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lg0f{o g+=*(%@lg0f{o g+=*(%@lg0f{o g+=*(%@lg0f{o g+=*(%@lg0f{o g+=*(%@

;jf]{Rr cbfnt, k"0f{ Ohnf;;DdfggLo k|wfg GofofwLz >L lvn/fh /]UdL

dfggLo GofofwLz >L sNof0f >]i7dfggLo GofofwLz >L k|sfz j:tL

k'=lg=g+= )^&–NF–)))@km};nf ldltM @)^(.(.!@.%

d'2fM n]gb]g hfn;fh .

lgj]bs jfbLM df ]/Ë lhNnf, lj/f6gu/pkdxfgu/kflnsf j8f g+= !$ a:g]sfzL/fd cu|jfnsf] d'=;= ug]{ b'uf{jtLcu|jfn v]l/of

lj?4ljkIfL k|ltjfbLM df]/Ë lhNnf, lj/f6gu/

pkdxfgu/kflnsf j8f g+= !& a:g]lu/L/fh sfsL{ ;d]t

o; cbfnt ;+o'Qm Ohnf;df km};nf ug]{M–df=Gof=>L rGb|k|;fb k/fh'nLdf=Gof=>L an/fd s]=;L=

§ kl5 ePsf lnvtx¿df cl3Nnf ]lnvtsf] Jojxf/nfO{ ;d]t v'nfO{ ;Dk"0f{lx;fa lstfa ldnfg ul/Psf] eGg] Joxf]/fkf/L sfuh ePkl5 cl3Nnf] lnvtsf]cl:tTj sfod} /lx/x]sf] dfGg plrt /sfg"g;+ut x'g g;Sg] .

-k|s/0f g+=%_

jfbLsf] tkm{af6M ljåfg clwjQmf >L dxfb]j kl08tk|ltjfbL tkm{af6M ljåfg jl/i7 clwjQmf zDe' yfkf

/ clwjQmf s[i0f yfkf

cjnlDat ghL/M;Da4 sfg"gM§ d'n'sL P]g, c+za08fsf] !* g+=§ ;fx" c;fdLsf] ! g+=

km};nfGof=sNof0f >]i7M o; cbfntsf] ldlt

@)^@.!.!@ sf] km};nfpk/ jfbL kIfaf6 k/]sf]lgj]bgdf Gofo k|zf;g P]g, @)$* sf] bkmf !!sf] pkbkmf -!_ sf] v08 -v_ adf]lhd k'g/fnf]sgu/L x]g]{ lg:;f k|bfg eO{ k]z ePsf] k|:t'td'2fsf] ;+lIfKt tYo / lg0f{o o; k|sf/ 5M–

ljkIfLx¿n] daf6 ?=(,%),))).–-gf}nfv krf; xhf/_ ¿k}ofF shf{ lnO{ @)$&;fn sflQs d;fGt;Dddf ;fFjf Jofh Psd'i6a'emfpg] efvf u/L ldlt @)$&.%.!% ut] skfnLtd;'s u/]sfdf efvfpk|fGt ljkIfLx¿nfO{ tfs]tfubf{ klg /sd ga'emfPsfn] n]gb]g Jojxf/sf] $g+=adf]lhd ;fFjf / el/e/fp x' Fbf;Ddsf]Jofh;d]t e/fO{ kfpFm eGg];d]t Joxf]/fsf] jfbLsf]lkm/fb kq .

xfdL / ljkIfLsf] 5f]/f uf]ljGb/fd;d]tn]@)$&.!.!* df ns8Lsf] ;fem]bf/ eO{ sfd ug{s/f/ u/]sf lyof}+ . uf]ljGb/fdn] xfdLnfO{lr/fgs6fg ug{ ;xof]usf nflu ?=^ nfv lbg]/ ;f] ¿k}ofF lbPafkt ns8L laqmL u/L?=!,%),))).– cfufdL $% lbgdf xfdLn] ljgfzt{ lbg], ?=^ nfv lbPafktdf uh]Gb|h+usfgfdsf] h=lj= *–!–* hUuf ;'/If0fafkt lwtf]/fVg] u/L df]/Ë dfnkf]t sfof{nodf ldlt@)$&.*.^ df b[li6aGws kf; u/]sf] / ldlt@)$&.(.!@ df ?=$,)),))).– r'Qmf u/L b[li6aGws a'jf uh]Gb|h+un] lgvGg' ePsf] xf] . of]sfuh ;DaGwdf ljkIfL df}g eO{ gfln; u/Lcfpg' ePklg uf]ljGb/fdn] @$)) kmL6 ;fv'lr/fg / $^( kmL6 s'sf7 lr/fg cfkm\gf]

g]kfn sfg"g klqsf, @)g]kfn sfg"g klqsf, @)g]kfn sfg"g klqsf, @)g]kfn sfg"g klqsf, @)g]kfn sfg"g klqsf, @)&), h]7&), h]7&), h]7&), h]7&), h]7

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sDkfp08 uf]bfddf / ̂ l6«k ns8L a}+sdf /x]sf]lr/fg sf7 ;d]t x'Fbf / Jojxf/ ldnfpg' eGbfgdfgL gfln; u/]sf] xf] . c=j+= !#( g+= adf]lhduh]Gb|h+unfO{ lemsfO{ a'emL em"7f bfjLaf6 km';{bkfpmF eGg] ;d]t k|ltpQ/kq .

@)$&.%.!% sf] ?=(,%),))) sf];Ssn sfuh x]/]F, b]v]F . To;sf] ldlt aGbdfk/]sf] ;lx5fk xfd|f x'g\ . ;f] ¿k}ofF xfdLn]ltg'{ a'emfpg afFsL 5}g . o;} nufpsf] d'2fnfO{k|df0f nufO{ kfpmF eGg];d]t k|ltjfbLsf] jf/];n]u/]sf] aofg .

k|ltjfbLx¿n] ns8Lsf] sf/f]af/ ug{d;Fu shf{ dfUbf @)$&.%.!% df ?=(,%),))).–shf{ lbO{ skfnL td;'s ul/lbPsf] xf] .ljkIfLx¿sf] egfO{ ab\lgotk"0f { ePsfn]bfjLadf]lhd ul/kfpFm eGg];d]t jfbLsf] jf/];n]u/]sf] aofg .

k|ltjfbLx¿n] d]/f] a'jfaf6 lnPsf] shf{kf6{g/;Lksf] nflu sfd ug{ lnPsf] eGg] Joxf]/fem "7f xf ] . em"7f aofgaf6 km';{b u/fO{k|ltjfbLx¿nfO{ g} ;hfo ul/kfpFm eGg];d]tJoxf]/fsf] hfn;fhtkm{ k|ltjfbL sfod ePsfuf]ljGb/fd cu|jfnsf] jf/];n] u/]sf] aofg .

jfbLaf6 lnPsf] /sddf ;xdlt ePkl5;f] sfuhn] jfbLnfO{ /sd lbg' gkg]{ eGg]b]vfpFb}g . bfjLadf]lhdsf] ;fFjf Jofh jfbLn]k|ltjfbLaf6 e/L kfpg] 7x5{ eGg] ;d]t Joxf]/fsf]df]/Ë lhNnf cbfntsf] ldlt @)%@.%.!% sf]km};nf .

z'?sf] km};nfdf lrQ a'em]g . n]gb]gJojxf/sf] %-!_ g+=adf]lhd lnvt km§f ePsf]k|i6 x'Fbfx'Fb} hfn;fhtkm{sf] bfjLdfly ljrf/}gu/L u/]sf] z'?sf] q'l6k"0f{ km};nf ab/ u/Lk|ltpQ/ lhsL/adf]lhd ul/kfpFm eGg];d]tk|ltjfbLx¿sf] k'g/fj]bg cbfnt lj/f6gu/dfk/]sf] k'g/fj]bg kq .

k|ToyL{ lkm/fbL sfzL/fdn] bfjL u/]sf]¿k}ofF shf{s} ¿kdf afFsL /x]sf] eGg] bfjLljrf/0fLo b]lvPsf]n] 5nkmnsf] lgldQ k|ToyL{lemsfO k]z ug'{ eGg] k'g/fj]bg cbfntlj/f6gu/sf] cfb]z .

k|ltjfbLn] jfbLnfO{ ldlt @)$&.%.!%df ul/lbPsf] skfnL td;'ssf] sfg"gL cl:tTjoyfjt sfod /x]sf] / ;f] lnvtnfO{ k|ltjfbLx¿n]cGoyf eGg g;s]sf], lnvtcg';f/sf] ;fFjfJofh k|ltjfbLn] jfbLnfO{ lt/] a'emfPsf]sfg"gcg';f/sf] ;a"b k|df0f k]z ug{ g;s]sf]cj:yf / l:yltdf jfbL bfjLadf]lhdsf] ;fFjfJofh k|ltjfbLn] jfbLnfO{ ltg{ a'emfpg kg]{7x¥ofPsf] z'? km};nf dgfl;j b]lvFbf ;b/ x'g]7x5{ eGg] k'g/fj]bg cbfnt lj/f6gu/af6 ldlt@)%$.!@.^ df ePsf] km};nf .

jfbL sfzL/fd cu|jfn / uf]ljGb/fdcu|jfn Psf;uf]nsf afa'5f]/f ePsf]df s'g}ljjfb 5}g . c+za08fsf] !* g+=adf]lhdPsf;uf]ndf hf]h;sf tkm{af6 cfh{g u/] klgC0f shf{ lnP klg ;f] ;uf]nsf] g} x'g] ePsf]n]ljkIfLsf 5f]/f uf]ljGb/fd / xfdLaLrdf ePsf]@)$&.%.@! sf] ;fem]bf/L lnvtadf]lhd x'g]gfkmf gf]S;fg;d]t ;uf]ns} x'g] b]lvG5 .@)$&.%.!% sf] skfnL td;'ssf] cl:tTj@)$&.%.@! df g} z"Go ePsf] k|df0f xfdLn]k|ltpQ/ aofg ;fy k]z bfv]n u/]sf 5f}+ .To;sf] d"NofÍg ePg . bfjLsf] lnvtaf6Jofkfl/s sf/f]af/sf] nflu ¿k}ofF lnPsf] eGg]:ki6 b]lvbf n]gb]gsf] $) g+= adf]lhd gfln;ug'{kg]{ egL ;jf]{Rr cbfntaf6 k|ltkflbt l;4fGt;d]tsf] jlv{nfk x'Fbf d'2f bf]xf]¥ofO{ x]/L OG;fkmkfpFm eGg] k|ltjfbLx¿sf] o; cbfntdf k/]sf]lgj]bg kq .

o;df ljjfbsf] ldlt @)$&.%.!% sf]lnvtsf] ¿k}ofFaf6 ns8Lsf] Jofkf/ ug{

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lnPsf], ;f]xL ¿k}ofFdf log} jfbL sfzL/fdcu|jfnsf 5f]/f uf]ljGb/fd cu|jfnn] xfdLb'j} hgf;Fu ldnL kf6{g/;Lk /xL ;fem]bf/LeO{ ns8Lsf] Jofkf/ 7]Ssf u/L gfkmf gf]S;fgcfwLcfwL Joxf]g]{ eGg] Joxf]/f pNn]v u/Lldlt @)$&.%.#! df u/]sf] s/f/sf] sfuhnfO{oL jfbLn] cGoyf eGg ;s]sf] kfOb}g . jfbLs}5f]/f uf]ljGb/fd cu|jfn jfbL ePsf] nufpsf]lg=g+= ^$!* sf] n]gb]g d'2fdf bfjL lnPsf]/sdsf] lnvtdf ;d]t cufl8 ns8Lsf]sf/f]af/ ubf{ ltg{ afFsL ePsf] eGg] Joxf]/fpNn]v u/L lnvt ePsf] eGg] b]lvG5 . k|:t'td'2fsf] bfjLsf] @)$&.%.!% sf] lnvtdf kfgLk/]sf] / cIf/ ;d]t km'nL ga'em\g] / lnvt;d]t RoftL rf/ 7fpFdf 6]k nufO{ 6fF;]sf]cj:yf ;d]t b]lvPsf], pQm lnvtsf] ¿k}ofFldlt @)$&.%.@! sf] kf6{g/;Lksf] lnvtdfpNn ]v eO { j fb Lsf ] 5 f ] / fn fO { ;d ]tkf6{g/;Lkdf /fvL ns8Lsf] sf/f]jf/ u/LcfPsf], ;f] s/f/sf] lnvtnfO{ oL jfbLn]cGoyf eGg g;s]sf] cj:yfdf pQm ldlt@)$&.%.!% sf] lnvtdf k'gM bfjL lnO{ cfPsf]hfn;fhL Joxf]/fsf] x'Fbf ¿k}ofF ltg'{kg]{ xf]OgeGg] k|ltjfbLsf] lhsL/ ;d]t ePsf] To:tf]lnvtsf] ¿k}ofF jfbLn] k|ltjfbLaf6 e/L kfpg]7x¥ofPsf] z'?sf] ;b/ u/]sf] k'g/fj]bg cbfntlj/f6gu/sf] km};nfdf g]sfk @)#&, k [i7!)(, lg=g+= !#*# df o; cbfntaf6k|ltkflbt l;4fGtsf] k|lts"n b]lvFbf Gofok|zf;g P]g, @)$* sf] bkmf !@-!_ sf] v08-v_ sf] cfwf/df bf]xf]¥ofpg] lg:;f k|bfgul/Psf] 5, lgodfg';f/ u/L k]z ug'{ eGg]o; cbfnt ; +o 'Q m Ohnf;sf ] ld lt@)%&.#.!% sf] cfb]z .

k|ltjfbLx¿n] jfbL sfzL/fd;Fu lnPsf]shf{ /sd ;d]t nufgL u/L Psf;uf]nsf 5f]/f

uf]ljGb/fdn] ;f] Joxf]/f ldlt @)$&.%.@! sf]lnvtd} :ki6;Fu pNn]v u/L ;fem]bf/Ldfns8Lsf] sf/f]af/ u/]af6 ljjfblbt ldlt@)$&.%.!% sf] skfnL td;'ssf] c:tLTj sfod/x]sf] dfGg ldn]g . jfbLsf Psf;uf]nsf 5f]/fuf]ljGb/fd / k|ltjfbLx¿aLr ldlt @)$(.&.$df k|ltjfbL lu/L/fh sfsL{ / s[i0f sfsL{n]cfhsf ldlt cl3 ns8Lsf] sfdsf/jfxL ubf{k6sk6s lnPsf] ;Dk"0f{ lx;fa lstfa ldnfgu/L ca pk|fGt a'emfpg afFsL 7x/ x'g cfPsf]/sd ?=$,%!,))).–egL to u/L 5'§} sfuhePsf] tYo nufpsf] d'2faf6 ;d]t b]lvFbf jfbLbfjLadf]lhdsf] lnvtsf] ¿k}ofF jfbLnfO{k|ltjfbLx¿n] a'emfpg' kg]{ cj:yf gb]lvbfbfjLadf]lhdsf] /sd jfbLn] e/L kfpg] 7x¥ofPsf]z'?sf] km};nf ;b/ u/]sf] k'g/fj]bg cbfntlj/f6gu/sf] ldlt @)%$.!@.^ sf] km};nf ldn]sf]b]lvPg . t;y{ pQm km};nf pN6L eO{ jfbLsf]bfjL k'Ug g;Sg] 7x5{ eGg] o; cbfntsf] ldlt@)^@.!.!@ sf] km};nf .

ldlt @)$&.%.!% df lnvt ePsf]s'/fnfO{ cGoyf eGg g;s]sf], ;f] lnvtdfplNnlvt /sd lt/]a'emfPsf] /Ltk"j{ssf] ekf{O{k]z x'g g;s]sf] tyf ldlt @)^@.!.!@ sf]km};nfdf 7x/ ug'{kg]{ k|Zg;Fu ;dfg k|s[ltsf]ljifo /x]sf] d'2fx¿df o; cbfntaf6 k|ltkflbtghL/x¿;Fu aflemg] u/L km};nf ePsf] x'gfn]Gofo k|zf;g P]g, @)$* sf] bkmf !! adf]lhdk'g/fnf]sg u/L x]l/kfpmF eGg] jfbLsf] lgj]bgkq .

o;df ldlt @)$&.%.!% df oL jfbL /k|ltjfbLx¿aLr ePsf] skfnL td;'sdf ;fx"oL jfbLnfO{ /sd a'emfPsf] s'g} k|df0f k]zbflvn x'g gcfPsf] cj:yfdf jfbLsf 5f]/fuf]ljGb/fd cu|jfn / k|ltjfbLx¿ aLr ePsf]elgPsf] ldlt @)$&.%.@! df] kf6{g/;Lksf]

*(%@ –*(%@ –*(%@ –*(%@ –*(%@ – sfzL/fd cu|jfnsf] d'=;=ug]{ b'uf{jtL cu|jfn v]l/of lj=lu/L/fh sfsL{ ;d]t


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sfuhsf] cfwf/df ldlt @)$&.%.!% sf] skfnLtd;'ssf] cl:tTj g} sfod g/x]sf] eGg]lgisif{df k'u]sf] kfOof] . skfnL td;'ssf;fx" oL jfbLsf] s'g} k|sf/sf] ;+nUgtf gb]lvPsf]kf6{g/;Lksf] sfuhnfO{ cfwf/ agfO{ jfbLbfjL k'Ug g;Sg] u/L ePsf] o; cbfntsf];+o'Qm Ohnf;sf] ldlt @)^@.!.!@ sf] km};nfg]qaxfb'/ s+zfsf/ lj?4 uf]a4{gbf; df8af/LePsf] n]gb]g d'2f -b]=k'm=g++ #*@_ df o;cbfntsf] k"0f{ Ohnf;af6 sfod ePsf] l;4fGt;d]tsf] k|lts"nsf] b]lvFbf Gofo k|zf;g P]g,@)$* sf] bkmf !! sf] -!_ sf] v08 -v_adf]lhd k|:t't d'2f k'g/fnf]sg u/L x]g]{ lg:;fk|bfg ul/Psf] 5 eGg] o; cbfntsf] ldlt@)^%.$.!$ sf] cfb]z .

lgodadf]lhd k]zL ;"rLdf r9L k]zx'g cfPsf] k|:t't d'2fdf lgj]bs jfbLsf] tkm{af6pkl:yt ljåfg clwjQmf >L dxfb]j kl08tn]ldlt @)$&.%.!% df lnvt u/L ¿k}ofF lnPsf]eGg] s'/fnfO{ ljkIfLn] :jLsf/ ug'{ePsf] /pQm /sd r'Qmf u/]sf] s'/f k|dfl0ft ug{ ;s]sf]cj:yf 5}g . cGo JolQm;Fu ePsf] s/f/ jflnvtsf] cfwf/df k|:t't d'2fsf] lnvtnfO{cdfGo ug{ ldNg] xf]Og . 5'§f5'§} cl:tTj ePsflnvt ePsf] x'Fbf o; cbfntaf6 ePsf] km};nfpN6L ab/ x'g'k5{ egL ax; ug'{eof] . ljkIfLk|ltjfbLsf tkm{af6 pkl:yt ljåfg jl/i7clwjQmf >L zDe' yfkf / clwjQmf s[i0fyfkfn] sfzL/fd / uf]ljGb/fd Psf;uf]ndf/x]sf afa'5f]/f ePsf]df ldlt @)$&.%.!% dfskfnL td;'s ePkl5 uf]ljGb/fd;Fu ldlt@)$&.%.@! df kf6{g/;Lksf] sfuh ePsf],ldlt @)$(.&.$ df ePsf] lnvtdf cfhsf]ldlt cl3 ns8Lsf] sfd sf/f ]jf/ ubf{k6sk6s lnPsf] ;Dk"0f{ lx;fa lstfa ldnfgul/Psf] eGg] pNn]v ePsf] x'Fbf 5'§} lnvt xf]

egL eGg ;lsg] cj:yf 5}g . o; cbfntaf6k'g/fnf]sgsf] lg:;f k|bfg ul/bf pNn]v ul/Psf]ghL/ k|:t't d'2fdf csflif{t x'g]] cj:yfg/x]sfn] o; cbfnt ;+o'Qm Ohnf;sf] km};nf;b/ xf];\ egL ug'{ ePsf] ax; ;'lgof] .

k]z ePsf] ldl;n sfuh cWoog u/Lljåfg sfg"g Joj;foLx¿sf] ax; lhsL/nfO{b[li6ut ubf{ o; cbfnt ;+o'Qm Ohnf;sf]km};nf ldn]sf] 5, 5}g < o; cbfntaf6k'g/fnf ]sg lg:;f k|bfg ubf { lnOPsf ]cfwf/;Fu ;xdt x'g ;Sg] cj:yf 5, 5}g <eGg] ;DaGwdf lg0f{o lbg'kg]{ b]lvg cfPsf]5 .

@= lg0f{otkm{ ljrf/ ubf{ k|ltjfbLx¿n]ld lt @)$& .% .!% d f lnvt u/ L?=(%),))).–lnPsf / efvfleq ga'emfPsfn];fFjf Jofh e/fO{ kfpmF eGg] jfbL bfjL ePsf]dfjfbLnfO{ a'emfpg'kg]{ ;Dk"0f{ /sd a'emfO{sf/f]af/ ldnfO{ ;s]sf] eGg] k|ltpQ/ lhsL//x]5 . z'? lhNnf cbfntn] jfbL bfjLadf]lhd;fFjfJofh e/fOkfpg] 7x/ u/]sf] km};nfk'g/fj]bg cbfntaf6 ;d]t ;b/ ePsf]dfo; cbfntaf6 d'2f bf]xf]¥ofO{ x]/L k'g/fj]bgcbfntsf] km};nf pN6L x'g] 7x/ ePpk/k'g/fnf]sgsf] lg:;f k|bfg eO cfPsf] kfOof] .o; cbfnt ;+oQm Ohnf;n] skfnL td;'ssf;fx" oL jfbLsf] s'g} k|sf/sf] ;+nUgtfgb]lvPsf] ldlt @)$&.%.@! sf] kf6{g/;Lksf]sfuh ;d]tnfO{ cfwf/lnO{ jfbL bfjL gk'Ug]egL km};nf u/]sf] kfOFbf k|:t't d'2fsf] ldlt@)$&.%.!% sf] skfnL td;'ssf] :jtGqcl:tTj 5 5}g < pQm lnvtsf] sf/f]jf/nfO{kl5 ul/Psf] kf6{g/;Lknufotsf cGo lnvt/ sf/f]jf/;Fu hf]l8Psf] jf ldnfg ul/Psf]b]lvG5 b]lvFb}g eGg] ;DaGwdf x]g'{kg]{ b]lvgcfPsf] 5 .

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#= jfb L sfzL/ fd cu |j fn; Fuk|ltjfbLx¿ lu/L/fh sfsL{ / s[i0f sfsL{n]ldlt @)$&.%.!% df ns8Lsf] sf/f]jf/ ug{egL ?=(,%),))).– lnO{ lnvt ul/lbPsf]s'/fdf ljjfb b]lvFb}g . To;/L lnvt ePsf]s]xL lbg kl5 ldlt @)$&.%.@! df jfbLsfzL/fd cu|jfnsf 5f]/f uf]ljGb/fd cu|jfn/ oL k|ltjfbLx¿sf aLrdf ns8Lsf] sf/f]jf/ug]{ u/L kf6{g/;Lksf] sfuh ePsf] / To;sfuhdf klxn] lnPsf] ?=(,%),))).– lr/fgns8Lsf] v/Lb ug{df nufpg] tyf sf/f]jf/af6x'g] nfe / xflg a/fa/L Joxf]g]{ eGg] ;d]tsf]Joxf]/f pNn]v ul/Psf] kfOof] . To;/L sfuheO{ sf/f]jf/;d]t ug]{ u/]sf] tYonfO{ jfbLsfzL/fd cu|jfnn] cGoyf eGg ;s]sf] kfOb}g .tt\kZrft\ ldlt @)$(.&.$ df uf]ljGb/fdcu|jfn / oL k|ltjfbLx¿sf aLrdf sfuhx'Fbf cfh;Dd ePsf] sf/f]jf/sf] lx;fa lstfaubf{ ns8Lsf] sf/f]jf/sf] qmddf k6sk6slnPsf] ;Dk"0f{ lx;fa lstfa ldnfg u/L capk|fGt a'emfpg afFsL /sd ?=$,%!,))).–7x/ x'g cfPsf] / pQm /sd @)$( d+l;/d;fGt;Dddf a'emfpg] eGg] Joxf]/f pNn]v eO{sfuh ePsf] b]lvG5 . To;/L ePsf] pQmkl5Nnf] lnvtsf] ;DaGwdf ;d]t d'2f k/LjfbLn] ;fFjf Jofh e/fO{ kfpg] 7x/ km};nf eO{clGtd eP/ a;]sf] ;+nUg k|df0f ldl;naf6b]lvPsf] 5 .

$= oL jfbL sfzL/fdn] cfkm" / 5f]/fuf]ljGb/fd aLr @)#& ;fndf g} c+za08f e}j]Unfj]Un} aGbJofkf/ / Jojxf/ u/L cfPsf] /5f]/fn] k|ltjfbLx¿;Fu ;fem]bf/L ns8Lsf]sf/f]jf/ u/L cfPtfklg To;df cfˆgf] s'g};/f]sf/ g/x]sf] egL lhsL/ lnPsf] kfOof] .jfbLn] pQmadf ]lhd bfjL lnPsf] ldlt@)#&.!@.( sf] a08fkqsf] lnvt /flhi6]«zg

kf; x'g ;s]sf] gb]lvFbf To;nfO{ sfg"gcg'¿ksf]a08fkqsf] dfGotf lbg ldNg] ePg . o;cj:yfdf sfzL/fd / uf]ljGb/fd Psf;uf]nd}a;L ;uf]nd} jGb Jofkf/ / Jojxf/ u/L cfPsfegL dfGg'kg]{ x'g cfp5 . c+za08fsf] !*g+=n] dfgf] g5'l§O{ ;uf]nd} a;]sf] c+lzof/n];uf]nsf] ;DklQaf6 jf ;uf]nsf] v]tL, pBf]u,Jofkf/ Joj;foaf6 a9]a9fPsf] ;uf]nsf] cfh{g;a} c+lzof/nfO{ efu nfUg] Joj:yf u/]sf]kfOG5 .

%= o; k|sf/ jfbL sfzL/fd / lghsf]5f]/f uf]ljGb/fd cu|jfn Psf;uf]nsf /xLaGbJofkf/ u/L /x]sf, k|ltjfbLx¿ s[i0f sfsL{ /lu/L/fh sfsL{]n] jfbL sfzL/fd;Fu lnPsf]/sd;d]t nufgL u/L 5f]/f uf]ljGb/fd;Fukf6{g/;Lkdf ns8Lsf] sf/f]af/ u/L cfPsf /jfbLsf 5f]/f uf]ljGb/fd;Fu ePsf kl5Nnfldltsf lnvtdf cl3sf] sf/f]jf/ / n]gb]gsf];Gbe{;d]t pNn]v u/L k6sk6ssf] lx;falstfa ldnfg ul/Psf] eGg] Joxf]/f pNn]v ePsf]b]lvPsf] cj:yfdf o; d'2fdf ljjflbt /x]sf]ldlt @)$&.%.!% sf] lnvtnfO{ 5'§} cl:tTj/x]sf] lnvt egL dfGg ldNg] b]lvPg . kl5ePsf lnvtx¿df cl3Nnf] lnvtsf] Jojxf/nfO{;d]t v'nfO{ ;Dk"0f{ lx;fa lstfa ldnfg ul/Psf]eGg] Joxf]/f kf/L sfuh eP kl5 cl3Nnf]lnvtsf] cl:tTj sfod} /xL /x]sf] dfGg plrt/ sfg"g;+ut x'g ;Sb}g .

^= o; cbfntaf6 k'g/fnf]sgsf]lg:;f k|bfg x'Fbf g]qaxfb'/ s+;fsf/ lj?4uf]j4{g bf; df8jf/L ePsf] n]gb]g d'2f -b]=km'=g+ + #(@_ df :yflkt ePsf] l;4fGt;d]tsf] k|lts"n b]lvPsf] egL cfwf/ lnPsf]kfOFbf ;f] ;DaGwdf ;d]t x]g'{kg]{ x'g cfPsf]5 . ;fljssf] d'n'sL P]g ;fx" c;fdLsf] g+=! cGtu{tsf] ljjfbsf] ;Gbe{ /x]sf] pQm d'2fdf

*(%@ –*(%@ –*(%@ –*(%@ –*(%@ – sfzL/fd cu|jfnsf] d'=;=ug]{ b'uf{jtL cu|jfn v]l/of lj=lu/L/fh sfsL{ ;d]t


158158158158158

ldlt @)@@.(.!^ df o; cbfntaf6 km};nfePsf] b]lvG5 . ;dfg lsl;dsf] tYo /x]sf]d'2fdf pxL sfg"gsf] JofVofsf] k|Zgdf cl3s'g} dxTjk"0f{ l;4fGt :yflkt /x]sf] 5 eg]kl5sf] To:t} lsl;dsf d'2fx¿df cjnDagul/g' k5{ eGg] dfGotf ghL/sf] l;4fGtdf/x]sf] x'G5 . xfd|f] ;+j}wflgs Joj:yf / o;cbfntn] cËfnL cfPsf] dfGotf klg ToxL g}xf] . k|:t't d'2fdf d'n'sL P]g n]gb]g Jojxf/sf]dxncGtu{tsf] ljjfb /x]sf] / d'2fsf] tYo;d]t p:t} k|s[ltsf] /x]sf] gkfO{bf plNnlvtghL/ o; d'2fdf cfslif{t x'g ;Sg] cj:yf/x]sf] kfOPg .

