*bsahl€on€em€ · 2014-03-14 · I J.: Titanium dioxide is white pigment, mostly r.,rsed in...

10

Transcript of *bsahl€on€em€ · 2014-03-14 · I J.: Titanium dioxide is white pigment, mostly r.,rsed in...

Page 1: *bsahl€on€em€ · 2014-03-14 · I J.: Titanium dioxide is white pigment, mostly r.,rsed in lnkjet inks.There are two forms of Tior: anatase and rutile.Anatase pigments are mueh
Page 2: *bsahl€on€em€ · 2014-03-14 · I J.: Titanium dioxide is white pigment, mostly r.,rsed in lnkjet inks.There are two forms of Tior: anatase and rutile.Anatase pigments are mueh

wa3**, tr*F_p &ffiL3 p,ep*& R*Es€ F#il.YSffi&F€& &fl&*ffis€${e .i t$ i -r

'lui. a :3. *:*rr* ?*T4

Zb*rlrik vedcekSie * i;*i:f*r*ne iilFr*e*ce$ie''rgs *f j*!::t e*nfes'*::i*sLJz*,n*!er{+ ,i(,i:,i {u{ '- *i-igf=*ltk*lu l,' zL:*rr:ik*: 1 7" f*brU*r'A ?*l +

* rg e m €x;$€* r* k* m€e re re sE ei{e c=€e r* ffi ee # a'ge e"c Ba*rs

i'"*nfcrer:eia sa p*riada ps* z6$t!t*u dekaqie Fakr*fty eF:erniekcj & p*trcvln:€r-skc;' teehn*Edgi* pr*f" Er:g" -i;ic':e Sajbidara, DrSe", 5tr*verrskd teehnieka c=,{ftiverzEta

v Sretisiave.h!* *nganiz*eii k*nfcrenei* sa p*dielaju: i"jstav prfncdnyeh a syntet!ek3?e!: p*!;um*-r*v, Fakulta eE:smEeke.!a potrav:ndnskej tee 8=rne 669ie,Sl*ves:ska tcehnie kd e:niverzita

v Sretislave, Zvdz polygrafie na 5lavensku, Vfskumnf ustav papiera a ecl*iazy, Zviizeeluiozo-papierensk€he priemyslu SR, Slovenskd spelecn*st' priernyseEnej ehemie

Vedeek$ s ptr@gtremov1& v$ber komfcremeEcl5eEere&Effie ac?d Fr*grame eoc-*m?Etec

ll,4ieha! eeppar: {FCHFT sTU}, Katarina Vizdrovd {FCHFT STti}, Evan i4,*dee {F*CHPT

STU), Svetozdr Katuitdk {feHPT STU), lViiroslav tulillehovskf {Fakuita ehernieko-technolcgiek*, Unlverzita Pandubiee), &.vXiehal VeselST {[:a$cu:!ta e&:ernseS{6, Vysok€ueeniteehrniek€ v Brn€), iaan Fandk {FeHpT STUi, tutilan $i4!k*la iFeF*PT STLi}, StefanSutf iFe F{PT STUi, Milan Vr*ka {Fe HpT STU}, Lud*vft "[eler-'rcnskf {Fe $-{PT STU}, -lozefHanus {FCF{PT ST[J), Stefar: Bohddek {Vfskurn:rny ustav paplcre a eeluEdzy], FeterSlubla {Zvdz pclygrafie na Slover:sku}, lgor Patrn*& tZvdz sprae*\rateiov elrcva 5R},

Konrad Olejnik {lnstitute of Faperrnaking and Fninting, TU L*dzi

&n.ga n izad:r$ ar$bor kom$erenefi e/Grga m fi ei m g €orn m i*es

Vladimir Dvonka, Radovan Tir"lo, &/lilena Relrdkev;i, Viera Jand*vi**v".;*, tukaS G;*1,,xlgor 5urina, Miehal Jablonskf, Seria Kirsehnerov;i

ReeenaentilReviewsers

Miehal eeppan, Jdn Fandk, Milan Mikula,Milena RehdkovS, Viera Janfovitov;i,Katarina Viziirov;i, Stefan Sutfl iVlilan Vrika

9

Graficke spracovanie zbornika: Vladimfr Dvcnka, Luk65 GdlTlat zbornika: Slovenskd Grafia, a. s.

