Post on 14-Jan-2017
The Femur
The Femur
A long bone
Divided into thirds
Proximal third – closer to the head or cranial end of the body
Proximal third – closer to the head or cranial end of the body
Middle third
Proximal third – closer to the head or cranial end of the body
Middle third
Distal third –Towards the feet or caudal end of the body
Anterior View
Posterior View
right femur
Features of Proximal Femur
Anterior View
Posterior View
right femur
Head of Femur
Anterior View
Posterior View
right femur
Head of Femur
Anterior View
Posterior View
Articulates with Pelvis at Hip Joint
right femur
Neck of Femur
Anterior View
Posterior View
Greater Trochanter
Anterior View
Posterior View
right femur
Greater Trochanter
Anterior View
Posterior View
Hip Joint Abductors attach Laterally and Anteriorly
right femur
Greater Trochanter
Anterior View
Posterior View
External Rotators of Hip Joint attach Medially and Posteriorly
right femur
Proximal Femur superior view
anterior
posterior
Distal Femur
right femur
Proximal Femur superior view
anterior
posterior
Femoral Head
Distal Femur
right femur
Proximal Femur superior view
anterior
posterior
Femoral Neck
Femoral Head
Distal Femur
right femur
Proximal Femur superior view
anterior
posterior
Greater Trochanter
Femoral Neck
Femoral Head
Distal Femur
right femur
Lesser Trochanter
Anterior View
Posterior View
right femur
Lesser Trochanter
Anterior View
Posterior View
Hip Flexors attach here
right femur
Intertrochanteric Line
Anterior View
Posterior View
right femur
Intertrochanteric Line
Anterior View
Hip Joint capsule attaches here Anteriorly
Posterior View
right femur
Intertrochanteric Crest
Anterior View
Posterior View
right femur
Proximal femur medial view
right femur
The Fovea provides attachment for the Ligamentum Teres
(ligament of the head of the femur)
This attaches to the acetabulum of the pelvis and helps stabilise the hip joint
Proximal femur medial view
right femur
Shaft of Femur
Shaft of FemurPosterior view
right femur
Pectineal Line
Shaft of FemurPosterior view
right femur
Shaft of FemurPosterior view
Gluteal Tuberosity
right femur
Shaft of FemurPosterior view
Linea Aspera
right femur
Medial Supracondylar Line (ridge)
right femur
Shaft of FemurPosterior view
Lateral Supracondylar Line (ridge)
right femur
Shaft of FemurPosterior view
Distal Femur
Distal Femur – anterior view
If the shaft is held perpendicular to the floor, the medial condyle is seen to project further inferiorly compared to the lateral condyle
right femur
In the upright skeleton, the shaft of the femur lies obliquely and the condyles
appear to be aligned distally
If the shaft is held perpendicular to the floor, the medial condyle is seen to project further inferiorly compared to the lateral condyle
Distal Femur – anterior view
medial condyle
right femur
Distal Femur – anterior view
medial condyle
lateral condyleright femur
Distal Femur – anterior view
mediallateral
right femur
Distal Femur – anterior view
mediallateral
Lateral Epicondyle
right femur
Distal Femur – anterior view
mediallateral
Adductor Tubercle
right femur
Distal Femur – anterior view
mediallateral
Medial Epicondyle
right femur
Distal Femur posterior view
right femur
Distal Femur posterior view
right femur
If the shaft is held perpendicular to the floor, the medial condyle is seen to project further inferiorly compared to the lateral condyle
medial condyle
Distal Femur posterior view
right femur
medial condyle
lateral condyle
Distal Femur posterior view
right femur
Distal Femur posterior view
Posteriorly the condyles are separated by a deep
intercondylar fossa or notch
right femur
Distal Femur posterior view
Posteriorly the condyles are separated by a deep
intercondylar fossa or notch
right femur
Distal Femur – end on view
anterior
posterior
right femur
Distal Femur – end on view
medial condyle
anterior
posterior
right femur
Distal Femur – end on view
medial condyle
lateral condyle
anterior
posterior
right femur
Distal Femur – end on view
medial condyle
lateral condyle
anterior
posterior
The lateral condyle projects further anteriorly than the medial condyle. This
helps to stabilise the patellaright femur
Muscle Attachments
Proximal Femur Anterior View
right femur
Proximal Femur Anterior View Piriformis
right femur
Proximal Femur Anterior View Piriformis
Arises from the anterior aspect of the sacrum and passes through
the greater sciatic foramen before inserting onto the superior
and medial aspects of the greater trochanter
right femurRight Hip Joint Posterior View
Proximal Femur Anterior View Piriformis
Arises from the anterior aspect of the sacrum and passes through
