Bijdrage Dirk van Damme · 3,0 . 3,5 . 4,0 . Researchers, per thousand employment Gross domestic...
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Bijdrage Dirk van Damme
Transcript of Bijdrage Dirk van Damme · 3,0 . 3,5 . 4,0 . Researchers, per thousand employment Gross domestic...
Bijdrage Dirk van Damme
Onderzoek, onderwijs en innovatie: de drie-eenheid van het hoger onderwijs
Dirk Van Damme Head of the Centre for Educational Research and Innovation - OECD
Vragen
Hoger onderwijs
Onderzoek
Innovatie Onderwijs
2
Welke rol speelt het HO in de creatie van nieuwe
kennis?
In welke mate draagt het HO bij tot innovatie?
In welke mate ontwikkelt het HO de competenties
voor employability, sociale participatie en innovatie?
Stimuleert het HO ook zijn eigen innovatie?
Basisstelling
• Het Nederlandse HO doet het qua onderzoek, innovatie en onderwijs vrij goed, maar er is ruimte voor verbetering, ook gezien de groei in andere landen, en sommige zaken dienen echt aangepakt om een duurzame kwaliteit te garanderen in de toekomst.
3
ONDERZOEK 1.
4
5
USA
CHN
JPN
DEU
KOR
FRA
GBR CAN
RUS
ITA
AUS
ESP
SWE
NLD
AUT
CHE
TUR
BEL
FIN
DNK
MEX
POL
ZAF
NOR
PRT
CZE
IRL
HUN GRC
NZL
SVN
CHL
LUX SVK
ISL
EST
0,0
2,0
4,0
6,0
8,0
10,0
12,0
14,0
16,0
0,0 0,5 1,0 1,5 2,0 2,5 3,0 3,5 4,0
Researchers, per thousand employment
Gross domestic expenditures on R&D as a percentage of GDP
BRIICS North America EU27
R&D Volumes in 2000 USD - constant prices and PPP
1 Billion 10 Billion 100 Billion
Higher education expenditure on R&D as % of GDP
6
0,0
0,2
0,4
0,6
0,8
1,0
Swed
en (1
999-
2008
) Sw
itzer
land
D
enm
ark
Icel
and
Finl
and
Can
ada
Aust
ria
Isra
el
Sing
apor
e Au
stra
lia (1
998-
2006
) N
ethe
rland
s N
orw
ay (1
999-
2008
) Po
rtuga
l U
nite
d Ki
ngdo
m
Japa
n (1
998-
2007
) G
erm
any
EU27
Be
lgiu
m
Fran
ce
OEC
D
Irela
nd
Italy
Ko
rea
New
Zea
land
(199
9-20
07)
Spai
n U
nite
d St
ates
Tu
rkey
G
reec
e (1
999-
2007
) C
zech
Rep
ublic
H
unga
ry
Slov
enia
Po
land
So
uth
Afric
a (2
001-
07)
Rom
ania
Ar
gent
ina
(199
8-20
07)
Chi
na (1
998-
2007
) Sl
ovak
Rep
ublic
M
exic
o (1
998-
2007
) R
ussi
an F
eder
atio
n Lu
xem
bour
g (2
001-
08)
% 2008 1998
Regionale kennisclusters
7
Ontario (CA)
Baden-Wuerttemberg (DE)
Bayern (DE)
Hessen (DE)
Nordrhein-Westfalen (DE)
Hovedstaden (DK)
Ile de France (FR)
Rhône-Alpes (FR)
Southern-Kanto (JP)
Tokai (JP)
Capital Region (KR)
Chungcheong Region (KR)
West-Nederland (NL)
Zuid-Nederland (NL) California (US)
Illinois (US)
Maryland (US)
Massachusetts (US)
Michigan (US) Minnesota (US)
New Jersey (US) New York (US)
North Carolina (US)
Pennsylvania (US)
Texas (US) Washington (US)
0
1
10
100
0 1 10 100
Share of region in country's biotechnology patents (log scale) %
Share of region in country's nanotechnology patents (log scale) %
Wetenschappelijke publicaties en co-authoring 1998-2008
8
1998 2008
Canada
Korea
Italy Netherlands
Switzerland
India
Belgium Sweden
Russian Federation
Poland
Australia
Brazil
Spain
United States
Germany
France
China
Japan
United Kingdom
Canada
Korea
Italy Netherlands
Switzerland
India
Belgium Sweden
Russian Federation.