Papier na zbornik Europapier Slovensko, s. r" o"Vydala Slovenskd chernieka kniZnica FCFIPT STU v Bratislave,2014.Ndklad 250 ks.

lsBN 978-80-89597-1 5-1

3

1

t

tII

1

'

II

1

.i,: t:a

i

,. I

iri

II

lI

II

I

.

I

.'.i

..!

':: I

,,,,.ilruiIglli$ilLgffUff[Lstl

E

H;.'

Page 3: *bsahl€on€em€ · 2014-03-14 · I J.: Titanium dioxide is white pigment, mostly r.,rsed in lnkjet inks.There are two forms of Tior: anatase and rutile.Anatase pigments are mueh

4 *bsahl€on€em€

Pieni* rne pred n;*6kylPl ena ry lectu res:

Wood, Fuip and Paper 20T4, Folygrafra Aeadem;ca 2014

Annarnarie VeliiMin;*iring Effects of Farticle Board Produetiot"l on the Environrnent.

irn purticle board manufacturing be done in a sustainable way? '."...""...10

Diana Gregor Svetec, Jan.ia Zale, Graziano Elegir

neiyclability of graphic produets and paper based packaging ."......"""""'"""""""""'"" 14

Stefan Jakucewi cz, Jdn Pandk

Trenciy rozvoja tlaiovfch technol6gii

Trends !n Developments of Frinting Teehnologies .....20

Miroslav Vajs, Stefan Bohdcek, Juraj DlhoBolfek

Konkureneieschopnost'a trendy nezvoja eelul6za-papierenskeho priemyslu 5R

Ccmpetitivnes and Trends of Pulp anci Paper lndustry Deve!opment

in Slovak Republic """"""""'27

Polygrafia AeademEea 2ST 4

Veronika toveliCoior Scienee Behind lnks in CMYK vs. Extended eolcr Garrrurt

vs" Spot/PantCIne lnk Sets ""'.'"""."'"34'

Feter Mraen*Nov€ technoiogie vyvraeaj* rnSity o Enkjetovej tBadg

New technol*Eies dispeE myths *f inicjet prir:ting ""'""'4*

Michal Veselif, Pete' DzikMaterialovtri tisk neb* 3D tisk?,r&sateria! pninting or 3D print? .."....'..""..'.."..46

Mark{ta Drtkev*, t{ikola Fetinka, Fatryeja Bcbe4 f\4iiena Hajn6,

TomaS Syrovli Jaroslav Stejska!, Yvan Eonmassieux

I n kjet pri nta bi I ity of poly{F{-vi r^ryl pyrrcl idene}-sta bi I ized

p*lyaniline dispersiorls ...."... ......"..."'53

*idrich Znre5ka!, Veror=ikc 5e hmEedew*, -lan F*spi6iE, -JEfi fcrnyStudiunr *ptie kfe h vEastn*s?iterrk$e *: vrstcrus pfrpraven$'e h n"reteri*i*v$r:l tas[<e*'n

Study *f *ptie*E pn*pentEes *f thEn fiirxs prepered by nnatee'iaF prir:ting ..."...."""......."57

5r ivia Ka r*r*v;*, Ma,"te K[c r:j $ek G q-l R d *, fu4 ieh a I Vese !,-

5p*rtr*s:cpie str:d3' *f [n$et rnks ....'..""."'"""'."S4

i'11r JTiir ltdr;iiAi i",S:*iy, i::*,f K.;US*n,

ir,4 * g *a ! * r: a fui * r*u*v;*, Li r5 ka tc vre n e c f Gt* n g e Iir:kjet Fi"!*ted *x:** Sels:ir,u*nejc;et*'r L*;erers - i-ir:rii.s a*ei Be*c*ts ,.. "".;' ;

i'"i:l*:* l,Sci,r,J!a, F*r,',::i Gerri+:ii:er, VE*dimcr lj'i,=*3'.';=, 'Iu;,2.:r:a F+rc*v;*

-i!:r-*:r:*:;lbi..,;,:ii:,-',..,i!!r,"ir,-,..Ji,,:.:ilE€ ii**er.ri:':::l-:ierj i-1y,1.:5**s;9"i.le$ -to;l-.' '-:,. . - :

lr-tl

td

c*taa/_

ie

e

o-k6:nlt I

.G?

