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Chapter 14: Integration of Nervous System Functions Multiple Choice

1. Which of the following is a somatic sense

1. C! touch

"nswer: c #evel: 1

$. If you feel someone touch you on the shoul%er& the person has stimulate% a'n! (((( sense.

$. )! somatic

"nswer: * #evel: $

+. When people smo,e cigarettes& they %amage some of their taste *u%s. Which type of sense has *een%amage% *y the smo,ing

1. "! special

4. Which of the following is a visceral sense mo%ality

1. "! pain

-. ision is %epen%ent upon "! chemoreceptors.

1. )! photoreceptors.

$. C! thermoreceptors.

+. /! mechanoreceptors.

4. 0! nociceptors

"nswer: * #evel: 1

. Mechanoreceptors respon% to

1. "! compression of receptors.

$. )! irritation of nerve en%ings.

+. C! light stri,ing the receptors.

4. /! *in%ing of molecules to mem*rane receptors

-. 0! a change in temperature.

"nswer: a #evel: 1

2. " state of conscious awareness of stimuli receive% *y sensory receptors is calle%

1. "! a%aptation.

$. )! pro3ection.

+. C! translation.

4. /! perception.

-. 0! inclination.

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"nswer: % #evel: 1

. Which of the following pairs is mismatche%

1. "! visceroreceptors 5 associate% with organs

$. )! a%aptation 5 %ecrease% sensitivity to continue% stimulus

+. C! pro3ection 5 sensation is perceive% at the site of the stimulus

4. /! proprioceptors 5 information a*out *o%y position

-. 0! e6teroreceptors 5 associate% with the viscera

"nswer: e #evel: 1

7. 8he pain a person e6periences with acute appen%icitis results from stimulating nerve en%ings calle%

1. "! e6teroreceptors.

$. )! internoreceptors.

+. C! visceroreceptors.

4. /! proprioceptors.

-. 0! appen%oreceptors.

"nswer: c

#evel: 1

19. Free nerve en%ings respon% to "! temperature change an% pain.

1. )! pressure an% vi*ration.

$. C! light touch an% two5point %iscrimination.

+. /! temperature change an% pressure.

4. 0! chemicals.

"nswer: a #evel: 1

11. When a person is *lin%fol%e%& why is it %ifficult to %istinguish hot from col% o*3ects

1. "! " person must *e a*le to see what they are hol%ing in or%er to perceive temperature.

$. )! 8emperatures a*ove +2 %egrees centigra%e actually stimulate the col% receptors.

+. C! ain receptors are stimulate% *y *oth very hot an% very col% o*3ects.

4. /! Most temperature receptors cannot %ifferentiate hot from col%.

-. 0! ain receptors are inhi*ite% *y *oth very hot an% very col% o*3ects.

"nswer: c #evel: $

1$. Which of the following is mismatche%

1. "! Mer,el;s %is,s 5 light touch

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$. )! acinian corpuscle 5 vi*ration

+. C! Meissner;s corpuscles 5 two5point %iscrimination

4. /!

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-. 0! perception.

"nswer: * #evel: 1

12. 8he ((((((((( ((((((((( are %istri*ute% throughout the %ermal papillae an% are involve in((((((((((((( ((((((((((( touch.

1. "! Mer,el@s %is,sA very %eep

$. )! acinian corpusclesA very light

+. C! Muscle spin%lesA fine proprioceptive

4. /! ?olgi organsA limite% awareness

-. 0! Meissner@s corpusclesA two5point %iscrimination

"nswer: e #evel: 1

1. /ecrease% sensitivity to a continue% stimulus is calle%

1. "! a%aptation.

$. )! pro3ection.

+. C! translation.

4. /! con%uction.

-. 0! phantom pain.

"nswer: a #evel: 1

17. Which of the following is an ascen%ing pathway in the spinal cor%

1. "! lateral spinothalamic tract

$. )! fasciculus gracilis

+. C! lateral corticospinal tract

4. /! tectospinal tract

-. 0! corticospinal tract

"nswer: a #evel: 1

$9. #esions on one si%e of the spinal cor% cut the lateral spinothalamic tract an% eliminate

1. "! sensations of touch from *oth si%es *elow the level of in3ury.

$. )! proprioception on the same si%e of the *o%y *elow the level of the in3ury.

C! pain sensations on the opposite si%e of the *o%y *elow the level of in3ury.

1. /! sensations of itching on the opposite si%e of the *o%y *elow the level of the in3ury.

$. 0! sensations of tic,le on the same si%e of the *o%y *elow the level of in3ury.

"nswer: c #evel: $

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$1. In an ascen%ing pathway& a6ons of the secon%ary neuron travel from the

1. "! receptor to the spinal cor%.

$. )! receptor to the *rain.

+. C! spinal cor% through the *rainstem to the thalamus.

4. /! thalamus to the cere*ral corte6.

-. 0! spinal cor% to cere*ellum.

"nswer: c #evel: 1

$$. 8he portion of the %orsal column me%ial lemniscal tract that carries proprioceptive sensations fromnerve en%ings in the feet an% legs is the

1. "! nucleus gracilis.

$. )! nucleus cuneatus.

+. C! fasciculus gracilis.

4. /! fasciculus cuneatus.

-. 0! fasciculus nucleus.

"nswer: c

#evel: 1

$+. 8he fasciculus gracilis an% fasciculus cuneatus woul% help us

1. "! perceive pain.

$. )! locate position of *o%y parts.

+. C! sense temperature.

4. /! move our arms an% legs.

-. 0! write a sentence.

"nswer: * #evel: 1

$4. Which of the following is mismatche%

1. "! spinotectal tract 5 visual refle6es

$. )! spinoolivary tract 5 *alance

+. C! spinoreticular tract 5 pain

4. /! spinocere*ellar tract 5 proprioception

-. 0! spinocere*ellar tract = comparator function

"nswer: c #evel: 1

$-. 8he gate control theory of pain says that pain impulses traveling through the lateral spinothalamictract can *e suppresse% *y increase% activity of the

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"! anterior spinothalamic tract.

1. )! tertiary neurons.

$. C! e6trapyrami%al tracts.

+. /! %orsal column me%ial lemniscal system.

4. 0! spinocere*ellar tracts.

"nswer: % #evel: 1

$. "mputees freBuently perceive pain in the amputate% structure. 8his type of pain is calle%

1. "! chronic pain.

$. )! phantom pain

+. C! referre% pain.

4. /! gate pain.

-. 0! ghost pain.

"nswer: * #evel: 1

$2. When the CNS respon%s to tissue %amage *y %ecreasing the pain threshol% an% increasing itssensitivity to pain& this is calle%

1. "! referre% pain.

$. )! central sensiti>ation.

+. C! peripheral sensiti>ation.

4. /! cumulative sensiti>ation.

-. 0! phantom pain.

"nswer: *

#evel: 1

$. 8he primary somatic sensory or general sensory area is locate% in

1. "! the postcentral gyrus

$. )! the precentral gyrus

+. C! the prefrontal gyrus

4. /! the central sulcus

-. 0! the superior temporal gyrus

"nswer: a #evel: 1

$7. 8he si>e of various regions of the somatic sensory corte6 is proportional to the ((((((( sensoryreceptors in that area of the *o%y.

1. "! si>e of

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$. )! location of

+. C! num*er of

4. /! si>e of muscles in

-. 0! position of the

"nswer: c #evel: 1

+9. /uring *rain surgery& the superior portion of the somatic sensory corte6 of a patient is

stimulate%. 8he patient is most li,ely to

1. "! fle6 his fingers.

$. )! tal, to the surgeon.

+. C! smile.

4. /! feel something touching his han%.

-. 0! wiggle his toes.

"nswer: % #evel: $

+1. Which of the following functions is most li,ely to *e performe% *y the visual association area

1. "! recogni>es the face of a close frien%

$. )! sees the shape of the visual image

+. C! senses pain impulses

4. /! moves the eyes

-. 0! DseesE color

"nswer: a

#evel: $

+$. 8he conscious perception of cutaneous sensations occurs in the cere*ral corte6& *ut these sensationsare perceive% as if they were on the surface of the *o%y. 8his is calle%

1. "! association.

$. )! perception.

+. C! pro3ection.

4. /! integration.

-. 0! locali>ation

"nswer: c

#evel: 1

++. 8he primary motor area

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1. "! contains sensory neurons for the face in its inferior portion.

$. )! contains a smaller area for control of the han%s than for control of the legs.

+. C! contains neurons that control smooth muscle.

4. /! contains more motor neurons for the thighs than the mouth.

-. 0! contains a larger area for control of the han% an% fingers than for control of the arm an%

el*ow. "nswer: e #evel: $

+4. pper motor neurons

1. "! are foun% in the visual corte6.

$. )! control s,eletal muscles.

+. C! are responsi*le for planning voluntary movements.

4. /! are locate% in the prefrontal area.

-. 0! control smooth muscle.

"nswer: *

#evel: 1

+-. If you %eci%e to snap your fingers& the first neurons to *e stimulate% are the

1. "! association neurons.

$. )! premotor neurons.

+. C! postmotor neurons.

4. /! sensory neurons.

-. 0! sensory receptors.

"nswer: * #evel: 1

+. Impulses that initiate motivation an% forethought originate in

1. "! the postcentral gyrus.

$. )! the precentral gyrus.

+. C! the prefrontal area.

4. /! )roca;s area.

-. 0! the central sulcus.

"nswer: c #evel: 1

+2. If a person %eci%e% to 3ump over a chair& which of the following areas organi>es the motor functionsnee%e% to carry out this action.

1. "! visual corte6

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$. )! premotor area

+. C! prefrontal area

4. /! au%itory association area

-. 0! visual association area

"nswer: * #evel: 1

+. Wernic,e;s area is necessary for

1. "! motivation.

