Reavivamiento y Reforma - Mark Finley

7/22/2019 Reavivamiento y Reforma - Mark Finley

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YAEPDPECDAB]N T YA@NYCE

Fnbtabdmn

Dbtrnmuffdöb........................................................................... 9

5. Yaevdvecdabtn< buastre ceynr bafasdmem........................... 1

9. Ke nrefdöb< ak fnrezöb mak raevdvecdabtn............................ 59

6. Ke Zekeire< ak `ubmecabtn mak raevdvecdabtn..................... 54

=. ]astdcnbdn y sarvdfdn< `rutns mak raevdvecdabtn................. 90

1. Niamdabfde< ak `rutn mak raevdvecdabtn.............................. 66

0. Fnb`asdöb y errapabtdcdabtn<

Fnbmdfdnbas pere ak raevdvecdabtn........................................ =:

8. Qbdmem< vãbfukn mak raevdvecdabtn......................................=8

7. Mdsfarbdcdabtn< sekvehuermde mak raevdvecdabtn.................1=

4. Ya`nrce< fnbsafuabfde mak raevdvecdabtn......................... 05

5:. Ya`nrce< mdspnsdfdöb e frafar y fecider...........................07

55. Ya`nrce< tabar buavns pabsecdabtns............................. 81

59. Ya`nrce< seber rakefdnbas rntes...................................... 79

56. Ak raevdvecdabtn prncatdmn< cdsdöb mdvdbe fucpkdme...... 74



DB]YNMQFFDÖB< YAEPDPECDAB]N T YA@NYCE

Ab feme habarefdöb, ak Aspãrdtu ma Mdns prnfure prnmufdr ub raevdvecdabtn ab kns fnreznbas ma ke habta. Ak raevdvecdabtn as

ube axpardabfde fnbtdbue y mderde. Feme ubn ma bnsntrns maiarãe dmabtd`dfersa fnb ak ebtdhun gdcbn qua mdfa< ‛Zrnpabsn e ve-her, Vaõnr, kn sdabtn? prnpabsn e maler ek Mdns qua ecn–.

Cuy emabtrn, seiacns qua astes pekeires snb fdartes. Ab raekdmem, buastrns fnreznbas aståb prnpabsns e veher. Buastrescabtas peseb ma kn atarbn e kn cubmebn. Buastrns pabsecdabtns sa vuakvab cuy `åfdkcabta ma kn fakastdek e kn tarrabek. Ma-cesdemn e cabumn perafacns sar asfkevns ma gåidtns prnùbmecabta erredhemns. E vafas, buastre prnpde eftdtum y raeffdn-bas bns maleb parpkalns. T asn as pnrqua, fncn rasuktemn mak pafemn, buastres beturekazes snb feãmes (Lar. 58<4). Buastre tab-mabfde beturek as e eperterbns ma kns fecdbns ma Mdns gefde kns buastrns (Dse. 16<0). Fnb ak epöstnk Zeikn, fkececns< ‛¡Cdsa-reika ma cã!– (Ync. 8<9=), y fnb Mevdm rnhecns< ‛Pdvd`ãfeca fnb`nrca e tu cdsardfnrmde– (Vek. 554<514). Ak raevdvecdabtn tdaba qua var fnb ub Mdns ma cdsardfnrmde qua prnfure prnùbmdzer su rakefdöb fnb bnsntrns. Äk tnce ke dbdfde-tdve ab ak raevdvecdabtn. Vu Aspãrdtu frae ub ebgakn mabtrn ma bnsntrns. Vu Aspãrdtu bns fnbvabfa ma buastre bafasdmem. VuAspãrdtu ravake ke inbmem y ke hrefde ma Lasüs.

E treväs ma tnme ke gdstnrde, ak Aspãrdtu ma Mdns ge eftuemn pnmarnsecabta ab ak raevdvecdabtn. Fuebmn Dsreak sa ekaleie makpkeb y kns prnpösdtns ma Mdns, ak Vaõnr usö ek lnvab ray Lnsães pere fnbmufdr e ke Befdöb ma rahrasn e äk, y abtnbfas sdhudöub pnmarnsn raevdvecdabtn. Ab ke mamdfefdöb mak ]acpkn, Mdns ka mdln e Ve kncöb< ‛Vd sa gucdkkera cd puaikn, snira ak fuek cd

bncira as dbvnfemn, y nrerab, y iusferab cd rnstrn, y sa fnbvdrtdarab ma sus cekns fecdbns? abtnbfas yn ndrä masma kns fdakns,y parmnberä sus pafemns, y seberä su tdarre– (9 Fröb. 8<5=). Ak ebgakn mak fnrezöb ma Mdns are qua Dsreak setds`dfdare kes fnbmd-fdnbas mak raevdvecdabtn, axpardcabtere ak pnmar mak raevdvecdabtn y ravakere ke kuz ma su ecnr ek cubmn abtarn.Fuebmn ak puaikn ma Mdns raspnbmãe e sus kkecemns, äk nireie pnmarnsecabta ab su èvnr. Astn ùa fdartn pere ke dhkasde frds-tdebe mak Buavn ]astecabtn, ke Ya-`nrce y ak Cnvdcdabtn Emvabtdste. ]ecidäb sarå fdartn pere ak puaikn ma Mdnsmak tdacpn mak `db. Vu Aspãrdtu Vebtn sarå marrecemn ab su pkabdtum y ke ]darresarå ‛ekucireme fnb su hknrde– (Epnf. 57<5).

Kes kaffdnbas ma asta trdcastra sa fabtreb ab mdvarsns espaftns mak raevdvecdabtn y ke ra`nrce. Lubtns, snbmaeracns prahub-tes fncn< ¾Fuåkas snb kes fnbmdfdnbas qua Mdns ge saõekemn pere ak marrececdabtn ma su Aspãrdtu> ¾Astå Mdns asparebmn ekhübcncabtn cåhdfn pere marrecer su Aspãrdtu ab su dhkasde mak tdacpn mak `db> ¾Uuä sdhbd`dfe vdvdr ube vdme kkabe mak Aspãrdtu>¾Gey ekhn qua pnmacns gefar pere fnnparer fnb Mdns e `db ma rafdidr ak marrececdabtn mak Aspãrdtu Vebtn egnre> ¾Möbma fn-cdabzeb ak raevdvecdabtn y ke ra`nrce>

Akabe ma Xgdta masfrdidö ke dcpnrtebfde mak raevdvecdabtn fnb astes pekeires<‛Ke ceynr y cås urhabta ma tnmes buastres bafasdmemas as ke ma ub raevdvecdabtn ma ke varmemare pdamem ab buastrn camdn–

(CV 5<5=5). Ak Fdakn me ke prdnrdmem ek raevdvecdabtn. ¾Uuä pnmrãe sar cås dcpnrtebta> Asta trdcastra, ek astumder tacesfncn ke nrefdöb y ak raevdvecdabtn, ke Zekeire y ak raevdvecdabtn, ke tastd`dfefdöb y ak raevdvecdabtn, ube nire tarcdbeme y akraevdvecdabtn, y ntrns taces rakefdnbemns, nracns pere qua Mdns geika pnmarnsecabta e buastrns fnreznbas y bns kkava cåsfarfe ma äk.

¾Znr quä bn eirdr buastrn fnrezöb ek dcpuksn ma su Aspãrdtu egnre cdscn> ¾Znr quä bn pamdrka qua gehe ekhn cuy aspafdek abtu vdme gny> Äk raspnbmarå buastres nrefdnbas, y kes iabmdfdnbas fakastdekas `kudråb ma cebares qua bubfe dcehdbesta.Zrnvabdabta ma Fnbbaftdfut, Astemns Qbdmns, Cero @dbkay, ub avebhakdste fnbnfdmn dbtarbefdnbekcabta, ùa ubn ma kns vdfa-prasdmabtas ma ke Esnfdefdöb Habarek masma 9::1 geste 9:5:. Masma su ratdrn mak sarvdfdn ma tdacpn fncpkatn, eftüefncn ubn ma kns esdstabtas mak prasdmabta ma ke Esnfdefdöb Habarek pere treieler tdacpn perfdek fnb ke dbdfdetdve mak raevdve-cdabtn y ke ra`nrce. Ak pestnr @dbkay y su aspnse, Arbastdbe, tdabab tras gdlns y mns bdatns.



FEZÃ]QKN 5

Ak raevdvecdabtn<buastre hreb bafasdmem

uä as ub raevdvecdabtn aspdrdtuek habudbn> Aste as ube cebare ma masfrdidrkn< raevdvecdabtn as kn qua sufamafuebmn astecns sdbtnbdzemns aspdrdtuekcabta fnb Mdns, fuebmn asfufgecns sus cebmetns y bnsfncprncatacns e niamafarkns. Yaevdvecdabtn as ub buavn masparter ma kes èfuktemas aspdrdtuekas mak ekce.

Vufama fuebmn parcdtdcns qua ak Aspãrdtu Vebtn akdcdba tnmn ak masnrmab y kes mdstreffdnbas pere qua pnmecns raekcabtaasfufger ke vnz ma Mdns.

Akabe ma Xgdta kn masfrdia esã<]nmns kns qua aståb ab ke asfuake ma Mdns bafasdteb ma ube gnre trebqudke pere ke camdtefdöb e snkes fnbsdhn cdscn,

fnb ke beturekaze y fnb Mdns. Ab akkns tdaba qua cebdàstersa ube vdme qua ab beme ercnbdfa fnb ak cubmn, susfnstuciras n pråftdfes? bafasdteb tabar ube axpardabfde parsnbek ab ke emqudsdfdöb ma ub fnbnfdcdabtn ma ke vnkubtem maMdns. Feme ubn ma bnsntrns maia nãr ke vnz ma Mdns geiker e su fnrezöb. Fuebmn tnme ntre vnz fekke, y trebqudkns asparecnsab su prasabfde, ak sdkabfdn mak ekce gefa cås parfaptdika ke vnz ma Mdns. Äk bns pdma< ‗Astem qudatns y fnbnfam qua yn snyMdns— (Vekcn =0<5:). Aste as ke praperefdöb a`dfez pere tnme keinr pere Mdns. Ab camdn ma ke prasurnse cufgamucira y make tabsdöb ma kes dbtabses eftdvdmemas ma ke vdme, ak qua esã sa ra`rdhare sarå rnmaemn ma ube etcösàre ma kuz y pez. Yafdidråbuavn feumek ma ùarze `ãsdfe y cabtek. Vu vdme axgekerå ube `rehebfde y ravakerå ub pnmar mdvdbn qua ekfebzerå knsfnreznbas ma kns gnciras– (Ak cdbdstardn ma furefdöb, p. 68).

Yaevdvecdabtn sdhbd`dfe qua asfufgecns fnb gucdkmem ke vnz mak Vekvemnr pere qua pnmecns fnbnfarkn ab `nrce

ãbtdce y sahudrkn pnr mnbma bns fnbmuzfe.

Ke ceynr bafasdmem ma KenmdfaeKenmdfae as ke üktdce ma kes sdata dhkasdes mak Epnfekdpsds. Ak bncira sdhbd`dfe ‛ub puaikn luzhemn–. Kenmdfae as ub

sãcinkn eprnpdemn mak puaikn ma Mdns ma kns üktdcns mães. Asteie sdtueme ab ub vekka eidartn ab ak sumnasta ma kn quaegnre as ]urquãe, lubtn e ube ma kes hrebmas rutes fncarfdekas gefde ak asta. Aste fdumem are ubn ma kns hrebmas fabtrnsfncarfdekas y astretähdfns mak Esde Cabnr. Are ub npukabtn fabtrn ma iebfns, cnmes, amufefdöb y camdfdbe. Vusgeidtebtas areb dbmapabmdabtas, kkabns ma fnb`debze prnpde, rdfns y sucecabta nrhukknsns ma su dbmapabmabfde `dbebfdare.Fuebmn ab ak eõn 05 m. F. ub tarracntn mastruyö su fdumem, ragusernb ke eyume `dbebfdare ma Ynce, pra`drdabmn raamd`dferke fdumem snkns.

Ke dbmustrde ma kes cnmes ma ke fdumem are fnbnfdme pnr tnme ke rahdöb pnr kes iakkes vastdmures ma kebe bahre qua

prnmufãeb, qua areb ke abvdmde ma kes cularas ab tnmn ak Farfebn Nrdabta. Vu asfuake ma camdfdbe maserrnkkö ub ècnsnfnkdrdn pere ke vdste, qua are ub racamdn pnpuker pere kes abàrcamemas kns nlns.

Ak rafursn beturek vdtek qua ke fdumem bn tabãe are ehue. Ak ehue pere kns kenmdfabsas are kkaveme pnr camdn ma ubefuamuftn rncebn masma kns cebebtdekas tarcekas ab Gdaråpnkds, e ubns 5: oc ma mdstebfde. Fuebmn ak ehue kkaheie eKenmdfae, asteie tdide.

Lasüs usö Kenmdfae fncn ub sãcinkn pere su dhkasde ma kns üktdcns mães. Vu ebåkdsds maia merbns cntdvn ma ra`kaxdöb. Vamasfrdia e Kenmdfae -ke dhkasde ma Lasüs ab ak tdacpn mak `db- fncn fnb`deme ma sã cdsce, fncpkefdabta, epåtdfe yaspdrdtuekcabta dbmdàrabta. As ube dhkasde qua parmdö su pesdöb pnr kns parmdmns? ube dhkasde fuyns cdacirns bafasdteiebub raevdvecdabtn aspdrdtuek.

Bn nistebta, ak cabsela ma Frdstn e Kenmdfae astå kkabn ma asparebze. Ka geike e su puaikn fnb tnbns ma tdarbn ecnr,n`rafdabmn setdsèfar kes bafasdmemas ma sus fnreznbas, y rabnver sus ebgakns aspdrdtuekas cås prnùbmns.

Asparebze pere kns kenmdfabsas tdidnsKns tãtukns qua utdkdzö Lasüs ab su cabsela e ke dhkasde ma Kenmdfae fncubdfeb fkerecabta su mdspnsdfdöb y fepefdmem

pere rabnver ke vdme aspdrdtuek ma kns frayabtas tdidns. Fnbsdmaracns astns tãtukns.‛T asfrdia ek åbhak ma ke dhkasde ab Kenmdfae< Ga equã ak Ecäb, ak tastdhn `dak y varmemarn, ak prdbfdpdn ma ke fraefdöb ma

¾U



Mdns– (Epnfekdpsds 6<5=). Ab asta varsãfukn Lasüs rafkece tras tãtukns. Zrdcarn, mdfa qua äk as ak ‛Ecäb–. Ke habta use astepekeire pere axpraser su efuarmn fnb kn qua ekhudab ge mdfgn y esã ‛asteikafab– ke mafkerefdöb? tastd`dfeb ma su varefdmem.Ak epöstnk Zeikn use ke cdsce dmae ab su apãstnke e kns Fnrdbtdns. ‛Znrqua tnmes kes prncases ma Mdns snb ab äk Vã, y ab äkEcäb, pnr camdn ma bnsntrns, pere ke hknrde ma Mdns– (9 Fnrdbtdns 5<9:). Lasüs fnb`drce ke varefdmem, ke fnb`deidkdmem ma kesprncases ma parmöb, ma pnmar mdvdbn, ma sekvefdöb y ma ke mntefdöb mak Aspãrdtu Vebtn qua n`rafa ak avebhakdn. Äk as akEcäb.

Vahubmn, Lasüs as ak ‛]astdhn `dak y varmemarn– ma föcn as ak Zemra. E`drce qua su Z emra as ecnr y hrefde. Ya`kale akpabsecdabtn y ak feråftar mak Zemra e ke gucebdmem feãme. Ak ceynr masan mak Zemra y mak Gdln as qua kns kenmdfabsassekheb ma su epetãe aspdrdtuek y kkahuab e sar sus ecdhns. Znr astn Lasüs kas mdln e sus mdsfãpukns< ‛Te bn ns kkecerä sdarvns,

pnrqua ak sdarvn bn seia kn qua gefa su saõnr? parn ns ga kkecemn ecdhns, pnrqua tnmes kes fnses qua nã ma cd Zemra, nskes ga memn e fnbnfar– (Lueb 51<51). Aste as ube iuabe bntdfde pere Kenmdfae. Eubqua kns kenmdfabsas sncns epåtdf ns adbmdàrabtas aspdrdtuekcabta, Lasüs bn bns qudara masafger. Ab fecidn, qudara etrearbns fnb su ecnr, heberbns pnr camdnma su hrefde, y kkaher e sar buastrn ecdhn cås ãbtdcn. Fncn ak ‛]astdhn `dak y varmemarn–, ravake ak feråftar ecebta maMdns.

]arfarn, Lasüs tecidäb as ak ‛Zrdbfdpdn ma ke fraefdöb ma Mdns–. Ab ak kabhuela hrdahn qua usö Lueb, ke pekeire tremufdmefncn ‛prdbfdpdn– as erlä. Va ra`dara ye sae e ub pubtn ab ak tdacpn fuebmn ekhn fncabzö, n e ke parsnbe qua dbdfdö ekhn nekhube effdöb. Ab asta fnbtaxtn, ‛prdbfdpdn– sa ra`dara e Lasüs fncn ak qua dbdfdö y raekdzö tnme ke fraefdöb. Äk as aktnmnpnmarnsn Fraemnr (Lueb 5<5-6? Aàsdns 6<7, 4). Astn as sucecabta dcpnrtebta. Lasüs, ak qua treln e ke axdstabfde e knscubmns y e kns saras vdvdabtas fnb snkn geiker, egnre geike ma asparebze e Kenmdfae. Ak tnmnpnmarnsn Fraemnr puama fraervdme buave. Zuama fraer ebgakns aspdrdtuekas buavns ab buastrns fnreznbas y trebs`nrcer buastres vdmes. Zeikn asfrdidö maäk< Vd ekhubn astå ab Frdstn, buave frdeture as? kes fnses vdales pesernb? ga equã tnmes snb gafges buaves– (9 Fnrdbtdns 1<58).

Qbe raprabsdöb ecebtaKuahn, Lasüs kas mdfa e kns kenmdfabsas< ‛Tn fnbnzfn tus nires, qua bd aras `rãn, bd fekdabta. ¡Nlekå ùasas `rãn n fekdabta!

Zarn pnr fuebtn aras tdidn, y bn `rãn bd fekdabta, ta vncdterä ma cd infe– (Epnfekdpsds 6<5=, 51). Ak cabsela e ke dhkasde ab Kenmdfae bn as ub cabsela `åfdk ma abtraher, aspafdekcabta sd kn kkaves parsnbekcabta. As

cufgn cås `åfdk mafdr qua ntrns aståb ab fnbmdfdöb kenmdfabsa, qua pabser qua tecidäb bnsntrns astecns dhuek. Ekra`kaxdnber snira ak pesela sdhudabta, pãmaka ek Aspãrdtu Vebtn qua ta eyuma e epkdfårtakn parsnbekcabta.

Akabe ma Xgdta fncabtö< ‛Ak cabsela e ke dhkasde ma Kenmdfae sa epkdfe cås mafdmdmecabta e equakkns fuye axpardabfderakdhdnse as dbsãpdme, qua bn meb ub mafdmdmn tastdcnbdn e èvnr ma ke varmem– (Fncabterdn iãikdfn emvabtdste, tncn 8, p.486). Qbe axpardabfde rakdhdnse dbsãpdme bn tdaba vdme. ]daba ke `nrce axtarbe mak frdstdebdscn, parn ka èkte ke sustebfde, ak

pnmar vdvdabta. Kns kenmdfabsas bn areb garalas bd èbåtdfns `nhnsns. Areb iuabe habta cnrek parn dbmdàrabtas e kes fnsesaspdrdtuekas. Zeikn mdln qua areb parsnbes qua tabãeb ‛eperdabfde ma pdamem– parn baheieb su pnmar (9 ] dcntan 6<1). Lasüsgeikö ma ube fnbmdfdöb sdcdker abtra ak puaikn rakdhdnsn ma su tdacpn, mdln< ‛ma keidns ca gnbre? ces su fnrezöb astå kalnsma cã– (Cetan 51<7). ]dabab ube fåsfere ma rakdhdöb, parn geb parmdmn ak cankkn ma ̀ a.

Zarn buastrn Mdns ece macesdemn e su puaikn fncn pere eiebmnberkn `åfdkcabta. Gerå kn bafaserdn pere vnkvar eabfabmar ke kkece aspdrdtuek ab sus fnreznbas. Vu raprabsdöb as ùarta snkn pnrqua su ecnr as eüb cås ùarta. Festdhe snknpnrqua ebgake seberbns. ‛Znrqua ak Vaõnr ek qua ece, mdsfdpkdbe, y eznte e tnmn ak qua rafdia pnr gdln– (Gairans 59<0). Akprnàte Nsaes ra`kale asta sabtdcdabtn ab su kkecemn ek errapabtdcdabtn< ‛Pabdm y vnkvecns e Lagnvå? pnrqua äk erraietö,y bns furerå? gdrdö, y bns vabmerå– (Nsaes 0<5).

¾Ges tabdmn cncabtns ma pruaies qua ta efarfernb e Mdns> ¾]a ge gucdkkemn Mdns fnb ube axpardabfde aciereznsequa ta eyumö e rafnbnfar tu bafasdmem ma mapabmar cås ma äk> Mdns e cabumn parcdta qua pesacns pnr asesaxpardabfdes gucdkkebtas pere eyumerbns e var ke mdàrabfde abtra kn qua sncns y kn qua äk qudara qua saecns. Vus

raprabsdnbas ab `nrce ma pruaies y md`dfuktemas ma ke vdme snb ravakefdnbas ma buastre bafasdmem ma äk. Fuebmn kesfncnmdmemas ma ube vdme `åfdk egnheb ke vnz ma buastrn Vekvemnr, dcpdmdäbmnbns hnzer ma ub fncpeõardscn ãbtdcn fnbäk, ak Aspãrdtu Vebtn ebgake parturier buastre fncnmdmem pere qua sdbtecns buastre bafasdmem ma Mdns y bns vnkvecns eäk.

Zarfapfdöb y raekdmemGey ube irafge abtra ke axpardabfde aspdrdtuek qua Kenmdfae fraa qua tdaba y su axpardabfde raek. ¾Bntesta kes pekeires

axeftes qua prnbubfdö buastrn Vaõnr fnbtre Kenmdfae ab Epnfekdpsds 6<58> ‛Znrqua tü mdfas< Tn sny rdfn, y ca gaabrdquafdmn, y ma bdbhube fnse tabhn bafasdmem? y bn seias qua tü aras ub masvabturemn, cdsareika, pnira, fdahn ymasbumn–. Ak prnikace ma Kenmdfae bn as carecabta qua bn seia. As qua bn seia qua bn seia. Ke avekuefdöb qua gefa

Kenmdfae ma su prnpde fnbmdfdöb md`dara mrecåtdfecabta ma ke avekuefdöb ma Mdns. Qbe ma kes astretahdes cås aàftdves maVetebås ab su etequa fnbtre bnsntrns as abfahuafarbns efarfe ma buastre fnbmdfdöb aspdrdtuek.Zarn gey asparebze pere Kenmdfae, y gey asparebze pere tnmns kns qua aståb e`kdhdmns fnb epetãe aspdrdtuek a

dbmdàrabfde. Buastrn Vaõnr tdaba ak racamdn mdvdbn pere ke fncpkefabfde ma Kenmdfae. Bns n`rafa nrn pere buastrepniraze, rnpes ikebfes pere fuirdr buastre masbumaz, y fnkdrdn pere buastre fahuare. Bns me ak fnbsaln< ‛_...S ma cãfncpras nrn ra`dbemn ab ùahn, pere qua saes rdfn, y vastdmures ikebfes pere vastdrta, y qua bn sa masfuire ke varhûabze



ma tu masbumaz? y ubha tus nlns fnb fnkdrdn, pere qua vaes– (Epnfekdpsds 6<57). Bns dbvdte e ube axpardabfde habudbe fnb äk,ube axpardabfde ma fnb`debze feme vaz cås prnùbme. Qbe à supar`dfdek bn sdrva. Qbe rakdhdöb `dbhdme y ube aspdrdtuekdmemertd`dfdek bn snb su`dfdabtas pere kns mase`ãns ma buastrns tdacpns. Ke à bn sa maserrnkke ab ube frdsds? sa ravake ab kes frdsds.]abacns qua maserrnkkerke ebtas qua ke frdsds sa bns vabhe abfdce.

Ab Epnfekdpsds 6<57, Frdstn bns mdfa qua fncpracns ma äk vastdmures ikebfes pere vastdrbns, y bn sa masfuire kevarhûabze ma buastre masbumaz. Kes ‛vastdmures ikebfes– raprasabteb kes ‛effdnbas lustes ma kns sebtns– (Epnfekdpsds54<7). Akabe ma Xgdta bnte< ‛Kes vastdmures ikebfes snb ke lustdfde ma Frdstn qua maia sar keireme ab ak feråftar. Ke purazema fnrezöb y ma cntdvns fereftardzerå e tnmn equak qua astä kevebmn sus rnpes y kes astä acikebquafdabmn ab ke sebhramak Fnrmarn– (Yavdaw ebm Garekm, 9= ma lukdn ma 5777? Fncabterdn iãikdfn emvabtdste, tncn 8, p. 480).

Vncns parmnbemns ab Frdstn. Ab Frdstn sncns kdcpdemns. Ab Frdstn, sncns frdetures buaves. Fuebmn kn efaptecns,astecns ab ak fabtrn ma su hrefde, y abtnbfas, pnr à, su lustdfde kkahe e sar ke buastre. Ab fnbsafuabfde, fuebmn ak Zemrabns cdre, va ke lustdfde paràfte ma su Gdln. Fncn kn mdfa cuy idab ak vdaln gdcbn< ‛Ynfe ma ke atarbdmem, / ùdsta eidartepere cã? / sä cd asfnbmamarn `dak... /snkn ab td, tabdabmn à, /sekvefdöb pnmrä hnzer–. Ke lustdfde ma Frdstn, qua äk n`rafahretudtecabta e su dhkasde ma kns üktdcns mães, bns kdire ma ke fukpe y mak pnmar mak pafemn.

Znr üktdcn, Lasüs n`rafa ubhdr e su puaikn fnb fnkdrdn pere qua puameb var. Ab kns tdacpns mak Ebtdhun ]astecabtn, aksebtuerdn, sus cuaikas y kns sefarmntas areb saperemns, mamdfemns e sarvdr e Mdns, ab ube faracnbde ab ke fuek arebubhdmns. Lasüs ùa saperemn ab su ieutdscn, fuebmn ak Aspãrdtu Vebtn kn ubhdö. Kenmdfae bafasdte ak mdsfarbdcdabtn mdvdbnpere qua puame var qua ge sdmn sapereme n tntekcabta fnbsehreme e su Ceastrn, fnb ak prnpösdtn ma trear hknrde e subncira. Fuebmn ak Aspãrdtu Vebtn ubha buastrns nlns, pnmacns var kns maàftns ab buastrns fereftaras qua bubfe ebtasgeiãecns vdstn. Znmacns varbns ieln ube buave kuz. Fnb Lni axfkeceracns< ‛Znr tebtn ca einrrazfn, y ca errapdabtn abpnkvn y fabdze– (Lni =9<0). Fnb Dseães fkececns< ‛¡Ey ma cã! qua sny cuartn– (Dseães 0<1). T fnb Mebdak, nrecns< ‛Gacnspafemn, gacns fncatdmn dbdqudmem, gacns gafgn dcpãecabta, y gacns sdmn raiakmas, y bns gacns epertemn ma tuscebmecdabtns y ma tus nrmabebzes– (Mebdak 4<1).

Aste buave vdsdöb ma bnsntrns cdscns tecidäb eira buastrns nlns e ube vdsdöb buave ma Frdstn. E cabns qua bnsvaecns tekas fncn sncns, bubfe kn varacns e äk fncn äk as. Fuebmn vacns buastre pafecdbnsdmem, ebgakecns susebtdmem. Fuebmn fncprabmacns buastre èkte ma lustdfde, prnfurecns su lustdfde. Aste vdsdöb buave ma bnsntrns bn bnsmaprdca? bns cntdve e iusfer e Frdstn fnb tnmn buastrn fnrezöb, pnrqua seiacns qua snkn äk puama setdsèfar buastresbafasdmemas cås prnùbmes. Fuebmn kes asfeces fedheb ma buastrns nlns, kn varacns peremn makebta ma bnsntrns,ebgakebmn tabar ube rakefdöb cås prnùbme fnb bnsntrns ma kn qua fraãecns pnsdika.

‛Lasüs astå yabmn ma puarte ab puarte matabdäbmnsa `rabta ek tacpkn ma feme ekce y prnfkecebmn< Tn astny e ke puar-te y kkecn—. Fncn ub carfemar fakastdek axpnba sus tasnrns y fkece< ‗]a efnbsaln qua ma cã fncpras nrn ra`dbemn ab ùa-hn, pere qua saes rdfn, y vastdmures ikebfes pere vastdrta, y qua bn sa masfuire ke varhûabze ma tu mas bumaz—. Ak nrn qua

n`rafa as sdb dcpurazes, cås prafdnsn qua ak ma N`dr, puas as ke à y ak ecnr. Va dbvdte ek ekce qua sa pnbhe kes vastdmuresikebfes qua snb ak cebtn ma lustdfde ma Frdstn, y ak efadta pere ubhdr qua as ke hrefde ma Frdstn, qua merå vdsdöb aspdrdtuek ekekce qua astå faheme y ab tdbdaikes pere qua puame mdstdbhudr abtra ke nire mak Aspãrdtu ma Mdns y mak aspãrdtu mak abacdhn.‗Eira tus puartes—, mdfa ak hreb Carfemar, ak pnsaamnr ma rdquazes aspdrdtuekas, ‗y gez tus bahnfdns fnbcdhn. Vny yn, tu Ya-mabtnr, qudab ta efnbsale qua fncpras ma cã—– (Yavdaw ebm Garekm, 8 ma ehnstn ma 574=? Fncabterdn iãikdfn emvabtdste, tncn 8, p. 488).

Qb ecnr dbaxnreikaAk cabsela e ke dhkasde ma Kenmdfae tarcdbe fnb ube àrvdabta y sdbfare epakefdöb. Lasüs bns mdfa e feme ubn ma

bnsntrns< ‛Ga equã, yn astny e ke puarte y kkecn? sd ekhubn nya cd vnz y eira ke puarte, abtrerä e äk, y faberä fnb äk, y äkfnbcdhn. Ek qua vabfdara, ka merä qua sa sdabta fnbcdhn ab cd trnbn, esã fncn yn ga vabfdmn, y ca ga sabtemn fnb cd

Zemra ab su trnbn– (Epnfekdpsds 6<9:, 95). Ab ak Farfebn Nrdabta, ke fabe are (y tnmevãe as) sucecabta dcpnrtebta. Fuebmn tarcdbö ak treieln mak mãe y kns

gnciras rahraseieb ma kns fecpns, ke ècdkde abtare sa raubãe ekramamnr ma ke case. Ab ke ceynrãe ma kns fesns, ke ècdkdeaxtabmdme vdvãe lubte, ma cnmn qua ak bücarn ma kes parsnbes ab ke fabe are iestebta hrebma. Kns eiuakns, garcebns ygarcebes, tãns y tães, snirdbns y prdcns sa raubãeb. Ab aste hreb raubdöb maspuäs ma ub ermun mãe ma treieln, sa fnbteiebgdstnrdes, sa fncpertãeb axpardabfdes, y sa meieb fnbsalns. Are ub tdacpn ma fncpeõardscn. Are ub tdacpn ma fekdmaz adbtdcdmem ècdkder.

Lasüs ebgake tabar aste fkesa ma fncpeõardscn fnb bnsntrns. Gey ub kuher ab su fnrezöb qua bdbhubn, ùare mabnsntrns, puama kkaber (var Vekcn 66<51? 564<58,57? Dseães =6<5-6). Lasüs ebgake sar tu ecdhn. Uudara qua fncpertes knssafratns ma tu fnrezöb fnb äk. Zuamas sabtdrta sahurn ab su prasabfde. Ak qua seia tnmn efarfe ma td, ta ece cås quabdbhüb ntrn.

Cås qua tnmn, Lasüs qudara peser ke atarbdmem fnb bnsntrns. Ak kdirn mak Epnfekdpsds cabfdnbe ak trnbn ma Mdns tradbte ysdata vafas. Asn as cås ma kn qua kn cabfdnbe fuekqudar ntrn kdirn ma ke Idikde. Ak trnbn ma Mdns sa cabfdnbe ab fetnrfa makns vadbtdmös fepãtukns mak Epnfekdpsds. Kaacns efarfe ma qua ‛geiãe ekramamnr mak trnbn ub erfn drds–, ‛mak trnbn sekãebrakåcpehns–, ‛makebta mak trnbn ermãeb sdata kåcperes ma ùahn–, geiãe ‛åbhakas ekramamnr mak trnbn–, ‛Mdns qua aståsabtemn ab ak trnbn–, y ‛ak Fnrmarn qua astå ab camdn mak trnbn– (Epnfekdpsds =<6, 1? 1<55? 8<5:, 58). Lubtn ek trnbn bnsraubdracns fnb kns geidtebtas mak Fdakn y fnb hnzn prnfkeceracns< ‛Ak Fnrmarn qua ùa dbcnkemn as mdhbn ma tncer ak



pnmar, kes rdquazes, ke seidmurãe, ke `nrtekaze, ke gnbre, ke hknrde y ke ekeiebze– (Epnfekdpsds 1<59). Mdns prncata quapnmacns pertdfdper ab ak rahnfdln mak Fdakn fuebmn ak kerhn mrece mak pafemn kkahua e su ̀ db.

Frdstn gefa su epakefdöb cås ùarta e Kenmdfae, su dhkasde mak tdacpn mak `db. Znr feuse ma su ecnr, äk ge prnvdstn keatarbdmem pere bnsntrns. ]abacns sebhra raek qua fnrra pnr buastres vabes. Vncns gdlns a gdles mak Yay mak ubdvarsn.Znmacns radber fnb äk, sabterbns fnb äk ab su trnbn pnr sdacpra lecås.

Ak ecnr gefa qua Mdns ebgaka peser tnme ke atarbdmem fnb bnsntrns, y astn as ke ceynr cntdvefdöb pere quamaspartacns ma buastrn suaõn aspdrdtuek. Vd astn bn as su`dfdabta pere seferbns ma buastre epetãe aspdrdtuek, ¾quä pnmråknhrerkn> Vd astn bn as su`dfdabta pere kkaverbns e pnbarbns ma rnmdkkes iusfebmn ak raevdvecdabtn, bdbhube ntre fnse pnmråknhrerkn.

FEZÃ]QKN 9

Ke nrefdöb< ak ketdmn

mak raevdvecdabtn

ns emnkasfabtas tdabab ube cebare ma snrprabmarbns fnb prahubtes dbfdsdves. Kes qua ca gdzn Luebraekcabta ca snrprabmdarnb. ‛Zestnr, ¾fuåbtn tdacpn mureb sus nrefdnbas> Uudarn mafdr, ¾fuåbtes gnrespnr mãe pese ustam fnb Mdns>–

Ca prahubtn sd Lueb luzherãe cd aspdrdtuekdmem pnr ke febtdmem ma tdacpn qua peseie nrebmn. Zarn cd lnvabecdhn raekcabta ca gefãe ube prahubte cufgn cås prnùbme qua ke mak tdacpn. Asteie prahubtebmn< ‛¾Föcnpuamn fnbnfar e Mdns> ¾Föcn puamn axpardcabter su prasabfde y pnmar ab cd vdme> ¾Föcn puamn tabar uberakefdöb sdhbd`dfetdve fnb äk>–

Ke Idikde prasabte e ub Mdns qua masae fnbnfarbns cås ma kn qua bnsntrns ebgakecns fnbnfarkn e äk. Vufnrezöb ebsde tabar ube rakefdöb fnb sus gdlns parmdmns. Fuebmn bns errnmdkkecns ab nrefdöb, astecnserrnmdkkåbmnbns makebta mak Mdns ncbdsfdabta mak ubdvarsn, parn tecidäb bns errnmdkkecns makebta ma equak quaebgake hnzer mak fncpeõardscn ma buastre prasabfde.

Akabe ma Xgdta kn mdfa ma aste cebare< ‛Nrer as ak eftn ma eirdr buastrn fnrezöb e Mdns fncn e ub ecdhn. Bnas qua sa bafasdta astn pere qua Mdns sape kn qua sncns, sdbn e `db ma fepefdterbns pere rafdidrkn. Ke nrefdöb bniele e Mdns geste bnsntrns, ebtas idab bns akave e äk– (Ak fecdbn e Frdstn, p. 49). Aste mafkerefdöb tdaba mns pubtnsaspafdekcabta dcpnrtebtas efarfe ma ke nrefdöb. Zrdcarn, bn as ub esubtn ma rahdstrer fuåbtn tdacpn astecnsnrebmn. As ub esubtn ma ube rakefdöb fnb ub ecdhn, y kns ecdhns peseb tdacpn lubtns pnrqua aståb fnbtabtns maaster ak ubn fnb ak ntrn. Geidabmn mdfgn astn, sdb acierhn, maiacns emcdtdr qua ke fnbsdstabfde ab buastre vdmema nrefdöb as sucecabta dcpnrtebta. As md`ãfdk cebtabar ube rakefdöb astrafge fnb ekhudab fnb qudab rerecabtapesecns tdacpn lubtns. Lasüs ravdstdö su vdme fnb nrefdöb (var, pnr alacpkn, Cerfns 5<61? Kufes 1<50). Zesö

tdacpn fnb su Zemra.¾Fuåbtn tdacpn nrn> Tn bn avekün cd vdme ma nrefdöb pnr ke febtdmem ma cdbutns u gnres qua pesn nrebmn.

Kn avekün n cdmn pnr ke cebare ab qua eàfte cd rakefdöb fnb Mdns. Cd cate as abtrer e ke prasabfde ma Mdnsfeme mãe. Ak tdacpn qua pesn ab cds mavnfdnbas verãe. Ke prahubte frãtdfe bn as< ‛¾Fuåbtn tdacpn pesä nrebmngny>–, sdbn< ‛¾Ga tabdmn fncubdöb fnb Mdns gny>– Ak raevdvecdabtn trete ma fnbnfar e Mdns. ]rete ma tabar uberakefdöb sdhbd`dfetdve fnb äk camdebta ke nrefdöb, ak astumdn ma ke Idikde y ke tastd`dfefdöb. Vdb nrefdöb àrvdabta ysdbfare bn puama geiar raevdvecdabtn.

Ek`ram Knrm ]abbysnb asteie ab kn fdartn fuebmn mdln< ‛Cås fnses sa knhreb fnb ke nrefdöb ma kn qua astacubmn suaõe–. Kns hrebmas raevdvecdabtns ma kns fuekas bns geike ke Asfrdture ùarnb fnbfaidmns camdebta kenrefdöb. Ak Ebtdhun ]astecabtn rahdstre nrefdnbas ab kes qua Cndsäs, Mevdm y Mebdak rnhernb pnmar ma kn ektn ek]nmnpnmarnsn. Ke vdme ma nrefdöb ma Lasüs ravake su fnbstebta mapabmabfde ma su Zemra fakastdek. Kns avebhakdns

dbmdfeb qua fuebmn äk asteie ma rnmdkkes y snkn fnb ak Zemra rafdiãe ceynr pnmar. T eub ube kafture supar`dfdekmak kdirn ma kns Gafgns ravake qua kns frayabtas mak Buavn ]astecabtn fraãeb qua pnmãeb pabatrer ab kns fdaknssnira sus rnmdkkes, prnfurebmn ak marrececdabtn mak Aspãrdtu Vebtn.

Cås farfe ma buastrn tdacpn, Akabe ma Xgdta asfrdidö efarfe ma ke àrvdabta dbtarfasdöb qua nfurrdö fuebmn saabfnbtrö fnb ntrns pdnbarns emvabtdstes pere iusfer ke varmem. ‛Ab buastres raubdnbas dcpnrtebtas–, asfrdidö,‛astns gnciras sa raubãeb y iusfeieb ke varmem fncn e tasnrns asfnbmdmns. Ca abfnbträ fnb akkns, y astumdecns

K



y nrecns àrvdabtacabta? pnrqua sabtãecns qua maiãecns eprabmar ke varmem ma Mdns. E cabumnparcebafãecns lubtns geste terma ab ke bnfga, y e vafas murebta tnme ke bnfga, nrebmn pnr kuz, y astumdebmn keZekeire. Ek eyuber y nrer, vdbn snira bnsntrns hreb pnmar– ( Cebusfrdpt Yakaesas, tncn 6, p. 9:8). Astns `dakasgnciras ma Mdns rafnbnfãeb qua pnmãeb fnbnfar e Frdstn y su varmem y vdvdr kns prdbfdpdns ma su radbnsnkecabta fuebmn mapabmãeb eisnkutecabta ma Mdns.

Qb rafnbnfdcdabtn ma buastre bafasdmem

Ke nrefdöb as ub rafnbnfdcdabtn ma buastre bafasdmem. Znr camdn ma ke nrefdöb eirdcns buastrns fnreznbas

pere rafdidr kes iabmdfdnbas mak Fdakn. Bn as ke rabuabfde ma perta ma Mdns kn qua ra`rabe ak marrececdabtn ma suAspãrdtu Vebtn snira bnsntrns. Kn qua astnrie su kdiarefdöb as buastre èkte ma praperefdöb pere rafdidr ak mnbfakastdek. Ab buastrns cncabtns ma nrefdöb, ak Aspãrdtu Vebtn bns fnbvabfa ma eftdtumas y effdnbas qua dcpdmabsu pnmarnsn marrececdabtn ab bnsntrns. Fuebmn nrecns, buastrns fnreznbas aståb eidartns e tnmn kn qua Mdnsqudara gefar pnr sus gdlns.

Ak pramdfemnr mak sdhkn WDW Kanberm Yevabgdkk kn mdln ma asta cnmn< ‛Ak varmemarn raevdvecdabtn fecide akfkdce cnrek ma ube rahdöb n ube befdöb. Vdb axfapfdöb, tnmns kns raevdvecdabtns varmemarns mak pesemnfncabzernb maspuäs ma eõns ma dbtarfasdöb ehnbdzebta, qua sefuma ke ]darre, qua rnie mak db`darbn y as abvdemepnr ak Fdakn–.

Y. E. ]nrray ùa ub pnmarnsn pramdfemnr ma raevdvecdabtn e `dbas mak sdhkn mdafdbuava y fncdabzns mak sdhknvadbta. Yaekdzö raubdnbas ma raevdvecdabtn ab Hreb Irateõe abtra 54:6 y 54:1, y ab kns Astemns Qbdmns ab 54:0 y

54:8. Kecabtebmn kn nfupemns qua asteieb kns frdstdebns, mafkerö< ‛Astecns macesdemn nfupemns pere nrer, pnrakkn astecns macesdemn nfupemns pere tabar pnmar. ]abacns cufge eftdvdmemas, parn raekdzecns pnfn? cufgnssarvdfdns, parn pnfes fnbvarsdnbas, cufge cequdberde parn pnfns rasuktemns–.

Ke nrefdöb ùa ke iesa ma kes gezeões ma à rahdstremes ab ak kdirn ma Gafgns. Kns mdsfãpukns sa raubdarnbmurebta mdaz mães, ab kns fuekas iusfernb ̀ arvdabtacabta ke prncase mak Aspãrdtu Vebtn (Gafgns 5<5=). T abtnbfastras cdk fnbvarsns sa ubdarnb e akkns, y ‛parsavareieb ab ke mnftrdbe ma kns epöstnkas, ab ke fncubdöb ubns fnbntrns, ab ak pertdcdabtn mak peb, y ab kes nrefdnbas– (Gafgns 9<=9).

Ke dhkasde tacprebe akdhdö mdåfnbns ma cnmn qua kns epöstnkas pumdareb parsdstdr ‛ab ke nrefdöb y ab akcdbdstardn ma ke pekeire– (Gafgns 0<=). Fuebmn Zamrn nrö, Mdns eirdö ub fecdbn pere qua ke dhkasde prdcdtdveekfebzere e kns habtdkas. T fuebmn ke dhkasde abtare dbtarfamdö, äk ùa cdkehrnsecabta kdiaremn ma ke prdsdöb (varGafgns 5: y 59).

Ke axpardabfde ma kns mdsfãpukns fnb ke nrefdöb ab ak epnsabtn ektn kns kebzö e ube vdme ma nrefdöb quafnbtdbuö murebta tnmn ak cdbdstardn ma kns frayabtas fncn kn rahdstre ak kdirn ma Gafgns. Znr camdn ma ke nrefdöb,maserrnkkernb fnreznbas fnb`demns. Znr camdn ma ke nrefdöb, eprabmdarnb e mapabmar mak ]nmnpnmarnsn. Znrcamdn ma ke nrefdöb, rafnbnfdarnb sus maidkdmemas y iusfernb `nrtekaze. Znr camdn ma ke nrefdöb, emcdtdarnb sudhbnrebfde y prnfurernb ke seidmurãe ma Mdns. Znr camdn ma ke nrefdöb, kns mdsfãpukns rafnbnfdarnb suskdcdtefdnbas y fkecernb e Mdns pnr ak pnmar su`dfdabta pere tnmn. Kn nfurrdmn ab ak mãe ma Zabtafnstäs ùa akrasuktemn ma ke dbtarfasdöb sdbfare.

Ak kdirn ma kns Gafgns masfrdia e kns frayabtas fncn kkabns ma pnmar ma kn ektn. Ak Aspãrdtu Vebtn ùamarrecemn ma ube cebare sdbhuker. Kns fnreznbas areb tnfemns. Kes vdmes fecideieb. Ak avebhakdn pabatreie abkns kuheras cås md`ãfdkas, y mafabes ma cdkas ma parsnbes sa fnbvdrtdarnb. Gafgns fepãtukn 9 mdfa qua tras cdkùarnb eõemdmns e ke dhkasde (vars. =5)? Gafgns =<= rahdstre qua frayarnb fdbfn cdk gnciras? y sd eõemdcns kescularas y kns bdõns, ak bücarn fdartecabta maia geiar astemn abtra qudbfa y vadbta cdk. Eub cufgns ma kns

mdrdhabtas rakdhdnsns qua bn geiãeb efaptemn eidartecabta e Lasüs murebta su vdme tarrabek ‛niamafãeb e ke à–(Gafgns 0<8).

Ke gdstnrde ma asta frafdcdabtn àbncabek sdhua ab Gafgns 4, mnbma kaacns qua kes dhkasdes ‛pnr tnme Lumae,Hekdkae y Vecerde– dieb ‛frafdabmn ab bücarn– (varsãfukn 65, BPD). T abtnbfas, fncn Lasüs geiãe mdfgn, akavebhakdn qua fncabzö ab ke ]darre Vebte fncabzö e trespeser kãcdtas fukturekas y hanhrå`dfns ceynras. Gafgns7 bns fuabte ke gdstnrde mak ieutdscn mak tasnrarn ma Atdnpãe, y ab ub db`nrca cås axtabsn, Gafgns 5: y 55 bnsprasabte ke fnbvarsdöb mak fabturdöb rncebn Fnrbakdn y su ècdkde, y ak dcpeftn qua tuvn snira ke dhkasdebefdabta.

Esã, Gafgns bns fuabte ke gdstnrde mak frafdcdabtn ma ke dhkasde. Ak prdcar fepãtukn rahdstre qua maspuäs ma keesfabsdöb ma Lasüs ubns tradbte eõns ma fncabzemn ak sdhkn D m.F., ubns fdabtn vadbta frayabtas sa raubdarnb ab akepnsabtn ektn (varsãfukn 51). Kns calnras fåkfukns snb qua pere ak `db mak prdcar sdhkn, ubns satabte eõns cås

terma, geiãe pnr kn cabns ub cdkköb ma frdstdebns ab ak Dcpardn Yncebn. As ub frafdcdabtn bnteika sahübfuekqudar bnrce.