6t

el,

Page 4: *bsahl€on€em€ · 2014-03-14 · I J.: Titanium dioxide is white pigment, mostly r.,rsed in lnkjet inks.There are two forms of Tior: anatase and rutile.Anatase pigments are mueh

,j+ll-l;: iizifi"rre* #t.:!,:"tr- if,e*,= Bate, :r_,, - 1....;."i:;{.ii;'rik*i+.;iit ,: ." i", , ..:: . , ,:"*:G-:l::-uur"* i, . .,,1,It ..,.;[..i,',"r:-.,,. i; .,:-.;',

'.J*r*r: i i;a ?q*er:ve, J : ri i**jd u k{* h ov,;* n i pr:t!€t6 n 5ieh t: i *d cg re d e &: i i * ie h ;:: etar ri d l * p f i ko ;*,: pcsrcv.s n i*chevr*r"*r *f print*d bi*d*gradabFe materiaf s inade int* ee ru"lp*si .."...."".."""."......". g*

il*s:i*! iav*;,s5<yhi*lqr trends in'ilex*graph;ie pr$nting fcries pr*dueti*n ....."".......""..=..

Sagxds'e sedijer, fulagdoina Fa!, ZlvS<* FavSouule, Dragofljub ildcvak*ve{Susn$ae* rc*g!*ness anaiysis c$ eonveritiosral flcxc pninting piatein depe*eienee *f dcvelopi$1g and light frnis&ring phase .....""..

.} 0.E

"Jan Va{i5, E*}:e-lnri! i*silnek, Tonras Syno4}&4etFrodo!*gy of evaiuation ef print abraslan rcsistane€ ...""....."""" .......""".. 'l*Z

Kristii{n Feta"uf, Ondfe.j Mikala, Tomd$ Syrevli, Fetr !\6nnee!nfluenee of Eending on Resistanee of Sereem pr!nteCecrrduetlve Struetures ..."".". .".."."".... i.! i\lie ra -f a n davido v 6, Zazana M a eh atov6, Zuza n a Stn*n:a3'e rSvete!n;6 a tepelmd stabflf ita diennoblelej fotografreLight ar:d thea'mal stability of blae k and white phetography ."....".."."...... T T Z

Favol Gemeinen {Vlilan &4iku!aVp9yv reoFogiek€ho d$nidla na siedotladovdTiCI, pastyp re fotoa ndd u fa rbivorn senzi bi I izova nfeh sold rnyeh d$dn kovThe effeet of r&reologiea! agent on TiG2 pastes propertiesfor photoanodes of dye sensitized solar cells .....".. "...

.I 23

Zuzana Maehatov;i, Viera Jantoviiovii, [ubiea Knov!nov;*ldentifr kdcia historiekfeh fotognafrekfeh reehniknedeitru ktivnym i met6da nn i

ldentification of sorne historie photographie proeessesusing nondestructive rnethods ... l Zg

Bohumil Jaiurek, Heler:a OdstreilovS, -fan Vali$, Tomd5 Syro4?Study of rheoiogical properties of uv and Hybrid offset !nks ....".".. ..."."".. i 35

Ana Slugie, Mateja Fuhalo, lgor Majnaric,lvana Bslanea Mirkovic, Milena RehdkovdThe influenee of l{o, on the stability white eolored lnkjet pnints ..""""..... 140

Adriana .,labconovd, Alena UvdikovS, Marek Ryehnavskif,Michal Roit6k, Bohurnil Eohuniekf'lnvestigation of writing-printing sequeneeusing seanning electrsn microscope ....."..."". "...".".......". 145

Adriana Jabconov;i, Elena BlahovS,Tatiana Dugovitov;i, Juraj Mat6jkaForensic experts'view on counterfeits ..........". .."."........

