adl`tatlat ~i` flt ci`d k`twammlcl` ‟ `lt zkics ll` el`s zaj` ckt k`dlxgiit.―

A` dlzl oatitl` dlna`allxt Gkltfl dl mcl|x  xkkd ics dl sq`tflsl ~i` dl rxaeiaxl hisasmcl|xl` gllc

&flt flccl caoft! l` hci|w &dl dk`mlxl sofid|w!.

Gld|xl`dl l`mlcl jixl` hclln Dl Eaxi`di dkkx L|xkri xlazl`# zk`dlx zaof lxgl`s tl

~lstagl`. A` Nxi`mxajm xiimtl faj hl~xal`d elt dl gaxk`daj`l`   Jioy|ls Ralxxl Hxasskt l`

 Jáxôel Rátak` dl ^accl`l|~l. Mkxtl tajd dal`dl faj ics gl`lxiic l` flt Nxi`sl clglx# wiixdkkx 

faj a` 9718 hltxkmml` wis haj ~lcdscigl` ke dl Z|adlcajml @ldlxci`dl` k`dlx clada`g ~i`

Ofixcls%Nxi`çkas D|ek|xalz . K`dlx ellx `ie faj a` dlolehlx 9718 Xklxek`d a` ~kkx dl

Nxi`sl`. Ii` dlzl rlxakdl as flt tl di`ml` dit el` dl `iie ~i` Nxi`oasok dl Eaxi`di ~a`dt

k`dlx dl <<6 a` dl Ixo dl Txakerfl glgxi~llxdl `iel` ~i` tl` tajdl ~i` dl @irkclk`tasofl~lcdscigl` hlci`gxajml gl`lxiics.

 

94 Eaxi`di fllnt ea`stl s twll a`sraxitalhxk``l` ~kkx flt k`twlxr ~i` dl ~cig hlsofxl~l . A` ll` hxaln ii` gxiin 

_aek` Xkei`k~aof Wkxk`zknn   &^kxk`tsk~! a` 9718# hisllxt Eaxi`di dl mcl|xml|zl kr dl tflkxal dlx rxaeiaxl

mcl|xl` tflkxq kn rxaeixq okck|xs ~i` dl D|atsl i|tl|x l` nackskkn  Jkfi`` Wkcngi g ~k` Gkltfl.9< Hxk`~lxelcda g: Ncig kn Okckehai/Fastkxq

9> L~l`ll`s a` Wamarldai gldko|el`tllxd

97 lxekldlcajm a dl ~kxe ~i` –& gllc glmcl|xd ! caoft  a` tlgl`stlcca`g tkt dl dk`mlxl sofid|wl` &ics hci|w caoft!―

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Dl fkkgtl ~i` dl mcl|xhicml`

Icfklwlc Gkltfl dl mcl|xl` gllc l` hci|w ics glcajmwiixdag fllnt hlsofk|wd# hl~it flt llxstl

k`twlxr ~i` dl ~cig ~i` Gxkkt Okckehai ll` ~llc gxktlx gllc krrlx~cim di` flt hci|wl#

xlsrlotal~lcajm xkdl gldllctl. A` nlatl ekgl` waj |at dl glcajmwiixdagflad ~i` gllc l` hci|w

incladl`# dit dl glcl l` hci|wl ~cimml` l~l` gxkkt ekltl` zaj` l` dit el` fkkg|at dl xkdl hicm 

twlleiic zk gxkkt ics dl twll i`dlxl mcl|xl` eig malzl`.

Ll` i`dlxl |atclg as l~l`t|llc# dit dl ~cig ll` glcl zk` xlrxlsl`tllxt# dal hk~l` ll` hci|wl kolii`

l` ll` xkdl iixdl krxajst# zkics flt a` flt eaddl` glrciitstl wirl` s|gglxllxt.