&= ctM dfly ljj]rgf ul/Psf cfwf// k|df0fx¿af6 oL jfbL k|ltjfbLx¿sf aLrdfePsf] ldlt @)$&.%.!% sf] lnvtsf] 5'§}cl:tTj sfod /x]sf] cj:yf b]lvg gcfPsfn]o; cbfntaf6 ldlt @)^%.$.!$ df lbOPsf]k'g/fnf]sgsf] lg:;f;Fu ;xdt x'g ;lsPg .t;y{ pQm lg:;f sfod /xg g;Sg] ePsf]n]o; cbfnt ; +o 'Q m Ohnf;sf ] ld lt@)^@.!.!@ sf] km};nf ;b/ x'g] 7x5{ .8fo/Lsf] nut s§f u/L ldl;n lgodfg';f/a'emfO{ lbg' .

pQm /fodf xfdL ;xdt 5f}+ .

k|=Gof=lvn/fh /]UdLGof=k|sfz j:tL

Olt ;+jt\ @)^( ;fn k'; !@ ut] /f]h % z'ed\Ohnf; clws[tM 6Lsf/fd cfrfo{

lg0f{o g+=*(%#lg0f{o g+=*(%#lg0f{o g+=*(%#lg0f{o g+=*(%#lg0f{o g+=*(%#

;jf{]Rr cbfnt, k"0f{ Ohnf;;DdfggLo sf=d'=k|wfg GofofwLz >L

bfdf]b/k|;fb zdf{dfggLo GofofwLz >L j}Bgfy pkfWofodfggLo GofofwLz >L 1fg]Gb|axfb'/ sfsL{

k'=lg=g+=)^& -NF-)))(cfb]z ldltM @)&).!.%.%

d'2f M– pTk|]if0f ;d]t .

lgj]bs k|ToyL{M e=k'=lh=,e=k'=g=kf=j8f g+=!)a:g] s[i0fdfg af;'snf

lj?4ljkIfL lgj]bsM e=k'=lh=,e=k'=g=kf=j8f g+= ^

a:g] /fds'df/ jgdfnf

o;cl3 lg0f{o ug]{ M–;jf]{Rr cbfnt ;+o'Qm Ohnf; M–

df=Gof=>L dLgaxfb'/ /fodfemLdf=Gof=>L sNof0f >]i7

§ df]xL xs sfg"gadf]lhd dfq k|fKt /;dfKt x'g] xs xf] eGg]df ljjfb 5}g .s'g} klg JolQmsf gfddf sfod ePsf]df]xLsf] nut s§f ug{sf] nflu e"ld;DaGwL P]g, @)@! / e"ld ;DaGwLlgodfjnL, @)@! df lglb{i6 cj:yf /cfwf/x¿sf] ljBdfgtf ckl/xfo{tf x'g] .

§ u'7L sfof{nonfO{ u'7L hUufsf] k|zf;g/ Joj:yfkg ug]{ clwsf/ u'7L ;+:yfgP]g, @)## n] k|bfg u/]sf] ePklg df]xLsf]xs ;dfKt x'g] u/L df]xL nut s§f ug]{&&&&&

159159159159159

clwsf/ k|bfg gu/]sfn] df]xL nuts§f ug]{ u/L u'7L ;+:yfgaf6 / ;f]adf]lhd ;|]:tf k"hf{ agfpg n]vL k7fpg]u/L u'7L ;+:yfg zfvf sfof{noaf6ul/Psf lg0f{o u}/sfg"gL x'g] .

-k|s/0f g+=^_§ df]xLsf] xs k|flKt / ;dflKt;Fu hf]l8Psf

k|df0fx¿sf] ljZn]if0f u/L df]xLsf]ljjfbdf lg0f{o ug]{ clwsf/ u'7L;+:yfgnfO{ gePsf]n] ;DalGwt e"ld;'wf/sfof{noaf6} lg0f{o lg¿k0f x'g'kg]{ .

-k|s/0f g+=*_

lgj]bssf tkm{jf6M ljåfg jl/i7 clwjQmf/fdk|;fb e08f/L ';+ej'

ljkIfL tkm{af6M ljåfg jl/i7 clwjQmf j;Gt/fde08f/L, clwjQmf 1fg]Gb|k|;fb kf]v/]n

cjnlDat ghL/M§ g]sfk @)%#, lg=g+=&!&!, k[=@*&

;Da4 sfg"gM§ e"ld;DaGwL P]g, @)@!§ e"ld;DaGwL lgodfjnL, @)@!

cfb]zGof=bfdf]b/k|;fb zdf{M Gofo k|zf;g P]g,

@)$* sf] bkmf !!-!_ sf] b]xfo v08 -v_adf]lhd o; cbfnt ;+o'Qm Ohnf;jf6 ldlt@)^$.(.@% df ePsf] cfb]z k'g/fnf]sg ul/kfpFmegL k|ToyL{ s[i0fdfg af;'snfsf] lgj]bg k/Lo; cbfntjf6 ldlt @)^&.%.$ df k'g/fnf]sgsf]lg:;f k|bfg eO{ ;jf]{Rr cbfnt lgodfjnL,@)$( sf] lgod ̂ -!_ adf]lhd o; Ohnf;;dIfk]z x'g cfPsf] k|:t't lgj]bgsf] ;+lIfKt tYo /cfb]z o; k|sf/ 5 M–

u'7L nut tyf clen]v zfvf eb|sfnLsf7df8f}+df nut ;|]:tf sfod /x]sf] @ g+=

a|Dxfo0fL n=g+=@#& df]xL e}/jaxfb'/ agdfnfOgfrf] sfod /x]sf] eQmk'/ gjb'uf{ ejfgLsf]lr/fu afNg] u'7L ;+:yfg clwg:y 5"6 u'7LhUuf, ;e]{ gfk gS;f x'Fbf eQmk'/ lhNnf eQmk'/gu/kflnsf j8f g+= !-u_ lsQf g+= ! If]qkmn@–!%–)–) sfod e} e}/jnfn eGg] e}/jaxfb'/agdfnfsf] a'xf/L lgj]bssf] aHo} las'dfofsf]gfpFdf df]xL hlgPsf] .

pQm hUufsf] vf; hf]tfxf df]xL aHo}ljs'dfof / hUufwgLdf gjb'uf{ ejfgLsf] lr/fuafNg] u'7Lsf] /sdL gfOs] /tgs'df/sf] gfdhlgPsf] 5 . u'7L ;+:yfg P]g, @)## n]/sdL vfGuLjfnfsf] ;a} xsflwsf/ ;DffKtu/L u'7L hUufdf vf; hf]tfxf df]xLsf] xs/xg] Joj:yf u/]sf]n] plNnlvt hUufdf aHo}ljs'dfofsf] Psnf}6L df]xL xs sfod /x]sf]k|i6 5 .

u'7L ;+:yfg P]g, @)## sf] bkmf $*cg';f/ e"dL ;'wf/ sfof{noaf6 aHo} ljs'dfofn]df]lxofgL xssf] hf]tfxf c:yfoL lg:;f;d]tk|fKt u/L aHo}n] df]xLsf] x}l;otn] hf]t sdf]bu/L cfPsf] cj:yf aHo}sf] xssf] ;Dk"0f{ ;DklQd]/f] cfdf ljs'nIdLnfO{ ldlt @)$@.^.* dfz]ifkl5sf] as;kq lnvt kfl/t u/L lbg'ePsf] 5 . aHo} ljs'dfofsf] ldlt @)$@.&.&df k/nf]s ePsf]n] lghsf] z]ifkl5 plNnlvthUuf cfdf ljs'nIdL tyf lgj]bs ;d]tn]hf]tef]u ub}{ cfPsf]df ljs'nIdLsf] klg ldlt@)%@.!).* df k/nf]s e};s]sf] 5 . tTkZrft\pQm hUuf lgj]bsn] df]xLsf] x}l;otn] hf]tsdf]bub}{ cfPsf] 5' . ljs'dfofn] kfl/t u/L lbPsf]z]ifkl5sf] as;kq lnvtcg';f/ ljs'nIdLsfgfp+df gfd;f/L ug{;Dd afFsL /x]sf] / cfdfljs'nIdLsf] klg d[To' ePsf]n] lgj]bssf] gfpFdfdf]xL gfd;f/L ug{;Dd afFsL /x]sf] hUuf xf] .plNnlvt hUufsf] /sdL gfO{s] /tgs'df/

*(%# –*(%# –*(%# –*(%# –*(%# – s[i0fdfg jf;'snf lj=/fds'df/ jgdfnf


160160160160160

x'g'ePsf]n] gfkLdf ls;fgsf] Joxf ]/fdf/tgs'df/sf] gfd hlgPsf] xf] .

ljs'dfofsf] z]ifkl5 cfdf ljs'nIdLn]sdfO{ cfPsf] / df]xL gfd;f/L ug{;Dd afFsL/x]sf] pQm hUuf ljkIfLdWo]sf s[i0fdfgjf;'snfn] sdfO{ cfPsf] eGb} gjb'uf{ lr/fuafNg] 5"6 u'7L eb|sfnLsf gfpFdf l;kmfl/zkfpmF egL @)$^ ;fndf eQmk'/ gu/k~rfotdflgj]bg lbPsf / ;f] gu/kflnsfaf6 ldlt@)$&.(.@* df ;fj{hlgs ;"rgf k|sflzteO{ tTsfn ljs'nIdLn] lnlvt hjfkm lbO{tfl/vdf a;L cfpg' ePsf]df pxfFsf] d[To'kl5lgj]bsn] d'2f ;sf/ u/L tfl/vdf a;L cfPsf]lyPF . s[i0fdfgn] lbPsf] lgj]bg / ldlt@)$&.(.!% sf] ;h{ldg em"7f xf] . hf]tfxfdf]xL ljs'dfofsf] d[To' cufl8 lghn] / lghsf]d[To'kZrft\ xsvfg] d[ts 5f]/Ln] hUuf hf]tsdf]b u/L afnL a'emL lnPsf] eGg] Joxf]/fpNn]v u/L pQm hUufsf] /sdL gfO{s] /tgs'df/jgdfnfn] eQmk '/ gu/kflnsfdf ldlt@)$&.!!.!% df lgj]bg ug'{ ePsf] 5 .

eQmk'/ gu/kflnsfaf6 sf/jfxL;DaGwLsfuhft eQmk'/ u'7L tx;Ln tyf vr{sfof{nodf k7fPkZrft\ ;f] sfof{noaf6 sf/jfxLcufl8 a9fO{ s]Gb|Lo sfof{nosf] ldlt @)%#.!).!#sf] kq cg';f/ pQm hUufsf] df]xLsf] k/nf]s e}xsbf/ gePsf] cj:yfdf u'7L t}gfyL tkm{ btf{ug'{kg]{ x'G5 egL n]vL cfPsf]n] ;|]:tfdf sfod;fljs df]xLsf] nut s§f u/L u'7L ;+:yfgsf]gfddf df]xL / hUufwgL ;d]t sfod ug{ u'7L;+:yfgsf] cfb]z cfjZos kg]{ ePsf]n] ;f] cg';f/n]vL k7fpg cfjZos lgsf;sf] nflu k]zu/]sf] 5' eGg] l6Kk0fL ;b/ ul/Psf] /x]5 .

u'7L ;+:yfg s]Gb|Lo sfof{noaf6 dfueO{ cfPcg';f/ df]xL dxndf u'7L ;+:yfg,hUufwgLdf u'7L ;+:yfg >L gjb'uf{sf] lr/fu

afNg] u'7L, lz/df u'7L t}gfyL hUuf hgfO{gfkLsf] df]xL dxndf n]lvPsf] s6fO{ hUufbtf{ u/L pQm hUuf s'g} Jofkfl/s k|of]hgsfnflu lnhdf hfg] hUuf xf] xf]Og, geP v'nflnnfd u/L laqmL ug{ pko'Qm x'G5 x'Fb}g ;f]osLg v'nfO{ k"hf{sf] k|ltlnlk ;fy kf7fpg'eGg] ldlt @)%(.!@.@) df lg0f{o u/L kmfOnu'7L ;+:yfg zfvf sfof{no eQmk'/df k7fPsf]df;f] sfof{noaf6 s]Gb|Lo sfof{nosf] cfb]zadf]lhd df]xLsf] nut s§f u/L u'7L t}gfyLk"hf{ dfu ug]{ egL ldlt @)^).!.!@ df lg0f{ocfb]z ePsf] s'/f hfgsf/L ePsf]n] ljkIfLx¿sf]plNnlvt u}/sfg"gL sfd sf/jfxL / lg0f{ocfb]z jb/sf nflu lgj]bg lnO{ pkl:yt ePsf]5' .

;fljsb]lv ljs'dfofsf] gfddf vf;hf]tfxf df]xL nut sfod /x]sf] u'7L clwg:yhUuf z]ifkl5sf] lnvtaf6 gfd;f/L x'g afFsL/x]sf] / u'7L ;+:yfg P]g, @)## sf] bkmf @& /#) cg';f/ xsjfnfdf hfg] k|fjwfg ljk/Ltlgj]bsn] df]xL gfd;f/Lsf] dfu u/L /x]sf]cj:yfdf ;f] hUuf u'7L t}gfyLtkm{ btf{ ug{ldNb}g . ljkIfL s[i0fdfg jf;'snfn] gfd;f/Lug{ sf/jfxL rnfPsf] ljifodf u'7L ;+:yfgzfvf sfof{no, eQmk'/n] l6Kk0fL p7fpg] / s]Gb|Losfof{non] df]xLsf] nuts§f u/L u'7L t}gfyLhgfpg] egL u/]sf] cgflws[t / u}/sfg"gL lg0f{ou'7L ;+:yfg P]g, @)## sf] bkmf @-6_ Pj+ bkmf@& / #) ;d]tsf] ljk/Lt 5 . cfk"mnfO{ k|fKtclwsf/If]q eGbf aflx/ uO{ ljkIfL u'7L ;+:yfgzfvf sfof{no eQmk'/n] l6Kk0fL k]z ug]{ /s]Gb|Lo sfof{non] ldlt @)%(.!@.@) df df]lxofgLnut s§f ug]{ / t}gfyLdf k"hf{ dfu ug]{ egLu/]sf] u}/sfg"gL lg0f{o Pj+ ;f] lg0f{osf cfwf/dfzfvf sfof{no, eQmk'/n] u/]sf] ldlt @)^).!.!@sf] lg0f{o tyf ;f] lg0f{osf cfwf/df eP u/]sf]

161161161161161

;Dk"0f{ sfd sf/jfxLn] lgj]bssf] ;+j}wflgs xddfcf3ft k/]sf] x'Fbf plNnlvt lg0f{ox¿ pTk|]if0fsf]cfb]zåf/f ab/ u/L aHo}sf] gfdsf] df]lxofgLhUuf lgj]bssf] gfddf gfd;f/L btf{ u/L lbg'egL k/dfb]z ;d]t hf/L ul/kfpFm . ;fy} ;f]hUuf u'7L ;+:yfgn] s'g} klg a]nf lgj]bsnfO{c;/ kg]{ u/L laqmL ug]{ ;d]tsf sfd sf/jfxLug{ ;Sg] x'Fbf k|:t't l/6 lgj]bgsf] 6'Ëf] gnfu];Ddlgj]bssf] xs lxt ljk/Lt s'g} klg sfd sf/jfxLgug"{ gu/fpg" egL ljkIfLsf gfpFdf cGtl/dcfb]z;d]t hf/L ul/kfpFm eGg] ;d]t Joxf]/fsf]lgj]bg kq .

o;df s] s;f] ePsf] xf] < lgj]bssf]dfu adf]lhdsf] cfb]z lsg hf/L x'g' gkg]{ xf] <of] cfb]z k|fKt ePsf] ldltn] af6fsf Dofbafx]s !% lbgleq lnlvt hjfkm lnO{ cfkm}+ jfcfˆgf] k|ltlglwåf/f pkl:yt x'g' egL l/6lgj]bgsf] ! k|lt gSsn ;fy} /fvL ljkIfLx¿nfO{;"rgf k7fO{ lbg" . lnlvt hjfkm cfP jf cjlwgf3]kl5 lgodadf]lhd k]z ug{" . ;fy} cGtl/dcfb]zsf] ;d]t dfu x'Fbf of] l/6 lgj]bgsf] 6'Ëf]gnfu];Dd ldlt @)%(.!@.@) / ldlt @)^).!.!@sf] lg0f{o sfof{Gjog gug["{ gu/fpg" egLljkIfLx¿sf] gfpFdf cGtl/d cfb]z hf/L u/LlbPsf] 5 eGg] ;d]t Joxf]/fsf] o; cbfntsf]cfb]z .

eQmk'/ gjb'uf{sf] lr/fu afNg] u'7Ldf/Tgs'df/ jgdfnfsf gfpFdf btf{ ePsf] ;fljsa|Dxfo0fL g=g+=!#! xfn gu/kflnsf j8f g+= !-u_ lsQf g+= ! sf] @–!%–) hUufsf] hf]tfxfljs'dfof jgdfnf ePsf] / lgh a[4 e} @)$@;fndf cfˆg} sfnultn] k/nf]s eO{ xs vfg]sf]xL gePsf], @)$) ;fnb]lv g} dnfO{ sdfpglbPsf], ldlt @)$^.@.# df s[i0fdfgn]/Tgs'df/;Fu hUuf sdfpg] sj'lnot sfuhu/fO{ lnPsf] x'Fbf df]xL nutdf gfd bflvnf

ul/kfpFm egL s[i0fdfg jf;'snfsf] ldlt@)$*.!@.^ df lgj]bg kg{ cfPsf] . s[i0fdfgsf]egfO{ em"7f xf] . ;f] hUuf cfdf ljs'dfof hLljt5p~h]n cfdfn] / z]ifkl5 d}n] hf]tsdf]b u/LafnL a'emfpb} cfPsL x'Fbf d]/f] gfpFdf sfodul/kfpFm egL ljs'nIdL jgdfnfn] sfuh u/]sf] .@)$) b]lvsf] lt/f] u'7Lsf gfO{s]nfO{ a'emfO{cfPsf] x'Fbf hf]tfxf df]xL d]f/f] gfddf sfodul/kfpFm egL s[i0fdfg jf;'snfn] u/]sf] sfuh .

plNnlvt hUuf !(@% dfu{ !$ df >L% dflxnL dxf/fgL ;'j0f{k|ef b]jLsf] gflt rf}tl/ofzdz]/ h+u zfxn] gjb'uf{ ejfgLsf] lr/fu afNg]u'7Lsf] nflu /fv]sf] 5"6 u'7L xf] eGg] /Tgs'df/jgdfnfsf] lgj]bg .

u '7L hUufdf @)#) ;fn r}qd;fGtkZrft\ dfq df]lxofgL xs k|bfg u/]sf]x'Fbf tTsfn hUuf sdfpg] ljs'dfofnfO{ df]xLxs k|fKt ePs} lyPg . u'7L ;+:yfg P]g, @)@(n] btf{jfnf df]xLsf] xs ;dfKt u/L ;s]sf] x'Fbfvf; hf]tfxsf] gftfn] d]/f] gfpFdf df]xL sfodul/kfpFm eGg] /fds'df/ jgdfnfsf] lgj]bg k/]sf] .5f]/f5f]/L sf]xL gePsL btf{jfnf ljs'dfofn]@)$) ;fndf hUufwgL /Tgs'df/nfO{ sfuhu/L 5f]8L lbPsf]n] sj'lnot u/L e/kfO{ lnO{hf]tL cfPsf] egL k'gM s[i0fdfg jf;'snfsf]lgj]bg kg{cfO{ eQmk'/ gu/kflnsfaf6 @)$);fnb]lv s[i0fdfgn] hf]tsdf]b u/L cfPsf] eGg]l;kmfl/z eO{ cfPsf] b]lvG5 . gu/kflnsfaf6ePsf] l;kmfl/z tyf ;h{ldg d'r'Nsf;d]taf6of] hUuf ljs'dfofn] gsdfPsf] eGg] b]lvPsf],lgh ljs'dfof @)$@ ;fndf k/nf]s eO{ lghsf]gfddf df]lxofgL gfd;f/L gePsf] hUUffdf df]xLsfod ul/kfpFm eGg] s[i0fdfg / vf; hf]tfxf dx'F eGg] /fds'df/ jgdfnf e} t]/f] d]/f];d]t x'Fbfu'7L sfof{non] s;}nfO{ df]xL sfod ug{ ;Sg]cj:yf ePg .



162162162162162

hUufwgL;Dd gjb'uf{ ejfgLsf] lr/fuafNg] u'7L hgfO{ gfkLdf df]xL n]lvPsf] JolQmk/fnf]]s e};s]sf]n] lghsf] gfd s§f u/L k"hf{dfu ug]{ lg0f{o ePsf] xf] . df]xL xs ;DaGwdft]/f] d]/f] ePsf] cj:yfdf clwsf/k|fKt lgsfodfguO{ u'7L ;+:yfgdf lgj]bg ug{ kfpg] xssfg"gn] k|bfg u/]sf] 5}g . ljs'dfof lgj]bssLcfdfsL cfdf ePsf]n] lgj]bssf gfpFdf df]xLxscfpg ;Sg] s'g} sfg"gL cfwf/ 5}g . cfdfsfgfpFdf df]xL xs sfod ge} 5f]/fsf gfpFdfcfpg] cj:yf x'Fb}g . ljs'dfof g} of] hUUffsf]sfg"gadf]lhdsf] df]xL xf]Ogg\ . lghn] k]z u/]sf]hf]tfxf c:yfoL lg:;fdf hUufwgL dxndfgjb'uf{ u'7Lsf] gfd n]lvPsf] geO{ /Tgs'df/sf]gfd n]lvPsf] 5 . pgfp JolQm hUufwgLb]vfPsf] hf]tfx c:yfoL lg:;f, k|df0f nfUg]gx'Fbf lgj]bg dfuadf]lhdsf] cfb]z hf/L ug{ldNb}g, lgj]bg vf/]h x'g'k5{, eGg] ;d]tJoxf]/fsf] ljkIfL u'7L ;+:yfg s]Gb|Lo sfof{no/ u'7L zfvf sfof{no eQmk'/sf] tkm{af6 k/]sf];+o'Qm lnlvt hjfkm .

>L gjb'uf{ ejfgLsf] lr/fu afNg] u'7Lsfnutdf btf{ ePsf] ;fljs a|Dxfo0fL df}hfsf]g=g+= !#! sf] nutcGtu{tsf] eQmk'/ lhNnf,eQmk'/ gu/kflnsf j8f g+= !u= ls=g+= ! sf]@–!%–) hUufsf] hf]tfxf df]xL ljs'dfof jgdfoftyf 5"6jfnf u'l7of/ /Tgs'df/ jgdfnf eO{hf]tfxfn] pQm hUuf sdfO{ cfPsf] cj:yfdflghsf] 5f]/f tyf klt ;d]t gePsf] / pQmhUuf sdfpg g;Sg] dgf;o JoQm u/L @)$);fnb]lv 5'6jfnfO{ lhDdf lbg' ePsf]n] 5"6jfnfu'l7of/sf] d~h"/Ln] @)$) ;fnsf] afnLb]lv g}d}n] hf]t sdf]b u/L s'tafnL a'emfpb} cfPsf] /;f]xL d~h"/Lsf cfwf/df ldlt @)$^.@.# dfbf]xf]/f] s't sa'lnot;d]t u/L df]xLsf] x}l;otn]hUuf sdfO{ cfPsf] . ;fljssf hf]tfxf ljs'dfof

jgdfnf @)$@ ;fndf k/nf]s ePkl5 d}n] g}sdfO{ cfPsf] / hf]t sfod ug]{ k|of]hgsf nflul;kmfl/z kfpg ldlt @)$^.!.@) dfgu/kflnsfdf lgj]bg u/]sf] x'F . pQm hUuf d}n]g} sdfO{ cfPsf] s'/f ldlt @)$&.(.@% tyfldlt @)%^.%.@( sf] ;h{ldgaf6 ;d]t :ki6ePsf] 5 . ljkIfLsf] aHo}n] cfˆgf] hLjgsfndfg} xs 5f]l8;s]sf] ljjfbsf] hUufsf ;DaGwdfz]=j=;d]t gePsf] / ePs} eP klg k|fKtstf{n]gkfPsf] cj:yfdf lgj]bsn] kfpg] cj:yf 5}g .u'7L ;+:yfgsf] u'7L t}gfyL sfod ug]{ lg0f{o;d]tdf lrQ ga'emL ljkIfL ;d]tsf pk/ lg0f{oab/ xs sfod d'2f eQmk'/ lhNnf cbfntdfbtf{ u/L ljrf/fwLg /x]sf] cj:yfdf ;f]xL d'2faf6}af]lng] ljifodf l/6 If]qaf6 x]g{ ldNb}g . ljjfbsf]hUuf @)$) ;fnb]lv ljs'dfofn] sdfpg5f8]kl5 lgj]bs tyf lghsf] cfdfn] sdfPsf]eGg] k|df0f klg b]vfpg ;Sg' ePsf] 5}g .ljs'dfofn] g} df]xL 5f]8L d}n] sdfO{ cfPsf]hUufsf ;DaGwdf u'7L ;+:yfg P]g, @)## sf]bkmf #) tyf ck'tfnLsf] @ g+=sf] cfwf/ lnO{bfjL ug{ gldNg] x'Fbf lgj]bg vf/]h /ul/kfpFmeGg] ;d]t Joxf]/fsf] ljkIfL s[i0fdfg jf;'snfsf]lnlvt hjfkm .

u'7L ;+:yfgsf] ldlt @)^).!.!@ sf]hUuf btf{ ug]{ lg0f{o;lxtsf] kmfOn u'7L ;+:yfgzfvf sfof{no eQmk'/af6 lemsfO{ k]zLsf] ;"rgf;d]t lbO{ k]z ug'{ eGg] o; cbfntsf] cfb]z .

lgj]bgdf ab/sf] dfu /x]sf] / u'7L;+:yfg s]Gb|Lo sfof{noaf6 ldlt @)%(.!@.@)df ePsf] lg0f{o ;lxtsf] ;Ssn kmfO{n u'7L;+:yfg s]Gb|Lo sfof{noaf6 lemsfO{ lgodfg';f/k]z ug'{ eGg] o; cbfntsf] cfb]z .

k|:t't lgj]bgdf lg0f{o ab/ ul/kfpFmegL bfjL lnPsf] lg0f{osf ;DaGwdf eQmk'/lhNnf cbfntdf ljkIfL s[i0fdfg jf;'snfn]

163163163163163

u'7L ;+:yfg s]Gb|Lo sfof{no, sf7df8f}+ ;d]tpk/lg0f{o ab/ xs sfodsf] d'2f k/L d'NtaLdf/x]sf] eGg] x'Fbf pQm ldl;n eQmk'/ lhNnfcbfntaf6 lemsfO{ cfPkl5 lgodadf]lhd k]zug'{ eGg] o; cbfntsf] cfb]z .

ljjfbsf] hUufsf] hUufwgLsf] ;DaGwdfljjfb geO{ hf]tfxf df]xLsf] ;DaGwdf;Dd ljjfbb]lvPsf] 5 . ;+nUg lkmN8a'ssf] k|ltlnlkdfdf]xL ljs'dfof jgfdfnf, ls;fgsf] Joxf]/fdf/Tgs'df/sf] hUuf hf]tLvfO{ cfPsf] eGg] pNn]vePsf] / ;f]xL cg';f/ u'7Lsf] nutdf btf{sfod x'g' gkg]{ eP bfjL lj/f]w ug{ cfpg'egL eQmk'/ u'7L tx;Ln tyf vr{ sfof{non]ldlt @)%#.*.& df ;"rgf k|sflzt u/]sf]b]lvFbf ;f] hUufsf] ;fljs df]xL ljs'dfofjgdfnf b]lvPsf] s'/fnfO{ cGoyf eGg ;Sg]l:ylt /x]g . ljjfbsf] hUufsf] e'=;'=$ g+=kmf/fd hf]tfxfsf] c:yfoL lg:;fdf ljs'dfofjgdfnfsf] gfd pNn]v ePsf]n] To;/L sfodePsf] df]xLn] cfk\mgf] xs sfg"gadf]lhd kl/Tofuu/]df afx]s s'g} sf/0fn] To:tf] df]lxofgL xslgnlDjt jf vf/]h x'g] l:ylt /xGg . ljjfbsf]hUuf ljs'dfof jgdfnfn] sdfpg 5f8]sf]n]@)$) ;fnb]lv 5"6jfnf /Tgs'df/ jgdfnfsf]d~h"/Ln] cfk"mn] hf]tLsdfO{ cfPsf] eGg] ljkIfLs[i0fdfg af;'snfsf] lnlvt hjfkm b]lvG5 .t/ lgh jf:tljs df]xL ePsf] eGg] s'/fsf];j'b k|df0faf6 k'li6 ug{ ;s]sf] b]lvFb}g .ljkIfLdWo]sf s[i0fdfgn] df]xL ljs'dfofsf]xsbf/ sf]xL gePsf] eGg] cfwf/df cfk\mgf]gfddf df]lxofgL dfu u/L b/vf:t lbPsf]b]lvP klg df]xL ljs'dfofn] z]ifkl5sf] js;kqu/L 5f]/LnfO{ lbPsf] cj:yfdf xsbf/ gePsf]eGg] g} p7fpg] cj:yf b]lvFb}g .

ctM s'g} :yflkt clen]v / sfg"gLcfwf/ a]u/ Psfsf] gfddf lkmN8a's nufotdf

hlgPsf] df]lxofgL;DaGwL tYosf] ljk/Lt u'7Lt}gfyL sfod dfgL cfk\mgf] gfddf hUufwgLk"hf{ dfu ug]{ u/]sf] lg0f{o u}/sfg"gL b]lvPsf]n]u'7L ;+:yfg s]Gb|Lo sfof{noaf6 ljjfbsf] hUufsf]df]xL dxndf u'7L ;+:yfg hgfpg] egL u/]sf]ldlt @)%(.!@.@) sf] lg0f{o / ;f] lg0f{osfcfwf/df u'7L ;+:yfg zfvf sfof{no, eQmk'/af6df]xLsf] nut s§f u/L u'7L t}gfyL k"hf{ dfuug]{ u/L ldlt @)^).!.!@ df ePsf] lg0f{opTk|]if0fsf] cfb]zåf/f ab/ x'g] 7x5{ . ljjfbsf]hUufsf ] ;fljs df ]xL ljs'dfofn] 5f ]/Lljs'nIdLnfO{ z]=j=ul/lbPsf] eGg] ldl;naf6b]lvFbf lgj]bssf] dfuadf]lhd df]xL gfd;f/Lk|lqmofsf] nflu ;DalGwt lgsfodf n]vL k7fO{lbg' egL ljkIfL u'7L ;+:yfg s]Gb|Lo sfof{no;d]tsf gfpFdf k/dfb]z hf/L x'g] 7x5{ eGg];d]t Joxf]/fsf] o; cbfnt ;+o'Qm Ohnf;af6ldlt @)^$.(.@% sf] cfb]z .