,l50

4

!i :;

q6

Page 5: *bsahl€on€em€ · 2014-03-14 · I J.: Titanium dioxide is white pigment, mostly r.,rsed in lnkjet inks.There are two forms of Tior: anatase and rutile.Anatase pigments are mueh

-ilfue &mffi&€effi€e m# ffi*#- *m €fue e€mfue$$€y

w$e*es e***red $sekiee Pr€m€s

Slugie Anar, Fuhaia fliAatcjal, it4ajnarie ige r',

Boianea Mirkcvle lv&v'iar, Rehakova Miiena;

rUr-liversitS; ef Zagreb Fae ulty *{ Graphic Arts, Getaie leeva 2, Zagreb, f rsatia,

!*rajnar!@grf"hr2Fae ulty of e herniea! and Food Tee hnology, Raeiiin"lskeho I, Bratislava, Slovak Republie

Agsfrseg; F4nting an bfaek e*lared carsd trans,p*re*f subsfr*fes ts fn:possf&/e ti"Jfh*sf

applieation of white inks. ln fhrs ecse, high eovering in*rganie pigmcnfs &csed sn

titanium dioxide are used. Althaugh printing a{ white ink esn be used in eonventiana!

printinE {eehniques (flexagraphic printinE, grsvare printing and affset printing}, it is mare'freqwentty

used in lnkjet LIV eurinE technalogy" tJnfartunately, eoncentration af white

pigments €annot be modified in lnkjet" Therefare, optirnal eolar values were printed in"tkree

layers on blaek substrate, using white LJV LED euring tnkjet ink" Since stability of

white f nkjet prints is sfill unknown, aceelerated ageing method at hiEher temperature

snd inereased eonrcntrafron of /VO" (l5O 5ffiA-5, 5) was used. The results shawed great

in#ueneeof iVe on whlte UV LED tnkjet calorants. f$ajor eaf *r changes aeeurred after first

d*y af exposure *f the prints fu NAr{dErtuyers,tstdayorexposuretaNOx,i.aa/oHV - 42.72)' Na signifrcant

rofor ehcnges happened afterwards (AE*yru,xndayarexposuretoNox,taaa/o;tv- 42'89)'

Keymrords: Aeeelerated ageing with NO* white tJV LED tnkiet inks, rnultilayer printing,

elE Lab

X, $ntroduetion

Together.with electrophctography, ln$et is the most developed digital printing

teehnology. lt is eornpletely non-impaet technology, in whieh ink is sprayed directly

from tiny nozzles onto substrate. Other lmportant eharacteristie of lnkjet are liquid inks.

Theyform a single drop, whieh has average radius of 30 pm, while its volume amounts

14 pL.Two basii principles of lnkjet technoloEy are eontinuous and dnop on demand

{DOD) lnkjet. Nowadays, DOD principle is applied more often and it comes in three

different systems: bubble jet, piezo lnkjet and electrostatic lnkjet. ln piezo ln$et, drop is

generated and ejected from the nozzle using defornnation of ink micrachannber"When

*le.tri. signals eome to piezoceramic microelements, it causes the above deforrnation.

These microelements have distortion properties during electric charge activity.

This technology nnay use different inks. One of them are UV inks" Typical

components in UV-lnlget inks are: reaetive diluents (monomers), resins ioligomers),eolorant {pigment), phetoinitiator and additives. [1] White inkjet ink is a fairly new

development within the wide-format grapirics industry. [21

140 @ Rotyqrufia Acadernica 2014 @

Page 6: *bsahl€on€em€ · 2014-03-14 · I J.: Titanium dioxide is white pigment, mostly r.,rsed in lnkjet inks.There are two forms of Tior: anatase and rutile.Anatase pigments are mueh

I

J

.:

Titanium dioxide is white pigment, mostly r.,rsed in lnkjet inks. There are two

forms of Tior: anatase and rutile. Anatase pigments are mueh more used in liquid

p-rinring lnki due to their softer structure. Rutile pigments have higher refractive

ind"*, t",igt'r*r opacity and somewhat rougher structure. l3l

A nitrogen oxide (No-) is generic term for a group of highly reactive gases'