Fnb fnreznbas eidartns

Znr camdn ma ke nrefdöb, eirdcns buastrns fnreznbas e tnmn kn qua Lasüs tdaba pere bnsntrns. Masbumecns



buastres ekces pere rafdidr ke pkabdtum ma su pnmar. Qbe ma kes prdbfdpekas fereftarãstdfes ma kes rakefdnbas seku-meikas as ke fncubdfefdöb< kes parsnbes qua sa dbtaraseb ubes pnr ntres qudarab geiker abtra sã. Asn tecidäb asfdartn ma buastre rakefdöb fnb Mdns< sd bns dbtarasecns ab Mdns y fraacns qua äk sa dbtarase ab bnsntrns,masaeracns fncubdferbns fnb äk esã fncn kn gerãecns fnb fuekqudar ntrn ecdhn farfebn n fncpeõarn. Akepnsabtn ektn ùa ub kuher ma fncubdöb fnb Mdns, ub kuher mnbma kns mdsfãpukns nrernb dbmdvdmuekcabta y abfnblubtn ab ke nrefdöb fnrpnretdve. Akkns ‛sa raubãeb pere prasabter sus pamdmns ek Zemra ab ak bncira ma Lasüs.Veiãeb qua tabãeb ub Yaprasabtebta ab ak Fdakn, ub Einhemn ebta ak trnbn ma Mdns. Fnb snkacba tacnr ravarabtasa pnstrernb ab nrefdöb, rapdtdabmn kes pekeires dcprahbemes ma sahurdmem< ‗]nmn fuebtn pdmdarads ek Zemra abcd bncira, ns kn merå. Geste egnre beme geiäds pamdmn ab cd bncira? pamdm y rafdidräds, pere qua vuastrn hnznsae fucpkdmn— Lueb 50<96, 9=– (Kns gafgns ma kns epöstnkas, p. 97).

]abacns ak cdscn Yaprasabtebta ab ak Fdakn fncn kn tuvdarnb kns prdcarns mdsfãpukns. Äk bns dbvdte, fncn eakkns, e kkaver buastres ferhes e äk. ]abacns ak cdscn Ecdhn uidfemn ab ak trnbn ma Mdns. Bns dbste, fncn kngdzn e qudabas kn sdrvdarnb gefa mns cdk eõns, e prasabter kns masans ma buastrns fnreznbas e äk. ]ecidäbbnsntrns pnmacns rafkecer sus prncases. ]ecidäb bnsntrns pnmacns axtabmar ke cebn ma buastre à feme vazcås ektn. ]ecidäb bnsntrns pnmacns pamdrka qua bns ntnrhua ak cås prafdnsn mnb mak Fdakn, ak Aspãrdtu Vebtn.

Pdvdcns ab ube gnre aspafdek ma ke gdstnrde gucebe. ]nmn ak fdakn bns dbvdte e eàrrecns ma kes prncases mak]nmnpnmarnsn. Mdns ebsde gefar ekhn aspafdek pnr su dhkasde egnre. Bns dbvdte e iusferkn fnb tnmns buastrnsfnreznbas pere rafdidr ak pnmar ma su Aspãrdtu Vebtn ab ke kkuvde termãe qua bns fepefdterå pere tarcdber ke nirequa bns fncdsdnbö gefar. Kes prncases ma buastrn Vaõnr snb teb fdartes gny fncn kn ùarnb gefa mns cdk eõns.Vd fucpkdcns kes fnbmdfdnbas, äk raspnbmarå masma ak fdakn. Äk sa ge fncprncatdmn e merbns kn qua maiacns

tabar pere kkaver emakebta ase terae. Fuebmn bns errnmdkkecns makebta ma äk feme ceõebe, pnmacns rafkecer suprncase ma qua bns merå ak pnmar ra`rasfebta y rabnvemnr ma su Aspãrdtu.Equã gey ntre prncase ekabtemnre qua pnmacns rafkecer pnr à ek nrer< ‛Ceõebe tres ceõebe, fuebmn kns

garekmns mak avebhakdn sa errnmdkkeb makebta mak Vaõnr y rabuaveb sus vntns ma fnbsehrefdöb, äk kas fnbfama keprasabfde ma su Aspãrdtu fnb su pnmar vdvd`dfebta y sebtd`dfemnr. T ek sekdr pere mamdfersa e kns maiaras mderdns,tdabab ke sahurdmem ma qua ak ehabta dbvdsdika mak Aspãrdtu Vebtn kns fepefdte pere sar fnkeinremnras ma Mdns– (Knsgafgns ma kns epöstnkas, pp. =0, =8).

Ke nrefdöb gefa ube mdàrabfde. Znr camdn ma ke nrefdöb abtrecns ab fncubdöb fnb Lasüs y sncns kkabns masu Vebtn Aspãrdtu. Ke vdme ma Lasüs, su alacpkn, ravake ke bafasdmem ma vdvdr buastres vdmes ab fncubdöb fnbtdbuefnb Mdns. Eprabmacns ma su vdme ma nrefdöb kn qua raekcabta sdhbd`dfe fnbnfar e Mdns.

Ke vdme ma nrefdöb ma Lasüs Lasüs as buastrn hreb cnmakn ma dbtarfasdöb. Yahukercabta sa eperteie e kuheras trebqudkns mnbma pnmãe nrer.

Nreie pdmdabmn ùarzes pere e`rnbter kns mase`ãns mak mãe. Ynheie e su Zemra pdmdabmn ùarzes pere vabfar kestabtefdnbas ma Vetebås. Ak Avebhakdn ma Cerfns cabfdnbe ube ma ases sasdnbas cetdbekas ma Lasüs<‛Kavebtåbmnsa cuy ma ceõebe, sdabmn eüb cuy nsfurn, sekdö y sa ùa e ub kuher masdartn, y ekkã nreie– (Cerfns5<61). Vd Lasüs, ak mdvdbn Gdln ma Mdns, pabsö qua bafasdteie nrer, ¾fuåbtn cås bafasdtecns bnsntrns nitabar knqua ke nrefdöb sucdbdstre>

Buastrn Vaõnr rafnbnfdö qua ke `nrtekaze aspdrdtuek vdaba pnr camdn ma ke nrefdöb. Kufes asfrdidö< ‛Ces äk saeperteie e kuheras masdartns, y nreie– (Kufes 1<50). Lasüs bn nreie snkn nfesdnbekcabta, carecabta fuebmnsurhãe ube bafasdmem n prnikace. Ke nrefdöb are perta vdtek ma su vdme. Are ke fkeva pere cebtabarsa fnbaftemnfnb ak Zemra. Are ke asabfde ma ube aspdrdtuekdmem vdirebta. Ke vdme ma nrefdöb ma Lasüs ka meie veknr y `nrtekaze

pere e`rnbter ke tabtefdöb. Vekãe ma ases sasdnbas ma nrefdöb ra`rasfemn aspdrdtuekcabta y fnb ub fncprncdsnrabnvemn ma gefar ke vnkubtem mak Zemra.

Ek masfrdidr ubn ma asns cncabtns ma nrefdöb, Kufes bnte qua cdabtres ‛nreie, ke eperdabfde ma su rnstrn sagdzn ntre, y su vastdmn ikebfn y raspkebmafdabta– (Kufes 4<94), Lasüs drremdeie ke ùarze qua prnvdaba macncabtns pesemns ab ke prasabfde ma Mdns camdebta ke nrefdöb. Vd Lasüs, ak mdvdbn Gdln ma Mdns, fnbsdmareie quaak tdacpn ab ke prasabfde ma su Zemra are asabfdek pere vabfar kes `dares tabtefdnbas ma Vetebås, ¡snkn pnmacnsdcehdber fuåbtn ceynr as buastre bafasdmem!

Lasüs bubfe sa fnbsdmarö macesdemn nfupemn fncn pere nrer. Bubfe pabsö qua su ehabme asteie teb kkabequa bn tabãe tdacpn pere tabar fncubdöb fnb su Zemra. Bubfe sdbtdö qua tabãe tebtn qua gefar qua maiãe abtrerab akke fnrrdabmn y kuahn sekdr ma ke prasabfde ma su Zemra.

Lasüs sekãe ma kns cncabtns ãbtdcns pesemns fnb Mdns raevdvemn aspdrdtuekcabta. Asteie kkabn ma pnmar

pnrqua sa tnceie tdacpn pere nrer.‛Frdstn asteie fnbtdbuecabta rafdidabmn mak Zemra pere pnmar fncubdferkn e bnsntrns. ‗Kes pekeires qua nãs—,mdln, ‗bn snb cães, sdbn mak Zemra qua ca abvdö—. ‗Ak Gdln mak gncira vdbn pere sarvdr, bn pere sar sarvdmn—. Pdvdö,pabsö y nrö, bn pere sã cdscn, sdbn pere ntrns. Ma kes gnres pesemes fnb Mdns sekãe ceõebe tres ceõebe, perekkaver ke kuz mak Fdakn e kns gnciras. Mderdecabta rafdiãe ub buavn ieutdscn mak Aspãrdtu Vebtn. Ab kestacprebes gnres ma ub buavn mãe ak Vaõnr kn masparteie ma su suaõn, y su ekce y sus keidns areb ubhdmns fnb



hrefde, pere qua pumdare dcpertdrke e ntrns– (Yavdaw ebm Garekm, 55 ma ehnstn ma 545:).Ak Avebhakdn ma Cerfns bns me ekhubes ntres parfapfdnbas dcpnrtebtas ma ke vdme ma nrefdöb ma Lasüs.

‛Kavebtåbmnsa cuy ma ceõebe, sdabmn eüb cuy nsfurn, sekdö y sa ùa e ub kuher masdartn, y ekkã nreie– (Cerfns5<61). Gey mns fnses aspafã`dfes qua bnter ab asta pesela. Lasüs tabãe ub tdacpn pere nrer, y ub kuher pere nrer. Bnmaleie su vdme ma nrefdöb ek ezer.

Ke ceynrãe ma bnsntrns tabacns ube gnre pere fncar. ¾]abacns ube gnre rahuker pere peser fnb Mdns> ¾Qbtdacpn ab ak qua bn parcdtas qua beme ta mdsturia> ¾T tdabas ub kuher mnbma puamas nrer sdb sar cnkastemn> ¾Qbkuher mnbma puamas aster snkn fnb Mdns>

Ke Asfrdture tecidäb dbmdfe qua Lasüs e vafas nreie ab vnz ekte. Cetan mdfa qua fuebmn asteie rnhebmn ekZemra pdmdabmn ube cebare ma avdter ak Fekverdn, ‛sa pnströ snira su rnstrn, nrebmn y mdfdabmn...– (Cetan 90<64? kefursdve ̀ ua eõemdme? f`. varsãfukns =9, ==). T Gairans mdfa qua ab Hatsacebã, Lasüs n`rafdö ‛ruahns y süpkdfes fnb hreb fkecnr y kåhrdces ek qua ka pnmãe kdirer ma ke cuarta– (Gairans 1<8? ke fursdve ùa eõemdme). Nrer ab vnz ektefnbfabtre buastrns pabsecdabtns y bns eyume e avdter qua buastres cabtas sa mdstredheb. Znr astn Akabe maXgdta bns efnbsale e eprabmar ‛e nrer ab vnz ekte fuebmn übdfecabta Mdns puama nãrns– (Buastre akaveme vnfe-fdöb, p. 569).

Bn ca abtdabmeb cek. Fdartecabta gey nfesdnbas fuebmn as eprnpdemn nrer ab `nrce sdkabfdnse. E cabumnakavn pamdmns sdkabfdnsns e Mdns. Zarn sd ebgakes ube fncubdöb cås farfebe fnb Lasüs, abfuabtre ub kuhertrebqudkn y marrece tu fnrezöb e äk ab vnz ekte.

Fuebmn nres ab vnz ekte, Lasüs sa efarferå, y tnmns kns åbhakas cekns gudråb (var Fnbsalns pere ke dhkasde, p.179).

Nrer lubtns

Eubqua e vafas Lasüs nreie snkn, geiãe cufges nfesdnbas fuebmn ebdcö e sus mdsfãpukns cås farfebns e nrerfnb äk. (Par, pnr alacpkn, Kufes 4<57.) Zamrn, Vebtdehn y Lueb efncpeõernb e Lasüs ek cnbta ma ke ]rebs`dhu-refdöb (Cetan 58<5, 9). T fuebmn Lasüs nrö ab Hatsacebã, kns dbstö e nrer fnb äk (Cetan 90<60, 68, =:, =5? Kufes99<64-=0).

Fuebmn kes parsnbes nreb lubtes, rafdiab ub pnmar axtrenrmdberdn. Lasüs dbstö e sus mdsfãpukns e nrer lubtnstabdabmn sus fnreznbas ab ercnbãe. Kns ecnbastö< ‛Ntre vaz ns mdhn, qua sd mns ma vnsntrns sa pusdarab maefuarmn ab ke ]darre efarfe ma fuekqudare fnse qua pdmdarab, kas sarå gafgn pnr cd Zemra qua astå ab kns fdakns.Znrqua mnbma aståb mns n tras fnbhrahemns ab cd bncira, ekkã astny yn ab camdn ma akkns– (Cetan 57<54, 9:).

Ke pekeire hrdahe tremufdme ‛ma efuarmn– equã sdhbd`dfe ‛ab fncpkatn efuarmn–. Aste pekeire sa useie efarfema mdvarses vnfas qua sa ubãeb ab ube sdb`nbãe ma febtn. Fuebmn astecns ubdmns ab nrefdöb, fnb fnreznbas abfncpkatn efuarmn, buastres vnfas kkaheb e sar ub fnrn ma ekeiebze qua tastd`dfe mak pnmar mak avebhakdn. Astecaknmãe ekahra trea hnzn ek fnrezöb ma Lasüs. Fuebmn bns ubdcns ab nrefdöb, ke sökdme à ma ub cdacirnfncpabse ke pniraze ma ntrn, ke ùarze ma ubn eyume e ke maidkdmem ma ntrn, ke cebsamucira ma ubn aqudkdire keehrasdvdmem ma ntrn, y ak pnmar ma ubn eyume e ke `rehdkdmem ma ntrn. Fuebmn aståb ubdmns ab nrefdöb, knscdacirns fncpertab kns hnzns y kes trdstazes fncubas, kes ̀ nrtekazes y kes maidkdmemas, kes ekahrães y kes trdstazes.

Frdstn prncata mns fnses aspafã`dfes e equakkns qua aståb ubdmns ab nrefdöb. Zrdcarn, kas prncata qua fuebmnbns efarfecns e äk ubdmns ab nrefdöb fnb fnreznbas qua snkn masaeb su hknrde, äk raspnbmarå. Fuebmn vecns lubtns ab nrefdöb, iusfebmn su vnkubtem, ebgakebmn fnbnfarkn calnr, y pdmdabmn ak marrececdabtn ma suAspãrdtu snira bnsntrns y snira equakkns pnr qudabas nrecns, äk fnbtasterå pnmarnsecabta. Va raekdzeråbcdkehrns cås ekkå ma buastre fncprabsdöb.

Vahubmn, Frdstn prncata qua fuebmn bns efarfecns e äk fnb fnreznbas ubdmns y ab su bncira, äk asterå abbuastrn camdn. Astn dcpkdfe bn snkn qua ke habta qua astå nrebmn sa ubdrå ubns fnb ntrns, sdbn qua asteråbubdmns fnb Frdstn. Astns frayabtas qua nreb aståb iusfebmn cås ma su ecnr? ebsãeb sabtdr su prasabfde? y masaebqua äk sae hknrd`dfemn pnr kn qua aståb pdmdabmn. Kns mdsfãpukns ma Frdstn qua nreb tdabab ak hnzn ma seiar qua äkastå raekcabta prasabta fnb akkns.

Mdns raspate buastre kdiartem ma akaffdöb. Eubqua nire cdsardfnrmdnsecabta ab buastres vdmes eub ebtas quabns efarquacns e äk ab nrefdöb, fuebmn nrecns, ka mecns parcdsn e buastrn Fraemnr tnmnpnmarnsn, Yamabtnrecebta, y vabdmarn Yay Lasufrdstn pere userbns pere hknrd`dfer su bncira ma tnme cebare qua äk kn masaa.



FEZÃ]QKN 6

Ke Zekeire<ak ùbmecabtn

mak raevdvecdabtn

e Esnfdefdöb Habarek ma kns Emvabtdstes mak Väptdcn Mãe kebzö rafdabtacabta ube dbdfdetdve fnbnfdme fncn‛Yaevdvemns pnr su Zekeire–. Kns àkdhrasas ekramamnr mak cubmn qua sa ubdarnb e asta cnvdcdabtn astumdeb ubfepãtukn ma ke Idikde feme mãe. Kns rasuktemns trebs`nrcemnras ma vdmes ma aste dbdfdetdve snb bnteikas. Equã geyube cuastre ma kns cdkas ma tastdcnbdns qua sa abvdernb e ke Esnfdefdöb Habarek<

- ‛Fuebmn kan ke Zekeire ma Mdns ca sdabtn cås fnbafteme fnb äk. Ga epra bmdmn e asfufgerkn–. -Pekarde

- ‛Kaar ke Zekeire ma Mdns ge fecidemn cd vdme. Vnkãe sar vdnkabtn y ehrasdvn, parn... pnr feuse mak astumdn ma su

Zekeire y hrefdes e su ecnr trebs`nrcemnr, egnre sny pefã`dfn, ecebta y inbmemnsn–. -Hudkkarcn

- ‛Znr prdcare vaz ab cd vdme ca sdabtn cås farfe ma Mdns... As ke calnr eyume qua buastre dhkasde ca ge memn ekhubevaz... ¡Cufges hrefdes!——-Lueb

- ‛Ke Zekeire ma Mdns ge prnmufdmn ub hreb fecidn ab cd vdme... Ehumdze cd cabta y tdaba ub aàftn trebqudkdzemnrsnira cã–. ‖Eidhedk

- ‛Ma`dbdmecabta van ube mdàrabfde ab cd vdme... As ub sabtdcdabtn hrebmdnsn kavebterca pnr ke ceõebe seidabmnqua sarä raevdveme pnr su Zekeire—— -Lumdtg

Astns tastdcnbdns, lubtn fnb mafabes ma cdkas ma ntrns sdcdkeras, snb avdmabfde ma ke aàftdvdmem ma ke rafate ma Akabema Xgdta< ‛Znr tnmn ak cubmn sa bafasdte ub raevdvecdabtn ab ak astumdn ma ke Idikde. Ge ma kkecersa ke etabfdöb, bn e knsesartns ma kns gnciras, sdbn e ke Zekeire ma Mdns. Fuebmn astn sa gehe, sa raekdzerå ube nire pnmarnse– (Ak avebhakdscn, p.66=).

E cabns qua astä efncpeõemn ma ub astumdn sdstacåtdfn ma ke Zekeire ma Mdns, fuekqudar äbèsds snira akraevdvecdabtn y ke ra`nrce cnrdrå råpdmecabta, mahabarebmn ab fnbsdhbes sabtdcabtekas, n rasuktebmn ab ubeaxpardabfde aspdrdtuek èksd`dfeme. Ak astumdn ma ke Zekeire ma Mdns, qua fnbmufa e ube axpardabfde ma trebs`nrcefdöb ma kevdme fnb Lasüs, bn as npfdnbek ab ub raevdvecdabtn? as ùbmefdnbek. Beme puama racpkezer ak asfufger ke vnz ma Mdns quabns geike pnr camdn ma su Zekeire. Camdter fnb nrefdöb ab ke Asfrdture as ube ùabta iåsdfe ma `nrtekaze aspdrdtuek.

Ak raevdvecdabtn e kn kerhn ma kns sdhknsE treväs ma kns Vekcns, Mevdm tastd`dfe ma kes iabmdfdnbas ma ke Zekeire qua äk axpardcabtö. Abfnbtrö veknr y `nrtekaze

ab ke Zekeire ma Mdns, y ekkã masfuirdö asparebze y fnbmuffdöb mdvdbe. Ke Zekeire ma Mdns treln kuz e su cabta nsfurafdme

(Vekcn 554<56:). Ekdcabtö su fnrezöb gecirdabtn y epehö ke sam ma su ekce (Vekcn 554<75). Fuebmn Veük ecabezö fnbceterkn, sa eàrrö e ke prncase ma kdiarefdöb ma Mdns (Vekcn 6=<=). E`kdhdmn pnr ke fukpeidkdmem maspuäs ma su dbfdmabta maemuktardn fnb Iatseiä, sa eàrrö e ke prncase ma parmöb ma Mdns (Vekcn 69<5, 9). Zarpkaln fnb raspaftn ek ùturn, fnb`dö abke prncase ma qua Mdns kn fnbmufdrãe (Vekcn 69<7). @dbekcabta, pumn axfkecer luidknsn< ‛]u mdfgn ca ge vdvd`dfemn– (Vekcn554<1:). Ak raevdvecdabtn trete ma abfnbtrer vdme buave ab ke Zekeire ma Mdns.

Ab Zabtafnstäs, ak Aspãrdtu Vebtn ùa marrecemn snira ub hrupn ma mdsfãpukns qua nreie y fraãe ab ke Zekeire ma Mdns

K



tåfdtecabta. Znr à geiãeb feptemn ke prncase mak Vekvemnr, efapternb su pekeire, y asparernb su fucpkdcdabtn. Kkabnsma fnb`debze ab su Vekvemnr, astns frayabtas mak Buavn ]astecabtn sekdarnb y fecidernb ak cubmn (var Gafgns =<65?Fnknsabsas 5<96-90).

Ke Ya`nrce tecidäb ùa ub cnvdcdabtn ma raevdvecdabtn prnùbmecabta erredhemn ab ke Asfrdture. Ab ke snkamem ytrebqudkdmem ma kns vekkas mak Zdecnbta ab ak bnrta ma Dtekde y sur ma @rebfde, murebta kns sdhkns WDD y WDP maspuäs ma Frdstn,kns pemras vekmabsas kkabernb kes cabtas ma sus gdlns fnb kes absaõebzes ma ke Zekeire. Etasnreieb fnpdes cebusfrdtes make Idikde, y cacnrdzeieb hrebmas pnrfdnbas ma akke. Cufgns ma asns lövabas ùarnb abvdemns fncn cdsdnbarns e keshrebmas ubdvarsdmemas aurnpaes. Ek eirdr kes sehremes varmemas ma ke Zekeire ma Mdns e ntrns ab ases dbstdtufdnbas,surhdarnb raevdvecdabtns aspdrdtuekas.

Eõns cås terma, ke Idikde `nrcö ke iesa ma ke pramdfefdöb ma Gus, Laröbdcn, Kutarn, \udbhkdn, Fekvdbn, Xgdta`dakm yXaskay. Ke irdkkebta kuz ma ke Asfrdture axpusn kns mnhces ma èirdfefdöb gucebe ma ke dhkasde camdavek pnr kn qua areb, yke prnfkecefdöb, kkabe mak Aspãrdtu, ma ke Zekeire ma Mdns, trebs`nrcö kes vdmes ma mafabes ma cdkas ma parsnbes qua geiãebsdmn cebtabdmes feutdves pnr kes femabes ma ke suparstdfdöb.

Ak cnvdcdabtn emvabtdste mak sdhkn WDW ùa ub cnvdcdabtn ma raevdvecdabtn seturemn ma ke Zekeire ma Mdns. Fnb keIdikde, fncn ùbmecabtn ma su à, equakkns prdcarns emvabtdstes prnfkecernb fnb sabtdmn ma urhabfde ke bafasdmem mapraperersa pere ke vabdme ma Lasüs, dbdfdebmn ub raevdvecdabtn qua fecidö ak fursn ma ke gdstnrde gucebe. Ak cdscnAspãrdtu Vebtn qua dbspdrö ke Idikde tnmevãe trebs`nrce e qudabas ke kaab.

Kes prnàfães mak Epnfekdpsds dbmdfeb qua ak astumdn sardn ma ke Idikde ge habaremn cnvdcdabtns ma raevdvecdabtn ab knpesemn, y kn gerå ntre vaz (var Epnfekdpsds 59<58? 5=<0-59). Mdns kavebterå ntre vaz ube habarefdöb ma frdstdebnsfncprncatdmns qua astäb epesdnbemns pnr masfuirdr su vnkubtem ab su Zekeire. Abfnbtreråb hrefde y `nrtekaze yasparebze ab su Zekeire. Cdreråb fere e fere kns dbdhuekeikas abfebtns ma Frdstn ab su Zekeire. E ke kuz mak ecnr ma Mdns, supuaikn axpardcabterå ub pnmarnsn raevdvecdabtn aspdrdtuek. Ak Aspãrdtu Vebtn sa marrecerå sdb camdme, y ak avebhakdn saråkkavemn geste kns fnb`dbas ma ke ]darre (Cetan 9=<5=? Epnfekdpsds 57<5).

Ak pnmar fraemnr ma ke ZekeireKe Zekeire ma Mdns as fraemnre. Ab ke Fraefdöb, su Zekeire eumdika sa fnbvdrtdö ab cetarde tebhdika, kes sãkeies qua sekãeb

ma su infe `nrceieb kes fnses qua akkes bncireieb. Esã ke ]darre eperafdö e su nrmab, esã fncn ak snk, ke kube, kes astrakkesy tnmns kns saras vdvdabtas.

Asta cdscn pnmar fraemnr sa abfuabtre ab ke Zekeire asfrdte ma Mdns. Fncn varacns, Gairans =<59 astå rapkatn masdhbd`dfemn. Feme `resa as dcpnrtebta. Axecdberacns feme perta y matarcdberacns su sdhbd`dfemn pere buastres vdmeseftuekas.

‛Ke pekeire ma Mdns as vdve y a`dfez, y cås fnrtebta qua tnme aspeme ma mns ` d kns–. Ke Idikde as ke Zekeire asfrdte, y Lasüsas ke Zekeire vdve, ke Zekeire gafge ferba (var Lueb 5<5, 5=). Esã qua sd qudaras var föcn as ke Zekeire ma Mdns epkdfeme ebuastrn cubmn, cdre e Lasüs.

Ke Asfrdture as tecidäb ke Zekeire fraemnre (var Vekcn 66<0, 4). Ke Zekeire ma Mdns as pnmarnse. Ke pekeire hrdahetremufdme fncn ‛pnmarnse– as abarhäs, ma mnbma bns kkahe ‛abarhãe–. Fncn mafkere eprnpdemecabta Akabe ma Xgdta< ‛abke pekeire ma Mdns astå ke abarhãe fraemnre qua kkecö kns cubmns e ke axdstabfde. Aste pekeire dcperta pnmar? abhabmrevdme. Feme nrmab as ube prncase? efapteme pnr ke vnkubtem, rafdidme ab ak ekce, trea fnbsdhn ke vdme mak Var db`dbdtn.]rebs`nrce ke beturekaze y vuakva e fraer ak ekce e dcehab ma Mdns– (Ke amufefdöb, p. 590). Ek astumder ke Idikde fnb ubecabta ab camdtefdöb y ube eftdtum ma nrefdöb, ak pnmar fraetdvn qua treln ak cubmn e ke axdstabfde trebs`nrcerå buastresvdmes.

Ak asfrdtnr ma Gairans mafkere qua ke Zekeire ma Mdns as ‛cås ehume qua tnme aspeme ma mns `dkns? y pabatre ak ekce y ak

aspãrdtu, kes fnyubtures y kns tuätebns, y mdsfdarba kns pabsecdabtns y kes dbtabfdnbas mak fnrezöb– (Gairans =<59? ke fursdve

ùa eõemdme). ]ras peras ma `resas sdhuab ab buastrn taxtn< ‛ekce y aspãrdtu–, ‛fnyubtures y tuätebns–, y ‛pabsecdabtns adbtabfdnbas–. ‛Ekce y aspãrdtu– raprasabteb buastres èfuktemas aspdrdtuekas? ‛fnyubtures y tuätebns– buastresfepefdmemas `ãsdfes, y ‛pabsecdabtns a dbtabfdnbas– buastres fepefdmemas cabtekas. Ab kes cebns mak Fdrulebn mdvdbn, keZekeire mak Mdns vdvn fnrte ak fåbfar ma buastres ekces. Fnrte e treväs mak ahnãscn y ak nrhukkn. Fnrte e treväs ma kegdpnfrasãe y ke pratabsdöb ma rakdhdnsdmem, y masbume ke bafasdmem qua tdaba buastre ekce ma ke hrefde trebs`nrcemnre maLasüs.

Ak pubtn fabtrek ma asta taxtn as qua ke Zekeire ma Mdns puama trebs`nrcer buastre beturekaze abtare. Hnidarbe femeespaftn ma ke vdme y ke fnbmufte gucebe< eftdtumas pafecdbnses, gåidtns kerhecabta asteikafdmns, y kes tabmabfdes tebtnfuktdvemes fncn garamemes gefde ak cek qua sa axtdabmab prnùbmecabta mabtrn ma ke trece ma buastrn sar. Ke hrefde asceynr y cås pnmarnse qua ak pafemn. Ak pnmar fraemnr qua `kuya e treväs ma ke Zekeire ma Mdns bns fecide pere sdacpra.

Gey veknr ab asfufger ak seidn fnbsaln gucebn. ]nmns gacns rafdidmn eyume ekhube vaz pnr ak fnbsaln ma buastrns

ecdhns. Vdb acierhn, ak fnbsaln gucebn bn tdaba ak pnmar ma feciderbns. Ke Zekeire ma Mdns, pnr ntrn kemn, as ub ehabtavdvn, mdbåcdfn y pnmarnsn pere ak fecidn. Ak cdscn pnmar qua asteie ab kes pekeires qua Mdns geikö ab ke fraefdöb aståab su Zekeire asfrdte. Fuebmn pnr à efaptecns kns cebmetns y kes prncases ma Mdns, rafdidcns tecidäb ak pnmar makAspãrdtu Vebtn. Esã qua ke Idikde bn snkn bns mdfa föcn vdvdr. Ek eirdr buastres cabtas e ke fnbmuffdöb mak Aspãrdtu Vebtn, akpnmar ma ke Zekeire fraemnre ma Mdns `kudrå ab buastres vdmes, fepefdtåbmnbns pere raekcabta fraar sus prncases y vdvdrbuastres vdmes ab ercnbãe fnb akkes.



Lasüs y ke ZekeireAk sufasn mak Zabtafnstäs fecidö mrecåtdfecabta e kns mdsfãpukns. Ebtas mak Zabtafnstäs, su lnvab à e cabumn

vefdkeie. Maspuäs mak Zabtafnstäs, are rnfe sökdme. Ak marrececdabtn mak Aspãrdtu Vebtn `nrtekafdö e kns mdsfãpukns `rabta eke npnsdfdöb qua nfurrdö cdabtres prnfkeceieb ak ecnr ma Lasüs y su hrefde. Ebtas mak Zabtafnstäs, Zamrn sa abfnhdö matacnr ab ak petdn mak sucn sefarmnta fuebmn Lasüs ùa kkavemn pere sar luzhemn, y bahö e Lasüs fnb ube cabtdre fnierma<‛Bn fnbnzfn ek gncira– (Cetan 90<89). Ab asa cncabtn, ke à ma Zamrn are `råhdk y vefdkebta. Zarn ab ak mãe maZabtafnstäs, Zamrn saõekö fnb pnmar ke avdmabfde mak Ebtdhun ]astecabtn ma qua Lasüs are ak Casães.

Fncpere tecidäb ke bahefdöb ma Zamrn ab ak petdn ebtas mak Zabtafnstäs fnb su raspuaste e kes eutnrdmemas lumães qua

treternb ma sdkabfder su vnz maspuäs ma asa mãe. Kas mafkerö vekdabtacabta< ‛Bn pnmacns maler ma mafdr kn qua gacns vdstny nãmn– (Gafgns =<9:). Ke prasabfde ma ke pkabdtum mak Aspãrdtu Vebtn ab äk gdzn tnme ke mdàrabfde. Fnb sus prnpdes ùarzes, bn pnmãe vabfar kes ertares trates mak abacdhn. Zarn fnb ke `nrtekaze ma Lasüs, ̀ ua cås qua pez ak vdvdr pere Mdns.

Ak epöstnk Zeikn nrö pere qua kns aàsdns pumdareb tabar ak pnmar mak Aspãrdtu Vebtn< ‛pere qua ns mä, fnb`nrca e kesrdquazes ma su hknrde, ak sar `nrtekafdmns fnb pnmar ab ak gncira dbtardnr pnr su Aspãrdtu– (Aàsdns 6<50).

Ke à tnce ke prncase mak Aspãrdtu Vebtn fncn ube raekdmem mdvdbe. Fraa ke prncase ma qua Frdstn ntnrheråeiubmebtacabta su Aspãrdtu Vebtn. Ab raekdmem, ‛ke à qua bns fepefdte pere rafdidr kns mnbas ma Mdns, as ab sã cdsce ubmnb mak fuek sa dcperta ube pnrfdöb e feme sar gucebn. Eucabte e camdme qua sa ke use pere esdcdker ke Zekeire ma Mdns.E `db ma `nrtekafar ke à maiacns pnbarke e cabumn ab fnbteftn fnb ke Zekeire– (Ke amufefdöb, pp. 916,91=). Ekfnbtacpker e Lasüs pnr camdn ma su Zekeire, ak Aspãrdtu qua dbspdrö ke Zekeire eucabte buastre à (var Yncebns 5:<58).

Fdartecabta, ‛ke à sdhbd`dfe fnb`der ab Mdns, fraar qua bns ece y seia calnr quä as kn qua bns fnbvdaba. Znr asn bnsdbmufa e asfnhar su fecdbn ab kuher mak buastrn. Ab kuher ma buastre dhbnrebfde, efapte su seidmurãe? ab vaz ma buastre

maidkdmem, su ùarze? ab vaz ma buastre pafecdbnsdmem, su lustdfde. Buastre vdme, bnsntrns cdscns, ye sncns suyns? ke àrafnbnfa su marafgn ma prnpdamem, y efapte su iabmdfdöb. Ke varmem, ke lustdfde y ke puraze geb sdmn saõekemes fncn knssafratns mak äxdtn ab ke vdme. As ke à ke qua bns pnba ab pnsasdöb ma astns prdbfd pdns– (Ke amufefdöb, p. 916).

Ke à as fraar qua Mdns bns ece y sdacpra pdabse ab buastrn idab. Znr camdn ma ke à ak Aspãrdtu Vebtn bns fnbmufa perefepter ke cehbdtum mak mnb ma ke hrefde n`rafdme teb kdiracabta ab ak Fekverdn. Znr camdn ma ke à rafdidcns ùarzeaspdrdtuek pere rasdstdr kes tabtefdnbas mak cekdhbn. Znr camdn ma ke à rafdidcns pnmar pere tastd`dfer. Znr camdn ma ke à sabns cntdve pere gefar kn qua Lasüs bns pdma y niamafar kn qua äk bns nrmabe. Ke à tnce kes prncases ma Mdns y fraa quaùarnb mastdbemes e bnsntrns.

Ab Zabtafnstäs, kns mdsfãpukns ‛axtabmãeb cås y cås ke cebn ma ke à– y ‛ieln ke nire mak Aspãrdtu Vebtn, eub kns cåsmäidkas, alarfdabmn à ab Mdns, eprabmãeb e maserrnkker kes èfuktemas qua kas geiãeb sdmn fnb`demes y kkahernb e sarsebtd`dfemns, ra`dbemns y abbnikafdmns– (Kns gafgns ma kns epöstnkas, pp. 94,=5). Aste axpardabfde tecidäb puama sar kebuastre. Ak Aspãrdtu Vebtn ebsde prnùbmdzer y eucabter buastre ̀ a.

Equã gey tras `nrces pråftdfes pere eucabter tu à. Zrdcarn, aspare qua ak Aspãrdtu Vebtn eucabta tu à ek astumder keZekeire ma Mdns. Eprnxãceta ek astumdn ma ke Idikde fnb ub sabtdmn ma axpaftetdve. Fraa qua ak Aspãrdtu qua dbspdrö ke Idikdegerå fecidns cdkehrnsns ab tu vdme cdabtres parsdstas ab astumder ke Zekeire. (Par 9 Zamrn 5<6, =.)

Vahubmn, epkdfe ke Zekeire ma Mdns e tu vdme. Zere rafdidr ak iaba`dfdn mak astumdn ma ke Idikde, maiacns epkdferke ebuastres vdmes dbmdvdmuekcabta. Znbta ab ke gdstnrde. ¾Uuä kaffdnbas ta ravake ak Aspãrdtu Vebtn ab ak taxtn ma kesAsfrdtures> ¾Uuä vdskucira pere ke vdme mderde ta astå cnstrebmn> ¾Uuä fnbvdffdnbas trea e tu cabta>

]arfarn, eftüe fnb ‛ke camdme ma à– qua Mdns ye pusn ab tu fnrezöb. Cdre cås ekkå ma kes fdrfubstebfdes eftuekas ma tuvdme, e kes iabmdfdnbas qua Mdns tdaba pere td ab ak ùturn farfebn. Vd ak Aspãrdtu Vebtn ta dcprasdnbe pere qua gehes ekhn,gezkn frayabmn qua sarås rafncpabsemn rdfecabta ek eftuer ab iesa e su Zekeire.

Buastre axpardabfde aspdrdtuek sa raevdve fuebmn efaptecns kes prncases qua gey ab ke Zekeire ma Mdns, y kesrafkececns. Gey pnfn iaba`dfdn ab ube kafture eprasureme ma ke Idikde pnr ub sabtdmn ma nikdhefdöb n maiar. Vncns

trebs`nrcemns fuebmn dbtarbekdzecns kn qua kaacns y parcdtdcns qua kes absaõebzes ma ke Idikde cnkmaab buastrnspabsecdabtns y mab `nrce e buastres vdmes.

Ke Zekeire ma Mdns me tastdcnbdn ma Lasüs. (Par, pnr alacpkn, Lueb 1<64? 51<90? 50<5=, 51.) Ak Aspãrdtu Vebtn tecidäb metastdcnbdn ma Lasüs. Ak Aspãrdtu bns kkave e ube axpardabfde cås prnùbme fnb Lasüs fuebmn kaacns su Zekeire. Ak prnpösdtnmak Aspãrdtu Vebtn bn as prdbfdpekcabta cebdàstersa camdebta saõekas y cerevdkkes snirabeturekas? cås idab, as axekter eLasüs pnr camdn ma su Zekeire. Ak pubtn bn snb kns hrebmas cdkehrns qua bnsntrns pnmacns gefar. Ak pubtn as ak pnmar ma

Lasüs pere trebs`nrcer kes vdmes. Lasüs mafkerö< ‛Ak aspãrdtu as ak qua me vdme? ke ferba pere beme eprnvafge? kes pekeiresqua yn ns ga geikemn snb aspãrdtu y snb vdme– (Lueb 0<06). Ak fkern sdhbd`dfemn ma ke mafkerefdöb ma Lasüs as qua ak pnmar makAspãrdtu Vebtn `kuya pnr camdn ma su Zekeire pere trearbns vdme aspdrdtuek.

Ak varmemarn raevdvecdabtn

¾Uuä kuher tdaba ke varmem ab ak raevdvecdabtn> ¾Fuåk as ak ma buastre axpardabfde> ¾Ma quä cnmn sa rakefdnbe akraevdvecdabtn fnb buastrns sabtdcdabtns y acnfdnbas>

Ke gdstnrde ma ke eperdfdöb ma Lasüs e kns mns mdsfãpukns ab ak fecdbn e Aceüs ravake ak kuher qua tdaba ke Idikde abprnmufdr ak varmemarn raevdvecdabtn ab kns fnreznbas ma kns sahudmnras ma Frdstn. Asns mns mdsfãpukns asteieb kkabns mafnbùsdöb. Asteieb parpkalns fnb raspaftn ek ùturn, y sus fnreznbas asteieb turiemns. Fuebmn Lasüs sa kas ubdö ab su



vdela, akkns bn bnternb qudäb are äk. Kuahn, hremuekcabta, ‛kas mafkereie ab tnmes kes Asfrdtures, kn qua ma äk mafãeb– (Kufes9=<98).

Lasüs pumn geiar niremn ub cdkehrn pere macnstrer su dmabtdmem, parn bn kn gdzn. Znmrãe geiarkas cnstremn kesfdfetrdfas ab sus cebns teb prnbtn fncn fncabzö e fecdber fnb akkns, parn bn kn gdzn. Ab fecidn, kas mdn ub astumdniãikdfn snira kes prnàfães.

Bnte kn qua astns mns mdsfãpukns mdlarnb fuebmn ra`kaxdnbernb snira kn qua geiãe sufamdmn asa mãe< ‛Va mafãeb ak ubn ekntrn< ¾Bn ermãe buastrn fnrezöb ab bnsntrns, cdabtres bns geikeie ab ak fecdbn, y fuebmn bns eirãe kes Asfrdtures>– (Kufes9=<69).

¡Uuä alacpkn ma raevdvecdabtn habudbn! Lasüs epakö e astns mdsfãpukns snira ke iesa ma kes Asfrdtures. Vus fnreznbas

ermãeb mabtrn ma akkns, y vnkvdarnb råpdmecabta e Larusekäb pere fnbter su gdstnrde, ekeiebmn e Mdns ab tnmn ak fecdbn. Vuaxpardabfde asteie ebfkeme ab ke Zekeire ma Mdns.

Vd quaracns ub raevdvecdabtn ab buastrns mães, maiacns maler ma mer axfuses y kkaber buastres cabtas fnb ke Zekeire. Qbe ma kes

fnbmdfdnbas mak Fdakn pere ak raevdvecdabtn as fncprncatarbns e vdvdr ube vdme ieseme ab sus prdbfdpdns.

Fncprabmar calnr ke IdikdeEquã gey tras prdbfdpdns dbspdremns pnr ak Aspãrdtu qua trebs`nrcerå tu astumdn ma ke Idikde. Zrdcarn, efärfeta e ke Idikde

fnb ub sabtdmn tebtn ma ravarabfde fncn ma abtusdescn. Ke Idikde as ub mnb ma Mdns, y ak cdscn Aspãrdtu Vebtn qua dbspdröke Idikde nrdhdbekcabta, ta dbspdrerå fuebmn ke kaes. Pab e ke Zekeire ma Mdns fnb ub sabtdmn ma axpaftetdve, frayabmn qua äkta geikerå pnr camdn ma su Aspãrdtu Vebtn ek kaar su Zekeire. (Par 9 ]dcntan 6<50? 9 Zamrn 5<95? Lueb 0<06.)

Vahubmn, ab ak `rabätdfn rdtcn ma ke vdme ab buastrn sdhkn vadbtdubn, ak prnàte Dseães bns rafuarme< ‛Esã mdln Lagnvå ak

Vaõnr, ak Vebtn ma Dsreak< Ab masfebsn y ab rapnsn saräds sekvns? ab qudatum y ab fnb`debze sarå vuastre `nrtekaze– (Dseães6:<51). Zerafa qua ab astns mães eknfemns, ke habudbe camdtefdöb frdstdebe ab ke Zekeire ma Mdns astå kkahebmn e sar ub ertaparmdmn. Eirdr ra`kaxdvecabta ke Zekeire ma Mdns, kayabmn ubns pnfns varsãfukns, camdtebmn ab su ecnr, fnbtacpkebmn suferåftar, y ra`kaxdnbebmn snira su hrebmaze trebs`nrce ke vdme. Ak Aspãrdtu Vebtn bns geike ab asns cncabtns ma qudatum.

Znr quä bn tncer ubns cncabtns trebqudkns gny pere eirdr tu Idikde, pdmdabmn e Mdns qua ta geika pnr camdn ma suZekeire, kayabmn ubns pnfns varsãfukns, camdtebmn ab kn qua Mdns ta mdfa, y parcdtdabmn qua äk ta geika. Fuebmn gehes makastumdn ma ke Idikde fnb nrefdöb ub gåidtn pnr ak rastn ma tu vdme, tu vdme feciderå. Abtnbfas, ke esncirnse prncase quasdhua eieln, ma ke cabselare ma Mdns pere su dhkasde mak tdacpn mak `db, sa fucpkdrå ab tu vdme. Akke asfrdidö qua ab kesprncases ma ke Zekeire ma Mdns, ‛bns geike e feme ubn ab pertdfuker, y ma ub cnmn teb mdraftn fncn sd pumdärecns nãr suvnz. Znr camdn ma astes prncases Frdstn bns fncubdfe su hrefde y pnmar. Vnb gnles ma asa årink qua snb ‗pere ke sebdmemma kes befdnbas— (Epnfekdpsds 99<9). Yafdidmes y esdcdkemes, saråb ke `nrtekaze mak feråftar, ke dbspdrefdöb y ak snstäb ab ke

vdme. Beme tdaba tek vdrtum furetdve. Bdbhube ntre fnse puama dcpertdrbns ak veknr y ke à qua meb abarhãe vdtek e tnmn ak sar–(Ak cdbdstardn ma furefdöb, p. 71).

FEZÃ]QKN =

]astd`dfefdöb y sarvdfdn<ke pesdöbmak raevdvecdabtn

k raevdvecdabtn maia sar ube perta parcebabta ma ke lnrbeme aspdrdtuek ma feme frdstdebn. Asn sdhbd`dfe quamaiacns rabnver buastrn fncprncdsn fnb Lasüs feme mãe. Gefarkn bns kkave e ube axpardabfde cås prnùbme ab kenrefdöb, e ub astumdn cås mdkdhabta ma ke Zekeire ma Mdns, y e ube vdme ma sarvdfdn y tastd`dfefdöb.

Znfn ebtas ma su cuarta, Lasüs nrö< ‛T aste as ke vdme atarbe< qua ta fnbnzfeb e td, ak übdfn Mdns varmemarn, y eLasufrdstn, e qudab ges abvdemn– (Lueb 58<6). Ak raevdvecdabtn tdaba qua var fnb fnbnfar e Lasüs ãbtdcecabta, tabar ubefncubdöb fnb äk. Kns raevdvecdabtns habudbns maspdarteb buastrns fnreznbas e su inbmem, su fncpesdöb, su parmöb y supnmar.

A



T fuebmn astecns feutdvemns pnr ak ecnr ma Lasüs y trebs`nrcemns pnr su hrefde, bn pnmracns quamer ab sdkabfdn. Akecnr ma Lasüs masinrmerå ma buastres vdmes e kes vdmes ma ntrns. Ek fncpertdr su ecnr fnb akkns, bnsntrns cdscns saracnsetreãmns cås farfe ma äk, y cås fncpertdracns su ecnr, cås kn eceracns. Esã, ke cdsdöb bn as snkn ke cate mak raevd-vecdabtn? tecidäb as ak camdn mak raevdvecdabtn. ‛Mdns pnmrãe geiar ekfebzemn su nilatn ma sekver e kns pafemnras, sdbbuastre eyume? parn e `db ma qua pnmecns maserrnkker ub feråftar fncn ak ma Frdstn, maiacns pertdfdper ab su nire. E `dbma abtrer ab su hnzn -ak hnzn ma var ekces ramdcdmes pnr su sefrd`dfdn-, maiacns pertdfdper ma sus keinraas e èvnr ma suramabfdöb– (Ak Masaemn ma tnmes kes habtas, p. 550).

Ma gafgn, fuebmn ke dhkasde male ma pnbar su prdnrdmem ab sekver ekces, cuara aspdrdtuekcabta. ‛Ke cdsce vdme ma kedhkasde mapabma ma su `dmakdmem ab fucpkdr ak cebmetn mak Vaõnr. Masfudmer aste nire as axpnbarsa fnb sahurdmem e ke

maidkdmem y mafemabfde aspdrdtuekas. Mnbma bn gey keinr eftdve pnr kns macås, sa masvebafa ak ecnr, y sa acpeõe ke à– (AkMasaemn ma tnmes kes habtas, p. 801).