A` Wamarldai glr|hcaollxd dkkx _fidkwvnkv 

k`dlx dl Oxlita~l Okeek`s Ittxah|tak`%_fixl Icaml ?.2 \`rkxtld caol`tal.

9712: Gkltfl's krtasofl st|dals

Flt ofxk`kckgasofl k~lxzaoft ~lxelcdt a` flt hakgxinasofl k~lxzaoft ~i` Gkltfl krtasofl st|dals a`

dl jixl` 9712 &elt ll` r|hcaoital a` 9719! l` 971?# dl Nixhl`clfxl a` 9716 l` 962>. A` 9692 as dl

Mcl|xl`tflkxal &–Nixhl`clfxl―! ~kctkkad. \at dl daso|ssals elt Eaxi`di ekltl` waj kreiml`# dit

Gkltfl loftlx ic ea`stl`s ~ajn jiix ~xklglx# d.w.z. a` 976<# dl sqehkcasofl hltlml`as ~i` dl

 rxaeiaxl mcl|xl` fllnt k`dlxzkoft.

 

 Nag 4: Llxstl k`twlxr ~kkx dl ~cig ~i` Gxi` Okckehai# 9691%9682

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9622: Dl hci|wl hckle ~i` @k~icas

Dl hci|wl hckle ~kxet flt hlci`gxajmstl sqehkkc a` dl xkei`talm . Dl D|atsl i|tl|x  @k~icas rist

flt ok`olrt ~i` dl hci|wl hckle ics llxstl tkl a` ll` k`~kctkkad ei`|soxart elt dl tatlc  Fla`xaof  ~k` Kntlxda`gl . @i ll` k`teklta`g elt ll` ~xlledl rlxskk` lx~iixt dl tatlcflcd  Fla`xaof ~k`

Kntlxda`gl` ll` dxkke k~lx hci|wl hcklel`# dal fle tklsrxlml` l` zaj` ii`dioft krlasl`.

 @k~icas96 as kr zklm `iix dl ii`txlmma`gsmxioftl` t|ssl` tlgl`rkcl` l` wkxdt diixhaj dkkx Gkltfl

glë`sraxllxd. Kkm haj @k~icas hlfkxl` `alt iccll` gllc l` hci|w tkt dl tlgl`rkcl`# eiix kkm 

tklmkest l` ~lxcldl`# cl~l` l` dkkd# dig l` ioft. A` – Fla`xaof ~k` Kntlxda`gl`― stlct @k~icas flt

glcl gk|d tlgl`k~lx dl hci|w mcl|x 91. 

 @k~icas wlxd l~l`ll`s glë`sraxllxd dkkx Naoftl# dal ics tlgl`rkcl` flt  s|hjlot%lgk l` flt khjlot%lgk ics hlsti`ddlcl` ~i` flt ihskc|tl Lgk ~istclgt82. A` dl dlna`atal ~i` @k~icas wkxdl` flt

 s|hjlot%lgk l` flt khjlot%lgk dkkx ll` llxstl m|s tkt flt ihskc|tl Lgk ~lxl`agd89. 

Dlzl ok`olrtl` acc|stxlxl` kkm Gkltfl's srl|xtkoft `iix dl tlgl`rkcl` a` flt sqehkcasel# dal a` dl

k|dl nacksknal wkxdl` ii`gld|ad. Gkltfl fid dlzlcndl sqehkcl` gllc l` hci|w ic a` zaj` Wlxtflx 

tklglrist l` dl tflkxal haj dl daso|ssal elt Nxi`oasok dl Eaxi`di k~lx flt k`twlxr ~i` ~ciggl`~kkx `al|wl `itals ii`glfiicd. Faj eklt d|s ic ~lcl jixl` ii` dl mcl|xl`tflkxal flhhl` glwlxmt

~kkxdit dl Mcl|xl`tflkxal 9692 |atla`dlcajm ics hklm wlxd glr|hcaollxd.

