Area Development and Cradle to Cradle · 12/9/2016 · 1 meeuwsen, 2009: cradle to cradle in...

ERASMUS UNIVERSITY ROTTERDAM

Academic Chair ‘Cradle to Cradle for Innovation and Quality’ (RSM) &

Dutch Research Institute for Transitions (DRIFT)

Cradle to Cradle

in onderzoek en onderwijs

C2C Café, 9 december 2016, Leeuwarden

Rotterdam School of Management (RSM) & Dutch Research Institute for Transitions (DRIFT)

ir. Marleen Lodder

MARLEEN LODDER

– Promovenda Erasmus University Rotterdam

• C2C Chair, Rotterdam School of Management (RSM) (Oktober 2011-heden)

• DRIFT, Dutch Research Institute for Transitions (Oktober 2011-heden)

– Onderzoeker/Adviseur Transities en Transitie Management

• DRIFT, Dutch Research Institute for Transitions (Oktober 2015-heden)

9-12-16, C2C Cafe2 @LMLodder [email protected]

CRADLE TO CRADLE IN ONDERZOEK EN ONDERWIJS

– Onderwijs

• Cradle to Cradle Chair for Innovation and Quality, RSM, Erasmus Universiteit Rotterdam

• MBA, Master Elective en Master Thesis

– Onderzoek

• Case Study Book: Cradle to Cradle inspired Master Theses; Adding pieces to the puzzle

– PhD onderzoek

• Beneficial Area Development


http://www.rsm.nl/research/departments/technology-and-operations-management/research/cradle-to-cradle-for-innovation-and-quality/case-study-book/

C2C LEERSTOEL RSM

– Sinds 2011 de leerstoel van prof. dr. Michael Braungart gevestigd bij RSM

– Verschillende onderwijsactiviteiten over de mogelijkheden die C2C en de circulaire economie te bieden hebben (Diana den Held)

• Master Elective

• MBA onderwijsprogramma

• jaarlijks meer dan 80 studenten

• afkomstig uit: MSc Supply Chain Management, MSc Management of Innovation en MSc Global Business & Stakeholder Management

9-12-16, C2C Cafe4

www.rsm.nl/c2c

@LMLodder [email protected]

http://www.rsm.nl/master/msc-programmes/msc-supply-chain-management/

http://www.rsm.nl/master/msc-programmes/msc-management-of-innovation/

http://www.rsm.nl/master/msc-programmes/msc-global-business-stakeholder-management/

C2C LEERSTOEL RSM: MASTER ELECTIVE

– The Triple Top Line approach to the current economic, ecologic, and social challenges

– Implementing C2C with C2C principles, goals and roadmaps

– The challenges of working with C2C today (current gaps and limitations)

9-12-16, C2C Cafe5

www.rsm.nl/c2c



9-12-16, C2C Cafe6

www.rsm.nl/c2c



– Casus: Koeleman Plants

– Vier studenten: retourlogistieksysteem mét businessmodel

• Bespaart 70 % CO2-uitstoot

• beter product, want orchideeën groeien groter in de tweede ronde

9-12-16, C2C Cafe7

www.rsm.nl/c2chttp://www.baaz.nl/content/kweker-gaat-markt-op-met-circulaire-orchidee

‘De retourzending van de uitgebloeide orchideeën

verloopt via een retailer. De consument koopt daar

zijn circulaire orchidee en brengt de plant terug

zodra deze is uitgebloeid. Hij krijg dan korting op

een nieuwe orchidee. De winkelier stuurt de plant

terug naar kweker om deze opnieuw te laten

opkweken, in een fractie van de kweektijd van een

nieuwe orchidee.’