Ke hreb prncaseDcehãbeta kn qua maiab geiar pabsemn kns mdsfãpukns fuebmn Lasüs kas mdln< ‛Dm e tnmn ak cubmn y pramdfem ak avebhakdn

e tnme frdeture– (Cerfns 50<51). Ke terae maidö perafarkas eirucemnre, dcpnsdika ma raekdzer. ¾Föcn pnmrãe ub hrupn tebpaquaõn tabar ekhüb dcpeftn ab ak pnmarnsn Dcpardn Yncebn> Kns mdsfãpukns ma Lasüs maiab geiarsa prahubtemn sd areeub racntecabta pnsdika qua akkns raekdzereb kn qua Lasüs kas geiãe nrmabemn gefar.

E`nrtubemecabta, aste ‛hreb fncdsdöb– astå efncpeõeme pnr ube hreb prncase. Ebtas qua Lasüs kas mdlare< ‛Gefammdsfãpukns e tnmes kes befdnbas–, äk mdln< ‛]nme pntastem ca as meme ab ak Fdakn y ab ke ]darre– (Cetan 97<57, 54). Ak kdirn maGafgns bns mdfa qua lustn ebtas ma malerkns, tecidäb kas prncatdö< ‛Yafdidräds pnmar, fuebmn geye vabdmn snira vnsntrnsak Aspãrdtu Vebtn, y ca saräds tastdhns ab Larusekäb, ab tnme Lumae, ab Vecerde, y geste kn üktdcn ma ke ]darre– (Gafgns 5<7) .Ke hreb fncdsdöb geiãe ma raekdzersa snkn fnb ak pnmar ma Lasüs. Kns mdsfãpukns geiãeb ma tastd`dfer fnb ke `nrtekaze ma äk, bnfnb ke suye prnpde. Geirãeb ma sekdr kkabns mak Aspãrdtu, fnb ak pnmar mak Aspãrdtu, y hudemns pnr ak Aspãrdtu. Ke prasabfde y akpnmar mak Aspãrdtu Vebtn ab sus vdmes kas merãeb äxdtn.

Kn qua gefa ke tastd`dfefdöbKe nrefdöb, sdb ke fnbfabtrefdöb ab ke tastd`dfefdöb, puama fnbmufdr e ub èbetdscn fabtremn ab sã cdscn. Ak astumdn ma

ke Idikde sdb ke sekdme qua prnvaa ke tastd`dfefdöb puama kkaver e ub `nrcekdscn ma lustdfde prnpde. Kns èrdsans nreieb yastumdeieb ke Idikde murebta gnres feme mãe, parn fnbmabernb e cuarta e Lasüs. ¾Znr quä> Gey ube rezöb sabfdkke. Vusvdmes fabtremes ab sã cdsces tabãeb pnfn aspefdn pere ub Casães eibahemn.

Ke tastd`dfefdöb gefa cnrdr ek ahnãscn. Ak prnpösdtn ùbmecabtek ma ke nrefdöb y ak astumdn ma ke Idikde as efarferbns eLasüs pere qua puame fnb`derbns ak pnmar mak Aspãrdtu Vebtn. Mdns bn marrecerå ke kkuvde termãe pere eferdfder buastrnsahns. Bn ke kdiarerå pere trebs`nrcer e àkdhrasas fncpkefdabtas ab tastdhns epesdnbemns. As ke nire ma ke kkuvde tacprebemak Aspãrdtu fnbvabfarbns ma pafemn, prnùbmdzer buastre rakefdöb fnb Lasüs, `nrtekafarbns pere e`rnbter ke tabtefdöb, yranrmaber buastres prdnrdmemas pere ke tastd`dfefdöb. Ak pnstardnr marrececdabtn mak Aspãrdtu sa iese snira ak ùbmecabtnqua ak prdcar marrececdabtn ge prnvdstn. Fncpkate ke nire ma ke hrefde ma Mdns ab buastres vdmes y ab ak cubmn.

Va bns efnbsale qua ‛übdfecabta kns qua astäb rafdidabmn fnbstebtacabta buave prnvdsdöb ma hrefde, tabmråb ubeùarze prnpnrfdnbek e su bafasdmem mderde y e su fepefdmem ma acpkaerke. _...S Va abtraheb mderdecabta e Mdns, pere qua knsgehe vesns mdhbns ma sar acpkaemns pnr äk. Mderdecabta aståb eprnvafgebmn kes npnrtubdmemas ma sarvdr qua aståb e suekfebfa. Mderdecabta aståb tastd`dfebmn pnr ak Ceastrn mnbmaqudare qua astäb– (Kns gafgns ma kns epöstnkas, pp. =1, =0).

Zere aster sebns, maiacns gefar alarfdfdns rahukercabta. Fuebmn masfudmecns kns alarfdfdns, buastrn sdstace dbcubasa maidkdte, y quamecns cås susfaptdikas e ke abàrcamem. Ekhn sdcdker bns sufama aspdrdtuekcabta fuebmn bn alarfdtecns

buastre à camdebta ke tastd`dfefdöb. Ak mdfgn ma Lasüs ma qua ‛as cås idabevabturemn mer qua rafdidr– sa fucpka abbuastres vdmes aspdrdtuekas (Gafgns 9:<61). Fuebmn fncpertdcns ke Zekeire ma Mdns fnb ntrns, frafacns aspdrdtuekcabta.Fuebmn fncpertdcns buastre à, akke eucabte y sa `nrtekafa.

]astd`dfer as ke sueva irdse qua evdve kes fgdspes mak raevdvecdabtn geste sar kkeces pabtafnstekas. Fuebmn ubraevdvecdabtn ma ke nrefdöb y ak astumdn ma ke Idikde bn astå efncpeõemn pnr ube vdme ma tastd`dfefdöb y sarvdfdn, ke kkecevefdkerå y kes ireses prnbtn sa ab`rderåb. Fuebmn bn tastd`dfecns, buastre axpardabfde aspdrdtuek mahabare geste sar ube`nrce `rãe y sdb vdme. ‛Gefdabmn ke nire ma Frdstn as fncn ke dhkasde tdaba ke prncase ma su prasabfde. _...S Ke cdsce vdme make dhkasde mapabma ma su `dmakdmem ab fucpkdr ak cebmetn mak Vaõnr. Masfudmer aste nire as axpnbarsa fnb sahurdmem e kemaidkdmem y mafemabfde aspdrdtuekas. Mnbma bn gey keinr eftdve pnr kns macås, sa masvebafa ak ecnr, y sa acpeõe ke à– (Ak

Masaemn ma tnmes kes habtas, p. 801).Ab ak epnsabtn ektn, kns mdsfãpukns sa fncprncatdarnb e kkaver ak avebhakdn ek cubmn. Zusdarnb e ub kemn sus ehabmes

parsnbekas ma cnmn qua pumdareb fnbfabtrer sus asùarzns ab ke ehabme ma Frdstn. Yabubfdernb e sus pkebas parsnbekasma cnmn qua pumdareb raekdzer ak hreb pkeb ma Frdstn. Abtrahernb sus prnpdes ecidfdnbas ma cnmn qua pumdareb gefarprnhraser ke ecidfdöb ma Frdstn ma ramdcdr e ke reze gucebe. Qb masan eisnridö tnmns kns macås< fucpkdr ke fncdsdöb maFrdstn ek prnfkecer ak avebhakdn ek cubmn.



Dcehãbeta aste asfabeKe Asfrdture bns mdfa kn qua sufamdö ab ke ]darre ab asns mães ebtardnras e ke esfabsdöb ma Lasüs. Fnbsdmare föcn geirå

sdmn ke asfabe fuebmn Lasüs kkahö ek Fdakn. Mdaz cdk vafas mdaz cdk åbhakas ka mdarnb ke idabvabdme. Ke etcösàre are ma hnzny fakairefdöb. ]nme ke guasta fakastdek febtö ak cerevdkknsn gdcbn ma ekeiebze qua sa abfuabtre ab Epnfekdpsds 1< ‛AkFnrmarn qua ùa dbcnkemn as mdhbn ma tncer ak pnmar, kes rdquazes, ke seidmurãe, ke `nrtekaze, ke gnbre, ke hknrde y keekeiebze– (varsãfukn 59).

Ab cd dcehdbefdöb, van ek pnmarnsn åbhak Heirdak qua sa efarfe e Lasüs. ‖Vaõnr ‖ka mdfa ‖, tü su`rdsta cufgn, curdabmn pnr kns pafemns ma ke gucebdmem. ]u cuarta prnpnrfdnbö vdme atarbe e

tnmns kns qua ke efaptab. ¾Veiab astn tnmns kns qua aståb ab ke ]darre> ¾Geb asfufgemn tnmns ma tu hreb sefrd`dfdn> ‖Bn, Heirdak, bn tnmns kn geb nãmn ‖rapkdfe ak Vekvemnr ‖? snkn ub puõemn ma parsnbes ab Larusekäb y Hekdkae seiab astn. ‖Iuabn, Ceastrn ‖sdhua Heirdak ‖, ¾fuåk as tu pkeb pere db`nrcer e tnmns ma tu hreb ecnr> ‖Ga fncdsdnbemn e cds sahudmnras ‖raspnbma ak Ceastrn ‖ pere qua kkavab ak cabsela ma sekvefdöb e tnmn ak cubmn.

Kas mdla qua kn fuabtab e ntrns, qudabas e su vaz, sa kn fnbteråb e ntrns, geste qua ke üktdce parsnbe, ab ak rdbföb cåsekalemn, geye nãmn ke gdstnrde.

Ak rnstrn ma Heirdak sa macume. Pa kn qua pnmrãe sar ube èkke ab ak pkeb mak Ceastrn, ma cnmn qua prahubte< ‖¾Uuä peserãe sd Zamrn sa febse ma fnbter e ntrns ke gdstnrde ma ke fruz, y sa vuakva e pasfer> ¾Uuä peserãe sd Vebtdehn,

Lueb y Ebmräs sa ubab fnb äk, y Cetan rahrase e su puastn ma rafnkaftnr ma dcpuastns ab Feparbeüc, y tnmns kns macåspdarmab ak fakn y maleb ma geiker ma tu sefrd`dfdn> N ¾quä peserãe sd astns mdsfãpukns cuarab ebtas qua ke terae sa fncpkata,y tu dhkasde sa vuakve hrebma y föcnme, y kns fnreznbas ma tu puaikn ye bn ermeb pere fnbter ke dbfraãika gdstnrde ma tuecnr> ¾Fuåk as tu pkeb ma acarhabfde>

Gey ube kerhe peuse, y kuahn sa nya ke vnz mak Vaõnr Lasüs< ‖Heirdak, bn tabhn ntrn pkeb.Znr supuastn, aste asfabe as dcehdberde, parn ke kaffdöb qua absaõe as varmemare pere feme habarefdöb. Frdstn bns ge

memn ke terae, ak prdvdkahdn, ma fncubdfer ak avebhakdn e ke habta ma asta cubmn. Bn tdaba ntrn pkeb.

Ak pemra ma kes cdsdnbas cnmarbesHudkkarcn Feray, ak pemra ma kes cdsdnbas cnmarbes, ùa kkecemn pnr Mdns pere dr e ke Dbmde fuebmn tabãe pnfn cås ma

vadbta eõns. Fncn lnvab pestnr ma ube paquaõe dhkasde ieutdste ab Cnutnb, Dbhketarre, dbtabtö parsuemdr e sus supardnrasqua maiarãeb nfupersa ma ke avebhakdzefdöb cubmdek. Ka mdlarnb< ‛Vdäbteta, lnvabfdtn, y raspate kes npdbdnbas ma tusceynras. Vd ak Vaõnr qudara fnbvartdr e kns pehebns, äk kn gerå sdb tu eyume–.

Zarn Feray sa meie fuabte ma qua Lasüs bns geiãe fncdsdnbemn e tnmns e dr. Lasüs bn bns mdln qua pnmacns quamerbnsab kns föcnmns iebfns ma buastres dhkasdes y frdtdferbns cutuecabta. ]abacns ube gdstnrde qua fnbter. Qbe cdsdöb quafucpkdr. Qb cabsela qua fncpertdr. T Frdstn bns ge memn tnmn kn qua bafasdtecns pere pnmar fncpertdr su varmem ab astegnre ma frdsds ma ke gdstnrde ma ke ]darre. Pecns fnb su `nrtekaze, bn ke buastre. Pecns fnb su eutnrdmem. Äk bns me keseidmurãe, ke ùarze y ak veknr.

Lasüs trdub`ö snira kes ùarzes mak cek. Bn gey sdtuefdöb macesdemn md`ãfdk pere äk. Fuebmn efaptecns su fncdsdöb ytastd`dfecns pnr äk, varacns cdkehrns, pnrqua äk as ak Mdns ma kns cdkehrns. Äk maspkaherå su pnmar pnr buastrn dbtarcamdn.‛Frdstn _mdnS su cebmetn e sus mdsfãpukns. Zrnvayö ecpkdecabta pere ke prnsafufdöb ma ke nire y tncö snira sã keraspnbseidkdmem ma su äxdtn. Cdabtres akkns niamafdasab su pekeire y treielesab ab rakefdöb fnb äk, bn pnmrãeb `refeser– (Ak

Masaemn ma tnmes kes habtas, p. 805).Lasüs tecidäb eirdrå puartes pere bnsntrns. Fuebmn fncpertdcns su ecnr y varmem fnb ntrns, vecns fnb su eutnrdmem,

fnb su pnmar y su prasabfde. Äk mafkerö< ‛Tn astny fnb vnsntrns tnmns kns mães, geste ak `db mak cubmn– (Cetan 97<9:).

Fuebmn fncpertas e Lasüs fnb ub fnkahe ab ak treieln, Lasüs astå e tu kemn. Fuebmn mdstrdiuyas puikdfefdnbas ma fese abfese, Lasüs astå fnbtdhn. Fuebmn mes astumdns iãikdfns n mdrdhas ekhüb prnhrece ma sekum n ma vdme ècdkder, ekhübcdbdstardn lnvab n ma bdõns, äk astå ekkã pere eyumerta.

Qbe asfabe dbnkvdmeikaFuebmn are bdõn, cd pemra e cabumn bns kkaveie ma buastrn gnher ab ak sur ma Fnbbaftdfut (AA.QQ.) e ke fdumem ma

Buave Tnro pere vdsdter kns vafdbmerdns mnbma äk geiãe vdvdmn fuebmn are bdõn. Astns kuheras asteieb ab ke sebhra ma cdpemra, y äk quarãe qua sus gdlns abtabmdareb su garabfde. Vus gdstnrdes ab fuebtn e frafar ab ke fdumem areb tasnrns vekdnsnsab ke ècdkde, garabfde pere peser ma ube habarefdöb e ke sdhudabta.

Qb dbfdmabta qua nfurrdö ab ubn ma asns vdelas astå teb vdvdmn ab cd cacnrde fncn fuebmn sufamdö gefa cås mafuerabte eõns. Ab asta tdacpn, ke znbe ma ke fekka Inwary ma ke fdumem ma Buave Tnro are ub raùhdn pere parsnbes qua

useieb kdfnr pere asfeper ma ke raekdmem qua vdvãeb. Kns amd`dfdns ma mapertecabtns ma ekqudkar matardnremns, kns ierasnsfurns, y kes fekkas kkabes ma iesure geikeieb ma ke tråhdfe gdstnrde ma gnheras masgafgns, fuarpns quairebtemns y vdmeserrudbemes.

Ak dbfdmabta sufamdö ub fekurnsn mãe ma lukdn, ab ak varebn (mak gacdsàrdn bnrta) ma 5407. Cdabtres asparåiecns ke kuzvarma ab ub sacå`nrn, cdrä pnr ke vabtebdkke y pabsä ab kes vdmes ma asns gnciras ieriumns, fnb nlns vdmrdnsns, tdremns ab



ke varame airdns. Abtnbfas bntä qua ub gncira ma fere abrnlafdme fnb ube reãme fecdse e fuemrns sa efarfeie ab `nrcevefdkebta. Fuebmn kkahö farfe, mdln<

‖¾Znmrãe merka ub möker e ub gncira> ‖¾Qb möker pere qua äk pumdare fncprer ntrn trehn> ¡Bn! Zarn ¾fncdme> ¡Vã!Iusfecns ab ak eutn, y abfnbtrecns ekhn qua pnmrãe fnbsdmarersa ekhn ma fncar. Fuebmn sa kn pesä, pesö sus irezns

pnr ke vabtebdkke eidarte, y pusn sus cebns snira cd feiaze, y etreln cd rnstrn gefde sã. Ak nknr e ekfngnk ab su ekdabtn aretarrdika, parn ek cdrer asns nlns ezuk varmnsns kkabns ma sebhra, asfufgä qua mdln< ‛Hrefdes, Lasüs–, y sa mdn vuakte y tec-iekaebmn sa ekalö.

Masma asa mãe ca ga prahubtemn< Vd Lasüs astuvdare ab ak cubmn gny, ¾möbma asterãe> ¾Fuåk sarãe su prdnrdmem>

Ke Idikde bn male mumes< ke prdnrdmem ma Lasüs are ke habta. Ak Avebhakdn ma Cetan mdfa< ‛Yafnrrãe Lasüs tnmes kesfdumemas y ekmaes, absaõebmn ab kes sdbehnhes ma akkns, y pramdfebmn ak avebhakdn mak radbn, y sebebmn tnme abàrcamem ytnme mnkabfde ab ak puaikn– (Cetan 4<61).

Lasüs sa sucarhdö ab kes vdmes ma ke habta. Meie asparebze e kns masasparemns, pez e kns e`kdhdmns, parmöb e knsfukpeikas y pnmar e kns dbmaàbsns. Vu fnrezöb masinrmeie ma ecnr pnr kns hnkpaemns, gardmns y quairebtemns.

¾Ges kknremn ekhube vaz pnr ke pniraze ma kns bdõns qua bn snb kns tuyns, parn qua partabafab e Lasüs> ¾Va ge mnkdmn tufnrezöb ek var parsnbes qua vdvab vdmes guafes fnbsucdmes pnr ke everdfde> ¾Ges kknremn ekhube vaz kåhrdces mak ekce pnrkns cdkknbas qua vdvab ab kes fdumemas mak cubmn y qua treteb ma hebersa e mures pabes ube axdstabfde cdsareika parn quafuastdnbeb su sdhbd`dfemn>

Asfufger ak fnrezöb ma LasüsVd bns matabacns ak tdacpn su`dfdabta, pnmracns asfufger snkknzns, kns fkecnras ehnbdzebtas y sdbfarns ma Lasüs pnr ke

habta qua sa pdarma. ‛Buastrn cubmn as ub vestn kezeratn, ub asfaberdn ma cdsarde ek fuek bn bns etravacns e mamdfersdqudare buastrns pabsecdabtns. Vd bns mdärecns fuabte axefte ma kn qua as, ak pasn sarãe macesdemn epkestebta. Vdbacierhn, Mdns kn sdabta tnmn– (Ke amufefdöb, p. 90=). Ke Asfrdture mdfa< ‛Ab tnme ebhustde ma akkns äk ùa ebhustdemn– (Dseães06<4). Lasüs axpardcabtö ak mnknr mak pafemn ma asta cubmn ma cebares qua bubfe pnmracns dcehdber. Kes parsnbesparmdmes snb ak nilatn ma su ecnr. Ebsde qua ‛tnmns kns gnciras saeb sekvns y vabheb ek fnbnfdcdabtn ma ke varmem– (5]dcntan 9<=). Bn qudara ‛qua bdbhubn parazfe, sdbn qua tnmns prnfameb ek errapa btdcdabtn– (9 Zamrn 6<4).

Vd ke pranfupefdöb mak fnrezöb ma Lasüs bn as ke ferhe ma buastrns fnreznbas, ¾astecns fncpkatecabta abtrahemns eäk> Vd sncns fncpkefdabtas efarfe ma fncpertdr su ecnr fnb kes parsnbes parmdmes, ¾pnmacns e`drcer raekcabta quasncns sus mdsfãpukns>

Akabe ma Xgdta kn mdln idab< ‛Ke dhkasde as ak camdn saõekemn pnr Mdns pere ke sekvefdöb ma kns gnciras. @ua nrhebdzeme

pere sarvdr, y su cdsdöb as ke ma ebubfder ak Avebhakdn ek cubmn. Masma ak prdbfdpdn ùa ak pkeb ma Mdns qua su dhkasdera`kalesa ek cubmn su pkabdtum y su`dfdabfde. Kns cdacirns ma ke dhkasde, kns qua geb sdmn kkecemns ma kes tdbdaikes e su kuzemcdreika, geb ma ravaker su hknrde– (Kns gafgns ma kns epöstnkas, p. 4).

Ke cåxdce prdnrdmem ma buastrn Vaõnr as sekver e kes parsnbes, y bn gey prdvdkahdn ceynr n raspnbseidkdmem cås hrebma,qua pertdfdper fnb äk ab su nire ma ramdcdr e kns saras gucebns parmdmns.

Eubqua ke cdsdöb ma fncpertdr ak ecnr y ke varmem ma Lasüs fnb ak cubmn abtarn maia geiarkas perafdmn eirucemnree sus mdsfãpukns, kns rasuktemns ùarnb esncirnsns. Ke dhkasde frdstdebe frafdö ab `nrce axpknsdve. Va fnbvdrtdarnb mafabesma cdkas. T ak cabsela mak ecnr ma Lasüs ùa kkavemn e kes pertas cås racntes mak Dcpardn Yncebn. Znr ak eõn 55: mabuastre are Zkdbdn ak Cabnr, hniarbemnr rncebn ma ke prnvdbfde ma Idtdbde, ka asfrdidö ek acparemnr ]relebn. Masfrdiãe knqua äk gefãe pere abfnbtrer y elustdfder e kns frdstdebns, y kuahn mafkerö< ‛Cufgns ma tnme amem, ma tnme fkesa snfdek, eub maecins saxns, snb kkecemns e ludfdn y kn saråb tnmevãe. Bn snkn kes fdumemas sdbn kes ekmaes y eub kes rahdnbas rurekas gebsdmn dbvemdmes pnr ke dbàffdöb ma aste suparstdfdöb _ak frdstdebdscnS (Apdstnkea 5:.40).

Equã vacns qua ab kes pnfes habarefdnbas qua pesernb masma qua Lasüs mdn ke fncdsdöb avebhäkdfe, ak frdstdebdscngeiãe dbvemdmn fesd tnmns kns bdvakas ma ke snfdamem, eub ab ke racnte prnvdbfde ma Zkdbdn. Bnvabte eõns cås terma,]artukdebn, ub einhemn rncebn, sa vnkvdö frdstdebn, asfrdidö ube mase`debta ferte ab maàbse mak frdstdebdscn e knscehdstremns rncebns. Ab akke e`drceie qua ‛fesd tnmns kns fdumemebns ma tnmes kes fdumemas snb frdstdebns– ( Epnknhätdfes 68-7).

Ke gdstnrde mak kdirn ma kns Gafgns as ke gdstnrde ma ke dhkasde raevdveme fncprncatdme fnb ak tastdcnbdn pnr su Vaõnr. Akraevdvecdabtn aspdrdtuek sdacpra fnbmufa e ube tastd`dfefdöb epesdnbeme. Fncpertdr as ak rasuktemn beturek ma ube vdmetrebs`nrceme. Lasüs kas mdln e sus mdsfãpukns< ‛Pabdm ab pns ma cã, y ns gerä pasfemnras ma gnciras– (Cetan =<54). Fuebtncås ma farfe sdhecns e Lasüs, cås bns pranfuperacns ma kn qua äk sa pranfupe. Vd tabacns pnfn dbtaräs ab fncpertdr suecnr fnb ntrns, tek vaz asn sae avdmabfde ma qua kn sahudcns e fdarte mdstebfde y bafasdtecns ub raevdvecdabtn.

Ak `nrcekdscn rakdhdnsn male e ke habta aspdrdtuekcabta vefãe, y ke mnftrdbe snke bn trebs`nrce fnreznbas. Ak pnmar ma ke

tastd`dfefdöb mak Buavn ]astecabtn asteie erredhemn ab ke habudbdmem ma kes vdmes fecidemes pnr ak avebhakdn. Knsmdsfãpukns bn asteieb eftuebmn ube nire taetrek. Bn gefãeb carecabta kns cnvdcdabtns. Bn tabãeb epabes ubeaspdrdtuekdmem supar`dfdek. Qb abfuabtrn fnb ak Frdstn vdvdabta kns geiãe fecidemn, y bn pnmãeb parcebafar ab sdkabfdn.

Zeikn ravakö qua as ke tastd`dfefdöb fnb ak pnmar kn qua sa prasabte ab ak Buavn ]astecabtn. Mdln< ‛Znrqua ak ecnr maFrdstn bns fnbstrdõa– (9 Fnrdbtdns 1<5=). Ab ntres pekeires, astecns cntdvemns, dcpuksemns y acpulemns gefde makebta abbuastre tastd`dfefdöb pnr ak cerevdkknsn ecnr ma Lasüs, qua ge fecidemn buastres vdmes.



‛Buastre fnbàsdöb ma su `dmakdmem as ak èftnr asfnhdmn pnr ak Fdakn pere ravaker e Frdstn ek cubmn. Maiacns rafnbnfarsu hrefde fncn ùa meme e fnbnfar pnr kns sebtns ma ebteõn? parn kn qua sarå cås a`dfez as ak tastdcnbdn ma buastreprnpde axpardabfde. Vncns tastdhns ma Mdns cdabtres ravakecns ab bnsntrns cdscns ke nire ma ub pnmar mdvdbn– (Ak Masae-

mn ma tnmes kes habtas, p. 656).Qb frdstdebn qua fnbnfa e Lasüs parsnbekcabta merå ak tastdcnbdn cås pnmarnsn. Bn gey sustdtutn pere ak tastdcnbdn

qua irnte beturekcabta ma ub fnrezöb qua astå dbcarsn ab su ecnr. ¾Kas fuabtes e ntrns efarfe ma Lasüs y kn qua äk gegafgn pnr td>

FEZÃ]QKN 1

Niamdabfde<

Ak `rutnmak raevdvecdabtn

nb`rnbtemn fnb kns ceynras mase`ãns ma su vdme, Lasüs ùa ek Hatsacebã. Geiãe vdsdtemn equak epertemn guartn mankdvns qua cdreie gefde Larusekäb cufges vafas ebtas. Ekkã pnmãe aster snkn. Ekkã pnmãe vefder su ekce e su Zemrafakastdek. Kalns ma ke prasdöb y ak tucuktn ma kes cuktdtumas, äk pnmãe abtrer ab fncubdöb sdbfare fnb Mdns.Ase bnfga, qua asteie rapkate ma fnbsafuabfdes atarbes, äk feyö snira su rns-trn y fkecö< ‛Zemra cãn, sd as

pnsdika, pesa ma cã aste fnpe? parn bn sae fncn yn qudarn, sdbn fncn tü– (Cetan 90<64). Yafnbnfdabmn kns gnrrn¬ras qua

asteieb ma-kebta ma äk, Lasüs rnhö ek Zemra qua qudtere ke fnpe ma trdstaze y mnknr qua asteie e pubtn ma iaiar. Uuarãe, sdare pnsdika, avdter ke tredfdöb ma Lumes, ke seke mak trd-iubek ma Zdketn, kns ezntas rncebns, ke fnrnbe ma aspdbes y ke fruz.Lasüs bn tncö e ke kdhare ak su`rdcdabtn qua e`rnbteie. Ab Hatsacebã, sa mdn fuabte pkabecabta qua ak pafemn epkes¬terãesu vdme ab ke fnkdbe mak Fekverdn. Zarn `rabta e ube eb-hustde `ãsdfe, cabtek y acnfdnbek, Lasüs akdhdö gefar ke vnkubtem makZemra.

Vu nrefdöb ab ak Hatsacebã ravake ak prdbfdpdn hudemnr ma su vdme< ‛Bn sae fncn yn qudarn, sdbn fncn tü–. Asa prdbfdpdnare ak cebmecdabtn ma ke vdme ma Lasüs. Asteie fncprncatdmn pere gefar ke vnkubtem mak Zemra ab feme mafdsdöb quagdfdare. Ehremer e Mdns are su kace. Ke niamdabfde are ak `rutn ma su rakefdöb fnb Mdns.

Mevdm masfrdidö ab ub sekcn aste fnbfabtrefdöb sdbfare ma Lasüs. Ge¬ikebmn ab `nrce prn`ätdfe, pusn astes pekeires abkeidns mak Vekvemnr< Ak gefar tu vnkubtem, Mdns cãn, ca ge ehrememn, y tu kay astå ab camdn ma cd fnrezöb– (Vek. =:<7). Akeutnr ma Gairans rapdta ak cdscn ra`råb< Abtnbfas mdla< Ga equã qua v abhn, ng Mdns, pere gefar tu vnkubtem– (Gairans5:<8). Ak Aspãrdtu Vebtn kkavö ke cabta ma Frdstn e aster ab ercnbãe fnb ke vnkubtem ma su Zemra pnrqua Lasüs geiãe abtra-

hemn su prnpde vnkubtem y sa mamdfö e ehremer ek Zemra ab tnmn espaftn ma su vdme. Ke vdme ma Lasüs ùa ube vdme kkabe makAspãrdtu.

Ak Aspãrdtu Vebtn masacpaõö ub pepak prdbfdpek ab feme espaftn ma ke vdme ma Lasüs. Äk ùa ‛fnbfaidmn mak AspãrdtuVebtn– ab su befdcdabtn, y ‛Mdns kn ubhdö fnb ak Aspãrdtu Vebtn y fnb pnmar– ab su ieutdscn, fuebmn fncabzö sucdbdstardn püikdfn (var Cetan 5<57-9:? 6<50,58? Gafgns 5:<6=-67). Murebta tnme su vdme, Lasüs niamafdö ke vnkubtem ma suZemra (Lueb 7<94? Gairans 5:<8). Ke vdme kkabe mak Aspãrdtu Vebtn as ube vdme ma niamdabfde.

Ak qua tabãe ke `nrce n asabfde ma Mdns ‛sa maspnlö– (kdtarekcabta, ‛sa vefdö–) e sã cdscn ma sus prdvdkahdns yprarrnhetdves fncn dhuek ek Zemra, y kkahö e sar ub ‛sdarvn– (kdtarekcabta, ‛asfkevn–, @dkdpabsas 9<0, 8) - Ak muaõn ma tnmnkkahö e sar sdarvn n asfkevn pere tnmns.

¾Ma quä ùa asfkevn Lasüs> Pnkubterdecabta suinrmdbö su vnkubtem e ke mak Zemra. ‛Va gucdkkö e sã cdscn– y kkahö e sar‛niamdabta geste ke cuarta, y cuarta ma fruz– (varsãfukn 7).

Lasüs bns cuastre quä fkesa ma vdme puamab tabar kns saras gucebns fuebmn astecns kkabns fnb ak Aspãrdtu Vebtn. ]ekvdme astå fereftardzeme pnr ube niamdab-fde mdspuaste y ube sucdsdöb gucdkma e ke vnkubtem mak Zemra. T pnr fuebtnqudabas vdvab vdmes tekas snb fnbsucdmns pnr ak masan epesdnbemn ma var e ntrns sekvns ab ak radbn mak Zemra, sus vdmes samamdfeb e ke nrefdöb y ek sarvdfdn.

Niamafar ak cebmetn mak CeastrnLngb Oabbatg Hekiredtg ùa ub afnbncdste febemdabsa-astemnubdmab¬sa fuyns kdirns snira afnbncãe ùarnb iast-

F



sakkars masma kns eõns ma 541: geste kns ma 9:::. Hekiredtg fucpkdö ak pepak ma dbtakaftuek püikdfn ab esubtns maafnbncãe. Murebta su vdme, as pnsdika qua ùare fnbsdmaremn ak afnbncdste cås fnbnfdmn mak cubmn. Ka ùa fnbàrdme keCamekke ma ke Kdiartem ab 54=0 y ke Camekke Zrasd-mabfdek ma ke Kdiartem ab ak eõn 9::: pnr sus fnbtrdiufdnbas e kefncprabsdöb ma ke afnbncãe.

Ab su eutnidnhre`ãe, E Kdà db Nur ]dcas _Qbe vdme ab buastrn tdacpnS, Hek-iredtg raketö ub dbfdmabta qua ravake kemamdfefdöb ma Acdky Xdksnb, ak ece ma kke-vas ma su ècdkde. ‛Geiãe sdmn ub mãe ehntemnr–, asfrdidö, ‛y ka pamã e Acdky quara-tuvdare tnmes kes kkecemes taka`öbdfes cdabtres mnrcãe ube irava sdaste. Znfn maspuäs snbö ak takä`nbn. Ak prasdmabtaKybmnb Lngbsnb kn kkeceie masma ke Fese Ikebfe<

‛‖Zåsaca fnb Oab Hekiredtg. Geike Kybmnb Lngbsnb.

‛‖Astå murcdabmn, saõnr Zrasdmabta. Ca pdmdö qua bn kn parturiere.‛‖Iuabn, maspdärtakn. Uudarn geiker fnb äk.‛‖Bn, saõnr Zrasdmabta. Tn treieln pere äk, bn pere ustam ‖ùa ke ras¬puaste ma Acdky.‛Fuebmn kn kkecä ek prasdmabta _asfrdidö HekiredtgS, äk pnmãe md`dfuk¬tnsecabta fnbtrnker su pkefar. ‗Mãheka e ase cular

qua ke qudarn equã, ab ke Fese Ikebfe—, mdln Lngbsnb–.Ke kaektem dbquairebteika ma Acdky Xdksnb e Oabbatg Hekiredtg as cuy sdcdker ek fncprncdsn iesemn ab prdbfdpdns qua

Lasüs kas asteie absaõebmn e sus mdsfã-pukns ab Hatsacebã. Vdb acierhn, ùa ab ak epnsabtn ektn, ab Zabtafnstäs, qua knsmdsfãpukns fncabzernb e fncprabmar kn qua Lasüs kas asteie tretebmn ma ab-saõer. ‛Fncn ab prnfasdöb, pesö makebta maakkns ube asfabe tres ntre ma su ce-revdkknse vdme. Fuebmn camdteieb ab su vdme pure y sebte, sabtãeb qua bn geirãetreieln macesdemn murn, bd sefrd`dfdn macesdemn hrebma, fnb tek ma qua pumdasab etastdhuer fnb su vdme ke iakkaze makferåftar ma Frdstn– (Kns gafgns ma kns epöstn-kas, p. 6:).

Fuebmn kns mdsfãpukns iusfernb lubtns e Mdns ab ak epnsabtn ektn, sa fncprn-catdarnb ab gefarke vnkubtem mak Zemra.‛Frdstn kkabeie sus pabse¬cdabtns? su ni-latn are ak emakebtecdabtn ma su radbn. Ab cabta y feråftar geiãeb kkahemn e sarfncn su Ceastrn, y kns gnciras ‗kas rafnbnfãeb qua geiãeb astemn fnb Lasüs— (Gafgns =<56)– (Kns gafgns ma kns epöstnkas,p. 68).

Maspuäs ma Zabtafnstäs, Zamrn ùa ub gncira mdàrabta. Bn tacikö ma cdamn ebta kes efusefdnbas ma kns n`dfdekas maktacpkn, fncn guidare gafgn ebtas mak Zabtafnstäs. Fuebmn astns kãmaras rakdhdnsns kn fnb`rnb¬ternb y macebmernb quamalere ma pramdfer ab ak bncira ma Lasüs, äk kas raspnbmdö< ‛As bafaserdn niama -far e Mdns ebtas qua e kns gnciras–(Gafgns 1<94). Fncn su Ceastrn, Zamrn tabãe ube snke ecidfdöb suprace< gefar ke vnkubtem ma su Zemra fakastdek. Astn arefdartn ma feme ubn ma kns macås mdsfãpukns kkabns fnb ak Aspãrdtu. Asteieb mds-puastns e ab`rabter ke parsafufdöb, akabferfakecdabtn, y eub ke cuarta pnr feuse ma Frdstn.

¾Znr quä> Asteieb epesdnbemns pnr gefar ke vnkubtem ma Lasüs. Geiãeb puastn e ub kemn sus prnpdes ehabmesparsnbekas. Fnbnfar y niamafar e Lasüs are egnre kn qua fnbsdmareieb kn cås dcpnrtebta. Ke à qua fnbmufa e ke sucdsdöb

e ke vn-kubtem ma Lasüs tdaba ke prdnrdmem cåxdce ab ke vdme ma feme frdstdebn. ‛Ke sucd-sdöb qua Frdstn macebme, ke abtraheprnpde ma ke vnkubtem qua emcdta ke varmem ab su pnmar sebtd`dfemnr, qua tdacike e ke pekeire ma Mdns, snb prnmufdmns pnrke nire mak Aspãrdtu Vebtn. Maia geiar ube trebs`nrcefdöb mak sar abtarn< fnrezöb, aspãrdtu y feråftar _...S. Vnkecabta ab akekter mak sefrd`dfdn y ma ke cebn ma Mdns, puama ak gncira ahnãste y fnmdfdnsn rafdidr ke tae fakastdek qua ka ravake su prnpdedbfncpatabfde y qua kn fnbmufa e sncatarsa ek yuhn ma Frdstn e eprabmar su cebsamucira y gucdkmem– (Db GaevabkyZkefas, p. 960? perfdekcabta, ab Ab kuhe-ras fakastdekas, p. 967).

Ekhn bnteika sufamdö ab ak epnsabtn ektn. Ak Aspãrdtu Vebtn prnmuln ube prn-ùbme fnbvdffdöb ab feme ubn ma knsmdsfãpukns qua nreie. E ke kuz mak sefrd`dfdn atarbn ma Lasüs ab ke fruz, akkns rafnbnfdarnb qua su prnpdn fnc¬prncdsn aresu-par`dfdek. Fncprabmdarnb qua Mdns pamãe ube fnbsehrefdöb cufgn cås prnùbme. Zarfdidabmn ke pnfe prnùbmdmem masu abtrahe e ke feuse ma Frdstn, eirdarnb sus fnreznbas e ke nire mak Aspãrdtu Vebtn y fncprncatdarnb sus vdmes tntekcabtae gefar ke vnkubtem ma Mdns. Mdns egnre tabãe fnbmuftns kdiras pnr kns fuekas ma-rrecer su Aspãrdtu Vebtn.

Vd bns abtrahecns tntekcabta e ke vnkubtem ma Mdns, tecidäb asteracns pra-peremns pere rafdidr ak marrececdabtn

pkabn mak Aspãrdtu Vebtn. Ke kkuvde termãe sa marrecerå snkn snira kns qua geyeb rabmdmn sus fnreznbas fncpkatecabta eMdns, pere gefar su vnkubtem.

Qb alacpkn ma niamdabfde dbstebtåbaeBadk Certab, ub fnbnfdmn cdacirn mak hnidarbn irdtåbdfn, asteie hudebmn e ub hrupn ma sus emcdremnras pnr ak

amd`dfdn mak Zerkecabtn. Murebta ke vdsdte, ak hrupn sa abfnbtrö fnb Knrm Gedksgec, ak Knrm Feb¬fdkkar ma Dbhketarre. AkFebfdkkar Gedksgec vastãe tnmn ak ubd`nrca ma heke ma su ferhn, qua kn gefãe perafar ies-tebta dcpnbabta.

Gedksgec rafnbnfdö e Certab, su fnkahe y fncpeõarn ab ak Zerkecabtn, esã qua kn kkecö pnr su prdcar bncira< ‛¡Badk!–Ebta asn, tnmn ak hrupn ma vdsdtebtas ‖bn etravdäbmnsa e fuastdnber bd e masniamafar kn qua tncernb fncn ube nrmabrahde ‖ ma dbcamdetn sa pusdarnb ma rnmdkkes.

Kns vdsdtebtas, pnr supuastn geiãeb fnbùbmdmn ak bncira ‛Badk– fnb ke pekeire ‛errnmãkkabsa– (qua suabeb fesd dhuek abdbhkäs). Zarn su nia¬mdabfde dbstebtåbae e ube nrmab parfdidme dkustre ak pubtn. Bn vefdkernb bd mdsfutdarnb. Ab fecidn,

niamafdarnb ek dbstebta.Lasüs asteie teb fncprncatdmn ab gefar ke vnkubtem ma su Zemra qua efaptö sus cebmetns sdb rasarves. Bns dbvdte egefar kn cdscn.

¾]a astå fnbvabfdabmn ak Aspãrdtu Vebtn e rabmdr ekhn e Mdns egnre cdscn> ¾Gey ekhn qua eferdfdes qua Mdns ta kkece eeiebmnber> Ak cds¬cn Aspãrdtu Vebtn qua bns raevdve tecidäb bns merå ak pnmar pere gefar su vnkubtem.

Qb raevdvecdabtn habudbn sdacpra prnmufa niamdabfde. Kns aàftns mak raevd-vecdabtn snira ke habta qua kn rafdia



puama varsa ab kn qua sufamdö ab Hekas murebta kns eõns 54:= e 54:0. Aveb Yniarts y sus ecdhns asteieb ab kns üktdcnseõns ma su emnkasfabfde y prdcarns eõns ma kns vadbta ab asa tdacpn. Fncabzernb e nrer àrvdabtacabta pnr ubmarrececdabtn mak Aspãrdtu Vebtn. Dbtarfamdarnb pnr ntrns, astumdernb kes Asfrdtures, y fncpertdarnb su à. T Mdnsraspnbmdö sus nrefdnbas y marrecö su Aspãrdtu ab eiubmebfde. Ab sads casas guin fdab cdk fnbvarsdnbas ab ak paquaõnpeãs ma Hekas.

Kns rasuktemns ma asta raevdvecdabtn sa bnternb ab tnmn ak peãs. Mãe y bnfga ke habta kkabeie kes dhkasdes ma e cdkaspere nrer. Kns cdbarns åsparns y qua cek-mafãeb tnmn ak tdacpn sa trebs`nrcernb ab feiekkarns inbmemnsns y fnrtasas.Kns airdns sa vnkvdarnb snirdns. Kes prnstdtutes kkahernb e sar pures. Eub eàftö e kns feiekkdtns qua treieleieberres¬trebmn kns vehnbas ab kes cdbes ma feriöb< tuvda-rnb qua eprabmar kes buaves örmabas ma kns cdbarns, pnrqua akkns

ye bn useieb kes ebtdhues, ¡kkabes ma cekmdfdnbas!Fuebmn ke habta eira sus fnreznbas pere qua kns kkaba ak Aspãrdtu, asta bubfe kns male fncn areb ebtas. Kns fnbvabfa

ma pafemn, ravake ke ceh¬bd`dfabfde ma ub ecnr qua bn sa suakte, kns etrea e Lasüs, y kas me pnmar pere vdvdr vdmes niamdab-tas.

Pdmes trebs`nrcemesE vafas kns asfrdtnras iãikdfns sa sdbtdarnb cuy farfe ma Lasüs, y ab ntres nfe-sdnbas, bn. E vafas sus aspãrdtus sa

akaveieb ab äxtesds y sa makadteieb fnb ak hnzn ma su prasabfde. Ntres vafas, bn sa sabtãeb beme farfebns. Zarn akraevdvecdabtn bn fecide bafaserdecabta ke cebare ab qua ubn sa sdabta. Fecide kn qua ubn gefa. Buastrns sabtdcdabtnsbn snb ak `rutn mak raevdvecdabtn< kn as ke niamdabfde. Astn as avdmabta ab kes vdmes ma kns mdsfãpukns maspuäs makZabtafnstäs.

Fnbsdmare e Zamrn. Ak marrececdabtn mak Aspãrdtu Vebtn ab Zabtafnstäs gdzn ube mdàrabfde mrecåtdfe ab su vdme. Kntrebs`nrcö ma ub mdsfãpukn mäidk y vefd-kebta, ab ubn niamdabta y kkabn ma à. Lustn ebtas ma ke fruz, kns mdsfãpukns asteiebpranfupemns pnr ke pnsdfdöb qua tabmrãeb ab ak buavn radbn ma Lasüs (Cetan 9:<9:-97). Maspuäs mak Zabtafnstäs, susprdnrdmemas geiãeb fecidemn. Va fnb-fabtreieb ab ub cdbdstardn eibahe¬mn e ntrns. Egnre fncprabmãeb kn qua Lasüsqudsn mafdr fuebmn mdln qua maiacns eyumer e ke habta cås bafasdteme ma ke sn-fdamem (habta e qudab Lasüs kkecö susgarcebns y garcebes), fncn sd kn astuvdä-recns eyumebmn e äk (Cetan 91<=:). Kkabns fnb ak Aspãrdtu Vebtn, niamafdarnbke nrmab ma Lasüs ma ecersa ‛ubns e ntrns fncn yn ns ga ecemn (Lueb 51<59). Es ã, fuebmn kes vdumes ma ekhubns fnbvarsnshrdahns ùarnb masfudmemes ab ke mdstrd-iufdöb ma ekdcabtns, kns mdsfãpukns bn kes dhbnrernb. Bncirernb mdåfnbns pereetabmar sus bafasdmemas (Gafgns 0<5-8).

Ak aster kkabns mak Aspãrdtu Vebtn fnbmuln e kns mdsfãpukns e fudmer ma kns pniras y kns qua tabãeb masvabteles. Kns kkavö evdvdr vdmes eibahemes y pdemnses. Kns fnbmuln e ke niamdabfde eub fuebmn ase niamdabfde kas fnstere cufgn. ]nmns cabnsubn ma kns mdsfãpukns su`rdarnb ak certdrdn. @uarnb epamraemns, abferfake-mns, quacemns ab ke astefe, beu`rehernb ycufgn cås. Qb pnmar pnfn usuek ma errdie knhrö ub pnmar pnfn usuek eieln. E vafas ke ietekke aspdrdtuek are àrnz, parn

Lasüs, su Vekvemnr y Vaõnr, asteie e su kemn pere `nrtekafar su à.Ak mdåfnbn Astaieb as ntrn alacpkn ma ube parsnbe fuye vdme ùa trebs¬`nrceme ab ub prnùbmn fncprncdsn pere

gefar ke vnkubtem mak Zemra. Gafgns fepãtukn 8 rahdstre ak cehbã`dfn sarcöb qua äk pramdfö. Ab äk, insqualö ke gdstnrde maDsreak y sa ra`drdö e axpardabfdes ma Eiregec, Dseef, Lefni, Lnsä, Cndsäs, Mevdm y Vekncöb, cnstrebmn ke `dmakdmem ma Mdnsab fnbtresta fnb ke db`dmakdmem ma Dsreak. Astaieb fnbfkuyö su sarcöb efusebmn e kns kãmaras rakdhdnsns ma Dsreak ma asatdacpn, qua, ek rafgezer e Lasüs asteieb vdnkebmn ak peftn ma Mdns y rasdstdabmn ke db`kuabfde mak Aspãrdtu Vebtn ma ke cdscecebare ab qua ak Dsreak ebtdhun geiãe rafge¬zemn ke fnbmuffdöb ma Mdns.

Ak aster kkabn mak Aspãrdtu Vebtn kkavö e Astaieb e cdbdstrer ab `nrce eibaheme e kes vdumes cerhdbemes y eiebmnbemes.T kn fnbmuln e prn¬fkecer niamdabtacabta -e paser ma kes fnbsafuabfdes pere sã cdscn- ak cabsela ma ke `dmakdmem ma Mdnsgefde su puaikn akahdmn y ak rafgezn ma asa cabsela pnr ke ceynrãe ma kns mdrd-habtas rakdhdnsns. Ak certdrdn ma Astaieb asub tastdcnbdn aknfuabta qua me ek-hudab qua astå pkabecabta fncprncatdmn ab gefar ke vnkubtem ma Mdns e paser ma kesfnbsafuabfdes. Astaieb ùa niamdabta ek kkecemn ma Mdns y `dak e ke cdsdöb ma Mdns e paser ma qua asn sdhbd`dfö parmar su

prnpde vdme.Vabsdikas ek kkecemn mak AspãrdtuKe vdme kkabe mak Aspãrdtu as ube vdme trebs`nrceme. Ke vdme mak epöstnk Zeikn dkustre asta prdbfdpdn. Eubqua Veukn (su

bncira nrdhdbek) astuvn cek mdrdhdmn ab su àrnz parsafufdöb ma kns frdstdebns, are gnbastn. Fuebmn parsahuãe e kns frds-tdebns, pabseie qua asteie gefdabmn ke vnkubtem ma Mdns ek fnb`rnbter kn qua äk fraãe qua are ube safte èbåtdfe.