Poland
China
Japan
Australia
Brazil
Spain
United States
Germany
France
United Kingdom
Internationale onderzoekssamenwerking
9
0,00
2,00
4,00
6,00
8,00
10,00
12,00
14,00
16,00
18,00
20,00
Uni
ted
Stat
es
Uni
ted
King
dom
Ger
man
y
Fran
ce
Can
ada
Chi
na
Italy
Net
herla
nds
Japa
n
Aust
ralia
Switz
erla
nd
Spai
n
Swed
en
Belg
ium
Den
mar
k
Kore
a
Aust
ria
Indi
a
Finl
and
Braz
il
Nor
way
Rus
sian
Fed
erat
ion
Pola
nd
Turk
ey
Irela
nd
Gre
ece
New
Zea
land
Portu
gal
Cze
ch R
epub
lic
Hun
gary
Mex
ico
Icel
and
Slov
ak R
epub
lic
Luxe
mbo
urg
% Single author International co-authorship Domestic co-authorship 48.8
Highly cited (top 1%) scientific articles by type of collaboration, 2006-08
10
Internationale co-authoring toppublicaties
11
Country 1-10 Index Country 11-20 Index
Belgium 3.48 Canada 2.05 Sweden 3.41 Spain 2.01 Austria 3.39 Australia 2.00 Switzerland 3.24 Germany 1.95 Denmark 3.10 United Kingdom 1.80 Finland 3.02 Korea 1.19 France 2.67 Japan 1.10 Italy 2.66 China 0.82 Brazil 2.46 India 0.64 Netherlands 2.15 United States 0.58
Science & Engineering doctorates
12
36 37 34 38 33 38 38 33 45 35 35 45 34 32 30 31 46 37 37 34 15 33 39 36 34 64 29 19 41 41 38 49 38 33
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
%
Science Engineering
As percentage of all doctorate degrees
INNOVATIE 2.
13
European Innovation Scoreboard
14
European Innovation Scoreboard
15
European Innovation Scoreboard
16
ONDERWIJS 3.
17
Growth in university-level qualifications
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
50
Can
ada
Uni
ted
Stat
es
New
Zea
land
Es
toni
a Fi
nlan
d A
ustr
alia
N
orw
ay
Swed
en
Net
herla
nds
Switz
erla
nd
Uni
ted
Kin
gdom
D
enm
ark
Japa
n G
erm
any
Icel
and
Bel
gium
O
ECD
ave
rage
Lu
xem
bour
g EU
19 a
vera
ge
Irela
nd
Fran
ce
Spai
n H
unga
ry
Slov
enia
G
reec
e A
ustr
ia
Pola
nd
Kor
ea
Slov
ak R
epub
lic
Cze
ch R
epub
lic
Italy
M
exic
o C
hile
B
razi
l Tu
rkey
Po
rtug
al
2000's 1990's 1980's 1970's
%
Percentage of the population that has attained tertiary-type A education in the age groups 25-34 years, 35-44 years, 45-54 years and 55-64 years
Educational attainment
19
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
Kore
a C
anad
a Ja
pan
Rus
sian
Fed
erat
ion1
Ire
land
N
orw
ay
New
Zea
land
Lu
xem
bour
g U
nite
d Ki
ngdo
m
Aust
ralia
D
enm
ark
Fran
ce
Isra
el
Belg
ium
Sw
eden
U
nite
d St
ates
N
ethe
rland
s Sw
itzer
land
Fi
nlan
d Sp
ain
OEC
D a
vera
ge
Esto
nia
G20
ave
rage
Ic
elan
d Po
land
C
hile
Sl
oven
ia
Gre
ece
Ger
man
y H
unga
ry
Portu
gal
Aust
ria
Slov
ak R
epub
lic
Cze
ch R
epub
lic
Mex
ico
Italy
Tu
rkey
Br
azil
55-64 year-olds 25-34 year-olds
Percentage of population that has attained tertiary education, by age group (2009) %
Proportion of population with tertiary education and potential growth (2009)
20