$. )! un%erstan%ing an% formulating coherent speech.

+. C! initiating the muscular movements of speech.

4. /! processing visual images.

-. 0! smiling.

"nswer: * #evel: 1

+7. /amage to Wernic,e;s area woul% result in

1. "! facial paralysis.

$. )! facial tics.

+. C! aphasia.

4. /! seeing stars.

-. 0! apra6ia.

"nswer: c

#evel: $

49. If )roca;s area is %amage%& the result is

1. "! loss of memory.

$. )! impairment in the movement of the right leg.

+. C! *lin%ness.

4. /! hesitant an% %istorte% speech.

-. 0! ina*ility to thin, of things to say.

"nswer: % #evel: 1

41. " patient has suffere% a cere*ral hemorrhage that has %amage% the primary motor area of his rightcere*ral corte6. "s a result the

1. "! patient cannot voluntarily move his right arm or leg.

$. )! patient feels no sensations on the left si%e of his *o%y.

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+. C! patient cannot voluntarily move his left eye.

4. /! patient;s heart stops *eating.

-. 0! patient cannot voluntarily move his left arm or leg.

"nswer: e #evel: $

4$. arious areas of the corte6 form functional pathways to con%uct action potentials necessary toperform specific functions. "rrange the areas *elow in proper seBuence to accomplish rea%ing a poemalou%:

1. visual association area

$. premotor area

+. )roca;s area

4. primary motor area -. Wernic,e;s area

. visual corte6

1. "! 1& & -& +& 4& $

$. )! & 1& -& +& $& 4

+. C! & 1& +& -& 4& $

4. /! 1& $& 4& -& & +

-. 0! -& 4& +& & 1& $

"nswer: * #evel: $

4+. Which of the cortical areas liste% *elow is most li,ely to *e stimulate% first when repeating a wor% you3ust hear% spo,en

1. "! au%itory association area

$. )! )roca;s area

+. C! primary motor area

4. /! primary au%itory corte6

-. 0! Wernic,e@s area.

"nswer: %

#evel: $

44. Which of the following statements concerning the %escen%ing pathways of the spinal cor% is true1. "! Most %escen%ing pathways control sensory functions.

$. )! Many of the %escen%ing pathways %ecussate in the mi%*rain.

+. C! /escen%ing pathways consist of upper an% lower motor neurons.

4. /! /escen%ing pathways must synapse in the thalamus.

-. 0! 8hese pathways start in the spinal cor% an% en% in the *rain.

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"nswer: c

#evel: 1

4-. Which of the following is a %escen%ing pathway in the spinal cor%

1. "! fasciculus gracilis

$. )! corticospinal tract

+. C! spinothalamic tract

4. /! spinoreticular tract

-. 0! trigeminothalamic tract

"nswer: * #evel: 1

4. Which of the following pairs is mismatche%

1. "! corticospinal tract 5 movements& especially the han%s

$. )! cortico*ul*ar tract 5 movements in the hea% an% nec,

+. C! ru*rospinal tract 5 two5point %iscrimination

4. /! vesti*ulospinal tract 5 maintains upright posture

-. 0! reticulospinal 5 maintenance of posture

"nswer: c #evel: 1

42. In%icate the or%er of each of the following in a %escen%ing pathway. 1. cere*ral corte6

$. pyrami%s

+. cere*ral pe%uncles

4. internal capsule

1. "! 1& $& +& 4

$. )! 1& +& 4& $

+. C! 1& +& $& 4

4. /! $& 4& +& 1

-. 0! 1& 4& +& $

"nswer: e

#evel: $

4. 8wo tracts foun% within the e6trapyrami%al system are the

1. "! ru*rospinal an% corticospinal.

$. )! spinothalamic an% tectospinal.

C! vesti*ulospinal an% ru*rospinal.

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1. /! cortico*ul*ar an% vesti*ulospinal.

$. 0! corticospinal an% cortico*ul*ar

"nswer: c #evel: 1

47. 8he e6trapyrami%al system

1. "! controls the spee% of s,ille% movements.

$. )! maintains control of unconscious movements.

+. C! interprets cutaneous perception.

4. /! pro3ects sensory information from the me%ulla to the cere*rum.

-. 0! control facial e6pression& mastication& an% tongue movements.

"nswer: * #evel: 1

-9. Which of the following result when the spinal cor% is hemitransecte% 'cut! on the left si%e

1. loss of pain an% thermal sensations *elow the in3ury on the left si%e

$. loss of pain an% thermal sensations *elow the in3ury on the right si%e

+. loss of fine touch an% pressure sensations *elow the in3ury on the left si%e 4. loss of fine touch an%pressure sensations *elow the in3ury on right si%e -. loss of fine motor control on the right si%e *elow thein3ury

. loss of fine motor control on the left si%e *elow the in3ury

1. "! 1& +& -

$. )! $& 4&

+. C! $& +&

4. /! 1& +& 4&

-. 0! 1& 4& -&

"nswer: c #evel: +

-1. #esion of the *asal nuclei coul% cause

1. "! loss of memory.

$. )! uncontrolle% rage.

+. C! fluent *ut circular speech.

4. /! a slight sha,ing of the han%s or hea%.

-. 0! loss of sensation.

"nswer: % #evel: 1

-$. 8he cere*ellum functions as a comparator. 8his means that the cere*ellum compares

1. "! the incoming sensory stimuli with the outgoing sensory stimuli.

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$. )! inten%e% movements with actual movements.

+. C! spinal cor% activity with the activity of the cere*rum.

4. /! the right cere*ellar hemisphere with the left cere*ellar hemisphere.

-. 0! an% coor%inates rapi%& comple6 movements li,e figure s,ating.

"nswer: * #evel: 1

-+. " nurse is caring for a patient who e6hi*its the following symptoms:

1. ina*ility to maintain *alance while wal,ing

$. normal intelligence

+. can initiate voluntary movements although they are somewhat uncoor%inate%. 4. %ecrease% tone in thes,eletal muscles

8he patient is pro*a*ly suffering from a con%ition that affecte% the

1. "! mi%*rain.

$. )! cere*ellum.

+. C! *asal ganglia.

4. /! cere*ral corte6.

-. 0! *rainstem.

"nswer: * #evel: +

-4. Which of the following woul% you o*serve in a patient with a tumor of the cere*ellum

1. "! loss of general sensation

$. )! *alance impairment

+. C! no heart*eat

4. /! great se6 %rive

-. 0! no conscious thought

"nswer: * #evel: $

--. Which transmitter su*stance has *een implicate% in ar,inson;s %isease

1. "! norepinephrine

$. )! %opamine

+. C! serotonin

4. /! ?")"

-. 0! acetylcholine

"nswer: * #evel: 1

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-. 8he *rainstem

1. "! inclu%es nuclei of cranial nerves II = GII.

$. )! contains centers for several vital refle6es li,e heart rate an% *loo% pressure.

+. C! contains the reticular formation.

4. /! contains nuclei for vomiting an% snee>ing refle6es.

-. 0! all of the a*ove

"nswer: e #evel: 1

-2. 8he right cere*ral hemisphere

"! receives sensory input from the left si%e of the *o%y.

1. )! is the %ominant hemisphere for speech in most people.

$. C! ten%s to *e smaller than the left cere*ral hemisphere.

+. /! contains no association areas.

4. 0! is not connecte% to the left cere*ral hemisphere.

"nswer: a

#evel: 1

-. Which of these activities is associate% with the left cere*ral hemisphere in most people

1. "! motor control of left si%e of the *o%y

$. )! mathematics an% speech

+. C! spatial perception

4. /! recognition of faces

-. 0! musical a*ility

"nswer: * #evel: 1

-7. Which of these activities is associate% with the right cere*ral hemisphere in most people

1. "! a%%ing num*ers

$. )! reciting the ?ettys*urg a%%ress

+. C! painting a watercolor lan%scape

4. /! using a calculator

-. 0! ma,ing a househol% *u%get

"nswer: c #evel: 1

9. Which of the following pairs is mismatche%

1. "! left cere*ral hemisphere 5 analytical hemisphere

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$. )! left cere*ral hemisphere 5 speech area for most of the population

+. C! right cere*ral hemisphere 5 recognition of faces

4. /! left cere*ral hemisphere 5 spatial perception

-. 0! left cere*ral hemisphere = mathematical hemisphere

"nswer: % #evel: 1

1. " person suffering a stro,e in the right parietal lo*e may lose the a*ility to recogni>e faces. 8his iscalle%

1. "! aphasia.

$. )! apre6ia.

+. C! athetosis.

4. /! amorphosynthesis.

-. 0! incoherency.

"nswer: % #evel: 1

$. 8he type of *rain waves o*serve% in an in%ivi%ual who is awa,e *ut in a Buiet resting state with eyesclose% are ((((( waves.

1. "! alpha

$. )! *eta

+. C! %elta

4. /! theta

-. 0! gamma

"nswer: a #evel: 1

+. )rain waves associate% with information processing or pro*lem solving are (((( waves.

1. "! alpha

$. )! *eta

+. C! %elta

4. /! theta

-. 0! ,appa

"nswer: * #evel: 1

4. In short5term memory&

1. "! information is retaine% for less than a secon%.

$. )! the frontal lo*e plays the most important role.

+. C! the limit to information store% is appro6imately $9 *its.

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4. /! when new information is presente%& ol% information is eliminate%.

-. 0! a*out 1$ *its of information can *e store%.

"nswer: % #evel: 1

-. #ong5term memory may involve

1. "! an influ6 of potassium ions into the neuron.

$. )! activating su*stance .

+. C! a change in the shape of the neuron;s cytos,eleton.

4. /! forming a nerve ple6us.

-. 0! rearranging neurons in the *rain.