Cdabtres Veukn vdeleie e Mecesfn pere fepturer e ekhubns frdstdebns y erres-trerkns e Larusekäb pere qua kns luzhereb,Lasüs kn snrprabmdö mre¬cåtdfecabta. Ke axpardabfde ma Veukn ab ak fecdbn e Mecesfn bn snkn fecidö su vdme, sdbntecidäb ek cubmn. Ekkã Veukn, ak parsahudmnr, kkahö e sar Zeikn ak avebhakdste. Zeukn pramdfö fnb pnmar pnr tnmn ak cubmnCamdtarråban. Abfabmdö ùahns mak avebhakdn ab Hekefde, Äàsn, @dkdpns, Fnknses y ]aseköbdfe. Vu cdbdstardn kkabn makAspãrdtu sefumdö ak Dcpardn Yncebn, y pnr camdn ma sus fnbvarsns, ekfebzö e abtrer ab ak pekefdn mak Fäser (var @dkdpabsas=<99? Fnknsabsas 5<96-94).

]nmn ak cdbdstardn ma Zeikn, ùa hudemn pnr ak Aspãrdtu, fnbvabfdmn pnr ak Aspã-rdtu, dbstrudmn pnr ak Aspãrdtu y mntemn mapnmar pnr ak Aspãrdtu. Ab su maàbse ebta ak ray Ehrdpe, masfrdidö ke vdsdöb fakastdek qua rafdidö ab ak fecdbn e Mecesfn.Kuahn tastd`dfö qua ak prnpösdtn ma su cdbdstardn tebtn e lumãns fncn e habtdkas are eirdr sus nlns, pere qua sa fnbvdrtdarebma kes tdbdaikes e ke kuz, y ma ke pntastem ma Vetebås e Mdns? y esã rafdidareb ak parmöb ma sus pafemns y ke garabfde abtra knssebtd`dfemns (Gafgns 90<57).

Ke vdme ma Zeikn dbmdfe qua pere sar kkabns mak Aspãrdtu Vebtn, ke parsn¬be maia raspnbmar e su pnmar ma fnbvdffdöb. Ak



Aspãrdtu bn kkabe fnreznbas qua ye aståb kkabns ma masans ahnãstes. Ak ray Ehrdpe, pnr alacpkn, bn famdö ek pnmar ma fnb-vdffdöb mak Aspãrdtu Vebtn pnrqua su sabtdmn axeharemn ma dcpnrtebfde y masans ahnãstes asteieb ab fnb`kdftn fnb knsdcpuksns mak Aspãrdtu qua ka mafãe qua maiãe vefdersa ma sã cdscn y vdvdr pere Lasüs.

Ak epöstnk Zeikn mafkere qua kns frayabtas mak Buavn ]astecabtn kkabns mak Aspãrdtu geiãeb rafdidmn ‛ke hrefde y akepnstnkemn pere ke niamdabfde e ke à ab tnmes kes befdnbas pnr ecnr ma su bncira– (Yncebns 5<1). Znr ntrn kemn, kns qua‛bn niamafab e ke varmem sdbn qua niamafab e ke dblustdfde– puamab asparer ‛dre y abnln– (Yncebns 9<7).

Ab astns peselas, ak epöstnk Zeikn ravake qua ke niamdabfde as ub esubtn ma rabmdr ak fnrezöb. Znr à vdvdcns pere Lasüsab vaz ma vdvdr pere bnsntrns cdscns. Znr à äk astå ab ak trnbn ma buastrns fnreznbas y ak yn astå ab ke fruz. Znr àmafkerecns fncn Zeikn< ‛Fnb Frdstn astny lubtecabta frufd`dfemn, y ye bn vdvn yn, ces vdva Frdstn ab cã– (Håketes 9<9:).

Eubqua saecns frdstdebns fncprncatdmns, tnmevãe tabmracns kufges. ]nmevãe axpardcabtecns tabtefdnbas, esã fncnLasüs kes tuvn. Znmacns trnpazer e vafas, parn pnr hrefde tnmevãe astecns mamdfemns e gefar ke vnkubtem ma Mdns. Akabe maXgdta kn mdfa ab `nrce garcnse ab su kdirn Kns gafgns ma kns epöstnkas< ‛Equakkns qua ab Zabtafnstäs ùarnb mntemns fnbak pnmar ma kn ektn, bn quamernb masma abtnbfas kdiras ma tabtefdöb y pruaie. Fncn tastdhns ma ke varmem y ke lustdfde, arebrapatdmes vafas esektemns pnr ak abacdhn ma tnme varmem, qua treteie ma maspnlerkns ma su axpardabfde frdstdebe. Asteiebnikdhemns e kufger fnb tnmes kes èfuktemas memes pnr Mdns pere ekfebzer ke camdme ma ke asteture ma gnciras y cula¬rasab Frdstn Lasüs. Nreieb mderdecabta ab prnfure ma buaves prnvdsdnbas ma hrefde pere pnmar akaversa cås y cås gefde keparàffdöb– (Kns gafgns ma kns epöstnkas, p. =5).

Kns cdacirns ma ube dhkasde rurek raekdzeieb su raubdöb ebuek ma raevdvecdabtn. Ab ke prdcare bnfga, ak pramdfemnrprasabtö ub cabsela efarfe mak errapabtdcdabtn y ke bafasdmem ma vnkvar ek Vaõnr. Fuebmn gdzn ak kkecemn ek ekter, ubgncira sa efarfö pnr ak pesdkkn, mdfdabmn< ‛Vaõnr, kkäbeca. Kkäbeca–.

Ke sdhudabta bnfga ak pramdfemnr mase`dö e ke fnbhrahefdöb fnb su bafasdmem ma abtraher sus vdmes e Frdstn abniamdabfde fncpkate. Ntre vaz gdzn ak kkecemn ek ekter, y ak gncira qua geiãe raspnbmdmn ke bnfga ebtardnr vdbn pnr akpesdkkn pnr sahubme vaz, mdfdabmn< ‛Kkäbeca, Vaõnr. Kkäbeca–.

Ke tarfare bnfga mak raevdvecdabtn, ak pramdfemnr emvdrtdö e ke fnbhrahefdöb ma kns cekas mak pafemn, y kns dbstö e vdvdrvdmes sebtes. T ntre vaz, ebta ke dbvdtefdöb ma abtrahersa e Frdstn, ak egnre nisarvemn gncira ùa pnr ak pesdkkn, mdfdabmn<‛Kkäbeca, Vaõnr. Kkäbeca–. Zarn aste vaz, ma ke perta pnstardnr ma ke dhkasde ekhudab axfkecö< ‛Bn kn gehes, Vaõnr? äk tdabahntares–.

Ke varmem mak esubtn as qua tnmns tabacns pärmdmes ma vaz ab fuebmn? tab-macns e parmar buastrn prdcar ecnr, nvemaer ab ak ehue tdide, n parmar ak rucin. Zarn Lasüs astå ekkã pere merbns `nrtekaze, snstäb y epnyn. Äk astå ekkã perekkaberbns y merbns pnmar. Äk astå ekkã pere teper kes hrdates y raperer kes `dsures. Äk astå ekkã pere merbns pnmar pere vdvdrvdmes niamdabtas egnre y pere sdacpra.

Yaàrabfdes5 Lngb Oabbatg Hekiredtg, ‛E Kdà db Nur ]dcas–, Yaemar—s Mdhast (Gnuhgtnb Cd``kdb, mdfdacira ma 5475).9 Mak sarcöb ‛Yafnrmacns kn qua gacns ma gefar–, pramdfemn pnr Ekeb ]dsnb, ak 8 ma ehnstn ma 9:5:

FEZÃ]QKN 0

Fnbàsdöb y Errapabtdcdabtn<Kes fnbmdfdnbas mak raevdvecdabtn

cehãbeta e kns mdsfãpukns fncn cdacirns ma ube Lubte ma Dhkasde. ¾Fuåbtn ta husterãe sar ak qua prasdmdare kesraubdnbas ebtas mak Zabtafnstäs> ]abmrães qua e`rnbter kes ùartas npdbdnbas ma Zamrn, kes mumes ma ]ncås, y knserrebquas ma Vebtdehn y Lueb, cazfkemns fnb ke axeftdtum ma Cetan, ak ahnãscn ma Lumes, ke dbtrnspaffdöb maEbmräs y ak praludfdn ma Vdcöb ak \aknta.

Ak raevdvecdabtn ma Zabtafnstäs gdzn ke mdàrabfde. Ak Aspãrdtu Vebtn quairebtö kes ierrares abtra kns mdsfãpukns, y fnbkåhrdces sa errapdbtda¬rnb y fnbàsernb sus pafemns e Mdns, y mnbma ùare eprnpdemn, kns ubns e kns ntrns. T abtnbfas, kefåkdme y ecebta fncubdöb racpkezö kes ehumes mdvdsdnbas qua kns geiãeb saperemn ebtas.

Ab tnmes kes Asfrdtures, ak errapabtdcdabtn y ke fnbàsdöb eirdarnb ak fecdbn pere ak raevdvecdabtn aspdrdtuek. Mdns sdacprapraperö e su puaikn pere gefar ube nire cås hrebma pere äk ek fnbmufdrkns pnr camdn mak mnknr pdemnsn pnr sus `refesns.Ak errapabtdcdabtn y ke fnbàsdöb snb prarraqudsdtns bafaserdns pere rafdidr ak pnmar mak Aspãrdtu ab eiubmebfde.Ab asta fepãtukn masfuirdracns ke beturekaze mak errapabtdcdabtn iãikdfn, fnbtresteracns ak varmemarn errapabtdcdabtnfnb ak ̀ eksn, y va¬racns ke dcpnrtebfde mak varmemarn errapabtdcdabtn fncn ub prakumdn pere ak marrececdabtn mak Aspãrd-

D



tu Vebtn. T kn cås dcpnrtebta, mas¬fuirdracns qua ak errapabtdcdabtn as ub mnb qua ak Aspãrdtu Vebtn bns me pere prape-rerbns pere ra`kaler ak ecnr ma Lasüs cås fkerecabta e qudabas bns rnmaeb.Ak mnb ma MdnsLustn ebtas ma su esfabsdöb, Lasüs kas mdn dbstruffdnbas cuy aspafã¬`dfes e sus mdsfãpukns pere qua ‛asparesab ke prncasemak Zemra– (Gafgns 5<=). ¾Uuä qudsn mafdr> ¾Maiãeb akkns sabfdkkecabta quamersa sabtemns nfdnsecabta ab asa epnsabtnektn ab Larusekäb, n tabãeb ub pepak qua mas¬acpaõer ab praperer sus fnreznbas pere rafdidr ak mnb fakastdek> ¾Geiãe ekhnaspafã`dfn qua akkns bafasdteieb gefar> Vd as esã, ¾quä are asn, y quä bns absaõe ke axpardabfde ma kns mdsfãpukns ab ak epn-sabtn ektn efarfe mak marrececdabtn mak Aspãrdtu Vebtn>Akabe ma Xgdta bns me ke sdhudabta parfapfdöb fnb raspaftn e asns mdaz mães ma aspare< ‛Maspuäs ma ke esfabsdöb ma Frdstn,

kns mdsfãpukns sa raubdarnb ab ub kuher pere supkdfer gucdkmacabta e Mdns. T maspuäs ma asfumrdõer ak fnrezöb y ma raekdzerub axecab parsnbek murebta mdaz mães, quamö praperemn ak fecdbn pere qua ak Aspãrdtu Vebtn abtrere ab kns tacpkns makekce, kdcpdns y fnbsehremns– (Ak avebhakdscn, p. 1:0). Ma`dbdfdöb ma varmemarn errapabtdcdabtnKe pekeire errapabtdcdabtn puama avnfer ube verdamem ma sabtdcdabtns a dcåhabas cabtekas. ¾Uuä as ak errapabtdcdabtniãikdfn habudbn> ¾Kn fereftardzeb acnfdnbas eirucemnres ma cnmn qua sdacpra astäb efncpeõemns ma snkknzns y kåhrd-ces> ¾Bns male maprdcdmns pnr feuse ma ke fukpe>Ak errapabtdcdabtn as ak mnknr dbdfdemn pnr Mdns pnr ak pafemn fncatdmn, dcprasn snira buastres cabtas pnr ak AspãrdtuVebtn. Gey ekhubns alacpkns cuy aspafã`dfns ab ke Idikde ma parsnbes qua prnfurernb ak errapabtdcdabtn parn bn ùarnbparmnbemns< var pnr alacpkn, kes gdstnrdes efarfe ma @ereöb, ma Iekeec, ma Aseü y ma Lumes (Äxnmn 59<94-69? Bücarns99<69-61? Gairans 59<50,58? y Cetan 98<=). Astes parsnbes bn asteieb trdstas pnr ak pafemn cdscn. Bd tecpnfn pnr ak mn-knr qua treln snira ntres parsnbes n snira Mdns. Vu übdfe pranfupefdöb areb kes fnbsafuabfdes qua su`rãeb pnr feuse ma supafemn.Gairans 59<58 kn rasuca idab. Mdfa qua Aseü sa errapdbtdö ‛masaebmn garamer ke iabmdfdöb–. Aseü bn asteie pranfupemnpnr ak mnknr qua su pafemn treln e su ècdkde n ek fnrezöb ma Mdns. Vu übdfe pranfupefdöb are qua pnr feuse ma su pafemnparmdö ke prdcnhabdture. Asteie trdsta pnrqua bn fnbsdhudö kn qua quarãe. Ak èksn errapabtdcdabtn sa fnbfabtre ab kes fnb-safuabfdes qua su`rdcns pnr feuse ma buastrn pafemn. Vdb acierhn, ak varmemarn errapabtdcdabtn surha ma ke trdstaze pde-mnse qua sabtdcns pnrqua gacns fgesquaemn e buastrn Mdns? pnrqua prnmuldcns mnknr ab ak fnrezöb ma equak qua bnsece fnb ecnr atarbn. Esã, ak mnknr pnrqua buastrns pafemns geb gardmn e ntres parsnbes y aspafdekcabta e buastrn Vekve-mnr as ube fereftarãstdfe dcpnrtebta mak varmemarn errapabtdcdabtn.Ak varmemarn errapabtdcdabtn tecidäb astå cerfemn pnr ube fnbàsdöb gnbaste ma pafemns aspafã`dfns qua geyecns fn-catdmn. Bn astå emnrbeme fnb axfuses pnr ke fnbmufte mak pafemnr. Bn afge ke fukpe e ntre parsnbe. Gey ub varmemarnerrapabtdcdabtn pnr ak gafgn fncatdmn. (Geikeracns cås snira ke fnbàsdöb ab asta fepãtukn.)

Ak varmemarn errapabtdcdabtn bn sa matdaba fnb ke fnbàsdöb ma kns pafemns qua gefab kes parsnbes. Kns kkave e eiebmnberasns pafemns? sa ekaleb ma kns pabsecdabtns n pekeires n effdnbas qua quairebternb ak fnrezöb ma Mdns. ‛Ak racnrmdcdab-tn astå trdsta pnr ak pesemn, parn bn qudara fecider ak ùturn. Ak errapabtdcdabtn tecidäb astå trdsta pnr ak pesemn, parngefa ub fecidn ab ak fnrezöb ma cnmn qua ak ùturn sae mdàrabta. Fecide ke fnbmufte ùture ma cnmn qua kns arrnraspesemns bn sa rapdteb–.Kes parsnbes qua aståb varmemarecabta errapabtdmes fkeceb fncn Mevdm< ‛Frae ab cã, ng Mdns, ub fnrezöb kdcpdn, y ra-buave ub aspãrdtu raftn mabtrn ma cã– (Vekcn 15<5:). Ak ebgakn mak fnrezöb varmemarecabta errapabtdmn as ub masan maehremer e Lasüs ab feme espaftn ma ke vdme.Ak errapabtdcdabtn qua as habudbn bn kkave e kns frdstdebns e ub astemn ma maprasdöb pnr feuse ma su beturekaze n eftnspafecdbnsns. ‛Ke trdstaze qua as sahüb Mdns prnmufa errapabtdcdabtn pere sekvefdöb– (9 Fnrdbtdns 8<5:? ke fursdve ùa eõe-mdme). Bns fnbmufa e fnbfabtrerbns ab ke lustdfde ma Lasüs, bn ab buastre pafecdbnsdmem. Zrnmufa mdkdhabfde ab pnbar ‛knsnlns ab Lasüs, ak eutnr y fnbsucemnr ma ke à– (9 Fnrdbtdns 8<55? var tecidäb Gairans 59<5, 9). Znr tnmn ak Buavn ]aste-

cabtn, buastrn pafemn, eubqua sardn, bubfe pase cås qua ke hrefde ma Mdns, pnrqua ‛fuebmn ak pafemn eiubmö, snir a-eiubmö ke hrefde– (Yncebns 1<9:). Fuebmn ak epöstnk Zeikn rafnbnfdö qua asteie parsdhudabmn e parsnbes dbnfabtas, gdlns mak Mdns ek qua mafãeb qua sarvãeb,ùa kkavemn e sus rnmd¬kkes ab errapabtdcdabtn habudbn y fnbàsdöb. Zarn bn quamö ab ub astemn ma trdstaze pnr sus `refe-sns. Vu fnbfabtrefdöb bn are ab fuåb dcpãn are äk, sdbn ab fuåb lustn as Lasüs.Va bns dbstruya qua maiacns maler buastrns sabtdcdabtns ‛ma fukpeidkdmem _...S e kns pdas ma ke fruz mak Fekverdn. Ak sabtdmnma pafecdbnsdmem ge abvababemn kes ùabtas ma ke vdme y ma ke varmemare àkdfdmem. Egnre Lasüs mdfa< ‗Znb tnmn snira cã?yn tncerä tus pafemns. ]a merä pez. Bn mastdarras cås tu raspatn prnpdn, pnrqua ta ga fncpremn fnb ak prafdn ma cd prn-pde sebhra. ]ü aras cãn. @nrtekafarä tu mäidk vnkubtem? akdcdberä tu racnrmdcdabtn pnr tu pafemn– (Cebusfrdpt Yakaesas,tncn 4, p. 6:1).Ak varmemarn errapabtdcdabtn as ub mnb. Bn pnmacns errapabtdcns habudbecabta ma buastrns pafemns e cabns qua

geyecns rafdidmn asta mnb ma Lasüs. Gafgns fepãtukn 1 masfrdia e kns epöstnkas qua prnfkeceb e Lasüs e qudab ‛Mdns geaxektemn fnb su mdastre pnr Zrãbfdpa y Vekvemnr, pere mer e Dsreak errapabtdcdabtn y parmöb ma pafemns– (varsãfukn 65). Keinbmem ma Mdns as ke qua bns huãe ek errapabtdcdabtn (Yncebns 9<=). ‛Bn pnmacns errapabtdcns sdb ak Aspãrdtu ma Frdstnqua maspdarte ke fnbfdabfde, cås ma kn qua pnmacns sar parmnbemns sdb Frdstn. Frdstn as ke ̀ uabta ma tnmn iuab dcpuksn. Äkas ak übdfn qua puama dcpkebter ab ak fnrezöb abacdstem fnbtre ak pafemn. ]nmn masan ma varmem y puraze, tnme fnbvdf-fdöb ma buastre prnpde pafecdbnsdmem, as ube pruaie ma qua su Aspãrdtu astå nirebmn ab buastrn fnrezöb– (Ak fecdbn e



Frdstn, p. 9=).Errapabtdcdabtn y fnbàsdöbFncn vdcns, ak errapabtdcdabtn -ase trdstaze dbtardnr pnr ak pafemn, meme pnr Mdns- fnbmufa e ke axprasdöb axtardnr mabuastrn racnrmdcdabtn ek fnbàser e Mdns y e kes parsnbes qua gacns meõemn pnr buastres pekeires n eftns. Ak raevdve-cdabtn habudbn sdacpra ge astemn efncpeõemn pnr ke fnbàsdöb ma pafemn. Ke fnbàsdöb eira ak fnrezöb y kdcpde ak fecd-bn pere qua ak Aspãrdtu Vebtn bns kkaba fuebmn Mdns marreca su Aspãrdtu snira ke ]darre.Vd kns febekas ma buastres ekces aståb tepemns pnr pafemn, ak Aspãrdtu bn puama `kudr pnr buastrn dbtarcamdn ek cubmn. Knspafemns bn fnbàsemns astnrieb kn qua Mdns masae gefar pnr camdn ma su dhkasde. Ak seidn mafkerö< ‛Ak qua abfuira sus pa-femns bn prnsparerå? ces ak qua kns fnb`dase y sa eperte ekfebzerå cdsardfnrmde– (Zrnvaridns 97<56). Ebtas qua ak Aspãr dtu

Vebtn bns kkaba y bns mä pnmar, äk bns fnbvabfa y bns dbstruya. E cabns qua fnbàsacns kns pafemns qua ak Aspãrdtu Vebtnsaõeka, buastrns fnreznbas kkaheråb e sar astärdkas. Vd ragusecns asfufger ke vnz ma ke fnbvdffdöb, bubfe rafdidracns ak ma-rrececdabtn mak Aspãrdtu Vebtn fnb ak pnmar ma ke kkuvde termãe.Fuebmn kns mdsfãpukns sa raubdarnb ab ak epnsabtn ektn, iusfebmn àrvdabtacabta e Mdns ab nrefdöb, fkerecabta fncprab-mdarnb ke bafasdmem ma fnbàser sus pafemns e Mdns y, mnbma are eprnpdemn, e kns ntrns. ‛Maspuäs ma ke esfabsdöb ma Frdstn,ak Aspãrdtu Vebtn bn masfabmdö dbcamdetecabta. Zesernb mdaz mães ebtas qua ak Aspãrdtu Vebtn ùare marrecemn. Kns mdsfã-pukns mamdfernb asa tdacpn e praperersa fnb cufgn àrvnr e `db ma rafdidr teb prafdnsn mnb. Kns rdfns tasnrns mak Fdaknùarnb marrecemns snira akkns maspuäs ma asfumrdõer mdkdhabtacabta sus fnreznbas y sefrd`dfer tnmn ãmnkn. Asteieb ebtaMdns pere gucdkker sus ekces, `nrtekafar su à y fnbàser sus pafemns– (Feme mãe fnb Mdns, p. 7). Gey ube nire ma praperefdöb qua maia gefarsa ebtas mak marrececdabtn mak Aspãrdtu Vebtn. Kns mdsfãpukns ma Frdstn gei-ãeb fecdbemn fnb äk murebta tras eõns y camdn, bn nistebta bafasdteieb tncersa tdacpn ab nrefdöb, camdtefdöb, errapab-tdcdabtn y fnbàsdöb pere praperer sus fnreznbas pere ke kkuvde tacprebe qua kns fepefdtö pere kebzer ke prnfkecefdöb makavebhakdn fnb pnmar pabtafnstek. Abtnbfas, ¾fuåbtn cås bafasdtecns praperer buastrns fnreznbas pere ke gnre `dbek yfukcdbebta ma ke ]darre> Vd ak pafemn dcpdmdö ak pnmarnsn marrececdabtn mak Aspãrdtu Vebtn ab equakkns mães, fdartecabtagerå kn cdscn egnre. Vd ke fnbàsdöb praperö kns fnreznbas ma kns mdsfãpukns pere rafdidr ak Aspãrdtu Vebtn, tecidäb prape-rerå buastrns fnreznbas.Kns sarvdfdns mak sebtuerdn mak Ebtdhun ]astecabtn prnpnrfdnbeieb kaffdnbas vdtekas efarfe ma ke beturekaze ma ke fnbà-sdöb. Kavãtdfn fepãtukn 1 masfrdia kn qua sufamãe fuebmn kns dsreakdtes pafeieb y treãeb ube n`rabme ek sebtuerdn iusfebmn akparmöb. Ak varsãfukn 1 mdfa< ‛Fuebmn pafera ab ekhube ma astes fnses, fnbàserå equakkn ab qua pafö–. Ak pafemnr qua treãeub fnrmarn pnbãe sus cebns snira ke feiaze y fnbàseie kns pafemns qua geiãe fncatdmn.Ak errapabtdcdabtn varmemarn fnbmufa e ke fnbàsdöb mak pafemn aspafã`dfn qua fncatdö ak pafemnr. ‛Ke varmemare fnb` a-sdöb as sdacpra ma feråftar aspafã`dfn y mafkere pafemns pertdfukeras. Zuamab sar ma tek beturekaze qua snkecabta puamabprasabtersa makebta ma Mdns. Zuamab sar cekas qua maiab fnbàsersa dbmdvdmuekcabta e kns qua geyeb su`rdmn meõn pnr

akkns? puamab sar ma ub feråftar püikdfn y, ab asta fesn, maiaråb fnbàsersa püikdfecabta. ]nme fnbàsdöb maia gefarsama`dbdme y ek pubtn, rafnbnfdabmn kns cdscns pafemns ma qua saes fukpeika– (Ak fecdbn e Frdstn, pp. 68, 67). Ak prnpösdtn mak pnmar fnbvdbfabta mak Aspãrdtu Vebtn as ravaker buastre bafasdmem ma ke hrefde sekvemnre ma Frdstn. Ak erra-pabtdcdabtn bn gefa qua Mdns bns eca cås? bns fepefdte pere rafdidr ak parmöb qua asteie ab ak fnrezöb ma Mdns tnmn aktdacpn. Ak ecnr ma Mdns pnr bnsntrns as fnbstebta. Ak prnikace as qua sncns tntekcabta dbfepefas ma rafdidrkes eiubmeb-tas iabmdfdnbas qua Mdns tdaba pere bnsntrns cdabtres buastres ertardes aspdrdtuekas aståb tepnbemes fnb ke rasefe mak pa-femn. Ak errapabtdcdabtn y ke fnbàsdöb eirab kns febekas tepemns ma buastrns fnreznbas aspdrdtuekas pere rafdidr ke pra-sabfde y ak pnmar mak Aspãrdtu Vebtn qua rainse.Ak sekcn mak pafemnrAb ak Vekcn 15 sabtdcns ak fkecnr mak fnrezöb ma Mevdm. Asta sekcn ravake ke prnùbmdmem ma su mnknr. As fncn ube remdn-hre`ãe mak ekce. Ak errapabtdcdabtn ma Mevdm maspuäs ma su pafemn fnb Iatseiä ùa cufgn cås qua sabtdcdabtn acnfdn-bek ma trdstaze. Yafnbnfdö ke varhûabze qua geiãe treãmn e ke feuse ma Mdns. Yafnbnfdö ke trdstaze qua prnmuln ab ak fnrezöb

ma Mdns. Astecns varmemarecabta errapabtdmns fuebmn rafnbnfacns qua buastrn pafemn treln mnknr e ntrn ùare ma bn-sntrns. ‛Ke fruz as, pere buastrns sabtdmns abtnrpafdmns, ube ravakefdöb mak mnknr qua, masma su fncdabzn, prnmuln ak pa-femn ab ak fnrezöb ma Mdns. Ka feuseb pabe tnme masvdefdöb ma ke lustdfde, tnmn eftn ma fruakmem, tnmn `refesn ma ke guce-bdmem ab fuebtn e ekfebzer su dmaek– (Ke amufefdöb, p. 906). Ak varmemarn errapabtdcdabtn bns kkave e cdrer e equak e qudabtrespesecns y kecabtecns snira äk fncn ube cular kecabte snira su übdfn gdln (var \eferães 59<5:).Ke fnbàsdöb as sebemnre ma cufges cebares. Zar`nre ak ùrübfukn ma ke fukpe y parcdta qua mraba ak pus vababnsn makpafemn. Eira buastrns fnreznbas pere rafdidr ke hrefde ma Mdns. Znr camdn ma ke fnbàsdöb efaptecns ak parmöb qua Frdstnbns n`rafa masma ke fruz. Ab ke fruz tnme ke gucebdmem ùa lustd`dfeme, parn ase lustd`dfefdöb bn kkahe e sar aàftdve ab buas-tres vdmes geste qua ke efaptecns pnr à (Yncebns 1<5:, 55, 58-54? Aàsdns 9<5-5:). Ke fnbàsdöb as sebemnre pnrqua bnsparcdta rafdidr hrefde, qua as ak racamdn ma Mdns pere ak prnikace mak pafemn. Ke fnbàsdöb tecidäb marrdie kes ierraresabtra bnsntrns y ntres parsnbes. Vebe kes rakefdnbas.

¾Ges ekiarhemn pabsecdabtns frãtdfns> ¾Ges geikemn pekeires ehumes a gdrdabtas> ¾Ges sdmn dcpefdabta n masfnrtäs> ¾Gessdmn masfudmemn ab ke nisarvebfde mak såiemn n db`dak ab mavnkvar kns mdazcns> Ak pafemn iknquae ke iabmdfdöb qua Mdnsebsde marrecer pnr buastrn dbtarcamdn. Ke fnbàsdöb akdcdbe asa iknquan. Ek errnmdkkerbns ebta buastrn Mdns cdsardfnrmdn-sn y parmnbemnr fnbàsebmn kns pafemns aspafã`dfns qua ak Aspãrdtu Vebtn bns ge cnstremn, rafdidracns ak parmöb y ke kd-iartem ma ke fukpe.Buastres fnbfdabfdes maiarãeb quamer kdcpdes ek fnbàser buastrns pafemns e Mdns. Ak epöstnk Zeikn geikö ma tabar ‛ube



fnbfdabfde sdb nàbse ebta Mdns y ebta kns gnciras– (Gafgns 9=<50). Vd maspuäs qua fnbàsecns buastrns pafemns e Mdnsparcebafa tnmevãe ub sabtdcdabtn ma fukpe, maiarãecns prahubterbns sd gacns gafgn cek e ekhudab ma ekhube cebare.Zuama sar qua ak Aspãrdtu Vebtn bns dcpuksa e fnbàser asn y e pamdr ak parmöb.Equã gey ub prdbfdpdn iåsdfn pere matarcdber sd maias pamdr e ekhudab qua ta parmnba. Vd rncpdsta ub ekeciremn, kn rape-rerås. Vd tus eftns fraernb ube saperefdöb ab tu rakefdöb fnb ntre parsnbe, pamdr parmöb e ase parsnbe puama raperer asa‛ekeciremn rntn–. Zuama rasteurer ase rakefdöb y tastd`dfer mak pnmar ma ke hrefde ma Mdns qua nire ab tu vdme.Zuama geiar nfesdnbas fuebmn sabtdcns fukpe eub fuebmn gacns fnbàsemn buastrns pafemns. ¾Znr quä> Qbe rezöb pua-ma sar qua ak mdeikn astå dbtabtebmn rnier buastre sahurdmem ma ke sekvefdöb. E äk ka huste rnier ke iabmdte asparebze makparmöb y ke sekvefdöb qua tabacns ab Lasüs.

Fkeumdn, ub frdstdebn buavn, asteie esdstdabmn e ube sarda ma avebhakdzefdöb. Ke prasabtefdöb ma ke sahubme vabdme ma Frds-tn kn dcprasdnbö aspafdekcabta. Fuebmn ak avebhakdste prahubtö< ‛¾Gey ekhn ab tu vdme qua ta dcpdma aster kd stn pere kevabdme ma Lasüs>–, ak Aspãrdtu Vebtn ka rafnrmö e Fkeumdn ekhn aspafã`dfn. Eõns ebtas, geiãe astemn fnb ub hrupn ma emnkas-fabtas qua geiãeb rniemn fnses ma ube fese ab ke fncubdmem. Esã qua Fkeumdn fnbàsö su pafemn e Mdns y rafkecö ke prn-case ma Frdstn ma parmöb.Vdb acierhn, ekhubes sacebes cås terma, Fkeumdn tnmevãe asteie cnkastn pnr kn qua geiãe gafgn. Fuebmn ka mdln ek aveb-hakdste kn qua sabtãe, asta ka axpkdfö qua gey mns fkesas ma fukpe< ke fukpe cnrek y ke fukpe psdfnköhdfe. Axpardcabtecns kefukpe cnrek fuebmn quairebtecns ke kay ma Mdns. T sabtdcns ke fukpe psdfnköhdfe fuebmn gacns gafgn meõn e ntre parsn-be. Fnbàser ak pafemn e Mdns akdcdbe ke fukpe cnrek ab ke qua feãcns, parn pnmacns sahudr fnb ke fukpe psdfnköhdfe gestequa fnbàsecns ak pafemn e kes parsnbes e kes qua meõecns.Fuebmn Fkeumdn fncprabmdö ke bafasdmem ma pamdr parmöb e kes parsnbes qua geiãe meõemn y sd are bafaserdn, gefar rastd-tufdöb, ma dbcamdetn ka prahubtö ek avebhakdste qua ka eyumere e gefar idab kes fnses. Ak avebhakdste fnbteftö e ke ècdkde, yka fnbtö efarfe ma ke fnbàsdöb ma Fkeumdn y su masan ma sar parmnbemn. Fuebmn ak avebhakdste ka fnbtö e Fkeumdn qua keècdkde geiãe mdfgn< ‛Kn parmnbecns–, äk prnrrucpdö ab kkebtn. Egnre su fukpe geiãe maseperafdmn. ]nme su ferhe sa geiãemdsdpemn.¾Fuåbmn as emafueme ube fnbàsdöb püikdfe> Vnkn fuebmn ube parsnbe ge fncatdmn ub pafemn püikdfn. Vd ta ges epertemnma tu fncprncdsn fnbFrdstn y treãmn raprnfga e su bncira y e ke dhkasde, ke fnbàsdöb püikdfe as emafueme. Eubqua as pnfn seidn a dbbafaserdnabtrer ab tnmns kns matekkas tabairnsns mak pafemn qua fncatdsta, ub tastdcnbdn ma ke trdstaze qua sabtdsta pnr feuse makfgesfn qua ka prnmuldsta e Mdns y masprafdesta su hrefde, y ma tu dbtabfdöb ma sarvdrka egnre, merå sebdmem e tu fnrezöb, ytecidäb e ke dhkasde.Lasüs as ke raspuaste e buastrns sabtdcdabtns ma fukpe. Äk as tnmevãe ak Vekvemnr parmnbemnr. Äk tnmevãe bns kdcpde ma kefukpe y ke varhûabze mak pafemn. Fuebmn vecns y fnbàsecns gnbastecabta buastrns pafemns e äk, buastrns fnreznbas

aståb praperemns pere rafdidr ke sekvefdöb qua teb kdiracabta n`rafa, y ak pnmar ma su Aspãrdtu Vebtn qua teb kdiracabtantnrhe.Qbe epakefdöb parsnbek¾]a astå fnbvabfdabmn ak Aspãrdtu Vebtn ma qua gey fnses ab tu vdme qua bn aståb ab ercnbãe fnb ke vnkubtem ma Mdns>¾]dabas eftdtumas qua bn snb fncn kes ma Frdstn> ¾]a astås eàrrebmn e gåidtns qua bafasdtes rabmdr e Frdstn> ¾Astås mds-puastn e gucdkkerta ebta Mdns fnb sdbfarn errapabtdcdabtn y pamdrka parmöb pere td y pnr tus eftdtumas pafecdbnses>‛Fuebmn vas ke abnrcdmem mak pafemn, fuebmn ta vaes fncn aras ab raekdmem, bn ta abtrahuas e ke masasparefdöb. @ua e knspafemnras e qudabas Frdstn vdbn e sekver. Bn tabacns qua rafnbfdkder e Mdns fnb bnsntrns, sdbn ¡ng cerevdkknsn ecnr!,‗Mdns asteie ab Frdstn rafnbfdkdebmn fnbsdhn cdscn ek cubmn— (9 Fnrdbtdns 1<54). Äk astå snkdfdtebmn pnr su tdarbn ecnr knsfnreznbas ma sus gdlns axtrevdemns. Bdbhüb pemra sahüb ke ferba pnmrãe sar teb pefdabta fnb kes èktes y kns yarrns ma susgdlns fncn kn as Mdns fnb equakkns e qudabas trete ma sekver. Bemda pnmrãe reznber cås tdarbecabta fnb ak pafemnr. Lecåskeidns gucebns geb mdrdhdmn dbvdtefdnbas cås tdarbes qua äk ek axtrevdemn. ]nmes sus prncases, sus ecnbastefdnbas, bn

snb sdbn ke axprasdöb ma su dbmafdika ecnr– (Ak fecdbn e Frdstn, p. 6=). Fuebmn vecns gucdkmacabta ebta Mdns fnb sdbfare fnbàsdöb y prnùbmn errapabtdcdabtn, Lasüs bns mdrå fncn ka mdln ekkemröb qua fnkheie lubtn e äk gefa mns cdk eõns< ‛Ma fdartn ta mdhn gny, _quaS asterås fnbcdhn ab ak pereãsn– (Kufes 96<=6?pubtuefdöb cnmd`dfeme). Ke iuabe bntdfde as qua pnr ke hrefde ma Frdstn aste sahurdmem tecidäb as buastre gny.

Yaàrabfdes

5 Oabt Frnfoatt, ]ga 455 Gebminno (Zaeinmy, Cess.< Gabmrdfosnb Zuikdsgars, 9::6), p. 9:6.



FEZÃ]QKN 8

Ke ubdmem< ak vãbfuknmak raevdvecdabtn

efa eõns, Kaskda @kybb asfrdidö ub kdirn tdtukemn Hraet Fgurfg @dhgts _Hrebmas pakaes ab ke dhkasdeS. Ab äkrahdstreie ke `nrce ab ke qua sa parsahuãeb ubns e ntrns, mdfdabmn tnmn ak tdacpn qua asteieb gefdäbmnkn ab akbncira ma Lasufrdstn. @kybb fuabte ma ub gncira qua nyö ube ieregübme ab ak `nbmn ma su fese. Cdrö pnr ke

vabtebe, y vdn e su gdle y verdns fncpeõarns ma luahn pakaåbmnsa efeknremecabta. Fuebmn ak gncira dbtarvdbn, su gdle

axfkecö< ‛¡Vnkn aståiecns luhebmn e ke dhkasde!– Fuebmn radbeb kns fakns, ke abvdmde, ke kufge pnr ke supracefãe, ak pnmar ma Mdns sa masvebafa. Fuåb vdtek as quaeprabmecns föcn quairebter kes ierrares qua e vafas bns sapereb, y abtrer ab ke ubdmem pnr ke fuek Lasüs nrö ab su hrebnrefdöb dbtarfasnre rahdstreme ab Lueb 58. Eubqua asteie dbtarfamdabmn ̀ arvnrnsecabta pnr sus mdsfãpukns, su nrefdöb aretecidäb pnr bnsntrns. Yasuabe fncn ub afn pnr kns fnrramnras ma ke gdstnrde y geike e su dhkasde ab tnmes kes äpnfes.

Fuebmn Lasüs asteie praperåbmnsa pere maler e sus mdsfãpukns, ke ubdmem ma su dhkasde paseie snira su fnrezöb. Zrnbtnsarãe tredfdnbemn y frufd`dfemn, y kuahn rasufdterãe ma ke tucie y esfabmarãe e su Zemra. Ke àrvnrnse nrefdöb ma Lasüsravake kn qua pabseie lustn ebtas ma su cuarta fruak ab ke fruz mak Fekverdn. Vu nrefdöb ma abtnbfas as su nrefdöb maegnre. Md ln< ‛Bn ruahn snkn pnr astns _sus mdsfãpukns mak prdcar sdhknS. Yuahn tecidäb pnr kns qua geb ma fraar ab cã pnr akcabsela ma akkns, pere qua tnmns saeb ubn. Zemra, esã fncn tü astås ab cã y yn ab td, parcdta qua akkns tecidäb astäb abbnsntrns, pere qua ak cubmn frae qua tü ca ges abvdemn. Tn kas ga memn ke hknrde qua ca mdsta, pere qua saeb ubn, esãfncn bnsntrns sncns ubn– (Lueb 58<9:-99, BPD).

Ke nrefdöb ma Lasüs bns mdfa fkerecabta qua ke ubdmem ma ke dhkasde are su cåxdce prdnrdmem. Äk seiãe qua aste ubdmemare asabfdek sd ke cdsdöb qua prnbtn ka merãe e su dhkasde geirãe ma sar raekdzeme. Ak ebgakn ma Lasüs are qua fasere tnmemdsabsdöb, fakns, kufges pnr ke supracefãe y fnb`kdftn abtra kns mdsfãpukns. Nrö pere qua e paser ma tnmes sus mdàrabfdespumdareb tabar ubdmem, qua ravakerãe ek cubmn ak pnmar ma su ecnr.

Gefa cufgns eõns ca dbvdternb e mer ube sacebe ma äbèsds aspdrdtuek ab ube asfuake prdcerde frdstdebe. Ek evebzer kesacebe, ca rasuktö nivdn qua mns ma kns ceastrns tabãeb ub fnb`kdftn sardn. Vus cutues eftdtumas bahetdves rahukercabtaastekkeieb ab kes raubdnbas mak parsnbek ma ke asfuake. Vd ubn suharãe ube dmae, ak ntrn sa npnbãe e akke.

Gefde ak `db ma ke sacebe, pramdquä snira ke nrefdöb dbtarfasnre ma Lasüs. T ke üktdce bnfga qua bns raubdcns,fakairecns ke nrmabebze ma ke gucdkmem y ke Fabe mak Vaõnr. Murebta asns sarvdfdns ak Aspãrdtu Vebtn eftuö. Kns mnsceastrns qua axpardcabteieb ase mdvdsdöb sa kevernb kns pdas ak ubn ek ntrn, y kuahn sa eirezernb, fnbàsebmn suseftdtumas bahetdves, y nrernb lubtns. Ak Aspãrdtu Vebtn fecidö sus fnreznbas, y ak ecidabta ma ke asfuake ra`kalö asa fecidncerevdkknsn.

Kes eftdtumas bahetdves bn snb buaves. Ebtas ma Zabtafnstäs, ke ecidfdöb ahnãste radbeie abtra kns mdsfãpukns. Vebtdehny Lueb dbsternb e su cemra e pamdr e Lasüs qua kas mdare e feme ubn ub kuher mastefemn ab ak radbn tarrabek qua fraãeb quaäk asteie e pubtn ma asteikafar. (Par Cetan 9:.) Astn, pnr supuastn, maspartö kes snspafges y kns fakns abtra kns macåsmdsfãpukns, y bdbhubn ma akkns asteie kdstn pere ak marrececdabtn mak Aspãrdtu Vebtn. Znr feuse ma astn Lasüs abvdö e knsmdsfãpukns ek epnsabtn ektn y kns cebtuvn ekkã, nrebmn lubtns, murebta mdaz mães. Ebtas qua ak Aspãrdtu Vebtn pumdarekkaberkns, maiãeb aster ubdmns.

Ke nrefdöb ma Frdstn pnr su dhkasde y sus kãmaras ùa fnbtasteme. Kns mdsfãpukns rabubfdernb e sus mdàrabfdes yeiebmnbernb kes kufges y pravekafdö ak ecnr. Ab ak rastn mak kdirn ma kns Gafgns, Kufes masfrdia ke ubdmem ma astnsfrayabtas mak prdcar sdhkn. Gafgns mdfa qua kns mdsfãpukns asteieb ‛ubåbdcas– (Gafgns 5<5=? 9<5, =0).

QbåbdcasAk avebhakdste ma raevdvecdabtns E. X. ]nzar, fuabte ube dkustrefdöb èsfdbebta efarfe ma kn qua sdhbd`dfe aster‛ubåbdcas–. Mdfa< ‛¾Va ka ge nfurrdmn ekhube vaz qua fdab pdebns, tnmns e`dbemns fnb ak cdscn mdepesöb, aståbeutncåtdfecabta e`dbemns abtra sã> Aståb ubåbdcas ek aster e`dbemns, bn ubn fnb ak ntrn, sdbn fnb ntre bnrce qua femeubn maia raspater dbmdvdmuekcabta. Esã sd fdab emnremnras sa raübab cdrebmn feme ubn e Frdstn, ma fnrezöb aståb cåsfarfe ak ubn mak ntrn qua sd kkahereb e sar ube ‛ubdmem– fnbsfdabta y epertereb sus nlns ma Mdns pere as`nrzersa pnr tabar

G



ub fncpeõardscn cås farfebn. Qbe rakdhdöb snfdek as paràffdnbeme fuebmn ke rakdhdöb prdveme as purd`dfeme–.Fuebtn cås bns efarquacns e Lasüs, cås farfe asteracns ubns ma ntrns. Ak Aspãrdtu ma Frdstn bns fepefdte pere var

tnmn -dbfkuyabmn e feme ubn- fnb ube buave vdsdöb aspdrdtuek. Ke hrefde ma Frdstn rapkebtae kes fnses paquaões qua ube vazbns cnkasternb. E ke kuz ma su cehbã`dfe hrefde, rabubfdecns e kes gnstdkdmemas praàrdmes. Znbacns e ub kemn taces quaube vaz sabtdcns qua maiãeb sar elustemns. Va rncpab kes ierrares. Ak avebhakdn sebe kes rakefdnbas quairemes.

Fuebmn ak Aspãrdtu Vebtn ùa marrecemn ab su pkabdtum ab Zabtafnstäs, kes eftdtumas cutues ma kns mdsfãpuknsfecidernb mrecåtdfecabta. E ke kuz qua `kuya ma ke fruz, sa vdarnb ab `nrce mdàrabta. ‛Feme frdstdebn vaãe ab su garcebnube ravakefdöb mak ecnr y ke iabavnkabfde mdvdbns. Qb snkn dbtaräs pravekafãe, ub snkn nilatn ma acukefdöb gefãe nkvdmertnmns kns macås. Ke ecidfdöb ma kns frayabtas are ravaker ke sacalebze mak feråftar ma Frdstn y treieler pere ak

abhrebmafdcdabtn ma su radbn– (Kns gafgns ma kns epöstnkas, p. =:).Fuebmn kns frayabtas mak Buavn ]astecabtn iusfernb e Mdns ab nrefdöb, ak Aspãrdtu Vebtn abtrataldö sus fnreznbas fnb

ecnr frdstdebn. Kufes rahdströ ab ak kdirn ma kns Gafgns< ‛]nmns astns parsavareieb ubåbdcas ab nrefdöb y ruahn, fnb kescularas, y fnb Cerãe ke cemra ma Lasüs, y fnb sus garcebns– (Gafgns 5<5=). Ak rahdstrn sdhua ab Gafgns 9<5< ‛Fuebmn kkahöak mãe ma Zabtafnstäs, asteieb tnmns ubåbdcas lubtns–. Akabe ma Xgdta eõema< ‛Bntacns qua ak Aspãrdtu ùa marrecemnmaspuäs qua kns mdsfãpukns guidarnb kkahemn e ke ubdmem paràfte, fuebmn ye bn fnbtabmãeb pnr ak puastn cås akavemn.Areb ubåbdcas. _...S Kns mdsfãpukns bn pdmdarnb ube iabmdfdöb pere sã cdscns. Vabtãeb pranfupefdöb pnr kes ekces. Ak Aveb-hakdn geiãe ma sar prnfkecemn geste kns fnb`dbas ma ke ]darre y snkdfdteieb ke camdme ma pnmar qua Frdstn geiãe prncatdmn.Abtnbfas ̀ ua fuebmn sa marrecö ak Aspãrdtu Vebtn y cdkas sa fnbvdrtdarnb ab ub mãe– (Fnbsalns pere ke dhkasde, p. 580).