ljjfbsf] ls=g+=! hUufsf] hUufwgL u'7L;+:yfgcGtu{t >L gjb'uf{ ejfgLsf] lr/fuafNg] u'7L / ;fljs df]xL ljs'dfof jgdfnfePsf]df @)$) ;fnsf afnLb]lv g} pQm hUuflghn] sdfpg 5f]8L 5"6jfnf /Tgs'df/nfO{lhDdf lbg' ePsf] xf] . lgh 5'6jfnfaf6 @)$);fnb]lv g} d}n] sdfpg lnO{ ;fn;fnsf]s'tafnL a'emfpFb} cfPsf], l;kmfl/z / :yfgLo;h{ldgaf6 ;d]t d]/f] ef]u b]lvO{ df]xLdf t]/f]d]/f]k/]sf] cj:yf 5 . To:tf] hUufnfO{ u'7L t}gfyLsfod ug]{ u'7L ;+:yfg zfvf sfof{nosf] ldlt@)^).!.!@ sf] lg0f{opk/ d}n] lg0f{o ab/ xssfod d'2f lbO{ sf/jfxLo'Qm /x]s} cj:yfdf;f] d'2fdf c;/ kg]{ u/L cbfnt :jo+n] afbLsf]:yfg u|x0f u/L ePsf] ldlt @)^$.(.@% sf]cfb]z q'l6k"0f{ 5 . l/6 If]qaf6 x]g}{ gldNg]ljifodf k|df0fsf] unt d"NofÍg u/L ePsf]o; cbfnt ;+o'Qm Ohnf;sf] lg0f{o g]sfk



164164164164164

@)%#, lg=g+=^!&! df k|ltkflbt l;4fGt;d]tsf]7f8f] alv{nfk x'Fbf Gofo k|zf;g P]g, @)$*sf] bkmf !! sf] pkbkmf -!_ sf] v08 -v_adf]lhd ;f] q'l6k"0f{ cfb]z k'g/fnf]sg u/Ld]/f] lnlvt hjfkmadf]lhd ul/kfpFm eGg] ;d]tAoxf ] / fsf ] s [ i 0 fdfg af; 'snfsf ] o;cbfnt;dIfsf] lgj]bgkq .

o;df jfbL log} lgj]bs s[i0fdfgaf;'snf k|ltjfbL u'7L ;+:yfg s]Gb|Lo sfof{no;d]t ePsf] lg0f{o ab/ xs sfod d'2fsf] ldl;nlemsfO{ cfPkl5 k]z ug'{ eGg] ;d]t Joxf]/fsf]o; cbfntsf] ldlt @)^^.#.!( sf] cfb]z .

o;df eQmk'/ u'7L tx;Ln tyf vr{sfof{nosf] lg0f{o kmfOn x]bf{ ljjfbsf] ls=g+=!sf] hUuf lkmN8a'sdf hf]tfxfaf6 z]=j=lnvtkfPsf] cfwf/df bf=vf=dfu u/L ljs'nIdLjgdfnfn] o;} sf/jfxLdf bfjL lnPsf] eGg]Joxf]/f pNn]v ePsf] 5 eg] pQm hUuf ef]uug]{ s[i0fdfg af;'snfaf6 u'l7of/n] afnLa'em]sf] / ef]uklg lghn] g} u/]sf] ;h{ldgaf6b]lvg cfpF5 ;d]t elgPsf] 5 . To;/L df]xLxsdf g} ljjfb p7L df]xL t]/f]d]/f]sf] k|Zgpkl:yt ePsf] cj:yfdf ;fljs df ]xLljs'dfofn] 5f]/L ljs'nIdLnfO{ z]=j=u/L lbPsf]eGg] ldl;naf6 b]lvPsf] eGg] ;d]tsf]cfwf/df df]xL gfd;f/L k|lqmofsf] nflu;DalGwt lgsfodf n]vL k7fOlbg' egL u'7L;+:yfgsf gfpFdf k/dfb]zsf] cfb]z ;d]thf/L x'g] u/L o; cbfntsf] ;+o'Qm Ohnf;af6km};nf ePsf] b]lvg cfpF5 . o:t} u'7L hUufdfdf]lxofgL xssf] t]/f]d]/f]sf] k|ZglgxLt /x]sf]d'2fdf o; cbfnt k"0f{ Ohnf;af6 u'7LhUufsf] df]lxofgL xssf] t]/f]d]/f] ;DaGwLljjfbsf] lg?k0f ug]{ clwsf/ u'7L ;+:yfgnfO{ePsf] b]lvg cfPg egL u'7L hUufsf] xsdf;d]t ;a'b k|df0f a'emL df]xL ;DaGwL t]/f]d]/f]

k |Zgdf lg0f {o ug] { clwsf/ e" ld;'wf/clwsf/LnfO{ ePsf] dfGg'kg]{ egL dx]Gb|gfypkfWofo ;d]t lj=u'7L ;+:yfg s]Gb|Lo sfof{no;d]t g]sfk @)%#, lg=g+=^!&!, k[=@*& dfl;4fGt k|ltkfbg ePsf] kfOG5 . plNnlvt;Gbe{df o; cbfnt ;+o'Qm Ohnf;af6 ldlt@)^$.(.@% df ePsf km};nf pQm l;4fGt;d]tsf] k|lts"n b]lvFbf Gofo k|zf;g P]g,@)$* sf]s bkmf !! sf] pkbkmf -!_ sf]v08 -v_ jdf]lhd k|:t't d'2f k'g/fnf]sgu/L x]g]{ lg:;f k|bfg ul/lbPsf] 5 eGg] ;d]tJoxf]/fsf] o; cbfnt k"0f{ Ohnf;sf] ldlt@)^&.%.$ sf] cfb]z .

o;df u'7L ;+:yfgsf] lg0f{opk/ eQmk'/lhnf cbfntdf k/]sf] lg0f{o ab/ xs sfodd'2fdf ePsf] km};nfpk/ oL lgj]bsn] k'g/fj]bgcbfnt, kf6gdf bfo/ u/]sf] k'g/fj]bg xfnpQm cbfntsf] ljrf/fwLg /x]sf] eGg] ax;sfl;nl;nfdf hfgsf/L x'g cfPsf] / ;f] d'2fdfp7fOPsf] ljifo k|:t't d'2f;Fu ;d]t ;DalGwtb]lvFbf k'g/fj]bg cbfnt, kf6gaf6 pQm ldl;nlemsfO{ k|fKt ePkl5 lgodfg';f/ u/L k]z ug"{ .

lgodjdf]lhd k]z x'g cfPsf] k|:t'tlgj]bgdf lgj]bssf tkm{jf6 pkl:yt ljåfgjl/i7 clwjQmf >L /fdk|;fb e08f/L ';+ej' n]ljjflbt u'7L hUufsf] ;fljs df]xL ljs'dfofePklg lghn] @)$) ;fnb]lv g} hUuf sdfpg5f]8]sf] sf/0f 5"6jfnf /Tgs'df/n] lgj]bsnfO{bf]xf]/f] sa'lnot u/L df]xLdf sdfpg lbPsfx'g\ . ;f] adf]lhd 5 jif{sf] afnL ;d]t a'emfPsf]cj:yf 5 . g=kf=sf] l;kmfl/z / :yfgLo;h{ldgaf6 ;d]t ljjflbt hUufdf lgj]bss}ef]u b]lvPsf] cj:yf 5 . lgj]bssf] df]xLxssf]hUufdf cl3 g} df]xL xs 5fl8;s]sL ljs'dfofaf6z]=j=kfPsf] egL ljkIfLn] df]xLdf bfjL u/]sf]sf/0f k|i6 ¿kdf df]xL t]/f]d]/f] k/]sf] xf] . o:tf]

165165165165165

ljifodf u'7L ;+:yfgn] geO{ e"ld;'wf/ sfof{non]lg0f{o ug'{kg]{ egL g]sfk @)%#, k[=@*& dfk|ltkflbt l;4fGt ljk/Lt ljkIfLsf gfddf df]xLgfd;f/Lsf nflu n]vL k7fpg' egL ;+o'QmOhnf;af6 ePsf] cfb]z q'l6k"0f{ x'Fbf ;f] cfb]zk'g/fnf]sg x'g' kb{5 eGg] ;d]t jx; k|:t'tug'{eof] .

ljkIfL /fds'df/ jgdfnfsf] tkm{af6/xg' ePsf ljåfg jl/i7 clwjQmf >L a;Gt/fde08f/Ln] df]xL t]/f]d]/f]sf] ljjfb g} 5}g .hUufwgL u'7L / df]xL l/6 lgj]bssf] ah}ljs'dfof ePsf] s'/f lglj{jfb 5 . ljs'dfofn]@)$@ ;fndf lghsf] df]xLxs lgj]bssf] cfdfljs'nIdLnfO{ z]=j=dfkm{t\ xs x:tfGt/0ful/lbPsf] / @)$% ;fndf lghsf] d[To' ePsf]x'Fbf dfuadf]lhd df]xL gfd;f/L;Dd x'g' kg]{cj:yf 5 . ljs'dfofn] df]xL xs 5f8]s} 5}g .@ g+= cg';"rL / $ g+= hf]tfxf c:yfoL lg:;fljs'dfof s} gfpFdf sfod 5 . o:tf] cj:yfdf/Tgs'df/nfO{ ljs'dfofsf] df]xLxs ljkIfLnfO{lbg ;Sg] clwsf/ g} 5}g . lbPsf] klg xf]Og .ljkIfL :jo+ unt af6f] cjnDag u/L lg0f{oab/ d'2f lnP/ hfg' ePsf] x'Fbf k|:t't l/6lgj]bgaf6 lghsf] xs sfod x'g ;Sb}g .k'g/fnf]sgsf] lg:;fdf pNn]v ePsf] ghL/cfslif{t x'g ;Sg] cj:yf gePsf]n] ;+o'QmOhnf;sf] lg0f{o sfg"g;Ddt x'Fbf cGoyf ug'{kg]{cj:yf 5}g eGg] ;d]t ax; ug'{eof] .

u'7L ;+:yfgsf tkm{jf6 pkl:yt ljåfgclwjQmf >L 1fg]Gb|k|;fb kf]v/]nn] df]xLsf] bfjLug]{ b'j} JolQm df]xL sfod x'g ;Sg] cj:yfgePsf]n] u'7Lsf gfddf sfod ug]{ u/L u'7L;+:yfgaf6 lg0f{o ePsf] xf] . ;f] lg0f{o sfg"g;Ddt\ePsf] / u'7L ;+:yfgsf lj?4df k/dfb]z hf/Lx'g g;Sg] x'Fbf ;+o'Qm Ohnf;af6 ePsf] cfb]zab/ x'g'kb{5 eGg] ;d]t ax; ug'{eof] .

kIf ljkIfsf ljåfg sfg"g Joj;foLx¿n]ug'{ ePsf] plNnlvt ax; lhls/ dgg\ u/L k]zx'g cfPsf] ;Dk"0f{ ldl;n sfuhft cWoogul/x]bf{ o; cbfnt ;+o'Qm Ohnf;jf6 ePsf]cfb]z k'g/fnf]sg u/L x]g'{kg]{ xf], xf]Og eGg]laifodf s]lGb|t /lx lg0f{o lbg'kg]{ x'g cfPsf]5 .

@= lg0f{otkm{ ljrf/ ubf{ ;j]{ gfkLdfgjb'uf{ ejfgLsf] lr/fu afNg] u'7L hUufwgL /hf]tfxf df]xL ljs'dfof hlgPsf] eQmk'/ g=kf=j8fg+=!-u_ ls=g+=! If]qkmn @–!%–) sf] ljjflbtu'7L clwg:y 5"6 hUufsf] hUufwgL u'7L ;+:yfgeGg] hlgPsf] kfOG5 . ;f] hUufsf] 5"6jfnfu'l7of/ /tgs'df/ / ;fljs hf]tfxf df]xLljs'dfof ePsf] tYodf klg vf;} ljjfb /x]sf]kfOFb}g . hf]tfxf df]xL ljs'dfofsf] klt tyf5f]/f gePsf] / lghsf] a[4fj:yf ePsf]n] pQmhUuf @)$) ;fnb]lv g} sdfpg 5f8L5"6jfnfsf] lhDdfdf lbPsf]n] 5"6jfnf u'l7of/sf]d~h"/Ln] @)$) ;fnb]lv g} hf]tsdf]b u/L;fn;fnsf] s"t a'emfpFb} cfPsf] tyf ldlt@)$^.@.# df bf]xf]/f] s"t sj'lnot ;d]t u/Ldf]xLsf] x}l;ot k|fKt u/]sf]n] cfk\mgf] gfddfdf]xL sfod x'g'kg]{ eGg] lgj]bs s[i0fdfgaf;'snfsf] lgj]bg bfjL /x]sf] kfOG5 . t/ pQmhUufsf] ;fljs df]xL ljs'dfofn] lghsf] df]xLxs ldlt @)$@.^.* df 5f]/L ljs'nIdLnfO{z]ifkl5sf] as;kq u/L lbPsf]df aHo} ljs'dfoftyf cfdf ljs'nIdLsf] ;d]t b'j}sf] k/nf]sePsf] sf/0f cfk\mgf] xs ePsf] / gfd;f/L;Ddug{ afFsL /x]sf] eGb} ljs'nIdLsf] 5f]/f ljkIfLl/6 lgj]bs /fds'df/ jgdfnfn] df]xL gfd;f/Lsf]bfjL u/]sf] b]lvG5 .

#= pk/f]Qm df]xL sfod;DaGwL ljjfbdfeQmk'/ u'7L tx;Ln tyf vr{ sfof{noaf6sf/jfxL x'Fb} hfFbf df]xL t]/f]d]/f]sf] l:ylt k/L



166166166166166

u'7L ;+:yfg s]Gb|Lo sfof{nodf k/fdz{sf] nfluk7fOPsf]df df]xLsf] k/nf]s eO{ xsbf/ gePsf]cj:yfdf u'7L t}gfyLtkm{ btf{ ug'{kg]{ x'G5 egL/fo k|fKt ePsf] / k'gM ;f]xL adf]lhd lgsf;fsf]nflu n]vL k7fOPsf]df ldlt @)%(.!@.@) dfdf]xLsf] nut s§f u/L df]xL / hUufwgL dxndfu'7L ;+:yfg n]vL u'7L t}gfyL hgfO{ btf{ ug]{tkm{sf/jfxL ug{' eGg] ;d]t lg0f{o ePsf] b]lvof] .u'7L ;+:yfg s]Gb|Lo sfof{nosf] pQm lg0f{o /ldlt @)%(.!@.@% sf] kqfrf/ -cfb]z_ adf]lhdljjflbt hUufsf] df]xLsf] nut s§f u/L u'7Lt}gfyL k"hf{ dfu ug]{ u/L u'7L ;+:yfg zfvfsfof{no eQmk'/af6 ldlt @)^).!.!@ df lg0f{oePsf] / ;f] b'j} lg0f{o pTk|]if0fsf] cfb]zn] ab/u/L df]xL gfd;f/L u/L lbg' egL k/dfb]z ;d]tdfu u/L l/6 lgj]bs /fds'df/ jgdfnfn] k|:t'tl/6 lgj]bg bfo/ u/]sf] b]lvg cfpF5 .

$= ;fljsb]lv sfod /x]sf] btf{jfndf]xL ljs'dfofn] xs 5f8]sf] k|df0fsf cefjdfcGo JolQmnfO{ bf]xf]/f] s't sa'˜lnot u/L lbg]tyf ;f]sf] cfwf/df df]xL bfjL ug]{ clwsf/u'l7of/ tyf u'l7of/af6 sfuh u/fpg] s[i0fdfgaf;'snfnfO{ gx'g] / ;fljs df]xLsf] df]xL xs;dfKt x'g] u/L df]xL nut s§f u/]sf] u}/sfg"gLx'g] egL df]xL nut s§f u/L u'7L ;+:yfgs}gfddf t}gfyL sfod u/]sf] / ;f] adf]lhdhUufwgL k|df0f k"hf{ agfpg n]vL k7fpg] pk/f]Qmldlt @)%(.!@.@) / @)^).!.!@ sf] lg0f{opTk|]if0fsf] cfb]zåf/f ab/ u/L lgjb]ssf]dfuadf]lhd df]xL gfd;f/L k|lqmofsf] nflu;DalGwt lgsfodf n]vL k7fO{ lbg" egL o;cbfntaf6 ljkIfL u'7L ;+:yfgsf gfddfk/dfb]z hf/L ePsf] b]lvG5 .

%= e"ld;'wf/ sfof{nosf] lg0f{opk/cfk"mn] lg0f{o ab/ d'2f lbO{ ljrf/fwLg /x]s}cj:yfdf pQm d'2fnfO{ ;d]t c;/ kg]{ u/L

df]xL t]/f]d]/f]sf] ljjfbdf e"ld;'wf/ sfof{noaf6lg0f{o x'g'kg]{ eGg] l;4fGt ;d]tsf] k+|lts"nkIfsf] :yfg u|x0f u/L l/6 lgj]bssf gfddfdf]xL gfd;f/Lsf] nflu n]vL k7fpg" egL k/dfb]zhf/L u/]sf] ;+o'Qm Ohnf;sf] lg0f{o q'l6k"0f{/x]sf]n] k'g/fnf]sg ul/kfpFm eGg] k|ToyL{ s[i0fdfgaf;'snfsf] lgj]bg k/L ;f]xL cfwf/df lg:;fk|bfg ePsf] /x]5 .

^= k|ydtM df]xL xs sfg"gadf]lhd dfqk|fKt / ;dfKt x'g] xs xf] eGg]df ljjfb 5}g .s'g} klg JolQmsf gfddf sfod ePsf] df]xLsf]nut s§f ug{sf] nflu e"ld ;DaGwL P]g, @)@!/ e"ld ;DaGwL lgodfjnL, @)@! df lglb{i6cj:yf / cfwf/x¿sf] ljBdfgtf ckl/xfo{tfx'G5 . u'7L sfof{nonfO{ u'7L hUufsf] k|zf;g /Joj:yfkg ug]{ clwsf/ u'7L ;+:yfg P]g, @)##n] k|bfg u/]sf] ePklg df]xLsf] xs ;dfKt x'g]u/L df]xL nut s§f ug]{ clwsf/ k|bfg u/]sf]b]lvFb}g . t;y{ ljs'dfofsf] df]xL nut s§f ug]{u/L u'7L ;+:yfg s]Gb|Lo sfof{noaf6 ldlt@)%(.!@.@) df / ;f] adf]lhd ;|]:tf k"hf{agfpg n]vL k7fpg] u/L u'7L ;+:yfg zfvfsfof{no, eQmk'/af6 ldlt @)^).!.!@ df ul/Psflg0f{o u}/sfg"gL b]lvPsf]n] pQm lg0f{ox¿pTk|]if0fsf] cfb]zn] ab/ x'g] 7x¥ofPsf] ;+o'QmOhnf;sf] cfb]z cGoyf b]lvg cfpFb}g .

&= hxfF;Dd l/6 lgj]bssf gfpFdf df]xLgfd;f/Lsf] nflu n]vL k7fpg" egL k/dfb]zhf/L ePsf] gldn]sf] eGg] ljifo 5, ljjflbtls=g+=! hUufsf] ;fljs hf]tfxf df]xL ljs'dfofx'g\ eGg] tYodf ljjfb geP klg @)$);fnkl5 lghn] hUuf sdfpg 5f8]sf sf/0f5"6 u'l7of/n] bf]xf]/f] sa"lnot ;d]t ul/lbPaf6cfk"m df]xL ePsf] egL s[i0fdfg af;'snfn]df]xL bfjL u/]sf] sf/0f df]xLdf t]/f]d]/f] k/Lljjfb pTkGg ePsf] b]lvG5 . o; l:yltdf

167167167167167

;fljs hf]tfxf df]xL ljs'dfofn] /Ltk"j{s df]xLxs 5f8]sf] cj:yf xf] xf]Og, df]xL xs 5f8]sf]eP ljjfbsf] hUuf xfn s] s'g JolQmn]hf]tsdf]b u/]sf] cj:yf 5 / df]xL xs g5f8]sf]eP lghn] ul/lbPsf] elgPsf] z]ifkl5sf]js;kqadf]lhd lghsL 5f]/L ljs'nIdL tyflghsf 5f]/f l/6 lgj]bs /fds'df/ agdfnfsf]gfddf df]xL xs sfod x'g ;Sg] xf] xf]Og eGg]cfwf/e"t k|Zg Psftkm{ pkl:yt ePsf] kfOG5 .To:t} hf]tfxf df]xLn] @)$) ;fnb]lv hUufsdfpg 5f8]sf sf/0f 5"6 u'l7of/n] lbPsf]elgPsf] s't sj'lnot / ekf{O{adf]lhd df]xLsf]x}l;otn] hUuf hf]tsdf]b u/]sf] eGg] lgj]bss[i0fdfg af;'snfsf] l:ylt s] x'g] xf], lghnfO{lbOPsf] elgPsf] bf]xf]/f] s't sj'lnot / ekf{O{sfuhx¿sf] cj:yf s] s:tf] /x]sf] 5 ;f]sf]cfwf/df lghsf gfddf df]xL sfod x'g ;Sg]xf] xf]Og eGg] ljifox¿ klg lg0ff{os k|Zgsf]¿kdf /x]sf] b]lvG5 .

*= df]xLsf] xs k|flKt / ;dflKt;Fuhf]l8Psf pk/f]Qm k|df0fx¿sf] ljZn]if0f u/Ldf]xLsf] ljjfbdf lg0f{o ug]{ clwsf/ u'7L;+:yfgnfO{ gePsf]n] ;DalGwt e"ld;'wf/sfof{noaf6} lg0f{o lg¿k0f x'g'kg]{ b]lvG5 . u'7LhUufdf df]lxofgL xssf] t]/f]d]/f]sf] k|Zg lgxLt/x]sf] o:t} k|s[ltsf] dx]Gb|gfy pkfWofo ;d]tlj=u'7L ;+:yfg s]Gb|Lo sfof{no ;d]t ePsf]d'2fdf o; cbfnt k"0f{ Ohnf;af6 u'7L hUufsf]df]lxofgL xssf] t]/f]d]/f] ;DaGwL ljjfbsf] lg?k0fug]{ clwsf/ u'7L ;+:yfgnfO{ geO{ k|df0f a'emLdf]xL ;DaGwL t]/f]d]/f] k|Zgdf lg0f{o ug]{ clwsf/e"ld;'wf/ clwsf/LnfO{ ePsf] egL g]sfk @)%#,lg=g+=^!&!, k[=@*& df l;4fGt ;d]t k|ltkfbgePsf] b]lvFbf k|:t't df]xL t]/f]d]/f]sf] ljjfbsf]klg ;DalGwt e"ld;'wf/ sfof{noaf6} 6'+uf] nfUg'kg]{ b]lvof] .

*= t;y{M plNnlvt k|ltkflbt l;4fGt;d]tsf] cfwf/ sf/0faf6 ljs'dfofsf] df]xL xsl/6 lgj]bs /fds'df/ jgdfnfsf] gfddf gfd;f/Lug{ ;DalGwt sfof{nodf n]vL k7fpg" egL u'7L;+:yfg s]Gb|Lo sfof{no ;d]tsf gfpFdf k/dfb]zhf/L u/]sf] xb;Dd o; cbfnt ;+o'Qm Ohnf;sf]ldlt @)^$.(.@% sf] cfb]z q'l6k"0f{ b]lvPsf]n];f]xb;Dd k'g/fnf]sg eO{ df]xL t]/f]d]/f]sf] ljifodflg0f{o ug{ b'j} kIfnfO{ ;DalGwt e"ld;'wf/sfof{nodf k7fO{ lbg" egL ljkIfL u'7L ;+:yfgzfvf sfof{no, eQmk'/sf gfddf k/dfb]z hf/Lx'g] 7x5{ . ;f]sf] hfgsf/L ljkIfLnfO{ u/fO{bfo/Lsf] nut s§f u/L ldl;n lgodfg';f/u/L a'emfO{lbg' .

pQm /fodf ;xdt 5f}+ .

Gof=j}Bgfy pkfWofoGof=1fg]Gb|axfb'/ sfsL{

Olt ;+jt\ @)&) ;fn j}zfv % ut] /f]h % z'ed\=Ohnf; clws[tM—gf/fo0f ;'j]bL

lg0f{o g+=*(%$ lg0f{o g+=*(%$ lg0f{o g+=*(%$ lg0f{o g+=*(%$ lg0f{o g+=*(%$

;jf]{Rr cbfnt, ljz]È Ohnf;dfggLo GofofwLz >L bfdf]b/k|;fb zdf{

dfggLo GofofwLz >L sNof0F >]i7dfggLo GofofwLz >L k|sfz j:tL

l/6 g+=)^*–WS–))%@cfb]z ldltM@)^(.*.@*.%

ljÈoM– pTk|]if0f;d]t .

*(%$ –*(%$ –*(%$ –*(%$ –*(%$ – x's'dl;+x yfkf lj=k|wfgdGqL tyf dlGqkl/ifb\sf] sfof{no ;d]t


168168168168168

lgj]bsM lh=;Kt/L, xlb{of uf=lj=;=j8f g+= #a:g] x's'dl;+x yfkf

lj?4ljkIfLM k|wfgdGqL tyf dlGqkl/Èb\sf] sfof{no

;d]t

§ ljb]zL ljlgdo -lgoldt ug]{_ P]g,ljb]zL ljlgdo -lgoldt ug]{_ P]g,ljb]zL ljlgdo -lgoldt ug]{_ P]g,ljb]zL ljlgdo -lgoldt ug]{_ P]g,ljb]zL ljlgdo -lgoldt ug]{_ P]g,@)!( sf] bkmf % n] s'g} k|sf/sf]@)!( sf] bkmf % n] s'g} k|sf/sf]@)!( sf] bkmf % n] s'g} k|sf/sf]@)!( sf] bkmf % n] s'g} k|sf/sf]@)!( sf] bkmf % n] s'g} k|sf/sf]ljb]zL d'b|fnfO{ g]kfnleq Nofpg,ljb]zL d'b|fnfO{ g]kfnleq Nofpg,ljb]zL d'b|fnfO{ g]kfnleq Nofpg,ljb]zL d'b|fnfO{ g]kfnleq Nofpg,ljb]zL d'b|fnfO{ g]kfnleq Nofpg,aflx/ n}hfg jf a}+lsª sf/f]jf/;d]taflx/ n}hfg jf a}+lsª sf/f]jf/;d]taflx/ n}hfg jf a}+lsª sf/f]jf/;d]taflx/ n}hfg jf a}+lsª sf/f]jf/;d]taflx/ n}hfg jf a}+lsª sf/f]jf/;d]tug{ gkfpg] u/L lgÈ]w ug]{ u/L ;"rgfug{ gkfpg] u/L lgÈ]w ug]{ u/L ;"rgfug{ gkfpg] u/L lgÈ]w ug]{ u/L ;"rgfug{ gkfpg] u/L lgÈ]w ug]{ u/L ;"rgfug{ gkfpg] u/L lgÈ]w ug]{ u/L ;"rgfk|sflzt ug{;Sg] clwsf/ g]kfnk|sflzt ug{;Sg] clwsf/ g]kfnk|sflzt ug{;Sg] clwsf/ g]kfnk|sflzt ug{;Sg] clwsf/ g]kfnk|sflzt ug{;Sg] clwsf/ g]kfn;/sf/nfO{ lbPsf] clwsf/ k|of]u;/sf/nfO{ lbPsf] clwsf/ k|of]u;/sf/nfO{ lbPsf] clwsf/ k|of]u;/sf/nfO{ lbPsf] clwsf/ k|of]u;/sf/nfO{ lbPsf] clwsf/ k|of]uu/L cy{ dGqfnon] ;"rgf k|sflztu/L cy{ dGqfnon] ;"rgf k|sflztu/L cy{ dGqfnon] ;"rgf k|sflztu/L cy{ dGqfnon] ;"rgf k|sflztu/L cy{ dGqfnon] ;"rgf k|sflztu/L ef=?=%)). b/sf gf ]6sf ]u/L ef=?=%)). b/sf gf ]6sf ]u/L ef=?=%)). b/sf gf ]6sf ]u/L ef=?=%)). b/sf gf ]6sf ]u/L ef=?=%)). b/sf gf ]6sf ]sf/f ]jf/df nufPsf] k|ltaGwnfO{sf/f ]jf/df nufPsf] k|ltaGwnfO{sf/f ]jf/df nufPsf] k|ltaGwnfO{sf/f ]jf/df nufPsf] k|ltaGwnfO{sf/f ]jf/df nufPsf] k|ltaGwnfO{sfg"gljk/Lt eGg gldNg] .sfg"gljk/Lt eGg gldNg] .sfg"gljk/Lt eGg gldNg] .sfg"gljk/Lt eGg gldNg] .sfg"gljk/Lt eGg gldNg] .