"nswer: c #evel: 1

. " series of neurons involve% in long5term retention of a thought is calle%

1. "! an 00?.

$. )! a *rain wave.

+. C! a memory engram.

4. /! short5term memory.

-. 0! a memory trace.

"nswer: c #evel: 1

2. " patient with a lesion in the hippocampus may have %ecrease% "! sensory memory.

1. )! avlovian refle6es.

$. C! proce%ural memory.

+. /! %eclarative memory.

4. 0! short term memory.

"nswer: %

#evel: $

. roce%ural memory is store% primarily in the

1. "! hippocampus an% amyg%ala.

$. )! central sulcus an% Wernic,e;s area.

+. C! cere*ellum an% premotor area of cere*ral corte6.

4. /! temporal lo*e an% frontal lo*e.

-. 0! pons an% mi%*rain.

"nswer: c #evel: 1

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7. " *ase*all pitcher was hit on the si%e of the hea% *y a line %rive. When he was revive%& he coul% notremem*er how many *alls an% stri,es the *atter ha%. 8his was *ecause

1. "! short5term memory ha% not *een converte% to sensory memory.

$. )! he lost *oth sensory an% short5term memory.

+. C! long5term memory ha% not *een converte% to sensory memory.

4. /! he lost long5term memory.

-. 0! none of the a*ove

"nswer: *

#evel: $

29. Which of the following is an e6ample of proce%ural or refle6ive memory

1. "! remem*ering your name

$. )! ri%ing a *icycle

+. C! locating

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2+. #a*el area D"E on the cere*ral corte6.

1. "! visual corte6

$. )! primary motor corte6

+. C! primary somatic sensory corte6

4. /! motor speech area ')roca@s area!

-. 0! sensory speech area 'Wernic,e@s area!

"nswer: * #evel: 1

24. #a*el area D)E on the cere*ral corte6.

1. "! visual corte6

$. )! primary motor corte6

+. C! primary somatic sensory corte6

4. /! motor speech area ')roca@s area!

-. 0! sensory speech area 'Wernic,e@s area!

"nswer: c #evel: 1

2-. #a*el area DCE on the cere*ral corte6.

1. "! visual corte6

$. )! primary motor corte6

+. C! primary somatic sensory corte6

4. /! motor speech area ')roca@s area!

-. 0! sensory speech area 'Wernic,e@s area!

"nswer: %

#evel: 1

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2. #a*el area D/E on the cere*ral corte6.

1. "! visual corte6

$. )! primary motor corte6

+. C! primary somatic sensory corte6

4. /! motor speech area ')roca@s area!

-. 0! sensory speech area 'Wernic,e@s area!

"nswer: e #evel: 1

22. #a*el area D0E on the cere*ral corte6.

1. "! visual corte6

$. )! primary motor corte6

+. C! primary somatic sensory corte6

4. /! motor speech area ')roca@s area!

-. 0! sensory speech area 'Wernic,e@s area!

"nswer: a #evel: 1

For Buestions 2 to 1 match the following types of *rain waves with their appropriate %escription.

1. "! usually occur in chil%ren or in a%ults e6periencing frustration

$. )! o*serve% in a person who is awa,e& Buiet& an% resting& with eyes close%

+. C! occur in %eep sleep& infancy an% patients with *rain %isor%ers

4. /! occur %uring intense mental activity

2. alpha waves "nswer: *

#evel: 1

27. *eta waves "nswer: %

#evel: 1

9. theta waves "nswer: a

#evel: 1

1. %elta waves "nswer: c

#evel: 1

For Buestions $ to match the following terms with their %efinitions.

1. "! the part of the *rain involve% in the actual %eclarative memory

$. )! the largest of the cere*ral commissures

C! an en>yme that causes %egra%ation of %en%ritic cytos,eletons

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1. /! a series of neurons involve% in long5term memory

$. 0! a part of the temporal lo*e involve% in a%%ing emotional overtones to a memory

$. calpain "nswer: c #evel: 1

+. memory engram "nswer: %

#evel: 1

4. hippocampus "nswer: a

#evel: 1

-. amyg%ala "nswer: e

#evel: 1

. corpus callosum "nswer: *

#evel: 1

For Buestions 2 to 7$ match the sensation with the appropriate receptor type.

1. "! mechanoreceptors

$. )! thermoreceptors

+. C! nociceptors

4. /! chemoreceptors

-. 0! photoreceptors

2. pain "nswer: c #evel: 1

. smell "nswer: % #evel: 1

7. sight "nswer: e #evel: 1

79. proprioception "nswer: a

#evel: 1

71. temperature "nswer: *

#evel: 1

7$. touch "nswer: a #evel: 1

For Buestions 7+ to 72 match the following sense receptors with the appropriate function.

1. "! important in respon%ing to continuous touch or pressure

$. )! involve% in fine an% %iscriminative touch

+. C! respon% to %eep cutaneous vi*ration an% pressure

4. /! respon% to slight *en%ing of the hair

-. 0! respon% to *oth light touch an% superficial pressure

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7+. Mer,el;s %is,s "nswer: e

#evel: 1

74. hair follicle receptors "nswer: %

#evel: 1

7-. acinian corpuscles "nswer: c

#evel: 1

7. Meissner;s corpuscles "nswer: *

#evel: 1

72.

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19. ain receptors are also calle% ((((((((((((. "nswer: nociceptors

#evel: 1

0ssay Huestions

192. 06plain why the a*sence of a properly functioning corpus callosum might result in impaire% learning

of tas,s that reBuire coor%ination of *oth lim*s.

"nswer: 8he corpus callosum allows sensory an% motor information from one hemisphere to *e share%with the other hemisphere. 8o perform tas,s that reBuire coor%ination of *oth lim*s& each si%e of thecere*ral corte6 nee%s to ,now what the other si%e is %oing or planning to %o. If the corpus callosum is cut&tactile information from the left han% coul% not enter the left hemisphere& which controls the right han%.

"s a result& the right han% woul% not receive any information of how to respon% in relation to themovement of the left han%.

19. Speculate why a man might mista,e his wife for a hat.

"nswer: 8he visual association corte6 compares the present visual information to past visual

information 'ave I seen this *efore! an% %eci%es whether or not the input is recogni>e% an% thesignificance of that input. /amage in this area coul% cause one o*3ect to *e mista,en for another 'forinstance& wife for hat!. Influence from another area& especially the frontal lo*e& coul% also affect how the

visual association corte6 recogni>es or i%entifies o*3ects an% assist in this error in i%entification.

Chapter 1-: 8he Special Senses Multiple Choice

1. "rrange the following to reflect the correct seBuence an action potential woul% follow to reach thelateral olfactory area of the *rain:

1. olfactory *ul*

$. olfactory corte6

+. olfactory epithelium 4. olfactory tract

"! 1& $& +& 4

)! +& 4& 1& $

C! 1& 4& $& +

/! +& 1& 4& $

0! 4& +& $& 1

"nswer: % #evel: $

$. Why %oes inhaling %eeply an% slowly through the nose help to i%entify an o%or

"! More air containing the o%or is *rought into contact with the olfactory epithelium.

)! Impulses originate slowly in the olfactory epithelium.

C! 8he tissue nee%s more time in contact with the o%or.

/! 8hreshol% for o%or %etection is high.

0!

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)! *e one of the seven primary classes of o%ors.

C! *e %issolve% in flui% covering the olfactory epithelium.

/! interact with the mechanoreceptors of the olfactory hair mem*rane.

0! enter the nose slowly.

"nswer: c #evel: 1

4. Jou are an air*orne molecule that %issolves in the flui% covering the olfactory epithelium. Which of thefollowing must you %o in or%er to %epolari>e neurons in the olfactory epithelium

"! stimulate mitral cells

)! release acetylcholine

C! cause proliferation of *asal cells

/! *in% to receptor molecules on the olfactory hair mem*rane

0! lower the threshol% of the cell

"nswer: % #evel: 1

-. 8he a*ility of the olfactory system to a%apt to a particular o%or may involve

"! sensitivity of the lateral olfactory area.

)! an increase in the sensitivity at the receptor sites.

C! association neurons inhi*iting mitral cells or tufte% cells.

/! the interme%iate olfactory area sen%ing afferent impulses to the olfactory *ul*.

0! molecules that %o not *in% to receptors anymore.

"nswer: c #evel: 1

. 8he lateral olfactory area

"! provi%es emotional reactions to o%ors.

)! is the site of conscious perception of o%ors.

C! generates action potentials in olfactory neurons.

/! mo%ulates the sense of olfaction within the olfactory *ul*.

0! is the area where chemicals *in% to receptors.

"nswer: * #evel: 1

2. Which of the following statements is true

"! /amage% olfactory neurons are replace%.

)! Klfactory epithelial receptors are highly specific.

C! Klfaction first goes to the thalamus an% is then relaye% to the cere*ral corte6.

/! Continue% stimulation of olfactory neurons pro%uces the same level of response.

0!

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. Which of the following special senses is relaye% %irectly to the cere*ral corte6 without going to thethalamus

"! smell

)! taste

C! sight

/! soun%

0! touch

"nswer: a #evel: 1

7. Sensory structures that %etect taste are

"! palates.

)! papillae.

C! taste *u%s.

/! ciliary mem*ranes.

0! thermoreceptors.

"nswer: c #evel: 1

19. 8aste *u%s are not associate% with ((((( papillae.

"! foliate

)! filiform

C! fungiform

/! vallate

0! papilliform

"nswer: * #evel: 1

11. 8he most sensitive taste *u%s are foun% in ((((( papillae.

"! formate

)! filiform

C! fungiform

/! vallate

0! foliate

"nswer: e #evel: 1

1$. 8aste *u%s

"! can perceive seven *asic tastes.

)! are replace% appro6imately every +9 %ays.

