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BOILER & ITS

AUXILIARIES

A TECHNICAL PROJECT REPORT

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Contents-

Introduction

Three generations of boiler

Types of boiler

Principle of steam generation

Various pressure parts of boiler

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INTRODUCTION

Steam generation is the process of

converting water into steam.

STEAM GENERATOR:

It is a complex combination of economizer, boiler drum, super

heater, reheater & air pre heater. In addition it has various

auxiliaries, such as stokers, pulverizes, burners, fans, emission

control equipment, stack & ash handling equipment.

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Three Generations of Boiler

Shell type boiler

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contd

Fire tube boiler

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contd

Water tube boiler

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Types of Boiler

Depending on application there are 3 types of

boiler- Utility or power boilers

Industrial boilers Others (Boiler used for locomotive steam

engines, Marine boilers etc.)

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PRINCIPLES OF STEAM GENERATION

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Various pressure parts of Boiler

The various pressure parts of the boiler is

as follows,

1)Economiser.

2)Boiler Drum.

3)Super Heaters.

4)Reheater.

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ECONOMISER:- Economizer are provided to extract the

heat from flue gases & add it as either sensible heat alone or

sensible heat & latent heat to the feed water . Basically it is

nothing but a tube-&-shell type heat exchanger.

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BOILER DRUM :-The drum is found in that type of boiler which

operated under sub-critical pressure. They are used to separate

the steam from saturated liquid & vapour mixture. Generally it

supply dry steam to the super heater bubble less water to the

down comer

The functions of the boiler drum as follows,

1)To provide the necessary space for separation of steam from mixture of steam& water.

2)To house the equipment needed for purification of steam after separation fromsteam-water mixture.

3)To provide a water storage for preventing the starvation of tube.

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SUPER HEATER

Super heatersare providedinthe boilertoraisethesteamtemp.

abovethesaturationtemp. by absorbing heat fromthe fluegas

CLASSIFICATION ACCORDING TO THE MODE OF HEAT TRANSFER

According to the mode of heat transfer the super heaters can be classified asfollows,

a) Radiant super heater.

b) Convective super heater.

CLASSIFICATIONACCORDING TO POSITION & SHAPE:

1.Platen Super heater

2.Horizontal Super heater

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REHEATERS:- Reheatersare usedtoraisedthetemp. of

thesteam comingout fromtheoutletofthe H.P turbine

toitssuper heatedtemp. at constant pr. tosupply super

heatedsteamtothe I.P andthento L.P turbine.

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THE END

PRESENTED BY-

ARITRA ROY

ATINDRA MANDAL

SATADRU CHAKRABORTY

DEBAPRASAD MONDAL