Most of them are emitted in air in the form of nitic oxide {No) and nitrogen

dioxide (NOr). NO" causes a wlde varlety of health and environmental impacts.

iogether wiitr So- (sulfur dioxide and sulfur trioxide) is the major eontributor to

the "ae id rain". [4, 5]

For high temperature operations, nitregen in the air will react with oxygen t0

forrn oxiJes of nitrogen, NO, and Nor. The resulting NO" coneentration depends

on the highest temperature and how quickly the gas ccols. The higher the

iemperature, the greater is the fornration of N0"" NO is a ealorless gas with virtually

no water solubiliiy. !n the presence of excess oxygen, NO will slowly eos'lvert to

rritrogen dioxide. Nitrogen dioxide !s also a eolorless gas' [61

tightfastness of lnkjet prints is not partie ularly high.That is why this sub.iect was

resea?ched in numerous papers. The same rnkjet ink can't be used for generating

different graphic products, mainly eaused by lcw lightfastness. eclor difference ean

be traeked as a fr.rnetion of speetral energy distribution of UV light sCIuree" lnkjet

prints ean aise be exposed ta different eonditions.

Several papers researehed photoeatalytic oxidation of NO, gases using TiO2'

They have used surfaee specifie teehrriques te !nvestigate the hlO" adsorptive

reaetion at the TiO, substrate sunface" One ef the main eonelusions was that the

reaetion products abserved were lndependent of the tlme of expesulre or of the

hlO" eoReegitration. l7ltolored lnkjet prints changes tone value !n very shont pen'iod. Espeelally if dye

and pigr^nent l1"lkjet !nks wene used" Dye inks Eave better results.The highest ehange

took piur* in yeliew dye ink. lnks that eonta!n pigments showed majen ehanges in

dark cyan, rnagenta and yellow eolor" [8]

Researehes in area of phatoeatalytic reaetion of NG and tdO, and the influenee

of several parameten showed that these pollutants ean affeet tl:e performanee

of stones eontainIng TiOr" The use of TiG, phCItoeatalyst in ecrnbEnatien with

eementatiosrs and othen eenstruetion nnaterlals has shown a favorabEe effcet iri the

removal of nitrogen cxidcs. [5]

2, ffixperEmeem€

Expe sure prnnts t* fleJG" and higher tempereture aEms to assLli'c fastcr e hanges

in tlgErtfastn€ss cf thc p;'tnts. eosebined aeeeierated thermaE ageir:g aeeoreiing

to 15* 563*-5 and 55*e*-6 w.ras empi*yed, Sampres were pEaecd in'* pSrnex h*tt3cs,

e iin:atEzed for 24 E:or;rs et 23 .e aRd 5* % RH. zuCI" in e*.srecntretE*n *f &** Pprsl

was Enserted int* seleeted b*ttles ane$ e[*sed rrusith p*lyphenylsi!*xanre eErtight

scai vtr[€9: rlit*r:' {DuP*r:t} gaskct. The samples wcr* aged 'i, 3 *nd 5 d*ys al

tr **'e .

t;8 |iTi

Page 7: *bsahl€on€em€ · 2014-03-14 · I J.: Titanium dioxide is white pigment, mostly r.,rsed in lnkjet inks.There are two forms of Tior: anatase and rutile.Anatase pigments are mueh

$ilf;srgate uscd ir: *xpcrixlt*fl{ ,,'iaq -i+=nejca'iux l,trsigi-:s {grarnr**g* t5# 'u4,',''i'

q$*ss 68,€;: {angie *i 6*.}, e*E*n t --- 7,74; a = *'1,95; h = :*,83}. This $s r::uif ig:f y *:1c-

side east-e*ated papcr rs:edc cf eee l*giee! e htraris:e frcc puip. l9lR*Eand 1/ersaUV LEC:3S0, !nkjet pnincrng r::aehinc, whle h werks e n piez* inF<jct

pri::e 3ple, lvas uscd for prir:t!a:g *f saamples" 8t usses HeG-LsV inks, and ir: ceeordanee

with cur €xpenment, only whitc [nE< was prir:ted" eerx""lp*nents of r.ised irrk,

expressed in tnreig$rt p€reentages: are: *erylie esters i3&:4{i .n/*}, titanium di*xide{l **2* s/o}, irexametfr:y*iene dlae ry$at* {t **:0 %}, tri{propylcne g!y'eol] diae nylate