Percentage of 25-64 year-olds in employment, by level of education (2009)
21
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100 N
orw
ay
Switz
erla
nd
Slov
enia
Ic
elan
d Sw
eden
N
ethe
rland
s D
enm
ark
Portu
gal
Aust
ria
Ger
man
y Br
azil
Pola
nd
Luxe
mbo
urg
Uni
ted
King
dom
Fi
nlan
d C
zech
Rep
ublic
Au
stra
lia
Belg
ium
N
ew Z
eala
nd
OEC
D a
vera
ge
Fran
ce
Slov
ak R
epub
lic
Esto
nia
Isra
el
Gre
ece
Irela
nd
Can
ada
Mex
ico
Spai
n U
nite
d St
ates
Ja
pan
Italy
H
unga
ry
Chi
le
Kore
a Tu
rkey
Tertiary education
Upper secondary and post-secondary non-tertiary
Countries are ranked in descending order of the employment rate for individuals with tertiary education. Source: OECD. Table A7.3a. See Annex 3 for notes (www.oecd.org/edu/eag2011).
%
Tertiary graduates in science-related fields among 25-34 year-olds in employment, by gender (2009)
22
0
500
1.000
1.500
2.000
2.500
3.000
3.500
4.000
4.500
5.000
Number of graduates per 100.000 employed
Total Men Women
Note: Science-related fields include life sciences; physical sciences, mathematics and statistics, computing; engineering and engineering trades, manufacturing and processing, architecture and building. 1. Year of reference 2008 for the number of graduates. Countries are ranked in descending order of the percentage of tertiary science-related graduates in tertiary-type A
PISA Reading score 2009
23
-100
-80
-60
-40
-20
0
20
40
60
80
100
Kyrg
yzst
an
Azer
baija
n Pa
nam
a Pe
ru
Qat
ar
Kaza
khst
an
Alba
nia
Indo
nesi
a Ar
gent
ina
Tuni
sia
Braz
il M
onte
negr
o Jo
rdan
C
olom
bia
Trin
idad
and
Tob
ago
Thai
land
U
rugu
ay
Bulg
aria
R
oman
ia
Mex
ico
Serb
ia
Dub
ai (U
AE)
Chi
le
Aust
ria
Rus
sian
Fed
erat
ion
Isra
el
Luxe
mbo
urg
Turk
ey
Lith
uani
a C
zech
Rep
ublic
C
roat
ia
Slov
ak R
epub
lic
Gre
ece
Slov
enia
Ita
ly
Fran
ce
Spai
n G
erm
any
Uni
ted
King
dom
Be
lgiu
m
Portu
gal
Uni
ted
Stat
es
Latv
ia
Hun
gary
Sw
eden
Ire
land
Ic
elan
d Sw
itzer
land
Li
echt
enst
ein
Chi
nese
Tai
pei
Den
mar
k Po
land
N
orw
ay
Mac
ao-C
hina
N
ew Z
eala
nd
Net
herla
nds
Aust
ralia
Ja
pan
Esto
nia
Sing
apor
e C
anad
a H
ong
Kong
-Chi
na
Finl
and
Kore
a Sh
angh
ai-C
hina
PISA science score and research intensity
24
Trends in PISA Mean score in reading 2009
Number of years for which PISA
results are available
Reading Mathematics Science
Korea 539 9 1.6 0.7 5.3
Finland 536 9 -1.2 -0.6 -3.1
Hong Kong-China 533 8 1.0 0.7 2.3
Canada 524 9 -1.1 -0.9 -1.9
New Zealand 521 9 -0.9 -0.7 0.5
Japan 520 9 -0.3 -0.9 2.7
Australia 515 9 -1.5 -1.7 0.1
Netherlands 508 6 -0.8 -2.0 -0.9
Belgium 506 9 -0.1 -2.3 -1.3
Norway 503 9 -0.2 0.5 4.4
Estonia 501 3 0.1 -0.8 -1.2
Switzerland 501 9 0.7 1.2 1.7
Poland 500 9 2.4 0.8 3.4
Iceland 500 9 -0.7 -1.4 1.6
United States 500 9 -0.5 0.8 4.4
25
Science score and interest in science in PISA
AUS
AUT
BEL
CAN