§ ;6xL jf sf/f]jf/ ug{ jf g]kfndf;6xL jf sf/f]jf/ ug{ jf g]kfndf;6xL jf sf/f]jf/ ug{ jf g]kfndf;6xL jf sf/f]jf/ ug{ jf g]kfndf;6xL jf sf/f]jf/ ug{ jf g]kfndfNofpg n}hfg;d]t lgÈ]lwt gf]6x¿Nofpg n}hfg;d]t lgÈ]lwt gf]6x¿Nofpg n}hfg;d]t lgÈ]lwt gf]6x¿Nofpg n}hfg;d]t lgÈ]lwt gf]6x¿Nofpg n}hfg;d]t lgÈ]lwt gf]6x¿;fydf lnO{ lx8\g ] sfo{ :jo+df;fydf lnO{ lx8\g ] sfo{ :jo+df;fydf lnO{ lx8\g ] sfo{ :jo+df;fydf lnO{ lx8\g ] sfo{ :jo+df;fydf lnO{ lx8\g ] sfo{ :jo+dfs;"/hGo sfo{ ePsfn] ;f] s;"/dfs;"/hGo sfo{ ePsfn] ;f] s;"/dfs;"/hGo sfo{ ePsfn] ;f] s;"/dfs;"/hGo sfo{ ePsfn] ;f] s;"/dfs;"/hGo sfo{ ePsfn] ;f] s;"/dfcg ';Gwfg / sf/jfxL ug {cg ';Gwfg / sf/jfxL ug {cg ';Gwfg / sf/jfxL ug {cg ';Gwfg / sf/jfxL ug {cg ';Gwfg / sf/jfxL ug {clwsf/k | f Kt lgsfo /fhZjclwsf/k | f Kt lgsfo /fhZjclwsf/k | f Kt lgsfo /fhZjclwsf/k | f Kt lgsfo /fhZjclwsf/k | f Kt lgsfo /fhZjcg';Gwfg ljefun ] k |rlntcg';Gwfg ljefun ] k |rlntcg';Gwfg ljefun ] k |rlntcg';Gwfg ljefun ] k |rlntcg';Gwfg ljefun ] k |rlntsfg"gadf]hd w/f}6L dfuL d'2fsf]sfg"gadf]hd w/f}6L dfuL d'2fsf]sfg"gadf]hd w/f}6L dfuL d'2fsf]sfg"gadf]hd w/f}6L dfuL d'2fsf]sfg"gadf]hd w/f}6L dfuL d'2fsf]sf/jfxL ug]{ u/L ePsf] cfb]znfO{sf/jfxL ug]{ u/L ePsf] cfb]znfO{sf/jfxL ug]{ u/L ePsf] cfb]znfO{sf/jfxL ug]{ u/L ePsf] cfb]znfO{sf/jfxL ug]{ u/L ePsf] cfb]znfO{sfg"gljk/Lt eGg jf dfGg g;lsg] .sfg"gljk/Lt eGg jf dfGg g;lsg] .sfg"gljk/Lt eGg jf dfGg g;lsg] .sfg"gljk/Lt eGg jf dfGg g;lsg] .sfg"gljk/Lt eGg jf dfGg g;lsg] .

-k|s/0f g+=%_

lgj]bs tkm{af6M ljåfg clwjQmf /fdxl/ lqkf7LljkIfL tkm{af6M ljåfg pkGofoflwjQmf xl/k|;fb

/]UdLcjnlDat ghL/M;Da4 sfg"gM

cfb]zGof=bfdf ]b/k |;fb zdf { MGof=bfdf ]b/k |;fb zdf { MGof=bfdf ]b/k |;fb zdf { MGof=bfdf ]b/k |;fb zdf { MGof=bfdf ]b/k |;fb zdf { M g]kfnsf ]

cGtl/d ;+ljwfg, @)^# sf] wf/f !)& sf] pkwf/f-!_ / -@_ cGtu{t o; cbfntdf btf{ eO{ k]zePsf] k|:t't l/6lgj]bgsf] tYo Pj+ lg0F{oo;k|sf/ 5M

d lgj]bs g]kfnsf] gful/s x'" . dhb"/Lug{ d ef/t uO{ dhb"/L u/L ldlt @)^*.(.$df af"s]sf] ¿k}l8of gfsfaf6 g]kfn k|j]z u/]sf]dfdnfO{ Toxf" t}gfy k|x/Lx¿n] vfgtnf;L u/Ld}n] ef/tdf dhb"/L u/L sdfO{ NofPsf]ef=?=%)). / !))). b/sf gf]6x¿;d]t vf];Lhkmt u/] . ef=?=%)). / !))). b/sf gf]6x¿g]kfndf rngrNtLdf cfp"b}gg\ eGg] af/]df dnfO{yfxf hfgsf/L;d]t lyPg . To:tf gf]6x¿g]kfndf cj}w dflgG5g\ egL s'g} ;"rgf, af]8{,jf krf{ klg lgsflnPsf] dnfO{ hfgsf/L lyPg .;lhnf]sf] nflu dfq d}n] ef=?=!)). sf gf]6x¿ef/td} ;f6L ef=?=%)). / !))). sf gf]6x¿NofPsf] lyP" . o;/L daf6 ef=?=%)). / !))).sf gf]6x¿ ;fydf NofPsf] eGg] cleof]udfk|x/Ln] kqmfp u/L ldlt @)^*.(.% df /fhZjcg';Gwfg ljefudf a'́ fPkl5 ;f] ljefuaf6a/fdb ePsf ef=?=%)). b/sf yfg #($ /!)). b/sf yfg $% ;d ]t hDdfef=?=@,$@,))). sf] ;6xL b/adf]lhdsf] x'g]g]=?=#,*&,%^#. ljuf] sfod u/L ljuf]adf]lhdw/f}6L dfu ug]{ egL cfb]z ePsf]df d}n] ;f]w/f}6L a'́ fO{ xfn y'gfd'Qm ePsf] 5' .

ef=?=%)). / !))). sf gf]6x¿g]kfndf k|ltalGwt ug{ s'g} sfg"gL cfwf/ /x]ePsf] b]lvPsf] 5}g . To;}n] /fhZj cg';Gwfgljefuaf6 dnfO{ w/f}6L dfuL sf/jfxL ug]{ u/LePsf] cfb]zdf sfg"gL cfwf/ 5}g . t;y{ ;f]ljefusf] ldlt @)^*.(.% sf] cfb]zkrf{ ab/efuL

169169169169169

x'+bf pTk|]if0fsf] cfb]zåf/f ab/ ul/kfpFm . ;fy}d]/f] ;fyaf6 a/fdb u/L hkmt u/]sf] ef=?=%))./ !))). sf gf]6x¿ lagfzt{ lkmtf{ lbg' lbnfpg'egL k/dfb]z;d]t hf/L ul/kfpFm .

tTsfnLg >L % sf] ;/sf/ cy{dGqfnoaf6 @)%&.#.!@ df g]kfn /fhkqdfk|sflzt ;"rgfsf] klxnf] a' +bf -s_ sf]k|ltaGwfTds jfSof+zdf t/ ef=?=%)). b/sfgf]6 g]kfn clw/fHodf a}+lsª sf/f]jf/ / ;6xLgx'g] ePsf]n] o:tf d'b|fx¿ g]kfn clw/fHoleqNofpg jf aflx/ k7fpg ;d]t kfOg] 5}g egL;"rgf hf/L ePsf] /x]5 . ;f] ;"rgf ljb]zLljlgdo -lgoldt ug]{_ P]g, @)!( sf] bkmf %sf] ckJofVof u/L hf/L ul/Psf] /x]5 . g]kfnef/taLr hg:t/df ;DaGw /x]sf] cj:yf x'+bfnfvf}+ g]kfnL gful/sx¿ /f]huf/Lsf] nflu ef/tdfhfg] / dhb"/L u/L sdfPsf] gub;d]t g]kfnNofO{ hLljsf]kfh{g ug]{ oyfy{nfO{ /fHon] cgb]vfug{ ldNb}g . dhb"/L u/L NofPsf] ef=?=%)). /!))). sf gf]6x¿ cj}w egL hkmt ug]{ / pN6};hfo ug]{ jt{dfg Joj:yf lj8Dagfk"0F{ 5 .ctM oL ;a} tYonfO{ dgg\ u/L ef=?=%)). /!))). sf gf]6x¿sf] ;Daf]wg ug]{ u/L pko'Qmsfg"gL Joj:yf ug'{ egL ljkÔLx¿sf] gfp"dfk/dfb]znufot cGo pko'Qm cf1f cfb]z jfk"hL{ hf/L ul/kfpFm eGg];d]t Joxf]/fsf] ldlt@)^*.!!.!% sf] l/6 lgj]bg .

o;df s] s;f] ePsf] xf] < lgj]bssf]dfuadf]lhdsf] lsg hf/L x'g' gkg]{ xf] < cfb]zk|fKt ePsf ldltn] af6fsf] Dofbafx]s !% lbgleqlnlvt hjfkm k]z ug'{ egL ljkÔLx¿nfO{ ;"rgflbg' eGg] o; cbfntsf] ldlt @)^*.!!.!^ sf]cfb]z .

g]kfn /fhkq v08 %), ;+Vof–!!, ldlt@)%&.@.!@ df k|sflzt ;"rgf;DaGwL ljÈoljb]zL ljlgdo -lgoldt ug]{_ P]g, @)!( sf]

bkmf % ;"u afl´Psf] egL lgj]bsn] bfjL lng;Sg' ePsf] 5}g . ;f] P]gsf] bkmf %-!_ df s'g}JolQm kmd{, sDkgL jf ;+:yfn] a}+saf6 OhfhtkqglnO{ s'g} vf; lsl;dsf] g]kfnL d'b|f jf ljb]zLd'b|f g]kfn /fHosf] ;a} jf s'g} vf; OnfsfleqNofpg jf k7fpg gkfpg] u/L g]kfn ;/sf/n]g]kfn /fhkqdf ;"rgf k|sfzg u/L cfb]z hf/Lug{ ;Sg] Joj:yf 5 . ;f]xL Joj:yfcg';f/ g]kfn;/sf/af6 ef/tLo d'b|fsf ;DaGwdf hf/L ePsf]ldlt @)%&.#.!@ sf] ;"rgfnfO{ cGoyf eGg;lsg] cj:yf 5}g . ;f] ;"rgf s] s;/L;+ljwfgsf] wf/f !@, !* / !( ;"u afl´Psf] xf]/ To;af6 lgj]bssf] xsdf s] s;/L cf3ftk'u]sf] xf] eGg] af/]df lgj]bgdf s'g} s'/f pNn]vePsf] 5}g . ctM cfwf/xLg bfjL lnO{ btf{ePsf] l/6 lgj]bg vf/]h ul/kfpFm eGg];d]tk|wfgdGqL tyf dlGqkl/Èb\sf] sfof{nosf] tkm{af6k]z ePsf] lnlvthjfkm .

cy{ dGqfnosf] ldlt @)%&.#.!@ sf]g]kfn /fhkqdf k|sflzt ;"rgfsf] a'"bf g+=-s_sf] k|ltaGwfTds jfSof+zsf] t/ ef=?=%)).b/sf gf]6x¿ g]kfn clw/fHoe/df a}+lsª sf/f]jf// ;6xL gx'g] ePsf]n] o:tf d'b|fx¿ g]kfnclw/fHoleq Nofpg jf aflx/ k7fpg;d]t kfOg]5}g eGg] Joxf]/f ljb]zL ljlgdo -lgoldt ug]{_P]g, @)!( sf] bkmf % ;"u gafl´Psf] eGg]s'/fnfO{ lgj]bs :jo+dn] l/6df g} :jLsf/ u/]sf]b]lv"bf /fhZj cg';Gwfg ljefun] cfkm"nfO{ k|fKtP]g, lgodadf]lhdsf] clwsf/ k|of]u u/L u/]sf]sfdsf/jfxLnfO{ sfg"g;Ddt\ g} dfGg'kg]{ ePsf]n]k|:t't l/6lgj]bg vf/]h ul/kfpFm eGg];d]t cy{dGqfnosf] tkm{af6 k]z ePsf] lnlvthjfkm .

ljb]zL ljlgdo -lgodlt ug]{_ P]g @)!(sf] bkmf %-@_ n] lbPsf] clwsf/ k|of]u u/Lg]kfn ;/sf/n] @)%&.#.!@ sf] /fhkqdf ;"rgfk|sflzt u/L ef=?=%)). / !))). sf gf]6x¿



170170170170170

g]kfndf Nofpg / aflx/ k7fpg aGb]h nufPsf]5 . ;f]xL P]gsf] bkmf !@ n] lbPsf] clwsf/k|of]u u/L g]kfn /fi6« a}+ssf] ldlt @)%(.(.!(/ P]= ljb]zL ljlgdo Joj:yfkg ljefusf] kl/kq;+Vof $@) ldlt @)^#.!@.!! af6 ef=?=t:%)). / !))). sf gf]6x¿ v/Lb laqmLdfaGb]h nufOPsf] 5 . o;/L k|rlnt P]gn] lbPsf]clwsf/cGtu{t ;"rgf k|sflzt u/L sf/f]jf/ug{ k|ltaGw nufOPsf ef=?=%)). / !))).sf gf]6x¿ lgj]bssf] ;fyaf6 a/fdb ePsf]n]lhNnf k|x/L sfof{no, af"s]n] a/fdb ef=?=;lxtlgj]bsnfO{ o; ljefudf pkl:yt u/fPsf] /ljb]zL ljlgdo -lgoldt ug]{_ P]g, @)!(cGtu{tsf] s;"/df cg';Gwfg ug]{ clwsf/ o;ljefusf] dxflgb] {zs jf lghn] tf]s]sf]pkdxflgb]{zs jf lgb]{zsnfO{ ldlt @)%(.^.!sf] /fhkqaf6 k|bfg ePcg'¿k o; ljefusf]dxflgb]{zsaf6 lghnfO{ aofg u/fO{ P]gsf] bkmf!&-!)_ adf]lhd d'2f cg';Gwfgsf] nflu w/f}6Ldfu ePsf] xf] . o; ljefuaf6 ePsf] cfb]znfO{:jLsf/ u/L w/f}6 a'́ fO{ lgj]bs y'gfd'Qm ePkl5k|:t't l/6 lbPsf] x'+bf l/6 vf/]h x'g'kb{5 .k|rlnt P]gn] lbPsf] clwsf/cGtu{t hf/L ePsf;"rgf / kl/kqsf] pNn3+g ub}{ sfg"gljk/Ltsf]s;"/ ug]{ lgj]bsnfO{ ;DdfgLt cbfntsf]c;fwf/0F clwsf/Ô]qaf6 pkrf/ dfu ug]{ xsg/x]sf] x'+bf k|:t't l/6lgj]bg vf/]h x'g'kb{5eGg];d]t Joxf]/fsf] /fhZj cg';Gwfg ljefusf]tkm{af6 k]z ePsf] lnlvthjfkm .

lgodadf]lhd k]zL ;"rLdf r9L lg0F{ofy{k]z ePsf] k|:t't l/6 lgj]bgdf lgj]bssf tkm{af6ljåfg clwjQmf /fdxl/ lqkf7Ln] lgj]bs ;fdfGog]kfnL gufl/s x'g\.ef/tdf dhb"/L u/L :j]bzkms{bf cfkm"n] sdfPsf] ef=?=%)). / !))).sf gf]6x¿ lnO{ cfPsf]df TolQs} cfwf/df /fhZjcg';Gwfg ljefun] ef=?=hkmt u/L sf/jfxL

rnfPsf] 5 . hg:t/df ;DaGw ePsf] ef/tdfg]kfnL gful/sx¿ hfg] / cfpg] qmd :jfefljs¿kdf rln/xg] x' +bf cJofjxfl/s ¿kdfef=?=%)). / !))). sf gf]6x¿dfly k|ltaGwnufpg] / sf/jfxL rnfPsf] sf/0Fn] lgj]bssf]/f]huf/Lsf] xsdf g} cf3ft k'u]sf] 5 . ctM/fhZj cg';Gwfg ljefusf] ldlt @)^*.(.% sf]cfb]z krf{;d]t ab/ u/L lgj]bsaf6 a/fdbePsf d'b|fx¿ lgj]sbnfO{ g} lkmtf{ lbg' eGg]k/dfb]z;d]t hf/L x'g'kb{5 egL / ljkÔLk|wfgdGqL tyf dlGqkl/Èb\sf] sfof{no;d]tsf]tkm{af6 ljåfg pkGofoflwjQmf xl/k|;fb /]UdLn]ljb]zL ljlgdo lgoldt ug]{ P]gn] lbPsf] clwsf/k|of]u u/L cy{ dGqfnoaf6 /fhkqdf ;"rgfk|sflzt u/L ef=?=%)). / !))). sf gf]6x¿g]kfndf Nofpg / g]kfn aflx/ n}hfg jf sf/f]jf/ug{df k|ltaGw nufOPsf] xf] . lgj]bsn] To:tf]k|ltalGwt gf]6x¿ ;fydf lnO{ cfPsf] cj:yfdfk|x/Ln] gf]6;lxt kqmfp u/L clwsf/k|fKt lgsfo/fhZj cg';Gwfg ljefuaf6 sf/jfxLrnfOPsf]df s'g} sfg"gL q'l6 5}g . ctM l/6lgj]bg vf/]h ul/kfpFm eGg];d]t ax; ug'{eof] .

pko'Qm adf]lhdsf] ax;;d]t ;'gLldl;n cWoog u/L lg0F{otkm{ ljrf/ ubf{ k|:t'tl/6 lgj]bgdf lgj]bssf] dfuadf]lhdsf] cfb]zhf/L x'g ;Sg] xf] xf]Og eGg] ljÈodf lg0F{oug'{kg]{ b]lvof] .

@= ef/tdf dhb"/L u/L g]kfn kms]{/cfp"bf ;fydf NofPsf] ef=?= %)). / !))).sf gf]6x¿ k|x/Ln] a/fdb u/L /fhZj cg';Gwfgljefudf a'́ fPsf] / ;f] ljefun] ;f] ;DaGwdfcg';Gwfg ubf{ w/f}6L dfUg] u/L cfb]z u/]sf]eGb} /fhZj cg';Gwfg ljefusf] ldlt @)^*.(.%sf] cfb]znfO{ ab/ ul/kfpFm eGg] dfubfjL /fvLk|:t't l/6 lgj]bg btf{ ePsf] b]lvof] . ljb]zLljlgdo -lgoldt ug]{_ P]g, @)!( sf] bkmf %

171171171171171

sf] pkbkmf -!_ df s'g} JolQm, kmd{, sDkgL jf;+:yfn] a}+saf6 Ohfhtkq glnO{ s'g} vf;lsl;dsf] g]kfnL d'b|f jf ljb]zL d'b|f g]kfnsf];a} jf s'g} vf; Onfsfleq Nofpg jf k7fpggkfpg] u/L g]kfn ;/sf/n] g]kfn /fhkqdf;"rgf k|sfzg u/L cfb]z hf/L ug{ ;Sg]5 eGg]Joj:yf /x]sf] b]lvG5 . ;fy} bkmf !& df P]g jfo; P]gcGtu{t ag]sf] lgod jf ;f]cGtu{thf/L ePsf] cfb]z jf lgb]{zg jf kl/kq jf;"rgf jf a}+sn] tf]lslbPsf] s'g} k|lqmofljk/Lts'g} JolQmn] s'g} sfd u/]df ;f] sfd u/]afktePsf] s;"/;"u ;DalGwt ljb]zL ljlgdo hkmtu/L To:tf] JolQmnfO{ ljuf]adf]lhdsf] h/Ljfgfb]lvljuf]sf] tLg u'0Ff;Dd yk h/Ljfgf x'g]5 eGg];hfo;DaGwL Joj:yf klg ul/Psf] b]lvG5 .

#= P]gsf] bkmf %-!_ sf] clwsf/ k|of]uu/L tTsfnLg >L % sf] ;/sf/, xfn g]kfn;/sf/, cy{ dGqfnoaf6 ldlt @)%&.#.!@ sf]g]kfn /fhkq v08 %), ;+Vof !! df k|sflzt;"rgfsf] a'"bf g+= -s_ sf] k|ltaGwfTds jfSof+zdft/ ef=?= %)). b/sf gf]6 g]kfn clw/fHodfa}+lsª sf/f]jf/ / ;6xL gx'g] ePsf]n] o:tfd'b|fx¿ g]kfn clw/fHoleq Nofpg jf aflx/k7fpg;d]t kfOg] 5}g eGg] Joj:yf u/Lef=?=%)). b/sf] gf]6nfO{ g]kfnleq sf/f]jf/ug{, leq\ofpg / g]kfnaf6 aflx/ k7fpg;d]tgkfOg] u/L lgÈ]lwt u/]sf] b]lvG5 . ;f]xL P]gsf]bkmf !@ df ;f] P]gdf n]lvPsf s'/fx¿ sfof{lGjtug{sf] nflu cfjZostfcg';f/ ;do ;dodfg]kfn /fi6« a}+sn] lgb]{zgx¿ lbg jf ljlgodagfpg jf cfb]z jf ;"rgf hf/L ug{ ;Sg] ykJoj:yf /x]sf] / ;f]xL clwsf/ k|of]u u/L g]kfn/fi6« a}+s, s]Gb|Lo sfof{no, ljb]zL ljlgdoJoj:yfkg ljefusf] kl/kq ;+Vof–$@) ldlt@)^#.!@.!! sf] kl/kqaf6 ef=?=%)). / !))).b/sf gf]6x¿sf] v/Lb laqmLdf aGb]h nufPsf]

eGg] b]lvG5 . o;/L lgj]bssf] ;fyaf6 a/fdbePsf ef=?=%)). / !))). b/sf gf]6x¿ ljb]zLljlgdo -lgoldt ug]{_ P]g, @)!( sf] bkmf %-!_ / bkmf !@ cGtu{t g]kfn ;/sf/, cy{dGqfnoaf6 k|sflzt ;"rgf tyf g]kfn /fi6«a}+ssf] kl/kq;d]t adf]lhd g]kfnleq sf/f]jf/ug{, ;6xL ug{ jf Nofpg jf n}hfg;d]t gkfpg]u/L k|ltalGwt ul//x]sf] s'/fdf s'g} ljjfbb]lv"b}g . lgj]bsn] cfkm\gf] l/6 lgj]bgdfef=?=%)). / !,))). b/sf afx]s cGoef=?=;d]t a/fdb u/L hkmt u/]sf] eGg ;s]sf]kfO"b}g .

$= ljb]zL ljlgdo -lgoldt ug]{_ P]g,@)!( cGtu{t s;"/ dflgg] sfo{sf] cg';Gwfgug{ /fhZj cg';Gwfg ljefunfO{ clwsf/;'lDkPsf] s'/f ldlt @)%(.^.! sf] /fhkqaf6b]lvG5 . ;f]xL clwsf/cGtu{t lgj]bssf] ;fyaf6a/fdb ePsf ef=?=%)). / !))). b/sf cj}wgf]6x¿sf] af/]df /fhZj cg';Gwfg ljefuaf6cg';Gwfg eO{ sf/jfxL rNbf ldlt @)^*.(.%df ;f] ljefusf] dxflgb]{zsn] lgj]bsaf6 a/fdbePsf] ef=?=%)). b/sf #($ yfg / !))).b/sf $% yfg;d]t hDdf ef=?=@,$@,))). sf];6xL b/n] x'g] g]=?=#,*&,%^#. ljuf] sfod u/Lljuf] a/fj/sf] w/f}6L dfu ug]{ u/L cfb]z u/]sf]ldl;n ;+nUg cfb]zsf] k|ltlnlkaf6 b]lvG5 .;f] cfb]znfO{ :jLsf/ u/L w/f}6L;d]t a'́ fO{y'gfd'Qm ePkl5 lgj]bsn] k|:t't l/6 lgj]bgdfkm{t\/fhZj cg';Gwfg ljefusf] pQm ldlt @)^*.(.%sf] cfb]z tyf cy{ dGqfnoaf6 ldlt @)%&.#.!@df k|sflzt ;"rgf;d]t ab/ ul/kfpFm eGg]bfjL lnPsf] b]lvG5 .

%= ljb]zL ljlgdo -lgoldt ug]{_ P]g,@)!( sf] bkmf %n] s'g} k|sf/sf] ljb]zL d'b|fnfO{g]kfnleq Nofpg, aflx/ n}hfg jf a}+lsªsf/f]jf/;d]t ug{ gkfpg] u/L lgÈ]w ug]{ u/L



172172172172172

;"rgf k|sflzt ug{;Sg] clwsf/ g]kfn;/sf/nfO{ lbPsf]5 eg] bkmf !@n] g]kfn /fi6«a}+snfO{;d]t ;f]xL k|s[ltsf] clwsf/ k|bfg u/]sf]b]lvPsf] 5 . ;f]xL clwsf/ k|of]u u/L cy{dGqfnon] ldlt @)%&.#.!@ df ;"rgf k|sflztu/L ef=?=%)). b/sf gf]6sf] sf/f]jf/df nufPsf]k|ltaGwnfO{ sfg"gljk/Lt eGg ldn]g . ;fy}g]kfn /fi6« a}+ssf] ldlt @)^#.!@.!! sf] kl/kqaf6klg ef=? %)). / !))). b/sf gf]6x¿ ;6xLjf sf/f]jf/ ug{ jf g]kfndf Nofpg n}hfg;d]tlgÈ]lwt u/]sf] cj:yfdf To:tf lgÈ]lwt gf]6x¿;fydf lnO{ lx8\g] sfo{ :joddf s;"/hGo sfo{eGg] b]lvG5 . ctM ;f] s;"/df cg';Gwfg /sf/jfxL ug{ clwsf/k|fKt lgsfo /fhZjcg';Gwfg ljefusf] dxflgb]{zsn] k|rlntsfg"gadf]hd lgj]bs;"u w/f}6L dfuL d'2fsf]sf/jfxL ug]{ u/L ePsf] cfb]znfO{ sfg"gljk/LteGg jf dfGg ;lsb}g .

^= t;y{ dfly ljj]rgf ul/Psf cfwf/sf/0F;d]taf6 cy{ dGqfnoaf6 ldlt@)%&.#.!@sf] g]kfn /fhkqdf k|sflzt ;"rgftyf /fhZj cg';Gwfg ljefuaf6 @)^*.(.%df ePsf] cfb]z;d]t ab/ x'g;Sg] cj:yf gb]lv"bfk|:t't l/6 lgj]bg vf/]h x'g] 7x5{ . bfo/Lsf]nut s6[f u/L ldl;n lgodadf]lhd a'́ fO{lbg" .


Gof=sNof0f >]i7Gof=k|sfz j:tL

Olt ;+jt\ @)^( ;fn d+l;/ @* ut] /f]h % z'ed\====Ohnf; clws[t -pk ;lrj_M ljb'/ sf]O/fnf

lg0f{o g+=*(%% lg0f{o g+=*(%% lg0f{o g+=*(%% lg0f{o g+=*(%% lg0f{o g+=*(%%

;jf{]Rr cbfnt, k"0f{ Ohnf;dfggLo GofofwLz >L /fds'df/ k|;fb zfxdfggLo GofofwLz >L j}Bgfy pkfWofodfggLo GofofwLz >L sdngf/fo0f bf;

d'2f g+=)^&–CF–))@), ))@!km};nf ldltM @)^(.%.@!.%

d'2f M— st{Jo Hofg .

k'g/fj]bs k|ltjfbLM sf7df8f}F lhNnf, sf=d=g=kf=j8f g+=#) sdnfIfL c;g j:g] pk]Gb| zfSo

lj?4ljkIfL jfbLM;Dk"0f{/Tg t'nfw/sf] hfx]/Ln] g]kfn

;/sf/

k'g/fj]bs jfbLM ;Dk"0f{/Tg t'nfw/sf] hfx]/Ln]g]kfn ;/sf/

lj?4ljkIfL k|ltjfbLM sf7df8f}F lhNnf, sf=d=g=kf=j8f

g+=#) sdnfIfL c;g j:g] pk]Gb| zfSo

;+o'Qm Ohnf;df km};nf ug]{ M–df=Gof=>L tflx/ cnL cG;f/Ldf=Gof=>L e/t/fh pk|]tL

§ s'¿k cg'xf/sf] 5fnf ldnfpgsf nfluul/Psf ] ck/ ]zgl;t ;DalGwtPg]:y]l;of ;d]tsf] cf}iflwx¿sf sf/0fd[To' ePsf] cj:yfdf To;nfO{ Psdlxgfcufl8 P;L8 kmfn]sf] jf/bft;Fuhf]8L ;f]xL hl/ofaf6 d[To' ePsf] eGg]lgisif{df k'Ug g;lsg] .

-k|s/0f g+=^_&&&&&

173173173173173

§ s'¿ktfnfO{ 7Ls kfg]{ p2]Zon] u/]u/fPsf] ck/]zgsf] qmddf ePsf] d[To'sf];DaGw d[To' x'g' eGbf Ps dlxgf cufj}P;L8 kmflnPsf] 36gf;Fu hf]8]/ bf]ifL/ d[To'sf] sf/s agfpg' cf}lrTok"0f{,ts{;+ut, sfg"g;Ddt / Gofok"0f{ gx'g] .

-k|s/0f g+=*_§ P;L8sf] k|efj jf sf/0faf6 d[To' ePsf]

geO{ ck/]zgsf] qmddf k|of]u ePsf]"ljleGg cf}iflwsf] Side Effect jf Toxic

Effect tyf e]lG6n]6/n] :jf; gnLdf;'hg ePsf] sf/0f ;d]taf6 d[To' ePsf]ÆeGg] ljz]if1 lrlsT;sx¿sf] k|ltj]bg/ cbfntdf ePsf] askq ;d]taf6b]lvPsf] cj:yfdf Hofg ;DaGwLsf] !$g+= cg';f/ ;hfo ug{ gldNg] .

-k|s/0f g+=!)_§ ;fwf/0f nf7L, 9'Ëf, nft d'Ssfsf] k|xf/

gu/L P;L8 cg'xf/df kmfn]sf] / lghpkrf/ u/L lgsf] eO{ l8:rfh{ e};s]kl5cg'xf/sf] hn]sf] efu k"j{ ¿kdf Nofpg]k|of;:j¿k ck/]zg ubf{ P]gn] tf]s]sf];dofjlw @! lbgkl5 d[To' ePsfn]Hofg ;DaGwLsf] !$ g+= cg';f/s'6kL6sf] 36gfaf6 ynf k/]sf] gePdfjf P]gn] tf]s]sf] @! lbgkl5 d/]sf]cj:yfdf Hofg ;DaGwL dxncGtu{tHofg df/]sf] egL ;hfo ug{ sfg"gcg's"ngx'g] .