http://www.growinginstyle.nl/

C2C LEERSTOEL RSM: CASE STUDY BOOK

– Sinds introductie veel studenten onderzoek naar C2C

– Elke universiteit heeft eigen database

– Overzicht ontbreekt

– Zoektocht begon in 2009

9-12-16, C2C Cafe8

www.rsm.nl/c2c



– Sinds introductie veel studenten onderzoek naar C2C

– Elke universiteit heeft eigen database

– Overzicht ontbreekt

– Zoektocht begon in 2009

9-12-16, C2C Cafe9

www.rsm.nl/c2c

HBO kennisbank RePub EURUniversity Library

Goningen

Library Instituut

Defensie

Leergangen

Library Codarts

Hogeschool voor

de Kunsten

Library Hogeschool

Dirksen

Library Iselinge

Hogeschool

Plado PSI EUR IVEM

Library Design

Academy

Eindhoven

Library Hogeschool

Edith SteinLibrary LOI

CradletoCradle.nlUniversity Library

Utrecht

Student Repository

(LEI)

Library De Haagse

Hogeschool

Library Driestar

Hogeschool

Library Hogeschool

Helicon

Library Marnix

Academie

SAM HAO

CatalogusOmega

University Library

Vrije Universiteit

Amsterdam (VU)

Library

Hanzehogeschool

Groningen

Library Europort

Business School

Library Hogeschool

InhollandNCOI

DHOUniversity Library

TU/e

Student Repository

(VU)

Library Hogeschool

Rotterdam

Library Fontys

Hogescholen

Library Hogeschool

IPABO

Library Noordelijke

Hogeschool

Leeuwarden

SCRIPTIES-

ONLINE

University Library

Delft

Open Universiteit

(OU)

Library Hogeschool

Utrecht

Library Fontys

Hogescholen

Library Hogeschool

ISBWLibrary NTI

ScopusUniversity Library

Tilburg

Library

Protestantse

Theologische

Universiteit (PThU)

Library

Amsterdamse

Hogeschool voor

de Kunsten

Library

Gereformeerde

Hogeschool Zwolle

Library Hogeschool

Leiden

Library

Politieacademie

NarcisUniversity Library

Twente

Library

Theologische

Universiteit

Apeldoorn

Library ArtEZ

hogeschool voor

de kunsten

Library Gerrit

Rietveld Academie

Library Hogeschool

NOVI

Library Stoas

Hogeschool

WisleUniversity Library

Wageningen

Library

Theologische

Universiteit

SAM HO

Catalogus

Library Hogeschool

Arnhem Nijmegen

Library Hogeschool

Tio

SpringWUR, student

thesis

Library Universiteit

voor Humanistiek

Library Christelijke

Hogeschool

Windesheim

Library Hogeschool

de Kempel

Library Hogeschool

Wittenborg

Auckland University of Technology (NZ)South China University of Technology and

Cornell University (CN/US)

Blekinge Institute of Technology Karlskrona

(SW)Technical University of Denmark (DK)

Free University of Brussels (BE) University of Delaware Newark (US)

Gent University (BE) University of Dundee (UK)

Institute for Environmental Entrepreneurship

(US)University of Greenwich (UK)

Lunds University (SW) University of Lüneburg (DE)

Ontario College of Art and Design University

(CA)University of St. Thomas (US)



– Database:

• Student Theses: 148

• C2C Inspired Publications (f.e. reports, scientific articles): 84

• C2C Inspired Tools: 4

– 75 masterstudenten uitgenodigd

• 26 Scripties als casus

9-12-16, C2C Cafe10

www.rsm.nl/c2c



1. INTRODUCTION

2. ARCHITECTURE BUILDING & PLANNING

3. ARTS

4. ENGINEERING

5. INDUSTRIAL DESIGN

6. MANAGEMENT STUDIES

7. SOCIAL SCIENCES

8. CLOSING REMARKS

9-12-16, C2C Cafe11

www.rsm.nl/c2c


1 Meeuwsen, 2009: CRADLE TO CRADLE IN REGIONAL DESIGN

2 Lam, 2008: REMAKING THE WAY WE MAKE CITIES

3 Gejer, 2011: DESIGNING THE CIRCULAR METABOLIC BUILDING

4 van Schaik, 2010: REVITALISEREN VAN DE GEBOUWDE OMGEVING VAN BEDRIJVENTERREINEN OP BASIS VAN CRADLE TO CRADLE

5 Kulik et al., 2009: BUILDING INTEGRATED GREENHOUSES

6 Smits, 2013: THE BREATHING GREEN PAVILION

7 Riga, 2012: CLOSING THE MATERIALS CYCLES

8 Vandenbroucke, 2011:CRADLE TO CRADLE IN REGIONAL DESIGN

9 de Groot, 2009: MATERIALIZING WITH CRADLE TO CRADLE

10 van Balgooi, 2009: ECO-EFFECTIVE FASHION DESIGN - A DIFFERENT MINDSET

11 Jongeneel, 2009: C2C IN SUSTAINABLE SPATIAL DEVELOPMENT IN GREENPORT VENLO

12 Wiersma, 2009: EVALUATION OF CRADLE TO CRADLE DESIGN

13 Bjørn, 2013: CRADLE TO CRADLE AND ENVIRONMENTAL SUSTAINABILITY

14 Bailleul, 2013: AIRCRAFT DESIGN USING CRADLE TO CRADLE®: REALITY OR UTOPIA?

15 Mesch et al., 2013: APPLICATION OF C2C DESIGN IN A CANTEEN ENVIRONMENT

16van Putten, 2009: DESIGN OF A BIO-BASED CONSUMER PRODUCT FROM SUSTAINABLE RENEWABLE BIOMASS SOURCES AND

IDENTIFICATION OF THE BUSINESS OPPORTUNITY

17 Herrera Jaramillo, 2013: DEVELOPMENT OF A DECISION SUPPORT MODEL FOR BUILDING DESIGN

18 Koster, 2010: CRADLE TO CRADLE, A GAIN FOR CONSTRUCTION COMPANIES?

19 Zwaans, 2009: HOW DOES THE CRADLE TO CRADLE METHODOLOGY CONTRIBUTE TO THE COMPANY’S FOR-PROFIT GOALS?

20 Babre, 2013: POTENTIAL CONSUMERS OF CRADLE TO CRADLE PRODUCTS

21 Redolfi, 2013: CRADLE TO CRADLE: DRIVING CHANGE IN THE BRAZILIAN GYPSUM INDUSTRY

22 Iosif-Lazar, 2012: THE EVOLUTION OF THE CRADLE TO CRADLE MODEL IMPLEMENTATION WITHIN ORGANIZATIONS

23 Cassel, 2010: ADDRESSING RISK GOVERNANCE DEFICITS THROUGH SCENARIO MODELING PRACTICES

24 Ünal, 2013: CRADLE TO CRADLE FOR INNOVATION AND QUALITY

25 Zanzanaini, 2011: EXPLORING THE DYNAMICS OF CRADLE TO CRADLE

26 Vaane, 2009: CRADLE TO CRADLE IN THE NORTH-LIMBURG REGION




– What was your ‘puzzle’? (The problem you wanted to solve);

– To which current global societal challenges or trends did your problem relate?;

– What motivated you to face this challenge?;

– How did you approach your problem? (Which methodology did you use);

– Why did you choose to incorporate the ideas of the C2C design paradigm?;

– Which C2C concepts did you use?;

– Did working with C2C change your research approach? If yes, in what way?;

– How did you solve your ‘puzzle’?;

– What did you learn?;

– What were the results of your research?;

– Would there have been other solutions?; and

– What are your recommendations for further research?

9-12-16, C2C Cafe13

www.rsm.nl/c2c



ARCHITECTURE BUILDING & PLANNING

9-12-16, C2C Cafe14

www.rsm.nl/c2c

“C2C distinguishes economy and ecology in its present concepts: where economy is about

‘efficiency’, ecology is ‘effective’.”(Meeuwesen, 2009)

“Due to the growing interest in C2C by the Dutch construction industry, partly caused by episodes of the TV documentary Tegenlicht (2006, 2007), my

interest in C2C was also aroused.” (Lam, 2009)“C2C theory was incorporated in this thesis as a guide for the employment of the intelligence of

natural systems in such a way that nature, human society and technology could fruitfully

coexist.” (Gejer, 2011)