the greater sciatic foramen before inserting onto the superior
and medial aspects of the greater trochanter
Externally rotates and stabilises the hip joint
Right Hip Joint Posterior Viewright femur
Proximal Femur Anterior View Gluteus Minimus
right femur
Proximal Femur Anterior View Gluteus Minimus
Originates from the outer surface of the ilium and inserts onto the anterior surface of the greater
trochanter
right femur
Proximal Femur Anterior View Gluteus Minimus
Originates from the outer surface of the ilium and inserts onto the anterior surface of the greater
trochanter
It abducts and internally rotates the
hip joint
right femur
Proximal Femur Anterior View Vastus Lateralis
right femur
Proximal Femur Anterior View Vastus Lateralis
This muscle has an extensive attachment from the - Upper Intertrochanteric Line- Base of the Greater
Trochanter- Lateral Linea Aspera- Lateral Supracondylar Ridge- Lateral Intermuscular
Septum
One of the four Quadriceps muscles
right femur
Proximal Femur Anterior View Vastus Lateralis
It attaches to the patella via the lateral aspect of the
quadriceps tendon and then onto the tubercle of the tibia
One of the four Quadriceps muscles
right femur
Proximal Femur Anterior View Vastus Lateralis
It attaches to the patella via the lateral aspect of the
quadriceps tendon and then onto the tubercle of the tibia
One of the four Quadriceps muscles
It extends the knee
right femur
Proximal Femur Anterior View Iliacus & Psoas
Both are Flexors of the Hip Joint
right femur
Proximal Femur Anterior View Iliacus
Originates from the inner aspect of the
ilium
right femur
Proximal Femur Anterior View Psoas
Originates from the anterior surfaces and
lower borders of transverse processes of L1 - L5 and lateral aspect
of bodies and discs of T12 - L5
right femur
Proximal Femur Anterior View Vastus Medialis
One of the four Quadriceps muscles
right femur
Proximal Femur Anterior View Vastus Medialis
One of the four Quadriceps muscles
Originates from the
- Lower aspect of the Intertrochanteric Line
- Medial Line Aspera
- Medial Intermuscular Septum
right femur
Proximal Femur Anterior View Vastus Medialis
One of the four Quadriceps muscles
It attaches to the patella via the medial aspect of the
quadriceps tendon and then onto the tubercle of the tibia
It extends the knee
right femur
Proximal Femur Anterior View Vastus Intermedius
One of the four Quadriceps muscles
right femur
Proximal Femur Anterior View Vastus Intermedius
One of the four Quadriceps muscles
Originates from the superior 2/3 of anterior and lateral
surfaces of femur
Inserts with the other quadriceps muscles onto the patella and then onto the tubercle of the tibia
right femur
Proximal Femur superior view
anterior
posterior
right femur
Proximal Femur superior view
anterior
posterior
Obturator Internus
right femur
Proximal Femur superior view
anterior
posterior
Obturator Internus
Originates from Inner surface of obturator membrane and posterior bony margins of
obturator foramen
right femur
Proximal Femur superior view
anterior
posterior
Obturator Internus
Originates from Inner surface of obturator membrane and posterior bony margins of
obturator foramen
Inserts onto medial aspect of Greater Trochanter
right femur
Proximal Femur superior view
anterior
posterior
Piriformis
right femur
Proximal Femur superior view
anterior
posterior
Obturator Externus
right femur
Proximal Femur superior view
anterior
posterior
Obturator Externus
Originates from the Outer surface of obturator membrane and
posterior bony margins of obturator foramen
Inserts onto the Trochanteric Fossa on
the medial aspect of the Greater Trochanter
right femur
Proximal Femur superior view
anterior
posterior
Gluteus Minimus
right femur
Proximal Femur superior view
anterior
posterior
Gluteus Medius
right femur
Proximal Femur Posterior View
right femur
Proximal Femur Posterior View Gluteus Medius
right femur
Proximal Femur Posterior View Gluteus Medius
Originates from the outer surface of ilium between posterior and middle
gluteal lines
right femur
Proximal Femur Posterior View Gluteus Medius
Originates from the outer surface of ilium between posterior and middle
gluteal lines
Inserts onto the lateral and superior surfaces of greater
trochanter of femur
right femur
Proximal Femur Posterior View Gluteus Medius
Originates from the outer surface of ilium between posterior and middle
gluteal lines
Inserts onto the lateral and superior surfaces of greater
trochanter of femur
It abducts and internally rotates the
hip jointright femur
Proximal Femur Posterior View Quadratus Femoris
right femur
Proximal Femur Posterior View Quadratus Femoris