{n G*:0 9e}, phosphine *xide derivctive {5=-l5 %}, other pfrr*te sensitiqve monCImers

i*-5 olo) amd synthetie rcsins {CI,5*5 o''e}. Enk is w}rite liqu!d, viseesity 6*E n:Pa"s. lt !:as

e has"aeterlstcc *dor and f]ash point {66 "ei. Ll Sl

e*nmeetion *f DTP eempt,lter and R*land VensaLi\i tfe-3*0 printimg rrraehsne

was ynade throughl Rip seftware VersaW*rks, wrhieh enables imeEe eonversionin scs.eened forn:, uslng FostSenipt 3" RIP was set up for three different types ofprintlng: printing of white ink !n one layer, printing of white lnk in two layers

and printing of white ink in three layens" Plate with white printing elements was

generated using Adobe lllustrator C53, and it eonsisted 20, 40, 50, E0 and 100 0/o

halftone value areas.All of the sarnples were measureci by speetrophotometer X-Rite DTF20 "Pulse".

This lnstrllrnent measures the nefleetion of eolsred sample, and as a results itshows L*a*b*, anei C" and H* valuabies. Eveny single sample was mleasulred six

t!r::es, and rneasuring results were simuitaneously showed on the eomputer by

eolorShopX software" Based on the measured valuables, there werc ealeulated

averaEe valuabies that wcre later used fon eale ulatir:g eclor difference, AF" Thereby,

mathernatleal fornnula AFroo' was used" Obtained results were then graphieally

shown, ccnverted to two and thrce-dimensional diagraru'ls, whieh were generated

wit*r Origin 8.5 saftware"

3. Rcsults and Discussisn

!n order to deteet ehanges that happened on white ink prints, due to theirexposure to NO" eorytpounds, we were analyzing their eolaration" Figures 2:4 show

ehanges in eolor and lightness, depending CIn number of layers of whitc ink thatwere printed on the substrate.

l-ookinE at the results, it is obviours that the greatest changes, both in colorand lightness oecurred at the first period of the exposure to NO* compounds.Change is greatest between baseline measurement and i " day of exposure toNO- (min. concentration achieved AE,,ur",, r00o/o irv = 34.25; AE,ur",r, 100o/o HV = 42.72;

AE}ur",,, r00o/o HV = i 8.96). After that, prints are stabilizing, and no significant change

was spotted on 3'd and 5'h day of exposure to NO* (max. cor'lcentration achieved

AErraye,rcovoHv = 34.59i AEzr"y",r,i00o/oHV - 42.89;AE1ur"rr, laao/cHy = 2'1"15 ).

ReEarding color ehange, the most stable samples are the ones with only one

layer of white ink applied. After huge primal change, they are experiencing onlyminon changes in color. But, we have a completely different situation when it cornes

1

.t-iJ

;:l#&

142 @ norygrrfia Academiea 2O1a @

Page 8: *bsahl€on€em€ · 2014-03-14 · I J.: Titanium dioxide is white pigment, mostly r.,rsed in lnkjet inks.There are two forms of Tior: anatase and rutile.Anatase pigments are mueh

-*-W)*t*i**.1&g\* x*.pL $tue

tg&tb: : :

*s"

"n3 4*

Fig. i: White ink printed in one layer: a) color changes; b) lightness changes.