-k|s/0f g+=!!_

k'g/fj]bs k|ltjfbL tkm{af6M ljåfg jl/i7clwjQmf zDe' yfkf tyf ljåfgclwjQmfx¿ 1fg/Tg zfSo tyf jNnej:g]t

k'g/fj]bs jfbL tk{maf6M ljåfg pkGofoflwjQmfxl/k|;fb /]UdL

cjnlDat ghL/M;Da4 sfg"gM§ Hofg ;DaGwL dxnsf] *, (, !), !!,

!@, !#-#_, !$ g++=§ ;jf]{Rr cbfnt lgodfjnL @)$( sf]

lgod #-!_-s_

km};nfGof=/fds'df/ k|;fb zfxM o; cbfntsf]

;+o'Qm Ohnf;af6 /fojfemL km};nf eO{ ;jf]{Rrcbfnt lgodfjnL @)$( sf] lgod #-!_-s_adf]lhd k]z x'g cfPsf]] k|:t't d'2fsf] ;+lIfKttYo Pj+ 7x/ o; k|sf/ 5M

;[hg jL/ s+;fsf/nfO{ pk]Gb| zfSon]ldlt @)%(.!!.^ ut] k"j{ l/;OjL lnO{ cg'xf/dfP;L8 vGofO{ s'¿k agfO{ pkrf/sf] l;nl;nfdfck/]zg ug{sf nflu ;jf{Ë :jf:Yo s]Gb| nu]sf]dfck/]zg x'g gkfO{ ;f]xL rf]6 kL8fsf] sf/0faf6d[To' ePsf]n] sfg"gadf]lhd Hofg;DaGwLdxncg';f/ xb};Dd sf/jfxL ul/kfpFm eGg];Dk"0f{/Tg t'nfw/sf] hfx]/L b/vf:t .

nfzsf] 6fpsf]df skfn geO{ k"/}vf}l/Psf], d[tssf] sGr6 tkm{ b'O{ O~rL nfdf]bfu ePsf], 6fpsf]sf] efudf ! O~r nfdf] 3fpePsf], afofF ufnfdf cfFvfd'lg 5fnf k"/} sfnf]ePsf], 5ftLb]lv 3fF6L lrpF8f];Ddsf] efu k"/}5fnf hnL sfnf] ePsf] 5ftLsf] 5fnf hn]sf] //ut cfPsf], lt3|fdfly k"/} 5fnf sfnf] ePsf]eGg] nf; k|s[lt d'r'Nsf .

d]/f] Zj]tf t'nfw/;Fu k|]d ;DaGw e}ljjfx k|foM lglZrt\ e} Zj]tfsf] cfdfj'jfn];[hg jL/ s+;fsf/;Fu lghsf] ljjfx kSsf u/Llbg' ePsf] s'/f yfxf kfO{ ;[hgjL/nfO{ ;DemfO{a'emfO{ ubf{ klg lghn] jf:tf gu/]sf] x'Fbf lghnfO{

*(%% –*(%% –*(%% –*(%% –*(%% – pk]Gb| zfSo lj=g]kfn ;/sf/


174174174174174

st{Jo u/L dfg{] of]hgf agfO{ ldlt @)%(.!!.^df lghnfO{ Zj]tfsf] af/]df s'/f 5 egL af]nfO{sf]7fdf n'sfO{ /fv]sf] ;'g, rfFbL agfpg k|of]ux'g] t]hfa -P;L8_ sf] lzzLn] lghsf] cg'xf/df5\ofkL s'6kL6 u/L tTsfn gd/L 3fO{t] dfqeO{ jL/ c:ktfndf pkrf/ u/fO{ kl5 pkrf/sf]qmddf ;jf{Ë gl;{ª xf]ddf egf{ ePsf]df ;f]xLrf]6 kL8fn] d[To' ePsf] eGg] ;d]t pk]Gb| zfSosf]cg';Gwfgsf] qmddf aofg .

pk]Gb| zfSon] 5\ofk]sf] P;L8sf] rf]6kL8fn] ;[hg jL/ s+;fsf/sf] d[To' ePsf] s'/fdfljZjf; nfU5 eGg] ;d]t Joxf]/fsf] nId0fjh|frfo{sf] sfuh .

k"j{ l/;OjLn] 3fts t]hfa 5\ofkL ;Vt3fO{t] agfO{ jL/ c:ktfndf pkrf/ eO{ k'gM;jf{Ë :jf:Yo ;bgdf egf{ ul/Psf]df lghsf];f]xL lbg t]hfasf] rf]6 kL8fn] d[To' ePsf] s'/f;'gL yfxf kfPsf] ljZjf; nfU5 eGg] ;d]tj'lemPsf k|of >]i7, kjg >]i7sf] sfuh .

k|ltjfbL pk]Gb| zfSon] Hofg dfg{] p2]Zon]P;L8 -t]hfa_ vGofPsf] / s'6kL6 ;d]t u/]sf];f]xL rf]6 kL8faf6 ;+j]bgzLn cËdf uDeL/ c;/k/L ynf k/L pkrf/fy{ jL/ c:ktfn Pj+ ;jf{Ëgl;{ª xf]ddf pkrf/sf] qmddf d[To' ePsf] x'FbfHofg ;DaGwL dxnsf] * g+=jlv{nfk P]=sf] ! g++=tyf !#-#_ sf] s;"/ u/]sf] b]lv+bf xb};Dd ;hfFoul/kfpFm eGg] ;d]t Joxf]/fsf] cleof]u kq .

d}n] d[tsnfO{ P;L8 5sL{ s'6kL6 u/]sf]xf]Og dnfO{ xfg]sf] P;L8 d}n] 5]Sbf d]/f] xftdf/ jf]tnaf6 pl5l§P/ d[tsnfO{ nfUg uPsf] xf]eGg] ;d]t Joxf]/fsf] k|ltjfbL pk]Gb| zfSon]cbfntdf u/]sf]] aofg .

kLl8tsf] 3fF6L / 5ftLsf 3fpx¿ lgsf]gePsf]n] j]xf]z e} pkrf/sf] qmddf d[To' ePsf]xf] eGg] ;d]t Joxf]/fsf] ;jf{Ë :jf:Yo ;bgsf8f=gf/fo0f uf]ljGb cdfTosf] askq .

pk]Gb|sf] st{Joaf6 d[To' ePsf] eP cl3g} d[To' x'g' kb{Yof] eGg] Joxf]/fsf] k|ltjfbLsf;fIfL pd]z dx{hgsf] askq .

;[hg jL/ s+;fsf/nfO{ pk]Gb| zfSon]P;L8 5s{]sf]n] d[To'' ePsf] xf] egL hfx]/jfnf;Dk"0f{ /Tg t'nfw/sf] askq .

d[tsnfO{ /fd|f] cj:yfdf gcfO{ l8:rfh{ul/Fb}g . l8:rfh{ ubf{ lghsf] cj:yf /fd|f] lyof]eGg] ;d]t Joxf]/fsf] jL/ c:ktfnsf] 8f=s]zjbf; hf]zLsf] askq .

k | :t 't d '2 fdf d [tssf ] d [ To ' 'Hofg;DaGwLsf] * g++= df pNn]v ePcg';f/d[tsnfO{ k|ltjfbLn] s'g} cË efRg] l5Gg] u/Lxfg] s'6]sf] cj:yf / To;af6 3fO{t] eO{ ynfk/L lgsf] geO{ d[To' ePsf] cj:yf ljBdfg/x]sf] kfO{b}g . jL/ c:ktfnaf6 l8:rfh{ ePkl5P;L8af6 hn]/ v'lDrPsf] 5fnfx¿sf] ck/]zgu/L ldnfpg] qmddf lgh a]xf]z ul/Fbfsf] cj:yfdfldlt @)%(.!@.* df d[To' ePsf] k|df0fx¿af6k|dfl0ft ePsf]n] Hofg;DaGwLsf] * g+= sf] cj:yfk/L d[tssf] d[To' ePsf] gx'Fbf k|ltjfbLn] cleof]ubfjLaf6 ;kmfO kfpg] 7x5{ eGg] ;d]t Joxf]/fsf]sf7df8f}F+ lhNnf cbfntsf] ldlt @)^).!!.@*sf] km};nf .

d[ts ;[hgnfO{ dfg{] p2]Zon] d[tssf]z/L/df t]hfa xfnL 8f]/Ln] 3fF6Ldf s;L dfg{vf]Hbf d[ts ToxFfaf6 efuL hfx]/jfnfsf] k;ndfk'uL ToxFfaf6 pkrf/sf] nflu jL/ c:ktfndfpkrf/ ;d]t eO;s]kl5 l8:rfh{ eO{k'''gMpkrf/sf] nflu ;jf{Ë :jf:Yo ;bgdf pkrf/ubf{ ub{} d[To' ePsf] k|i6 x'Fbf klg z'?n] ;kmfOlbPsf] ldn]g, cleof]u bfjLadf]lhd ;hfoul/kfpFm eGg] ;d]t Joxf]/fsf] jfbL g]kfn;/sf/sf] k'g/fj]bgkq .

d[tsnfO{ cg'xf/df t]hfa 5\ofkL dfg{]of]hgf agfPsf] egL clwsf/ k|fKt clwsf/L

175175175175175

;dIf ;fljt eO{ aofg u/]sf] / P;L8 t]hfasf]hngsf] pkrf/ x'Fbfx'Fb}sf] cj:yfdf c:ktfndfd[To' ePsf] eGg] b]lvg cfPsf] l:yltdfk|ltjfbLnfO{ ;kmfO lbg] 7x¥ofPsf] z'? sf7df8f}+lhNnf cbfntsf] O{G;fkm km/s kg{ ;Sg] b]lvFbfk|ToyL{nfO{ 5nkmnsf] nflu ljkIfLnfO{ lemsfO{cfP kl5 jf Dofb gf3]kl5 k]z ug'{ eGg]k'g/fj]bg cbfntsf] cfb]z .

Hofg ;DaGwLsf] !#-#_ g+= adf]lhdsf]cleof]u bfjL cfslif{t geO{ P]=sf] !$ g+= cfslif{tx'g] x'Fbf k|ltjfbL pk]Gb| zfSonfO{ d'n'sL P]gHofg ;DaGwL dxnsf] !$ g+= adf]lhd !) jif{s}b x'g] 7x5{ . cleof]u bfjLaf6 ;kmfO lbg]7x¥ofPsf] z'? sf7df8f}+ lhNNff cbfntsf] ldlt@)^).!!.@* sf] km};nf pN6L x'G5 eGg] ;d]tsf]k'g/fj]bg cbfnt, kf6gsf] @)^$.#.#@ sf]km};nf .

k|ltjfbLn] cfˆgf] k|]ldsfsf] ljjfxd[ts;Fu x'g] lglZrt\ ePkl5 ;f]xL l/;OjLsfsf/0f d[tsnfO{ dfg{] p2]Zo lnO{ cfkm"n] n'sfO{/fv]sf] P;L8 d[tssf] z/L/df 5\ofk]sf] /To;kl5 s'6kL6 ;d]t u/]sf] tYodf ;xdteO{ aofg u/]sf 5g\ . jf/bft k|ltjfbLs} 3/sf]7fdf ePsf] / t]hfa h:tf] kbfYf{ ;lhnf] ;Fu;a}n] b]Vg 5'g ;lsg] 7fpFdf g/flvg] ePsf] t/d[tsnfO{ pQm t]hfaaf6} 3fO{t] agfO{ k6sk6sk|xf/ u/L s'6kL6 u/]sf]] tYo 3fO{t]sf] hfFr s]zkmf/fd , t]hfa a/fdb ePsf] a/fdbL d'r'Nsfaf6;d]t k'li6 eO{ k|ltjfbLsf] dfg{] dg;fo :ki6tMb]lvO/x]sf] cj:yfdf dfg{] dg;fo gePsf] egLcfTdut ¿kdf lnOPsf] cfwf/ :jLsf/ of]Uo5}g\ . k|ltjfbLn] n'sfO{ l5kfO{ /fv]sf] P;L8n]5\ofk]sf] tYodf ljjfb x'g] cj:yf 5}g . o:tf]cj:yfdf k|ltjfbLnfO{ cleof]u bfjL adf]lhd;hfo gu/L Hofg;DaGwLsf] !$ g+= adf]lhdsf]s:f"/ 7x/ u/L ePsf] k'g/fj]bg cbfnt kf6gsf]

km};nf q'l6k"0f{ ePsf]n] pQm km};nf ;f] xb;Ddab/ u/L k|ltjfbLnfO{ cleof]u bfjLadf]lhd;hfo ul/kfpFm eGg] ;d]tsf] jfbL g]kfn;/sf/sf] o; cbfntdf k/]sf] k'g/fj]bg kq .

ldlt @)%(.!!.^ df ePsf ]jf/bftkZrft\ P]gsf] Dofb @! lbgleq d[To'geO{ @% cf}+ lbg ldlt @)%(.!!.#) df lgh;[hgjL/ s+zfsf/ jL/ c:ktfnaf6 l8:rfh{eO{ 3/ uPsf] / To;kl5 & lbg 3/df a;Lcf7f}+ lbgsf lbg ljxfg ;jf{Ë :jf:Yo ;bgdfcfˆgf] v'zLn] egf{ ePsf] ldl;n ;+nUgsfuhftx¿af6 b]lvG5 . o:tf] cj:yfdf Sulfuric

Acid sf] hngs} sf/0faf6 P]gsf] Dofbleq lghsf]d[To' ePsf] geO{ ck/]zgsf] qmddf d[To' ePsf]eGg] ;jf{Ë :jf:Yo ;bgsf] ldlt @)%(.!@.*sf ] Admission and summary / k |x/Ln ]cg';Gwfgsf qmddf ;f]w]sf k|Zgsf hjfkmdflbPsf] ldlt @)^).!.!& r=g+=@)# sf] kqaf6:ki6 ePsf] 5 eg] ;f] c:ktfnsf cWoIf8f=uf]ljGb cdfTon] sf7df8f}F lhNnf cbfntdfu/]sf] askqsf] ;jfn hjfkmaf6 ;d]t ;f]tYo k'li6 ePsf] 5 . cfˆgf] v'zLn] pkrf/u/fpFbf 8fS6/sf] nfk/jfxLn] d[To' eO{ d[To'sf]hfFrdf Cause of Death g} km/s kg{ uPsf]cj:yfdf eljtJo e} lgh ;[hg jL/ s+;fsf/sf]d[To' ePsf] ;+nUg ldl;ndf /x]sf] k|df0fn] k|ToIf¿kdf af]ln/x]sf] cj:yfdf d k'g/fj]bsk|ltjfbLnfO{ sf7df8f}F lhNnf cbfntaf6 ;kmfOlbg] u/L ePsf] z'? sf7df8f}F lhNnf cbfntsf]km};nf pN6L u/L d'n'sL P]g Hofg ;DaGwLdxnsf] !$ g+=adf]lhd s}b x'g] 7x¥ofO{ k'g/fj]bgcbfntaf6 ePsf] km};nf tYo, sfg"g /l;4fGtsf cfwf/df q'l6k"0f{ x'Fbf ab/ u/L sf7df8f}FlhNnf cbfntsf] z'? km};nf ;b/ ul/kfpFmeGg] k|ltjfbLsf] o; cbfntdf k/]sf] k'g/fj]bgkq .



176176176176176

k|:t't d'2fdf b'j} kIfaf6 k'g/fj]bgk/]sf] b]lv+bf jfbLaf6 k/]sf] k'g/fj]bg ;DaGwdfk|ltjfbLnfO{ hfgsf/L u/fO{ / k|ltjfbLaf6 k/]sf]k 'g/fj]bg ;DaGwdf dxfGofoflwjQmfsf ]sfof{nonfO{ hfgsf/L lbO{ lgodfg';f/ k]z ug'{eGg]]] o; cbfntsf] ldlt @)^^.!.^ sf] cfb]z .k|ltjfbLn] P;L8 kmfn]sf] tYo;Dd :yflkt ePsf]ePklg P;L8 kmfn]af6 ePsf] zf/Ll/s Ifltsf];Gbe{df bfjL geO{ ;f]xL jf/bftnfO{ st{AoHofgsf] jf/bftsf] ;+1f lbO{ k|:t't cleof]ukqbflvn ul/Psf] kfOG5 . t/ P;L8sf] sf/0f dg]{;[hgjL/sf] d[To' gePsf] / oL k|ltjfbLn] Hofgdfg]{ s;"/ u/]sf] k|dfl0ft x'g g;s]sf]n] lghnfO{bfjLcg';f/ jf Hofg ;DaGwLsf] !$ g+= cg';f/;hfo ug{ klg ldn]g . t;y{ Hofg ;DaGwLsf]!$g+= cg'';f/ k|ltjfbL pk]Gb| zfSonfO{ !) jif{s}b ;hfo ug{] u/]sf] k'g/fj]bg cbfnt kf6gsf]km};nf gldn]sf]n] pN6L eO{ k|ltjfbLn] ;kmfOkfpg] 7x5{ eGg] dfggLo GofofwLz >L tflx/cnL cG;f/Lsf] /fo .oL k|ltjfbLn] d[tssf] d'vdf t]hfa (Acid) kmfn]sf]tYo :yflkt ePsf] / d[tsnfO{ dg;fok"j{st]hfa (Acid) d'vdf xfn]sf] sf/0f ;f]xL 3fprf]6nfO{ pkrf/ ug]{ qmddf d[To' ePsf]36gfqmdx¿n] l;nl;n]jf/ ¿kdf k'li6 u/L/x]sf] x'Fbf k|ltjfbLn] tTsfn p7]sf] l/;sf]cfj]udf t]hfa -Acid_ d'vdf 5\ofk]sf] sf/0fn];f]xL rf]6sf] kL8faf6 d[tssf] d[To' ePsf] b]lvbfHofg ;DaGwL dxnsf]] !$ g+= adf]lhd !) jif{s}b x'g] 7x¥ofO{ ePsf] k'g/fj]bg cbfnt kf6gsf]km};nf ldn]s} b]lvFbf ;b/ x'g] 7x5{ eGg] dfggLoGofofwLz >L e/t/fh pk|]tLsf] /fo .lgodadf]lhd cfhsf] k]zL ;"rLdf r9L k]z x'gcfPsf] k|:t't d'2fdf k'g/fj]bs k|ltjfbLsf] tkm{af6pkl:yt ljåfg jl/i7 clwjQmf zDe' yfkf tyfclwjQmfx¿ 1fg/Tg zfSo tyf jNne j:g]tn]

ldlt @)%(.!!.^ sf] jf/bftkZrft\ d[ts jL/c:ktfndf egf{ eO{ pkrf/ u/fO{ @)%(.!!.#)df jL/ c:ktfnaf6 l8:rfh{ ePsf] b]lvG5 .jL/ c:ktfnn] yk pkrf/sf] nflu cGoc:ktfndf l;kmfl/z u/]sf] cj:yf geO{ 8«]l;Ëug{ ;f]xL c:ktfndf cfpg] eg]sf] cj:yf 5 .t/ d[tssf] d[To' lghL c:ktfndf ck/]zgubf{ub{}sf] cj:yfdf ldlt @)%(.!@.* df ePsf]: kfOG5 . lghsf] d[To'sf] sf/0f klg P;L8geO{ km/s kg{ uPsf] cj:yf 5 ;f] s'/f ;DalGwt8fS6/x¿sf] askqaf6 klg k'li6 ePsf] 5 .o; l:yltdf k|ltjfbLnfO{ ;hfo ug]{ u/]sf]k'g/fj]bg cbfntsf] km};nf q'l6k"0f{ x' Fbfk|ltjfbLnfO{ cleof]u bfjLaf6 ;kmfO lbg] u/]sf]dfggLo GofofwLz tflx/ cln cG;f/Lsf] /fo;b/ x'g'k5{ egL ax; ug'{eof] . csf{ k'g/fj]bsjfbL g]kfn ;/sf/sf] tk{maf6 pkl:yt ljåfgpkGofoflwjQmf xl/k|;fb /]UdLn] k|ltjfbLn]d[tsnfO{ dfg{] p2]]Zo /fvL P;L8 xfnL s'¿kagfPsf] tYodf ljjfb 5}g . k|ltjfbLn] P;L8xfg]sf] sf/0faf6 kLl8t c:ktfndf pkrf/fy{egf{ ePsf] / k"0f{ :j:y x'g g;s]sf] cj:yfdflghsf] d[To' ePsf]n] k'g/fj]bg cbfntsf] km};nf;b/ ug]{ u/]sf] dfggLo GofofwLz e/t/fhpk|]tLsf] /fo ;b/ x'g' k5{ egL jx; ug'{eof] .ljåfg sfg"g Joj;foLx¿sf] jx; ;'gLk'g/fj]bgkq;lxtsf] ldl;n cWoog u/L o;cbfntsf] ;+o'Qm Ohnf;sf dfggLo GofofwLztflx/ cnL cG;f/L tyf dfggLo GofofwLze/t/fh pk|]tLdWo] s;sf] /fo ;b/ x'g] xf] jfsfg"gadf]lhd s] x'g'kg]{ xf] eGg] ;DaGwdf lg0f{olbg'kg]{ b]lvg cfof] .

jfbLn] ;[hgjL/ s+;fsf/nfO{ pk]Gb|zfSon] ldlt @)%(.!!.^ ut] k"j{ l/;OjL lnO{cg'xf/df P;L8 vGofO{ s'¿k agfO{ pkrf/sf]l;nl;nfdf ck/]zg ug{sf nflu ;jf{Ë :jf:Yo

177177177177177

;bg nu]sf]df ck/]zg x'g gkfO{ ;f]xL rf]6kL8fsf] sf/0faf6 d[To' ePsf]n] sfg"gadf]lhdsf/jfxL ul/kfpFm eGg] hfx]/L b/vf:tsf] cfwf/dfcg';Gwfg x'Fbf k|ltjfbL pk]Gb| zfSon] d[tsnfO{Hofg dfg{] p2]Zon] P;L8 -t]hfa_ vGofPsf] /s'6kL6 ;d]t u/]sf]n] ;f]xL rf]6 kL8faf6 ynfk/L jL/ c:ktfn Pj+ ;jf{Ë :jf:Yo ;bgdfpkrf/sf] qmddf d[To' ePsf] x'Fbf Hofg ;DaGwLdxnsf] * g+=alv{nfk !#-#_ g+= sf] s;"/ u/]sf]b]lvPsf] egL ;f]xL dxnsf] !#-#_ g+= cg';f/;hfosf] dfu bfjL lnO{ cleof]u kq bfo/ePsf] b]lvG5 .

k|ltjfbL pk]Gb| zfSon] cfˆgf] k|]ldsfZj]tf t'nfw/sf] ljjfx ;[hgjL/;Fu x'g] ePkl5lghnfO{ ;DemfO{ a'emfO{ ubf{ jf:tf gu/]sf]n]of]hgf jgfO{ lghsf] cg'xf/df cfkm"n] P;L8vGofO{ s'6kL6 ;d]t u/]sf] t/ lgh tTsfngd/L jL/ c:ktfndf pkrf/ u/fO{ kl5 ;jf{Ë:jf:Yo ;bgdf pkrf/ u/fpFbf d[To' ePsf] egLcg';Gwfg clws[t ;dIf s;"/hGo s'/fdf ;flatePsf] t/ cbfntdf jofg ubf{ lgh d[ts;[hgjL/nfO{ cfkm"n] P;L8 5\ofkL s'6kL6 u/]sf]xf]Og . lghn] dnfO{ xfg]sf] P;L8 d}n] 5]Sbfd]/f] xftdf / jf]tnaf6 pl5l§P/ d[tsnfO{nfUg uPsf] xf] egL s;"/df OGsf/ /xL aofgu/]sf] 5 .

z'? lhNnf cbfntn] d[ts jL/c:ktfnaf6 l8:rfh{ ePkl5 P;L8af6 hn]/v'lDrPsf] 5fnfx¿sf] ck/]zg u/L ldnfpg]qmddf a]xf]; ul/Fbfsf] cj:yfdf d[To' ePsf]k|dfl0ft ePsf]n] Hofg ;DaGwLsf] * g+= sf]cj:yf k/L d[tssf] d[To' ePsf] gb]lvPsf] egLcleof]u bfjLaf6 lgh k|ltjfbLnfO{ ;kmfO lbg]7x5{ egL km};nf u/] pk/ jfbL g]kfn ;/sf/sf]k'g/fj]bg k/]sf]df k'g/fj]bg cbfnt kf6gn];f] km};nf pN6L u/L k|ltjfbL pk]Gb| zfSonfO{

d'n'sL P]g Hofg;DaGwL dxnsf] !$g+=adf]lhd!) jif{ s}b x'g] 7x/ u/]sf]df jfbL tyf k|ltjfbLb'j}sf] o; cbfntdf k'g/fj]bg k/L ;+o'QmOhnf;df k]z x'Fbf dfggLo GofofwLz tflx/cnL cG;f/Ln] k|ltjfbLnfO{ ;kmfO lbg] /foJoQm u/]sf] / dfggLo GofofwLz e/t/fh pk|]tLn]k'g/fj]bg cbfntsf] km};nf ;b/ ug]{ /fo JoQmu/L b'O{hgf dfggLo GofofwLzx¿sf] km/s km/s/fo sfod ePsf]n] ;jf]{Rr cbfnt lgodfjnL,@)$( sf] lgod #-!_-s_ adf]lhd o; k"0f{Ohnf;df k]z x'g cfPsf] b]lvG5 .

@= k|:t't d'2fdf Zj]tf t'nfw/sf];[hgjL/ s+;fsf/;Fu ljjfx x'g] kSsf ePkl5Zj]tf;Fu k|]d ug]{ k|ltjfbL pk]Gb| zfSon] d[ts;[hgjL/ s+;fsf/nfO{ cfkm\gf] 3/ sf]7fdf af]nfO{ldlt @)%(.!!.^ ut]sf lbg lghsf] cg'xf/dft]hfa -Acid_ xfn]sf] / lghnfO{ s'6kL6 u/]sf]af6lghsf] d[To' ePsf] eGg] ;d]t cleof]u bfjL/x]sf] kfOG5 . ;f] jf/bftkZrft\ d[ts ;[hgjL/k|ltjfbLsf] 3/af6 efuL lg:s]kl5 pkrf/sf]nflu jL/ c:ktfndf egf{ ePsf] eGg] tYonfO{oL k|ltjfbLn] cg';Gwfgsf] qmddf cg';Gwfgclwsf/L ;dIf tyf cbfntdf aofg ubf{ ;d]t:jLsf/ u/]sf] b]lvG5 .

#= ;fy} d[ts ;[hgjL/ g} pQm P;L8lnO{ cfPsf] / cfkm"pk/ kmfn]sf]df ;f] t]hfaaf6cfkm" aRg vf]Hbf cfˆgf] cg'xf/, hLpdf k/]sf]egL cbfntdf lgh k|ltjfbLn] aofg u/]sf]b]lvG5 . t/ k|ltjfbLsf] 3/df cfpFbf d[tsn] g}cfˆgf] ;fydf t]hfa -Acid) lnO{ cfPsf] lyof]eGg] s'/f ldl;n ;+nUg s'g} klg tYo / ;Da4k|df0fx¿ ;d]taf6 b]lvb}g . k|ltjfbLnfO{ dfg]{u/L d[tsn] g} t]hfa -Acid) Nofpg' kg]{ / ;f]sf]k|xf/ k|ltjfbLdfly ug'{kg]{;Ddsf] s'g} j:t'lgi7sf/0f klg ldl;n ;+nUg k|df0faf6 b]lvb}g . olbk|ltjfbLn] aofgdf pNn]v u/] h:tf] dg]{n] g}



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klxnf t]hfa k|ltjfbL dfly k|xf/ u/]sf] ePTo;nfO{ 5Ng] sfddf t]hfa h:tf] t/n kbfy{pN6f] ;f] kmfNg]sf] cg'xf/df kg]{ cj:yf / ;Defjgf/xFb}g . o;sf/0f d[tsn] kmfn]sf] t]hfaaf6 aRgvf]Hbf lghs} cg'xf/ / hLpdf ;f] t]hfa k/L lgh3fOt] ePsf] egL k|ltjfbLn] cbfnt;dIf u/]sf]aofg tYo;+ut Pj+ ljZjf;k|b b]lvg cfpFb}g .k|ltjfbLsf] aofg / ;Dk"0f{ 36gfqmdnfO{ ;dli6ut¿kn] ljrf/ ubf{ d[ts ;[hgjL/ k|ltjfbLsf]3/df cfPkl5 oL b'O{ hgfaLr jfb–ljjfb emu8fx'Fbf cfˆg} 3/df /x]sf] t]hfa -Acid) k|ltjfbLn]d[tssf] d'v, cg'xf/ dfly xfn]sf] eGg] tYots{;+ut Pj+ tYok/s /x]sf] b]lvFbf k|ltjfbLsf]cbfntdf ePsf] aofgdf ;Totf b]lvg cfPg .36gf:yn k|ltjfbLsf] jf;:yfg /x]sf] / lghn]k|]d ;DaGw :yflkt u/]sf] Zj]tf;Fu d[tssf] ljjfxx'g] lglZrt\ ePkl5 d[ts / k|ltjfbLaLr ;f];DaGwdf jfbljjfb ePsf] / ;f]xL sf/0f lghk|ltjfbLsf] 3/ sf]7fdf /x]sf] t]hfj -Acid_ lghn]d[tspk/ kmfn]sf] sf/0faf6 lgh d[ts 3fOt]ePsf] eGg] tYo ts{;+ut ¿kdf :yflkt ePsf]n]lgh k|ltjfbLsf] k|x/Lsf] jofg ;dly{t ePsf] 5 .