C! can only perceive taste if the molecules are in solution.

/! can *e foun% covering *oth the superior an% inferior surfaces of the tongue.

0! have a6ons an% generate their own action potentials.

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"nswer: c #evel: 1

1+. Which of the following statements is false

"! 0ach taste *u% is most sensitive to one of the five *asic tastes.

)! Sensitivity of taste *u%s for sweet taste is very high.

C! "%aptation for taste is rapi%.

/! Klfaction influences taste.

0! Sensitivities for sweet an% salty tastes are the lowest.

"nswer: * #evel: 1

14. 8o which of the following su*stances woul% the taste *u%s *e most sensitive

"! syrup

)! vinegar

C! salt water

/! Buinine 'tonic! water

0! 3elly

"nswer: %

#evel: $

1-. /amage to which of the following cranial nerves may impair the sense of taste

"! facial

)! a*%ucens

C! trigeminal

/! hypoglossal

0! glossopharyngeal

"nswer: a #evel: 1

1. "rrange the following in correct seBuence: 1. gustatory cell %epolari>es

$. action potential stimulate% in gustatory neurons +. foo% su*stance %issolves in saliva

4. neurotransmitter release% *y gustatory cell

-. foo% su*stance enters taste pore an% attaches to receptor on gustatory hair

"! -& 4& 1& $& +

)! +& -& 1& 4& $

C! -& +& 1& 4& $

/! +& 1& 4& -& $

0! +& $& 1& -& 4

"nswer: * #evel: $

12. Jou taste a sauce with the tip of your tongue. 8hese taste sensations woul% *e carrie% via the (((((cranial nerve.

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"! facial 'II!

)! vagus 'G!

C! 8rigeminal '!

/! glossopharyngeal 'IG!

0! hypoglossal 'GII!

"nswer: a #evel: 1

1. Which of the following structures is consi%ere% to *e an accessory structure of the eye

"! lens

)! retina

C! sclera

/! palpe*rae

0! cornea

"nswer: % #evel: 1

17. alpe*rae is another name for the "! eyes.

)! eyeli%s.

C! eye*rows.

/! eyelashes.

0! con3unctiva.

"nswer: * #evel: 1

$9. Some thyroi% %isor%ers are characteri>e% *y an increase in the wi%th of the palpe*ral fissure. 8hiswoul% *e an increase in the %istance *etween the

"! eye*rows.

)! eyelashes.

C! eyeli%s.

/! eyes.

0! lacrimal glan%s.

"nswer: c #evel: $

$1. 8he *lin, refle6 is %esigne% to

"! maintain *alance.

)! regulate pupil si>e.

C! provi%e clearer vision.

/! ,eep the eyes moist.

0! orient the eyes.

"nswer: % #evel: 1

$$. "n inflammation of one of the ciliary glan%s of the eyelashes is calle% a

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"! sty.

)! *oil.

C! chala>ion.

/! mel*omian cyst.

0! pin,eye.

"nswer: a #evel: 1

$+. 8he transparent mucous mem*rane that covers the anterior surface of the eye is the

"! con3unctival forni6.

)! surface con3unctiva.

C! *ul*ar con3unctiva.

/! palpe*ral con3unctiva.

0! sclera.

"nswer: c #evel: 1

$4. in,eye is an inflammation of the "! retina.

)! choroi%.

C! sclera.

/! con3unctiva.

0! lacrimal glan%.

"nswer: % #evel: 1

$-. 8he lacrimal glan%s

"! cause a sty when inflame%.

)! constantly pro%uce a flui% calle% tears.

C! are locate% in the superome%ial corner of the or*it.

/! are innervate% *y parasympathetic fi*ers from the oculomotor nerve.

0! pro%uce se*um.

"nswer: * #evel: 1

$. 8ears

"! are pro%uce% only when a person cries.

)! wash foreign o*3ects away from the eye.

C! contain lyso>yme to trap %ust.

/! are very aci%ic an% ,ill micro*es.

0! contain little water.

"nswer: * #evel: 1

$2. Why %oes a person;s nose run when he cries

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"! 8ears %rain into the nasal cavity via the nasolacrimal %uct.

)! arasympathetic nerve stimulation causes the nose to secrete mucus.

C! Intense stimulation of the facial nerve as a result of crying increases nasal secretions.

/! 8he lacrimal glan%s secrete tears %irectly into the nose.

0! 8his stimulates flui% pro%uction in the nose.

"nswer: a #evel: 1

$. Which of the following cranial nerves innervates an eye muscle

"! optic

)! facial

C! a*%ucens

/! trigeminal

0! vagus

"nswer: c #evel: 1

$7. 8he outermost tunic of the eye*all is the

"! iris.

)! sclera.

C! retina.

/! choroi%.

0! con3unctiva.

"nswer: * #evel: 1

+9. 8he transparent anterior portion of the sclera is the

"! iris.

)! retina.

C! cornea.

/! choroi%.

0! pupil.

"nswer: c #evel: 1

+1. Increase% flui% accumulation in the cornea woul% result in

"! a scattering of light rays.

)! loss of pigment in the eye.

C! a %ecrease in the strength of the tissue.

/! an increase in the a*ility to transmit light to the retina.

0! *loc,age of light rays.

"nswer: a #evel: $

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+$. 8he cornea

"! is highly vascular.

)! maintains the shape of the eye.

C! is white li,e the rest of the sclera.

/! is part of the focusing system of the eye.

0! %oes not contain connective tissue.

"nswer: % #evel: 1

++. 8he cornea is relatively easy to transplant *ecause

"! its proteoglycan content is high.

)! it is easy to access an% remove.

C! it has an e6tensive *loo% supply.

/! its high immunological activity prevents infection.

0! it is not attache% to the eye.

"nswer: * #evel: 1

+4. Which of the structures liste% *elow is part of the vascular tunic

"! iris

)! retina

C! optic %isc

/! fovea centralis

0! cornea

"nswer: a #evel: 1

+-. 8he ciliary *o%y

"! contains ro%s an% cones.

)! is continuous with the sclera.

C! consists of a ciliary ring an% ciliary processes.

/! pro%uces vitreous humor.

0! is photosensitive.

"nswer: c #evel: 1

+. 8he contractile structure that surroun%s the pupil is the

"! iris.

)! ciliary ring.

C! sclera.

/! ciliary muscle.

0! retina.

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"nswer: a #evel: 1

+2. In *right sunlight the pupil of your eye constricts an% contracts the

"! ciliary muscles

)! %ilator pupillae

C! sphincter pupillae

/! suspensory ligaments

0! ciliary ring

"nswer: c #evel: 1

+. Which of the following is 'are! associate% with the retina

"! lens

)! ciliary muscle

C! ro%s an% cones

/! canals of Schlemm

0! pupil

"nswer: c #evel: 1

+7. 8he area of greatest visual acuity is the

"! lens.

)! optic %isc.

C! fovea centralis.

/! posterior cham*er.

0! *lin% spot. "nswer: c

#evel: 1

49. )loo% vessels enter the eye an% nerve processes e6it the eye at the

"! optic %isc.

)! macula lutea.

C! sensory retina.

/! fovea centralis.

0! pupil.

"nswer: a #evel: 1

41. 8he optic %isc

"! is locate% in the vascular tunic.

)! is the site of greatest visual acuity.

C! is also calle% the macula lutea.

/! is on the anterior surface of the eye.

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0! contains no photoreceptor cells.

"nswer: e #evel: 1

4$. 8he anterior an% posterior compartments of the eye are separate% *y the

"! lens.

)! retina.

C! cornea.

/! canal of Schlemm.

0! optic %isc.

"nswer: a #evel: 1

4+. Which of the following functions is carrie% out *y *oth aBueous an% vitreous humor

"! cleanses the eye

)! nourishment of the eye

C! refraction of light rays

/! generation of a visual image

0! control the amount of light entering the eye

"nswer: c #evel: 1

44. itreous humor

"! is pro%uce% on a %aily *asis.

)! is less viscous than aBueous humor.

C! %oes not contri*ute to intraocular pressure.

/! helps to hol% the lens an% retina in place.

0! is locate% in the anterior compartment.

"nswer: % #evel: 1

4-. ?laucoma can result from

"! inhi*ition of the circulation of aBueous humor.

)! %amage to the suspensory ligament.

C! a %ecrease in the num*er of cones.

/! opacity of the lens.

0! increase% amounts of vitreous humor.

"nswer: a #evel: 1

4. 8he lens

"! is *iconcave.

)! focuses light on the retina.

C! floats in the vitreous humor.

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/! is attache% to the retina *y suspensory ligaments.

0! is normally opaBue.

"nswer: * #evel: 1

42. Which of the following is correctly matche%

"! sclera 5 ciliary *o%y

)! iris 5 sphincter pupillae

C! retina 5 canal of Schlemm

/! vitreous humor 5 anterior compartment

0! aBueous humor 5 posterior compartment

"nswer: * #evel: 1

4. #ight converges as it passes through the

"! vitreous humor& sclera& an% iris.

)! lens& aBueous humor& an% sclera.

C! cornea& retina& an% vitreous humor.

/! lens& cornea an% humors of the eye.

0! sclera& iris& an% retina

"nswer: % #evel: $

47. For %istant vision&

"! the lens is more spherical.

)! the suspensory ligaments rela6.

C! the ciliary muscles are rela6e%.

/! light is refracte% more *y the lens than *y the humors.

0! the lens is thic,ene%.

"nswer: c

#evel: 1

-9. 8o focus on o*3ects closer than $9 feet&

"! the lens must *ecome flatter.

)! the cornea must move inwar%.

C! the ciliary muscles must contract.

/! the suspensory ligaments increase tension on the lens.

0! the retina must *en%.

"nswer: c #evel: 1

-1. Increase in the %istance from the eye to the near point of vision can *e cause% *y

"! the lens *ecoming more rigi% with age.

