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    ““PIONEER OF MODERNPIONEER OF MODERN

    ARCHITECTURE”ARCHITECTURE”

    (1887-1965)

    Le Corbusier

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    Le Corbusier

    Charles-Édouard Jeanneret-Gris aka LeCorbusier was aSwiss-born Frencharchitect.

    1907 – worked underu!uste "errete at

    "aris. 190# – studied

    architecture at

    $ienna.

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    191# – 19** -de+elo)ed "urist)aintin! with,enant.

    "artnerin! with hiscousin/ the (ade aseries o +illas.

    e +iewed house as 2a(achine or li+in! in3.

    %el+ed into cit

    )lannin! and desi!ned

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    4echanical analo!Lin!uistic analo!Fi+e )oints o rchitecture

    se o pilotis i.e. reinorcedconcrete stilts

    Free a8ade,)en oor )lan

    Lon! horiontal ribbonwindows

    :oo arden

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    UN

    Headquartersrchitects ;

    Le Corbusier,scar

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    Golden :atio

    sse(bl all

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    Chandi!arh

    erial

    $iew

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    Le Corbusier atte()ted torealie his urban )lannin!sche(es on a s(all scale

    b constructin! a series o=unit>s= around France.

     ?he (ost a(ous o thesewas the nit> d@abitation

    o 4arseilles A19B5–196*.

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       K  e  y

       F  e  a

       t  u  r  e  s

    Stron! pilotis creatin! circulations)ace beneath

    &indow ro( outside

    &indow ro( inside

    , the 5 units built/ the onein Eerlin has sui !enerischaracteristics/ since Le

    Corbusier had to ada)t thedesi!n o the buildin! to

    theGer(an (odulated re!ulat

    or reuire(entsHowever, only 5 residential unitswere built around the world. The

    most famous of the units is that of

    Marseilles, in France, called

    theCit é Radieuse or Radiant City(1!5". #thers are located in

    $antes%Re&> (15'", erlin(15)", riey%en%For*t (15+" and

    Firminy (1)".

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    -+olu(es areessentiall

    elon!ated boHes/su))orted on )ilotisin order to achie+e

    better s)atialinte!ration with its

    )edestrianen+iron(ent.

    -  terrace used as a!arden to

    co()ensateoccu)ied area to

    nature-Le Corbusier@s

    )ro)osal or Eerlinincludes 6I0nit> Erie-en-Fort.

    http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_svAyYhspKJw/S8GYoeJl14I/AAAAAAAAFGY/kLBhlbOVACQ/s1600/corbusier-habitation-briey-en-foret-1956.jpg

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    the ho(es are du)leH/ that is to sa/ a two-stora)art(ent/ and ha+e internal stairs/ enKoin!

    (ore s)aciousness

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    Sna)shots

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    ori!inala)art(ents/ eH)ressin

    !

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    he intended to eH)ress the indi+idualit oeach de)art(ent throu!h series o color

    tones a))lied in the lar!e white can+as whichis the buildin!@s acade.

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    Nôtre Dame du Haut

    :oncha()/France

    omle2 is comosed of several elements, leaded by the chael, the eslanade,

    the residence of the mon3s, a memorial yramid and bell tower. chael is located eccentrically on to of the hill and is oriented east%west, nearly

    erendicular to the access ath. 

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    The south facade 

    austerit its o)enness to the co((unit and its

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    austerit/ its o)enness to the co((unit and itsconce)tion as a contrastin! ele(ent in the landsca)e.

    - ?he cha)el owes its sha)e to its relationshi) to thelandsca)e. ach o the acades res)onds to dierent

    attitudes; welco(e/ celebration/ ser+ice/ s(bolis(.-. ?he roo scul)tural character dra(aties the )ower and(alleabilit o the concrete to co()ose or!anic +olu(es.-. ll these ele(ents co(e to!ether to create a (stical

    and dra(atic interior s)ace in which li!ht is the)rota!onist.- ?he conca+e wall welco(es +isitors ascendin! ro( the)ath. 'ts broad-based trian!ular section see(s to be a

    continuation o the hill/ risin! to su))ort the roo.- ?he southern wall is uite wide in the +icinit o the

    entrance AI.7 ( but it narrows and !ets hi!her at theother end A1.7 (.

    - ?he wall thickness is e+idenced b the rando( )attern o

    rectan!ular windows o dierent sie and orientation/

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    -entrance is anked b +ertical se(i-clindrical ele(ent/ one o the three

    cha)els under the three (inor cha)els

    included in the church.-access is stressed b chan!in! its colorto concrete and se)aratin! it ro( the

    white wall and cur+e.

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    -The wall is erforated by tiny

    s4uare fenestrations and there is a

    lass bo2 which 3ees a statue of the6irin Mary.