Originates from the lateral border Ischial Tuberosity
Inserts onto the intertrochanteric
crest and adjacent area of proximal posterior femur
right femur
Proximal Femur Posterior View Quadratus Femoris
Originates from the lateral border Ischial Tuberosity
Inserts onto the intertrochanteric
crest and adjacent area of proximal posterior femur
Externally rotates the hip jointright femur
Proximal Femur Posterior View
Vastus Lateralis
right femur
Proximal Femur Posterior View Gluteus Maximus
right femur
Proximal Femur Posterior View Gluteus Maximus
Has an extensive origin from;- posterior aspect of dorsal
ilium - posterior surface of sacrum
and coccyx- sacrotuberous ligament
right femur
Proximal Femur Posterior View Gluteus Maximus
Inserts onto gluteal tuberosity
Has an extensive origin from;- posterior aspect of dorsal
ilium - posterior surface of sacrum
and coccyx- sacrotuberous ligament
right femur
Proximal Femur Posterior View Gluteus Maximus
Inserts onto gluteal tuberosity
Extends and laterally rotates the hip joint
Has an extensive origin from;- posterior aspect of dorsal
ilium - posterior surface of sacrum
and coccyx- sacrotuberous ligament
right femur
Proximal Femur Posterior View Adductor Magnus
This muscle has two functional units - Hamstring portion - Adductor portion
right femur
Proximal Femur Posterior View Adductor Magnus
This muscle has two functional units - Hamstring portion - Adductor portion
The Adductor portion originates from the pubis and ischium
It inserts onto the Linea Aspera and Medial Supracondylar Ridge
right femur
Proximal Femur Posterior View Adductor Brevis
right femur
Proximal Femur Posterior View Adductor Brevis
Originates from the pubis
Inserts onto the upper third of the
linea aspera
Adducts and flexes the hip joint
right femur
Proximal Femur Posterior View Pectineus
right femur
Proximal Femur Posterior View Pectineus
Originates from the pectineal surface of hip bone
Inserts onto Pectineal Linebelow the Lesser Trochanter
Adducts and flexes the hip joint
right femur
Proximal Femur Posterior View
Vastus Medialis
right femur
medial lateral
Posterior Aspect Femoral Shaft
right femur
medial lateral
Vastus Medialis
Posterior Aspect Femoral Shaftright femur
medial lateral
Adductor Longus
right femurPosterior Aspect
Femoral Shaft
Posterior Aspect Femoral Shaft
medial lateral
Adductor Longus
right femurPosterior Aspect
Femoral Shaft
medial lateral
Adductor Longus
Originates from the Pubis
Inserts onto the middle third of the Linea Aspera
right femurPosterior Aspect
Femoral Shaft
medial lateral
Adductor Brevis
right femurPosterior Aspect
Femoral Shaft
medial lateral
Adductor Magnus
right femurPosterior Aspect
Femoral Shaft
medial lateral
Posterior Aspect Femoral Shaft
Short Head of Biceps
Posterior Aspect Femoral Shaft
medial lateral
Short Head of Biceps
Originates from the
- Linea Aspera - Lateral Supracondylar
Ridge
Inserts onto proximal Fibula and Tibia
Posterior Aspect Femoral Shaftright femur
Short Head
medial lateral
Vastus Lateralis
Posterior Aspect Femoral Shaftright femur
Vastus IntermediusOne of the four Quadriceps muscles
right femur
Vastus Intermedius
Originates from the anterior and lateral surfaces of the Femur
One of the four Quadriceps muscles
Inserts with the other Quadriceps muscles onto the patella and then onto the tibia tubercle via the patellar tendon
right femur
Distal FemurPosterior View
medial lateral
right femur
Distal FemurPosterior View
medial lateral
Medial Head of Gastrocnemius
right femur
Distal FemurPosterior View
medial lateral
Medial Head of Gastrocnemius
Originates from the posterior and upper aspects of medial femoral condyle
Unites with the Lateral Head of Gastrocnemius
and helps form the Achilles tendon
right femur
Medial Head
Distal FemurPosterior View
medial lateral
right femur
Lateral Head of Gastrocnemius
Distal FemurPosterior View
medial lateral
Lateral Head of Gastrocnemius
right femur
Lateral Head
Originates from the posterior aspect of
lateral femoral condyle
Unites with the Medial Head of Gastrocnemius
and helps form the Achilles tendon
Distal FemurPosterior View
medial lateral
Plantaris
right femur
Distal FemurPosterior View
medial lateral
Plantaris
Originates from the posterior aspect of the
Lateral Femoral Condyle
Inserts onto the Calcaneum
right femur
Ligament attachments of the Distal Femur
Distal FemurPosterior View
medial lateral
Lateral Collateral Ligament
right femur
Distal FemurPosterior View
medial lateral
Medial Collateral Ligament
right femur
Distal FemurPosterior View
medial lateral
Posterior Cruciate Ligament
right femur
Distal FemurPosterior View
medial lateral
Anterior Cruciate Ligament
right femur