Slideshow: Femur

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The Femur

Transcript of Slideshow: Femur

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The Femur

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The Femur

A long bone

Divided into thirds

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Proximal third – closer to the head or cranial end of the body

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Proximal third – closer to the head or cranial end of the body

Middle third

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Proximal third – closer to the head or cranial end of the body

Middle third

Distal third –Towards the feet or caudal end of the body

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Anterior View

Posterior View

right femur

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Features of Proximal Femur

Anterior View

Posterior View

right femur

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Head of Femur

Anterior View

Posterior View

right femur

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Head of Femur

Anterior View

Posterior View

Articulates with Pelvis at Hip Joint

right femur

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Neck of Femur

Anterior View

Posterior View

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Greater Trochanter

Anterior View

Posterior View

right femur

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Greater Trochanter

Anterior View

Posterior View

Hip Joint Abductors attach Laterally and Anteriorly

right femur

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Greater Trochanter

Anterior View

Posterior View

External Rotators of Hip Joint attach Medially and Posteriorly

right femur

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Proximal Femur superior view

anterior

posterior

Distal Femur

right femur

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Proximal Femur superior view

anterior

posterior

Femoral Head

Distal Femur

right femur

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Proximal Femur superior view

anterior

posterior

Femoral Neck

Femoral Head

Distal Femur

right femur

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Proximal Femur superior view

anterior

posterior

Greater Trochanter

Femoral Neck

Femoral Head

Distal Femur

right femur

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Lesser Trochanter

Anterior View

Posterior View

right femur

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Lesser Trochanter

Anterior View

Posterior View

Hip Flexors attach here

right femur

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Intertrochanteric Line

Anterior View

Posterior View

right femur

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Intertrochanteric Line

Anterior View

Hip Joint capsule attaches here Anteriorly

Posterior View

right femur

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Intertrochanteric Crest

Anterior View

Posterior View

right femur

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Proximal femur medial view

right femur

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The Fovea provides attachment for the Ligamentum Teres

(ligament of the head of the femur)

This attaches to the acetabulum of the pelvis and helps stabilise the hip joint

Proximal femur medial view

right femur

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Shaft of Femur

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Shaft of FemurPosterior view

right femur

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Pectineal Line

Shaft of FemurPosterior view

right femur

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Shaft of FemurPosterior view

Gluteal Tuberosity

right femur

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Shaft of FemurPosterior view

Linea Aspera

right femur

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Medial Supracondylar Line (ridge)

right femur

Shaft of FemurPosterior view

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Lateral Supracondylar Line (ridge)

right femur

Shaft of FemurPosterior view

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Distal Femur

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Distal Femur – anterior view

If the shaft is held perpendicular to the floor, the medial condyle is seen to project further inferiorly compared to the lateral condyle

right femur

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In the upright skeleton, the shaft of the femur lies obliquely and the condyles

appear to be aligned distally

If the shaft is held perpendicular to the floor, the medial condyle is seen to project further inferiorly compared to the lateral condyle

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Distal Femur – anterior view

medial condyle

right femur

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Distal Femur – anterior view

medial condyle

lateral condyleright femur

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Distal Femur – anterior view

mediallateral

right femur

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Distal Femur – anterior view

mediallateral

Lateral Epicondyle

right femur

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Distal Femur – anterior view

mediallateral

Adductor Tubercle

right femur

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Distal Femur – anterior view

mediallateral

Medial Epicondyle

right femur

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Distal Femur posterior view

right femur

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Distal Femur posterior view

right femur

If the shaft is held perpendicular to the floor, the medial condyle is seen to project further inferiorly compared to the lateral condyle

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medial condyle

Distal Femur posterior view

right femur

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medial condyle

lateral condyle

Distal Femur posterior view

right femur

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Distal Femur posterior view

Posteriorly the condyles are separated by a deep

intercondylar fossa or notch

right femur

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Distal Femur posterior view

Posteriorly the condyles are separated by a deep

intercondylar fossa or notch

right femur

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Distal Femur – end on view

anterior

posterior

right femur

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Distal Femur – end on view

medial condyle

anterior

posterior

right femur

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Distal Femur – end on view

medial condyle

lateral condyle

anterior

posterior

right femur

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Distal Femur – end on view

medial condyle

lateral condyle

anterior

posterior

The lateral condyle projects further anteriorly than the medial condyle. This

helps to stabilise the patellaright femur

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Muscle Attachments

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Proximal Femur Anterior View

right femur

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Proximal Femur Anterior View Piriformis

right femur

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Proximal Femur Anterior View Piriformis

Arises from the anterior aspect of the sacrum and passes through

the greater sciatic foramen before inserting onto the superior

and medial aspects of the greater trochanter

right femurRight Hip Joint Posterior View

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Proximal Femur Anterior View Piriformis