4&

-&"&

-il tJ

- t,13ffl

-t"*

^&,&

*$U:I

w&*

7*

#)

Kl*L

4*

w**'*{3

s

"&44;28

wbi

^1*-19

e)

&

b}

+4

a3

"d,*

-7.,{t%

-1,X

'"1;$

t*.*

. a Ss€i{ ryerpa tv.tJ. !ror1"d .n it !€}qq;.* 1 t&l

^W t4*\ ;t fr , sd,4*4a A |6ye.r,

- - - " 3 &ap, aar atrSr {ff}" F#q} F ? effi ;* at .la,# *&, t*\h tT{: - "Jnp83 w "! W/i}rh }

&

74

* ?urt

3{3

?,*

1q

i}

""4-' W& wps.,jlnwir"f# 4*Miw ?'*p41,* 1 eV *g' ldY, iT4r Srr6B is t k?*r, i

" 4 * * &3%'@ t${}e. F&} r $tt&i * * &We}* . &.@* *&z l&* 654z8e?st44 s4'K kwst

t*fi@*t;1i;""#Ma3BBLI

b : -ry---* -, Fer'. 1J.' ?rl : ' :

:! r : i

t't"t : ': i :'Lh..""t6

: -2":::- "'-a--'. '

.. \rry44!,, | 1 ?&7,a,,;.; ,. .

: . :--?e

Fig.2: White ink pninted !n two layens: a) eolor changes; b) lightness ehanges.

i --,- - &ea s-wwmx'{1t't4 rdr. ?e* e aw@4 .

t *.41 &t@&#*elt4;l|wt**ir2:*trat :! ". ". - "i 4i4r4 EA'f ?4,tu t7t\",*qz*Z {: :Z'ej#+!':.

-";.*

4,t:*-':.*

.l),i

t.t:

*.1

t--:i"1

J4

"'*1

*:4-ls1::

1--n=;_i-j

*4

'&'J

?tt

F.jL

lc

,;a -4

j-

f;si.] . 3: ii,i; i j't.a ir'rk ;:e'in te<j ir'r ii: ree i*,veis: ai r-*i*r e hanq*s; i:i iiqhtncss rg'ia nq€s

*'t;i1

i. "#- W.; twewq ff{3 "ts?@

i* 4

-* t W e r€h. {l& r@wl tu 1 WN,^*. + 4*# *#* r€k $:4*t #tqe & i tP&.1* &. * ee ties A#e.f *, eitx@j e l eV€t

1i', i:,1l1

" {* *"*'i-'* :\e*%e, tV, * ti**r, ***ff*i

w4r&

1 "/" *j_/a\trt' ': ii_=

Page 9: *bsahl€on€em€ · 2014-03-14 · I J.: Titanium dioxide is white pigment, mostly r.,rsed in lnkjet inks.There are two forms of Tior: anatase and rutile.Anatase pigments are mueh

li,: ehartajt :i-r irgnt'tssg. 5*t"i:plrs i''trti'l ihr*e **y*rs r;f rrvhit* ink ::h*'-v i.he gre;:te:.,rst;]hllEty r* figEltness, whtie trv* *;'ld onc Eay*rs *f v,;hite iy:k sr:r:uv respeet*!:ly 5:igl=i*rdiff*r"ences 9n {5g[ttnc:s" ls": a$6 eascs e-.f F$gi:tr:css e haa'rge, s*m:p$es *rc ge€ting *{erker.

lf wc l**F< at t$':c ehanges ir--t e*Eon {Flgr*nes 2*, 3a a:rd 'iai, we ean see gi'1et ftG*xattcr *r numh*r *t !ayers of wi:ite ir:k appii*e* *r $:*fft*nc vaiuc, *f ! serurp!cs areehanging En +b end +e direeti*n. Th* ehange ic ffiore pr*mine*E in +b direeti*r'r.v.v8rat irnpEies that sarnples hav* beean:e yeiiowish"

lf r&re cbsenve eelcr ehang* Fn eensidering haifton* vaBues, ti:cre is *Es* a trendthat fiappens at aEf Ehree figures. With is:erease of hagftcnc q'aFues, san:p!es areeF:angirrg !n +a and :h direeti*n igrecn-bfue cc6*r). *n all fig*a"cs that ehange isrn*st notiecabEe at baseline mecss-lrement. Sar*ples with twe er"ld three layens *fw*rite in*< shcw a differenee in beha*vi*r of 3 *0 CI/o haEftone rraf ues. ln their rases,saf id tone areas are ehanging in +b direetFon, tl"lat means tor,rrards yeii*w ccler.5ue h differenee in eaie r ereates spee ifie e urve thrat is als* notieeable after expCIsrj!"eof prints to NO*.