“In my opinion the C2C concept to close cycles by waste is food, is interesting. By using this

philosophy we will mimic nature.” (van Schaik, 2010)

“Rather than waste, C2C considers materials as “food” for the natural and industrial

environments, and this concept was crucial for the conduction of this thesis.” (Riga, 2012)



ARTS

9-12-16, C2C Cafe15

www.rsm.nl/c2c

“… for me [C2C] was a new way of creating beautiful products that do not harm nature (including humans).” (van Balgooi, 2009)



ENGINEERING

9-12-16, C2C Cafe16

www.rsm.nl/c2c

“I picked up on a growing interest in the ideas of C2C, especially in the policy-making world, which is an area that has my interest.”

(Wiersma, 2009)

“I became inspired by C2C after having read the 2002 book. I immediately thought the concept was useful, but that it could use a

“reality check” from LCA.” (Bjørn, 2013)

“… after the literature study it was clear to everyone that if we wanted to change something on the waste problem in the aviation industry, the Cradle to Cradle philosophy was a very good guideline

to do so.” (Bailleul, et al., 2013)



INDUSTRIAL DESIGN

9-12-16, C2C Cafe17

www.rsm.nl/c2c

“… we find that the C2C design paradigm is best suited regarding additional topics like toxicity and biosphere cycle, besides the

obvious ambition for a sustainable product.” (Mesch, et al., 2013)

“It offers clear guidelines as to how consumption can happen while being of benefit to the environment.” (van Putten, 2009)

“Instead of only reducing a negative environmental impact, C2C is leading to positive effects. Looking at the big picture, it contributes directing the efforts

toward a sustainable development.” (Jaramillo, 2013)



MANAGEMENT STUDIES

9-12-16, C2C Cafe18

www.rsm.nl/c2c

“Economic growth was bad, because soon we reach our limits to growth, until Cradle to Cradle came up.” (Koster, 2010)

“C2C is the only environmental concept with a clear focus on the profit maximization, because it is not ‘against’ consumption.”

(Zwaans, 2009)

“I believe it is necessary to add Cradle to Cradle principles to the pool of business academic research, increase awareness of the concept as well as of the emerging consumer group with its own needs and values.” (Babre, 2013)

“…it was interesting to understand the implications of the ways in which it would affect and change business practices and internal routines in order to

contribute to the C2C development.” (Iosif-Lazar, 2012)



SOCIAL SCIENCES

9-12-16, C2C Cafe19

www.rsm.nl/c2c

“I was very inspired by the Cradle to Cradle book, and it is an idea that I would really like to see work.” (Zanzanaini, 2011)

“What motivated me to start this research is a strong convention that we have to re-design and re-think our behavior on this

planet.” (Vaane, 2009)



– Which C2C concepts did you use?;

9-12-16, C2C Cafe20

www.rsm.nl/c2c



Wat valt er op?

• Life Cycle Analyse versus Cradle to Cradle

• C2C versus andere concepten zoals Biomimicry, CirculaireEconomie, Biobased economie, etc.

• De sociale aspecten van C2C

• C2C product certificering versus C2C geïnspireerde gebouwen en gebieden

9-12-16, C2C Cafe21

www.rsm.nl/c2c



C2C vs LCA

“Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) is a measurement tool that has been used since the 1970s as a means of assessing the environmental impact of products or services. Cradle to Cradle (C2C) is an innovation framework used since the 1990s in order to design products and services which are beneficial in economic, health and environmental terms.” (Bor, et al., 2011, p. 2).

• Mulhall, D., Braungart, M., & Hansen, K. (2013a). Life cycle analyses. In D. Rowe (Ed.), Achieving sustainability: Visions, principles, and practices (VOL. 1 ed., pp. 499-504). DetroiT: Macmillan Reference USA. link

• Bor, A., Hansen, K., Goedkoop, M., Rivière, A., Alvarado, C., & van den Wittenboer, W. (2011). Usability of life cycle assessment for cradle to cradle purposes. Utrecht: NL Agency. link

9-12-16, C2C Cafe22

www.rsm.nl/c2c


http://community-wealth.org/content/achieving-sustainability-visions-principles-and-practices

http://www.rvo.nl/sites/default/files/bijlagen/Position_paper_Usability_of_Life_Cycle_Assessment_for_Cradle_to_Cradle_purposes_W.pdf


C2C versus andere concepten:

• closed cycles,

• industrial ecology,

• circular economy,

• bio-based economy, and

• Biomimicry.