$= ca k|ltjfbLn] k|xf/ u/]sf] t]hfas}sf/0faf6 d[tssf] d[To' ePsf] xf] jf xf]Og eGg];Gbe{df ljrf/ ubf{ d[ts dfly k|ltjfbLn]t]hfa -Acid) kmfn]sf] jf/bft @)%(.!!.^ df36]sf] / ;f]xL ldltdf lgh ;[hgjL/nfO{ jL/c:ktfndf egf{ ul/Psf] eGg] jL/ c:ktfnsf]egf{ / l8:rfh{sf] sfuhaf6 b]lvG5 . k|ltjfbLjL/ c:ktfndf egf{ /xFbfs} cj:yfdf ldlt@)%(.!!.@^ df 36gfsf] ;DaGwdf lghsf] sfuhu/fOPsf] / pkrf/kl5 ldlt @)%(.!!.#) dflghnfO{ ;f] c:ktfnaf6 l8:rfh{ ul/Psf]b]lvG5 . l8:rfh{ ubf{ lghsf] cj:yf d/0ff;Gg/x]sf] jf egf{ x'Fbfsf] cj:yf eGbf lau|]kl5Onfh ug}{ g;lsg] cj:yfdf l8:rfh{ ul/Psf]

eGg] cj:yf geO{ jL/ c:ktfnaf6 @)%(.!!.#)df l8:rfh{ x'Fbf lghsf] cj:yfdf kof{Kt ;'wf/ePsf] / 8«]l;+u u/fpg c:ktfn cfO/xg egLlgb]{zg;lxt k7fOPsf] b]lvG5 . jL/ c:ktfnaf6l8:rfh{ ePsf] gjf}+ lbg cs}{ c:ktfn, ;jf{Ë:jf:Yo ;bgdf lghnfO{ egf{ ul/Psf] / ;f]xLc:ktfndf P;L8af6 hn]sf] 5fnf ldnfpgsfnflu ck/]zg ug]{ qmddf kLl8tsf] d[To' ePsf]eGg] tYodf ljjfb b]lvFb}g .

%= o;/L d[ts ;[hgjL/ s+;fsf/pk/k|ltjfbLn] t]hfa xfn]sf] / t]hfa -Acid) xfn]sf]sf/0faf6 3fOt] eO{ lghsf] cg'xf/ s'¿k ePsf]eGg];Dd b]lvG5 . jL/ c:ktfndf pkrf/kZrft\ToxfFaf6 l8:rfh{ ePkl5 csf]{ c:ktfndfpkrf/fy{ ck/]zg u/fpFbf ldlt @)%(.!@.*df lghsf] d[To' ePsf] / d[To'sf] sf/0fPULMONARY OEDEMA ePsf] eGg] zj k/LIf0fk|ltj]bg -Post Mortem Report) af6 b]lvG5 .zj k/LIf0f ug{] ljz]if1 8f= xl/x/ j:tL /8f=uf]ljGb gf/fo0fn] cbfntdf jskq ubf{"d[tssf] d[To' d'6'sf] rfnsf] u8j8L / d[tsdf/flvPsf] e]lG6n]6/n] :jfF; gnLdf ;'hg ePsf]sf/0f ePsf] x'g'kb{5Æ "t]hfasf] hngaf6 d'6'sf]rfnsf] u8j8L t]hfaaf6 rf]6 kg{] lalQs} x'g;Sg], lgsf] e};s]sf] t]hfasf] vtaf6 d'6'sf]rfndf u8j8L gx'g], d[To'sf] sf/0f ck/]zgsf]qmddf k|of]u ePsf] ljleGg cf}iflwsf] Side Effect

jf Toxic Effect af6 ePsf] x'g'kb{5Æ egL cfˆgf]askqdf pNn]v u/]sf] kfOG5 .

^= To:t} lrlsT;f lj1fg /fli6«o k|lti7fg-jL/ c:ktfn_ af6 u7g ePsf] 8fS6/x¿sf]af]8{n] d[To'sf] ;Defljt sf/0fdf "ck/]zg ug'{eGbf cufl8 k|of]u ul/g] Pg]:y]l;ofdf u8a8Ln]x'g ;Sg]Æ atfPsf] b]lvG5 . o;/L lkl8t tyfd[ts ;[hgjL/ pkrf/kZrft\ jL/ c:ktfnaf6l8:rfh{ x'g' / lgh ;[hgjL/sf] ;jf{Ë :jf:Yo

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;bgdf ck/]zg x'g' aLr s'g} cGt/;DaGw/x]sf] b]lvFb}g . jL/ c:ktfndf pkrf/ u/fO{lj/fdLsf] xfntdf ;'wf/ eO{ lgsf] ePkl5l8:rfh{ ul/Psf] b]lvG5 . ;jf{Ë :jf:Yo ;bgdfs'¿k cg'xf/sf] 5fnf ldnfpgsf nflu ul/Psf]ck/]zgl;t ;DalGwt Pg]:y]l;of ;d]tsf]cf}iflwx¿sf sf/0f d[tssf] d[To' ePsf] eGg]b]lvPsf] cj:yfdf To;nfO{ Ps dlxgf cufl8P;L8 kmfn]sf] jf/bft;Fu hf]8L ;f]xL hl/ofaf6;[hgjL/sf] d[To' ePsf] eGg] lg:sif{df k'Ug ;lsg]s'g} lrlsT;sLo / sfg"gL cfwf/ b]lvg cfpFb}g .

&= oL k|ltjfbLpk/ Hofg;DaGwL dxnsf]* g+= sf] cleof]u bfjL lnPsf] 5 . t/Hofg;DaGwL dxnsf] * g+= sf] sfg"gL Joj:yfx]bf{ eljtJo 7xg]{ afx]s s'g} cË efFRg] l5Gg]u/L xfg] s'6]df Tof] ynf k/L lgsf] geP hlt;'s};dokl5 d/] klg Hofgdf/fsf] aft nfU5 eGg]Joxf]/f pNn]v ePsf] b]lvG5 . ;f] sfg"gLJoj:yfadf]lhd d[tssf] cË efFRg] l5Gg] u/Lk|ltjfbLn] xfg] s'6]sf] cj:yf 5}g . o;} u/LHofg ;DaGwL dxnsf] ( g+= df Hofg} dfg{sfnflu s'g} cË efFRg] l5Gg] u/L xfg] s'6]df afx]sdf/f}+ egL u}x| dg]{ s'/f ubf{ p;} avt Hofggd/L ToxLF df/f}+ egL u/]sf rf]6 kL/n] p7\gg;sL ynfk/L PSsfO; lbgleq, c? ;f:tL;f;gf hf]/ h'n'd u/]df tLg lbgleq / ljif u}x|v'jfPdf ;ft lbgleq d¥of] eg] Hofgdf/f 7x5{eGg] sfg"gL Joj:yf /x]sf] b]lvG5 . plNnlvtsfg"gL Joj:yfsf] k[i7e"lddf x]bf{ k|ltjfbLn]d[tsnfO{ s'g} cË efFRg] l5Gg] u/L xfg]sf] s'6]sf]geO{ ;f] jfx]s t]hfa kmfnL 3fOt] jgfPsf]b]lvP klg lgh k|ltjfbLn] xfn]sf] t]hfasf] rf]6kL/n] p7\g g;sL ynf k/L d[tssf] d[To' ePsf]cj:yf b]lvFb}g . lgh jL/ c:ktfndf pkrf/u/fO{ lgsf] eO l8:rfh{ eO{ 3/ uPsf] b]lvPsf]n]lgh ynf k/]sf] b]lvFb}g . To:t} sfg"gdf pNn]v

ePadf]lhd jf/bft ePsf] PSsfO; lbgleqd[tssf] d[To' ePsf] klg gb]lvPsf], k|ltjfbLn]xfn]sf] t]hfasf] sf/0f d[ts ynf k/L lgsf]geP/ d[To' ePsf] eGg] klg gb]lvPsf] / lghpkrf/ u/fP/ c:ktfnaf6 l8:rfh{ ePsf] ;d]tcj:yfsf] ljZn]if0f ubf{ k|ltjfbLn] xfn]sf]t]hfasf] hl/ofaf6} d[tssf] d[To' ePsf] cj:yfklg b]lvg cfPg .

*= o;sf cltl/Qm t]hfasf] k|efjaf6lghsf] cg'xf/df ljleGg bfu eO{ s'¿k;DdePsf] b]lvPsf] / ;jf{Ë :jf:Yo ;bgdf;[hgjL/sf]] ;f]xL s'¿ktfnfO{ 7Ls kfg]{ p2]Zon]ck/]zg u/] u/fPsf] b]lvG5 . ;f]xL ck/]zgsf]qmddf ePsf] d[To'sf] ;DaGw d[To' x'g' eGbf Psdlxgf cufj} P;L8 kmflnPsf] 36gf;Fu hf]8]/k|ltjfbLnfO{ bf]ifL / d[To'sf] sf/s agfpg'cf}lrTok"0f{, ts{;+ut, sfg"g;Ddt / Gofok"0f{x'g] b]lvb}g . ;du| kl/l:ylt Pj+ 36gfqmdsf]ljZn]if0f tyf ;Dk"0f{ k|df0fx¿sf] d"NofÍg ubf{dg]{ ;[hgjL/ s+;fsf/ pk/ oL k|ltjfbLn] Hofglng] dg;fon] geO{ cfˆgf] k|]ldsf;Fu ljjfxsf]k|;+u rn]sf] sf/0faf6 på]lnt eO{ zf/Ll/sIflt k'¥ofpg] / s'¿k agfpg] lgotn] P;L8;Ddkmfn]sf] b]lvg cfpF5 .

(= o; l:yltdf d[tspk/ P;L8 kmfn]sf]36gf 36]sf] Ps dlxgfkl5 / jL/ c:ktfnaf6pkrf/ u/fO l8:rfh{ ePsf] cf7 lbgkl5 P;L8k|xf/af6 hnL lau|]sf] cg'xf/sf] 5fnf ldnfpg]qmddf ck/]zg ubf{ ub}{sf] cj:yfdf ePsf]d[tssf] d[To'nfO{ oL k|ltjfbLn] dg;fok"j{sHofg df/]sf] eGg] cy{ nufO{ Hofg;DaGwLdxnsf] ( g+= df tf]lsPsf] @! lbg JotLtePkl5 d[To' ePsf] cj:yf / / l:yltdf ;f]xLP;L8 kmfn]sf] jf/bftsf] lg/Gt/tfdf d[To' ePsf]5 eGg] cy{ u/L Hofg ;DaGwLsf] !#-#_ cg';f/sf]cleof]u bfjL k|dfl0ft x'g cfpFb}g .



180180180180180

!)= csf]{tkm{ ldlt @)%(.!!.^ df P;L8kmfn]sf] jf/bftsf ;DaGwdf ldlt @)%(.!!.*df oL k|ltjfbL pk/ Hofg dfg]{ pBf]udf hfx]/Lb/vf:t k/]sf]df ;f]sf] Ps dlxgfkl5 ;[hgjL/s+;fsf/sf] ldlt @)%(.!@.* df d[To' ePkZrft\;f]xL ldltdf oL k|ltjfbLpk/ st{Jo Hofgtk{mhfx]/L b/vf:t k/]sf] b]lvG5 . P;L8 kmfn]sf]sf/0faf6 ePsf] zf/Ll/s Iflttkm{ geO{ ;f]xLjf/bftnfO{ st{Ao Hofgsf] jf/bftsf] ;+1f lbO{k|:t't cleof]ukq bfo/ ePsf] kfOG5 . t/P;L8sf] k|efj jf sf/0faf6 ;[hgjL/sf] d[To'ePsf] geO{ ck/]zgsf] qmddf k|of]u ePsf]"ljleGg cf}iflwsf] Side Effect jf Toxic Effect

tyf e]lG6n]6/n] :jfF; gnLdf ;'hg ePsf]sf/0f ;d]taf6 d[To' ePsf]Æ eGg] ljz]if1lrlsT;sx¿sf] k|ltj]bg / cbfntdf ePsf]askq ;d]taf6 b]lvPsf] cj:yfdf oLk|ltjfbLnfO{ Hofg ;DaGwLsf] !$ g+= cg';f/;hfo ug{ ldNg] cj:yf klg b]lvPg .

!!= Hofg ;DaGwLsf] !$ g+= cg';f/Hofg dfg]{ lgot gePsf], tTsfn p7]sf] l/;yfDg g;sL hf]lvdL xltof/ afx]s ;fwf/0fnf7f, 9'Ëf, nft, d'Ssf OToflbn] xfGbf d[To'ePsf] cj:yfdf ;f] !$ g+= sf] s;"/ :yflktx'g ;S5 . t/ k|:t't jf/bftdf To:tf] ePsf]geO{ k|ltjfbLn] ;fwf/0f nf7L, 9'Ëf, nft d'Ssfsf]k|xf/ gu/L P;L8 cg'xf/df kmfn]sf] / lgh jL/c:ktfndf pkrf/ u/L lgsf] eO{ l8:rfh{e};s]sf]df kl5 cg'xf/sf] hn]sf] efu k"j{ ¿kdfNofpg] k|of;:j¿k ck/]zg ubf{ d[tssf] P]gn]tf]s]sf] ;dofjlw @! lbg kl5 d[To' ePsf]b]lvG5 . Hofg ;DaGwLsf] !$ g+=cg'xf/df P;L8kmfn]sf] / ;f]sf] pkrf/ u/fO{ lgsf] eO{c:ktfnaf6 l8:rfh{ e};s]sf] cj:yfdf cGopkrf/ u/fpg ck/]zg ubf{ d/]df nfUg] sfg"gLJoj:yf xf]Og . Hofg;DaGwLsf] (, !), !! /

!@ g+= ;d]tsf] sfg"gL Joj:yf x]bf{ s'g} k|sf/af6s'6kL6 u/]sf]df @! lbgleq ;f]xL rf]6sf] sf/0fynf k/L d/]df dfq Hofgdf/fsf] jft nfUg]x'G5 . pQm sfg"gL Joj:yfcg';f/ s'6kL6sf]36gfaf6 ynf k/]sf] gePdf jf P]gn] tf]s]sf]@! lbg kl5 d/]sf] cj:yfdf Hofg ;DaGwLdxn cGtu{t Hofg df/]sf] egL ;hfo ug{sfg"gcg's"n x'Fb}g .

!@= t;y{, ljj]lrt cfwf/ sf/0faf6z'? sf7df8f}F+ lhNnf cbfntsf] km};nf pN6Lu/L Hofg ;DaGwL dxnsf] !$ g+= cg'';f/k|ltjfbL pk]Gb| zfSonfO{ !) jif{ s}b ;hfo ug{]u/]sf] k'g/fj]bg cbfnt kf6gsf] km};nf ldn]sf]gb]lvPsf] egL pN6L u/L k|ltjfbLnfO{ cleof]ubfjLaf6 ;kmfO lbg] u/]sf] dfggLo GofofwLztflx/ cnL cG;f/Lsf] /fo ;b/ x'g] 7x5{ .c?df tk;Lnadf]lhd ug"{ .

tk;Lndfly OG;fkm v08df pNn]v ePadf]lhd

k'g/fj]bg cbfnt kf6gsf] km};nf pN6L u/Lk|ltjfbLnfO{ ;kmfO lbg] u/]sf] dfggLo GofofwLztflx/ cnL cG;f/Lsf] /fo ;b/ x'g] 7x/]sf]n]k'g/fj]bg cbfntsf] km};nfsf] tk;Ln v08sf]b]xfo ! g+= df plNnlvt nut s§f ug'{ egL z'?sf7df8f}F+ lhNnf cbfntdf n]vL k7fO{ lbg" === !bfo/Lsf] nut s§f u/L ldl;n lgodfg';f/u/L a'emfO{ lbg" ====!

pQm /fodf ;xdt 5f}+ .

Gof=j}Bgfy pkfWofoGof=sdngf/fo0f bf;

Olt ;+jt\ @)^( ;fn ebf} @! ut] /f]h % z'edOhnf; clws[tM s[i0fd'/f/L lzjfsf]6L

181181181181181

lg0f{o g+=*(%^ lg0f{o g+=*(%^ lg0f{o g+=*(%^ lg0f{o g+=*(%^ lg0f{o g+=*(%^

;jf]{Rr cbfnt, ljz]È Ohnf;dfggLo GofofwLz >L sNof0F >]i7

dfggLo GofofwLz >L lu/Lz rGb| nfndfggLo GofofwLz >L ;'zLnf sfsL{

l/6 g+= )^&–WS–))^@cfb]z ldltM @)^(.&.!^.%

ljÈoM– pTk|]if0f, k/dfb]z;d]t .

lgj]bsM dlxnf, sfg"g tyf ljsf; d~r /cfkm\g} tkm{af6 ;d]t lh=sf7df8f}+sf=d=g=kf=j8f g+=!! a:g] clwjQmf dL/f9'+ufgf ;d]t

lj?4ljkÔLM k|wfgdGqL tyf dlGqkl/Èb\sf] sfof{no

;d]t

§ a9'jf ;ldltsf ] lg0F {opk/ lrQa9'jf ;ldltsf ] lg0F {opk/ lrQa9'jf ;ldltsf ] lg0F {opk/ lrQa9'jf ;ldltsf ] lg0F {opk/ lrQa9'jf ;ldltsf ] lg0F {opk/ lrQgj'´fpg] lghfdtL ;]jf Pj+ g]kfngj'´fpg] lghfdtL ;]jf Pj+ g]kfngj'´fpg] lghfdtL ;]jf Pj+ g]kfngj'´fpg] lghfdtL ;]jf Pj+ g]kfngj'´fpg] lghfdtL ;]jf Pj+ g]kfn6 ] lnlehg ;+:yfgsf sd{rf/Ln ]6 ] lnlehg ;+:yfgsf sd{rf/Ln ]6 ] lnlehg ;+:yfgsf sd{rf/Ln ]6 ] lnlehg ;+:yfgsf sd{rf/Ln ]6 ] lnlehg ;+:yfgsf sd{rf/Ln ]ph"/L ug]{ / ;f] ph"/L em"7f 7xl/Pdfph"/L ug]{ / ;f] ph"/L em"7f 7xl/Pdfph"/L ug]{ / ;f] ph"/L em"7f 7xl/Pdfph"/L ug]{ / ;f] ph"/L em"7f 7xl/Pdfph"/L ug]{ / ;f] ph"/L em"7f 7xl/Pdfph"/Lstf{sf] cÍ s6[f ug]{ ;DaGwdfph"/Lstf{sf] cÍ s6[f ug]{ ;DaGwdfph"/Lstf{sf] cÍ s6[f ug]{ ;DaGwdfph"/Lstf{sf] cÍ s6[f ug]{ ;DaGwdfph"/Lstf{sf] cÍ s6[f ug]{ ;DaGwdf;a } k |sf/sf jf ;a } txsf;a } k |sf/sf jf ;a } txsf;a } k |sf/sf jf ;a } txsf;a } k |sf/sf jf ;a } txsf;a } k |sf/sf jf ;a } txsfsd{rf/LnfO{ ;dfg ¿kn] nfu" x'g]sd{rf/LnfO{ ;dfg ¿kn] nfu" x'g]sd{rf/LnfO{ ;dfg ¿kn] nfu" x'g]sd{rf/LnfO{ ;dfg ¿kn] nfu" x'g]sd{rf/LnfO{ ;dfg ¿kn] nfu" x'g]u/L Joj:yf ul/Psf ] sfg "gLu/L Joj:yf ul/Psf ] sfg "gLu/L Joj:yf ul/Psf ] sfg "gLu/L Joj:yf ul/Psf ] sfg "gLu/L Joj:yf ul/Psf ] sfg "gLk|fjwfgnfO{ k]zf /f]huf/ ug]{ xsk|fjwfgnfO{ k]zf /f]huf/ ug]{ xsk|fjwfgnfO{ k]zf /f]huf/ ug]{ xsk|fjwfgnfO{ k]zf /f]huf/ ug]{ xsk|fjwfgnfO{ k]zf /f]huf/ ug]{ xsjf ;dfgtfsf] xssf] ljk/Lt eGg'jf ;dfgtfsf] xssf] ljk/Lt eGg'jf ;dfgtfsf] xssf] ljk/Lt eGg'jf ;dfgtfsf] xssf] ljk/Lt eGg'jf ;dfgtfsf] xssf] ljk/Lt eGg'ts{;Ddt x'g g;Sg] .ts{;Ddt x'g g;Sg] .ts{;Ddt x'g g;Sg] .ts{;Ddt x'g g;Sg] .ts{;Ddt x'g g;Sg] .

§ a9'jfdf lrQ ga'‰g] sd{rf/Ln]a9'jfdf lrQ ga'‰g] sd{rf/Ln]a9'jfdf lrQ ga'‰g] sd{rf/Ln]a9'jfdf lrQ ga'‰g] sd{rf/Ln]a9'jfdf lrQ ga'‰g] sd{rf/Ln]a9'jfsf] lg0F{odf lrQ gj'́ fO{ ph"/La9'jfsf] lg0F{odf lrQ gj'́ fO{ ph"/La9'jfsf] lg0F{odf lrQ gj'́ fO{ ph"/La9'jfsf] lg0F{odf lrQ gj'́ fO{ ph"/La9'jfsf] lg0F{odf lrQ gj'́ fO{ ph"/Lu/]sf] dfq sf/0Fn] ;f] kZrft\sf]u/]sf] dfq sf/0Fn] ;f] kZrft\sf]u/]sf] dfq sf/0Fn] ;f] kZrft\sf]u/]sf] dfq sf/0Fn] ;f] kZrft\sf]u/]sf] dfq sf/0Fn] ;f] kZrft\sf]a9'jf lg0F {odf p;sf] cÍ :jtMa9'jf lg0F {odf p;sf] cÍ :jtMa9'jf lg0F {odf p;sf] cÍ :jtMa9'jf lg0F {odf p;sf] cÍ :jtMa9'jf lg0F {odf p;sf] cÍ :jtMsfl6g] eGg] klg b]lv"b}g . a9'jfpk/sfl6g] eGg] klg b]lv"b}g . a9'jfpk/sfl6g] eGg] klg b]lv"b}g . a9'jfpk/sfl6g] eGg] klg b]lv"b}g . a9'jfpk/sfl6g] eGg] klg b]lv"b}g . a9'jfpk/

ph"/L lb+bf cfwf/, sf/0F / tYodfph"/L lb+bf cfwf/, sf/0F / tYodfph"/L lb+bf cfwf/, sf/0F / tYodfph"/L lb+bf cfwf/, sf/0F / tYodfph"/L lb+bf cfwf/, sf/0F / tYodfcfwfl/t eO{ ;f] ph"/L ljZj;gLocfwfl/t eO{ ;f] ph"/L ljZj;gLocfwfl/t eO{ ;f] ph"/L ljZj;gLocfwfl/t eO{ ;f] ph"/L ljZj;gLocfwfl/t eO{ ;f] ph"/L ljZj;gLob]vfpg' kg]{ .b]vfpg' kg]{ .b]vfpg' kg]{ .b]vfpg' kg]{ .b]vfpg' kg]{ .

§ ljgfcfwf/ jf sf/0F xr'jfsf] e/dfljgfcfwf/ jf sf/0F xr'jfsf] e/dfljgfcfwf/ jf sf/0F xr'jfsf] e/dfljgfcfwf/ jf sf/0F xr'jfsf] e/dfljgfcfwf/ jf sf/0F xr'jfsf] e/dfc?nfO{ cgfjZos b'Mv jf x}/fgLc?nfO{ cgfjZos b'Mv jf x}/fgLc?nfO{ cgfjZos b'Mv jf x}/fgLc?nfO{ cgfjZos b'Mv jf x}/fgLc?nfO{ cgfjZos b'Mv jf x}/fgLlbg ] jf a9 'j fsf ] k | lq mofnfO {lbg ] jf a9 'j fsf ] k | lq mofnfO {lbg ] jf a9 'j fsf ] k | lq mofnfO {lbg ] jf a9 'j fsf ] k | lq mofnfO {lbg ] jf a9 'j fsf ] k | lq mofnfO {cgfjZos ph"/L lbO{ nDjfO{ /fVg]cgfjZos ph"/L lbO{ nDjfO{ /fVg]cgfjZos ph"/L lbO{ nDjfO{ /fVg]cgfjZos ph"/L lbO{ nDjfO{ /fVg]cgfjZos ph"/L lbO{ nDjfO{ /fVg]k|of]hgn] dfq ph"/L gk/f];\ eGg]k|of]hgn] dfq ph"/L gk/f];\ eGg]k|of]hgn] dfq ph"/L gk/f];\ eGg]k|of]hgn] dfq ph"/L gk/f];\ eGg]k|of]hgn] dfq ph"/L gk/f];\ eGg]p2]Zon] dfq em"7f ph"/L lbPsf]p2]Zon] dfq em"7f ph"/L lbPsf]p2]Zon] dfq em"7f ph"/L lbPsf]p2]Zon] dfq em"7f ph"/L lbPsf]p2]Zon] dfq em"7f ph"/L lbPsf]7xl/Pdf cÍ sfl6g]5 egL ul/Psf]7xl/Pdf cÍ sfl6g]5 egL ul/Psf]7xl/Pdf cÍ sfl6g]5 egL ul/Psf]7xl/Pdf cÍ sfl6g]5 egL ul/Psf]7xl/Pdf cÍ sfl6g]5 egL ul/Psf]sfg"gL k|fjwfgx¿nfO{ ;+ljwfgåf/fsfg"gL k|fjwfgx¿nfO{ ;+ljwfgåf/fsfg"gL k|fjwfgx¿nfO{ ;+ljwfgåf/fsfg"gL k|fjwfgx¿nfO{ ;+ljwfgåf/fsfg"gL k|fjwfgx¿nfO{ ;+ljwfgåf/fk|bQ k]zf jf /f]huf/Lsf] :jtGqtfk|bQ k]zf jf /f]huf/Lsf] :jtGqtfk|bQ k]zf jf /f]huf/Lsf] :jtGqtfk|bQ k]zf jf /f]huf/Lsf] :jtGqtfk|bQ k]zf jf /f]huf/Lsf] :jtGqtfjf ;dfgtfsf] xs jf ;fdflhsjf ;dfgtfsf] xs jf ;fdflhsjf ;dfgtfsf] xs jf ;fdflhsjf ;dfgtfsf] xs jf ;fdflhsjf ;dfgtfsf] xs jf ;fdflhs; '/Ôfsf ] xs ljk/Lt ;D´g; '/Ôfsf ] xs ljk/Lt ;D´g; '/Ôfsf ] xs ljk/Lt ;D´g; '/Ôfsf ] xs ljk/Lt ;D´g; '/Ôfsf ] xs ljk/Lt ;D´ggldNg] .gldNg] .gldNg] .gldNg] .gldNg] .

-k|s/0f g+=$_§ s'g} sfg"gsf] j}wflgstfsf] k|Zgs'g} sfg"gsf] j}wflgstfsf] k|Zgs'g} sfg"gsf] j}wflgstfsf] k|Zgs'g} sfg"gsf] j}wflgstfsf] k|Zgs'g} sfg"gsf] j}wflgstfsf] k|Zg

p7fO{ lgj]bg lbg'k"j{ lgj]bsx¿p7fO{ lgj]bg lbg'k"j{ lgj]bsx¿p7fO{ lgj]bg lbg'k"j{ lgj]bsx¿p7fO{ lgj]bg lbg'k"j{ lgj]bsx¿p7fO{ lgj]bg lbg'k"j{ lgj]bsx¿h:tf sfg "gnfO { k ]zfsf ] ¿kdfh:tf sfg "gnfO { k ]zfsf ] ¿kdfh:tf sfg "gnfO { k ]zfsf ] ¿kdfh:tf sfg "gnfO { k ]zfsf ] ¿kdfh:tf sfg "gnfO { k ]zfsf ] ¿kdfcjnDag u/L lqmofzLn /x ]sfcjnDag u/L lqmofzLn /x ]sfcjnDag u/L lqmofzLn /x ]sfcjnDag u/L lqmofzLn /x ]sfcjnDag u/L lqmofzLn /x ]sfJolQmn] cfkm"n] j}wflgstfsf] k|ZgJolQmn] cfkm"n] j}wflgstfsf] k|ZgJolQmn] cfkm"n] j}wflgstfsf] k|ZgJolQmn] cfkm"n] j}wflgstfsf] k|ZgJolQmn] cfkm"n] j}wflgstfsf] k|Zgp7fPsf] s'g} k|rlnt sfg"gsf] af/]dfp7fPsf] s'g} k|rlnt sfg"gsf] af/]dfp7fPsf] s'g} k|rlnt sfg"gsf] af/]dfp7fPsf] s'g} k|rlnt sfg"gsf] af/]dfp7fPsf] s'g} k|rlnt sfg"gsf] af/]dfo; cbfntn] ;f]eGbf cufl8 klgo; cbfntn] ;f]eGbf cufl8 klgo; cbfntn] ;f]eGbf cufl8 klgo; cbfntn] ;f]eGbf cufl8 klgo; cbfntn] ;f]eGbf cufl8 klglg¿k0f u/] gu/]sf ] s] 5 eGg]lg¿k0f u/] gu/]sf ] s] 5 eGg]lg¿k0f u/] gu/]sf ] s] 5 eGg]lg¿k0f u/] gu/]sf ] s] 5 eGg]lg¿k0f u/] gu/]sf ] s] 5 eGg]af/ ]df j:t ' lgi7 ¿kdf vf ]h ,af/ ]df j:t ' lgi7 ¿kdf vf ]h ,af/ ]df j:t ' lgi7 ¿kdf vf ]h ,af/ ]df j:t ' lgi7 ¿kdf vf ]h ,af/ ]df j:t ' lgi7 ¿kdf vf ]h ,cg';Gwfg u/L osLg ug'{ lghx¿sf]cg';Gwfg u/L osLg ug'{ lghx¿sf]cg';Gwfg u/L osLg ug'{ lghx¿sf]cg';Gwfg u/L osLg ug'{ lghx¿sf]cg';Gwfg u/L osLg ug'{ lghx¿sf]klxnf] st{Jo x'g cfpg] .klxnf] st{Jo x'g cfpg] .klxnf] st{Jo x'g cfpg] .klxnf] st{Jo x'g cfpg] .klxnf] st{Jo x'g cfpg] .