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)! the lens *ecoming more opaBue with age.

C! the lens *ecoming more conve6 with age.

/! the vitreous humor *ecoming thic,er with age.

0! the lens *ecoming more fle6i*le with age.

"nswer: a #evel: 1

-$. When you try to focus on the tip of your nose&

"! the

)! the

C! the

/! the

0! the

"nswer: c #evel: $

-+. "s

"! the

)! the

C! the

/! the

0! the

"nswer: * #evel: 1

pupils %ilate.

ciliary muscles rela6.

lens *ecomes more spherical.

tension on the suspensory ligament increases. lens *ecomes flatter.

an o*3ect moves closer to the eye& lens flattens.

eyes rotate me%ially.

ciliary muscles rela6.

%iameter of the pupil increases. eye *lin,s.

-4. 8he main factor affecting %epth of focus is the

"! convergence.

)! accommo%ation.

C! shape of the lens.

/! si>e of the lens.

0! si>e of the pupil.

"nswer: e #evel: $

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--. 8he pigmente% layer of the retina

"! %etermines the color of the iris.

)! results in increase% visual acuity.

C! protects the optic nerve from %amage.

/! causes increase% scattering of incoming light.

0! is the vascular layer of the retina.

"nswer: * #evel: 1

-. ing.

)! repolari>ing.

C! hypopolari>ing.

/! hyperpolari>ing.

0! opening NaL channels in the cell mem*rane.

"nswer: % #evel: 1

-7. When rho%opsin is e6pose% to light&

"! more rho%opsin is forme%.

)! retinal separates from opsin.

C! the cones generate action potentials.

/! free retinal is converte% to vitamin ".

0! retinal *ecomes more attache% to opsin.

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"nswer: *

#evel: 1

9. #ight an% %ar, a%aptation involves

"! pupillary refle6es.

)! variations in ro% an% cone function.

C! changes in the amount of availa*le rho%opsin.

/! *oth " an% C

0! "& )& an% C

"nswer: e #evel: 1

1. Color vision

"! is a function of cone cells.

)! is most acute in %im light.

C! is interprete% in the cere*ellum.

/! %epen%s on the amount of availa*le rho%opsin.

0! is the interaction *etween ro%s an% cones.

"nswer: a #evel: 1

$. 8o which colors are the three %ifferent ,in%s of cones sensitive

"! *lue& re%& an% yellow

)! re%& *lue& an% green

C! re%& violet& an% yellow

/! violet& green& an% *lue

0! orange& in%igo& violet

"nswer: * #evel: 1

+. umans are a*le to %istinguish several million sha%es of color *ecause

"! humans have large retinas.

)! humans have *inocular vision.

C! they have many %ifferent types of cone cells.

/! %ifferent proportions of cone cells respon% to each wavelength of light.

0! humans have more cones than ro%s.

"nswer: % #evel: $

4. Which of the following is false

"!

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/! "ssociation neurons in the inner retinal layers mo%ify signals of ro%s an% cones.

0! Most of the optic tract a6ons terminate in the me%ial geniculate nucleus of the thalamus.

"nswer: e #evel: 1

-. 8he photoreceptor cells are locate%

"! on the surface of the retina.

)! in the ganglionic layer of the retina.

C! in the photoreceptive layer of the retina.

/! in the choroi% layer of the retina.

0! in the pigment cell layer of the retina.

"nswer: c #evel: 1

.8he correct pathway for impulses leaving the retina is

"! photoreceptors& ganglion cells& *ipolar cells& optic nerve.

)! photoreceptors& *ipolar cells& ganglion cells& optic nerve.

C! photoreceptors& *ipolar cells& optic nerve& ganglion cells.

/! photoreceptors& ganglion cells& optic nerve& *ipolar cells.

0! ganglion cells& *ipolar cells& photoreceptors& optic nerve

"nswer: * #evel: $

2. "rrange the following events in correct seBuence.

1. retinal cells generate action potential

$. person *ecomes aware of the information o*taine% *y CNS +. visual corte6 translates action potential

4. *right light is shone into the eye

-. optic nerve con%ucts action potential to CNS

"! 4& -& 1& +& $

)! 4& 1& $& +& -

C! 4& 1& -& +& $

/! 4& $& 1& -& +

0! 4& +& -& $& 1

"nswer: c #evel: $

. /amage to the left si%e of the *rain near the visual corte6 coul% result in which of the following visualchanges

"! loss of temporal visual fiel%s from *oth eyes

)! loss of nasal visual fiel%s from *oth eyes

C! loss of right visual fiel%s from *oth eyes

/! loss of left visual fiel%s from *oth eyes

0! none of the a*ove

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"nswer: c

#evel: $

7. " person loses all vision in their left eye. Kne possi*le cause coul% *e %amage to the

"! optic chiasma.

)! left optic tract.

C! optic nerve in the left eye.

/! right lateral geniculate nucleus.

0! right visual corte6 in the occipital lo*e. "nswer: c

#evel: $

29. /epth perception

"! relies on monocular vision.

)! %oes not reBuire cere*ral interpretation.

C! reBuires the image to stri,e the retina of *oth eyes in e6actly the same way.

/! is the a*ility to %istinguish *etween near an% far o*3ects an% 3u%ge their %istance.

0! only wor,s when loo,ing %own at water.

"nswer: % #evel: 1

21. 8he age5associate% changes that result in loss of accommo%ation of the eyes is calle%

"! myopia.

)! hyperopia.

C! pres*yopia.

/! retinopia.

0! astigmatism.

"nswer: c #evel: 1

2$. Which portion of the ear contains the sense organs for hearing an% *alance

"! e6ternal ear

)! mi%%le ear

C! inner ear

/! au%itory tu*e

0! tympanic mem*rane.

"nswer: c #evel: 1

2+. 8he e6ternal ear terminates at the

"! pinna.

)! oval win%ow.

C! tympanic mem*rane.

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/! internal au%itory meatus.

0! ossicles.

"nswer: c #evel: 1

24. 8he au%itory tu*e

"! amplifies soun% waves.

)! helps maintain *alance.

C! carries soun% to the ear%rum.

/! carries soun% to the inner ear.

0! eBuali>es air pressure *etween the mi%%le ear an% outsi%e air.

"nswer: e #evel: 1

2-.

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C! *ony la*yrinth& roun% win%ow& *asilar mem*rane

/! tympanic mem*rane& vesti*ular mem*rane& *asilar mem*rane

0! vesti*ular mem*rane& *asilar mem*rane& au%itory mem*rane

"nswer: a

#evel: $

27. Which of the following is true

"! 8he cochlear %uct is fille% with perilymph.

)! 8he *ony core of the cochlea is calle% the mo%iolus.

C! 8he foot plate of the incus fits into the roun% win%ow.

/! 8he vesti*ule is one of the regions of the organ of corti.

0! 8he spiral organ is foun% in the semicircular canals.

"nswer: *

#evel: 1

9. Which of the following is part of the spiral organ 'organ of Corti!

"! mo%iolus

)! vesti*ule

C! hair cells

/! scala tympani

0! chor%a tympani

"nswer: c #evel: 1

1. Which of the following is a part of the *ony la*yrinth

"! malleus

)! vesti*ule

C! cochlear %uct

/! tympanic mem*rane

0! ossicles

"nswer: * #evel: 1

$. 8he sensory cells for hearing are locate% in the

"! organ of Corti or spiral organ.

)! oval win%ow.

C! mi%%le ear.

/! vesti*ule.

0! semicircular canals.

"nswer: a #evel: 1

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+. Which of the following %efinitions *est %escri*es the tim*re of soun%s

"! lou%ness

)! amplitu%e

C! wave freBuency

/! resonance Buality

0! pitch

"nswer: % #evel: 1

4. 8he %irection from which a soun% is coming can *e %etermine% *y the

"! volume of the soun%.

)! freBuency of soun% waves.

C! amplitu%e of the soun% waves.

/! %ifferences in the time that soun% waves ta,e to reach each ear.

0! tim*re of soun%s.

"nswer: % #evel: 1

-. "rrange the following structures in the or%er in which they vi*rate when a soun% wave enters the ear.

1. ear%rum

$. en%olymph

+. ossicles

4. oval win%ow -. perilymph

"! 1& +& -& $& 4

)! 1& 4& +& -& $

C! +& 1& -& $& 4

/! 1& +& $& -& 4

0! 1& +& 4& -& $

"nswer: e #evel: $

. 8he attenuation refle6

"! amplifies lou% noises.

)! enhances low freBuency soun%s.

C! prevents %amage to %elicate ear structures.

/! involves the scala vesti*uli an% the scala tympani.

0! vi*rates the tympanic mem*rane.

"nswer: c #evel: 1

2. 8he roun% win%ow

"! reflects soun% waves.

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)! vi*rates the *asilar mem*rane.

C! allows for compression of the organ of Corti.

/! acts as a mechanical release for waves within the cochlea.

0! increases the pressure of the perilymph.

"nswer: % #evel: 1

. "rrange the following list of mem*ranes in correct seBuence. 1. tectorial mem*rane

$. vesti*ular mem*rane

+. tympanic mem*rane

4. *asilar mem*rane

"! 1& $& +& 4

)! +& 4& 1& $

C! +& $& 4& 1

/! $& 4& +& 1

0! 4& +& $& 1

"nswer: c #evel: $

7. "rrange the following structures in the or%er in which they woul% vi*rate as a result of the tympanicmem*rane vi*rating.

1. oval win%ow

$. vesti*ular mem*rane an% en%olymph

+. ossicles

4. *asilar mem*rane -. perilymph

"! +& -& $& 4& 1

)! 1& $& -& +& 4

C! 1& $& +& 4& -

/! +& 1& -& $& 4

0! +& $& 4& -& 1

"nswer: % #evel: $

79. Cochlear neurons are stimulate% *y

"! vi*rating the oval win%ow.

