Vermelding onderdeel organisatie
April 8, 2023 1
Met hout in de hoogte!
Jan-Willem van de Kuilen
Congres Bouwmaterialen en Innovatie
31-10-2013 TU Delft
Met hout de hoogte in!
100 m
Roller CoasterAmusement Park, Heide-Park Soltau,
Germany Height 52 m, length ca.1300 m, 120 km/h
Timber Wind Turbine TowerHannover Marienwerder/Germany 2012100m height, 100t weight, 1.5 MW, supplies 1000 households with electricity
52 m
Met hout in de hoogte!
PyramidenkogelOostenrijk
April 8, 2023 3
77 meter
Toenemend materiaalgebruik….
April 8, 2023 4
1 ton 5 ton 35 tonVoedsel,Wapens,
Bescherming
Voedsel,Gebouwen
Gereedschap
Voedsel, Gebouwen, Auto´s, Computers,
Gereedschap
Industriele revolutie
2013: Alles is cradle to cradle….
• Staal• Beton• VVK• Hout• Aluminium
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2013: Alles is cradle to cradle….
April 8, 2023 6
• Bron:Cobouw
Maar met hout heeft u de laagste milieubelasting!
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April 8, 2023
Dus met hout in de hoogte!
5-laags HSB, Delft, Ecoduswijk, 1992
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Meerverdiepingbouw
XLAM / CLTHSB
Cross Laminated Timber
Sterkte, stijfheid en flexibiliteit≈25 fabrikanten in Europa
XLAM – Elements:
Plate action
Loads:
Plate bending
Shear action
Walls and floors Stairs
Contacts in XLAM
Wall-Foundation
Floor-Floor
Wall-Wall
Wall-Floor
Aansluitingen
Bouwsnelheid….2 dagen
6 dagen
4 dagen
10 dagen
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April 8, 2023
Simpele standaard verbindingsmiddelen
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April 8, 2023
Murray Grove – KLH
Apartment building in London9 storeys
4 apartments / storeycrosslam elevator shaft
17 weeks time saving during construction
Limnologen, Sweden8 Storey CLT
17July, 2013
Limnologen, SwedenFloor plan
• CLT Walls and floors• TF Internal walls• Tension bars for prestressing• Sprinkler system
18July, 2013
Limnologen, SwedenSprinkler system
Reduced requirements for:
•Combustible façade cladding up to eight storeys;•Surface linings in apartments in multi‐storey buildings, down to class D‐s1,d0;•Fire spread through windows in the same building;•Walking distance in escape routes.
19July, 2013
Lifecycle Tower, Dornbirn, Oostenrijk
Architect Herman KaufmannProf. Holzbau TU München
Bouwtijd 8 dagen
Houtdag 14 November!
Forte Building, Melbourne
April 8, 2023 21
• 10 verdiepingen• 32.2 meter hoog• 23 appartementen
Investor: A ton of steel produces 1,5 tons of carbon in the making. A ton of cement 1,125 tons. And they aren’t as interesting, as versatile, as expressive. A tree
produces oxygen, and absorbs 1,42 tons of carbon for every ton of timber grown.
Forte Building, Melbourne
April 8, 2023 22
• Investor: • …..A ton of steel produces 1,5 tons of carbon in the making.
A ton of cement 1,125 tons. And they aren’t as interesting, as versatile, as expressive. A tree produces oxygen, and absorbs 1,42 tons of carbon for every ton of timber grown…
• …. Commercially speaking, the biggest thing is speed. With it being pre-fabricated, all of the main penetrations were already taken care of, and fixing into timber is a lot easier than fixing into concrete, so for the electricians, plumbers, plasterers and others, it’s a lot easier job [working with a CLT structure] than working with concrete.
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April 8, 2023
Wood-concrete skyscrapers
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April 8, 2023
Skyscrapers
Outrigger concepts
Outrigger concepts
Outrigger function
• Providing stability to the core• Providing a lever arm for the global bending
moments• Providing a division between timber sections for
fire safety• Allowing for building services (equipment)• Shelter spaces in case of emergencies
Outrigger concept
©TU-E
Outrigger concept
©TU-E
Foundation
Concrete storey as outrigger
Roof
Wood-concrete skyscrapers
Dock tower (120 m)
32July, 2013
Typical Shanghai Building Lay-out
Integrated tension bars
Wall element
Floor element
Wall element
Tension bars
Results
• Sway: 1/770H with H is building height• Sway: shear/bending ratio ≈ 1 to 5• Compression stresses timber < 5 N/mm2
• Tension bars # 26, Ø 30 mm• Reduction of bars over the building height
40 Storeys is possible, also with a wood coreArchitects need to make their buildings
slightly more ´square´
Bouwproces
Bouwproces
Crane times
• One-third of hoisting time.• Building speed of 1 storey per day• Cheaper cranes (> 6000 USD per month)• Longer reach → Fewer cranes
Environmental impact
• Wood stores CO2
• 0.8 – 0.9 tons of CO2 per m3
• Savings in other materials 1.1 tons of CO2
• 26.300 m3 for a 40 storey building
• 50.000 tons of CO2 emissions can be avoided
• Eq. of 33000 car emissions/year.
En hoe zit het dan met brand?
Outlook: Big wood, Chicago
Michael Charters,
USA
Big Wood, Chicago
Tall wood, Vancouver, Michael Green
April 8, 2023 47
Skidmore, Owens Merrill
April 8, 2023 48
Stockholm, SwedenMoller, Dinell Johansson
April 8, 2023 49
Il bosco verticale
April 8, 2023 50
Boeri, Milano
If trees can grow 100 metres high, why not wooden buildings?
…and wood is best compatible with the environment…
April 8, 2023 51
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