Murebta asns mdaz mães ab ak epnsabtn ektn, kns mdsfãpukns sa fnbàsernb cutuecabta sus mdàrabfdes. Kes ierrares abtraakkns sa marruciernb? sa errapdbtdarnb ma sus fakns y nrhukkn? y sus fnreznbas sa kkabernb fnb ecnr e Frdstn qudab mdn suvdme pnr akkns, y qua egnre asteie e ke mdastre mak Zemra, dbtarfamdabmn e su èvnr. Vus ecidfdnbas ahnãstes ùarnbegnhemes pnr su ecnr e Frdstn. Kns mdsfãpukns eprabmdarnb pnr camdn ma aste axpardabfde qua ‛ke ubdmem fnb Frdstnasteikafa ub vãbfukn ma ubdmem cutue. Ase ubdmem as ke pruaie cås fnbvdbfabta ebta ak cubmn ma ke celastem y vdrtum maFrdstn y ma su pnmar pere akdcdber kns pafemns– ( Fncabterdn iãikdfn emvabtdste, tncn 1, p. 5599). Qbe fnbvarsdöb habudberasukte ab ubdmem ab ak gnher y ab ke dhkasde, pnrqua ‛kns qua astäb varmemarecabta fnbvartdmns sa lubteråb ab ubdmemfrdstdebe– (Nirarns avebhäkdfns, p. 1::).

Ak fuertn fepãtukn ma Gafgns rahdstre föcn buastres rakefdnbas fnb Frdstn y kns ubns fnb kns ntrns eàfteb buastretastd`dfefdöb. Kufes asfrdidö< ‛T ke cuktdtum ma kns qua geiãeb fraãmn are ma ub fnrezöb y ub ekce? y bdbhubn mafãe sar suynprnpdn beme ma kn qua pnsaãe, sdbn qua tabãeb tnmes kes fnses ab fncüb. T fnb hreb pnmar kns epöstnkas meieb tastdcnbdnma ke rasurraffdöb mak Vaõnr Lasüs, y eiubmebta hrefde are snira tnmns akkns– (Gafgns =<69, 66). Asta pesela vdbfuke ak quakns mdsfãpukns areb ma ‛ub fnrezöb y ub ekce– fnb ub ‛hreb pnmar– ab ke tastd`dfefdöb. Ab fdrfubstebfdes md`ãfdkas ma keLarusekäb mak prdcar sdhkn, vdvdabmn ab ube äpnfe ab qua ak frdstdebdscn are cuy dcpnpuker, astns frdstdebns fnc-

prncatdmns fncpertãeb sus rafursns. Zusdarnb e ub kemn sus ecidfdnbas y sa epnyeieb cutuecabta. Vus eftdtumaseibahemes y su habarnsdmem ma aspãrdtu kns praperernb pere rafdidr ke pkabdtum mak pnmar mak Aspãrdtu Vebtn pere tastd`dfer.

Kes ierrares abtra kns àkdhrasas snb tecidäb ierrares fnbtre ke rafapfdöb mak pnmar mak Aspãrdtu Vebtn. Kns fnb`kdftnsabtra kns cdacirns ma ke dhkasde fraeb nistruffdnbas, qua iknquaeb kns rãns ma ke iabmdfdöb mak Aspãrdtu. Fuåb dcpnrtebtaas, abtnbfas, qua pnbhecns e ub kemn buastres paquaões mdàrabfdes ma cnmn qua Lasüs puame raspnbmar e su nrefdöb maLueb 58 ab bnsntrns y pnr camdn ma bnsntrns.

@ubmecabtns ma ke ubdmemKe ubdmem frdstdebe masfebse snira ak ùbmecabtn ma kes fnses aspdrdtuekas qua fncpertdcns.]nmns bnsntrns tabacns ak cdscn Zemra. Vncns ubn pnr vdrtum mak gafgn ma qua äk bns gdzn. Ke Idikde mdfa qua gdzn ma

ube sebhra e tnmes kes befdnbas (Gafgns 58<90).]nmns bnsntrns tabacns ak cdscn Yamabtnr. Vncns ubn pnr vdrtum mak gafgn ma qua tnmns kns ramdcdmns ùarnb

ramdcdmns pnr Mdns (Aàsdns 9<5=-99).]nmns bnsntrns tabacns ke cdsce garabfde. ]nmn ak qua partabafa e Frdstn as perta mak fuarpn ma Frdstn, y Mdns bns ge

mntemn e tnmns pere ak sarvdfdn. Ekhubns tdabab mnbas ceynras qua ntrns, parn feme frayabta tdaba pnr kn cabns ub mnbqua as vekdnsn pere ke amd`dfefdöb mak fuarpn ma Frdstn (5 Fnrdbtdns 59<=-55, 57-95).

]nmns bnsntrns rafdidcns ke cdsce terae. ]nmns gacns sdmn fncdsdnbemns pere abtraher ub cabsela ek cubmn.Ak ax pestnr Ardf Mebdak Gerrds sa mafkerö fukpeika mak dbfabmdn pracamdtemn qua quacö ke dhkasde Ieutdste Cdsdnbare ma

Oabtufoy, ab ak fnbmemn ma Vekdba, Eroebses, su prnpde dhkasde. Ma efuarmn fnb ub `dsfek àmarek, Gerrds mdln qua kn gdznpnrqua ‛geiãe ube mdvdsdöb abtra kns àkdhrasas, y bafasdteieb ub prnyaftn pere ubdrkns– (db`nrca pardnmãstdfn mak 6: macerzn ma 9:::).

Fdartecabta, ak eftn mak pestnr ùa teb axtreõn fncn makdftdvn, parn dkustre ak pubtn. Ekhn qua hnkpae ùarta e ke dhkasde,

qua macebme ub fncprncdsn hrebma ma perta ma kns cdacirns, kns uba. Zarn ak racpkezn ma su amd`dfdn are ube bafasdmemertd`dfdek? Frdstn bns ge memn ube cate ceynr< kkaver e kns parmdmns ab buastres fncubdmemas e mnbma vdvdcns fnb Frdstn.Ke cdsdöb as ke raspuaste ek katerhn ma ke dhkasde. Fncpertdr ak avebhakdn fnb ak cubmn evdve tebtn kes kkeces ma ke ubdmemfncn mak raevdvecdabtn.

Kns mdsfãpukns sa ubdarnb pnrqua Lasüs kas mdn e tnmns ke cdsce terae< ke ma abtraher ub cabsela qua tnmns fncpertãebfnb ub cubmn qua bn kes geiãe asfufgemn. ]nmns bnsntrns tecidäb astecns ubdmns pnr geiar sdmn fncdsdnbemns e kkaver



ub cabsela aspafdek mak `db mak tdacpn, qua as ak ma praperer e asta cubmn pere ak rahrasn ma buastrn Vaõnr (Aàsdns =<59,56? Epnfekdpsds 5=<0-59).

]nmns bnsntrns rafdidcns ak cdscn cabsela pere mer ek cubmn. Ke dhkasde mak Buavn ]astecabtn asteie ubdme ab sucabsela. Kns mdsfãpukns pramdfeieb ke fabtrekdmem ma Frdstn (Fnknsabsas 5<54-96). Frdstn, y äk frufd`dfemn, are su cabsela (5Fnrdbtdns 5<95-96). ]abãeb fkern qua ‛bn gey ntrn bncira ieln ak Fdakn, memn e kns gnciras, ab qua pnmecns sar sekvns–(Gafgns =<59). Ke vdme, cuarta, rasurraffdöb, cdbdstardn sefarmntek y rahrasn ma buastrn Vaõnr kns ubãe. Kns fnbvarsnsbuavns areb fdcabtemns ab ke ‛mnftrdbe ma kns epöstnkas– (Gafgns 9<=5, =9). Vu ubdmem asteie ùbmeme snira kesabsaõebzes ma Lasüs, kn qua ak epöstnk Zamrn kkecö ke ‛varmem prasabta– (9 Zamrn 5<59).

Egnre, ab kns mães `dbekas ma ke gdstnrde ma ke ]darre, Mdns ka ge memn ntre vaz e su puaikn ub cabsela urhabta, ube

varmem prasabta. Asta cabsela as ak qua prnpnrfdnbe ak ùbmecabtn snira ak qua masfebse ke ubdmem mak cnmarbn puaiknma Mdns. Asta ‛avebhakdn atarbn– as ak cabsela mak ludfdn y mak prnbtn rahrasn ma Frdstn (Epnfekdpsds 5=<0-59). Vd ak cabselaqua bns uba ‖ak cabsela ma kns tras åbhakas ‖ as mdkudmn, maspkezemn e ub kuher safubmerdn, n tretemn fncn ube rakdqude maksdhkn WDW, sa `refturerå ke ubdmem ma ke dhkasde. Ke cdsdöb ma ke dhkasde parmarå su urhabfde. Ak cabsela ma ke dhkasde kkaherå esar fnbùsn y köirahn, y parmaracns buastre rezöb ma axdstdr fncn ub cnvdcdabtn prn`ätdfn mak tdacpn mak `db. Keprnfkecefdöb mak cabsela prn`ätdfn ma kns tras åbhakas lustd`dfe ke axdstabfde ma ke Dhkasde Emvabtdste mak Väptdcn Mãe fncnube ubdmem sdbhuker.

]nmns partabafacns e ke cdsce dhkasde. Kns emvabtdstes mak säptdcn mãe ekramamnr mak cubmn aståb ubdmns pnr ubeübdfe nrhebdzefdöb y astrufture afkasdåstdfe. Mdafdsdata cdkknbas ma emvabtdstes mak säptdcn mãe asperfdmns pnr cås mamnsfdabtns peãsas astumdeb kes cdsces huães ma astumdn ma ke Idikde ab ke Asfuake Veiåtdfe, meb rafursns pere kns cdscnsprnyaftns cdsdnbarns, epnyeb ke cdsce nire cubmdek fnb sus mdazcns y n`rabmes, pertdfdpeb ab ke akaffdöb ma kns kãmarascubmdekas feme fdbfn eõns, y tdabab astruftures emcdbdstretdves sdcdkeras ab esnfdefdnbas, ubdnbas, mdvdsdnbas y ab keEsnfdefdöb Habarek. Qbe nrhebdzefdöb sdcdker ma ke dhkasde ab tnmn ak cubmn fnbtrdiuya e ke ubdmem ma ke dhkasde.

Ma asta cnmn, kns sahudmnras ma Lasüs mak Buavn ]astecabtn, tabãeb ak cdscn Fraemnr, ak cdscn Yamabtnr, ke cdscegarabfde, ke cdsce cdsdöb, ak cdscn cabsela y ke cdsce astrufture. Kns frayabtas ma gny tecidäb tdabab kn cdscn. Kesfnses qua bns ubab snb pnr kalns cås bucarnses qua kes qua perafab mdvdmdrbns.

Astrufture y ubdmemAk cubmn mak Buavn ]astecabtn asteie mdvdmdmn, ab hreb camdme, pnr festes, fnbmdfdnbas snfdekas, saxn y amem. Are ub

cubmn turiukabtn. Kns fnbfaptns ma dhuekmem ma marafgns, ma `nrces macnfråtdfes ma hnidarbn, ma mdhbdmem gucebe,areb axtreõns pere ke ceynrãe ma ke habta. Fuebmn ak frdstdebdscn abtrö ab ke asfabe, fraö ube ravnkufdöb snfdek. Kesabsaõebzes ma Lasüs snira dhuekmem, lustdfde, pranfupefdöb pnr kns pniras y raspatn gefde kns cerhdbekdzemns areb

fnbsdmaremns remdfekas ab asns tdacpns.Ab ub cubmn tnmevãe fereftardzemn pnr rakefdnbas quairemes, kufges pnr ak pnmar y fdsces, asta vãbfukn ma ubdmem

ecebta as tnmevãe ub erhucabtn pnmarnsn e èvnr mak frdstdebdscn. Lasüs e`drcö fkerecabta aste varmem ubdvarsek< ‛Abastn fnbnfaråb tnmns qua snds cds mdsfãpukns, sd tuvdarads ecnr kns ubns fnb kns ntrns– (Lueb 56<6=, 61). Kns cdacirns ma kedhkasde mak Buavn ]astecabtn ravakernb ak pnmar mak avebhakdn ab sus vdmes. E paser ma sus mdàrabfdes, asteieb ubdmns abak ecnr ma Lasüs, y su Aspãrdtu Vebtn iabmdln cerevdkknsecabta su tastdcnbdn y cdbdstardn.

Abtnbfas, ¾as ke ubdmem frdstdebe ub esubtn abtarecabta ‛aspdrdtuek–> Zere ke snrprase ma cufgns, ub astumdnfudmemnsn mak Buavn ]astecabtn ravake qua ke dhkasde prdcdtdve tabãe ube astrufture nrhebdzetdve ma`dbdme. Aste astruftureeyumö e fnbsarver ke puraze mnftrdbek ma ke dhkasde, y ke cebtuvn ab`nfeme ab ke cdsdöb. Ab Gafgns 0, ub hrupn paquaõn mamdsfãpukns sa raubdö pere rasnkvar ak prnikace ma ke mdstrdiufdöb ma ekdcabtns e kes vdumes ma kns fnbvarsns hrdahns.Akdhdarnb sdata mdåfnbns pere rasnkvar ak prnikace, y ke dhkasde raspatö ke eutnrdmem ma asns kãmaras ma ke dhkasde.

Fuebmn ak epöstnk Zeikn sa fnbvdrtdö ab ak fecdbn e Mecesfn, ùa mdrdhdmn gefde Ebebdes, ub raprasabtebta ma ke dhkasde

(Gafgns 4<5:-58). Maspuäs qua Ebebdes ieutdzö e Veukn, ak Aspãrdtu Vebtn kn mdrdhdö e raubdrsa fnb kns kãmaras ma ke dhkasde abLarusekäb, qudabas fnb`drcernb su cdbdstardn (Gafgns 4<90-6:). Gafgns 9: dbmdfe qua cås terma ab su vdme, Zeikn saraubdöb fnb kns ebfdebns ma ke dhkasde ab Äàsn y kns dbstö e aster ab huermde fnbtre kns èksns ceastrns qudabas treterãeb maabtrer ab ke dhkasde y asperfdr sus garalães (Gafgns 9:<58, 98-69).

Gafgns tecidäb bns fuabte qua ak fnbfdkdn ma Larusekäb sekvö e ke dhkasde mak sdhkn prdcarn ma ub hreva fdsce. Knskãmaras ma ke dhkasde qua geiãeb rafdidmn eutnrdmem emcdbdstretdve sdrvdarnb e ke dhkasde mak Buavn ]astecabtn ek fnbsarversu dbtahrdmem mnftrdbek. Ab asta fesn, kns raprasabtebtas ma mdvarses fnbhrahefdnbas ùarnb e Larusekäb pere pertdfdper abdcpnrtebtas mdsfusdnbas mnftrdbekas. Fuebmn kns cdacirns ma aste fncdsdöb raprasabtetdve kkahernb e ub fnbsabsn,asfrdidarnb su mafdsdöb y ke gdfdarnb fdrfuker pnr tnmes kes dhkasdes ab kes qua sa geiãe nrdhdbemn ak prnikace (Gafgns 51<96).Kns àkdhrasas efapternb ke mafdsdöb mak fnbfdkdn ma Larusekäb y sa ekahrernb ma qua ak Aspãrdtu Vebtn kns geiãe hudemn ab keraspuaste e su mdkace (Gafgns 51<6:-61).

Ke ubdmem y astrufture ma ke dhkasde frdstdebe mak Buavn ]astecabtn prnvayö ub fkdce qua epnyeie ak raevdvecdabtn.Kns kãmaras ma ke dhkasde vdelernb e kes fnbhrahefdnbas, fncpertdabmn ub cabsela ma raevdvecdabtn. Va asteikafdarnbdhkasdes buaves, y kes qua ye axdstãeb ùarnb `nrtekafdmes y asteidkdzemes.

Mdns ebgake ravaker su ecnr ek cubmn pnr camdn ma su dhkasde. Vu db tabfdöb as qua ‛ke cuktd`nrca seidmurãe ma Mdns saeegnre meme e fnbnfar pnr camdn ma ke dhkasde e kns prdbfdpemns y pntastemas ab kns kuheras fakastdekas, fnb`nrca ekprnpösdtn atarbn qua gdzn ab Frdstn Lasüs buastrn Vaõnr– (Aàsdns 6<5:, 55).



Ke ubdmem bn sa knhre fnb asparerke n masaerke. As ak rasuktemn ma ekhn cufgn ceynr. Ak db`nrca ma Gafgns ravake traspråftdfes iåsdfes qua cebtabãeb ubdmns e kns frayabtas qua vdvdarnb murebta ke are mak Buavn ]astecabtn. Nreieb lubtns.Astumdeieb ke Zekeire ma Mdns lubtns. T lubtns treieleieb pere fncpertdr su à.

Ke nrefdöb, ak astumdn ma ke Idikde, y ke tastd`dfefdöb snb akacabtns pnmarnsns pere fraer, `ncabter y snstabar ke ubdmemma ke dhkasde. Ek nrer kns ubns pnr kns ntrns, bns efarfecns cås. Ek astumder kns ubns fnb kns ntrns ak dbehnteika ecnr yhrefde ma Mdns fncn kn ravake su Zekeire kkabe buastrns fnreznbas fnb ecnr cutun. T ak pertdfdper ab kns asùarznsavebhakdzemnras gefde ke fncubdmem ab ke qua vdvdcns, frae ub sabtdcdabtn ma ubdmem n ma raubdöb, y ak mapabmar ma Mdnspere qua raekdfa ub cdkehrn ma su hrefde y ekfebfa e buastrns ecdhns y vafdbns fnb ak avebhakdn, bns uba cås.

Qbe dhkasde vdve, mdbåcdfe, ubdme y raevdveme as equakke ab ke qua kns cdacirns nreb lubtns, astumdeb ke Zekeire ma Mdns

lubtns, y sekab gefde ke fncubdmem fnb ke tastd`dfefdöb. Asta as ak pkeb fakastdek pere tu dhkasde. Asta as ak prnpösdtn ma Mdnspere tu fnbhrahefdöb. Fuekqudar ntre fnse bn kkahe ek dmaek mdvdbn, y kdcdte ke aàftdvdmem ma su puaikn, sus cabselarns.

Kns fnb`kdftns ab ke dhkasde snb ube iurke pere ke dhkasde. Mdsfutdr kns ubns fnb kns ntrns ab ak bncira ma Lasüs asfnbtrerdn ek aspãrdtu mak frdstdebdscn. Ke `rdffdöb mastruya ak fncpeõardscn. Hrefdes e Mdns, gey ube snkufdöb. Nrer lubtnsfnb fnreznbas gucdkmas, fnbàser buastrns pafemns, errapabtdcns ma buastrn nrhukkn, a dbtarfamar kns ubns pnr kns ntrns ypnr ub cubmn parmdmn, tnmevãe uba fnreznbas, eub kns saperemns pnr ub eidscn eperabtacabta dcpnsdika ma fruzer.

FEZÃ]QKN 7

Ak mdsfarbdcdabtn< ke sekvehuermde

mak raevdvecdabtn

b mãe, tacprebn ab cd cdbdstardn, asteie astumdebmn ke Idikde fnb ube ècdkde fuebmn ub gncira rumnqua ùceie ub hreb fdherrn abtrö e ke geidtefdöb y axfkecö ab vnz cås idab ekte< ‛¡Ekeiemn sae Mdns,astny sebemn!– Fuebmn prahubtä ma quä abàrcamem geiãe sdmn sebemn, axfkecö< ‛¡Fåbfar!– Uuamä

snrprabmdmn. Equã asteie ak gncira, e`drcebmn qua Mdns kn geiãe sebemn ma fåbfar ma pukcöb, y ¡sahuãeùcebmn ub fdherrn!

Bn fran qua Mdns ka axtabmarãe ke vdme e ub gncira pere qua pumdare sahudr meõebmn su fuarpn. Zerafa,abtnbfas, cås idab qua Vetebås asteie masvdebmn ek pnira gncira.

Ekhubns ma kns abheõns ma Vetebås snb cås fncpkalns. Fuebmn absaõeie ub sacdberdn tdtukemn ‛Uudtebmn aksakkn e kns cdstardns ma Mebdak–, ube cular ma amem camdebe sa efarfö e cã maspuäs ma ube prasabtefdöb, y ab surnstrn sa vaãe esncirn. Ek efarfersa, mdln eiruptecabta< ‛Hrefdes, pestnr, pnr ke fkesa ma aste bnfga. ¡Ca ge memnasparebze!–

Aste cular mdln qua ubns sads casas ebtas ka geiãeb mdehbnstdfemn fåbfar, y masma abtnbfas, ak fåbfar geiãegafgn catåstesds, y ak ùturn perafãe sncirãn. Mdln qua ekhubns ecdhns frdstdebns idab dbtabfdnbemns ka geiãebmdfgn qua sd tabãe ̀ a su`dfdabta, Mdns ke seberãe. Esã qua nreie, parn ab kuher ma qua ak fåbfar mdscdbuyare, frafãe.

Vus ecdhns abtnbfas ka mdlarnb qua maiãe tabar ekhüb pafemn ab su vdme qua ka dcpamãe qua Mdns ke sebere. Kecular ca mdln qua ase e`drcefdöb ke malö mavesteme. Egnre, bn snkn tabãe fåbfar, sdbn sa ka geiãe mdehbnstdfemnèkte ma à y sar fukpeika ma huermer ekhüb pafemn safratn.

‛Zarn egnre–, sdhudö mdfdabmn ke cular, ‛abtdabmn ke à pnr prdcare vaz. ]abar à bn sdhbd`dfe qua tabhnfnb`debze mabtrn ma cã pere axdhdr e Mdns qua ca mä kn qua qudarn. Vdhbd`dfe fnb`der ab tnme fdrfubstebfde ma cdvdme qua äk tnmevãe as cd calnr ecdhn. Vdhbd`dfe seiar qua äk bn masae cd cek y qua sdacpra tdaba ub calnrdbtaräs ab vdste, eubqua bn abtdabme sus fecdbns–.

Ak gncira mak fdherrn axdhãe qua Mdns kn sebere? ke cular fnb fåbfar fnb`deie ab Mdns eubqua bn ke sebere. Ak

gncira mak fdherrn pratabmãe geiar sdmn sebemn? akke asteie ab pez eub fuebmn bn geiãe sebemn. Ak mds-farbdcdabtn aspdrdtuek bns kkave e efapter kns fecdbns ma Mdns eub fuebmn bn kns abtabmecns. Bns fnbmufa etabar ke ‛pez ma Mdns, qua snirapese tnmn abtabmdcdabtn– y e fnb`der ab kn qua e vafas mase`ãe ke rezöb gucebe.

Ke à èksd`dfeme astå fabtreme ab ke parsnbe. Va fnbfabtre ab buastre vnkubtem, bn ab ke ma Mdns? ab buastrnsmasans, bn ab kns suyns? ab kn qua quaracns, bn ab kn qua äk qudara, Aste eftdtum ahnfäbtrdfe bns gefa vukbareikas

Q



e kns abheõns setåbdfns. Ke à iãikdfe habudbe, pnr ntrn kemn, bn sa iese ab buastrns sabtdcdabtns, buastre köhdfe,n kes fdrfubstebfdes ma buastre vdme. Ab fecidn, sa fabtre ab Mdns. Va ab`nfe ab su ecnr dbfnbmdfdnbek, supranfupefdöb parsnbek, su pnmar ncbdpntabta.

¾Zuama ak mdeikn fraer ube èkse axfdtefdöb rakdhdnse, raekdzer cdkehrns èksns, y maler ke dcprasdöb ma quanfurrdö ub raevdvecdabtn habudbn> Znr supuastn, ke raspuaste as sã. E vafas, Vetebås treiele ieln ak mds`rez maraevdvecdabtns, saõekas y cerevdkkes èkses. Vdb acierhn, ke raspuaste ek prnikace ma kns raevdvecdabtns èksnsfdartecabta bn as ak axtracn npuastn< ak `rãn `nrcekdscn rakdhdnsn. ]ecpnfn as ube tdidaze kenmdfabsa. Mdnspuama gefar cdkehrns, y kns gefa, y maiarãecns asparer cås ma akkns cdabtres ke gdstnrde sa eprasure ab kkaher ekfkãcex. Ab asta fepãtukn astumderacns kns dbmdfemnras ma ub raevdvecdabtn habudbn, esã fncn kes saõekas nivdesma kns raevdvecdabtns ̀ eksns. Fnbnfar kes mdàrabfdes abtra kns mns bns sekverå ma kns abheõns mak abacdhn.

Ke vnkubtem ma Mdns y su Zekeire

Ke asabfde mak varmemarn raevdvecdabtn as masfuirdr y gefar ke vnkubtem ma Mdns fncn ke fncubdfö pnr suZekeire. Fnbsdmare ak raevdvecdabtn ab mães mak ray Lnsães, ma Lumå. Murebta kns radbemns ma Cebesäs y Ecöb, Lumå sa geiãe epertemn kalns ma ke Zekeire ma Mdns y ma su vnkubtem, parmdabmn ke ceynr perta, sd bn tnmes, ma kesiabmdfdnbas qua geiãeb rafdidmn mak raevdvecdabtn hudemn pnr ak Aspãrdtu qua ke befdöb geiãe axpardcabtemnfuebmn hniarbeie ak ray Azaquães. Lnsães asteie mafdmdmn e huder ma buavn ek puaikn ma Mdns e ke niamdabfde e suvnkubtem.

Gdkfães, ak sucn sefarmnta, abfnbtrö ‛ak kdirn ma ke kay ab ke fese ma Lagnvå– (9 Yay as 99<7). Va bns mdfa qua

fuebmn kayarnb ase pnrfdöb ma ke Asfrdture ek ray Lnsães y sus süimdtns, akkns sa errapdbtdarnb y iusfernb e Mdnsab nrefdöb. Kuahn mastruyarnb sus ãmnkns y axpuksernb ma Lumå e kns sefarmntas dmöketres y e kns cämducsaspdrdtdstes. Ak Aspãrdtu Vebtn nirö pnr camdn ma su Zekeire pere fncabzer ube rabnvefdöb y ra`nrce aspdrdtuekasqua eierfö e tnme ke befdöb.

Kes cates ma tnme varmemare rabnvefdöb aspdrdtuek snb fnbnfar e Mdns y gefar su vnkubtem. (Par Lueb 58<6?Gairans 5:<8) Fuekqudar esã kkecemn raevdvecdabtn qua sa fnbfabtre ab buastre axpardabfde ab vaz ma ke vn-kubtem ma Mdns y ab su Zekeire, bn me pere beme ab ak ikebfn. Ak Aspãrdtu Vebtn bubfe bns huderå pnr sabmarnsqua ke Zekeire ma Mdns prngãia qua ebmacns. Ak Aspãrdtu Vebtn ùa qudab dbspdrö ke Zekeire. Äk bns huãe mnbma keZekeire mdfa qua maiacns dr (9 ]dc. 6<51,50). Ke Zekeire ma Mdns as tebtn ak ùbmecabtn fncn ak fnrezöb ma tnmnvarmemarn raevdvecdabtn.

Lasüs mafkerö< ‛Ak aspãrdtu as ak qua me vdme? ke ferba pere beme eprnvafge. Kes pekeires qua yn ns ga geikemnsnb aspãrdtu y snb vdme– (Lueb 0<06). Ke mafkerefdöb ma Lasüs tdaba hreb dcpnrtebfde. Ak Aspãrdtu Vebtn, qudab as keùabta ma tnmn raevdvecdabtn aspdrdtuek, geike pnr camdn ma ke Zekeire ma Mdns, mebmn vdme aspdrdtuek habudbe equdabas sdhuab su fnbmuffdöb. Ak raevdvecdabtn sufama fuebmn ak Aspãrdtu Vebtn dcprasdnbe kes pekeires ma Lasüs snira buastres cabtas. Znr astn ak Vekvemnr mdfa< ‛Bn snkn ma peb vdvdrå ak gncira, sdbn ma tnme pekeirequa seka ma ke infe ma Mdns– (Cetan =<=). Fuebmn ke habta masfudme n cabnsprafde ke Zekeire ma Mdns, praperebak asfaberdn pere ub raevdvecdabtn èksn fereftardzemn pnr ke axfdtefdöb rakdhdnse. Akabe ma Xgdta bns me astesnkacba emvartabfde<

‛Ab cufgns ma kns maspartecdabtns rakdhdnsns qua sa geb prnmufdmn murebta ak üktdcn camdn sdhkn, sa gebmalemn sabtdr, ab ceynr n cabnr hremn, kes cdsces db`kuabfdes qua sa alarfaråb ab kns cnvdcdabtns vabdmarnscås axtabsns. Gey ube ehdtefdöb acntdve, cazfke ma kn varmemarn fnb kn èksn, cuy eprnpdeme pere axtrevder eubn. Bn nistebta, bemda bafasdte sar samufdmn. E ke kuz ma ke Zekeire ma Mdns bn as md`ãfdk matarcdber kebeturekaze ma astns cnvdcdabtns. Mnbmaqudare qua kns gnciras masfudmab ak tastdcnbdn ma ke Idikde y sa ekalab

ma kes varmemas fkeres qua sdrvab pere prnier ak ekce y qua raqudarab eibahefdöb y masprabmdcdabtn makcubmn, pnmacns aster sahurns ma qua Mdns bn mdspabse ekkã sus iabmdfdnbas– (Ak fnb`kdftn ma kns sdhkns, pp. 158,157).

]ecidäb ab buastrns tdacpns, ke Zekeire ma Mdns as ak ùbmecabtn cdscn mak raevdvecdabtn y ubesekvehuermde fnbtre kns abheõns mak abacdhn. Esã qua, sa bns dbstruya< ‛Vnkn kns qua geyeb `nrtekafdmn suaspãrdtu fnb kes varmemas ma ke Idikde pnmråb rasdstdr ab ak üktdcn hreb fnb`kdftn– (Ak fnb`kdftn ma kns sdhkns, p. 015).

Ak ecnr ma Mdns y su Kay

Fnbnfar e Lasüs ‖raekcabta fnbnfarkn fncn e ub ecdhn‖ as ke asabfde ma tnmn raevdvecdabtn. Ak epöstnk Zeiknkas mdln e kns aàsdns qua äk asteie nrebmn pnr akkns pere qua pumdareb ‛fnbnfar ak ecnr ma Frdstn, qua axfama etnmn fnbnfdcdabtn–, pere qua saeb kkabns ma tnme ke pkabdtum ma Mdns (Aàsdns 6<54). Lasüs cdscn geikö ma asterakefdöb. Ab su peråinke ma kes mdaz vãrhabas, fdbfn sa quamernb sdb efadta. Fuebmn fnbsdhudarnb ekhn yprahubternb sd pnmãeb ubdrsa e ke fakairefdöb ma ke inme, ak Aspnsn, Lasüs, kas mdln< ‛Bn ns fnbnzfn– (Cet an91<59).

Axtardnrcabta, equakkes fdbfn vãrhabas perafdarnb tabar ube `nrce ma pdamem, parn kas èkteie ube axpardabfdeãbtdce fnb Lasüs. Äk pusn su mamn snira ak cdscn fnrezöb ma ke à frdstdebe fuebmn nrö< ‛Aste as ke vdme atarbe<



qua ta fnbnzfeb e td, ak übdfn Mdns varmemarn, y e Lasufrdstn, e qudab ges abvdemn– (Lueb 58<6). Ak ceynr e bgaknma Lasüs as tabar ube fncubdöb astrafge y parsnbek fnb su puaikn qua fnbstdtuya su dhkasde mak tdacpn mak `db(Epnfekdpsds 6<9:).

Ab feme habarefdöb, ak mdeikn ge dbtabtemn èksd`dfer ak varmemarn raevdvecdabtn a dbtrnmufdr èksamemas.Avdmabtacabta, ab kns mães ma Lueb, ieln ke eperdabfde ma raevdvecdabtn sa db`dktrernb ab ke dhkasde ekhubes`nrces ma garalãe. Znr alacpkn, asteieb kns frdstdebns hböstdfns, qua cazfkeieb absaõebzes bn iãikdfes fnb kesvarmemas ma ke Zekeire ma Mdns. Baheieb ke abferbefdöb, absaõebmn qua Lasüs snkn perafdö tabar ub fuarpngucebn, y absaõernb qua ke `nrce ma sar sekvns are eprabmar ‛varmemas– asntärdfes qua snkn akkns pnmãebabsaõer.

Lueb fnbtrerrastö astes garalães fnbfabtråbmnsa ab ak befdcdabtn, ke cuarta y ke rasurraffdöb ma Lasüs, y ekpkebtaer ke raekdmem ma qua ‛fnbnfar e Mdns–, ab ub sabtdmn aspdrdtuek aàftdvn, sdhbd`dfe cufgn cås qua fnbnfarkes fnses ma Mdns supuastecabta nfuktes ma ntres parsnbes. Ak fnbnfdcdabtn ma Mdns qua veka as ak qua ke habtaeprabma pnr camdn ma tabar ube rakefdöb parsnbek fnb äk. Zere Lueb, fnbnfar e Lasüs sdhbd`dfeie axpardcabterparsnbekcabta su hrefde, ecerkn ab `nrce suprace, y niamafarkn ma tnmn fnrezöb.

Lueb mastefö su fncprabsdöb ma kn qua sdhbd`dfe fnbnfar e Lasüs fnb astes pekeires< ‛Ak qua mdfa quaparcebafa ab äk, maia ebmer fncn äk ebmuvn– (5 Lueb 9<0). Ab ak taxtn hrdahn ke pekeire tremufdme ‛parcebafa–as cäbn. Vdhbd`dfe fnbtdbuer astebmn prasabta n quamer, saõekåbmnbns e ube rasdmabfde n parcebabfde fnbtdbueab Lasüs, kn qua bns fnbmufa e ube vdme trebs`nrceme, ube vdme ma niamdabfde. Axpardcabter ak ecnr ma Lasüs,camdter ab su dbcabsn sefrd`dfdn, y fnbtacpker ke fruz y fuåbtn gdzn Lasüs pnr bnsntrns, bns fecide. Ab ke fruzbuastrns murns fnreznbas snb quairemns y sncns gafgns buavns e ke kuz ma su sefrd`dfdn eirucemnr.

Ab su kdirn Cdrefka nb tga Ydvar Owed _Cdkehrn snira ak rãn OwedS, Arbast Hnrmnb fuabte ube gdstnrdeesncirnse efarfe mak pnmar mak ecnr qua sa sefrd`dfe. Kns avabtns nfurrdarnb murebta ke Vahubme HuarreCubmdek, ab ub fecpecabtn ma prdsdnbarns ma huarre ab ]edkebmde nffdmabtek. Kns snkmemns prasns ùarnbpuastns ekkã e treieler ab ub puabta àrrnvderdn. Kes fnbmdfdnbas ma su feutdvardn areb teb cekes qua su fnbmuftegeiãe kkahemn e sar ieriårdfe< eiuseieb kns ubns ma kns ntrns. Abtnbfas, ube terma nfurrdö ekhn qua fecidö susvdmes.

Kns feptnras tabãeb pnr raspnbseikas e kns prasns pnr kes garrecdabtes qua useieb, fnbtåbmnkes fnb`rafuabfde pere aster sahurns ma qua bn sa rnieieb bdbhube. Ab ubn ma asns ‛fnbter kes garrecdabtes– knshuermdes abfnbtrernb qua kas ̀ ekteie ube peke.

‛Ak n`dfdek e ferhn sa abùrafdö. Axdhdö qua ke peke èktebta eperafdare, sd bn... Fuebmn bemda mak asfuemröb sacnvdö, ak n`dfdek tncö su erce y ecabezö fnb ceterkns ekkã cdscn. _...S Are nivdn qua ak n`dfdek geikeie ab sardn.@dbekcabta, ub gncira mdn ub pesn ek `rabta. Ak n`dfdek pusn ak erce e ub kemn, tncö ube peke y hnkpaö ekgncira geste ceterkn. Fuebmn tarcdbö, kns sniravdvdabtas tncernb su fuarpn y kn kkavernb fnb akkns e ubsahubmn fnbtrnk ma garrecdabtes. Aste vaz, bn èktö bdbhube peke. Ab raekdmem, ab ak prdcar fnbtan sa geiãebaqudvnfemn.

‛Ke bntdfde fnrrdö fncn ak ùahn pnr tnmn ak fecpecabtn. ¡Qb gncira dbnfabta geiãe astemn mdspuastn ecnrdr pere sekver e kns macås! _...S Ak dbfdmabta tuvn ub aàftn prnùbmn. _...S Kns gnciras fncabzernb e tretersaubns e ntrns fncn garcebns.

‛Fuebmn abtrernb kns ekdemns ek fecpecabtn, kns sniravdvdabtas, asquakatns gucebns, `nrcernb makebta masus feptnras lepnbasas, y ab kuher ma eteferkns dbsdstdarnb< ‗Bn cås nmdn. Bn cås cuartas. Egnre kn quabafasdtecns as parmöb—–.

Ak ecnr ‖ecnr qua sa sefrd`dfe‖ cerfe ube mdàrabfde prnùbme. Ak fabtrn ma tnmn varmemarn raevdvecdabtnas ub eprafdn sdbfarn mak ecnr dbfnbmdfdnbek y sefrd`dfemn ma Lasüs, qua eierfe tnmn.

@nrcekdscn, èbetdscn y à

Qbn ma kns mase`ãns ek varmemarn raevdvecdabtn as avdter kns axtracns< quairer ak gdakn mak `nrcekdscncdabtres sa cebtdaba kalns ma kes kkeces mak ̀ ebetdscn.

Kns `nrcekdstes aståb rãhdmecabta abfarremns ab ak stetu qun. Va setdsèfab fnb ke fåsfere axtarbe ma kerakdhdöb cdabtres bdaheb ke raekdmem vdvdabta ma ke à. Kns èbåtdfns aståb ab ak ntrn axtracn. ]dabmab e fnbfab-trersa ab ub espaftn ma ke à fnb masfudmn ma tnmns kns macås, y e cabns aståb kkabns ma lustdfde prnpde, y snbcuy frãtdfns. ]ebtn ak `nrcekdscn fncn ak èbetdscn snb abacdhns ma ke habudbe à iãikdfe. ]ek à quairebte susecerres. As ke cebn qua sa .astdre pere rafdidr ak pnmar mak Aspãrdtu Vebtn ab ak prncatdmn raevdvecdabtn quamasfrdia ak Epnfekdpsds pere ak tdacpn mak ̀ db.

Lasüs axprasö ekhubes ma sus raprabsdnbas cås ùartas e kns kãmaras rakdhdnsns qua carecabta pratabmãeb sarrakdhdnsns, parn sus fnreznbas asteieb kkabns ma ahnãscn y everdfde. Axfkecö< ‛¡Ey ma vnsntrns, asfrdies yèrdsans, gdpöfrdtes! Znrqua mdazcåds ke cabte y ak abakmn y ak fncdbn, y malåds kn cås dcpnrtebta ma ke kay< ke lustdfde, ke cdsardfnrmde y ke à. Astn are bafaserdn gefar, sdb maler equakkn– (Cetan 96<96).

Ke pekeire hrdahe gypnorãsds as ke reãz ma buastre pekeire ‛gdpöfrdte–. Vdhbd`dfe ‛eftuer–, n ‛masacpaõer ubrnk–. Ak mdffdnberdn ma ke Yaek Efemacde Aspeõnke ke ma`dba fncn ube parsnbe ‛qua eftüe fnb `dbhdcdabtn ma



fuekdmemas n sabtdcdabtns fnbtrerdns e kns qua varmemarecabta sa tdabab–. Ak prnikace fnb ak `nrcekdscnrakdhdnsn as qua tdaba tnmn ak espaftn axtardnr ma ke aspdrdtuekdmem, parn ka èkte ub fnrezöb trebs`nrcemn. Ak`nrcekdscn gakemn bafasdte sar fekabtemn pnr ak ̀ uahn mak raevdvecdabtn ma cnmn qua sa marrdte su `rdekmem ab kehknrde ma ke prasabfde ma Mdns.

Ak èbetdscn `nhnsn as dhuekcabta pakdhrnsn. Kes saõekas y cdkehrns bubfe puamab tncer ak kuher ma keeutäbtdfe à iãikdfe. Bn snb ub sustdtutn ma ke abtrahe e ke vnkubtem y e ke Zekeire ma Mdns. Ke asabfde mak varme-marn raevdvecdabtn as ube à ab Lasüs qua as teb prnùbme qua kkave e kes parsnbes e fncprncatarsa e gefar suvnkubtem. Qb raevdvecdabtn iesemn ab ke Idikde as fncn ub afn ma kes pekeires ma Lueb< ‛Znrqua tnmn kn qua asbefdmn ma Mdns vabfa ek cubmn? y aste as ke vdftnrde qua ge vabfdmn ek cubmn, buastre à– (5 Lueb 1<=). Akabe maXgdta prahubtö< ‛¾Uuä fkesa ma à vabfa ek cubmn> As ke à qua gefa ma Frdstn su Vekvemnr parsnbek, ase à qua,rafnbnfdabmn su dcpntabfde, su tntek dbfepefdmem pere sekversa e sã cdscn, sa eàrre mak Euxdkdemnr qua aspnmarnsn pere sekver fncn su übdfe asparebze– (Ya`kalacns e Lasüs, p. 56).

Cdbdstardn y cdkehrns

Ke habta dbvnkufreme ab kns èksns raevdvecdabtns e cabumn pnba ak ceynr äbèsds ab saõekas y cdkehrnsaspaftefukeras. Kns raevdvecdabtns habudbns, ab fecidn, ab ak cdbdstardn y ak sarvdfdn qua sa sefrd`dfe e sã cdscn.Yafnbnfab qua ak ceynr cdkehrn as ube vdme trebs`nrceme.

Kns cdkehrns ma sebdmem ma Lasüs tastd`dfeb mak gafgn ma qua äk as ak Casães. Fncn buastrn Yamabtnrfncpesdvn, ak Vekvemnr asteie pranfupemn ab ekdvder ak su`rdcdabtn gucebn, parn asteie eüb cås pranfupemn

pnr ke sekvefdöb atarbe ma tnmns equakkns e qudabas tnfeie su hrefde sebemnre. Ak prnpösdtn mak cdbdstardn ma Lasüs ùa ‛iusfer y sekver– e ke gucebdmem parmdme (Kufes 54<5:). Lasüs usö ke furefdöb mak perekãtdfn pere macnstrer su pnmar y eutnrdmem aspdrdtuekas. Kas mdln e kns kãmaras

rakdhdnsns lumãns qua äk asteie e pubtn ma gefar ub cdkehrn ‛pere qua sapåds qua ak Gdln mak Gncira tdabapntastem pere parmnber pafemns–. Kuahn ka mdln ek perekãtdfn< ‛Kavåbteta, tnce tu fece, y vata e tu fese– (Cetan4<0). Ke cuktdtum qua vdn asta cdkehrn hknrd`dfö e Mdns (vars. 7). Kns cdkehrns carecabta ùarnb ube eyume ab akcdbdstardn ramabtnr ma Lasüs. Ak bn vdbn e ke ]darre prdbfdpekcabta pere gefar cdkehrns. Bn are ub gefamnr macerevdkkes sabsefdnbekdste. Äk are ak Yamabtnr mak cubmn (Lueb 6<50? Cetan 5<95).

Lasüs absaõö, pramdfö y sebö fnb ub prnpösdtn aspafã`dfn< hknrd`dfer e su Zemra fakastdek. Vu cdbdstardn tarrabekravakö ak ecnr y ak fudmemn mak Zemra. Lubtn ek astebqua ma Iatasme, Lasüs sebö e ub su`rdabta qua bn tabãeasparebze qua geiãe astemn ek inrma mak ehue murebta tradbte y nfgn eõns. Maspuäs qua sebö ek gncira, kaemvdrtdö< ‛Bn paquas cås, pere qua bn ta vabhe ekhube fnse panr– (Lueb 1<5=). Kns cdkehrns ma Lasüs sdacpra saraekdzernb ab ak fnbtaxtn ma su cdbdstardn cås ecpkdn< hknrd`dfer e su Zemra fakastdek y gefar mdsfãpuknsniamdabtas.

Ak epöstnk Zeikn insqualö ke astretahde mak tdacpn mak `db mak ‛dbdfun– (ak ‛ebtdfrdstn–). Mdln qua ak pnmar makcek nirerãe ‛fnb hreb pnmar y saõekas y prnmdhdns cabtdrnsns– (9 ]aseknbdfabsas 9<4). Lasüs tecidäb emvdrtdö esus mdsfãpukns efarfe ma kes ertares trates mak cekdhbn. Mafkerö qua ‛sa kavebteråb èksns Frdstns, y èksnsprnàtes, y geråb hrebmas saõekas y prnmdhdns, ma tek cebare qua abheõeråb, sd ùara pnsdika, eub e knsasfnhdmns– (Cetan 9=<9=). Ak Epnfekdpsds fnb`drce aste pevnrnse raekdmem< Vetebås userå cdkehrns pere abheõer ecuktdtumas y fnbmufdrkes e rafdidr ke cerfe ma ke iastde. (Par Epnfekdpsds 56<56, 5=? 50<5=? 54<9:). Bntefudmemnsecabta pnr quä cdkknbas saråb abheõemns pnr astns cdkehrns èksns. As ‛pnr fuebtn bn rafdidarnb akecnr ma ke varmem pere sar sekvns–, y fncn ‛bn frayarnb e ke varmem, sdbn qua sa fncpkefdarnb ab ke dblustdfde–,efapternb ub hreb abheõn y frayarnb ube cabtdre (9 ]aseknbdfabsas 9<5:-59). Zeikn mastefe ub pubtn èsfdbebta.

Mdfa qua astes parsnbes saråb abheõemes pnr cdkehrns èksns ‛pnrqua bn rafdidarnb ak ecnr ma ke varmem–. Fuebmn kehabta masae kn aspaftefuker cås qua kes varmemas ma ke Zekeire ma Mdns qua trebs`nrceb kes vdmes, sus cabtasaståb eidartes ek abheõn.

Ke peråinke mak gncira rdfn y Kåzern fnbfkuya fnb astes pekeires ehumes< ‛Ces Eiregec _ab raekdmem, ùaMdnsS ka mdln< Vd bn nyab e Cndsäs y e kns prnàtes, tecpnfn sa parsuemdråb eubqua ekhubn sa kavebtera ma knscuartns– (Kufes 50<65). Ab ntres pekeires, kes saõekas y cdkehrns cerevdkknsns bubfe puamab tncer ak kuher ma kefncprabsdöb y ke niamdabfde e ke Zekeire ma Mdns. Ke niamdabfde e Mdns as iåsdfe. Kns cdkehrns snb avabtnssnirabeturekas ab kns qua Mdns nire pere ekdvder ak su`rdcdabtn, mer hknrde e su bncira, y mer framdidkdmem e keprnfkecefdöb mak avebhakdn. Mdns bubfe tuvn ke dbtabfdöb qua akkns sustdtuyeb ak gefar su vnkubtem.Kns frdstdebns cemurns prnfureb fnbnfar e Lasüs ab `nrce ãbtdce. Vu rakefdöb fnb äk as vdtek. Akkns aståbmdspuastns e parcdtdr qua äk nira pnr camdn ma akkns ma ke cebare qua fnbsdmara calnr. Zrnfureb vdvdr vdmes

pdemnses y niamdabtas, y parcdtdrka qua dcperte kns mnbas qua kns aqudperåb calnr pere sarvdrka. Yafnbnfab quaak ̀ rutn mak Aspãrdtu as ke fereftarãstdfe mak raevdvecdabtn habudbn.