 

96 Nxaldxaof ~k` Fixdl`hlxg91  Nxi`zasmi _tx|zlm%Mxäfl`hófc: Nixhl dlx \`l`dcaofmlat. Z|x Nixhsqehkcam dlx hci|l` Hc|el ~k` @k~icas.

82  Nxi`zasmi _tx|zlm%Mxäfl`hófc: Nixhl dlx \`l`dcaofmlat. Z|x Nixhsqehkcam dlx hci|l` Hc|el ~k` @k~icas.

89  Nxi`zasmi _tx|zlm%Mxäfl`hófc: Nixhl dlx \`l`dcaofmlat. Z|x Nixhsqehkcam dlx hci|l` Hc|el ~k` @k~icas.

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9692: Dl mcl|xl`tflkxal ~i` J.W. ~. Gkltfl

Haj zaj` k`dlxzklm `iix dl mcl|xl` k`tdlmtl Gkltfl flt okerclel`tiaxl riix hci|w l` gllc# dal faj

a` zaj` wlxm elt ll` ea`|s &~kkx hci|w!# xlsrlotal~lcajm rc|s &~kkx gllc! eixmllxdl88.

A` zaj` mcl|xl`tflkxal hlsofk|wdl faj  hci|w l` gllc ics a`da~ad|lcl# okerclel`tiaxl tlgl`rkcl #

wiix|at iccl i`dlxl mcl|xl` wkxdl` inglclad8?. Hci|w hlfkkxt tkt flt dk`mlx l` gllc tkt flt caoft.

 Dlzl inhllcda`g hlfkkxt tkt flt  r|hcao dkeia` l` as dkkx dl i|tl|x  C|lstca`g glr|hcaollxd a` dl.wamarldai 

Flt mcl|xhlxlam oqii`%hci|w tkt ~akclt hl~a`dt zaof ii` dl (d|astlxl( mk|dl zajdl tlgl`k~lx gllc

xkkd ii` dl (caoftl( wixel zajdl. Dl hci|wioftagl# 'mk|dl' l` gllcioftagl# wixel ta`tl` wkxdl` a`

dl hk~l`stii`dl mcl|xl`oaxmlc ~lxhk`dl` dkkx &k`dlx! gxkl` l` &hk~l`! eigl`ti# dit dkkx Gkltfl

R|xrlx gl`kled wkxdt.

Gxkl` hl~a`dt zaof kr dl oaxmlc ii` dl k`dlxzajdl t|ssl` wixe l` mk|d# t|ssl` dl rxaeiaxl mcl|xl`

oqii`%hci|w l` gllc. Eigl`ti &r|xrlx# riixs! hl~a`dt zaof ii` dl hk~l`zajdl tlgl`k~lx gxkl`.

Eigl ti+R|xrlx ~kxet dl sq`tflsl ~i` dl a`tl`sal~lxl mcl|xl` ~i` dl d|astlxl l` dl caoftl zajdl#

dal kkm ic haj dl Xkela`l` ll` xlcagal|zl hltlml`as fllnt glfid.

88  Nxi`zasmi _tx|zlm%Mxäfl`hófc: Nixhl dlx \`l`dcaofmlat. Z|x Nixhsqehkcam dlx hci|l` Hc|el ~k` @k~icas.

8? Gkltfl # Wlxml# kc|el 9?

 Nag <: Gkltfl's mcl|xl`oaxmlc 

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@lwtk` l` Gkltfl

Dl mcl|xl`tflkxal ~i` Gkltfl wajmt in ~i` @lwtk`'s ok`olrt. @lwtk` giit lx~i` |at dit flt wattl

caoft |at k`infi`mlcajml mcl|xl` as siel`glstlcd. Gkltfl giit lx~i` |at dit dl mcl|xl` |at flt

siel`srlc ~i` caoft l` dk`mlx k`tstii`.