– Overlap met C2C

– C2C kan worden gerelateerd aan

– Echt een verschil, zoals bij LCA

– Soms bouwen ze op elkaar voort

9-12-16, C2C Cafe23

www.rsm.nl/c2c



C2C versus andere concepten

– C2C gaat over het nalaten van een positieve voetafdruk

– C2C ontwerpprincipes geven richting

• “Everything is a nutrient for something else” meerwaardevoor de techno- en/of de biosphere

• Gevoed door hernieuwbare energie “Use current solar income”

• Waarbij het uitgangspunt is “Celebrating diversity”

9-12-16, C2C Cafe24

www.rsm.nl/c2c



C2C versus andere concepten

– “continuous cycles” ipv “closed cycles”.

– “cleaning the air”, ipv “climate neutral”,

– “up-cycling” ipv “zero waste”,

– “carbon positive” ipv “CO2 neutral”, etc.

– De Pauw, I. C., Karana, E., Kandachar, P., & Poppelaars, F. (2014). Comparing biomimicry and cradle to cradle with ecodesign: A case study of student design projects. Journal of Cleaner Production, 78, 174-183. link

– Sawahata, L. (2014). Project Mainstream: Changing the shape of business (Special feature: A Circular Economy, the revolution begins). RSM Outlook, Rotterdam School of Management, Summer 2014. link

– Mulhall, D., Braungart, M., & Hansen, K. (2013a). Life cycle analyses. In D. Rowe (Ed.), Achieving sustainability: Visions, principles,and practices (VOL. 1 ed., pp. 499-504). DetroiT: Macmillan Reference USA. link

– Braungart, M., & Mulhall, D. (2012), Point of view: Treat emissions as resources, Ellen MacArthur Foundation. Retrieved from link

9-12-16, C2C Cafe25

www.rsm.nl/c2c


http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0959652614004405

https://emf-packs.s3-eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/Act 1 Additional Resources/C2C Criteria eBook.pdf?AWSAccessKeyId=AKIAITAQSOURJ2COPP2A&Signature=zJ2sLLxTAZ5XBGtcwrKQf8cHw28%3D&Expires=1434409442

http://community-wealth.org/content/achieving-sustainability-visions-principles-and-practices

http://www.ellenmacarthurfoundation.org/accueil/derniers-articles/point-of-view-treating-emissions-as-resources-by-braungart-mulhall


C2C versus Circulaire Economie

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www.rsm.nl/c2c



Sociale aspecten

• Zijn afhankelijk van de schaal en de focus die je aanneemt

• Product, bedrijf (strategie), gebouw, region, infrastructuur

• De sociale aspecten waren een drijfveer voor de ontwikkeling van het C2C ontwerp principe

• Braungart, M., Hansen, K., & Mulhall, D. (1997), Biomass Nutrient Recycling. Water Environment and Technology, 9(8), 41-48. link

• InGienous Designs. (n.d.). Waste treatment by bionutrient recycling. Retrieved from: link

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www.rsm.nl/c2c


http://www.c2c-centre.com/sites/default/files/Biomass-Nutrient-Recycling-EPEA_0.pdf

http://ingienous.com/sectors/manufacturing/cradle-to-cradle/


Certificering voor producten en niet voor gebouwen

– C2C geïnspireerde elementen in gebouwen

• Hoe voegen ze waarde toe?

• Hoe draagt dit bij aan innovatie?