FEZÃ]QKN 4

Ya`nrce<

ke fnbsafuabfde

mak raevdvecdabtn

afdabtacabta, ub fnkahe y yn aståiecns mdeknhebmn snira ak rabnvemn äbèsds ma ke dhkasde efarfe makraevdvecdabtn y ke ra`nrce, y äk ca prahubtö< ‛¾Uuä quaracns mafdr axeftecabta fnb ak tärcdbn ra- `nrce>–

Vu rezöb pere pkebtaer ke prahubte fdartecabta as våkdme. Ya`nrce puama sdhbd`dfer fnses mdàrabtas ab

parsnbes mdàrabtas. ¾Astecns geikebmn mak cnvdcdabtn ma ra`nrce rakdhdnse mak sdhkn WPD> ¾N astecnsgeikebmn efarfe ma kns ‛emvabtdstes ma ke Ya`nrce– qua fraab qua ke dhkasde astå ab epnstesãe y qua Mdns kns gekkecemn e sekdr ma ke dhkasde pere `nrcer ub cnvdcdabtn saperemn> ¾N pabsecns ab ke ra`nrce ma ke cabta, ma kemdate y mak vastdmn> ¾Va astå mdfdabmn fnb ra`nrce fecider buastres dbstdtufdnbas cämdfes y amufetdves> ¾Vdhbd`dfebafaserdecabta qua ke dhkasde astå ab epnstesãe>

Ak raevdvecdabtn y ke ra`nrce bn snb beme buavn. Ecins maiarãeb sar axpardabfdes fnbtdbues ab ke vdme mafeme frayabta. Vdabmn qua buastres beturekazes snb feãmes, ak Aspãrdtu Vebtn bns kkave e ke rabnvefdöb aspdrdtuekfeme mãe. Mderdecabta Mdns marrece buavns sucdbdstrns ma su hrefde y pnmar snira kns qua sa errnmdkkeb makebtama su trnbn. Fuebmn pesecns tdacpn ab su hknrdnse prasabfde camdebta ke nrefdöb y ak astumdn ma su Zekeire,sncns trebs`nrcemns. ]ek vaz pnr asn ak sekcdste fkecö< ‛E`kdhdmn astny ab hre b cebare? vdvd`ãfeca, ng Lagnvå,fnb`nrca e tu pekeire– (Vekcn 554<5:8).

Ab su sahubme ferte e kns ]aseknbdfabsas, ak epöstnk Zeikn ke kkece ke ‛sebtd`dfefdöb pnr ak Aspãrdtu– (9]aseknbdfabsas 9<56). Ab Yncebns äk geike ma akke fncn ‛trebs`nrcens pnr camd n ma ke rabnvefdöb ma vuastrnabtabmdcdabtn– (Yncebns 59<9). Ab Gairans, dbste e qua ‛pertdfdpacns ma su sebtdmem– (Gairans 59<5:). T Zamrnebdce e tnmns kns frayabtas< ‛frafam ab ke hrefde– (9 Zam rn 6<57). Ab su dbvdtefdöb, ke pekeire frafar bn as pesdve,sdbn eftdve, y ke effdöb -ak frafdcdabtn- as fnbtdbun. Ak pesela pnmrãe sar tremufdmn fncn ‛sahudm frafdabmn abhrefde–.

Astns prdcarns frdstdebns ye geiãeb evebzemn iestebta ab sus vdmes aspdrdtuekas, parn maiãeb sahudrfrafdabmn. Fncn Zeikn, pnmãeb mafdr< ‛prnsdhn e ke cate, ek pracdn mak supracn kkececdabtn ma Mdns ab Frdstn Lasüs– (@dkdpabsas 6<5=). Ke vdme frdstdebe as ube evabture mdbåcdfe ma frafdcdabtn ab ke qua sdacpraprnfurecns ra`kaler ke garcnsure mak feråftar ma Lasüs cås pkabecabta. Frafacns ab ke hrefde fuebmnaxpardcabtecns ke cerevdkke ma ke hrefde ab buastres prnpdes vdmes feme mãe. Kns frdstdebns ebgakeb frafar ‛abtnmn ab equak qua as ke feiaze, astn as, Frdstn– (Aàsdns =<51).

Ek frafar ab ke hrefde, buastrn ecnr e Mdns sa gefa cås ùarta, y sa prnùbmdze buastrn eprafdn pnr susefrd`dfdn ab ke fruz. Fuebtn cås kn fnbnfacns, tebtn cås kn ececns? y fuebtn cås kn ececns, tebtn cåsfecideb buastres vdmes. Asta as ak sabmarn mak varmemarn raevdvecdabtn y ra`nrce.

Ke ra`nrce as sabfdkkecabta parcdtdr qua ak Aspãrdtu Vebtn pnbhe buastres vdmes ab kãbae fnb kns veknrasiãikdfns. As ke akaffdöb ma sncatarbns e ke vnkubtem ma Mdns ab feme årae ma buastres vdmes. As ak fncprncdsn maehremer e Mdns ab tnmn kn qua gehecns. As ke mdspnsdfdöb ma gefar fuekqudar fecidn bafaserdn pere vdvdr abercnbãe fnb kns cebmecdabtns ma Mdns.

Akabe ma Xgdta ma`dba ak raevdvecdabtn y ke ra`nrce cuy mdraftecab ta< ‛Yaevdvecdabtn y ra`nrce snb mnsfnses mdàrabtas. Yaevdvecdabtn sdhbd`dfe ube rabnvefdöb ma ke vdme aspdrdtuek, ube vdvd`dfefdöb ma kes èfuktemasma ke cabta y mak fnrezöb, ube rasurraffdöb ma ke cuarta aspdrdtuek. Ya`nrce sdhbd`dfe ube ranrhebdzefdöb, ubfecidn ab kes dmaes y tanrãe, gåidtns y pråftdfes. Ke ra`nrce bn prnmufdrå kns iuabns `rutns ma lustdfde e cabns

qua astä rakefdnbeme fnb ak raevdvecdabtn mak Aspãrdtu. Ak raevdvecdabtn y ke ra`nrce geb ma aàftuer su nireesdhbeme y maiab abtracazfkersa ek gefar aste nire– ( Cabselas sakaftns, tncn 5, p. 5=4).Ab equakkes åraes ma buastre vdme ab qua, pnr fuekqudar rezöb, bns gacns parcdtdmn ekalerbns ma ke vnkubtem

ravakeme ma Mdns, ak raevdvecdabtn maspdarte ma buavn buastrns ebgakns ma ehremerkn, y ke ra`nrce sdhuafuebmn raspnbmacns e astns ebgakns rafdäb befdmns, rabubfdebmn e fuekqudar fnse qua astä abtra bnsntrns y äk.

Fuebmn buastrns fnreznbas sa raevdveb, ak Aspãrdtu Vebtn bns kkave e gefarbns ekhubes prahubtes sdbfares.

Y



¾Gey åraes ab cd vdme qua bn aståb ab ercnbãe fnb ke vnkubtem ma Mdns> ¾Ekiarhn ecerhure, dre, rasabtdcdabtn,n fuekqudar ntrn pabsecdabtn bahetdvn gefde ekhube ntre parsnbe> ¾Ge kkahemn ak abtratabdcdabtn e sar ub mdnspere cã> ¾Ca astny eàrrebmn e ub ãmnkn ab kn qua fncn n ab ke `nrce ab qua ca vdstn> Ke vdme qua astnyvdvdabmn, ¾as ma dbmukhabfde ahnãste n ma sarvdfdn eibahemn>

]nmevãe su puaikn akahdmn

Ak Ebtdhun ]astecabtn bns fuabte qua ak puaikn ma Mdns fnb `rafuabfde sa ekalö ma äk. Zarn asn bn gdzn quaMdns kns rafgezere. ]nmevãe kns fnbsdmareie su puaikn akahdmn. Paz tres vaz abvdö prnàtes pere huder e su

puaikn ma rahrasn e äk, pere fnbmufdrkns e ub raevdvecdabtn ma su vdme aspdrdtuek y ube ra`nrcefnrraspnbmdabta.

Kns raevdvecdabtns y ra`nrces rahdstremns ab ak Ebtdhun ]astecabtn tdabab ekhubes fereftarãstdfes ab fncüb.Znr alacpkn, sufamdarnb fuebmn kns dsreakdtes rabnvernb su fncprncdsn ma niamdabfde e ke vnkubtem ma Mdns.Fuebmn Dsreak sa ‛epertö pnr su fecdbn– y ‛feme ubn gefãe kn qua idab ka perafãe, Mdns ratdrö su iabmdfdöb, y kebefdöb axpardcabtö masestras y marrntes (Dseães 16<0? Luafas 95<91).

Fuebmn ak puaikn ma Mdns e`rnbtö ubn ma sus mase`ãns cdkdteras cås hrebmas, ube ietekke fnb kns ecnbdtes ykns cneidtes, Lnseèt cnströ ub kdmarezhn aspdrdtuek bnteika. Murebta tnme ke frdsds cebtuvn kns nlns ma tnmn akpuaikn fnbfabtremns ab ak pnmar ma Mdns (9 Fröbdfes 9:<59). Äk rafnbnfãe ekhn qua as frãtdfn pere snstabar akraevdvecdabtn y ke ra`nrce< sdb nrefdöb, prnùbmn errapabtdcdabtn y mapabmabfde tntek ma Mdns, ke ietekke aståparmdme. Lumå bn are rdvek pere kns abacdhns mdspuastns fnbtre ke befdöb. Asn as fdartn tecidäb ma bnsntrns< kes

ùarzes mak cek qua e`rnbtecns snb macesdemn pnmarnses pere qua kes marrntacns pnr bnsntrns cdscns. Lnseèt dbstö e su puaikn e pnbar su fnb`debze ab Mdns y e fraar e sus prnàtes pere esã prnsparer (9 Fröbdfes9:<9:). Kuahn kns fnbmuln e ub parãnmn ma eyubn, nrefdöb, fnb`debze y niamdabfde e Mdns ab `nrce fnrpnretdve.Fnb fnb`debze, pnmãe Lnseèt mafdr ek Vaõnr< E td vnkvacns buastrns nlns—. _...S Qbdmns, eyubernb y nrernb? ubdmns,supkdfernb ek Vaõnr qua fnbùbmdasa e sus abacdhns, e `db ma qua ak bncira ma Lagnvå ùasa hknrd`dfemn. _...S Abtnme acarhabfde, maiacns rafnbnfar qua ke ietekke as suye. Vus rafursns snb dkdcdtemns, y kes dcpnsdidkdmemaseperabtas geråb tebtn ceynr ke vdftnrde– (Fnb`kdftn y veknr, p. 958).

Kes ̀ uarzes mak db`darbn tecidäb snb macesdemn ̀ uartas pere bnsntrns. Ak cekdhbn as macesdemn pnmarnsn. Vdbak pnmar mdvdbn, kns fecidns muremarns snb dcpnsdikas. Ke ietekke fnb Vetebås y sus guastas cekdhbes bn puamab,y bn pnmråb, sar vabfdmes sdb ke dbtarvabfdöb mdvdbe. Ab nftuira ma 5706, ab pkabe Huarre Fdvdk ab kns AstemnsQbdmns, Eiregec Kdbfnkb prnbubfdö ub pnmarnsn mdsfursn sdcdker ek ma Lnseèt. Ab pekeires qua tnmevãe bnsgeikeb gny, mafkerö<

‛Gacns sdmn rafaptnras ma kes cås asfnhdmes iabmdfdnbas mak Fdakn? gacns sdmn prasarvemns tnmns astns eõnsab pez y prnspardmem? gacns frafdmn ab bücarn, rdquaze y pnmar fncn bdbhube ntre befdöb ge frafdmn.

‛Zarn gacns nkvdmemn e Mdns. Gacns nkvdmemn ke cebn cdsardfnrmdnse qua bns fnbsarvö ab pez y bnscuktdpkdfö, abrdquafdö y `nrtekafdö, y gacns dcehdbemn vebecabta, ab ak abheõn ma buastrns fnreznbas, quatnmes ases iabmdfdnbas ùarnb prnmufdmes pnr ube seidmurãe y ube vdrtum supardnras prnpdes. Acirdehemns fnbäxdtn sdb masfebsn, gacns kkahemn e sar macesdemn eutn su`dfdabtas fncn pere sabtdr ke bafasdmem ma ke hrefderamabtnre y fnbsarvemnre, macesdemn nrhukknsns pere nrer ek Mdns qua bns gdzn–.

¾Föcn ma`dbdrãe Kdbfnkb ak raevdvecdabtn> Znmrãe mafdr qua as sabfdkkecabta rabubfder e ke eutnsu`dfdabfde ymapabmar tntekcabta ma Mdns. As rafnbnfar qua sncns dcpntabtas y qua äk as tnmnpnmarnsn. As fnb`der qua äkpakaerå buastres ietekkes fnb Vetebås.

¾Uuä as ra`nrce> As efapter kns fnbsalns ma ke dbspdreme Zekeire ma Mdns, y, pnr camdn mak pnmar mak Aspãrdtu

Vebtn, vdvdr asns fnbsalns mãe tres mãe. As gefar fuekqudar fecidn bafaserdn pere qua buastres vdmes sa fnb`nrcabe su vnkubtem.

Yaevdvecdabtn y ra`nrce ab Fnrdbtn

Ab kes fertes ma Zeikn e kns Fnrdbtdns axprase su hreb pranfupefdöb fnb raspaftn e su fnbmdfdöb aspdrdtuek. Kesdtuefdöb are sarde. Cufgns cdacirns sa geiãeb ekalemn mak dmaek ma Mdns. Ke dhkasde sa geiãe mdvdmdmn pnrfnb`kdftns dbtarparsnbekas (5 Fnrdbtdns 5<5:-59? 6<6). Zeikn ye bn pnmãe mafdr qua ke dhkasde ab Fnrdbtn n`rafãe ubecidabta aspdrdtuekcabta sebn. Kkecö ‛ferbekas– e sus cdacirns (5 Fnrdbtdns 6<5) y saõekö qua asteiebtnkarebmn dbcnrekdmem (5 Fnrdbtdns 1<5).

Äk bntö qua kns cdacirns ma ke dhkasde asteieb pakaåbmnsa abtra sã pnr camdn ma pkadtns ab kns trdiubekasfdvdkas, kn qua treln ube ceke raputefdöb e ke feuse ma Frdstn (5 Fnrdbtdns 0<5-8). Ke dbstdtufdöb mak cetrdcnbdn aremasgnbreme (5 Fnrdbtdns 0<51-9:). Ak tace ma fncar ekdcabtns n`rafdmns e ãmnkns tecidäb mdvdmãe e kns cdacirnsy habareie fnb`kdftns (5 Fnrdbtdns 7). Ke fakairefdöb ma ke Fabe mak Vaõnr tecidäb cnstreie su ahnãscn< kesparsnbes fnrrãeb e ke case y tnceieb pere sã tnme ke fncdme qua pumdareb, eubqua asn sdhbd`dfere qua ntrnstabmrãeb pnfn n beme (5 Fnrdbtdns 55). @dbekcabta, kns frayabtas fnrdbtdns tecidäb eiuseieb mak kahãtdcn mnb makabhues ek userkes pere axgdidfdöb prnpde (5 Fnrdbtdns 5=).



Fdartecabta ke dhkasde ma Fnrdbtn asteie fnb ub prnikace aspdrdtuek, parn Zeikn bn kns eiebmnbö. Vu prdcareferte e kns Fnrdbtdns, e qudabas eceie, as ube acntdve epakefdöb pere qua iusfereb ub raevdvecdabtn y ubera`nrce< ub kkecemn ek errapabtdcdabtn, e ub fecidn remdfek. Kuahn, ab su sahubme ferte, Zeikn ecnbaste e susfnbvarsns ntre vaz, fnb tärcdbns cuy fkerns, dbståbmnkns e qua sa kdcpdereb ‛ma tnme fnbtecdbefdöb ma ferba yma aspãrdtu, paràffdnbebmn ke sebtdmem ab ak tacnr ma Mdns–, sdabmn qua tabãeb kes prncases mak Vaõnr (9Fnrdbtdns 8<5).

Avdmabtacabta, ke dhkasde ab Fnrdbtn raspnbmdö pnsdtdvecabta e ke epakefdöb mak epöstnk. ¡Uuä fecidn sa vdnabtra akkns! Ab su prdcare ferte e kns Fnrdbtdns, Zeikn kns geiãe raprabmdmn pnr sar ferbekas. Ab su sahubme ferte,mdfa qua tabãe fnb`debze fncpkate ab su buave axpardabfde fnb Mdns. Eperabtacabta, ak Aspãrdtu Vebtn geiãeprnmufdmn ub raevdvecdabtn abtra kns fnrdbtdns.

Fncabtebmn snira asta raevdvecdabtn, Akabe ma Xgdta mdln qua ub ‛`dak cabselarn ka treln kes ekahras buavesma qua sa geiãe raekdzemn ub fecidn cerevdkknsn abtra kns frayabtas ab Fnrdbtn. Cufgns geiãeb efaptemn kedbstruffdöb ma ke ferte ma Zeikn y sa geiãeb errapabtdmn ma sus pafemns. Ke vdme qua egnre kkaveieb bn are ye ubnprnidn pere ak frdstdebdscn, sdbn qua alarfãe ube pnmarnse db`kuabfde e ̀ evnr ma ke pdamem pråftdfe– (Kns gafgns makns epöstnkas, pp. 900, 908).

Kns fnrdbtdns tnmevãe e`rnbteieb mase`ãns. Kes pruaies kns eàfterãeb ma buavn. Zarn geiãeb gafgn prnhrasnsdcpnrtebtas ab ke à frdstdebe. Ak raevdvecdabtn aspdrdtuek y ke ra`nrce bn snb ube pebefae qua rasuakva tnmnsbuastrns prnikaces aspdrdtuekas. Vnb pesns ab ube lnrbeme ma frafdcdabtn aspdrdtuek, pesns qua bns efarfeb ekfnrezöb y ke vnkubtem ma Mdns. Fuebmn ak puaikn ma Mdns efapte su fnbsaln, sa errapdabta ma sus pafemns, abtreab ube fnbàsdöb sdbfare y fncprncata su vdme pere gefar su vnkubtem, Mdns marrece su Aspãrdtu, y ka sdhuab ak

raevdvecdabtn y ke ra`nrce.

Ke epakefdöb mak Epnfekdpsds

Kes sdata dhkasdes masfrdtes ab Epnfekdpsds 9 y 6 raprasabteb ke dhkasde frdstdebe masma ak tdacpn ma Lueb geste kesahubme vabdme ma Frdstn. Qb åbhak dbstruyö e Lueb< ‛Asfrdia kes fnses qua ges vdstn, y kes qua snb, y kes qua gebma sar maspuäs ma astes– (Epnfekdpsds 5<54). Ke vdsdöb ma kes sdata dhkasdes rahdstre tebtn kns trdub`ns fncn kns`refesns ma ke dhkasde ma Mdns< sus vdftnrdes y sus marrntes.

Eubqua kes sdata dhkasdes puamab raprasabter ke à frdstdebe e kn kerhn ma kns sdhkns, tnmns kns cabselas maFrdstn e astes dhkasdes fnbtdabab kaffdnbas snira ak raevdvecdabtn y ke ra`nrce qua snb vdtekas pere ak puaikneftuek ma Mdns.

Cufgns axpnsdtnras ma kes prnàfães mak Epnfekdpsds ‖emvabtdstes abtra akkns‖ kkahernb e ke fnbfkusdöb ma quakes sdata dhkasdes mak Epnfekdpsds raprasabteb sdata äpnfes ma ke gdstnrde ma ke dhkasde, fncabzebmn fnb ke dhkasdemak Buavn ]astecabtn. Aste dbtarpratefdöb dmabtd`dfe e Äàsn fnb ke dhkasde frdstdebe eprnxdcemecabta abtra knseõns 65 y 5:: m.F.

Astns frdstdebns prdcdtdvns areb faknsns ab su à. ]reieleieb dbfasebtacabta pere ak prnhrasn mak avebhakdn.Asteieb fncprncatdmns fnb ke nire ma Mdns. Bn raguãeb ak maiar n kes raspnbseidkdmemas.

Maspuäs ma ke esfabsdöb ma Lasüs, sus mdsfãpukns treielernb mdkdhabtacabta ab fnbsarver ke puraze mnftrdbekma ke dhkasde. Bn tnkareieb ke garalãe, y areb vekdabtas maàbsnras ma ke varmem. Lasüs àkdfdte e ke dhkasde ma Äàsnpnrqua nmdeieb e kns bdfnkeãtes. Avdmabtacabta, asa hrupn fraãe qua ke hrefde rakeleie ekhubns espaftns ma ke kayma Mdns. Znr akkn, ekaheieb qua asteieb kdiras ma tabar ube cnrekdmem rakeleme. Zarn kns frdstdebns `dakas mak sdhknprdcarn sa cebtuvdarnb ab mdrafte npnsdfdöb e aste garalãe.

Vdb acierhn, e paser ma tnmn ak treieln ma kns aàsdns e ̀ evnr ma ke ̀ a y maàbmdäbmnke, Frdstn kecabteikacabta

kas mdn astes pekeires ma raprabsdöb< ‛Zarn tabhn fnbtre td, qua ges malemn tu prdcar ecnr– (Epnf ekdpsds 9<=).Eperabtacabta, kns frdstdebns mak sdhkn prdcarn e`rnbternb ke parsafufdöb fnb veknr y parsavarebfde, parn ekpeser ak tdacpn, fncabzernb e parmar su prdcar ecnr. Kn qua ube vaz geiãeb gafgn pnr mavnfdöb, cås terma kngdfdarnb pnr ub sabtdmn mak maiar. Gefar ke nire ma Lasüs kkahö e sar cås dcpnrtebta qua fnbnfar e Lasüs.Hremuek y fesd dcparfaptdikacabta, su axpardabfde fnb ak Vekvemnr mafkdbö. ]reielernb cufgn pere maàbmar keà, parn ekhn vdtek kas èkteie ab su axpardabfde aspdrdtuek< ak ecnr e Lasüs y ak ecnr cutun. ]abãeb ke `nrceaxtardnr ma ke rakdhdöb, parn kas èkteie ube fnbvarsdöb varmemare mak fnrezöb. Areb eftdvns, parn bn nreiebcufgn.

Lasüs dbstö e asns frdstdebns vefdkebtas e rafnrmer, errapabtdrsa y vnkvar. Fuebmn ke habta astå vefãeaspdrdtuekcabta, Lasüs ke kkece ‖tecidäb bns kkece e bnsntrns‖ e rafnrmer föcn are tabar kns fnreznbas kkabnsfnb su hrefde. Bns kkece e rafnrmer kes nfesdnbas fuebmn astuvdcns farfe ma äk. Bns dbste e rafnrmer asns

tdacpns fuebmn buastrns fnreznbas ermãeb mabtrn ma bnsntrns ek nrer y astumder su Zekeire. Bns kkece e errapab-tdcns ma buastrn masfudmn aspdrdtuek? e errapabtdcns ma buastre èkte ma nrefdöb, buastre èkte ma astumdn iãikdfnmavnfdnbek, y buastre èkte ma fnbfabtrefdöb aspdrdtuek. T bns kkece e vnkvar e ases pråftdfes frdstdebes qua treab`nrtekaze aspdrdtuek. Bns ebdce e ranrmaber buastres prdnrdmemas y vnkvar e equakkn ma qua trete ak frdstdebdscnhabudbn.

Kes pekeires mak ravakemnr bns rafuarmeb ke epakefdöb ma Nsaes e Dsreak< ‛Pabdm y vnkvåcnbns e Lagnvå?



pnrqua äk erraietö, y bns furerå? gdrdö, y bns vabmerå. Bns merå vdme maspuäs ma mns mães? ab ak tarfar mãe bnsrasufdterå, y vdvdracns makebta ma äk– (Nsaes 0<5-6). Ak raevdvecdabtn nfurra fuebmn rafnbnfacns qua buastreaxpardabfde aspdrdtuek sa ge masvebafdmn, y bns errapabtdcns y ntre vaz iusfecns e Mdns fnb tnmn buastrnfnrezöb. T ke ra`nrce sdhua, fuebmn raekdbaecns buastres vdmes fnb kns veknras mak Fdakn.

Akabe ma Xgdta masfrdia ke cerevdkknse hrefde y ke sahurdmem ma ke sekvefdöb ma aste cebare< ‛Lasüs safncpkefa ab qua veyecns e äk fncn sncns, pafecdbnsns, dcpntabtas, bafasdtemns. Znmacns dr fnb tnme buastremaidkdmem, dbsabsetaz y cekmem, y fear errapabtdmns e sus pdas. As su hknrde astrafgerbns ab kns irezns ma suecnr, vabmer buastres gardmes y kdcpderbns ma tnme dcpuraze– (Ak fecdbn e Frdstn, p. 19).

Fncprabmar ke hrefde trebs`nrce ke vdme. As ke cdsce asabfde mak frdstdebdscn. Ke hrefde ma Mdns bn carafdmeas ke pdamre ebhuker ma ke à frdstdebe. Znr camdn ma ke vdme, ke cuarta, ke rasurraffdöb y ak cdbdstardn sefarmntekma Lasüs, ak mnb ma ke vdme atarbe as buastrn. Yafdidäbmnkn pnr ̀ a, tabacns ke sahurdmem ma ke sekvefdöb.

Ke epakefdöb mak Fdakn

Ak emvabtdscn mak säptdcn mãe as ub cnvdcdabtn ma ra`nrce. Mdns fraö asta cnvdcdabtn, aste dhkasde, pererasteurer kes varmemas iãikdfes nsfurafdmes ab kes tdbdaikes aspdrdtuekas ma ke Amem Camde. Eubqua ak AspãrdtuVebtn nirö pnmarnsecabta pnr camdn ma ke Ya`nrce, akkns bn fncprabmdarnb tnmes kes varmemas vdtekas efarfema Mdns. Geiãe cås varmemas atarbes qua Mdns quarãe qua su puaikn fnbnfdare. Feme ube ma ases varmemasravake ekhn mak feråftar ma Mdns. Mdns bn bns absaõe tebtes fnses carecabta pere kkaber buastres cabtas fnbfnbnfdcdabtn rakdhdnsn. Kes varmemas iãikdfes snb vabtebes ek fnrezöb? ravakeb ekhn efarfe ma äk. Fuebtn cås

fkerecabta fncprabmecns kes varmemas ma su Zekeire, cås pkabecabta fncprabmaracns ke prnùbmdmem ma suecnr. Kes èkses mnftrdbes mdstnrsdnbeb su feråftar. Ke varmem masabcesfere kes cabtdres mak mdeikn y ravakequdäb raekcabta as Mdns.

Masma ak fncdabzn ma ke hreb fnbtrnvarsde ab ak Fdakn, gefa cdkabdns, Vetebås ge dbtabtemn mdècer ak feråftarma Mdns. Cdbtdö efarfe ma kes dbtabfdnbas ma Mdns gefde sus frdetures, parn ab ke vdme qua Lasüs vdvdö, y kesvarmemas qua äk absaõö, ravakö föcn as raekcabta su Zemra fakastdek. Znr asn vdbn y vdvdö abtra bnsntrns.

Ak Epnfekdpsds pramdfa qua Mdns kavebterå ub puaikn ab ak tdacpn mak `db pere prnfkecer e ‛tnme befdöb,trdiu, kabhue y puaikn– ak ‛avebhakdn atarbn– ma kes Asfrdtures, ma ub Zemra mdvdbn qua bns ece (Epnfekdpsds5=<0). Asta cabsela mak tdacpn mak `db ge ma sar prnfkecemn geste kns fnb`dbas ma ke ]darre, a dbfkuya ub kkecemne ube niamdabfde ecebta e ke vnkubtem ma Mdns e ke kuz mak ludfdn `dbek, ub ludfdn qua ravakerå e tnmn ak ubdvarsntebtn ke lustdfde fncn ke cdsardfnrmde ma Mdns. Asta ludfdn raspnbmarå ak tace ma ke aqudmem ma Mdns y ravakeråfkerecabta qua ab ak abnrca fnb`kdftn abtra ak idab y ak cek, Mdns sdacpra eftuö fnb ak calnr dbtaräs ma femeparsnbe ab cabta.

Ab ube äpnfe ab qua ke habta fnbsdmare ak avnkufdnbdscn fncn ke calnr raspuaste e kes prahubtes snira keùabta y ak sdhbd`dfemn ma ke vdme, Lasüs kkece e su puaikn e emnrer ek Fraemnr ab ak mãe såiemn. Asta såiemn, ak så-iemn mak säptdcn mãe, geike mak nrdhab ma ke vdme, su prnpösdtn y su mastdbn. Axekte e Lasüs, qudab bns fraö, bnsramdcdö y vuakva ntre vaz e iusferbns.

Ak cabsela ma Epnfekdpsds 5= as ube epakefdöb urhabta e qua ratnrbacns e ke à ma Lasüs y huermacns suscebmecdabtns. As ub cabsela ma raevdvecdabtn, ra`nrce y rasteurefdöb. Mdns epake e su puaikn gny e asterfncprncatdmns fnb äk, tntekcabta y sdb rasarves. Ab äk y pnr camdn ma äk y pnr äk pnmacns sar vabfamnras ymacnstrer e ub cubmn qua aspare y e ub ubdvarsn qua nisarve, ke celastem ma su ecnr, ke hknrde ma su hrefde yke iakkaze ma su varmem.



FEZÃ]QKN 5:

Ya`nrce< ke mdspnsdfdöbe frafar y fecider

btas ma Zabtafnstäs, kns mdsfãpukns tabãeb dcpnrtebtas bafasdmemas aspdrdtuekas. Vu fncprabsdöb mak pkeb maMdns are ma`dfdabta, y bn fncprabmdarnb ke cdsdöb ma Lasüs. Zarn axfaptn Lumes, kns mdsfãpukns fecidernb.@uarnb tnfemns pnr ke hrefde mdvdbe. Ak ecnr ma Frdstn quairebtö sus fnreznbas. Axpardcabternb ub

raevdvecdabtn y ube ra`nrce ab sus prnpdes vdmes.

Qb raevdvecdabtn as sabfdkkecabta ub buavn masparter ma kns prnùbmns ebgakns aspdrdtuekas. As ube dbtabsd`dfefdöb mabuastrns masans aspdrdtuekas fuebmn buastrns fnreznbas snb etreãmns e Mdns pnr kns dcpuksns mak Aspãrdtu Vebtn. Akraevdvecdabtn bn dcpkdfe qua bn tuvdcns ebtardnrcabta ube rakefdöb fnb Lasüs? sabfdkkecabta sdhbd`dfe qua gacnsraspnbmdmn e ub kkecemn e dr cås prnùbmn, e mer ntrn pesn gefde Lasüs. T ke ra`nrce bns epake e dr cås ekkå mak stetus qunab buastre axpardabfde aspdrdtuek. Bns dbvdte e axecdber ma buavn buastres vdmes e ke kuz ma kns veknras iãikdfns y parcdtdrqua ak Aspãrdtu Vebtn bns mä pnmar pere gefar fuekqudar fecidn qua ùare bafaserdn pere qua vdvecns ab niamdabfde e kevnkubtem ma Mdns.

Ase puama sar ke rezöb pnr ke qua ke ra`nrce pnba barvdnse e cufge habta. Aståb fnbtabtns fnb ak stetus qun y bnqudarab fecider. ]dabab cdamn ma qua ak Aspãrdtu Vebtn puame kkecerkns e eiebmnber ekhube rakefdöb, ekhube ecidfdöb bnsebtd`dfeme, n ekhüb ntrn ãmnkn eferdfdemn. ]dabab su`dfdabta rakdhdöb pere sabtdrsa föcnmns, parn fdartecabta bn snbmdsfãpukns remdfekas ma Lasüs. Ab fnbsafuabfde, su vdela pnr ke vdme bubfe axpardcabte ak hnzn qua äk n`rafa, n su pnmar quatrebs`nrce ke vdme. Aståb setdsàfgns fnb zeciukkdrsa pere iusfer cnbames, fuebmn pnmrãeb aster iusfebmn parkes. Aståb

fnbtabtns fnb kes cdheles ma ke rakdhdöb fuebmn Lasüs n`rafa ub iebquata fnb makdfdes fakastdekas.Fuebmn Lasüs kkecö e sus mdsfãpukns, sus eftdtumas y effdnbas raekcabta bn ra`kaleieb ke eceidkdmem ma su feråftar,

parn tnmn asn fecidö ab tras eõns y camdn ab qua kns mdsfãpukns astuvdarnb fnb äk. Ek fnbtacpker su vdme, sus vdmesfecidernb. Ek geiker fnb äk, su kabhuela fecidö. Ek var su à, ke ma akkns frafdö. Vdbtdabmn su fncprncdsn fnb su cdsdöb,kkahernb e fnbfabtrersa ab ke cdsdöb. Ek fncprabmar ak prnpösdtn pnr ak fuek Lasüs vdvdö, akkns tecidäb kkahernb e tabarprnpösdtn. Pdvdabmn fnb ak mãe tres mãe, kkahernb e sar cås sacalebta e äk mãe tres mãe.

Vebtdehn y Lueb tabãeb èkkes ma feråftar sardes, esã qua bn asteieb praperemns pere raprasabter ak ecnr ma Frdstn ekcubmn. Bn asteieb fepefdtemns pere prnfkecer ub cabsela ma hrefde e ntrns fuebmn bn geiãeb parcdtdmn qua ke hrefdefecidere sus prnpdes vdmes.

‛Lueb bn pnsaãe pnr beturekaze ak feråftar inbmemnsn qua ravakö cås emakebta. ]abãe beturekcabta maàftn s hrevas.Bn snkn are nrhukknsn, pratabfdnsn y ecidfdnsn ma gnbnr, sdbn dcpatunsn y sa rasabtãe `rabta e ke dblurde. Äk y su garcebnrafdidarnb ak bncira ma ‗gdlns mak truabn—. Ke drefubmde, ak masan ma vabhebze y ak aspãrdtu ma frãtdfe sa abfnbtreieb ab akmdsfãpukn ecemn. Zarn maieln ma tnmn akkn ak Ceastrn mdvdbn masfuirdö ub fnrezöb ermdabta, sdbfarn y ecebta. Lasüsraprabmdö su ahnãscn, `ruströ sus ecidfdnbas, prniö su à. Zarn ka ravakö kn qua ebgakeie su ekce< ke garcnsure ma kesebtdmem, ak pnmar trebs`nrcemnr mak ecnr– (Kns gafgns ma kns epöstnkas, pp. ==1, ==0).

E paser ma sus sardns maàftns ma feråftar, Vebtdehn y Lueb ebgakeieb ravaker cås pkabecabta ak feråftar ma Lasüs.Ebsdeieb ke trebs`nrcefdöb ma sus eftdtumas. ‛Kes kaffdnbas ma Frdstn, ek mastefer ke cebsamucira, ke gucdkmem y ak ecnrfncn asabfdekas pere frafar ab hrefde a dmnbadmem pere su nire, ùarnb mak cås ektn veknr pere Lueb. Etasnrö feme kaffdöby prnfurö pnbar fnbstebtacabta su vdme ab ercnbãe fnb ak alacpkn mdvdbn. Lueb geiãe fncabzemn e parfdidr ke hknrde maFrdstn -bn ke pncpe cubmebe y ak pnmar qua sa ka geiãe absaõemn e asparer-, sdbn ke ‗(…hknrde fncn mak ubdhäbdtn makZemra), kkabn ma hrefde y ma varmem— (Lueb 5<5=)– (Kns gafgns ma kns epöstnkas, p. ==4).

]ebtn Lueb fncn Vebtdehn astuvdarnb mdspuastns e e`rnbter sus èktes gnbastecabta. Fuebmn ak Aspãrdtu Vebtn saõekökns maàftns ab sus fereftaras, sa errapdbtdarnb y eirdarnb sus fnreznbas ek frafdcdabtn. Fuebmn sa vdarnb föcn areb ab

raekdmem, kkabns ma dcpnrtebfde prnpde y nrhukkn ahnãste, eirdarnb sus fnreznbas ek pnmar trebs`nrcemnr ma Lasüs. T esãaxpardcabternb ub mrecåtdfn frafdcdabtn aspdrdtuek. Astn as varmemare ra`nrce. Zdabse ab föcn ak Aspãrdtu Vebtn mdnpnmar y usö e Vebtdehn y Lueb ek sarvdfdn ma Lasüs. ]uvdarnb ak hnzn ma prasabfder föcn mafabes ma cdkkeras ma parsnbeskkaheieb e sar mdsfãpukns eftdvns ma Frdstn. Pdarnb pkebtersa buaves dhkasdes, pabatrer ab fncubdmemas buaves, y fnbqudsterbuavns fnbtdbabtas pere su Vaõnr.

E



Ak pnmar ma akahdrAk fecidn sufama ab ak cncabtn ma akahdr. Ke ra`nrce nfurra ek akahdr famar ek pnmar fnbvdbfabta mak Aspãrdtu Vebtn y

abtraher buastre vnkubtem e ke vnkubtem ma Mdns. Mdns bubfe `nrzerå n cebdpukerå buastre vnkubtem. Ak raspate buastrekdiartem. Vu Aspãrdtu dcprasdnbe buastres cabtas, fnbvabfa buastrns fnreznbas, y bns dcpukse e gefar kes fnses fnrraftes,parn maiacns akahdr sd raspnbmaracns n bn e sus epakefdnbas. Fuebmn akahdcns fecider, Mdns bns me pnmar pere gefarkn.Kns fecidns bn vdabab pnrqua rapabtdbecabta tretecns ma gefar ceynras asùarzns. Ke trebs`nrcefdöb mak feråftarnfurra fuebmn ubdcns buastre vnkubtem mäidk y vefdkebta fnb ke mak pnmar dbcuteika mak Mdns tnmnpnmarnsn.

Qb pestnr ecdhn cãn ube vaz ca fnbtö efarfe ma ke ietekke ma su pemra fnb ak cesfer teiefn. Uuarãe sar ub iuab

ceynrmncn ma ke vdme qua Mdns ka geiãe memn, y ebgakeie tabar ke vdftnrde snira ase emdffdöb qua ecabezeie su sekum.Zarn ùa ube varmemare kufge. Cd ecdhn rafuarme var e su pemra fncabzer e cesfer ab ke ceõebe, y mersa fuabte ma knqua gefãe, y errnler ase cesfeme teb kalns fncn pnmãe ab su fecpn ma ceãz, y e`drcer< ‛¡Efeiä fnb astn!– Zarn pere akcamdnmãe, fecdbeie abtra kes gdkares ma ceãz iusfebmn su teiefn. ¾Fraas qua Mdns sa kn asfnbmarãe> Bn, Mdns raspatebuastre kdiartem ma akaffdöb.

¾Ges mdfgn ekhube vaz< ‛]arcdbä. Bn kn gerä bubfe cås–, y e kes pnfes gnres abfnbtrerta gefdabmn lustecabta kn quageiães mdfgn qua bn gerães> Ak prnikace bn as ak pnmar ma Mdns pere ra`nrcer buastres vdmes y merbns ke vdftnrde. Ak taceas buastre akaffdöb. Fuebmn quaracns ke vdftnrde snira ak pafemn qua bns esafge, tebtn fncn Mdns qudara qua ketabhecns, ke tabmracns. Ak epöstnk Vebtdehn bns me mns prdbfdpdns vdtekas pere vabfar< ‛Vncatans, puas, e Mdns? rasdstdm ekmdeikn, y gudrå ma vnsntrns. Efarfens e Mdns, y äk sa efarferå e vnsntrns. Zafemnras, kdcpdem kes cebns? y vnsntrns, kns mamnika åbdcn, purd`dfem vuastrns fnreznbas– (Vebtdehn =<8, 7).

Ak äbèsds ma Vebtdehn as fkern. Ke ra`nrce ma fuekqudar gåidtn, pabsecdabtn n masan vdaba fuebmn gefacns mns fnses<

sncatarbns y rasdstdr. Bn pnmacns rasdstdr ebtas ma sncatarbns, parn sd bns sncatacns sdb ke matarcdbefdöb ma rasdstdrfnb ke ùarze ma Mdns, èkkeracns cdsareikacabta. Ke cabselare ma Mdns ma kns üktdcns mães kn mdfa ma asta cnmn< ‛Masmaak prdbfdpdn geste ak `db, ak gncira ge ma sar fnkeinremnr fnb Mdns. E cabns qua ak Aspãrdtu Vebtn eftüa snira ak fnrezöbgucebn, trnpazeracns y fearacns e feme pesn. Kns asùarzns mak gncira snkn bn snb beme sdbn dbutdkdmem, parn kefnnparefdöb fnb Frdstn sdhbd`dfe vdftnrde– (Cabselas sakaftns, tncn 5, p. ==0). Kns fecidns qua fnbstdtuyab ke ra`nrcenfurrab fuebmn fnnparecns fnb Mdns.

Vebtdehn bns dbste< ‛efarfens e Mdns– y kuahn ‛kdcpdem kes cebns– y ‛purd`dfem vuastrns fnreznbas–. Bubfe pnmracnsgefar astn üktdcn geste qua geyecns gafgn kn ebtardnr. Efarfersa e Mdns prnpnrfdnbe ak pnmar snirabeturek pere knhrerfecidns. E cabns qua Mdns mä pnmar e buastres akaffdnbas, buastrns calnras asùarzns rasukteråb ma mäidkas `refesns.

Ke axprasdöb ‛kdcpdem kes cebns– sa ra`dara e buastres effdnbas, kes fnses qua gefacns. Ke axprasdöb ‛purd`dfemvuastrns fnreznbas– sa ra`dara e buastrns pabsecdabtns, kes fnses qua pabsecns. Ke ra`nrce bn snkn fecide buastreseffdnbas, sdbn tecidäb trebs`nrce buastrns pabsecdabtns. Ek fnnparer fnb Mdns abtrahåbmnka buastre vnkubtem yfamdabmn e kns dcpuksns mak Aspãrdtu Vebtn, ka mecns parcdsn pere gefar kns fecidns bafaserdns ab buastre vdme.

Ke sekvefdöb pnr hrefde raekcabta eftüeKe sekvefdöb as snkn y sdacpra pnr camdn ma ke hrefde (var Aàsdns 9<7). Lasüs as buastre lustdfde y buastre ramabfdöb. Äk

as buastrn Vekvemnr y buastrn Kdiartemnr. Äk as buastrn Fnrmarn dbcnkemn? buastrn Vaõnr rasufdtemn? buastrn Vefarmntadbtarfasnr? y buastrn Yay qua vdaba. Äk dbdfdö ak pkeb ma sekvefdöb ab ke atarbdmem peseme, fnbsucö ak pkeb ma sekvefdöb abke fruz, astå epkdfebmn ak pkeb ma sekvefdöb ab ak sebtuerdn fakastdek, y fncpkaterå ak pkeb ma sekvefdöb e su rahrasn. Lasüsbns fnbvabfa ma pafemn, bns efarfe e äk, pnba ab buastrns fnreznbas ak masan ma raspnbmar e su hrefde, bns sekve, y bnssnstdaba pnr su hrefde.

Vdb acierhn, eubqua mapabmacns tntekcabta ma äk pere buastre sekvefdöb, astn bn sdhbd`dfe qua bn tabacns ub rnk

qua masacpaõer ek rafdidr su hrefde y sar trebs`nrcemns pnr akke. Fncn kn mafkerö ak epöstnk Zeikn fnb ùarze< ‛Nfupensab vuastre sekvefdöb fnb tacnr y taciknr– (@dkdpabsas 9<59). Ab ak hrdahn ke pekeire ‛nfupens– sdhbd`dfe ‛kkavem e sutärcdbn– n ‛kkavem e su pkabe fnbfkusdöb–. Ab ntres pekeires, Zeikn astå mdfdabmn< ‛Bn sa quamab e cdtem ma fecdbn ab kevdme frdstdebe. Zarcdteb qua Lasüs tarcdba kn qua ge dbdfdemn ab ustamas–. N fncn kn mdfa ak Fncabterdn iãikdfn emvabtdste

eprnpdemecabta< ‛Kes Asfrdtures absaõeb qua feme ubn maia fnnparer fnb ke vnkubtem y ak pnmar ma Mdns. Feme ubn maiaas`nrzersa pere ‗abtrer— (Kufes 56<9=), maspnlersa ‗mak vdaln gncira— (Fnk. 6<4), maler ‗tnmn pasn— y fnrrar ‗fnb pefdabfde—(Gairans 59<5), rasdstdr ‗ek mdeikn— (Vebtdehn =<8) y parsavarer ‗geste ak `db— (Cetan 9=<56). Ke sekvefdöb bn s a ekfebze pnrcamdn ma kes nires, parn maiacns nfuperbns ma akke? prnvdaba übdfecabta ma ke camdefdöb ma Frdstn, parn sa emqudaracamdebta ke fnnparefdöb parsnbek fnb Frdstn– (Fncabterdn iãikdfn emvabtdste, tncn 8, p. 50=).

Bn pnmacns nirer kn qua Mdns bn ge gafgn ab bnsntrns. Zarn cdabtres eftüe ab bnsntrns pnr camdn ma su pnmarsnirabeturek, sncns fepefas ma gefar akaffdnbas pere ‛nirer– ab buastres vdmes ke hrefde y ke `nrtekaze qua äk ge niremnab bnsntrns.

‛Fuebmn ak gncira ̀ dbdtn y pafemnr nire su prnpde sekvefdöb fnb tacnr y taciknr, Mdns as ak qua nire ab äk, ak quarar yak gefar su prnpde vnkubtem. Zarn Mdns bn nirerå sdb ke fnnparefdöb mak gncira. Äk maia alarfar sus èfuktemas geste akcåxdcn? maia pnbarsa fncn ub astumdebta mdspuastn y eptn ab ke asfuake ma Frdstn? y ek efapter ke hrefde qua sa ka n`rafahretudtecabta, ke prasabfde ma Frdstn ab ak pabsecdabtn y ab ak fnrezöb ka meråb ke mafdsdöb ma prnpösdtn ma pnbar e ubkemn tnmn pasn mak pafemn, pere qua ak fnrezöb sa kkaba fnb ke pkabdtum ma Mdns, y ma su ecnr–.



Ke ecnbastefdöb ma Zeikn bn tarcdbe fnb kes pekeires ‛nfupens ab vuastre sekvefdöb–. Vdhua fnb aste varmem vdtek<‛pnrqua Mdns as ak qua ab vnsntrns prnmufa esã ak quarar fncn ak gefar, pnr su iuabe vnkubtem– (@dkdpabsas 9<56). Kepekeire hrdahe pere ‛gefar– as abarhädb, ma mnbma prnvdaba buastre pekeire ‛abarhãe–. Xdkkdec Ierfkey, ab su Buavn]astecabtn fncabtemn, gefa asta ehumn fncabterdn efarfe ma aste pekeire sdbhuker< ‛Vnira asta varin sa geb ma bntermns fnses dcpnrtebtas< sdacpra sa use fnb raspaftn e ke effdöb ma Mdns? y sdacpra sa epkdfe e ube effdöb aàftdve. ]nmn akprnfasn ma ke sekvefdöb as ube effdöb ma Mdns y aste effdöb as aàftdve pnrqua as su effdöb. Ke effdöb ma Mdns bn puama`rustrersa, bd quamer dbfnbfkuse? maia sar pkabecabta aàftdve–. 5 Ek fnnparer fnb Mdns y parcdtdrka qua fncpkata su nireab bnsntrns, äk gerå fecidns snrprabmabtas ab buastres vdmes. Mãe tres mãe kkaheracns e sar cås sacalebtas e äk. Ma asn satrete ke ra`nrce.