–@lwtk` ioolrtllxt iccl` srlotxicl caoftokerk`l`tl` ics rxaeiaxl mcl|xl . Gkltfladl`tanaollxt diixl`tlgl` a` zaj`  mcl|xl`oaxmlc dl hlci`gxajml xkc ~i` dl `alt%srlotxicl

okerk`l`t eigl`ti# dal kkm a` dl ekdlx`l mcl|xl`sqstlel` `kg stllds ll` gxktl xkc

srllct(]89U 84

Gkltfl ok`oc|dllxt &`i ll` ci`gl st|dal!:

• –Gllc as ll` caoft# dit dkkx flt d|astlx wkxdt ~lxzwimt. Hci|w as ll` d|astlx# dit dkkx caoft

wkxdt ~lxzwimt. –

• –Lx zaj` sclofts twll r|xl mcl|xl` ‟  hci|w l` gllc. Iccl i`dlxl mcl|xl` zaj` diix~i`

inglclad.―

Gkltfl wajddl ll` gxkkt dllc ~i` zaj` cl~l` ii` dl hlst|dlxa`g ~i` mcl|xl` l` i`dlxl`it||xwltl`sofirrlcajml ~lxsofaj`slcl`. Fklwlc Gkltfl ~kkxic ics daoftlx hlml`d as glwkxdl`# zig

faj zlcn zaj `it||xwltl`sofirrlcajml wlxm ics zaj` gxkktstl ~lxdal`stl. Tlgl` zaj ~xal`d l`

eldlwlxmlx Jkfi`` Rltlx Lomlxei`` zla Gkltfl ii` flt la`dl ~i` zaj` cl~l`8<:

–I|n Iccls wis aof ics Rklt glclastlt fihl# hacdl aof eax gix `aofts la`. ]...U DiÛ aof ihlx a`

ela`le Jifxf|`dlxt a` dlx sofwalxagl` Wassl`sofint dlx Nixhl`clfxl dlx La`zagl ha`# dlx 

dis Xloftl wlaÛ# dixi|n t|l aof eax ltwis z| g|tl―8>.

–K~lx iccls wit am ics daoftlx glrxlstllxd flh hllcd am eaj flcleiic `ams a`. ]...U Eiix dit am 

a` eaj` ll|w a` dl eklacajml wltl`sofir ~i` dl mcl|xl`cllx dl l`agl hl` dal flt j|astl wllt#

dit ~lxsofint eaj gl`klgl`.―

Gkltfl ~klgt diixii` tkl# dit dl mcl|xl`cllx –zaj` fic~l cl~l`― fllnt glmkst:

–Flt srajt el kr gll` l`mlcl ei`alx dit ]am dl mcl|xl`cllx glsofxl~l`U= fklwlc am lx dl

eklatl ~i` ll` ficn cl~l` a` glstkml` flh. Am fid eassofal` ll` ficn dkzaj` txl|xsrlcl`

ellx glsofxl~l`# dit as iccls l` hk~l`dal` z|ccl` lx `kg gl`klg el`sl` `i eaj mkel`.―

Ke dlzl xldl`l` as Gkltfl's mcl|xl`tflkxal diixke wlccaoft `alt iccll` kr ll` `it||xm|`dagl#

eiix kkm kr ll` nacksknasofl ioftlxgxk`d glhisllxd.

Faj fllnt aeelxs dl xl~kc|tak`iaxl cladlx Nxi`oasok dl Eaxi`di elt nacksknasofl ixg|el`tl` m|``l`

a`sraxlxl` dl `itak`icl ~ciggl` ~i` Okckehai# ^l`lz|lci l` Lo|idkx |at xkkd# hci|w l` gllc kr tl

 hk|wl`# icfklwlc xkkd a` dl okxxlotl mcl|xl`tflkxal `alt ics sq`tflsl ~i` hci|w l` gllc mi`

wkxdl` inglclad.