§ Pp6 } k |Zgdf o; cbfntnfO {Pp6 } k |Zgdf o; cbfntnfO {Pp6 } k |Zgdf o; cbfntnfO {Pp6 } k |Zgdf o; cbfntnfO {Pp6 } k |Zgdf o; cbfntnfO {af/Daf/ cN´fO{ /xg] jf Ps k6saf/Daf/ cN´fO{ /xg] jf Ps k6saf/Daf/ cN´fO{ /xg] jf Ps k6saf/Daf/ cN´fO{ /xg] jf Ps k6saf/Daf/ cN´fO{ /xg] jf Ps k6slg¿k0f ePsf] eGg] s'/fnfO{ nf]klg¿k0f ePsf] eGg] s'/fnfO{ nf]klg¿k0f ePsf] eGg] s'/fnfO{ nf]klg¿k0f ePsf] eGg] s'/fnfO{ nf]klg¿k0f ePsf] eGg] s'/fnfO{ nf]ku/L jf cgb]vf u/L k'gM To:t}u/L jf cgb]vf u/L k'gM To:t}u/L jf cgb]vf u/L k'gM To:t}u/L jf cgb]vf u/L k'gM To:t}u/L jf cgb]vf u/L k'gM To:t}ljÈodf k|Zg p7fO{ k6s k6s l/6ljÈodf k|Zg p7fO{ k6s k6s l/6ljÈodf k|Zg p7fO{ k6s k6s l/6ljÈodf k|Zg p7fO{ k6s k6s l/6ljÈodf k|Zg p7fO{ k6s k6s l/6lgj]bg lb+b} hfg] xf] eg] ljjfbsf]lgj]bg lb+b} hfg] xf] eg] ljjfbsf]lgj]bg lb+b} hfg] xf] eg] ljjfbsf]lgj]bg lb+b} hfg] xf] eg] ljjfbsf]lgj]bg lb+b} hfg] xf] eg] ljjfbsf]cGToxLg >[ª\vnf v8f x'g] / GofocGToxLg >[ª\vnf v8f x'g] / GofocGToxLg >[ª\vnf v8f x'g] / GofocGToxLg >[ª\vnf v8f x'g] / GofocGToxLg >[ª\vnf v8f x'g] / Gofolg¿k0f eO;s]sf ] k |Zgdf o;lg¿k0f eO;s]sf ] k |Zgdf o;lg¿k0f eO;s]sf ] k |Zgdf o;lg¿k0f eO;s]sf ] k |Zgdf o;lg¿k0f eO;s]sf ] k |Zgdf o;cbfntn] af/Daf/ af]Nb} hfg' kg]{cbfntn] af/Daf/ af]Nb} hfg' kg]{cbfntn] af/Daf/ af]Nb} hfg' kg]{cbfntn] af/Daf/ af]Nb} hfg' kg]{cbfntn] af/Daf/ af]Nb} hfg' kg]{

*(%^ –*(%^ –*(%^ –*(%^ –*(%^ – dlxnf, sfg"g tyf ljsf; d~r ;d]t lj=k|wfgdGqL tyf dlGqkl/ifb\sf] sfof{no ;d]t


182182182182182

l:ylt cfp"5 . o:tf ] cj:yfsf ]l:ylt cfp"5 . o:tf ] cj:yfsf ]l:ylt cfp"5 . o:tf ] cj:yfsf ]l:ylt cfp"5 . o:tf ] cj:yfsf ]l:ylt cfp"5 . o:tf ] cj:yfsf ]nflu ;+ljwfgsf ] wf/f !)& sf ]nflu ;+ljwfgsf ] wf/f !)& sf ]nflu ;+ljwfgsf ] wf/f !)& sf ]nflu ;+ljwfgsf ] wf/f !)& sf ]nflu ;+ljwfgsf ] wf/f !)& sf ]pkwf/f -!_ sf] k|of]u ul/g gx'g] .pkwf/f -!_ sf] k|of]u ul/g gx'g] .pkwf/f -!_ sf] k|of]u ul/g gx'g] .pkwf/f -!_ sf] k|of]u ul/g gx'g] .pkwf/f -!_ sf] k|of]u ul/g gx'g] .

-k|s/0f g+=^_

lgj]bs tkm{af6M ljåfg clwjQmf dL/f 9'+ufgfljkÔL tkm{af6M ljåfg ;xGofoflwjQmf

ljgf]bs'df/ kf]v/]n tyf ljåfgclwjQmf 1fg]Gb| g]kfn

cjnlDat ghL/M§ g]sfk @)%&, lg=g+=^*(&, k[i7 #^$

;Da4 sfg"gM§ g]kfnsf] cGtl/d ;+ljwfg, @)^# sf]

wf/f !@, !#, !(, !)&-!_§ lghfdtL ;]jf P]g, @)$( sf] bkmf

@$r= sf] pkbkmf -$_§ g]kfn 6]lnlehg ;+:yfg, sd{rf/L

;]jfzt{ -5}7f}+ ;+zf]wg_ ljlgodfjnL,@)^^ sf] ljlgod ^&-#_

cfb]zGof=sNof0f >]i7MGof=sNof0f >]i7MGof=sNof0f >]i7MGof=sNof0f >]i7MGof=sNof0f >]i7M g]kfnsf] cGtl/d

;+ljwfg, @)^# sf] wf/f !)& sf] pkwf/f -!_cGtu{t o; cbfntdf btf{ ePsf] k|:t't l/6lgj]bgsf] tYo Pj+ lg0F{o o;k|sf/ 5M dlxnf sfg"g / ljsf; d~r dlxnf ju{sf]xslxt / clwsf/sf] /Ôf ug]{ / tL clwsf/x¿sf]sfof{Gjog u/fpg] sfo{df ;+nUg eOcfPsf] ;+:yfxf] . xfdL lgj]bsx¿n] o;} ;+:yfdfkm{t\ s'g} P]gsfg"gsf] Joj:yf ;+ljwfg;"u afl´Psf] ;d]tsfljÈodf ;fj{hlgs ;/f]sf/sf] ljjfb lnO{;DdfgLt ;jf]{Rr cbfnt;dÔ ljleGg ;dodfl/6 lgj]bg btf{ u/fO{ df}lns xs ;+/Ô0F ug]{sfo{df ;+nUg eO{ cfPsf 5f}+ .

g]kfnsf] cGtl/d ;+ljwfg, @)^# sf]wf/f !-!_n] ;+ljwfgnfO{ d"n sfg"g dfgL

;+ljwfg;"u afl´Psf] sfg"g afl´Psf] xb;DdcdfGo x'g] Joj:yf u/]sf] 5 . lghfdtL ;]jfP]g, @)$(sf] bkmf @$r= df a9'jfsf] ph"/LzLÈ{scGtu{t pkbkmf -!_ df bkmf @) adf]lhda9'jf ;ldltn] u/]sf] a9'jf l;kmfl/zdf lrQga'´] ;DalGwt lghfdtL sd{rf/Ln] To:tf]l;kmfl/z u/]sf] ldltn] #% lbgleq nf]s;]jfcfof]udf ph"/L lbg ;Sg]5 . To;/L k/]sf]ph"/Ldf ph"/L ug]{ Dofb gf3]sf] ldltn] ^)lbgleq 6'+uf] nufOg]5 eGg] Joj:yf 5 . ;f]xLpkbkmf -$_ df pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhd kg{ cfPsf]ph"/L em"7f 7xl/Pdf ph"/L k/]kl5 x'g] a9'jfdfTo:tf] ph"/Lstf{sf] klxnf]k6ssf] ph"/L eP @cÍ / bf];|f] k6ssf] ph"/L eP # cÍ sfl6g]5eGg] Joj:yf /x]sf]5 . To:t} g]kfn 6]lnlehg;+:yfg, sd{rf/L ;]jf zt{ -5}6f}+ ;+zf]wg_ljlgodfjnL, @)^^ sf] ljlgod ^& sf]pkljlgod -#_ df ;d]t ph"/L cfwf/xLg7xl/Pdf dgfl;j dflkmssf] sf/0F ;d]tsf]hfgsf/L ;DalGwt ph"/jfnfnfO{ lbg'kg]{5, ;fy}ph"/L kl5 x'g] a9'jfdf To:tf] ph"/Lstf{sf]klxnf] k6ssf] ph"/L eP @ cÍ / bf];|f] k6ssf]ph"/L eP # cÍ sfl6g]5 eGg] Joj:yf ul/Psf]5 .

lghfdtL ;]jf jf g]kfn ;/sf/sf];fj{hlgs ;]jfdf sfg"gadf]lhd k|j]z u/L ;]jfug]{ k|To]s JolQmnfO{ dflyNnf] kbdf a9'jf x'g]sfg"gL xs /xG5 . ;f] l;nl;nfdf s'g} a9'jflg0F{odf lrQ ga'́ ]df ph"/L ug{ kfpg] xs klgx'G5 . To;/L ph"/L u/]sf] sf/0Faf6 dfq lghsf]cÍ sf6\g] eGg] dfly plNnlvt sfg"gL Joj:yfe]befjk"0F{ / cGofok"0F{ 5 . a9'jf gul/Psfsd{rf/LnfO{ ph"/L ug{ g} xtf]T;fxL ug]{, cfkm"nfO{dg k/]sf] sd{rf/L dfq a9'jf ug]{ u/L ;f]sfg"gL Joj:yfn] k|zf;snfO{ lg/+s'z clwsf/k|bfg u/]sf]5 .

183183183183183

b]zsf] lghfdtL ;]jf ;a}sf] rf;f] /;/f]sf/ ePsf] ;]jf xf] . o; ;]jfnfO{ ;~rfngug]{ lghfdtL ;]jf P]gdf ePsf c;+j}wflgsJoj:yfx¿pk/ l/6 lgj]bg lbg] xs xfdLlgj]bsx¿df ;'/lÔt g} 5 . g]kfnsf] cGtl/d;+ljwfg, @)^# sf] wf/f !# n] ;a} gful/snfO{sfg"gsf] ;dfg ;+/Ô0Fsf] xs k|bfg u/]sf] 5 .o:tf] cj:yfdf /fHosf] lghfdtL ;]jfdf sfo{/tJolQmnfO{ Gofo dfUg hfg] sfo{df xtf]T;flxtug]{ sfg"g lgdf{0F u/L sd{rf/Lx¿jLrd} c;dfgJojxf/ ug'{ ;+ljwfgtM q'l6k"0F{ 5 . sd{rf/Lju{leq} klg c;dfg Jojxf/ ug]{ u/L juL{s/0f ug'{;+ljwfgsf] efjgf ljk/Lt x'G5.g]kfnn] cg'df]bgu/]sf ljleGg cGt/f{li6«o ;lGwx¿n];d]t k|To]sJolQmnfO{ ;dfgtfsf] xs k|bfg u/L /fHoaf6s'g} klg cfwf/n] e]befj ug{ gkfOg] Joj:yfu/]sf 5g\ . ;dfgtfsf] xssf] ljÈodf dfgaxfb'/ljZjsdf{ lj?4 dlGqkl/Èb\;d]t -g]sfk @)$(,k[=!)!)_, Odfgl;+x u'?ª lj?4 hg/n ;}lgscbfnt;d]t -g]sfk @)$(, k[=&!)_ nufotsfd'2fx¿df ;jf]{Rr cbfntn] lj:t[t JofVof ub}{e]befjhGo sfg"g vf/]h x'g] l;2fGt :yflktu/]sf 5 . To;}n] sfg"gsf] k|of]udf e]befj x'g]u/L hyfefjL ¿kdf juL{s/0f ug'{ u}/;+j}wflgsx'G5 .

JolQmsf] JolQmTj ljsf;sf nfluckl/xfo{ clwsf/ eg]sf] cGofodf k/]sf] avtGofosf] nflu ph"/L ug{ kfpg] :jtGqtf xf] .To:tf] xsnfO{ zt{o'Qm agfO{ lghfdtL sd{rf/L/ g]kfn 6]lnlehgdf sfo{/t\ sd{rf/Lx¿sf];+ljwfgsf] wf/f !@-!_ adf]lhdsf] ;Ddfgk"j{saf"Rg kfpg] xsdf cf3ft k'¥ofPsf] 5 . ctMlghfdtL ;]jf P]g, @)$( sf] bkmf @$-r_ sf]pkbkmf -$_ / g]kfn 6]lnlehg ;+:yfg, sd{rf/L;]jfzt{ -5}6f}+ ;+zf]wg_ ljlgodfjnL, @)^^ sf]ljlgod ^& sf] pkljlgod -#_ df ePsf]

Joj:yfn] ;f] P]g / ljlgodcGtu{t\ sfo{/tsd{rf/Lsf] ;dfgtfsf] xs / j}olQms :jtGqtf;DaGwL xsdf cf3ft kfg'{sf] ;fy} :jR5 k|zf;gkfpg] gful/ssf] xsdf g} k|lts"n k|efj kf/]sf]5 . sd{rf/Lsf] j[lQ ljsf;sf] dxTjk"0F{ kÔsf]¿kdf /x]sf] a9'jf;"u ;DalGwt Joj:yf ;dfgGofo k|flKtsf] clwsf/;d]tsf] ljk/Lt /x]sfn]pQm sfg"gL Joj:yfx¿ cdfGo / ab/ 3f]lÈtul/kfpFm eGg] ;d]tsf] l/6 lgj]bg .

o;df s] s;f] ePsf] xf] < lgj]bssf]dfuadf]lhdsf] cfb]z lsg hf/L x'g' gkg]{ xf] <cfb]z k|fKt ePsf ldltn] af6fsf] Dofbafx]s!% lbgleq lnlvt hjfkm k]z ug'{ egLljkÔLx¿nfO{ ;"rgf lbg" . ;fy} k|:t't l/6lgj]bgnf]slxt oflrsfsf] ¿kdf bfo/ ePsf] /lgj]bgdf p7fOPsf] ljÈoj:t'sf] uDeL/tf;d]tnfO{ ljrf/ ubf{ k|:t't lgj]bgsf] rf"8f]lsgf/f x'g' cfjZos b]lvPsf]n] cu|flwsf/ k|bfgul/Psf] 5 eGg] o; cbfntsf] ldlt @)^*.!.@!sf] cfb]z .

lgj]bsx¿ sfg"g Joj;foL ePsf,lghfdtL ;]jf P]g, @)$( tyf ;]jf zt{;DaGwLk|rlnt sfg"gsf Joj:yfx¿ ;DalGwt ;]jfdf/x]sf jf /lx;s]sf JolQmx¿sf] xsdf cfs[i6x'g] x'gfn] lgj]bsx¿n] lje]bk"0F{ ePsf] bfjL ug'{ePsf] sfg"gL Joj:yf ab/ u/fpg ;DdfgLtcbfntdf lgj]bg lbg] xsb}of g} lgj]bsx¿df5}g . olb ;fj{hlgs ;/f]sf/sf] ¿kdf xsb}ofb]vfOPsf] xf] eg] klg ;]jf zt{ ;DaGwL sfg"gsf]s'g ljGb"df lgj]bsx¿sf] ;fy{s ;DaGw /xG5,Tof] eGg ;Sg'kb{5 . cfkm\gf] xslxtk|lt ;r]tgePsf] jf pkrf/sf] nflu cfkm}+ ;Ôd gePsf]s'g} ju{sf] ;fd"lxs xslxtsf] /Ôf ug{ dfq;fj{hlgs ;/f]sf/sf] ljjfbsf] lgj]bg lbg ;lsg]x'G5 . t/ o; l/6 lgj]bgdf oL s'g} klg cj:yfsf]ljBdfgtf 5}g . lghfdtL ;]jf P]gsf] bkmf



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@$r= sf] pkbkmf -$_ / g]kfn 6]lnlehg;+:yfg, sd{rf/L ;]jfzt{ -5}7f} + ;+zf]wg_ljlgodfjnL, @)^^ sf] ljlgod ̂ & sf] pklgod-#_ df ePsf] Joj:yfn] lgj]bsx¿sf] s'g} klgdf}lns xsdf cf3ft kf/]sf] 5}g . lghfdtLsd{rf/L a9'jf k|lqmof lglZrt xf];\, q'l6k"0F{g/xf];\ / ;dod} of]Uo JolQm 5gf}6 eO{ bÔhgzlQm cfk"lt x'{g ;sf];\ eGg] p2]Zon] a9'jfglthfdf lrQ ga'‰g] sd{rf/Ln] ;xL, ;To /tYok"0F{ cfwf/df ph"/L lbg ;sf];\ eGg] p2]Zon];f ] sfg "gL Joj:yf ul/Psf ] xf ] . ;f ]Joj:yfadf]lhd s'g} sd{rf/LnfO{ a9'jf x'g kfpg]xsdf g} cf3ft k'Ug] u/L jf k|ltzf]w lnO{ b'Mvlbg] unt dg;fo /fvL em"7f ph"/ gk/f];\ eGg]p2]Zo;Dd lnO{ ;f] sfg"gL Joj:yf ul/Psf] xf] .ljwflosfn] ;'́ a'́ k"0F{ tj/n] lgdf{0F u/]sf]sfg"gL Joj:yfnfO{ unt cy{ nufO{ df}lnsxsdf cf3ft k¥of] egL lbOPsf] l/6 lgj]bgvf/]hefuL 5 . vf/]h ul/kfpFm eGg];d]t sfg"gtyf Gofo dGqfnosf ] tkm {af6 k/ ]sf ]lnlvthjfkm .

lghfdtL ;]jf P]g, @)$( adf]lhdljleGg kbdf a9'jf ubf{ a9'jf ;ldltn] ;DefJopDd]bjf/x¿dWo]af6 sfo{;Dkfbg d"NofÍgsf]cfwf/df ;a}eGbf a9L cÍ k|fKt ug]{nfO{ l;kmfl/zug]{ / To;/L ul/Psf l;kmfl/zpk/ lrQ ga'‰g]JolQmn] sfg"gadf]lhd ph"/ ug{ kfpg] u/Lul/Psf] sfg"gL Joj:yfsf] b'¿kof]u ug{ gkfcf];\egL em"7f ph"/L u/]sf] 7xl/Pdf ph"/L kl5 x'g]a9'jfdf To:tf] ph"/Lstf{sf] klxnf] k6ssf] ph"/LeP @ cÍ / bf];|f] k6ssf] eP # cÍ sfl6g]Joj:yf ul/Psf] xf] . ;f]xL ;/xsf] Joj:yf g]kfn6]lnlehg ;+:yfg, sd{rf/L ;]jfzt{ -5}7f}+;+zf]wg_ ljlgodfjnL, @)^^ sf] ljgod ̂ & sf]pklgod -#_ df ;d]t ul/Psf] 5 . pQm sfg"gLJoj:yf ;+ljwfg;"u s] s;/L afl´Psf] egL

lgj]bsx¿n] cfwf/ / sf/0F b]vfpg ;Sg' ePsf]5}g . t;y{ cfwf/xLg ¿kdf lbOPsf] lgj]bgvf/]h ul/kfpFm eGg];d]t k|wfgdGqL tyfdlGqkl/Èb\sf] sfof{notkm{af6 k]z ePsf]lnlvthjfkm .

a9'jf ph"/L em"7f 7xl/Pdf To;kl5x'g] a9'jfdf cÍ sfl6g] Joj:yf ;dfgtfsf] xsjf :jtGqtfsf] xs k|lts"n eGg] b]lv"b}g . pQmsfg"gL Joj:yfn] s;}nfO{ sfg"gL pkrf/ k|fKtug]{ xsaf6 al~rt u/]sf] klg 5}g . of]Joj:yfaf6 d"ntM cgfjZos jf clt/l~htk|sf/sf ph"/Lx¿nfO{ lgoGq0F ug{ vf]lhPsf]dfq xf] . lghfdtL ;]jf P]g / g]kfn 6]lnlehg;+:yfg, sd{rf/L ;]jfzt{ ljlgodfjnL, @)^^;d]t ;DalGwt sd{rf/LnfO{ nfu" x'g] sfg"gx'g\ . tL sfg"gx¿ ;DalGwt sd{rf/Lafx]s cGo;j{;fwf/0F s;}nfO{ klg nfu" x'"b}gg\. To;}n]To:tf ] ljÈodf ;fy{s ;DaGw gePsflgj]bsx¿sf] ;fj{hlgs ;/f]sf/ egL l/6 lgj]bglbg] xsb}of g} 5}g . ;f] sfg"gL Joj:yfn] dsf{kg]{ jf k/]sf] eP ;DalGwt JolQmn] ;f]pk/pkrf/ vf]Hg' kg]{ x'G5 . t;y{ xsb}ofljxLg¿kdf btf{ ePsf] k|:t't l/6 lgj]bg vf/]hul/kfpFm eGg];d]t ;"rgf tyf ;~rf/ dGqfnosf]tkm{af6 k]z ePsf] lnlvthjfkm .

lgj]bsn] pNn]v u/]sf] sfg"gL Joj:yfx¿a9'jf k|lqmofnfO{ nDAofO{ cgfjZos ¿kdf of]UopDd]bjf/x¿nfO{ b'Mv lbg] sfo{af6 /f]Sg /ab\lgotk"j{s, cfwf/xLg, em"7f ph"/L ug]{nfO{lg¿T;fflxt ug]{ p2]Zon] dfq Joj:yf ul/Psfx'g\ . lghfdtL ;]jfsf] a9'jfpk/sf] ph"/L nf]s;]jfcfof]un] ;'Gg] x'+bf ;TotYodf cfwfl/t ph"/Lu/]afkt cÍ sfl6g] cj:yf x'"b}g . em"7f ph"/Lu/]sf] k'li6 ePsf] cj:yfdf afx]s ;TotYodfcfwfl/t ph"/L u/]afkt cÍ sfl6g] klg xf]Og .t;y{ s'g} cfwf/ / sf/0F g} lagf lghfdtL ;]jf

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P]g, @)$( sf] bkmf @$r= sf] pkbkmf -$_ /g]kfn 6]lnlehg ;+:yfg, sd{rf/L ;]jfzt{ljlgodfjnL, @)^^ sf] ljlgod ^& sf]pkljlgod -#_ ab/ ul/kfpFm egL xr'jfsf]e/df btf{ u/]sf] k|:t't l/6lgj]bg vf/]h ul/kfpFmeGg];d]t ;fdfGo k|zf;g dGqfnosf] tkm{af6k]z ePsf] lnlvthjfkm .

g]kfn 6]lnlehg ;+:yfg, sd{rf/L;]jfzt{ -5}7f}+ ;+zf]wg_ ljlgodfjnL, @)^^ sf]ljlgod ^& sf] pkljlgod -#_ sf] Joj:yfn];+ljwfg k|bQ s'g} klg xsdf cf3ft k'¥ofPsf]5}g . ;f] sfg"gL Joj:yfsf] d'Vo p2]Zo a9'jfdflrQ ga'‰g] kÔnfO{ ph"/L ug{ cg'lrt aGb]hnufpg' geO{ em"7f, cfwf/xLg / sfNklgsph"/LnfO{ lg¿T;fflxt u/L of]Uo pDd]bjf/sf]a9'jfnfO{ l56f] lsgf/f nufpg] dfq xf] . t;y{pQm sfg"gL Joj:yfnfO{ ;dfgtf / :jtGqtfsf]xs ljk/Lt eGg sbflk ldNg] b]lv"b}g . ctMk|:t't l/6lgj]bg vf/]h ul/kfpFm eGg];d]t g]kfn6]lnlehg ;+:yfgsf] tkm{af6 k]z ePsf] lnlvthjfkm .

lgodadf]lhd k]zL ;"rLdf r9L lg0F{ofy{k]z ePsf] k|:t't l/6 lgj]bgdf lgj]bsx¿sf]tkm{af6 lgj]bs clwjQmf dL/f 9'+ufgfn] lghfdtL;]jf P]g, @)$( sf] bkmf @$r= sf] pkbkmf -$_ sf] Joj:yfn] sfg"gL pkrf/ kfpg] sd{rf/Lsf]xsnfO{ ;+s'lrt u/]sf] 5 . To:t} g]kfn6]lnlehg, sd{rf/L ;]jfzt{ ljlgodfjnL, @)^^sf] ljlgod ^& sf] pkljlgod -#_ sf] Joj:yfklg lje]bsf/L 5 . a9'jfsf] lg0F{oaf6 dsf{ kg]{sd{rf/LnfO{ ph"/L ug{ xtf]T;flxt ug]{ Joj:yfn]sd{rf/LnfO{ cGofo ;xg jfWo kf/]sf] 5 . o:tf]Joj:yfn] k]zf / Joj;fo ug{ kfpg] :jtGqtfdfk|lts"n c;/ kfb{5.sd{rf/Lsf] dgf]an lu/fP/p;sf] k]zfut xssf] ;Ddfg ug{ ;lsb}g .lghfdtL k|zf;g r':t, b'?:t x'gnfO{ zt{/lxt

sfg"gL pkrf/ /fHon] ;'lglZrt ug'{kb{5 . o:tf];zt{ sfg"gL Joj:yf ;+ljwfg / cGt/f{li6«odxf;lGw;d]tsf] ljk/Lt eO{ ab/efuL x'+bf cdfGo/ ab/ ul/g' kb{5 eGg];d]t ax; ug'{eof] .

ljkÔL g]kfn 6]lnlehgsf] tkm{af6 ljåfgclwjQmf 1fg]Gb| g]kfnn] g]kfn 6]lnlehg ;+:yfg,sd{rf/L ;]jfzt{ -5}7f}+ ;+zf]wg_ ljlgodfjnL,@)^^ sf] ljlgod ̂ & sf] pkljlgod s'g} Pp6fsd{rf/Lsf] xsdf dfq nfu" x'g] geO{ ;a}sd{rf/Lsf] xsdf ;dfg ¿kdf nfu" x'g] Joj:yfxf] . o:tf] ;fdfGo sfg"gL Joj:yfnfO{ s'g} JolQmljz]È;"u dfq hf]8L lg/k]Ô ¿kdf JofVof ug{ldNb}g . t;y{ ;a} sd{rf/LnfO{ Pp6} cfwf/dfnfu" x'g] sfg"gL k|fjwfgnfO{ ;dfgtfsf] xsljk/Lt eGg ;lsb}g . l/6lgj]bg cf}lrToxLgx'+bf vf/]h x'g'kb{5 eGg];d]t ax; ug'{eof] .

ljkÔL k|wfgdGqL tyf dlGqkl/Èb\sf]sfof{no;d]tsf] tkm{af6 ljåfg ;xGofoflwjQmfljgf]bs'df/ kf]v/]nn] lghfdtL ;]jf P]g, @)$(sf] bkmf @$ r= sf] pkbkmf -$_ sf] ljÈonfO{lnP/ o;eGbf cufl8 k/]sf] l/6 lgj]bgdf o;cbfntn] lg¿k0f u/L ldlt @)%&.@.@% df lg0F{ou/L l/6 vf/]h x'g] 7x/ u/]sf] 5 . Psk6s;+j}wflgstfsf] af/]df k/LÔ0F ul/;s]sf] ljÈonfO{l/6 lgj]bsn] 9f"6L k'gM btf{ u/]sf] k|:t't l/6dflyOhnf;n] ljrf/ ul//xg' kg]{ cj:yf gx'+bfl/6lgj]bg vf/]h ul/kfpFm eGg];d]t ax; ug'{eof] .

b'j} kÔsf ljåfg sfg"g Joj;foLx¿n]ug'{ ePsf] pko'{Qm ax;;d]t ;'gL ldl;n cWoogu/L lg0F{otkm{ ljrf/ ubf{ k|:t't l/6 lgj]bgdfd"ntM b]xfosf k|Zgx¿sf] lg¿k0F x'g' kg]{ b]lvof]M

-s_ lghfdtL ;]jf P]g, @)$( sf] bkmf@$r sf] pkbkmf -$_ tyf g]kfn6]lnlehg ;+:yfg, sd{rf/L ;]jfzt{-5}7f}+ ;+zf]wg_ ljlgodfjnL, @)^^ sf]



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ljlgod ̂ & sf] pkljlgod -#_ sf] sfg"gLJoj:yf ;+ljwfgljk/Lt 5, 5}g <

-v_ lgj]bssf] dfuadf]lhdsf] cfb]z hf/Lx'g' kg]{ xf] jf xf]Og <

@= lg¿k0f x'g'kg]{ klxnf] k|Zgtkm{ljrf/ ubf{ lghfdtL ;]jf P]g, @)$( sf] bkmf@$r= sf] pkbkmf -$_ tyf g]kfn 6]lnlehg;+:yfg, sd{rf/L ;]jfzt{-5}7f } + ;+zf]wg_ljgodfjnL, @)^^ sf] ljlgod ^& sf]pkljlgod -#_ sf] Joj:yf ;+ljwfgsf] wf/f!@, !# / !( ;d]t;"u afl´Psf]n] ab/ ul/kfpFmeGg] dfubfjL lnPsf] b]lvof] . lghfdtL ;]jfdfa9'jf k|lqmofnfO{ kf/bzL{ ¿kdf l56f]5l/tf]u/L 6'+uf] nufO{ of]Uotd\ sd{rf/LnfO{ dflyNnf]kbdf a9'jf ug{ / To;/L a9'jf ePsf] JolQmnfO{7f]; cfwf/ k|df0Fljgf b'Mv jf x}/fgL lbO{a9'jfsf] k|lqmofnfO{ cgGt;Dd cN´fO{ /xggkfcf];\ eGg] p2]Zo /fvL lghfdtL ;]jf P]g,@)$( sf] bkmf @$r=sf] pkbkmf -$_ dfph"/L em"7f 7xl/Pdf ph"/L kl5 x'g] a9'jfdfTo:tf] ph"/Lstf{sf] klxnf] k6ssf] ph"/L eP@ cÍ / bf];|f] k6ssf] ph"/L eP # cÍsfl6g]5 eGg] Joj:yf ul/Psf] xf] eGg] ljkÔL;/sf/L lgsfox¿sf] lnlvthjfkm b]lvG5 .g]kfn 6]lnlehg ;+:yfg, sd{rf/L ;]jfzt{ -5}7f}+ ;+zf]wg_ ljlgodfjnL, @)^^ sf] ljlgod^& sf] pkljlgod -#_ sf] Joj:yf klg lghfdtL;]jf P]gsf] bkmf @$r=sf] pkbkmf -$_ s};d¿k b]lvPsf] / ;f] Joj:yf klg ;f]xLp2]Zocg'¿k /flvPsf] eGg] ljkÔL g]kfn6]lnlehg ;+:yfgsf] lnlvthjfkm b]lvG5 .oL b'j} Joj:yfx¿ ;+ljwfgsf] wf/f !@-#_-r_åf/f k|Tofe"t ul/Psf] k]zf, /f]huf/, pBf]u,Jofkf/ ug]{ :jtGqtf, wf/f !# åf/f k|Tofe"tul/Psf] ;dfgtfsf] xs / wf/f !* åf/f k|Tofe"t

ul/Psf] /f]huf/L tyf ;fdflhs ;'/Ôf;DaGwLxssf] k|lts"n /x]sf] eGb} ;f] b'j} Joj:yf ab/x'g'kg]{ bfjL lgj]sbx¿n] lnPsf] kfOG5 .