    Nort !a"ade 

    -Facin! a lar!e concourse othe )il!ri(s/ east conca+e

    a8ade houses as(all eHternal cha)el.

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    #$%t

    To&er

    D$'used#$%tshae of the windows in the thic3 wall, is cut obli4uely

    and widen, allowin the liht to ently fade inside. 

    , the east wall, where thealtar is laced, has small

    windows which from the

    inside loo3 li3e stars. The

    ede of the walls is

    demarcated by a line ofliht, searatin them from 

    the roof.

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    $orth facades has ' chaels flan3in

    the secondary access7 both

    are symmetrically arraned around thea2is of the door. However, their curved

    shae invite to access to the interior.

    8est facades has semi%cylindrical

    towers with lateral incisions. Their

    verticality is a counteroint to the

    hori&ontality of the buildin. 

    9n the center of the wall is located a

    aroyle, the visible art of the roof,

    which collects rain water and drain it to

    a concrete fountain sculture

    underneath. 

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    A(stra"tFou)ta$)

    "Above the drawing board I have the

    shell of a crab collected in Long Island

    near New York. It will be the roof of the

    chapel: two laers of concrete ! c

    thick and separations of #.#$ . %heshell will be sustained on recovered

    stone walls. "  

    "%he shell has been placed on

    the walls that are absurdl but

     practicall thick. Inside the

    however are reinforcedconcrete coluns. %he shell will

    rest in these coluns but it will

    not touch the wall. A hori&ontal

    crack of light '( c wide will

    aa&e."   Le Corbusier.

    ROOF 

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    *$++a Sa+oe

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    #o"at$o), "oiss/ France

    Date, 19*# to 19*9

    Co)stru"t$o) -ystem,:einorced Concrete and)lastered unit (asonr

    C+$mate,  ?e()erate

    -ty+e, 4odern

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    M?he reinorced concrete !i+es us the )ilotis.  ?he house is u) in the air/ ar ro( the

    !round; the !arden runs under the house...N

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     @?he colu(ns set back ro(the acades/ inside thehouse. ?he oor continuescantile+ered. ?he acades

    are no lon!er anthin! butli!ht skins o insulatin! wallsor windows.  ?he acade isree.@ 

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    @ntil now; load-bearin! wallsO P. or(in! the!round oor and the u))er stories/ u) to theea+es. ?he laout is a sla+e to the su))ortin!

    walls. :einorced concrete in the houseN

    @?h i d i

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     @?he window is oneo the essentialeatures o thehouse. :einorcedconcrete )ro+ides are+olution in thehistor o thewindow. &indows 

    can run ro( oneend o the acadeto the other.@

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     @...the !arden is also o+er the house/ on theroo...N

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    .rou)d F+oorP+a)

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    F$rst F+oorP+a)

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    -e"t$o) Dra&$)%

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    Ram/ a)d -ta$rs

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    I)ter$or*$e&s

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    THE SECRETARIAT 

    -'t consists o L-sha)edblock/ ra(ed b aconcrete co+er thatunctions as a lar!e

    u(brella that unolds

    !raceull in the sha)e oarches .

    -Le Corbusier used to sathat both the sun and therain are co()onents othe architecture/ and

    thereore a))lied hisconce)t o brise-soleil.

    -Eoth ront and rear acades ares)atiall linked throu!h a )ortico or(ed b

    three lar!e )ainted concrete colu(ns .

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    :etail of the facade of the Court,

    showin different rid comositions.

    :etail of the concrete arasol and its

    encounter with the lates.

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    -buildin contains ; hih courts, sureme cour searated by lates .-courts are saces of ; < ; < 1' meters, in which =e Corbusier alied

    another of his well%3nown rinciles, the modulation system 3nown as modulor 

     . -:etail the erforations in the rams forimressive view of entire caitol comle2 

    -,n the roo/ LeCorbusier de+ised a set

    o outdoor terraces/which unortunateltoda are used as

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    4ain acade o the Secretariat.

    -the other endo the Ca)itol/

    theSecretariat  is alon!/ #-stor/*B6 ( lon!and B* hi!h

    block.

    -9n contrast to the

    liht rid of the

    facade, there is a

    massive sculturalelement, ierced

    by small windows,

    that houses a

    series of internal

    rams. 

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    The front rid is rotated

    :etail of the tower of the

    shadows. ehind the >ssemblybuildin 

    "it is possible to control the sunlight in the 4corners of a building, play with it even in ahot country and nally obtain lowte! eratures" 

    l th t f th

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    MONUMENT TO OPEN HAND09t is a lare rectanular

    bloc3 that reaches ?; m

    at its hihest oint.

      9nstead two leislative

    houses of curved forms

    are lin3ed by a foyer.

    ame volume on the terrace of the

     >ssembly 

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    "resented E;

    nchal ?ha)a1*510

    SahilGuleria1*511

    (it