Ke ra`nrce nfurra ek fnnparer fnb Mdns akdhdabmn abtraherka e äk fuekqudar fnse qua ak Aspãrdtu Vebtn saõeka ab bnsntrnsqua bn astä ab ercnbãe fnb su vnkubtem. E cabns qua gehecns ases akaffdnbas, e vafas mnknrnses, kns fecidnsaspdrdtuekas pnsdtdvns bn nfurrdråb. Mdns bn errebferå ma buastres cabtas kns pabsecdabtns ahnãstes ab fnbtre ma buastrnsmasans. Äk bns fnbvabfa ma pafemn. Bns fnbvabfa mak idab. Zarn bns male ke kdiartem ma akahdr. Bnsntrns tabacns quaakahdr. T fuebmn kn gefacns, äk bns merå ak pnmar ma fucpkdr buastres mafdsdnbas.

Fnb`debze y mumeKe axpardabfde ma kns mdsfãpukns dkustre hrå`dfecabta föcn ak Aspãrdtu Vebtn tnce e ke habta fncn as y kes kkave e mnbma

Lasüs qudara qua astäb. Fnbsdmaracns e Zamrn. Vu prnikace are ke su`dfdabfde prnpde. Fraãe qua are fepez ma ab`rabter kefruz pnr sã cdscn. Ebtas qua Zamrn astuvdare kdstn pere prnfkecer ak cabsela ma ub Vekvemnr frufd`dfemn y rasufdtemn, supabsecdabtn tabãe qua fecider, ra`nrcersa. Bn are rdvek pere kns etequas mak cekdhbn.

Ebtardnrcabta, Lasüs ka geiãe emvartdmn e Zamrn< ‛Vdcöb, Vdcöb, ga equã Vetebås ns ge pamdmn pere zerebmaerns fncne trdhn? parn yn ga rnhemn pnr td, qua tu à bn èkta? y tü, ube vaz vuaktn, fnb`drce e tus garcebns– (Kufes 99<65). Kemafkerefdöb ma Lasüs prnpnrfdnbe ub ebåkdsds èsfdbebta ma ke fnbmdfdöb aspdrdtuek ma Zamrn. Fnb`debmn ab sus prnpdesùarzes, Zamrn sa ekalö ma su Vaõnr. Znr astn Lasüs usö ke axprasdöb ‛ube vaz vuaktn–. Zamrn bafasdteie ub maspartecdabtnaspdrdtuek. Bafasdteie ub fecidn ma eftdtum. Bafasdteie ra`nrce.

Zdabse ab föcn Zamrn maia geiarsa sabtdmn fuebmn nyö kes pekeires ma Lasüs< ‛Ga rnhemn pnr td–. Zamrn geiãe vdstn knsrasuktemns ma kes nrefdnbas ma Lasüs. Geiãe prasabfdemn ke ekdcabtefdöb ma kns fdbfn cdk, mak epefdhuecdabtn ma ketnrcabte ab ak Cer ma Hekdkae, ke kdiarefdöb ma kns abmacnbdemns, y ke rasurraffdöb ma Kåzern. ¡Uuä asparebze maia geiarnitabdmn Zamrn ma seiar qua Lasüs nreie pnr äk!

]ü astås snira ak fnrezöb ma Lasüs. ]u bncira astå ab sus keidns. Äk astå ab ak sebtuerdn nrebmn pnr td. T kes nrefdnbasma Lasüs gefab tnme ke mdàrabfde. Äk are ak maàbsnr ma Zamrn, y tecidäb as ak buastrn, y ¡asn gefa tnme ke mdàrabfde!

Maspuäs ma Zabtafnstäs, Zamrn are ub gncira mdàrabta. Te bn tacikeie ma tacnr pnr kes efusefdnbas ma kns n`dfdekasmak tacpkn. Fuebmn asns mdrdhabtas rakdhdnsns kn fnb`rnbternb y macebmernb qua malere ma pramdfer ab ak bncira maLasüs, äk raspnbmdö< ‛As bafaserdn niamafar e Mdns ebtas qua e kns gnciras– (Gafgns 1<94).

Ke à qua kkave e ke sucdsdöb e ke vnkubtem ma Lasüs sarå kn cås dcpnr tebta ab ke vdme ma feme frdstdebn. ‛Ke sucdsdöbqua Frdstn macebme, ke abtrahe prnpde ma ke vnkubtem qua emcdta ke varmem ab su pnmar sebtd`dfemnr, qua tdacike ebta kepekeire ma Mdns, snb prnmuftn ma ke nire mak Aspãrdtu Vebtn. Maia geiar ube trebs`nrcefdöb mak sar abtarn< fnrezöb,aspãrdtu y feråftar. Vnkecabta ab ak ekter mak sefrd`dfdn y ma ke cebn ma Mdns, puama ak gncira ahnãste y fnmdfdnsn rafdidr ketae fakastdek qua ka ravake su prnpde dbfncpatabfde y qua kn fnbmufa e sncatarsa ek yuhn ma Frdstn, e eprabmar sucebsamucira y gucdkmem– (Db Gaevabky Zkefas, p. 960? perfdekcabta tremufdmn ab Ab kuheras fakastdekas, p. 967).

Zabtafnstäs gdzn ube mdàrabfde. Asa mãe ub Zamrn trebs`nrcemn pramdfö sdb tacnr, y tras cdk sa ieutdzernb (Gafgns9<=5). Zamrn fdartecabta sa mdn fuabte ma qua bn tabãe ke `nrtekaze bafaserde, y nfurrdö ub cdkehrn (Gafgns 6<4). T fuebmnkes eutnrdmemas lumães dbtabternb sdkabfder e Zamrn, äk prnfkecö< ‛Bn pnmacns maler ma mafdr kn qua gacns vdstn y nãmn–

(Gafgns =<9:).Ke cate ma tnmn raevdvecdabtn as fnbmufdrbns e fnb`der ab Lasüs ab vaz ma gefarkn ab bnsntrns cdscns. Bns erredhe ab

su ecnr y ab su Zekeire.

Ke fnbvdffdöb ma vnkvarKe peråinke mak gdln prömdhn qua fnbtö Lasüs ebdcö e cufgns gdlns arrebtas e rahraser ek gnher, y e sus pemras

quairebtemns, e efapterkn fuebmn vnkvdö.Lasüs kkahe ek fabtrn ma ke gdstnrde ma asta cnmn< ‛Ak cabnr ma akkns mdln e su pemra< ‗Zemra, meca ke perta ma kns idabas

qua ca fnrraspnbma—? y kas rapertdö kns idabas– (Kufes 51<59). Ak ahnãscn cntdv ö ak pamdmn mak gdln cabnr. Uuarãepkefaras, y kns quarãe egnre cdscn. Fuebmn su pemra ka mdn su perta ma ke garabfde, äk sa ùa ‛e ube prnvdbfde eperteme–

Zarn su au`nrde ka murö pnfn. Fuebmn su mdbarn sa asùcö, sus ‛ecdhns– tecidäb sa ùarnb, y prnbtn e bgakö su gnher.Mdfgn ab `nrce sabfdkke, ak lnvab axtreõö su gnher macesdemn pere sahudr kalns. Vu fnrezöb ebsdeie rahraser. As ak mnknrpnr ke prasabfde ma Mdns kn qua bns kkave e ebgaker ub raevdvecdabtn y ube ra`nrce ab buastres vdmes. As tecidäb ak fkecnrmak fnrezöb pnr ub fåkdmn eirezn mak Zemra kn qua bns fnbmufa e gefar kns fecidns bafaserdns ab buastres vdmes. Zarn keceynr cntdvefdöb qua pnmacns tabar as ak masan ma maler ma quairebter ak fnrezöb ma equak qua bns ece tebtn. Fuebmnak gdln prömdhn asteie ravnkvdäbmnsa ab ak ierrn fnb kns farmns, su pemra tabãe cås mnknr qua äk.



Gefa mns cdk eõns, ak mãe fuebmn Lasüs fnkheie ma ke fruz, ke eirucemnre fukpe mak pafemn, ak epkestebta pasn ma kefnbmabefdöb mak cubmn quairö ak fnrezöb ma Lasüs. Fuebmn feptecns eub mäidkcabta ak mnknr qua tekemrö su fnrezöb pnrfeuse ma buastrns pafemns, masaeracns malerkns pere sdacpra. Astn as aspafdekcabta fdartn sd abtabmacns qua ak pafemnbn snkn ka treln mnknr abtnbfas, sdbn qua tecidäb kn sdabta egnre. ‛Znfns pda bseb ab ak su`rdcdabtn qua ak pafemn feusö ebuastrn Fraemnr. ]nmn ak Fdakn su`rdö fnb ke ehnbãe ma Frdstn? parn asa su`rdcdabtn bn acpazö bd tarcdbö fuebmn sacebdàstö ab ak sabn ma ke gucebdmem. Ke fruz as, pere buastrns sabtdmns abtnrpafdmns, ube ravakefdöb mak mnknr qua,masma su fncdabzn, prnmuln ak pafemn ab ak fnrezöb ma Mdns. Ka feuseb pabe tnme masvdefdöb ma ke lustdfde, tnmn eftn mafruakmem, tnmn `refesn ma ke gucebdmem ab fuebtn e ekfebzer su dmaek– (Ke amufefdöb, p. 906).

Ke ceynr cntdvefdöb pere ak fecidn bn as ak mnknr mak db`darbn bd kes makdfdes mak Fdakn? as ak rafnbnfdcdabtn ma qua ak

pafemn treln trdstaze e equak qua bns ece tebtn. Ke ra`nrce sufama fuebmn cd ecnr pnr äk as ceynr qua cd ecnr pnrfuekqudar ntre fnse qua bn astä ab ercnbãe fnb su vnkubtem. Pdaba fuebmn ye bn masaecns vnkubterdecabta y e seidabmesgefar fuekqudar fnse qua tredhe mnknr ek fnrezöb ma Mdns.¾Znrquä bn bns matabacns ub cdbutn pere nrer? Ng Mdns, pnr èvnr meca ak masan ma fnbnfarta ab tnme tu pkabdtum, kemdspnsdfdöb ma fecider kn qua qudaras qua yn fecida qua yn fecida fuekqudare sae ak fnstn, y ak veknr pere gefar kn qua asfnrraftn pnr sar fnrraftn>

Yaàrabfdes

5 Xdkkdec Ierfkey, ‛Ak Buavn ]astecabtn Fncabtemn–, @dkdpabsas, Fnknsabsas y D-DD ]aseknbdfabsas (Iuabns Edras, Amdtnrdek Ke Eurnre,5486), p. =4

FEZÃ]QKN 55

Ya`nrce< ]abar pabsecdabtns buavns

seef Xetts ùa kkecemn, fnb rezöb, ak pemra ma kns gdcbns ab dbhkäs. Va ka eframd-teb cås ma 81: gdcbns,cufgns ma kns fuekas tnmevãe sa febteb gny.Qb mãe sa raekdzö ub mas`dka ab Knbmras pere gnbrer e Xetts. Ke habta sa epratulö ab kes fekkas pere var e

asta gncira ècnsn fuyns febtns akkns geiãeb febtemn pnr mäfemes. Fuebmn su ferruela pesö pnr maieln ma ubiekföb, ube cular qua asteie etöbdte ma qua ak gncira abfnrvemn y ebfdebn qua vaãe ab ke fekka are qudab geiãeasfrdtn asns gdcbns teb celastunsns, hrdtö< ‛¡Uuä! ¾Qstam as Dseef Xetts>–

Xetts pdmdö qua sa matuvdare ak ferruela y axfkecö< ‛Vaõnre, sd pumdare ekfeb -zer ecins pnkns n snstabar kefraefdöb fnb cd cebn, tnmevãe sarãe camdmn pnr cd cabta, pnrqua ke cabta as ke camdme ma ub gncira–.

Xetts asteie ab kn fdartn< ke cabta as ke camdme ma ube parsnbe. Esã qua, ke ra`nrce ab üktdce dbstebfde as efarfema ube cabta trebs`nrceme, bn carecab-ta ub fecidn ma fnbmufte. ]daba qua var efarfe ma ub fecidn mapabsecdabtn< ‛Znrqua fuek as su pabsecdabtn ab su fnrezöb, tek as äk (Zrnvaridns 96<8). Qbe ra -`nrce ab buastrnpabser prnmufdrå ube ra`nrce ab buastres effdnbas. Ke ra`nrce nfurra fuebmn ak Aspãrdtu Vebtn pnba buastrnspabsecdabtns ab ercnbãe fnb kns ma Frdstn. Vd kns pabsecdabtns snb fnrraftns, kes effdnbas `dbekcabta tecidäb knsaråb.

Akabe ma Xgdta bns db`nrcö qua ‛gey ube kay ma ke beturekaze dbta¬kaftuek y aspdrdtuek sahüb ke fuek cnmd`dfecnsbuastrn sar camdebta ke fnbtacpkefdöb. Ke dbtakdhabfde sa emepte hremuekcabta e kns esubtns ab qua sa nfupe. Vaesdcdke kn qua sa efnstucire e ecer y e ravarabfder. Lecås sa akaverå ak gncira e ceynr ekture qua e ke ma su dmaekma puraze, ma inbmem n ma varmem– (Ak fnb`kdftn ma kns sdhkns, p. 055). Ak fecidn bn nfurra fnb snkn masaerkn,asparerkn n snõer efarfe ma äk. Vufama ek fnbtacpker e Lasüs ab su Zekeire. Bn gey beme teb aspdrdtuekcabtatrebs`nrcemnr fncn camdter ab ke vdme ma Lasüs y parcdtdr qua ak Aspãrdtu Vebtn bns trebs`nrca.

Ab Gairans fepãtukn 9, ak epöstnk Zeikn saõeke qua eubqua ak cek tnmevãe radbe ab asta cubmn, kns frayabtascdreb ab ntre mdraffdöb, puas ‛vacns... e Lasüs– (Gairans 9<4). Zeikn bns ebdce< ‛Fnbsdmarem ek epöstnk y sucnsefarmnta ma buastre prnàsdöb, Frdstn Lasüs– (Gairans 6<5). Mdfa< ‛]abdabmn ub hreb sucn se-farmnta qua trespesökns Fdakns, Lasüs ak Gdln ma Mdns, ratabhecns buastre prnà-sdöb– (Gairans =<5=). Yavake qua pnmacns snpnrter gesteak `db ‛puastns kns nlns ab Lasüs, ak eutnr y fnbsucemnr ma ke à– (Gairans 59<9). Eubqua pnmacns ab-`rabterpruaies y trdiukefdnbas, trdubèracns ab Frdstn, pnrqua bn cdrecns ‛kes fnses qua sa vab, sdbn kes qua bn sa vab– (9Fnrdbtdns =<57).

Ke ra`nrce tdaba qua var fnb cdrer e Lasüs. Fnb kkaber buastres cabtas fnb Lasüs. Fnb qua Lasüs mä `nrce e

D



buastrns pabsecdabtns. Fnb qua La¬süs huãa buastres effdnbas. Fuebmn fnbtacpkecns e Lasüs, äk bns huderå e ubecalnr ce-bare ma vdvdr qua ke qua prnmufa ube care fnb`nrcdmem rahdme e rahkes. Fnbfab-trerbns ab Lasüs ab vaz makes rahkes bn bns gefa cabns fudmemnsns efarfe ma gefar su vnkubtem. Ab fecidn, bns kkave e sar cås fnbfdabzumns.Bn pnmacns cd-rer e Lasüs y sahudr sdabmn dhuekas. Fuebmn pabsecns sus pabsecdabtns, tabacns ub snkn masan<ehremerka ab tnmn kn qua gefacns.

Kns `dktrns ma ke cabtaEkhubes parsnbes aståb teb pranfupemes pnr ak usn qua sus gdlns ge¬fab ma ke Dbtarbat qua geb eftdvemn `dktrns

pere iknquaer fdartns sdtdns. Ntrns geb gafgn ek-hn perafdmn pere fnbtrnker kn qua sus gdlns cdreb ab ke takavdsdöb. Akprnpösdtn ma asns `dktrns akaftröbdfns as parcdtdr qua ekhubes fnses pesab cdabtres ntres qua-mab eùare. Mdns geprnvdstn ub `dktrn aspdrdtuek pere buastres cabtas. Kn ge èird-femn fudmemnsecabta pere eirdr buastres cabtas snkne equakkes fnses qua amd`d-feb buastre axpardabfde aspdrdtuek fnb Lasüs.

Ak pubtn as qua bn pnmacns maserrnkker pabsecdabtns prnùbmecabta aspdrd-tuekas cdabtres ekdcabtecnsbuastres cabtas fnb vdnkabfde, dbcn¬rekdmem, everdfde y cetardekdscn. Buastrns sabtdmns snb kes puartes ma buastrecabta. Vd inc-iermaecns buastres cabtas fnb abtratabdcdabtns astdcukebtas ek astdkn ma kns ma Gnkkywnnm,saracns cnkmaemns pnr astes axpardabfdes sabsuekas ab vaz ma sarkn pnr kns prdbfdpdns ma ke Zekeire ma Mdns. Kns quaaståb ab ke dbmustrde mak ab-tratabdcdabtn hesteb cufgns cdkknbas ma mökeras pere cebdpuker buastres acn-fdnbas.Kn qua akkns prnmufab fnbmdfdnbeb buastre cebare ma pabser y meb `nrce e buastrns veknras. Znmacns supnbar quaastns ceastrns ma abtratabdcdabtns bn sa aståb prahubtebmn< ‛¾Uuä pnmacns gefar pere prnmufdr fnses quapra¬perab e ke habta pere ak rahrasn ma Lasüs>– Bn, kn qua kns cntdve snb kes tequdkkes, snb kns retdbhs y kes hebebfdesqua puamab prnmufdr.

Ke dbvastdhefdöb ge ravakemn rapatdmecabta ak dcpeftn ma kns camdns snira ke cabta. Zeuk Inxar, ma keQbdvarsdmem Yuthars ab Bawero, Buave Larsay, AA.QQ., ùa ak dbvastdhemnr prdbfdpek ma ub aqudpn qua astumdö akdcpeftn qua tdaba ke vdn-kabfde ab kns camdns snira kns emnkasfabtas. Inxar fncabtö< ‛Eub ab fnblubtn fnb ntrnsèftnras, buastre dbvastdhefdöb cuastre qua ke vdnkabfde ab kns camdns `ncabte ube fnbmufte vdnkabte. Ab prncamdn,kns emnkasfabtas qua bn ùarnb axpuastns e ke vdnkabfde ab kns camdns bn aståb teb dbfkdbemns e ube fnbmufte vdn-kabte–. Kns dbvas¬tdhemnras gekkernb qua hrebmas mnsds ma vdnkabfde ab kns camdns asteieb rakefdnbemes fnb ub rdashncås ektn ma fnbmufte vdnkabte y ma ehrasdöb habarek ab kns emnkasfabtas. Eub equakkns qua aståb fnb ub cabnrrdashn ma vdn-kabfde ab habarek, perafab cås vukbareikas e ke db`kuabfde ma ke vdnkabfde ab kns camdns. Iesemns abastns y ntrns gekkezhns, Inxar y sus fnkahes kkahernb e ke fnb-fkusdöb ma qua ‛eftuekcabta puama geiar cuy pnfesmumes ma qua ke axpnsdfdöb e ke vdnkabfde ab kns camdns tdaba ub dcpeftn fnbsdstabta y sustebfdek snira ube fnbmufteehrasdve–.

Ntrn astumdn fnbsdmarö kns emnkasfabtas ab Lepöb (qua sa fnbsdmare ube fuktu-re pnfn vdnkabte) y ab kns AstemnsQbdmns (fnbsdmareme ube fukture ektecabta vdn-kabte). Kns dbvastdhemnras abfnbtrernb qua kns emnkasfabtas quapertdfdpeb fnb `rafuabfde ab vdmanluahns vdnkabtns sa fncpnrteb cås ehrasdvecabta qua sus fncpeõarns qua bnpertdfdpeb ma asns luahns. T ak Lnurbek n` Tnutg ebm Emnkas-fabfa ma àirarn ma 9::4 db`nrcö kns gekkez¬hns ma ubastumdn ma ke rakefdöb abtra kns gåidtns ma cdrer takavdsdöb fnb kns acierezns abtra emnkasfabtas. ‛E ub tntek ma9.::6 emnkasfabtas (ma abtra 59 y 58 eõns) sa kas prahubtö fuåb e cabumn cdreieb 96 prnhreces pn¬pukeras ab ke]P qua cnstreieb iasns epesdnbemns, fnbvarsefdnbas snira saxn y rakefdnbas saxuekas. Qbn e tras eõns cås terma,ùa-rnb abtravdstemns ntre vaz? 8== emnkasfabtas db`nrcernb aster saxuekcabta eftd-vns. Kns qua cdreieb cås asnsprnhreces fnb fnbtabdmn saxuek astuvdarnb mns n tras vafas cås axpuastns e quamer acierezemes n prnmufdr ubacierezn ab ube bdõe qua kns emnkasfabtas qua cdreieb cabns–.

Zeikn mdn ube ecnbastefdöb qua sa rapdta fncn ub afn ab ak tdacpn< ‛Znr kn macås, garcebns, tnmn kn qua as

varmemarn, tnmn kn gnbastn, tnmn kn lustn, tnmn kn purn, tnmn kn eceika, tnmn kn qua as ma iuab bncira? sd gey vdrtumekhube, sd ekhn mdhbn ma ekeiebze, ab astn pabsem (@dk. =<7). Kns frdstdebns emvabtdstes mak säptdcn mãe qua sa praperebpere ke sahubme vabdme ma Frdstn maidareb avdter se-frd`dfer sus ekces ab ak ekter ma kns abtratabdcdabtns ma astacubmn. Vd ak mdeikn mncdbe tus pabsecdabtns ek rapeser ab tu cabta dcåhabas ma ]P, ma pakãfukes y ma ntrns camdnsube y ntre vaz, kkaherås e aster airdn fnb kns pkefaras acirdeheb-tas ma asta cubmn y farremn e kns veknras atarbns.Znr camdn mak mnb prn`ätdfn, Mdns ge memn e kns emvabtdstes mak säptdcn mãe vdskuciras sdbhukeras pere ke pra-perefdöb pere ke vabdme mak Vaõnr. Akabe ma Xgdta axpusn kns abheõns ma Vetebås ma aste cebare ehume<

‛As ke nire aspafdek ma Vetebås ab astns üktdcns mães ke ma tncer pnsa¬sdöb ma kes cabtas ma kns lövabas,fnrrncpar sus pabsecdabtns, a db`kecer sus pesdnbas? pnrqua äk seia qua ek gefarkn puama kkaverkns e effdnbasdcpures, y esã kes èfuk-temas bnikas ma ke cabta saråb mahrememes, y äk puama fnbtrnkerkes pere sus prn-pdnsprnpösdtns. ]nmns snb ehabtas cnrekas kdiras, y fncn tekas, maiab emdastrer sus pabsecdabtns pere qua fnrreb pnr ak

febek fnrraftn. Ke prdcare terae ma qudabas qudarab ra`nrcersa as purd`dfer ke dcehdbefdöb. Buastres camdtefdnbasmaiarãeb sar tekas qua akavab ke cabta– (Fgrdstdeb ]acparebfa ebm Idika Gyhdaba, 574:, p. 560).

Mdns bns kkece e bn sar prasdnbemns ab ak cnkma ma asta cubmn. Bns kkece e sar trebs`nrcemns e ke dcehab maFrdstn pnr ke rabnvefdöb ma buastres cabtas. Ke pekeire hrdahe tremufdme ‛trebs`nrcemns– as catecnr`ön ma ke fueknitabacns ke pekeire ‛catecnr`nsds–. Aste pekeire sa ke use ek geiker ma kes nruhes qua sa errestreb geste sar



trebs`nrcemes ab cerdpnses, y vdvab ube vdme abtarecabta buave. Znr camdn mak pnmar mak Aspãrdtu Vebtn, knsfrayabtas snb tecidäb cate-cnr`nsaemns, y vdvab ube vdme abtarecabta mdàrabta ma ke qua vdvãeb fuebmn as-teiebieln ak pnmar mak pafemn (9 Fnrdbtdns 6<57).

Lasüs fncperö asta fecidn fnb ak buavn befdcdabtn. Vdhbd`dfe sahudr ube bua-ve cebare ma pabser, kn quasdacpra kkave e ube buave cebare ma vdvdr. Zeikn kn kkecö ‛ak kevecdabtn ma ke rahabarefdöb y pnr ke rabnvefdöb ab akAspãrdtu Vebtn (]dtn 6<1). Geikö ma ke parsnbe dbtardnr ‖buastrns as¬quaces ma pabsecdabtn ‖ ra-bnveme mãe tres mãe(9 Fnrdbtdns =<50). Astns peselas bn sdhbd`dfeb qua maiacns peser feme cncabtn ma vdhdkde fnbtacpkebmn fnsesaspdrdtuekas. Bn einheb pnr ub astdkn ma vdme cnbåstdfn ma nrefdöb y camdtefdöb fnbtdbues. Zarn astns varsã-fuknssdhbd`dfeb qua buastre ra¬kefdöb fnb Lasüs maia hniarber feme espaftn ma buastre vdme. @ncabteb ube cebare mapabser qua gefa ma kns veknras atarbns ak ùbmecabtn ma tnmn kn qua pabsecns, mafdcns y gefacns. Fuebmn Lasüsas ak fabtrn ma buastre vdme, tnmn kn macås quamerå sulatn e äk.

Ke abtreme prdbfdpek e ke hreb fetamrek ma Cdkåb, Dtekde, tdaba tras hrebmas puar-tes. Dbsfrdtn pnr abfdce ma kepuarte ma ke dzqudarme aståb kes pekeires< ‛]nmn kn qua ehreme as pnr ub cncabtn–, y snira ke puarte mak kemnmarafgn mdfa< ‛]nmn kn qua e`kdha as pnr ub cncabtn–. Fnb hrebmas katres pnr snira ke puarte fabtrek astå astarafnrmetnrdn dcpnrtebta< ‛Vnkn parmure kn qua as atarbn–. Kes akaffdn-bas cås dcpnrtebtas qua pnmacns gefar snbkes qua tdabab fnbsafuabfdes atar-bes. ¡Akdlecns seidecabta!

Ke sekvehuermde ma ke cabtaAk epöstnk Zeikn bns ecnbaste< ‛Geye, puas, ab vnsntrns asta sabtdr qua guin tecidäb ab Frdstn Lasüs (@dkdpabsas

9<1). Ke pekeire ‛geye– sdhbd`dfe parcdtdr. Ak Zukpdt Fnccabtery _Qb fncabterdn iãikdfnS fnbtdaba ube nisarvefdöbdbtarasebta fnb raspaftn e asta pesela. Ke tremuffdöb mak pe¬sela gafge pnr ak eutnr mak fn-cabterdn snira @dkdpabsasmdfa< ‛Zranfüpeta pnr kes fnses pnr kes qua ak Vaõnr Lasüs sa pranfupö–. Kuahn mdfa qua Zeikn bns ebdce e ec er knqua Lasüs ecn, y e nmder kn qua äk nmdö, y eõema asta pabsecdabtn< ‛Kns pabsecdabtns, masans, cn -tdvns mak frdstdebnmaiab sar kns pabsecdabtns, kns masans y kns cntdvns qua kka-bernb ak sehremn fnrezöb ma Lasufrdstn buastrn Vaõnr.Maiacns as`nrzerbns pnr dcdterkn, raprnmufdr su dcehab, bn snkn axtarbecabta, sdbn eub ab ke vdme dbtardnr–. @dlerbuastres cabtas ab kes fnses fakastdekas prnmufa pabsecdabtns fa-kastdekas. @dler buastres cabtas ab fnsestarrabekas prnmufa pabsecdabtns tarra-bekas. As esã ma sabfdkkn.

Ak epöstnk tecidäb asfrdidö efarfe ma kkaver ‛feutdvn tnmn pabsecdabtn e ke niamdabfde e Frdstn– (9 Fnrdbtdns5:<1). ¾Uuä qudsn mafdr> ]ek vaz kn mdfa idab ak ebtdhun mdfgn< Bn puamas avdter qua kns pålerns vuakab pnr snira tufeiaze, parn puamas dcpamdrkas qua geheb bdmn ab tu feiakkn–. Kn qua sa va, nya y guaka mas-pdarte pabsecdabtns abbuastre cabta. Bn pnmacns dcpamdr qua surleb kns pab-secdabtns, parn pnmacns akahdr ab fuåkas bns matabmracnsy parcdtdracns qua mncdbab buastres cabtas. Bn pnmacns akdcdber tnmns kns pabsecdabtns ferbekas carecabtamasaebmn qua sa veyeb, parn pnmacns acpulerkns gefde ùare kkabebmn buastres cabtas fnb ntrns pabsecdabtnscalnras. Qbe cabta qua astå fnbfabtreme ab kns prdbfdpdns pnsdtdvns ma ke Zekeire ma Mdns as ube cabta qua kehrefde ma Mdns prntaha ma kns etequas mak cekdhbn.

Kns asfrdtnras iãikdfns useb mdvarsns tärcdbns pere geiker mak frafd¬cdabtn frds-tdebn. Geikeb ma ‛frafar ab kehrefde, sebtd`dfefdöb, par¬àffdöb–, ‛aster fncpka-tns–, ‛vdvdr ab ak Aspãrdtu–, y sebtdmem (9 Zamrn 6<57? Gairans 9<55?0<5? Yncebns 7<4? Gairans 59<5:). Asta frafdcdabtn dbfkuya feme espaftn ma buastres vdmes.

Kns ebtdhuns hrdahns areb muekdstes? fraãeb qua sa pnmãe saperer ak ekce mak fuarpn. Zarn kns mdsfãpukns absaõernbqua ke sekum `ãsdfe, ke cabtek, ke acnfdnbek y ke aspdrdtuek aståb tnmes dbtarfnbaftemes y bn sa puamab saperer. ]nmn knqua eàfte e ube perta ma ke parsnbe eàfterå tnmes kes pertas ma ase parsnbe. Ke Id-ikde dbmdfe qua ke praperefdöbpere ak rahrasn ma buastrn Vaõnr dbvnkufre feme es-paftn ma buastre vdme. Zeikn fnbfkuya su prdcare ferte e kns]aseknbdfabsas fnb ube nrefdöb e èvnr ma akkns. ‛T ak cdscn Mdns ma pez ns sebtd`dqua pnr fncpkatn? y tnmn vuastrn

sar, aspãrdtu, ekce y fuarpn, sae huermemn drraprabsdika pere ke va-bdme ma buastrn Vaõnr Lasufrdstn– (5]aseknbdfabsas 1<96). Ke pekeire hrdahe tre-mufdme fncn ‛fncpkatn– as gnkntakäs, qua trescdta ke dmae ma sarfncpkatn ab tnmes sus pertas. Bn pnmacns maler ma abtraher e Lasüs bdbhube perta ma buastre vdme. Äk ebgaketrebs`nrcerbns abtarecabta< buastrn pabser, buastrns gåidtns, y kes fnses qua gefacns qua fnbstdtuyab buastrnastdkn ma vdme. Ak pafemn ratabdmn ab fuekqudar perta ma buastre vdme snfeve buastre à.

Ke Asfrdture dbmdfe qua buastrn idabaster `ãsdfn, cabtek y acnfdnbek astå dbmd-snkuikacabta vdbfukemns fnbbuastrn idabaster aspdrdtuek. Ak epöstnk Zeikn epakö e kns frayabtas e hknrd`dfer e Mdns ab sus fuarpns. Fraãe qua knsgucebns gacns sdmn ‛fncpremns pnr prafdn– pnr kn qua partabafacns e Lasüs (5 Fnrdbtdns 0<54, 9:). Fudmerbuastrns fuarpns ek emnpter ub astdkn ma vdme sekumeika sdhbd`dfe cufgn cås qua carecabta eõemdr ubns pnfns eõnse buastre vdme. As ub eftn ma emnrefdöb e Frdstn, qudab bns fraö y bns ramdcdö.

Ak Aspãrdtu Vebtn bn sa kdcdte e ub espaftn ma buastres vdmes fuebmn bns fnb-vabfa ma buastre bafasdmem ma

frafdcdabtn. Ke ra`nrce bn tdaba ube snke mdcab-sdöb. Ak Aspãrdtu ebgake kkaver feme perta ma buastre vdme e ubefnb`nrcdmem tntek fnb ke vnkubtem ma Frdstn ab feme årae. Vd gey pråftdfes ma astdkn ma vdme qua bn aståb ab ercnbãefnb ke vnkubtem ma Mdns, äk bns dbvdte e abtraherbns e äk pere su hknrde.

Vetebås qudara fnbtrnker buastres cabtas pnr camdn ma buastrns fuarpns. Lasüs ebgake fnbtrnker buastrnsfuarpns pnr camdn ma buastres cabtas. Akabe ma Xgdta bns mdfa< ‛Ke sekum as ube iabmdfdöb dbastdceika, qua astå



cås ãbtdcecab-ta rakefdnbeme fnb ke fnbfdabfde y ke rakdhdöb ma kn qua cufgns sa meb fuabte. ]daba cufgn qua varfnb ke fepefdmem ma ubn pere sarvdr, y maia sar huermeme ab `nrce teb sehreme fncn ak feråftar? pnrqua fuebtn cåsparàfte sae ke sekum, tebtn cås paràftns saråb tecidäb buastrns asùarzns pere gefar prnhraser ke feuse ma Mdns yiaba`dfder e ke gucebdmem– (Fnbsalns pere kns ceastrns, p. 97:).

Qbe ma kes hrebmas ra`nrces qua Mdns pdma as ke ra`nrce prn sekum, bn fncn ub camdn ma lustd`dferbns, sdbn ubcamdn ma praperer ub puaikn pere ke vabdme ma Lasüs. Buastrns fuarpns snb tacpkns, bn feses ma mdvar¬sdöb. Eksahudr kns prdbfd-pdns mak Fdakn, pnmacns vdvdr vdmes cås kkabes ma hnzn, cås prnmuftdves, cås eiubmebtas y cåssebes, y sar tastdhns cås pnmarnsns ek cubmn. Lasüs mdln< ‛Tn ga vabdmn pere qua tabheb vdme, y pere qua ke tabhebab eiubmebfde– (Lueb 5:<5:).

Dcåhabas ma db`kuabfdeLasüs usö cufges catå`nres pere masfrdidrsa e sã cdscn y e su dhkasde. Fnb `rafuabfde usö ke ma ke kuz. Äk as ke ‛kuz

mak cubmn– (Lueb 7<59)? ke kuz varmemare, qua ekucire e tnmn gncira, vabãe e asta cubmn– (Lueb 5<4). Bns ebdce<‛fraam ab ke kuz– y ‛ebmem– ab ke kuz (Lueb 59<61, 60).

Ke cate ma tnme ra`nrce as parcdtdr qua ke kuz mak ecnr, ke hrefde y ke varmem ma Lasüs irdkkab pnr camdn mabnsntrns pere dkucdber ke vdme ma ntrns. Ke kuz irdkke ab fnbtresta fnb ke nsfurdmem. Lasüs kkecö e su puaikn e ub astdknma vdme fkere-cabta mdàrabta ma ke mak cubmn pere macnstrer ke supardnrdmem ma su cnmn ma vdme. Bns kkece e sarfncpesdvns, dbta¬rasemns y pranfupemns ab ub cubmn ma ahnãscn, fnmdfde y ahntdscn– (Cetan 9:<97). Bns kkece ebnrces akavemes ma ab-tratabdcdabtn ab ube snfdamem airde ma pkefaras (Fnknsabsas 6<5, 9). Bns kkece e vdvdrsebecabta ab ube äpnfe fuebmn cdkknbas cuarab macesdemn lövabas pnr abàrcamemas mahabaretdveseutndb`kdhdmes (Lueb 5:<5:). Ab camdn ma ube haba-refdöb dbcnmaste, fabtreme ab ak saxn, febseme ma axfdtefdnbas,Lasüs bns kkece e ke cnmastde, ek mafnrn y e ke puraze cnrek (5 Zamrn 6<6, =).

Ak dmaek ma Mdns pere su dhkasde y pere bnsntrns, fncn dbmdvdmuns, as cås ektn ma kn qua pnmacns dcehdber. Ebgakeravaker su feråftar ma ecnr pnr camdn ma su puaikn. Ke ra`nrce sdhbd`dfe parcdtdr qua ak Aspãrdtu Vebtn nira pnrcamdn ma bn-sntrns pere qua pnmecns vdvdr ab ercnbãe fnb buastre akaveme vnfefdöb ab Frdstn. Dbfkuya ubetrebs`nrcefdöb ma buastrns pabsecdabtns qua fnbmufab e ube trebs`nrcefdöb ab kn qua gefacns. Qbe vdmera`nrceme as ke qua cebtabar ak stetus qun ye bn as efapteika. As ube vdme ab ke qua sar frdstdebn snkn ma bncira asracpke¬zemn pnr ub fnrezöb qua erma epesdnbemecabta pnr Frdstn. As ube vdme ab ke qua ak `nrcekdscn y ubefnbfabtrefdöb ab kn axtarbn sa masvebafab geste ke dbsdhbd`dfebfde e ke kuz ma ube axpardabfde vdirebta y vdvdabta fnbLasufrdstn.

Xdkkdec Mubb Knbhste`` are ub gncira ma bahnfdns frdstdebns qua vdvdö ab Db-hketarre ab ke üktdce perta mak sdhknWDW. Qb mãe, cdabtres asteie sabtemn ab ke dhkasde asfufgebmn e ub cdsdnbarn qua geiãe vabdmn ma Fgdbe, quapramdfeie snira 5 Zamrn 5<50, ‛Vam sebtns, pnrqua yn sny sebtn–, ekhn kn fnbcnvdö ab kn prnùbmn ma su fnrezöb.Vdbtdö qua Mdns kn asteie fnbmufdabmn e ube axpardabfde cås rdfe y pkabe. Ab raspuaste, asfrdidö kn qua kkahö e sar ubgdcbn ècdkder.

Kaa kes mns prdcares astrnès ma asta gdcbn fncn ube nrefdöb, parcdtdabmn qua Mdns geika e tu fnrezöb. sprdcares astrnès ma asta gdcbn fncn ube nrefdöb, parcdtdabmn qua Mdns geika e tu fnrezöb.

Vam purns y sebtns, cdrem ek Vaõnr,parcebafam `dakas, nrem sdb fasery qua ke Zekeire mak iuab Vekvemnrns kkava ab ke vdme e sarvdr y ecer.Vam purns y sebtns, Mdns bns luzherå?

nrem ab safratn< raspuaste vabmrå.Vu Aspãrdtu Vebtn ravake e Lasüs,y su sacalebze ab bns äk pnbmrå



FEZÃ]QKN 59

Ya`nrce< seberkes rakefdnbasquairemes

e ra`nrce raqudara rakefdnbas rasteuremes. Kes rakefdnbas quairemes astnrieb ak marrececdabtn mak AspãrdtuVebtn ab su pkabdtum. E cabns qua kes rakefdnbas quairemes sa errahkab, ke kkuvde termãe -ke iabmdfdöb mak Fdakn abak tdacpn mak `db pere tarcdber ke cdsdöb ma Mdns snira ke ]darre- bn vabmrå. Ab ak sdhkn prdcarn, ke axpardabfde makepnsabtn ektn ubdö e kns frayabtas ab ub vãbfukn ma fncpeõardscn qua kns praperö pere rafdidr ke pkabdtum mak

Aspãrdtu Vebtn ab Zabtafnstäs. Fuebmn ke dhkasde bn astå ubdme, su tastdcnbdn ek cubmn as sdkabfdemn.Eub maspuäs ma Zabtafnstäs, guin cncabtns ab qua kes rakefdnbas abtra kns frayabtas astuvdarnb tabses. Ak Buavn

]astecabtn rahdstre alacpkns rapatdmns ma kãmaras y cdacirns dbmdvdmuekas ma kes dhkasdes qua treternb fnb astesfdrfubstebfdes md`ãfdkas. Znr alacpkn, aståb kes gdstnrdes ma kns fnb`kdftns qua surhdarnb abtra Zeikn, pnr ub kemn, y Iarbeiäy Lueb Cerfns pnr ak ntrn? abtra @dkacöb y Nbäsdcn? y ab ke dhkasde ma Fnrdbtn. Znr supuastn, cuy pnr abfdce ma tnmnsastå ak fnb`kdftn abtra Lasüs y qudabas kn frufd`dfernb, ub fnb`kdftn qua ravake kes prnùbmdmemas mak parmöb mdvdbn. Knsprdbfdpdns qua abfnbtrecns ab astes gdstnrdes snb sucecabta vekdnsns pere ke dhkasde eftuek, puas ravakeb föcn treter fnbkns fnb`kdftns y quä rasuktemns pnsdtdvns sa nituvdarnb fuebmn ke habta sdhudö astns prdbfdpdns.

Kns hrebmas raevdvecdabtns aspdrdtuekas mak pesemn `ncabternb ke furefdöb ma kes rakefdnbas. Ke nire mak Aspãrdtu Vebtnetreln e kes parsnbes cås farfe ma Mdns y ma kns ubns fnb kns ntrns. Kes hrebmas macnstrefdnbas ma ke varefdmem makavebhakdn bn snb bafaserdecabta kn qua ke dhkasde mdfa, sdbn föcn vdvab kns à kdhrasas. Lasüs cdscn mdln< ‛Ab astnfnbnfaråb tnmns qua snds cds mdsfãpukns, sd tuvdarads ecnr kns ubns fnb kns ntrns– (Lueb 56<61).

Zeikn are epesdnbemn efarfe ma fncpertdr e Lasüs. Are ub gncira ab cdsdöb. Iarbeiä ubdö sus dbdfdetdvesavebhakdzemnres, y kns mns `nrcernb ub aqudpn avebhakdzemnr dbträpdmn. Vu rakefdöb sa raekdzö e mdàrabtas bdvakas< arebecdhns, esnfdemns ab ak treieln, y fncpeõarns frdstdebns. Zarn `dbekcabta surhdö ub fnb`kdftn abtra ecins< ubn quadbvnkufrö e Lueb Cerfns. Avdmabtacabta, asta lnvab pramdfemnr eiebmnbö su puastn ab Zeb`dkde fuebmn kes fnses sapusdarnb md`ãfdkas ekkã. Akabe ma Xgdta bns mdfa< ‛Aste masarfdöb dbmuln e Zeikn e luzher masèvnreika y eub savare cabta,pnr ub tdacpn, e Cerfns. Iarbeiä, pnr ntrn kemn, sa dbfkdbeie e axfuserkn pnr feuse ma su dbaxpardabfde. Ebgakeie quaCerfns bn eiebmnbesa ak cdbdstardn, pnrqua vaãe ab äk fuekdmemas qua ke geidkdterãeb pere sar ub nirarn ütdk pere Frdstn–(Kns gafgns ma kns epöstnkas, p. 5=:).

Ma aste cebare, eubqua Zeikn y Iarbeiä tabãeb ub prnùbmn raspatn cutun, ak fnb`kdftn snira Lueb Cerfns kns kkavö esaperersa. Zeikn dbvdtö e Vdkes e efncpeõerkn ab sus vdelas ma pramdfefdöb, y Iarbeiä y Lueb Cerfns `nrcernb ntrn aqudpnavebhakdzemnr.

Mdns usö e ecins aqudpns avebhakdzemnras pere pkebter dhkasdes buaves y heber e fnbvarsns buavns, bn nistebta geiãetnmevãe prnikaces abtra akkns qua bafasdteieb rasnkvar. Ke cate `dbek ma Mdns pere Zeikn, Iarbeiä y Lueb Cerfns are kerafnbfdkdefdöb. Äk ebgakeie qua su rakefdöb sa rasteurere. Ak epöstnk qua pramdfeie ke hrefde bafasdteie axtabmar hrefde ek lnvab pramdfemnr qua kn geiãe eiebmnbemn. Ak epöstnk mak parmöb bafasdteie parmnber ek lnvab qua kn geiãe nàbmdmn. Akparsahudmnr ma kns frdstdebns qua geiãe rafdidmn ube sahubme npnrtubdmem bafasdteie n`rafar ek lnvab qua sa geiãemasebdcemn, ube sahubme npnrtubdmem.

Eubqua ekhubns ma kns matekkas ma ke rafnbfdkdefdöb fnb Lueb Cerfns saeb ekhn iravas, ak rahdstrn iãikdfn male fkern quake rakefdöb sa rasteurö. Zeikn bntö ak frafdcdabtn ab ke hrefde ma Lueb Cerfns, y asn fnbcnvdö ak fnrezöb ma Zeikn. Äk sa

efarfö e Lueb Cerfns y asta kkahö e sar ubn ma sus fncpeõarns ma ceynr fnb`debze. @dbekcabta, Zeikn rafncabmö e LuebCerfns e ke dhkasde ma Fnknses fncn ubn ma kns qua kn eyumeieb ab ak radbn ma Mdns (Fnknsabsas =<5:, 55). T ek `dbek ma suvdme, ka pdmdö e ]dcntan qua trelare fnbsdhn e Lueb Cerfns e Ynce, ‛pnrqua ca as ütdk pere ak cdbdstardn– (9 ]dcntan =<55).Ke ierrare abtra akkns sa geiãe marrdiemn. Ke hrefde ma Mdns geiãe sebemn ke rakefdöb quaireme. T ak cdbdstardn ma Zeikn saabrdquafdö fnb ak lnvab pramdfemnr e qudab äk geiãe parmnbemn.

Zdabse ab ak hnzn qua ak epöstnk Zeikn guidare parmdmn sd bn guidare astemn mdspuastn e parmnber. Zdabse ab ak hnzn

K



qua Lueb Cerfns guidare parmdmn sd guidare quamemn rucdebmn su ecerhure y rafgezemn ak parmöb ma Zeikn pnr sufniermãe. Ke habta qua bn parmnbe bn puama tabar rakefdnbas prnùbmes, y esã maleb ma rafdidr cufgn hnzn ab ke vdme.

Ma asfkevn e gdlnCdabtres Zeikn astuvn abferfakemn ab Ynce, sa abfnbtrö fnb ub asfkevn ùhdtdvn kkecemn Nbäsdcn. Asta asfkevn geiãe

asfepemn ma Fnknses e Ynce, asparebmn, avdmabtacabta, fncabzer ekkã ube vdme buave. Zeikn fnbnfãe e su ecn, @dkacöb.Ab raekdmem, kn kkece ‛ecemn @dkacöb, fnkeinremnr buastrn– (@dkacöb 5). Ke apãstnke e @dkacöb as ke epakefdöb ma Zeikn esu ecdhn e qua parmnbere e Nbäsdcn y rasteikafdare su rakefdöb.

@dkacöb are ub kãmar ma ke dhkasde ab Fnknses. Vd cebtabãe ecerhure gefde Nbäsdcn, cebfgerãe su tastdcnbdn frdstdebn. Tsd Nbäsdcn, ub frdstdebn rafdabta, bn rasnkvãe su prnikace fnb su ecn, su axpardabfde fnb Lasüs sarãe eàfteme sardecabta.Kes rakefdnbas dcpnrteb bn snkn pnrqua snb frãtdfecabta dcpnrtebtas pere ke ercnbãe ma ke dhkasde, sdbn tecidäb pere akfrafdcdabtn aspdrdtuek ma kes parsnbes dbvnkufremes. Znr md`ãfdk qua suaba, bn pnmacns frafar ab ke hrefde geste qua keaxtabmecns e ntrns, y bn pnmacns axpardcabter ak parmöb ab tnme su cerevdkke y iakkaze e cabns qua astacnsmdspuastns e parmnber.

Ab su apãstnke e kns Håketes, Zeikn geiãe trnbemn< ‛Te bn gey lumãn bd hrdahn? bn gey asfkevn bd kdira? bn gey veröb bdcular? pnrqua tnmns vnsntrns snds ubn ab Frdstn Lasüs– (Håketes 6<97). Esã qua abfnbtrecns ub pnfn snrprabmabta quaZeikn bn ka asfrdidare e @dkacöb efarfe ma kns cekas ma ke asfkevdtum. Zarn ke astretahde ma Zeikn ùa cufgn cås aàftdvema kn qua guidare sdmn ube fnb`rnbtefdöb mdrafte. Abvdö e Nbäsdcn ma rahrasn e @dkacöb bn fncn asfkevn sdbn fncn su‛gdln–, y fncn ‛ecemn garcebn– ma @dkacöb ‛ab ak Vaõnr– (@dkacöb 50).