Inerease of number of layers of white ink eauses higher eolor differeneesbetween different halftone value areas. On Figure 2 {one layer of white ink), weean't even distinet ehanges between 2A o/a,40 a/a and 6CI 0/o halftone value, but theyare very elear at Flgr:re 4 (three layers of white !nk). Aiso, we ean notiee inereasingehange cf sol!d tone area with na:mber of layers ine rease.

4" €omeF*rsEen

Printing white ink on blaek paper substrate is net sufficlent, beeause it daes notempioy in contrast high enough. Forming multiple layers of white ink will generateeolor difference of AE,-r,ayers;100c/o nv = 1 9.59. Optimat number of iayers is proved to betwe. This way, suffieier-lt opaeity will be achleved, and color differenee eompared toone layer of white ink will amount AE,_r,ur",u, 100o/oHV = 14.51

"

Exposure of thc prints to NO* will result in higher deviation of white prints.The highest ehange will oceur after one day of exposure (AE,_rurers;1.'o/oHV - 34"7A;AEr-rrur",r, loeo/oHV - i0.75). After that, prints stabilized and no further eolor changewas deteeted. Frints printed in different halftone values reaet differently on theexposl",lre of NO*. The higher halftone value, the greater the color d!fferenee is.Unfortunately, increasing the number of layers of lq/hite inks will eause the problemof generating low halftone values (they will be completely lost). Therefore, whiteLED UV lnkjet inks are recomrnended for printing line art illustratlons and largersizes text (over 6 pt).

5.Refercnces

1. Photo Marketing Association lnternational. 2A04. Digital lmaging: UV-Curable lnks andHSE. no. 51 7. pp. 5-6.

2. Work R. 201 2. Think lnk White lnkjet lnk. [cit. 14. 1 .2A14.J. Availabie on lnternet: <http://sd g ma g.co m / article /pri nti n g-fi n ish i n g/th i n k-i n k-wh ite-i n kjet-i n k>.

144 @ nntygrufia Academica 201a @

Page 10: *bsahl€on€em€ · 2014-03-14 · I J.: Titanium dioxide is white pigment, mostly r.,rsed in lnkjet inks.There are two forms of Tior: anatase and rutile.Anatase pigments are mueh

3. Eldred N. 2001. what the Printer Should Know About lnk, 3rd ed. GATF p. 350'

4. Land E., Bergin M., Huey G.,2AAg.Photocatalytic Degradation of No* byToTo's Hydrotect

(Tio, I m preg nated) 5u rfaces, Georgia I n stitute of Tech nology.

5. ballari M. M., Hunger M., Htlsken G., Brouwers H. J. H., Photocatalytic Concrete Stones

Containing Tio, flr Atmospheric N0* Ren''loval, Faculty of EnEineering Technology,

university of Twente, [cit. i 4. 1.2A14]" Available on lnternet: <http://josbrouwers.bwk.

tu e" n l/pu bl icati o n s/Co nference5 5' pdf>'

6. NO* removal. [cit. 14. 1. 2014]. Available on lnternet: <http://web.archive.org/

w eb / 20A71 0082 1 1 0 1 1 /http://www.bra n chenv.corn/n oxln ox-i nfo.asp>'

7. Dalton J. S., Janes P. A., Jones N. G', Nicholson J' A', Hallam K' R', Allen G' C'' 2A02'

photocatalytic oxidation of No* gases uslng Tior: A surface spectroscopic approach'

UniversitY of Bristol.g. LeSkovi eT.,2a0T.postojanost lnkjet otisaka u kratkom vremenskom periodu, LJniversity

of Zagreb, diPlomski rad.

9. Fedrigoni. 2005" Spendorlux eolor lntenso', p' 2'

i 0. Roland DG Corpoiation. 2CI09. Material Saftey Data Sheet, For inrmediate UV ink-e urinq

two tJV LED lamps are being used", p. 150"

*A:F"t) t:r.i ..-".",',r i-. -r.iF:4!(-." .t_t t 'l t(*af