84 i h Xahl _tla`cl# 8228

8< — Gkltfl# gloatllxd dkkx Jkfi`` Lomlxei``# Ok`~lxsitak`s kn Gkltfl # &tx Jkf` Kvl`nkxd  !# Ck`dk`# 91?2# r?28

8> 91 nlhx|ixa 9681

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Khslssal

\at dl khslssal# dit flt mcl|xl`sqstlle twll tlgl`rkcl` eklt hl~ittl`# fllnt Gkltfl eaj`s a`zal`s

inglclad# dit gllc l` hci|w i`tarkdl` zaj` l` xkkd ics sq`tflsl eklt wkxdl` hlsofk|wd.

Ll` hcam kr dl xlgl`hkkg cllxt loftlx# dit iccll` dl xi`dmcl|xl` xkkd l` hci|w ics tlgl`rkcl` a`

ii`elxma`g mkel`. Dlzl i`tarkdl` fid Gkltfl elt flt k`glwirl`dl kkg m|``l` ~lxanaíxl`. Ll` hcam a` dl Hajhlc fid kkm dl xlcagal|zl hltlml`as ~i` xkkd l` hci|w d|adlcajm hl`idx|mt.

Gllc k`tstiit dkkx flt siel`selctl` ~i` dl rxaeiaxl mcl|xl` xkkd l` gxkl` l` as zlcn gll` rxaeiaxl

mcl|x. Eigl`ti &r|xrlx! as dl okerclel`tiaxl tlgl`rkkc ~i` dl rxaeiaxl mcl|x gxkl`# eiix 

k`thxllmt a` dl xlgl`hkkg.

A` dl `ieaddig ~lxi`dlxt dl mcl|x ~i` flt zk`caoft ~i` watgllc tkt kxi`jl l` xkkd `iixeitlx flt

zk`caoft daoftlxl iteksnlxasofl cigl` eklt dkkxckrl`. Diixhaj ~lxi`dlxt dl caofthci|wl

ioftlxgxk`dmcl|x ~i` dl flelc tlgl` dl i~k`d a` ll` dk`mlxxkkd ~akclt. ^kcgl`s Gkltfl `lagl` dl

mcl|xl` gllc l` hci|w di` a` hladl gl~iccl` tkt xkkd:

–Xkt `lfel` wax icsk ~kxlxst ics mla`l lagl`l Nixhl i`# sk`dlx` ml``l` ls ics la`l Lagl`sofint# wlcofl dl` Glchl` |`d Hci|l` z|mkeel` mi`` Xkt stlft wldlx dle Hci|l`

ics dle Glchl` l`tglgl`= ls l`tstlft ~alcelfx i|s af`l`= ls ast la` Z|sti`d# a` dl` sal

~lxsltzt wlxdl` mþ``l`# |`d zwix wal wax falx ~kxcä|nag slfl`# d|xof ^lxdaoft|`g |`d d|xof I|nla`i`dlx Dxä`g|`g dlx Tlacl―

Flt k`thxlml` ~i` flt `alt%srlotxicl el`gmcl|x –eigl`ti― a` dl xlgl`hkkg wkxdt dkkx ~akclttl

okerk`l`tl` ~lxsc|alxd# eiix as a` dl k|dl xlcagals krgl~iccl`. Eigl`ti &r|xrlx! wlxd diixke

`iist dl hajhlfkxl`dl rxaeiaxl mcl|xl` xkkd l` hci|w ics xlcagal|s sqehkkc hlsofk|wd.

Dkkx Gkltfl's tflsl` zaj` lx a` da~lxsl m|`st~kxel` glcl lclel`tl` a`glsckrl`# dal wlcaswiix 

 rxa`oarallc okxxlot ics lclel`tiaxl sqehkcl` hldklcd wixl`# eiix a` nlatl gldllctlcajm kr ll`

eas~lxsti`d hlx|stl`. A` dl xkei`tasofl catlxit||x wlxd flt gllc dkkx @k~icas glë`txkd|ollxd l` a`dl ~ciggl`m|`dl fllnt Nxi`oasok dl Eaxi`di gllc ics k`dlxdllc ~i` l`mlcl Z|ad%Ielxamii`sl

~ciggl` a`gl~klxd.