• Meten en inzichtelijk maken hoe:• kwaliteit van materialen, biodiversiteit, luchtkwaliteit, waterkwaliteit wordt

verbeterd

• hernieuwbare energie wordt opgewekt

• flexibiliteit en deconstructie

• betrekken van gebruikers en het verbeteren van de gezondheid van de gebruikers

• The Registry, http://www.c2c-buildings.org/

• Mulhall, D., Braungart, M., & Hansen, K. (2013b). The registry of cradle to cradle® inspired elements for building developments. Rotterdam School Of Management, Erasmus University. link

• Hansen, K., Braungart, M., & Mulhall, D. (2012). Resource repletion resource repletion , role of buildings. In R. Meyers (Ed.), (pp. 9025-9049) Springer New York. doi:10.1007/978-1-4419-0851-3_420 link

• Braungart, M., & Mulhall, D. (2010). Cradle to cradle® criteria for the built environment. Nunspeet: Duurzaam Gebouwd. link


http://www.c2c-buildings.org/

http://www.rsm.nl/fileadmin/Images/PhD_Faculty_and_Research/C2C/2011-11-14_Registry_for_C2C_Inspired_Elements_in_Building_Developments_Final_Beta_v_3-22.pdf

http://link.springer.com/referenceworkentry/10.1007/978-1-4614-5828-9_420

https://www.google.nl/url?sa=t&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=web&cd=1&cad=rja&uact=8&ved=0ahUKEwj-94OJ6OLQAhXCzxQKHc33BOAQFggcMAA&url=http://vuggetilvugge.dk/wp-content/uploads/2015/12/C2C-Criteria-eBook_october-2010.pdf&usg=AFQjCNEIWSYZZcJHba-vmHAR7a2j_GTLqw&sig2=E5mz0NMUzUAAax6xLFONrw

MARLEEN LODDER

The Transition towards Beneficial (urban) Area Development

An investigation on how an area could be beneficial for its surroundings

ir. Marleen Lodder1,2

Supervisors: prof. dr. Michael Braungart2 and prof. dr. ir. Jan Rotmans1 (daily supervisor: prof. dr. Derk Loorbach1)

1 DRIFT – Dutch Research Institute For Transitions, Faculty of Social Sciences2 RSM – Rotterdam School of Management, Technology & Operation Management, Cradle to Cradle Chair for

Innovation and Quality

Erasmus University Rotterdam Initiated by the RSI foundation


INTRODUCTIE

– Methoden

• verder gaan dan eco-efficiency / “minder slecht”

• zowel in proces als in de fysieke vertaling

– Gebiedsontwikkelingsprocessen vanuit een Transitie Perspectief

– Cradle to Cradle Gebiedsontwikkeling

– Beneficial Area Development

• lange termijn maatschappelijke meerwaarde

• Innovatief participatief proces


MIDDEN IN DE TRANSITIE

– een verschuiving in denken

– een fundamentele omslag in wijze van organiseren en doen

– overvloed aan concepten en principes

– andere manieren van (samen)werken, nieuwe rollen en nieuwe spelers

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GEBIEDSONTWIKKELING 1.0

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Wateringse Veld (source: http://www.dearchitect.nl)

motivatie waarde focus

Aanbodgestuurde Groei Kwalitatief Financiering (korte termijn)33


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HafenCity Hamburg (source: http://www.hafencitynews.de)

motivatie waarde focus

Vraaggestuurde Groei

Kwalitatief

Kwantitatief

Inhoud

Proces (participatief)

Financiering (korte termijn)34


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motivatie waarde Focus

Vraaggestuurde Meerwaarde

Ontwikkeling

Kwalitatief

Kwantitatief

Normatief

Inhoud

Proces (participatief)

Financiering (lange termijn)

Stadshavens Rotterdam (source: van woestijn naar goudmijn (Drift, 2011))

35

TRANSITIE NAAR BENEFICIAL AREA DEVELOPMENT

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Sustainable Area Development

Beneficial Area Development

(Re) Generative Approach

Growth Approach

Compensation Approach

time

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2000195019001850

Unsustainable Area Development

36 @LMLodder [email protected]

TRANSITION NAAR BENEFICIAL AREA DEVELOPMENT

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VAN: …VIA… NAAR:

Financiële groei

Triple Bottom Line Triple Top Line

Eco- & socio-efficiency Eco- & socio-effectiviteit

Reduceren negatieve externaliteiten

Verhogen positiveexternaliteiten

Vervuilend Minder vervuilend Positieve bijdrage

Ruimteconsumerend

Verdichten Waarde toevoegen

Exclusie Partnerschappen Mutualisme

Top-down Top-down & Bottom-up(see also: Lodder, M., Lijnis Huffenreuter, R., Braungart, M. and den Held, D.,2014),

http://www.academia.edu/download/40507920/Lodder_Huffenreuter_Braungart_den_Held_Regenerative_Sustainable_Development__working_paper_.pdf


http://www.academia.edu/download/40507920/Lodder_Huffenreuter_Braungart_den_Held_Regenerative_Sustainable_Development__working_paper_.pdf

FRAMEWORK

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Grosskurth & Rotmans, 2005 McDonough & Braungart, 2002

Based on e.g. Bruntland, 1987; Elkington, 1996;


RAAMWERK

– Perspectief• Ecologisch

• Economisch

• Sociaal

– Schaal• Lokaal

• Mondiaal

– Thema • 12 thema’s

– Tijd • Momentopname tijdens een proces


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PERSPECTIEF

Based on: McDonough & Braungart, 2002; Grosskurth & Rotmans, 2005

“The aim is to enhance the

wellbeing of nature and culture

while generating economic

value.”


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PERSPECTIEF & SCHAAL


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Beneficial: “Een positieve impact, of toegevoegde waarde, op zowel de ecologische, economische als sociale aspecten waarvan de schaal toeneemt.”


1. Biodiversity

2. Water

3. Air

4. Topsoil

5. Materials

6. Energy

7. Hard infrastructure

8. Facilities & Leisure

9. Social infrastructure

10. Culture

11. Spatial design & Urban quality

12. Governance

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PERSPECTIEF & SCHAAL & THEMA

(Based on multiple sources/frameworks for Sustainable (Area) Development)

Materials

Water

Air

Topsoil

Hard infrastructure

Energy

Biodiversity

Facilities & LeisureSocial infrastructure

Culture Urban quality

Governance


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Water

Identity

Topsoil

Energy

Materials

Social Infrastructure

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Area: “De ruimtelijke schaal waarop meerwaarde gegenereerd kunnen worden. De grenzen zijn dus niet bepaald door de bestuurlijke of

landschappelijke schaal, maar door de oppervlakte waarop de cyclus gesloten kan worden, waarna er meerwaarde gegenereerd kan worden (afhankelijk van

het thema en de context, lokaal tot mondiaal).”

46

area

The area produces more

[theme] than it consumes

The area consumes the

same [theme] as it

produces

The area consumes

more [theme] than it

produces

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PERSPECTIEF & SCHAAL & THEMA & TIJD

sca

le

time

maximize positive impact

reduce negative impact

Transnationaal

Lokaal


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BENEFICIAL AREA DEVELOPMENT

Development: “Een organisch proces dat plaatsvindt tussen de verschillende betrokkenen, de functies en de

ecologische omgeving van het gebied.”

Note: Development = Redevelopment en Ontwikkeling = Herontwikkeling



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Transition management cycle

(Rotmans and Loorbach, 2006, Loorbach 2007)

Cradle to Cradle design approach

(based on: McDonough and Braungart 2013)


Marleen Lodder PhD candidate en Adviseur Duurzaamheids Transities, DRIFT, Erasmus University Rotterdam

Burgemeester Oudlaan 50 | T16-42 | 3062 PA Rotterdam | The Netherlands | +31 10 4089775 | [email protected] | www.drift.eur.nl

ROTTERDAM SCHOOL OF MANAGEMENTAcademic Chair ‘Cradle to Cradle for Innovation and Quality’ | www.rsm.nl/c2c

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Area Development and Cradle to Cradle · 12/9/2016 · 1 meeuwsen, 2009: cradle to cradle in...

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