)! vi*rations of the tectorial mem*rane.

C! *en%ing microvilli or stereocilia on the hair cells.

/! movement of the otoliths in the en%olymph.

0! turning the spiral organ.

"nswer: c #evel: 1

71. "u%itory impulses are transmitte% *y the ((((( portion of the vesti*ulocochlear nerve.

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"! spiral

)! cochlear

C! vesti*ular

/! ossicular

0! tympanic

"nswer: * #evel: 1

7$. More soun% volume is perceive% when

"! soun% wave amplitu%e increases.

)! action potentials from hair cells are *loc,e%.

C! soun% wave amplitu%e %ecreases.

/! soun% wave freBuency %ecreases

0! soun% wave freBuency increases.

"nswer: a #evel: 1

7+. 8he superior olivary nucleus

"! generates the en%ocochlear potential.

)! receives impulses from the vesti*ular nerve.

C! helps locali>e high5pitche% tones near the ape6 of the *asilar mem*rane.

/! sen%s efferent impulses that inhi*it all hair cells not vi*rating ma6imally.

0! stimulate a%%itional hair cells.

"nswer: %

#evel: 1

74. "rrange the following parts of the neuronal pathway for hearing in the correct seBuence. 1. inferiorcolliculus

$. me%ial geniculate nucleus

+. superior olivary nucleus

4. au%itory corte6 -. cochlear nucleus

"! 4& -& +& 1& $

)! -& +& 1& $& 4

C! 1& $& +& -& 4

/! -& $& 1& +& 4

0! -& 4& 1& +& $

"nswer: * #evel: $

7-. 8he utricle an% saccule are involve% in

"! static *alance.

)! ,inetic *alance.

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C! hearing low intensity soun%s.

/! hearing high intensity soun%s.

0! evaluating movements of the hea%.

"nswer: a #evel: 1

7. 8he position of the hea% with respect to gravity is %etermine% *y the

"! shift in flui% in the semicircular canals.

)! movements of otoliths in response to gravity.

C! movements of perilymph in the vesti*ular cham*er.

/! impulses transmitte% from the macula of the semicircular canals.

0! stimulation of the cochlear portion of the nerve.

"nswer: * #evel: 1

72. Ktoliths

"! amplify hearing.

)! are part of the ampulla.

C! are foun% in the semicircular canals.

/! stimulate hair cells to pro%uce action potentials.

0! are foun% in the cochlear %uct.

"nswer: % #evel: 1

7. 8he semicircular canals

"! are parallel to each other.

)! can %etect movement in only one %irection.

C! have a *ase calle% a papilla.

/! contain cupulae that respon% to gravity.

0! allow a person to %etect movement in all %irections.

"nswer: e #evel: 1

77. Neurons synapsing on the hair cells of the maculae an% the crista ampullaris have cell *o%ies in the

"! superior colliculus.

)! vesti*ular ganglion.

C! superior olivary nucleus.

/! me%ial geniculate nucleus.

0! cochlear ganglion.

"nswer: * #evel: 1

199. /amage to the vesti*ular *ranch of the vesti*ulocochlear nerve woul% result in loss of

"! taste.

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)! sight.

C! hearing.

/! *alance.

0! smell.

"nswer: % #evel: 1

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"nswer: a #evel: 1

19-. What is layer D0E on the %iagram of the retina

"! *ipolar layer

)! ganglionic layer

C! choroi%

/! pigment cell layer

0! photoreceptor layer

"nswer: * #evel: 1

For Buestions 19 to 119 match each of the following structures with the appropriate %escription. "! relayolfactory information to the *rain an% synapse with association neurons in the olfactory *ul*

)! area of the *rain where the olfactory tracts terminate

C! enlargements on the %en%rites of olfactory neurons

/! fi*ers that connect the olfactory *ul* to the corte6

0! the e6pan%e% anterior portions of the olfactory nerves

19. olfactory *ul*s "nswer: e

#evel: 1

192. olfactory tracts "nswer: %

#evel: 1

19. olfactory vesicles "nswer: c

#evel: 1

197. olfactory corte6 "nswer: *

#evel: 1

119. mitral cells "nswer: a

#evel: 1

For Buestions 111 to 11- match the following structures with the appropriate %escription.

"! the angle where the eyeli%s 3oin

)! the space *etween the two eyeli%s

C! another name for the eyeli%s

/! the mem*rane that covers the inner surface of the eyeli%s

0! the mem*rane that covers the anterior sclera of the eye

111. palpe*rae "nswer: c #evel: 1

11$. palpe*ral fissure "nswer: *

#evel: 1

11+. canthi "nswer: a #evel: 1

114. palpe*ral con3unctiva "nswer: %

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#evel: 1

11-. *ul*ar con3unctiva "nswer: e

#evel: 1

For Buestions 11 to 1$9 match the following structures with the appropriate %escriptions.

"! lu*ricate the eyeli%

)! protect the eye from falling o*3ects

C! an inflame% ciliary glan%

/! small tu*es that %rain tears into the lacrimal sac

0! inflammation of the con3unctiva

11. eye*rows "nswer: * #evel: 1

112. Mei*omian glan%s "nswer: a

#evel: 1

11. con3unctivitis "nswer: e

#evel: 1

117. sty "nswer: c #evel: 1

1$9. lacrimal canaliculi "nswer: %

#evel: 1

For Buestions 1$1 to 1$- match the following structures with the appropriate %escription.

"! photoreceptor cells that function in *lac, an% white vision

)! photoreceptor cells that function in color vision

C! the opening in the iris

/! the innermost tunic of the eye

0! a pigmente% contractile structure

1$1. iris "nswer: e #evel: 1

1$$. pupil "nswer: c #evel: 1

1$+. retina "nswer: % #evel: 1

1$4. ro%s "nswer: a #evel: 1

1$-. cones "nswer: * #evel: 1

For Buestions 1$ to 1+9 match the following structures with the appropriate %escription.

"! *loo% vessels enter an% the optic nerve e6its here

)! a small yellow spot near the center of the posterior retina

C! the portion of the retina with the greatest visual acuity

/! a 3ellyli,e su*stance in the posterior cavity of the eye

0! the flui% that fills the anterior cavity of the eye

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1$. macula "nswer: * #evel: 1

1$2. fovea centralis "nswer: c

#evel: 1

1$. optic %isc "nswer: a #evel: 1

1$7. aBueous humor "nswer: e

#evel: 1

1+9. vitreous humor "nswer: %

#evel: 1

For Buestions 1+1 to 1+- match the following structures with the appropriate %escription. "! the area thatcan *e seen with the eyes open

)! opening in the or*it through which the optic nerve passes

C! the cere*ral area that integrates messages from retina

/! area where me%ial ganglion cell a6ons cross over

0! the route of the ganglionic a6ons *eyon% the chiasma

1+1. optic foramen "nswer: *

#evel: 1

1+$. optic chiasma "nswer: %

#evel: 1

1++. visual fiel% "nswer: a

#evel: 1

1+4. optic tract "nswer: e

#evel: 1

1+-. visual corte6 "nswer: c

#evel: 1

For Buestions 1+ to 149 match the following %escription with its correct name.

"! %ifficulty seeing %istant o*3ects

)! a type of refractory error

C! clou%ing of the lens of the eye

/! increase% intraocular pressure that can lea% to loss of vision

0! loss of acute central vision

1+. cataract "nswer: c #evel: 1

1+2. macular %egeneration "nswer: e

#evel: 1

1+. myopia "nswer: a #evel: 1

1+7. astigmatism "nswer: *

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#evel: 1

149. glaucoma "nswer: % #evel: 1

For Buestions 141 to 14- match the following structures with the appropriate %escription.

"! ear%rum

)! part of the ear that contains the organ of hearing

C! the pinna an% e6ternal au%itory meatus are part of this

/! fleshy portion of the e6ternal ear

0! air5fille% space within the temporal *one

141. e6ternal ear "nswer: c

#evel: 1

14$. mi%%le ear "nswer: e

#evel: 1

14+. inner ear "nswer: * #evel: 1

144. auricle "nswer: % #evel: 1

14-. tympanic mem*rane "nswer: a

#evel: 1

For Buestions 14 to 1-9 match the following structures with the appropriate %escription.

"! organ of hearing

)! passageway from the outsi%e to the ear%rum

C! interconnecting tunnels in the temporal *one

/! tiny *ones in the mi%%le ear

0! connecting cham*ers of inner ear fille% with en%olymph

14. e6ternal au%itory meatus "nswer: *

#evel: 1

142. au%itory ossicles "nswer: %

#evel: 1

14. *ony la*yrinth "nswer: c

#evel: 1

147. mem*ranous la*yrinth "nswer: e

#evel: 1

1-9. organ of Corti "nswer: a

#evel: 1

For Buestions 1-1 to 1-- match the following %escriptions with the most appropriate structure.

"! structures that pro%uce earwa6

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)! flui% in the mem*ranous la*yrinth

C! flui% *etween the mem*ranous an% *ony la*yrinth

/! ossicles connect this structure to ear%rum

0! connects the mi%%le ear to the pharyn6

1-1. en%olymph "nswer: *

#evel: 1

1-$. perilymph "nswer: c

#evel: 1

1-+. ceruminous glan%s "nswer: a

#evel: 1

1-4. au%itory tu*e "nswer: e

#evel: 1

1--. oval win%ow "nswer: %

#evel: 1

Fill in the )lan,

1-. 8he area of the olfactory corte6 that is involve% in the conscious perception of smell is the(((((((((.