Arises from the anterior aspect of the sacrum and passes through

the greater sciatic foramen before inserting onto the superior

and medial aspects of the greater trochanter

Externally rotates and stabilises the hip joint

Right Hip Joint Posterior Viewright femur

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Proximal Femur Anterior View Gluteus Minimus

right femur

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Proximal Femur Anterior View Gluteus Minimus

Originates from the outer surface of the ilium and inserts onto the anterior surface of the greater

trochanter

right femur

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Proximal Femur Anterior View Gluteus Minimus

Originates from the outer surface of the ilium and inserts onto the anterior surface of the greater

trochanter

It abducts and internally rotates the

hip joint

right femur

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Proximal Femur Anterior View Vastus Lateralis

right femur

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Proximal Femur Anterior View Vastus Lateralis

This muscle has an extensive attachment from the - Upper Intertrochanteric Line- Base of the Greater

Trochanter- Lateral Linea Aspera- Lateral Supracondylar Ridge- Lateral Intermuscular

Septum

One of the four Quadriceps muscles

right femur

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Proximal Femur Anterior View Vastus Lateralis

It attaches to the patella via the lateral aspect of the

quadriceps tendon and then onto the tubercle of the tibia

One of the four Quadriceps muscles

right femur

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Proximal Femur Anterior View Vastus Lateralis

It attaches to the patella via the lateral aspect of the

quadriceps tendon and then onto the tubercle of the tibia

One of the four Quadriceps muscles

It extends the knee

right femur

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Proximal Femur Anterior View Iliacus & Psoas

Both are Flexors of the Hip Joint

right femur

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Proximal Femur Anterior View Iliacus

Originates from the inner aspect of the

ilium

right femur

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Proximal Femur Anterior View Psoas

Originates from the anterior surfaces and

lower borders of transverse processes of L1 - L5 and lateral aspect

of bodies and discs of T12 - L5

right femur

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Proximal Femur Anterior View Vastus Medialis

One of the four Quadriceps muscles

right femur

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Proximal Femur Anterior View Vastus Medialis

One of the four Quadriceps muscles

Originates from the

- Lower aspect of the Intertrochanteric Line

- Medial Line Aspera

- Medial Intermuscular Septum

right femur

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Proximal Femur Anterior View Vastus Medialis

One of the four Quadriceps muscles

It attaches to the patella via the medial aspect of the

quadriceps tendon and then onto the tubercle of the tibia

It extends the knee

right femur

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Proximal Femur Anterior View Vastus Intermedius

One of the four Quadriceps muscles

right femur

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Proximal Femur Anterior View Vastus Intermedius

One of the four Quadriceps muscles

Originates from the superior 2/3 of anterior and lateral

surfaces of femur

Inserts with the other quadriceps muscles onto the patella and then onto the tubercle of the tibia

right femur

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Proximal Femur superior view

anterior

posterior

right femur

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Proximal Femur superior view

anterior

posterior

Obturator Internus

right femur

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Proximal Femur superior view

anterior

posterior

Obturator Internus

Originates from Inner surface of obturator membrane and posterior bony margins of

obturator foramen

right femur

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Proximal Femur superior view

anterior

posterior

Obturator Internus

Originates from Inner surface of obturator membrane and posterior bony margins of

obturator foramen

Inserts onto medial aspect of Greater Trochanter

right femur

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Proximal Femur superior view

anterior

posterior

Piriformis

right femur

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Proximal Femur superior view

anterior

posterior

Obturator Externus

right femur

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Proximal Femur superior view

anterior

posterior

Obturator Externus

Originates from the Outer surface of obturator membrane and

posterior bony margins of obturator foramen

Inserts onto the Trochanteric Fossa on

the medial aspect of the Greater Trochanter

right femur

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Proximal Femur superior view

anterior

posterior

Gluteus Minimus

right femur

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Proximal Femur superior view

anterior

posterior

Gluteus Medius

right femur

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Proximal Femur Posterior View

right femur

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Proximal Femur Posterior View Gluteus Medius

right femur

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Proximal Femur Posterior View Gluteus Medius

Originates from the outer surface of ilium between posterior and middle

gluteal lines

right femur

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Proximal Femur Posterior View Gluteus Medius

Originates from the outer surface of ilium between posterior and middle

gluteal lines

Inserts onto the lateral and superior surfaces of greater

trochanter of femur

right femur

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Proximal Femur Posterior View Gluteus Medius

Originates from the outer surface of ilium between posterior and middle

gluteal lines

Inserts onto the lateral and superior surfaces of greater

trochanter of femur

It abducts and internally rotates the

hip jointright femur

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Proximal Femur Posterior View Quadratus Femoris

right femur

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Proximal Femur Posterior View Quadratus Femoris

Originates from the lateral border Ischial Tuberosity

Inserts onto the intertrochanteric

crest and adjacent area of proximal posterior femur

right femur

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Proximal Femur Posterior View Quadratus Femoris