CHL
CZE
DNK
EST
FIN
FRA DEU
GRC
HUN
ISL
IRL
ISR
ITA
JPN
KOR
LUX
MEX
NLD
NZL
NOR
POL
PRT
SVK
SVN
ESP
SWE
CHE
GBR
TUR
USA
BRA
HKG
MAC
IDN
RUS
440
460
480
500
520
540
560
580
600
620
640
380 400 420 440 460 480 500 520 540 560 580 600 620
Inte
rest
in S
cien
ce T
opic
s
PISA 2006 Science Score
HIGH SCORE HIGH INTEREST
LOW SCORE LOW INTEREST
LOW SCORE HIGH INTEREST
HIGH SCORE LOW INTEREST
26
TOTAALBEELD 4.
27
NL universiteiten in THEWUR ranking
28
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
Leid
en U
nive
rsity
VU U
nive
rsity
Am
ster
dam
Utre
cht U
nive
rsity
W
agen
inge
n U
nive
rsity
Eras
mus
Uni
vers
ity R
otte
rdam
U
nive
rsity
of A
mst
erda
m
Uni
vers
ity o
f Tw
ente
Europe – total score
EN INNOVATIE IN HET HO ZELF?
5.
29
Indicators of Innovation in education
36
43
50 50 51 53 55
59 60 61 61 62 63 64 64 66 67 68
71 72
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Proportion of professionals in the education sector working in a very highly or highly innovative organisation
Knowledge or method
Source: OECD, based on REFLEX (2005) and HEGESCO (2008)
Innovation in Education is Mainly about Knowledge and Methods
31 Source: REFLEX (2005) and HEGESCO (2008) Year 2008 instead of 2005 for Slovenia, Turkey, Lithuania, Poland and Hungary
59%
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
Knowledge or method innovation
Product or service innovation
Technology, tools or instruments innovation
Percentage of graduates working in the education sector perceiving innovation intensity in their organisation as very high or high in 2005
Presenter
Presentation Notes
In all European countries, intensity of knowledge or method innovation in the education sector is higher than the intensity of product or technology innovations, according to the graduate perceptions. 51 % of Estonian graduates working in the education sector consider that intensity of knowledge or method innovation is very high or high in their organisation (5 or 4 in the 5 point scale) – against 44% for technology and 36% for product innovation. This is close to an average European country. While we know this about how innovation in education is perceived…. But we still lack hard evidence on… What exactly is actually happening in schools and classrooms? What really has changed or is changing in education? What is the impact of the change? Need to measure innovation in education, including related drivers and barriers and what it means for policy
Educational Research and Development
35,0
27,0
23,7
17,8
13,0 10,7 10,4
8,5 7,8 7,1 6,6 6,2 5,1
3,4 3,3 2,9 2,9 2,8 2,8 2,7 2,4 2,4 2,3 2,1 2,1 0,4
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40 Public budget for education research per student (2008) (2000 Dollars - Constant Prices and PPPs)
Science-driven innovation in education