"nswer: lateral olfactory area #evel: 1

1-2. 8aste *u%s consist of support an% ((((((((((((( cells. "nswer: gustatory

#evel: 1

1-. 8he muscles that %ilate the pupil are the ((((((((( (((((((((((. "nswer: %ilator pupillae

#evel: 1

1-7. 8he *en%ing of light is calle% (((((((((. "nswer: refraction

#evel: 1

19. 8he point at which light waves converge is calle% the (((((((((. "nswer: focal point

#evel: 1

11. (((((((((((((vision results *ecause a slightly %ifferent image is seen *y each eye. "nswer:*inocular

#evel: 1

1$. In the retina the ro%s an% cones synapse with ((((((((((( cells that in turn synapse withganglion cells& which form the optic nerve.

"nswer: *ipolar

#evel: 1

1+. 8he flui% insi%e the mem*ranous la*yrinth of the inner ear is ((((((((((((. "nswer: en%olymph

#evel: 1

14. 8he (((((((((((( tu*e connects the mi%%le ear to the pharyn6. "nswer: au%itory

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#evel: 1

1-. 8he three ossicles are: ((((((((((((& ((((((((((((& (((((((((((. "nswer: malleus& incus&stapes

#evel: 1

0ssay Huestions

1. Images focuse% on the retina are inverte%. ow %o we see the worl% in its proper perspective

"nswer: 8he *rain a%3usts or interprets the inverte% image& so that the worl% is perceive% as

right si%e up even though we are actually seeing it upsi%e %own. #evel: +

12. Why might an in%ivi%ual with a mi%%le ear infection notice a change in their taste sensation

"nswer: 8aste sensations from the anterior two5thir%s of the tongue are carrie% *y a *ranch of the facialnerve calle% the chor%a tympani& which crosses over the surface of the tympanic mem*rane. In a mi%%leear infection& the tympanic mem*rane is often inflame% an% *ulges to the outsi%e. 8he inflammation an%the *ulging can *oth affect transmission of action potentials *y the chor%a tympani an% that& in turn&coul% cause a change in taste sensation.

#evel: +

1. If you spin aroun% on a stool an% stop su%%enly& the room seems to continue to move. 06plain.

"nswer: When the hea% su%%enly stops moving& the en%olymph in the semicircular canals& *ecause of itsmomentum& continues to move in the %irection of the spin. 8he movement of the en%olymph stimulatesthe crista ampullaris. 8he *rain a%3usts to this sensory input *y ma,ing the interpretation that the room isspinning.

#evel: +

17. Why %o in%ivi%uals e6perience sensitivity to *right light after cataract surgery

"nswer: Cataracts 'a clou%y or opaBue lens! o*scure light transmission to the retina. Cataract surgeryremoves the lens& increasing the light transmission to the retina. 8he retina will *e Buite sensitive to thisincrease% illumination.

#evel: +

129. Why %o wine tasters *oth smell an% taste wine to 3u%ge its Buality

"nswer: 8aste sensations can *e strongly influence% *y olfactory sensations. Much of what we refer to astaste is relate% to olfactory sensations. Wine tasters& *y com*ining taste an% smell& are *etter a*le to

3u%ge the Buality of the taste of a wine.

#evel: +

Chapter 1: "utonomic Nervous System Multiple Choice

1. Which of the following statements applies to the autonomic nervous system

"! 8he "NS innervates s,eletal muscle.

)! "NS functions are consciously controlle%.C! 8he "NS controls unconscious movement of s,eletal muscles.

/! 8he receptor molecules of the "NS may *e muscarinic& nicotinic& or a%renergic.

0! " single neuron from the spinal cor% carries action potentials to effector organs in the

"NS. "nswer: % #evel: 1

$. " nerve& which causes the smooth muscle of a *loo% vessel wall to constrict& contains ((((((((((neurons.

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"! sensory

)! afferent

C! autonomic

/! somatic motor

0! cranial

"nswer: c #evel: 1

+. Which of the organs liste% *elow is not %irectly innervate% *y the autonomic nervous system

"! the heart

)! sweat glan%s

C! smooth muscle

/! s,eletal muscle

0! salivary glan%s

"nswer: %

#evel: 1

4. 0fferent neurons of the

"! somatic motor nerves innervate smooth muscle.

)! "NS innervate s,eletal muscle.

C! somatic motor nerves connect s,eletal muscles to the chain ganglia of the spinal cor%.

/! "NS utili>e one neuron to connect the CNS to the effector organ.

0! "NS utili>e two neurons in series to connect the CNS to the effector.

"nswer: e #evel: 1

-. "rrange the following in correct seBuence:

1. autonomic ganglia an% ganglionic synapse $. synapse with target tissues

+. preganglionic neuron

4. postganglionic neuron

"! $& +& 4& 1

)! 1& +& $& 4

C! +& 1& 4& $

/! 4& 1& +& $

0! 4& +& 1& $

"nswer: c #evel: $

. In the sympathetic %ivision of the "NS&

"! an important characteristic is convergence of neurons.

)! preganglionic fi*ers are generally longer than postganglionic fi*ers.

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C! the preganglionic cell *o%y is locate% in the lateral horn of the spinal cor%.

/! a single preganglionic fi*er usually synapses with a single postganglionic fi*er.

0! preganglionic fi*ers emerge from the cervical portion of the spinal cor%.

"nswer: c #evel: 1

2. reganglionic fi*ers from the thoracic an% lum*ar segments of the spinal cor% are part of the ((((%ivision of the "NS.

"! central

)! sympathetic

C! somatic motor

/! parasympathetic

0! ganglionic

"nswer: * #evel: 1

. 8he parasympathetic nervous system is characteri>e% *y

"! the a*sence of preganglionic fi*ers.

)! the a*sence of postganglionic a6ons.

C! short postganglionic a6ons near the organs they innervate.

/! short preganglionic a6ons near the spinal cor%.

0! long postganglionic a6ons.

"nswer: c #evel: 1

7. 8he sympathetic an% parasympathetic %ivisions of the "NS %iffer in the

"! length of the preganglionic an% postganglionic a6ons.

)! location of the preganglionic cell *o%ies.

C! position of the ganglia where preganglionic an% postganglionic neurons synapse.

/! " an% )

0! "& )& an% C

"nswer: e #evel: 1

19. Sympathetic fi*ers leave the spinal cor% in the

"! cranial an% sacral regions.

)! lum*ar an% sacral regions.

C! cranial an% thoracic regions.

/! thoracic an% lum*ar regions.

0! cervical an% sacral regions

"nswer: % #evel: 1

11. Chain ganglia are part of the

"! central nervous system.

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)! sympathetic *ranch of the "NS.

C! somatic motor *ranch of the "NS.

/! parasympathetic *ranch of the "NS.

0! spinal cor%.

"nswer: * #evel: 1

1$. 8he short connection *etween a spinal nerve an% a sympathetic chain ganglion is calle% the

"! white ramus communicans.

)! gray ramus communicans.

C! splanchnic nerve.

/! terminal ganglia.

0! pin, ramus communicans.

"nswer: a #evel: 1

1+. "6ons e6it the sympathetic chain ganglia *y all of the following e6cept

"! spinal nerves.

)! cranial nerves.

C! splanchnic nerves.

/! sympathetic nerves.

0! nerves that innervate the a%renal me%ulla.

"nswer: *

14. Sympathetic preganglionic a6ons

"! can synapse in terminal ganglia.

)! must synapse in parasympathetic ganglia.

C! can synapse with cells in the a%renal corte6.

/! can synapse in the %orsal root ganglion.

0! can synapse in either chain or collateral ganglia.

"nswer: e

#evel: 1

1-. Consi%er the following situation: Sympathetic preganglionic a6ons enter a sympathetic chain ganglia.In or%er for these a6ons to reach collateral ganglia& they must now travel through

"! a splanchnic nerve.

)! a sympathetic nerve.

C! a gray ramus communicans.

/! a white ramus communicans.

0! a %orsal root ganglion.

"nswer: a

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#evel: $

1. 8he celiac& superior mesenteric& an% inferior mesenteric ganglia are ((((( ganglia.

"! chain

)! %orsal

C! somatic motor

/! parasympathetic

0! collateral

"nswer: e #evel: 1

12. Sympathetic stimulation of the postganglionic cells of the a%renal me%ulla causes the release of

"! acetylcholine an% epinephrine.

)! norepinephrine an% acetylcholine.

C! epinephrine an% norepinephrine.

/! cortisol.

0! al%osterone.

"nswer: c

#evel: 1

1. arasympathetic ganglia are calle% (((( ganglia.

"! pelvic

)! chain

C! collateral

/! terminal

0! %orsal

"nswer: % #evel: 1

17. 8he vagus nerve carries parasympathetic impulses to the

"! salivary glan%s.

)! lacrimal glan%s.

C! smooth muscle of the eyes.

/! thoracic an% a*%ominal viscera.

0! thyroi% glan%.

"nswer: % #evel: 1

$9. "ppro6imately ((((( of all parasympathetic neurons course through the vagus nerve.

"! 19

)! $-

C! -9

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/! 2-

0! 79

"nswer: % #evel: 1

$1. arasympathetic preganglionic a6ons from the sacral region of the spinal cor% course through ((((nerves that innervate the ((((.

"! splanchnicA urinary *la%%er an% a%renal glan%s

)! pelvicA lower colon an% repro%uctive glan%s

C! sacralA lower colon an% urinary *la%%er

/! lum*arA stomach an% intestines

0! coccygealA anus an% vagina

"nswer: *

#evel: 1

$$. Which of the following nerves has parasympathetic a6ons

"! facial

)! trigeminal

C! hypoglossal

/! spinal accessory

0! a*%ucens

"nswer: a #evel: 1

$+. Which of the following neurons is most li,ely to *e a%renergic

"! preganglionic sympathetic

)! preganglionic parasympathetic

C! postganglionic sympathetic

/! postganglionic parasympathetic

0! postganglionic somatic motor

"nswer: c #evel: $

$4. 8he mem*ranes of all postganglionic neurons in autonomic ganglia have

"! somatotrophic receptors.