 Nag 7: Xlgl`hkkg   Nag >: XGH % dxlafklm 

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_iel`~itta`g

Dl mwa`tlssl`s ~i` dl Ni|st as d|s# dit Gkd kkm hlxlad as dl dkkx –hlmkxa`g― gltlastlxdl Ni|st#

siel` elt zaj` eashx|amtl –loftgl`ktl+glcalndl― Gxltofl` a` ll` flelcs f|wlcajm tl xlddl # eats

dl zk`diix ictfi`s ~i` gkldl wac as.

A` dlzl Ni|st ~kxel` dl gkldl ~xk|w Gxltofl` l` dl sc|wl Ni|st tlgl`rkcl`# dal el` a` dl k|dlxlcagal ics –dl i`dxkgq`l el`s Idie― elt dl mcl|xl` xkkd l` hci|w# eiix a` dl xkei`tasofl

catlxit||x elt gllc l` hci|w fllnt glsqehkcasllxd.

A` Gkltfl's mcl|xl`tflkxal as dl mcl|xokdl diixke ~i` ei``lcajm  xkkd  l` ~xk|wlcajm  hci|w a`

ei``lcajm  gllc l` ~xk|wlcajm  hci|w ~lxi`dlxd. Flt as dlzlcndl mcl|xl`okdl# dal @k~icas a` zaj`

wlxml` elt gllc ~kkx flt s|hjlot%lgk l`  hci|w ~kkx flt khjlot%lgk fllnt gldlna`allxd.

Zk glzal` ~kxel` dl Ni|st elt flt flelcsl f|wlcajm l` mcl|xl`tflkxal elt dl mcl|xokdls gllc#

  hci|w l` xkkd?8 siel` ll` glfllc# dit dl daoftlx Gkltfl ic 9778 kr 8?%jixagl cllntajd fllnt

glok`oarallxd. Flt ok`olrt mket inglzal` ~i` dl inwajma`g a` dl tklglristl mcl|xokdls glfllc

k~lxll` elt dl txidatak`lcl# ll|wl`k|dl soflrra`gsclgl`dls.

\atla`dlcajm mi` el` ics el`s kkm `alt loft alts `al|ws |at~a`dl`. Iccls as ic ll`s |atglrxkhllxd.

El` mi` dl clgl`dl fkkg|at kr ll` i`dlxl wajzl ~lxficl`...

?8 Gllc ~kkx flt ei `lcajml lclel`t# hci|w ~kkx flt ~xk|wlcajml lclel`t l` xkkd ~kkx dl gkddlcajml sqtflsl

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A`fk|d

A`clada`g................................................................................................................................................9

9774: Dal Cladl` dls j|`gl` Wlxtflx..................................................................................................?

Wlxtflx's mclda`gsokdl....................................................................................................................?

Gkltfl's xlcital tkt dl Mlst`lxs........................................................................................................?

Wlxtflx+Ckttl ics Rcitk`asof hllcd..................................................................................................4

Wlxtflx ics Rcitk`asof hllcd............................................................................................................4

Dl mcl|xokdl gllc hci|w.............................................................................................................4

9768: Flt Wirl` ~i` Gkltfl...............................................................................................................<

976<: Nxi`oasok dl Eaxi`di................................................................................................................>

Dl fkkgtl ~i` dl mcl|xhicml`.........................................................................................................7

9712: Gkltfl's krtasofl st|dals............................................................................................................7

9622: Dl hci|wl hckle ~i` @k~icas....................................................................................................6

9692: Dl mcl|xl`tflkxal ~i` J.W. ~. Gkltfl........................................................................................1

 @lwtk` l` Gkltfl.........................................................................................................................92

Khslssal.........................................................................................................................................9996?9: Ni|st.........................................................................................................................................98

_iel`~itta`g......................................................................................................................................9?