Kns asfkevns ùhdtdvns e`rnbteieb ub ùturn kühuira. Ab ak calnr ma kns fesns, asteieb fnbmabemns e ube vdme mamastdtufdöb y pniraze, y sd kns feptureieb, e`rnbteieb festdhns qua dieb ma ube savare tubme ma ezntas geste ke alafufdöb.Zarn fncn garcebn ma @dkacöb ab Frdstn y egnre treielemnr mdspuastn, ke fncdme, ak eknlecdabtn y ak treieln asteiebesahuremns pere Nbäsdcn. Esã, ke rasteurefdöb ma aste rakefdöb quaireme gdzn ube mdàrabfde mrecåtdfe ab su vdme ab ke]darre y su mastdbn atarbn. Kkahö e sar ub ‛ecemn y `dak garcebn– y fnkeinremnr fnb @dkacöb y Zeikn ab ke feuse ma Frdstn(Fnknsabsas =<4). Qb db`nrca mak sdhkn sahubmn mdfa qua Dhbefdn, ubn ma kns kãmaras ma ke dhkasde frdstdebe ab ke habarefdöbsdhudabta e kns mdsfãpukns, sa abfnbtrö fnb Nbäsdcn ab Äàsn, mnbma geiãe kkahemn e sar ubn ma kns kãmaras aspdrdtuekas ma kedhkasde knfek.

Ke rafnbfdkdefdöb gdzn ube mdàrabfde. Mdns tabãe pkebas pere asta asfkevn ùhdtdvn, y ke furefdöb ma aste rakefdöb`reftureme fnb @dkacöb dcpuksö astns pkebas.

¾]daba Mdns pkebas snrprabmabtas pere tu vdme qua pnmrãeb evebzer sebebmn ekhube rakefdöb rnte> ¾Znmrãe Mdnskkecerta e ub fecidn ‖ube ra`nrce ‖ ab tu rakefdöb fnb ub cdacirn epertemn ma tu ècdkde n ub ax ecdhn> ¾Znmrãe ak

Aspãrdtu Vebtn aster dcprasdnbåbmnta e tncer kes dbdfdetdve pere rasteurer ase rakefdöb> Vd bn tnces ke dbdfdetdve, ke rakefdöbpuama bubfe rasteurersa. Zdabse ab kes iabmdfdnbas pere td y pere ke ntre parsnbe qua sa asterãeb parmdabmn.

Ma fncperefdöb e fncpkacabtefdöbPacns dbtabfdöb pere buastres rakefdnbas tecidäb ab ke dhkasde ab Fnrdbtn. Ase dhkasde asteie pkeheme ma fnb`kdftns. Kns

cdacirns sa dmabtd`dfeieb fncn sahudmnras ma Epnkns, ma Zamrn n ma Zeikn, y fnbstruãeb curns cabtekas qua mdvdmãeb kedhkasde. Vu ebdcnsdmem kns geiãe gafgn ferbekas, bn aspdrdtuekas, ma cnmn qua ke abvdmde y kes fnbtdabmes areb fncubas.Kes eftdtumas y effdnbas ma ke dhkasde fdartecabta bn ra`kaleieb ak ecnr ma Lasüs. Vus cdacirns bn eftueieb fncnparsnbes fuyns fnreznbas guidareb sdmn fnbvartdmns y fuyes vdmes guidareb sdmn trebs`nrcemes. Ase dhkasde bafasdteiera`nrce.

Ab kes fertes ma Zeikn e kns Fnrdbtdns, insqualö prdbfdpdns vdtekas ma ubdmem ab ke dhkasde. Vaõekö qua Lasüs use e

parsnbes mdàrabtas pere raekdzer cdbdstardns mdàrabtas ab su dhkasde, y qua eubqua kns rnkas ma kns cdacirns mdàrãeb, femeubn ma akkns are ub nirarn lubtn fnb Mdns pere ke amd`dfefdöb ma su radbn (5 Fnrdbtdns 6<4).

Mdns bns kkece e fnnparer, bn e fncpatdr. Feme frayabta rafdidö ub mnb ma Mdns pere cdbdstrer ek fuarpn ma Frdstn ysarvdr e ke fncubdmem (5 Fnrdbtdns 59<55). Ke dhkasde ma Frdstn bafasdte kns mnbas ma tnmns kns frayabtas (5 Fnrdbtdns 59<57-96). Equakkns mnbas bn tdabab ke dbtabfdöb ma cnstrer ak èvnr ma Mdns snira ekhubns pnr abfdce ma ntrns. Kns me ma cnmnqua pnmecns sarvdr e kes parsnbes qua tdabab bafasdmem. ]nme fncperefdöb fnb ntrns, abtnbfas, bn as prumabta. Kesfncperefdnbas bns gefab sabtdr masebdcemns u nrhukknsns, y ecies eftdtumas astnrieb buastre aàftdvdmem pnr Frdstn. Ektreieler mabtrn ma ke asàre ma db`kuabfde qua Frdstn bns mdn, abfnbtreracns hnzn y setdsèffdöb ab buastre tastd`dfefdöb.Buastres keinras fncpkacabteråb kns asùarzns ma kns ntrns cdacirns, y ke dhkasde ma Frdstn merå pesns abnrcas gefde akradbn.

Akabe ma Xgdta saõeke< ‛Fuebmn kns nirarns tabheb ub Frdstn qua cnra parcebabtacabta ab sus ekces, fuebmn tnmn

ahnãscn astä cuartn, fuebmn bn geye rdvekdmem bd kufge pnr ke supracefãe, fuebmn axdste ubdmem, fuebmn sa sebtd`dquab esã cdscns, ma cnmn qua sa vae y sdabte ak ecnr cutun, abtnbfas kes kkuvdes ma hrefde mak Aspãrdtu Vebtn vabmråb sniraakkns teb fdartecabta fncn qua ke prncase ma Mdns bubfe èkterå ab ube lnte n tdkma– (Cabselas sakaftns, tncn 5, p. 9:0).Kns fnb`kdftns abtra kns kãmaras y kns cdacirns ma ke dhkasde treab masprastdhdn ek fuarpn ma Frdstn. Zarn fuebmn sa akdcdbe ke`rdffdöb y kns fncietdabtas sa rafnbfdkdeb, ak bncira ma Mdns as gnbremn y su feuse prnhrase.

Ab ak sdhkn WDW, Fgerkas Vpurhanb y Lnsapg Zeroar areb pestnras ab Knbmras. Qb mncdbhn, Zeroar fncabtö masma ak



pükpdtn qua kns bdõns emcdtdmns ab ak nrèbetn ma Vpurhanb kkaheieb e ube fnbmdfdöb ma axtrace pniraze.Kecabteikacabta, ekhudab ka fnbtö ek pestnr Vpurhanb qua Zeroar geiãe mdfgn qua su nrèbetn asteie ab cuy cekefnbmdfdöb.

Ak mncdbhn sdhudabta, Vpurhanb sa masferhö fnbtre Zeroar masma ak pükpdtn. Vu etequa sa puikdfö ab kns mderdns, y ùa kefncdmdkke ma ke fdumem. Znr akkn, ak mncdbhn sdhudabta ke habta sa ehnkpö ab ke dhkasde ma Zeroar pere asfufgerkn merebmebemes fnbtre Vpurhanb. Ab fecidn, Zeroar mdln< ‛Abtdabmn qua ak Mr. Vpurhanb bn astå ab su pükpdtn gny, y asta as akmncdbhn mnbma suakab tncer ube n`rabme pere ak nrèbetn. Vuhdarn qua ab fecidn bnsntrns equã rafnlecns ube n`rabmema ecnr–.

Ke cuktdtum asteie àkdz. Kns uldaras tuvdarnb qua vefder sus pketdkkns tras vafas pere rafdidr tnmn ak mdbarn qua ke habta

mdn. Cås terma ab ke sacebe, Vpurhanb tnfö ke puarte ma Zeroar, y fuebmn Zeroar raspnbmdö, Vpurhanb mdln< ‛Veia, Ze roar,qua Qm. preftdfö ke hrefde fnbcdhn. Qm. bn ca mdn kn qua yn carafãe? ca mdn kn qua yn bafasdteie–.

Ke eftdtum kkabe ma hrefde mak pestnr Zeroar gnbrö e Mdns y macnströ e kns nisarvemnras ke raekdmem mak avebhakdn.Ak epöstnk Zeikn bns dbste e maler ma gefar fncperefdnbas y e masferter ke fncpatdfdöb. Ke fnnparefdöb y ke

fncpkacabtefdöb, ke fncpesdöb y ke pranfupefdöb, snb fereftarãstdfes ma ube dhkasde sekumeika.Ke ecerhure iknquae kes iabmdfdnbas ma Mdns. Ke abvdmde ferfnca buastrn abtusdescn pnr kes fnses mak radbn. Ke

mdvdsdöb mastruya buastrn makadta ab Lasüs. Zarn ak parmöb eira kns febekas etesfemns mak fnrezöb. Bns prapere pere rafdidrkes ceynras iabmdfdnbas ma Lasüs.

¾Uuä as raekcabta ak parmöb> ¾Lustd`dfe ak parmöb ke fnbmufte ma ekhudab qua bns ge gafgn ub cek tarrdika> ¾Uuä pesesd ke parsnbe qua cebtabacns e mdstebfde bn carafa buastrn parmöb> ¾Uuä pese sd ase parsnbe bn astå errapabtdme>

Kns avebhakdns raspnbmab astes prahubtes. Frdstn tncö ke dbdfdetdve ek rafnbfdkderbns fnb äk. Vu parmöb bn mapabma mabuastrn errapabtdcdabtn. Äk bns parmnbö ebtas qua bns errapdbtdärecns e `db ma trearbns ak errapabtdcdabtn. Ke‛iabdhbdmem– ma Mdns bns ‛huãe ek errapabtdcdabtn– (Yncebns 9<=). Ab Frdstn, ùdcns rafnbfdkdemns fnb Mdns cdabtrestnmevãe ärecns pafemnras. Buastrn errapabtdcdabtn y fnbàsdöb bn fraeb ke rafnbfdkdefdöb? ke cuarta ma Frdstn ab ke fruzkn knhrö. Ase cuarta ab ke fruz bns rafnbfdkdö fnb Mdns eub ‛sdabmn abacdhns– (Yncebns 1<5:).

Ak parmöb as ekhn qua fraacns y sabtdcns, y ekhn qua gefacns. Mdns bns mdn ab ke parsnbe ma Lasufrdstn ak cnmakn. Äkbn bns parmnbe pnrqua sncns mdhbns. Efapter ak parmöb qua äk n`rafa hretudtecabta as kn qua bns gefa mdhbns. Bn sncnsparmnbemns pnrqua saecns lustns. Fuebmn Lasüs bns parmnbe kkahecns e sar lustns. Ab ubn ma kns peselas cåssnrprabmabtas ma ke Idikde, Zeikn masfrdia ke cehbdtum mak ecnr ma Mdns< ‛Ces ke pruaie ma qua Mdns bns ece as quaFrdstn, sdabmn bnsntrns tnmevãe pafemnras, curdö pnr bnsntrns– (Yncebns 1<7, IL).

Ab buastres beturekazes pafecdbnses ärecns gnstdkas gefde Mdns? parn äk tncö ke dbdfdetdve y bns rafnbfdkdö e sã cdscnpnr camdn ma ke cuarta ma su Gdln. Vdabmn qua äk bns iusfö fuebmn bn kn geiãecns iusfemn e äk, maiarãecns iusfer entrns eub fuebmn akkns bn bns aståb iusfebmn. Vdabmn qua äk bns parmnbö fuebmn bn kn carafãecns, maiarãecns

parmnber e ntrns fuebtn bn kn carafab.Zarmnber e kes parsnbes bn lustd`dfe su fnbmufte gefde bnsntrns. Vabfdkkecabta sdhbd`dfe qua pnr fuebtn Frdstn bn bns

fnbmabö, bnsntrns bn kns fnbmabecns. Znmacns sar rafnbfdkdemns fnb equakkns qua bns geb gafgn cek pnrqua Frdstn bnsrafnbfdkdö fnbsdhn fuebmn bnsntrns ka aståiecns gefdabmn cek e äk. Znmacns parmnber pnrqua sncns parmnbemns.Znmacns ecer pnrqua sncns ecemns. Ak parmöb as ube akaffdöb. Znmacns akahdr parmnber e paser ma kes effdnbas n keseftdtumas ma kes ntres parsnbes gefde bnsntrns. Asta as ak varmemarn aspãrdtu ma Lasüs.

As fdartn qua bn pnmacns rafdidr kes iabmdfdnbas mak parmöb geste qua fnbàsacns buastrns pafemns. Zarn astn bnsdhbd`dfe qua buastre fnbàsdöb frae ak parmöb ab ak fnrezöb ma Mdns. Ak parmöb asteie ab su fnrezöb tnmn ak tdacpn.Buastre fnbàsdöb bns parcdta rafdidr asa parmöb (5 Lueb 5<4). Ke fnbàsdöb as vdtekcabta dcpnrtebta bn pnrqua fecide keeftdtum ma Mdns gefde bnsntrns, sdbn pnrqua fecide buastre eftdtum gefde äk. Fuebmn famacns ek pnmar fnbvdbfabta makAspãrdtu Vebtn y bns errapabtdcns y fnbàsecns buastrns pafemns, sncns trebs`nrcemns.

Maler ma parmnber e ekhudab qua bns ge gardmn bns kestdce cås e bnsntrns qua e ke ntre parsnbe, eub sd ase parsnbe bn

carafa buastrn parmöb. Vd ragüses parmnber, astås epdkebmn cås mnknr abfdce mak mnknr ma ke gardme qua rafdidsta. Znfnmaspuäs ma ke Vahubme Huarre Cubmdek, Fnrrda ]ab Innc, qua geiãe su`rdmn kns gnrrnras ma ub fecpn ma fnbfabtrefdöbbezd, vdeleie pnr Ekacebde pramdfebmn ub cabsela ma parmöb. Fnrrda gdzn aste ehume nisarvefdöb< ke habta qua pumnparmnber ùa fepez ma sahudr fnb sus vdmes y seber kes gardmes qua geiãeb su`rdmn. Kns qua bn parmnbernb, quamernbabfarremns ab ak pesemn y fnbmabemns pnr akkn. Ke mafdsdöb ma parmnber gdzn tnme ke mdàrabfde.

Mak rabfnr e ke rasteurefdöbAb Cetan fepãtukn 57, Lasüs mafkere< ‛Vd tu garcebn pafe fnbtre td, va y rapräbmaka astebmn tü y äk snkns– (Cetan

57<51). Ke dbtabfdöb ma Lasüs as qua cebtabhecns ak fnb`kdftn ab ub fãrfukn teb paquaõn fncn sae pnsdika. Äk qudara quakes mns parsnbes dbvnkufremes rasuakveb ak prnikace akkes cdsces. Ke habta e cabumn sa pnba cufgn cås maàbsdve

fuebmn sdabta qua ntres parsnbes kn aståb mabdhrebmn ab püikdfn, parn sa frae ub fkdce ma rafnbfdkdefdöb fuebmn knsfrdstdebns sa asùarzeb pnr rasnkvar sus mdàrabfdes prdvemecabta ab ak aspãrdtu mak ecnr frdstdebn y ke cutue fncprabsdöb.Abtnbfas, ke etcösàre as eprnpdeme pere qua ak Aspãrdtu Vebtn treiela fnb akkns pere rasnkvar sus mdàrabfdes.

Akabe ma Xgdta bns me aste mdvdbe vdskucira< ‛Fnb aspãrdtu ma cebsamucira, ‗fnbsdmaråbmnta e td cdscn, pnrqua tü bnsaes tecidäb tabtemn— (Håketes 0<5), va ek qua yarre, y ‗ramerhüyaka abtra td y äk snkn—. Bn ka evarhûabfas axpnbdabmn suèkte e ntrns, bd masgnbras e Frdstn gefdabmn püikdfn ak pafemn n arrnr ma qudab kkave su bncira– (Ak Masaemn ma tnmes kes



habtas, p. =:7). Fuebmn tretecns fnb fnb`kdftns, ak ecebta y parmnbemnr aspãrdtu ma Lasüs gefa tnme ke mdàrabfde. Ab akaspãrdtu ma Lasüs, fncperta kes ferhes y pranfupefdnbas ma tu fnrezöb. Vd ges gardmn e tu garcebn, pdma parmöb. Nrab lubtns, prnfurebmn ecersa ak ubn ek ntrn.

Gey nfesdnbas fuebmn kes epakefdnbas parsnbekas pere rasnkvar ak fnb`kdftn snb dbaàftdves. Ab astns fesns, Lasüs bnsdbvdte e tncer ntres mns n tek vaz tras parsnbes fnb bnsntrns. Maiarãeb dr fnb ube eftdtum ma ecnr frdstdebn y fncpesdöbfncn fnbsalarns y fncpeõarns ma nrefdöb.

Maiarãecns mer asta sahubmn pesn ab ak prnfasn ma ke rafnbfdkdefdöb snkn maspuäs ma geiar memn ak prdcarn. Vd bngacns dmn ek nàbsnr dbmdvdmuekcabta a dbtabtemn treter ak prnikace, bn maiarãecns dbtabter rasnkvarkn ab ub ecidabtama hrupn. Fuebmn cås parsnbes aståb dbvnkufremes ab ub prnikace, ceynr as ke tabtefdöb ma tncer pertdmn y pnbarsa

maàbsdvns. Lasüs tuvn ke dbtabfdöb qua ak prnfasn qua suhdrdö raübe e ke habta, bn kns sapera cås tnmevãe. Uudara qua sarasteurab kes rakefdnbas, bn macnstrer qudäb tdaba rezöb.

Nfesdnbekcabta, tnmns kns dbtabtns ma rasnkvar ak prnikace èkkeb. Ab asa fesn, Lasüs bns dbstruyö e kkaver ak prnikaceebta ke dhkasde. Bn qudara qua sa dbtarrucpe ak fuktn ma emnrefdöb mak såiemn ma ceõebe fnb fnb`kdftns parsnbekas. Ke lubte ma ke dhkasde as ub `nrn eprnpdemn pere treter ak prnikace qua kns mns prdcarns pesns bn rasnkvdarnb. Ma buavn, akprnpösdtn ma Frdstn as ke rafnbfdkdefdöb. Bn as afger ke fukpe e ube parsnbe y axnbarer e ke ntre. Vahudr kes dbstruffdnbas maFrdstn trearå ubdmem e su dhkasde. Ak ecnr hebe.

Ak eutnr y ceastrn Mr. Gnwerm Gabmrdfos fuabte ke gdstnrde ma ub lnvab qua sa epertö mak Vaõnr parn `dbekcabta ùatreãmn ma rahrasn pnr ke eyume ma ub ecdhn. Gabmrdfos ka prahubtö e asta frdstdebn föcn sa sdbtdö fuebmn asteie kalns makVaõnr.

Ak lnvab mdln qua ka perafdö fncn aster ab ak cer, ab ehues prnùbmes -hrebmas prnikaces- y tnmns sus ecdhns asteiebab ke nrdkke hrdtåbmnka efusefdnbas efarfe ma ke lustdfde, pabes y arrnras. ‛Zarn–, mdln äk, ‛geiãe ub garcebn frdstdebn quaraekcabta bemö geste mnbma yn asteie pere tncerca y bn snkterca. Tn pakaä fnb äk, parn äk pusn e ub kemn cd pakae, catncö, pusn ub sekvevdmes ekramamnr ma cã, y ca kkavö e ke nrdkke. Znr ke hrefde ma Mdns, äk ùa ke rezöb ma cd rasteurefdöb. Äkbn ca snktö–.

]ecpnfn bnsntrns tabacns qua snkter e ke habta y buastres rakefdnbas fnb akkes macesdemn `åfdk. Uua ke hrefde ma Mdnsbns gehe cabns frãtdfns y cås parmnbemnras. Uua bnsntrns ‖tü y buastres dhkasdes ‖ saecns acielemnras ma rafnbfdkdefdöbebtas qua ehabtas ma fnbmabefdöb.

FEZÃ]QKN 56

Ak raevdvecdabtn

prncatdmn<

ak fucpkdcdabtn

ma ke cdsdöbma Mdns

k mase`ãn ma kkaver ak cabsela mdvdbn ma kns üktdcns mães ek cubmn abtarn ab aste habarefdöb puamaperafar dcpnsdika.

Masma ke parspaftdve gucebe kns niståfukns snb `nrcdmeikas. Fnbsdmare kns abnrcas bücarns. Asfdartn, ke àkdhrasãe ma ke dhkasde Emvabtdste mak Väptdcn Mãe -cdacirns ieutdzemns y bdõns- sa astå efarfebmn ekns 91 cdkknbas. Zarn gey cås ma 8.::: cdkknbas ma parsnbes ab buastrn pkebate, y snkn 9.9:: cdkknbas ma akkns safnbsdmareb frdstdebns. Ke dhkasde astå frafdabmn råpdmecabta parn, kecabteikacabta, bn sa cebtdaba ek pesn fnbak frafdcdabtn ma ke pnikefdöb cubmdek, y gey bucarnses åraes mnbma ak bncira ‛emvabtdste mak säptdcn mãe–tnmevãe as masfnbnfdmn.

Astns bücarns hrevas bns pkebtaeb verdes prahubtes sardes. ¾Zuama sar pramdfemn ak avebhakdn e tnmn akcubmn ab aste habarefdöb> ¾Föcn sa tarcdberå ke nire ma Mdns ab ke ]darre> ¾Geirå ekhüb avabtn qua eprasu-

A



rerå mrecåtdfecabta ke prnfkecefdöb ma kns cabselas treãmns e ke ]darre pnr kns tras åbhakas mak Epnfekdpsds>Astes prahubtes puamab parturierbns, geste qua rafnrmecns qua eubqua Mdns bns ge memn ak prdvdkahdn ma

fnnparer fnb äk ab su nire, ab üktdce dbstebfde, ke cdsdöb as ma Mdns, y äk ke raekdzerå. Ak marrececdabtn makAspãrdtu Vebtn fnb pnmar ab ke kkuvde termãe as kn qua ̀ dbekcabta fnbfkudrå ke nire ma Mdns ab ke ]darre.

Ak pnmar prncatdmn

E ke hreb fncdsdöb ma Lasüs< ‛Dm... e tnmn ak cubmn– (var Cetan 97<57-9:), ke efncpeõe su hreb prncase. Vussahudmnras pramdfeb ak avebhakdn pnr su eutnrdmem y fnb su pnmar. Äk ge prncatdmn e su dhkasde qua fuebmn

kkavab ke cdsdöb äk asterå fnb akkns ‛tnmns kns mães, geste ak `db mak cubmn– (Cetan 97<9:). Ab ke vdme, cuarta yrasurraffdöb ma Lasüs, äk trdub`ö snira tnmes kes ùarzes mak cek, dbfkuyabmn tnmns kns cekns aspãrdtus, ùarzesmacnbãefes, abàrcamem y cuarta. Äk as ak ecn ma tnme sdtuefdöb.

Ak Avebhakdn ma Cetan cuastre qua Lasüs tdaba eutnrdmem snira kes ùarzes mak cek ab feme sdtuefdöb. Tetrdub`ö snira kes ùarzes mak db`darbn, y fuebmn sekdcns fnb à pere fncpertdr ak cabsela ma Lasüs fnb ntrns,vecns fnb su eutnrdmem y fnb su pnmar. Äk bns me seidmurãe, ùarzes y åbdcn. Akabe ma Xgdta mdfa qua fuebmn Lasüs kas mdn ke fncdsdöb e sus mdsfãpukns, ‛prnvayö ecpkdecabta pere ke prnsafufdöb ma ke nire y tncö snira sãke raspnbseidkdmem ma su äxdtn. Cdabtres akkns niamafdasab su pekeire y treielesab ab rakefdöb fnb äk, bn pnmrãeb`refeser– (Ak Masaemn ma tnmes kes habtas, p. 805).

Lnsä y Vnbde, mns parsnbes sabfdkkes, fraãeb qua ak Aspãrdtu Vebtn kas merãe pnmar pere tastd`dfer pnr Lasüs epaser ma sus kdcdtefdnbas. Bn perafãeb sar kns calnras febmdmetns pere fncpertdr ke Zekeire ma Mdns fnb ntrns.

Bn tabãeb kes fuekdmemas habarekcabta bafaserdes pere sar tastdhns aàftdvns. Vdb acierhn, tabãeb ke fuekdmemcås dcpnrtebta< fnreznbas abtrahemns e Mdns y kkabns mak Aspãrdtu Vebtn. Lnsä vdvãe ab ube paquaõe fncubdmem rurek. Geiãe frafdmn sdb kes vabteles ma ube amufefdöb `nrcek. Eub

sdabmn emuktn, bn seiãe kaar bd asfrdidr. Zarn sus gdlns seiãeb, ma cnmn qua kas pamãe qua ka kayareb ke Idikde. Maaste cebare, cacnrdzö fabtaberas ma taxtns iãikdfns.

Qb mãe, ak Aspãrdtu Vebtn kn dcprasdnbö pere qua fncpertdasa su à fnb ntres parsnbes. Esã qua fncabzö evdsdter e ntres ècdkdes ma su fncubdmem fnb su Idikde ab ke cebn. Kas mafãe e kes parsnbes fnb qudabas saabfnbtreie qua äk bn seiãe kaar, y kas pamãe qua ka kayareb ub pesela ma ke Idikde. E kns qua efapteieb kaarka, knshudeie e taxtns snira taces tekas fncn ke sekvefdöb, ke sahubme vabdme ma Frdstn y ak såiemn. Lnsä vdsdteie e astesparsnbes feme sacebe, y fnb ak tdacpn, cufgns ma sus kaftnras astuvdarnb mdspuastns e astumder y cås, y`dbekcabta sa ieutdzernb.

Vnbde as fdahe, parn tdaba ube vdsdöb aspdrdtuek raek. Qbe ecdhe are su huãe, y akke fecdbeie pnr kes fekkas ma kefdumem ab ak sur ma ke Dbmde mnbma akke vdvãe, hnkpaeie kes puartes ma ube parsnbe tres ntre, y kas prahubteie sdkas husterãe qua akke nrere pnr akkns. Znr camdn ma su cdbdstardn ma nrefdöb akke maserrnkkö vadbtabes ma ecdhnsaspdrdtuekas, cufgns ma kns fuekas pdmdarnb astumdns iãikdfns y sa ieutdzernb.

Kes gdstnrdes ma Lnsä y ma Vnbde bns mdfab ube varmem atarbe< Mdns bn kkece e kns fepefdtemns? äk fepefdte e knsqua kkece. Äk use e qudabas aståb mdspuastns, kas ma pnmar, y kns abvãe pere tastd`dfer pnr äk. Ke hreb fncdsdöb qua Lasüs mdn bn as pere ubns pnfns akahdmns. As pere tnme ke dhkasde, pere feme cdacirn. Fuebmn Lasüs tabhe ubpuaikn tntekcabta fncprncatdmn fnb äk y mdspuastn e fncpertdr su ecnr y su varmem fnb kes parsnbes qua knsrnmaeb, äk marrecerå su Aspãrdtu Vebtn fnb ak pnmar ma ke kkuvde termãe pere ke tarcdbefdöb ma su nire.

Ke hreb fncdsdöb qua Lasüs bns mdn pdma qua veyecns e ‛tnmes kes befdnbas– (Cetan 97<54). Ak taxtn hrdahnmdfa tå ätgb, qua kdtarekcabta sdhbd`dfe ‛tnmns kns hrupns ätbdfns–, n ‛tnmns kns puaikns–. Lasüs fncdsdnbö e sudhkasde e prnfkecer ak avebhakdn ma su ecnr y varmem e feme parsnbe ab feme ekmae, puaikn, fdumem, astemn n

prnvdbfde, y peãs mak cubmn. Ke terae as hrebma, parn buastrn Mdns as cås hrebma. Lasüs prncatdö e sus mdsfãpukns< ‛Tn abvderä ke prncase ma cd Zemra–, y akkns rafdidrãeb ‛pnmar masma kn ektn–

(Kufes 9=<=4). Gafgns kn gefa cuy axpkãfdtn< ‛Yafdidräds pnmar, fuebmn geye vabdmn snira vnsntrns ak AspãrdtuVebtn, y ca saräds tastdhns ab Larusekäb, ab tnme Lumae, ab Vecerde, y geste kn üktdcn ma ke ]darre– (Gafgns 5<7).

Bn dcpnrte fuåb eperabtacabta md`ãfdk sae ke sdtuefdöb, kes prncases ma Mdns snb sahures. Ke prnfkecefdöbmak avebhakdn ek cubmn abtarn ab aste habarefdöb puama perafar dcpnsdika, parn ak pnmar ma Mdns vabfarå tnmnniståfukn. Ak pnmar mak db`darbn sarå marrntemn. Ebtas mak ratnrbn ma buastrn Vaõnr, feme parsnbe snira akpkebate ]darre tabmrå ube npnrtubdmem reznbeika pere asfufger y fncprabmar ak cabsela ma ecnr y varmem maMdns.

Qbe prncase qua eierfe tnmn

Ke gdstnrde rahdstreme ab ak kdirn ma kns Gafgns bn as ke ma ubes pnfes parsnbes edskemes equã y ekkã quarafdidarnb ak marrececdabtn mak Aspãrdtu Vebtn. As ke gdstnrde ma ke dhkasde abtare qua rafdidö ak pnmarnsnmarrececdabtn mak Aspãrdtu. ]nme ke dhkasde nrö. ]nme ke dhkasde fnbàsö. ]nme ke dhkasde sa errapdbtdö. ]nme kedhkasde sa fncprncatdö fnb ke cdsdöb. ]nme ke dhkasde iusfö sar kkabe fnb ak Aspãrdtu Vebtn. T Mdns raspnbmdö, ytnme ke dhkasde eirdö su fnrezöb e aste iabmdfdöb ma Mdns. Yapesacns ube vaz cås ke raubdöb ma nrefdöb mak



epnsabtn ektn.‛]nmns ästns parsavareieb ubåbdcas ab nrefdöb y ruahn, fnb kes cularas y fnb Cerãe ke cemra ma Lasüs–

(Gafgns 5<5=). Kns fdabtn vadbta frayabtas qua fncprabmãeb ke befdabta dhkasde iusfernb àrvdabtacabta e Mdnsab nrefdöb (Gafgns 5<51). Nrernb pnr ak marrececdabtn prncatdmn mak Aspãrdtu Vebtn. Yafnbnfdarnb sudbfepefdmem pere ekfebzer ak cubmn fnb ke gdstnrde mak Vaõnr rasufdtemn. T cdabtres nreieb, fnbàsebmn suspafemns a dcpknrebmn ak pnmar ma Mdns pere prnfkecer su hrefde, kes fncpuartes mak Fdakn sa eirdarnb, y kekkuvde mak Aspãrdtu feyö snira akkns. Kufes masfrdidö ke asfabe ma ke sdhudabta cebare< ‗T ùarnb tnmns kkabns makAspãrdtu Vebtn, y fncabzernb e geiker ab ntres kabhues, sahüb ak Aspãrdtu kas meie qua geikesab– (Gafgns 9<=? kefursdve ̀ ua eõemdme).

Bnte qua ak taxtn mdfa< ‛@uarnb tnmns kkabns mak Aspãrdtu Vebtn–. ¾Uudäbas areb ‛tnmns– kns qua ùarnb kkabns>Ke pekeire bn qudara mafdr snkn tnmns kns epöstnkas. Vdhbd`dfe qua ùarnb tnmns kns qua asteieb ab ak epnsabtnektn, kns 59: frayabtas.

Zamrn rafnbnfdö qua kn qua sufamdö ab ak epnsabtn ektn are ak fucpkdcdabtn ma ube prnàfãe mak kdirn ma Lnak,ab ak Ebtdhun ]astecabtn. Fuebmn axpkdfö kn qua sufamãe, fdtö ase prnàfãe< ‛T ab kns pnstrarns mães, md fa Mdns,marrecerä ma cd Aspãrdtu snira tnme ferba, y vuastrns gdlns y vuastres gdles prnàtdzeråb? vuastrns lövabas varåbvdsdnbas, y vuastrns ebfdebns snõeråb suaõns? y ma fdartn snira cds sdarvns y snira cds sdarves ab equakkns mãesmarrecerä ma cd Aspãrdtu, y prnàtdzeråb– (Gafgns 9<58, 57).

Mdns bn praste etabfdöb ek saxn< ak Aspãrdtu Vebtn ùa marrecemn sdb camdme e gnciras y cularas pnr dhuek.Mdns bn praste etabfdöb e ke amem< ak Aspãrdtu Vebtn ùa marrecemn sdb camdme snira lövabas y ebfdebns pnrdhuek. Mdns bn praste etabfdöb e ke fnbmdfdöb snfdek< Ak Aspãrdtu Vebtn ùa marrecemn sdb camdme snira kns sdarvns

mncästdfns, kns treielemnras fncubas, kns rdfns y kns ̀ erdsans pnr dhuek.Asa marrececdabtn mak Aspãrdtu Vebtn tuvn ub aàftn mrecåtdfn< ¡tras cdk ùarnb ieutdzemns ab ub snkn mãe!Mdns gdzn kn qua asns frayabtas mak sdhkn prdcarn bubfe snõernb pnsdika. Fuebmn sa masparternb ke ceõebe maZabtafnstäs, areb ub hrupn ma frayabtas qua kufgeieb. Fuebmn sa ùarnb e ke fece ase bnfga, areb ube ùarzedcpnrtebta. T equã gey iuabes bntdfdes pere ak puaikn ma Mdns ma gny< ‛Astes asfabes geb ma rapatdrsa, y fnbceynr pnmar. Ak masfabsn mak Aspãrdtu Vebtn ab ak mãe ma Zabtafnstäs ùa ke prdcare kkuvde, parn ke üktdce kkuvdesarå cås eiubmebta– (Zekeires ma vdme mak hreb Ceastrn, p. 49). ‛Ak trebsfursn mak tdacpn bn ge fecidemn ab bemeke prncase ma maspamdme ma Frdstn ma abvder ak Aspãrdtu Vebtn fncn su raprasabtebta. Bn as pnr feuse ma ekhuberastrdffdöb ma perta ma Mdns pnr kn qua kes rdquazes ma su hrefde bn `kuyab e kns gnciras snira ke ]darre. Vd keprncase bn sa fucpka fncn sa aspare, sa maia e qua bn sa ke eprafde pkabecabta. Vd tnmns kn qudsdareb, tnmns sarãeb kkabns mak Aspãrdtu– (Kns gafgns ma kns epöstnkas, p. =5? ke fursdve ùa eõemdme).

E kn kerhn ma kns tdacpns mak Ebtdhun ]astecabtn, Mdns marrecö su Aspãrdtu Vebtn snira parsnbes, parn abZabtafnstäs, kn marrecö snira su dhkasde abtare. T fuebmn kns cdacirns ma ase dhkasde ùarnb kkabns mak Aspãrdtuma Mdns, ak cabsela mak avebhakdn qua kkaveieb fecidö ek cubmn.

Mdns ebgake gefar asn ntre vaz. Ebsde marrecer su Aspãrdtu snira gnciras y cularas, lövabas y ebfdebns, rdfnsy pniras, amufemns y bn amufemns. Ke prncase mak Aspãrdtu eierfe tnmn. As pere td, y as pere cã. As pere tufnbhrahefdöb y pere ak fuarpn cubmdek abtarn ma kns emvabtdstes mak säptdcn mãe. As buastre. Znmacnsrafkecerke gny. Lasüs ebgake kkaberbns fnb ak pnmar ma su Aspãrdtu Vebtn egnre cdscn.

¾Föcn pnmacns rafdidr ek Aspãrdtu Vebtn dbmdvdmuekcabta> ¾T föcn puama tnme ke dhkasde rafdidr astapnmarnsn marrececdabtn>

Eubqua Mdns ge prncatdmn mer su Vebtn Aspãrdtu e su puaikn ma ke ]darre ab kns üktdcns mães, gey fnbmdfdnbasqua maiab fucpkdrsa. Mdns bn abvderå su Aspãrdtu sd bn astecns nrebmn pnr äk. Kufes mdfa qua ke dhkasde ab su mãe‛parsavareieb ubåbdcas ab nrefdöb y ruahn– (Gafgns 5<5=). Akabe ma Xgdta bnte< ‛Maiacns nrer teb

àrvdabtacabta pnr ak masfabsn mak Aspãrdtu Vebtn fncn nrernb kns mdsfãpukns ak mãe ma Zabtafnstäs– (‛Nur Ie ttkawdtg Avdk–, Yavdaw ebm Garekm, 91 ma ehnstn ma 5740). \eferães bns mdln< ‛Zamdm e Lagnvå kkuvde ab ke astefdöbtermãe– (\eferães 5:<5).

Lasüs bns me ak sdhudabta fnbsaln ebdcemnr< ‛Zuas sd vnsntrns, sdabmn cekns, seiäds mer iuabes måmdves evuastrns gdlns, ¾fuåbtn cås vuastrn Zemra fakastdek merå ak Aspãrdtu Vebtn e kns qua sa kn pdmeb>– (Kufes 55<56). TAkabe ma Xgdta efnbsalö< ‛Cds garcebns y garcebes, rnhem pnr ak Aspãrdtu Vebtn. Mdns raspekme feme prncasequa ge gafgn– (]astdcnbdns pere ke dhkasde, tncn 7, p. 6:).

Zesns gefde ak raevdvecdabtn aspdrdtuek

Ab ak fepãtukn 1, cabfdnbä ak raevdvecdabtn aspdrdtuek qua sefumdö Hekas ab 54:=. Ekhudab ka prahubtö e Aveb

Yniarts, ak lnvab pnr camdn mak fuek fncabzö ak masparter, fuåkas snb kns pesns qua ube parsnbe maia mer peredbdfder ub raevdvecdabtn tek. Äk mdln qua maiacns iusfer e Mdns y fnbàser tnmns kns pafemns fnbnfdmns, akdcdberfuekqudar fnse qua pumdare astnrier ke rakefdöb ma ke parsnbe fnb Lasüs, niamafar ek Aspãrdtu ab ak dbstebta y sdbrasarves, y fnbàser e Frdstn püikdfecabta.

Astns pesns raqudarab qua iusquacns e Mdns ab nrefdöb. Maiacns nrer feme mãe pnr ube buave ubfdöb makAspãrdtu Vebtn. Maiacns fnbsehrer feme fnse qua tabacns y sncns e Mdns. Maiacns asfufger kn qua ak Aspãrdtu



Vebtn bns mdfa pnr camdn ma ke Zekeire ma Mdns, y aster kdstns pere sahudrkn ma dbcamdetn. T maiacns fnbter entrns kn qua Mdns astå gefdabmn ab buastre vdme.

Bn maiacns vefdker ab geiker mak ecnr y ke hrefde ma Mdns e ke habta qua Mdns trea e buastre vdme. Ke pkabdtummak pnmar mak Aspãrdtu Vebtn sarå marreceme snkn snira upe dhkasde qua nre, sa fncprncata, astå ubdme y tastd`dfe.Ak aster fabtremn ab sã cdscn, ak nrhukkn y ke fncpatdfdöb kdcdteb kn qua Mdns puama gefar pnr buastrndbtarcamdn. Vu pnmar sarå kdiaremn fuebmn parcdtecns qua äk radba fnb supracefãe ab buastres vdmes. Vu pnmarsarå marrecemn fuebmn ka macns ke hknrde pnr fuekqudar fnse qua äk knhra pnr camdn ma bnsntrns. Vu pnmarvabmrå fuebmn ecacns e kns parmdmns fncn äk kns ece. Ak pnmar mak Aspãrdtu Vebtn fearå mak Fdakn fuebmn kesfnses qua bns dcpnrteb cås saeb kes fnses qua ka dcpnrteb cås e äk.

Kes kkuvdes tacprebe y termãe

]ebtn ak Ebtdhun fncn ak Buavn ]astecabtns useb ak ehue fncn ub sãcinkn mak Aspãrdtu Vebtn. Znr camdnmak prnàte Dseães, buastrn Vaõnr prncatdö< ‛Znrqua yn marrecerä ehues snira ak saquamek... cd Aspãrdtumarrecerä snira tu habarefdöb– (Dseães ==<6). Abfnbtrecns ak cdscn perekakdscn y sdcinkdscn ab ak kdirn ma Lnak.Mdns prncata raher kns fecpns ma Dsreak y kuahn mafkere< ‛T maspuäs ma astn marrecerä cd Aspãrdtu snira tnme ferba– (Lnak 9<96, 97). Lasüs tecidäb usö ak ehue pere raprasabter ak Aspãrdtu Vebtn. Lueb bns fuabte qua murebtake @daste ma kns ]eiarbåfukns, Lasüs abtrö ek tacpkn y prnfkecö< ‛Ak qua fraa ab cã, fncn mdfa ke Asfrdture, ma sudbtardnr fnrraråb rãns ma ehue vdve– (Lueb 8<67), y kuahn axpkdfe< ‛Astn mdln mak Aspãrdtu– (varsãfukn 64).

Kns ehrdfuktnras ab Dsreak fncabzeieb e erer sus fecpns y sacirer ke sacdkke e camdemns ma nftuira, pnfn

ebtas ma qua feyareb kes kkuvdes tacprebes. Astes kkuvdes parcdtãeb qua kes sacdkkes harcdbereb, y butrãeb suprdcar frafdcdabtn. Ke kkuvde termãe vabãe e `dbas ma ke prdcevare (gacdsàrdn bnrta, cerzn-eirdk). Eyumeieb ekfrafdcdabtn ̀ dbek mak hrebn.

Ke kkuvde tacprebe mak Aspãrdtu feyö snira kns mdsfãpukns ab Zabtafnstäs, dbdfdebmn ke dhkasde frdstdebe, y kekkuvde termãe fnrraspnbmdabta sarå marreceme snira ke dhkasde ma Mdns ek `dbek mak tdacpn, kkavebmn su nire e supkabe cemuraz. Fuebmn fedhe, ke dhkasde rafdidrå ak pnmar pere fncpkater ke cdsdöb ma Mdns snira ke ]darre. Znrcamdn mak marrececdabtn mak Aspãrdtu Vebtn fnb ak pnmar ma ke kkuvde termãe, ke ]darre sarå dkucdbeme pnr kehknrde ma Mdns.

Asta marrececdabtn sarå ke ceynr cebdàstefdöb mak pnmar mak Aspãrdtu ma Mdns masma ak Zabtafnstäs. Ke kuzma ke Zekeire ma Mdns pabatrerå ab kns rdbfnbas cås nsfurns ma aste ]darre. Vu ecnr sa ravakerå ab su puaikn,cnstrebmn ek cubmn qua aspare y e ub ubdvarsn qua nisarve qua ke hrefde ma Mdns as su`dfdabta pere vabfartnmns kns pnmaras mak cek. Fuebmn ak pnmar ma Mdns npara ab kes vdmes ma su puaikn, su cabsela trdubèrå y Lasüsvabmrå (Cetan 9=<5=).

Bn sa raquardrå cabns qua ak pnmar ma ke kkuvde termãe pere qua ke dhkasde fncpkata ke cdsdöb ma Mdns ab ke]darre, y Mdns bn n`rafa beme cabns qua asa pnmar. Mdns bns me ube prnvdsdöb db`dbdte mak mnb cås prafdnsn makFdakn pere fepefdter qua su dhkasde raekdfa ke terae cås urhabta a dcpnrtebta ekhube vaz fnb`deme e kns sarasgucebns.

Ak `db ma ke hreb fnbtrnvarsde

Ak Epnfekdpsds, ak üktdcn kdirn ma ke Idikde, rahdstre ak cabsela `dbek ma Mdns e ub pkebate ab hrebmasprnikaces. Ak üktdcn kkecemn ma Mdns astå kkabn ma asparebze. Ak cabsela ma tnmn ak kdirn mak Epnfekdpsds puamarasucdrsa ab fuetrn pekeires< Lasüs hebe? Vetebås pdarma. ]nme ke gdstnrde astå evebzebmn e ke fukcdbefdöb

hknrdnse< ke vabdme ma Lasüs. Ak rahraserå e ke ]darre fncn Yay ma rayas y Vaõnr ma saõnras.Aste as ube iuabe bntdfde. Ma gafgn, as ke bntdfde cås dbfraãika ab tnmn ak ubdvarsn. Ak cdscn Lasüs qua ùa eke fruz pere marrnter e Vetebås, vabmrå ntre vaz y trdubèrå snira kns pnmaras mak db`darbn pere kdqudmerfncpkatecabta ak cek. (Par Epnfekdpsds 54<54-95? Azaqudak 97<57, 54.) Ak cek bn tabmrå ke üktdce pekeire. Kepniraze y ke pastdkabfde bn tabmråb ke üktdce pekeire. Ke abàrcamem y ak su`rdcdabtn bn tabmråb ke üktdcepekeire. Ak fens y ak frdcab bn tabmråb ke üktdce pekeire. Kes mnkabfdes y ke cuarta bn tabmråb ke üktdce pekeire.Mdns tabmrå ke üktdce pekeire. Äk asfrdidrå ak fepãtukn ̀ dbek ma ke fnbtrnvarsde abtra ak idab y ak cek.

¾Znr quä tnmevãe bn kn ge gafgn> Znrqua Mdns ebgake sekver e kes parsnbes parmdmes. Vu fnrezöb ma ecnrdb`dbdtn bn puama snpnrter ak pabsecdabtn ma qua ube parsnbe sa pdarme. Ak Zemra, ak Gdln y ak Aspãrdtu Vebtnaståb gefdabmn ubdmns tnmn kn qua sae pnsdika pere ekfebzer e tnme parsnbe pnsdika.

Zrnbtn ke frdsds `dbek fearå snira asta cubmn. Zrnbtn Lasüs marrecerå su Aspãrdtu fnb ak pnmar ma ke kkuvdetermãe y ke nire ma Mdns ab ke ]darre sa tarcdberå. Zrnbtn ‛vabmråb sdarvns ma Mdns fnb sacikebtas dkucdbemns yraspkebmafdabtas ma sebte fnbsehrefdöb, y sa eprasureråb ma kuher ab kuher pere prnfkecer ak cabsela fakastdek.Cdkas ma vnfas pramdferåb ak cabsela pnr tnme ke ]darre. Va raekdzeråb cdkehrns, kns abàrcns seberåb y sdhbns yprnmdhdns sahudråb e kns frayabtas– (Ak fnb`kdftn ma kns sdhkns, p. 08:).

Zrnbtn vabmrå Lasüs. Zrnbtn ak Fdakn y ke ]darre sa rahnfdleråb. Fncn tnmn astn nfurrdrå prnbtn, bn gey bemecås dcpnrtebta qua buastre axpardabfde ma ub raevdvecdabtn ma ke hrefde ma Mdns ab buastrns fnreznbas feme



mãe, y qua dbvdtacns qua su Aspãrdtu Vebtn bns ra`nrca e su dcehab (5 Lueb 6<5-6).¾Eirdrås tu fnrezöb e Lasüs egnre cdscn, y ka pamdrås qua gehe ube nire prn`ubme ma hrefde ab tu vdme>

¾Yabnverås tu fncprncdsn ma nrer, astumder ke Idikde y tastd`dfer> ¾Yabmdrås tnmn kn qua geye ab tu vdme qua akAspãrdtu Vebtn ta saõeka pnr bn aster ab ercnbãe fnb ke vnkubtem ma Mdns> Lubtns gehecns asta fncprncdsnegnre cdscn.

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Reavivamiento y Reforma - Mark Finley

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