Originates from the lateral border Ischial Tuberosity

Inserts onto the intertrochanteric

crest and adjacent area of proximal posterior femur

Externally rotates the hip jointright femur

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Proximal Femur Posterior View

Vastus Lateralis

right femur

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Proximal Femur Posterior View Gluteus Maximus

right femur

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Proximal Femur Posterior View Gluteus Maximus

Has an extensive origin from;- posterior aspect of dorsal

ilium - posterior surface of sacrum

and coccyx- sacrotuberous ligament

right femur

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Proximal Femur Posterior View Gluteus Maximus

Inserts onto gluteal tuberosity

Has an extensive origin from;- posterior aspect of dorsal

ilium - posterior surface of sacrum

and coccyx- sacrotuberous ligament

right femur

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Proximal Femur Posterior View Gluteus Maximus

Inserts onto gluteal tuberosity

Extends and laterally rotates the hip joint

Has an extensive origin from;- posterior aspect of dorsal

ilium - posterior surface of sacrum

and coccyx- sacrotuberous ligament

right femur

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Proximal Femur Posterior View Adductor Magnus

This muscle has two functional units - Hamstring portion - Adductor portion

right femur

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Proximal Femur Posterior View Adductor Magnus

This muscle has two functional units - Hamstring portion - Adductor portion

The Adductor portion originates from the pubis and ischium

It inserts onto the Linea Aspera and Medial Supracondylar Ridge

right femur

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Proximal Femur Posterior View Adductor Brevis

right femur

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Proximal Femur Posterior View Adductor Brevis

Originates from the pubis

Inserts onto the upper third of the

linea aspera

Adducts and flexes the hip joint

right femur

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Proximal Femur Posterior View Pectineus

right femur

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Proximal Femur Posterior View Pectineus

Originates from the pectineal surface of hip bone

Inserts onto Pectineal Linebelow the Lesser Trochanter

Adducts and flexes the hip joint

right femur

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Proximal Femur Posterior View

Vastus Medialis

right femur

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medial lateral

Posterior Aspect Femoral Shaft

right femur

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medial lateral

Vastus Medialis

Posterior Aspect Femoral Shaftright femur

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medial lateral

Adductor Longus

right femurPosterior Aspect

Femoral Shaft

Posterior Aspect Femoral Shaft

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medial lateral

Adductor Longus

right femurPosterior Aspect

Femoral Shaft

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medial lateral

Adductor Longus

Originates from the Pubis

Inserts onto the middle third of the Linea Aspera

right femurPosterior Aspect

Femoral Shaft

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medial lateral

Adductor Brevis

right femurPosterior Aspect

Femoral Shaft

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medial lateral

Adductor Magnus

right femurPosterior Aspect

Femoral Shaft

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medial lateral

Posterior Aspect Femoral Shaft

Short Head of Biceps

Posterior Aspect Femoral Shaft

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medial lateral

Short Head of Biceps

Originates from the

- Linea Aspera - Lateral Supracondylar

Ridge

Inserts onto proximal Fibula and Tibia

Posterior Aspect Femoral Shaftright femur

Short Head

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medial lateral

Vastus Lateralis

Posterior Aspect Femoral Shaftright femur

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Vastus IntermediusOne of the four Quadriceps muscles

right femur

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Vastus Intermedius

Originates from the anterior and lateral surfaces of the Femur

One of the four Quadriceps muscles

Inserts with the other Quadriceps muscles onto the patella and then onto the tibia tubercle via the patellar tendon

right femur

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Distal FemurPosterior View

medial lateral

right femur

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Distal FemurPosterior View

medial lateral

Medial Head of Gastrocnemius

right femur

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Distal FemurPosterior View

medial lateral

Medial Head of Gastrocnemius

Originates from the posterior and upper aspects of medial femoral condyle

Unites with the Lateral Head of Gastrocnemius

and helps form the Achilles tendon

right femur

Medial Head

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Distal FemurPosterior View

medial lateral

right femur

Lateral Head of Gastrocnemius

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Distal FemurPosterior View

medial lateral

Lateral Head of Gastrocnemius

right femur

Lateral Head

Originates from the posterior aspect of

lateral femoral condyle

Unites with the Medial Head of Gastrocnemius

and helps form the Achilles tendon

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Distal FemurPosterior View

medial lateral

Plantaris

right femur

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Distal FemurPosterior View

medial lateral

Plantaris

Originates from the posterior aspect of the

Lateral Femoral Condyle

Inserts onto the Calcaneum

right femur

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Ligament attachments of the Distal Femur

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Distal FemurPosterior View

medial lateral

Lateral Collateral Ligament

right femur

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Distal FemurPosterior View

medial lateral

Medial Collateral Ligament

right femur

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Distal FemurPosterior View

medial lateral

Posterior Cruciate Ligament

right femur

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Distal FemurPosterior View

medial lateral

Anterior Cruciate Ligament

right femur