)! muscarinic receptors.

C! a%renergic receptors.

/! nicotinic receptors.

0! macrotinic receptors.

"nswer: % #evel: 1

$-. 0ffector cells that respon% to acetylcholine release% from postganglionic neurons have

"! somatotrophic receptors.

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)! muscarinic receptors.

C! a%renergic receptors.

/! nicotinic receptors.

0! macrotinic receptors.

"nswer: * #evel: 1

$. When acetylcholine *in%s with nicotinic receptors& the response is

"! inhi*itory.

)! e6citatory.

C! either e6citatory or inhi*itory.

/! *oth e6citatory an% inhi*itory.

0! neither e6citatory nor inhi*itory.

"nswer: * #evel: $

$2. If acetylcholine *in%s to muscarinic receptors&

"! NaL channels open.

)! CaLL channels open.

C! a%renaline is release%.

/! ? proteins me%iate the cell;s response.

0! the response is neither e6citatory nor inhi*itory.

"nswer: % #evel: $

$. 8he two classes of a%renergic receptors are

"! alpha an% *eta.

)! splanchnic an% terminal.

C! muscarinic an% nicotinic.

/! nicotinic an% cholinergic.

0! muscarinic an% terminal.

"nswer: a #evel: 1

$7. "%renergic receptors

"! can *e activate% *y the release of epinephrine.

)! have two structural forms 5 muscarinic an% nicotinic.

C! when activate% stimulate s,eletal muscles to contract.

/! can *e foun% in *oth the sympathetic an% parasympathetic %ivisions.

0! are activate% *y the release of acetylcholine.

"nswer: a

#evel: 1

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+9. When norepinephrine *in%s to a%renergic receptors&

"! NaL channels open.

)! CaLL channels open.

C! a%renaline is release%.

/! ? proteins me%iate the cell;s response.

0! NaL channels are close%.

"nswer: % #evel: 1

+1. When acetylcholine *in%s to autonomic muscarinic receptors&

"! heart rate increases.

)! voluntary movements occur.

C! intestinal motility increases.

/! intestinal motility %ecreases.

0! intestinal motility stops.

"nswer: c #evel: $

+$. Sympathomimetic agents activate

"! nicotinic receptors.

)! muscarinic receptors.

C! a%renergic receptors.

/! somatotrophic receptors.

0! cholinergic receptors.

"nswer: c #evel: 1

++. "tropine causes the pupil of the eye to %ilate *y *loc,ing the effect of muscarinic receptors. 8hismeans atropine is a'n!

"! ganglionic *loc,ing agent.

)! *eta5a%renergic *loc,ing agent.

C! alpha5a%renergic *loc,ing agent.

/! parasympathetic *loc,ing agent.

0! parasympathomimetic agents.

"nswer: %

#evel: $

+4. Which of the following %rugs woul% *e the *est choice to use in chronic asthma to %ilate the*ronchioles

"! a nicotinic agent

)! a muscarinic agent

C! alpha5a%renergic *loc,ing agents

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/! *eta5a%renergic stimulating agents

0! ganglionic *loc,ing agents.

"nswer: % #evel: +

+-. )eta5*loc,ers '*eta5a%renergic *loc,ing agents! are freBuently use% to

"! cause vasoconstriction.

)! *loc, muscarinic receptors.

C! %ilate the pupils of the eye.

/! prevent increases in heart rate.

0! prevent %ecreases in heart rate.

"nswer: % #evel: $

+. "utonomic refle6es

"! are impossi*le.

)! are integrate% somewhere in the CNS.

C! have efferent input an% afferent output.

/! are an e6ample of positive fee%*ac,.

0! are harmful.

"nswer: * #evel: 1

+2. "utonomic refle6es might *e integrate% in the

"! me%ulla o*longata.

)! spinal cor%.

C! hypothalamus.

/! thalamus

0! "& )& C

"nswer: e #evel: 1

+. Which of the following occurs when the parasympathetic system is stimulate%

"! increase% *loo% pressure

)! increase% motility of the %igestive tract

C! increase% meta*olism

/! increase% heart rate

0! %ecrease% motility of the %igestive tract

"nswer: * #evel: $

+7. Which of the following statements is false

"! )oth %ivisions of the "NS can pro%uce stimulatory effects.

)! )oth %ivisions cooperate to achieve normal repro%uctive function.

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C! Structures receiving %ual innervation *y the "NS are regulate% eBually *y *oth %ivisions.

/! 8he sympathetic %ivision has more influence un%er con%itions of physical activity than

%oes the parasympathetic %ivision.

0! /ual innervation of organs *y *oth %ivisions of the "NS is not universal.

"nswer: c #evel: $

49. Which of the following statements is true

"! 8he sympathetic %ivision %iverges more then the parasympathetic %ivision.

)! Increase% parasympathetic activity is consistent with increase% physical activity.

C! Kne %ivision of the "NS is always stimulatory an% the other is always inhi*itory.

/! Structures receiving *oth %ual autonomic innervation are regulate% eBually *y *oth

%ivisions.

0! 8here is %ual innervation of all organs. "nswer: a

#evel: $

41. ohn sees MarthaA the pupils of his eyes %ilate. It is love at first sight. What %ivision of the "NS isinvolve%

"! sympathetic %ivision

)! parasympathetic %ivision

C! somatic motor %ivision.

/! neither " or )

0! *oth " an% )

"nswer: a

#evel: +

4$ .Stimulation *y the autonomic nervous system results in increase insulin secretion from the pancreas%uring an% after a meal. 8he following are most li,ely to *e true.

"! increase% insulin secretion is %ue to parasympathetic stimulation

)! acetylcholine agonists will stimulate insulin secretion

C! increase% insulin secretion is %ue to sympathetic stimulation

/! increase% insulin secretion is %ue to a%renergic agonists

0! " an% )

"nswer: e#evel: +

4+. When a person consumes a su*stantial amount of nicotine& the response is

"! increase% parasympathetic responses

)! increase% sympathetic responses

C! %ecrease% parasympathetic responses

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/! %ecrease% sympathetic responses

0! " an% )

"nswer: e #evel: $

44. "cetylcholine will cause the pupil of the eye to constrict. " %rug acts on receptors for acetylcholine tocause the pupils of the eye to %ilate. Nicotine %oes not *in% to receptors in smooth muscle cells of the iris.

8herefore& the %rug which causes the pupils to %ilate is a"! nicotinic *loc,ing agent

)! muscarinic *loc,ing agent

C! a nicotinic agent

/! a muscarinic agent

0! an a%renergic agent

"nswer: *

#evel: +

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"nswer: %

#evel: 1

4. I%entify structure D/E on the *ottom %iagram.

"! autonomic ganglion

)! somatic motor neuron

C! effector organ 'smooth muscle of ?I tract!

/! postganglionic neuron

0! preganglionic neuron

"nswer: a #evel: 1

47. I%entify structure D0E on the *ottom %iagram.

"! autonomic ganglion

)! somatic motor neuron

C! effector organ 'smooth muscle of ?I tract!

/! postganglionic neuron

0! preganglionic neuron

"nswer: c #evel: 1

For Buestions -9 to -+ consi%er the two statements an% use the following ,ey to choose your answer.

"! Choose this if the first item is greater than the secon% item.

)! Choose this if the first item is less than the secon% item.

C! Choose this if *oth items are eBual or nearly eBual.

-9. '1!

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"! somatic motor nervous system

)! autonomic nervous system

C! *oth somatic an% autonomic nervous systems

/! neither somatic nor autonomic nervous system

-4. acetylcholine is a neurotransmitter su*stance "nswer: c

#evel: $

--. target tissues may *e stimulate% or inhi*ite% "nswer: *

#evel: $

-. receptor molecules may *e muscarinic or a%renergic "nswer: *

#evel: $

-2. all a6ons are myelinate% "nswer: a

#evel: $

-. controls conscious movement "nswer: a

#evel: $

-7. neuron cell *o%ies are in the cere*ral corte6 "nswer: a

#evel: $

For Buestions 9 to match each of the following phrases to either the sympathetic or parasympathetic%ivision of the autonomic nervous system.

"! sympathetic

)! parasympathetic

9. effects more locali>e% "nswer: *

#evel: $

1. effects are more general "nswer: a

#evel: $

$. increases activity of ?I tract "nswer: *

#evel: $

+. can pro%uce wi%esprea% sweating "nswer: a

#evel: $

4. has greater influence %uring physical activity "nswer: a

#evel: $

-. effects are short5live% "nswer: *

#evel: $

. inhi*its heart rate *ut stimulates contraction of urinary *la%%er "nswer: *

#evel: $

2. provi%es more e6tensive innervation of ?.I. 8ract "nswer: *

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#evel: $

. stimulation of this system often activates many effectors at the same time "nswer: a

#evel: $

Fill in the )lan,

7. 8he thoracolum*ar %ivision is another name for the ((((( %ivision of the "NS. "nswer: sympathetic

#evel: 1

29. 8he parasympathetic %ivision of the "NS is also calle% the ((((((((( %ivision. "nswer: craniosacral

#evel: 1

21. Cholinergic neurons secrete (((((((((. "nswer: acetylcholine

#evel: 1

2$. " neuron that secretes norepinephrine woul% *e a'n! ((((((((( neuron.

"nswer: a%renergic #evel: 1

2+. 8he celiac ganglion is one of the three main ((((((((( ganglia. "nswer: collateral

#evel: 1

24. "6ons from preganglionic neurons of the parasympathetic %ivision synapse with ((((((((( ganglia.

"nswer: terminal

#evel: 1