#= lghfdtL ;]jf P]g, @)$( sf] bkmf@$r df a9'jf ph"/L zLÈ{scGtu{t pkbkmf -!_ df a9'jf l;kmfl/zpk/ ph"/ lbg ;lsg],pkbkmf -@_ df ph"/L 6'+uf] nfu]kl5 a9'jf gfdfjnL;+zf]wg ug'{kg]{ ePdf ;f] ;DaGwL ;"rgf a9'jf;ldltnfO{ lbg'kg]{, pkbkmf -#_ df q'l6k"0F{ ¿kdfd"NofÍg u/]sf] b]lvPdf d"NofÍgstf{nfO{ r]tfjgLlbg ;lsg] / pkbkmf -$_ df ph"/L em"7f7xl/Pdf klxnf] k6ssf] ph"/L eP @ cÍ /bf];|f] k6ssf] eP # cÍ s6[f ul/g] Joj:yfu/]sf] b]lvg cfp"5 . o:t} Joj:yf g]kfn6]lnlehg ;+:yfg, sd{rf/L ;]jfzt{ -5}7f}+;+zf]wg_ ljlgodfjnL, @)^^ sf] ljlgod ^&sf] pkljlgod -#_ df ul/Psf] b]lvG5 . oL b'j}Joj:yfx¿ h'g;'s} gful/ssf] xsdf cfslÈ{tx'g] sfg"gL k|fjwfg geO{ qmdzM g]kfnsf] lghfdtL;]jfdf sfo{/t lghfdtL sd{rf/L / g]kfn6]lnlehg ;+:yfgsf] ;]jfdf sfo{/t sd{rf/Lsf]xsdf dfq nfu" x'g] sfg"g eGg] b]lvG5g\ .To;}u/L lghfdtL ;]jf P]gsf] bkmf @$r= sf]pkbkmf -$_ df ePsf] Joj:yf lghfdtL ;]jfdf/x]sf] s'g} Pp6f JolQm ljz]ÈnfO{ dfq nfu" x'g]geO{ lghfdtL ;]jfleqsf] ;a} sd{rf/LnfO{ ;dfg¿kdf nfu" x'g] Joj:yf xf] . g]kfn 6]lnlehg;+:yfg, sd{rf/L ljlgodfjnL, @)^^ sf] ljlgod^&-#_ sf] Joj:yf klg g]kfn 6]lnlehgsf] ;]jfdfsfo{/t ;a} sd{rf/LnfO{ ;dfg ¿kdf nfu" x'g]Joj:yf xf] . pQm b'j} sfg"gL Joj:yfx¿sf] k|of]uubf{ s;}sf] xsdf cÍ s6[f ug]{ / s;}sf] xsdfgug]{ lje]bo'Qm cj:yfsf] u'~hfo; /x]sf] klgb]lv"b}g . To:tf] lje]bo'Qm Jojxf/ u/L s;}nfO{c;dfg ¿kdf cÍ sf6L cf3ft k'¥ofPsf] cj:yfjf b[i6fGt klg lgj]bsx¿n] b]vfpg ;s]sf] kfOb}g .

187187187187187

$= o;/L a9'jf ;ldltsf] lg0F{opk/lrQ gj'´fpg] lghfdtL ;]jf Pj+ g]kfn6]lnlehg ;+:yfgsf sd{rf/Ln] ph"/L ug]{ /;f] ph"/L em"7f 7xl/Pdf ph"/Lstf{sf] cÍs6[f ug]{ ;DaGwdf ;a} k|sf/sf jf ;a} txsfsd{rf/LnfO{ ;dfg ¿kn] nfu" x'g] u/L Joj:yful/Psf] sfg"gL k|fjwfgnfO{ k]zf /f]huf/ ug]{xs jf ;dfgtfsf] xssf] ljk/Lt eGg' ts{;Ddtx'g ;Qm}g . ;f] sfg"gL Joj:yfcg';f/ a9'jfdflrQ ga'‰g] sd{rf/Ln] a9'jfsf] lg0F{odf lrQgj'́ fO{ ph"/L u/]sf] dfq sf/0Fn] ;f] kZrftsf]a9'jf lg0F{odf p;sf] cÍ :jtM sfl6g] eGg]klg b]lv"b}g . a9'jfpk/ ph"/L lb+bf cfwf/,sf/0F / tYodf cfwfl/t eO{ ;f] ph"/LljZj;gLo b]vfpg' kg]{, olb ljgfcfwf/ jfsf/0F xr'jfsf] e/df c?nfO{ cgfjZos b'Mvjf x}/fgL lbg] jf a9'jfsf] k|lqmofnfO{ cgfjZosph"/L lbO{ nDjfO{ /fVg] k|of]hgn] dfq ph"/Lgk/f];\ eGg] p2]Zon] dfq em"7f ph"/L lbPsf]7xl/Pdf cÍ sfl6g]5 egL sfg"gL Joj:yful/Psf] :ki6 b]lvG5 . t;y{ pko'Qm sfg"gLk|fjwfgx¿nfO{ lgj]bsn] bfjL lnPh:tf];+ljwfgåf/f k|bQ k]zf jf /f]huf/Lsf] :jtGqtfjf ;dfgtfsf] xs jf ;fdflhs ;'/Ôfsf] xssf]ljk/Lt ;D´g ldNg] b]lv+b}g .

%= lghfdtL ;]jf P]g, @)$( sf] bkmf@$r sf] pkbkmf -$_ sf] o;} Joj:yfnfO{tTsfnLg g]kfn clw/fHosf] ;+ljwfg, @)$&sf] wf/f !! åf/f k|bQ ;dfgtfsf] xs / wf/f!@-@_ sf] -s_ / -ª_ cGtu{t k|Tofe"t ul/Psf]k]zf, Joj;fo / /f]huf/Lsf] xssf] ljk/Lt /x]sf]eGb} bfo/ ePsf] lgj]bs j;Gts'df/ yfkf lj?4dlGqkl/Èb\ ;lrjnfo ;d]t ePsf] l/6 lgj]bgdfo; cbfntsf] ljz]È Ohnf;af6 ;f] sfg"gLJoj:yfsf] j}wtfsf]af/]df lg¿k0f eO{ ljjflbtsfg"gL Joj:yf ;+ljwfgåf/f k|bTt ;dfgtfsf]

xs jf k]zf, Joj;fo jf /f]huf/Lsf] :jtGqtfk|lts"n g/x]sf] egL l/6lgj]bg vf/]h ePsf]b]lvG5 -g]sfk @)%&, lg=g+=^*(& k[=#^$_ .;dfg:t/sf] Ohnf;af6 Psk6s lg¿k0f ePsf]ljÈodf k'gM cGoyf ljrf/ ul//xg' cfjZos;d]t 5}g . o; cbfntaf6 Psk6s lg¿k0feO;s]sf] lghfdtL ;]jf P]g, @)$( sf] bkmf@$r= sf] pkbkmf -$_ sf] Joj:yfnfO{ g]kfn6]lnlehg ;+:yfg, sd{rf/L ;]jfzt{ -5}7f}+;+zf]wg_ ljlgodfjnL, @)^^ sf] ljlgod ^&sf] pkljlgod -#_sf] Joj:yf;"u uf";L k'gM o;cbfntsf] c;fwf/0F clwsf/Ô]q cGtu{tlgj]bsx¿ k|j]z u/]sf] b]lvof] .

^= lgj]bsx¿ clwjQmfsf] ¿kdf ;lqmo/x]sf / ;+ljwfgsf] wf/f !)& sf] pkwf/f -!_cGtu{t s'g} g]kfn sfg"gsf] j}wtfsf] k|Zg p7fO{o; cbfntsf] c;fwf/0F clwsf/Ô]q lqmofzLnu/fpg ;Ôd JolQm eGg]df ljjfb 5}g . t/;f]cg'¿k s'g} sfg"gsf] j}wflgstfsf] k|Zg p7fO{lgj]bg lbg'k"j{ lgj]bsx¿ h:tf sfg"gnfO{ k]zfsf]¿kdf cjnDag u/L lqmofzLn /x]sf JolQmn]cfkm"n] j}wflgstfsf] k|Zg p7fPsf] s'g} k|rlntsfg"gsf] af/]df o; cbfntn] ;f]eGbf cufl8klg lg¿k0f u/] gu/]sf] s] 5 eGg] af/]dfj:t'lgi7 ¿kdf vf]h, cg';Gwfg u/L osLg ug'{lghx¿sf] klxnf] st{Jo x'g cfp"5 . ;+ljwfgn]pbf/ ¿kdf s'g} sfg"gL Joj:yfsf] ;+j}wflgstfsf]af/]df k|Zg p7fO{ cbfnt k|j]z ug{ kfpg] u/Lhf];'s} g]kfnL gful/snfO{ xsb}of lbPsf] 5eGb}df ;f] xssf] lg?2]Zo / k|of]hgxLg cEof;ug{ yfNg] xf] eg] jf Pp6} ljÈodf k6sk6slgj]bg lbO{ cbfntsf] ;do, >d / ;|f]tsf]ckJoo u/fpg] xf] eg] ;+ljwfgn] k|bfg u/]sf]pbf/ xsb}ofsf] ;xL k|of]u geO{ b'¿kof]u u/]sf]7xl/G5 . To;}n ] lgj ]bs h:tf ljåfgclwjQmfx¿n] ;+ljwfgsf] wf/f !)& sf] pkwf/f



188188188188188

-!_ cGtu{t lgj]bg lnO{ o; cbfnt k|j]zug'{k"j{ cfkm"n] k|Zg p7fPsf] s'g} sfg"gsf];+j}wflgstfsf] af/]df o; cbfntn] klxn]lg¿k0f u/] gu/]sf] tYotkm{ a9L ;+j]bgzLnx'g' cfjZos 5 . Pp6} k|Zgdf o; cbfntnfO{af/Daf/ cN´fO{ /xg] jf Ps k6s lg¿k0fePsf] eGg] s'/fnfO{ nf]k u/L jf cgb]vf u/Lk'gM To:t} ljÈodf k|Zg p7fO{ k6s k6sl/6lgj]bg lb+b} hfg] xf] eg] ljjfbsf] cGToxLg>[ª\vnf v8f x'g] / Gofo lg¿k0f eO;s]sf]k|Zgdf o; cbfntn] af/Daf/ af]Nb} hfg' kg]{l:ylt cfp"5 . o:tf] cj:yfsf] nflu ;+ljwfgsf]wf/f !)& sf] pkwf/f -!_ sf] k|of]u ul/g' x'"b}g .

&= ctM dfly ljZn]È0F ul/Pcg'¿klghfdtL ;]jf P]g, @)$( sf] bkmf @$r sf]pkbkmf -$_ tyf g]kfn 6]lnlehg ;+:yfg, sd{rf/L;]jfzt{ -5}7f}+ ;+zf]wg_ ljlgodfjnL, @)^^ sf]ljlgod ^& sf] pkljlgod -#_ sf] Joj:yf;+ljwfgsf] wf/f !@-#_-r_, wf/f !# / !* ;d]tsf]k|lts"n gb]lvPsf] / lghfdtL ;]jf P]gsf] o;}Joj:yfsf] af/]df k/]sf] l/6 lgj]bgdf o;cbfntaf6 ;+j}wflgstf k/LÔ0F eO{ l/6 lgj]bgvf/]h eO/x]sf] cj:yfdf k'gM ;f]xL sfg"gLJoj:yfpk/ k|Zg p7fO{ lgj]bsx¿ o; cbfntdfk|j]z u/]sf];d]t b]lv"bf dfuadf]lhdsf] cfb]zhf/L x'g ;Sg] cj:yf b]lvPg . ctM k|:t't l/6lgj]bg vf/]h x'g] 7x5{ . bfo/Lsf] nut s6[f u/Lldl;n lgodadf]lhd a'́ fO{ lbg" .


Gof=lu/Lz rGb| nfnGof=;'zLnf sfsL{

Olt ;+jt\ @)^( ;fn sflQs !^ ut] /f]h % z'ed\===Ohnf; clws[tM ljb'/ sf]O/fnf

lg0f{o g+=*(%& lg0f{o g+=*(%& lg0f{o g+=*(%& lg0f{o g+=*(%& lg0f{o g+=*(%&

;jf]{Rr cbfnt, ljz]if Ohnf;dfggLo GofofwLz >L sNof0f >]i7

dfggLo GofofwLz >L j}Bgfy pkfWofodfggLo GofofwLz >L sdngf/fo0f bf;

l/6 g+= )^&–WS–))%^cfb]z ldltM @)^(.%.!$.%

ljifoM pTk]|if0f k/dfb]z .

l/6 lgj]bsM sf7df8f}+ lhNnf sf=d=g=kf= j8fg+= % a:g] t'o' 8+uf]n

lj?4ljkIfLM k|wfgdGqL tyf dlGqkl/ifb\sf] sfof{no

;d]t

§ ;"rgfsf] cjlwleq hUuf afF8kmfF8 u/Lkfpg lgj]bg glbO{ s/Lj rf/ jif{kl5tf]lsPsf] cjlw JotLt u/L lbOPsf]lgj]bg b/kL7 ug]{ u/L ePsf] lg0f{onfO{sfg"gljk/Ltsf] eGg g;lsg] .

-k|s/0f g+=!@_§ e"ld;DaGwL P]g, @)@! sf] bkmf @^3!

/ @^3# ;+zf]wg ug]{ u/L hf/L ePsf]e"ld;DaGwL 5}7f} ;+zf]wg cWofb]z, @)^@n] P]gsf] ¿k u|x0f ug{ g;sL cWofb]zlgliqmo x'Fbf df]xL nfu]sf] hUuf df]xL /hUufwgLsf] aLrdf jfF8kmfF8sf nflulgj]bg lbg] / hUuf jfF8kmfF8 ul/lbg]af/]sf] ;+lIfKt xbDofbsf] ;dflKteO;s]sf], To;n] df]xL nfu]sf] hUufdf/x]sf] å}w :jfldTj cGTo u/L df]xL nuts§f ug]{ / e"ldsf] pTkfbsTjdf clej[l4ug]{ P]gsf] k'lgt p2]Zo xfl;n x'gdf

189189189189189

cfPsf] cj/f]wsf ;fy} hUufjfnf /df]xLn] cf–cfk\mgf xssf] hUuf afF8kmfF8u/L lnglbgsf] nflu lgj]bg lbg] /sf/jfxL ug{] sfo{df cj/f]w cfpFbfhUufwgL / df]xLaLrsf] ;d:of oyfjt/lx/xg] b]lvPsfn] df]xL nfu]sf] hUufdf]xL / hUufwgLsf] aLrdf jfF8kmfF8ug]{ ;DaGwdf gLltut lg0f{o lnO pko'Qm/ Jojxfl/s Joj:yf ug'{ egL g]kfn;/sf/sf gfddf lgb]{zgfTds cfb]zhf/L x'g] .

-k|s/0f g+=!$_

lgj]bs tkm{af6M ljåfg ;xGofoflwjQmf ;"o{k|;fbkf]v/]n Pj+ ljåfg jl/i7 clwjQmf zDe'yfkf Pj+ clwjQmfåo 6Lsf/fd e§/fO{Pj+ eLdfh'{g cfrfo{

ljkIfL tkm{af6M ljåfg clwjQmfåo aRr'l;+ v8\sf/ /fdrGb| Gof}kfg, w'|jgfy kGt

cjnlDat ghL/M;Da4 sfg"gM§ e"ld;DaGwL P]g, @)@! sf] bkmf @^u,

@^3! / @^3#§ g]kfnsf] cGtl/d ;+ljwfg, @)^# sf]

wf/f !(

cfb]zGof=sNof0f >]i7M g]kfnsf] cGtl/d

;+ljwfg, @)^# sf] wf/f #@, !)& -!_, -@_adf]lhd bfo/ eO{ k]z x'g cfPsf] k|:t't l/6lgj]bgsf] ;+lIfKt Joxf]/f / lg0f{o o; k|sf/ 5M–

d lgj]bssf] klt :juL{o afa'sfhL 8+uf]nx'g'x'G5 . lgh afa'sfhL / daf6 Ps 5f]/fafa'nfn 8+uf]nsf] hfohGd ePsf]df lgh 5f]/f;Fu}a;L cfPsL 5' . sf7df8f}+ lhNnf, skg uf=lj=;=j8f g+= #-em_ sf] ;fljs ls=g+= @( xfn ls=g+=

$^@ sf] hUuf d lgj]bssf klt afa'sfhL8+uf]nn] df]xLsf] x}l;otdf hf]tef]u ub}{ cfpg'ePsf]df kltsf] lgwgkl5 d}n] lg/Gt/ hf]tef]uub}{ cfPsL 5' . sfg"gadf]lhd df]xLsf] x}l;otn]pQm hUufsf] cfwf lx:;f d lgj]bssf] x'g]lglZrt 5 . hUuf afF8kmfF8 u/L df]xL nuts§f u/f}+ egL hUufwgL :juL{o d}lq/Tgsf] 5f]/f;Fucfu|x ubf{ plNnlvt hUuf sf7df8f}+ pkTosfvfg]kfgL lnld6]8n] clws/0f u/L;s]sf] x'Fbf;f]xL sfof{no;Fu ;Dks{ ug'{egL hjfkm lbg'eof] .ljkIfL lnld6]8;Fu hUufwgL / df]xLaLr hUufafF8kmfF8 u/f}+ egL k6sk6s cfu|x ubf{ x'G5kl5 u/f}Fnf egL 6fb}{ cfPsf 5g\ / To;sf];'g'jfO ul/Pg .

d]/f klt df]xL hlgg] pQm hUuf d]/f]gfddf gfd;f/L u/L e"ld;DaGwL P]g, @)@! sf]bkmf @^v cg';f/ hUuf afF8kmfF8 u/L df]xLnut s§f ul/kfpFm egL @)^&.!!.!@ df ljkIfLe"ld;'wf/ sfof{nodf lgj]bg lbPsf]df lgj]bgbtf{ gu/L g]kfn /fhkqdf k|sflzt ldlt@)^#.@.@( sf] ;"rgfsf] cfwf/df afF8kmfF8;DaGwLlgj]bg lbg] Dofb @)^# r}q d;fGt;Dd /x]sf]df;f] Dofbleq lgj]bg glbO{ Dofb ;dfKt ePkl5lgj]bg ug'{ePsfn] lgj]bg btf{ ug{ gldNg] x'Fbfb/kL7 ul/lbPsf] 5 eGg] Joxf]/f kf/L ldlt@)^&.!!.@# df b/kL7 ul/of] . ljkIfLx¿sf]pQm sfo{ / Jojxf/n] ;+ljwfg k|bQ df}lns xsxgg\ x'g'sf ;fy} e"ld ;DaGwL P]g, @)@! sf];+zf]lwt bkmf @^3!, @^3# g]kfnsf] cGtl/d;+ljwfg;Fu aflemPsfn] k|:t't l/6 lgj]bg lnO{pkl:yt ePsL 5' .

df]xL xs gfd;f/L ug]{ s'g} xbDofbgePsf] / d'n'sL P]g hUuf khgLsf] @ -s_adf]lhd hlxn];'s} gfd;f/L ug]{ Dofb /xg] egL;DdfgLt cbfntaf6 l;4fGt :yflkt ePsf]5 . pQm hUufdf d]/f] cfwf xs lx:;f /xL

*(%& –*(%& –*(%& –*(%& –*(%& – t'o' 8+uf]n lj=k|wfgdGqL tyf dlGqkl/ifb\sf] sfof{no ;d]t


190190190190190

/x]sf] / xfn;Dd d]/} ef]urng tyf ;|]:tfdf;d]t gfd hlgPsfn] ljkIfLn] cGoyf eGg;s]sf] cj:yf 5}g . ljkIfL lnld6]8n] pQmhUuf clws/0f u/]sf] ;DaGwdf d lgj]bsnfO{hUufwgLaf6 s'g} hfgsf/L u/fOPsf] 5}g . d]/f]df]lxofgL xs ;'/lIft g} 5 / df]xLsf] st{Jolgjf{x u/L cfPsL 5' . ljkIfL lnld6]8n] pQmhUuf clwu|x0f u/]sf] xf] eg]klg hUuf k|flKtP]g, @)#$ sf] bkmf @) adf]lhd hUufafktlbOg] d'cfAhfsf] %) k|ltzt /sd df]xLsf]x}l;otn] d}n] kfpg] :ki6 sfg"gL Joj:yf /x]sf]/ ;f]adf]lhd d}n] pQm /sd ;d]t gkfPsfn]d}n] d]/f] df]xL xs kl/Tofu gu/]sf] :ki6 g} 5 .pQm hUufdf xfn;Dd d}n] c6'6 ¿kdf v]tLu/L cfPsf ] x ' F b f vfg ]kfgL cfof ]hgf;~rfng;DaGwL s'g} sfd ePsf] 5}g . o:tf]l:yltdf d]/f] lgj]bgdf sf/jfxL cufl8 a9fpg'kg]{df b/kL7 ug]{ lg0f{oaf6 d]/f] df}lns xsdfcg'lrt aGb]h nfUg uPsfn] pQm b/kL7sf]cfb]z pTk]|if0faf6 ab/efuL 5 .

e"ld;DaGwL P]g, @)@! sf] bkmf @^3!/ @^3# cGtl/d ;+ljwfgsf] wf/f !, !@-#_r,wf/f !#, wf/f !( ;d]t;Fu aflemPsfn] ab/efuL5 . ljkIfL dlGqkl/ifb\sf] sfof{non] /fhkqdfk|sflzt u/]sf] ;do;Ldf;DaGwL ;"rgfn];+ljwfg k|bQ ;DklQ;DaGwL xsdf aGb]hnufPsf], ;f] ;"rgf k|sfzg ug{ k|of]u ul/Psf]P]gsf] bkmf @^3! / @^3# n] ;+ljwfg k|bQdf}lnsx¿df aGb]h nufPsfn] ljkIfLx¿sf gfddflgDglnlvt cfb]z hf/L ul/kfpFmM–

-s_ ljkIfL dlGqkl/ifb\sf] lg0f{oadf]lhdldlt @)^#.@.@( sf] /fhkqdfk|sflzt ;"rgfcg';f/ e"ld;DaGwLP]gsf] bkmf @^3! / bkmf @^3#g]kfnsf] cGtl/d ;+ljwfg, @)^#

sf] wf/f !, !@-#_r, !#, !(, @!;Fu aflemPsfn] pQm bkmfx¿ k|f/DeePsf] ldltb]lv g} c;+j}wflgs 3f]liftul/kfpFm .

-v_ d lgj]bsnfO{ k|ToIf c;/ kg]{u/L df ]xL xs af F8kmf F8 ug] {;do;Ldf lgwf{/0f ug]{ u/L g]kfn/fhkqdf k|sflzt ePsf] ldlt@)^# .@ .@( sf ] ; "rgf /To;;DaGwdf cGo lg0f{o ePsfeP tL ;d]t pTk]|if0fsf] cfb]zaf6ab/ u/L d lgj]bsn] lbPsf] lgj]bgbtf{ u/L d]/f] gfddf df]xL xsgfd;f/L u/L lbO{ ljkIfL lnld6]8n]clwu|x0f ubf{sf] cj:yfdf /x]sf]hUufsf] If]qkmnaf6 g36\g] u/Ldf]xLsf] x}l;otaf6 d}n] kfpg] hUufafF8kmfF8 ul/lbg' egL ljkIfLsfgfddf k/dfb]znufotsf cGopko'Qm cfb]z hf/L ul/kfpFm .

-u_ ;fljs hUufwgLn] clwu|x0f;DaGwdf dnfO{ s'g} hfgsf/Lgu/fPsf], pQm hUuf d}n] hf]tsdf]bub}{ cfPsf] / vfg]kfgL lnld6]8n]oltsf nfdf] ;do;Dd k|of]udf;d]t gNofPsf] / Nofpg ;Sg]cj:yf;d]t gePsfn] df]xLsf] xslx:;fdf kg]{;Ddsf] efu hlt hUuflgj]bsnfO{ lkmtf{ ug'{ egL ljkIfLsfgfddf k/dfb]z hf/L ul/kfpFm eGg];d]t Joxf]/fsf] l/6 lgj]bg kq .

o;df s] s;f] ePsf] xf], lgj]bssf]dfuadf]lhdsf] cfb]z lsg hf/L x'g gkg]{ xf]hf/L x'g gkg]{ s'g} sf/0f eP !% lbgleqlnlvt hjfkm k7fpg' egL ljkIfLx¿sf gfddf

191191191191191

;"rgf hf/L ug'{ eGg] o; cbfntsf] ldlt@)^&.!@.# sf] cfb]z .

ljkIfL l/6 lgj]bsn] o; sfof{nosf] s]s'g sfdsf/jfxL jf lg0f{oaf6 lghsf] ;+ljwfgk|bQ s] s'g df}lns xsdf s] s;/L afwf k'u]sf]xf] eGg] ;DaGwdf cfkm\gf] lgj]bgdf :ki6 v'nfpg;s]sf] kfOb}+g .

e"ld;DaGwL P]gsf] bkmf @^u / @^3 dfhUufwgL / df]xLsf] xs afF8kmfF8 ug{ hUufwgL/ df]xLn] ;+o'Qm jf s'g} Psn] lgj]bg lbg ;Sg]Joj:yf /x]sf] kfOG5 eg] bkmf @^3! df pQmbkmf k|f/De ePsf] ldltn] ^ dlxgfleq lgj]bglbg'kg]{ Joj:yf u/]sf] kfOG5 . e"ld ;DaGwL -kfFrf} ;+zf]wg_ P]g @)%* n] Joj:yf u/]sf] bkmf@^3! sf] k|fjwfg adf]lhd ;f] bkmf k|f/DeePsf] ldlt @)%*.!).@% n] ̂ dlxgfleq P]gsf]bkmf @^u / @^3 adf]lhdsf] lgj]bg lbg' kg]{df;f]adf]lhd lgj]bg glbO{ ljkIfL lgj]lbsfn] ldlt@)^&.!!.!@ df dfq lgj]bg lbPsfn] P]gsf]Joj:yfcg';f/ lgj]bg btf{ gu/L b/kL7ul/lbPsf ] e " ld;'wf/ sfof {nosf ] sfo {sfg"gadf]lhds} /x]ePsfn] cGoyf eGg ldNg]b]lvFb}g . hldgdf /x]sf] 4}w :jfldTj cGTo u/L;fj{hlgs lxt sfod ug]{ p2]Zon] ul/Psf]P]gsf] pQm Joj:yf oyfy{df ;+ljwfgcg's"n/x]sf] 5 l/6 lgj]bg vf/]h ul/kfpFm eGg] ;d]tJoxf]/fsf] k|wfgdGqL tyf dlGqkl/ifb\sf] sfof{nosf]lnlvt hjfkm .

e"ld;DaGwL P]g, @)@! sf] bkmf @^3!adf]lhd df]xL nfu]sf] hUufsf] afF8kmfF8 ;DaGwLlgj]bg lbg] Dofb g]kfn /fhkqdf k|sflzt@)^#.@.@( sf] ;"rgfcg';f/ @)^# r}qd;fGt;Dd dfq ePsf]df lgj]bsn] ;f] Dofb;dfKt ePsf] sl/a $ jif{ kl5 hUuf afF8kmfF8ul/kfpFm egL lgj]bg btf{ u/fpg NofPsf] x'FbfpQm lgj]bg b/kL7 ul/Psf] xf] l/6 lgj]bg

vf/]hefuL 5 vf/]h ul/kfpFm eGg] e"ld;'wf/sfof{no sf7df8f}+sf] lnlvt hjfkm .

e"ld;DaGwL P]g, @)@! sf] rf}yf];+zf]wgn] hUufwgL / df]xLaLr hUuf afF8kmFf8ug]{ sfg"gL Joj:yf u/]sf], kfFrf} ;+zf]wgn] lgj]bglbg'kg]{ sfg"gL Joj:yf u/]sf], 5}7f] ;+zf]wg -cWofb]z_ n] ;"rgf k|sfzg u/L tf]lsPsf]Dofbleq lgj]bg lbg] sfg"gL Joj:yf u/]sf] /;f]xL sfg"gL Joj:yfadf]lhd @)^# r}qd;fGt;Dd lgj]bg lbg] Dofb g]kfn /fhkqdfk|sfzg ul/Psf], kl5 pQm cWofb]z ;+;baf6cg'df]bg x'g g;sL P]gsf] bkmf @^3! sf] ;fljsJoj:yfg} oyfjt /xg uPsf] / pQm sfg"gLJoj:yfsf sf/0f dGqfnon] o;} ljifonfO{;xhLs/0f ug{ P]gsf] bkmf @^3! nfO{ ;+zf]wgug{ Joj:yflksf ;+;bdf ljw]os k|:t't u/L;s]sfn] ;f] ljw]osn] sfg"gL ¿k u|x0f u/]kZrft\l/6 lgj]bssf] dfu bfjLsf ;DaGwdf :ki6 x'g]g} x'Fbf k|:t't l/6 lgj]bg vf/]h ul/kfpFm eGg];d]t Joxf]/fsf] e"ld;'wf/ tyf Joj:yf dGqfnosf]lnlvt hjfkm .

l/6 lgj]bsn] o; ljefunfO{ ljkIfLagfpg' kg]{ :ki6 cfwf/ v'nfpg g;s]sf] / o;ljefuaf6 lgj]bssf] s'g} xs clwsf/ xgg\gePsfn] ljgf cfwf/ / sf/0f o; ljefunfO{ljkIfL agfO{ lbPsf] l/6 lgj]bg vf/]h ul/kfpFmeGg] ;d]t Joxf]/fsf] e"ld;'wf/ tyf Joj:yfkgljefusf] lnlvt hjfkm .

k|:t't l/6 lgj]bg ;DaGwdf lgj]bssf]xs clwsf/df c;/ kg]{ s'g} lg0f{o o;sfof{noaf6 gePsf] x'Fbf l/6 lgj]bg vf/]hul/kfpFm eGg] lhNnf k|zf;g sfof{no sf7df8f}Fsf]lnlvt hjfkm .

;fljs ls=g+= @( xfn ls=g+= $^@ sf]hUuf ;fljsdf vfg]kfgL tyf 9n lgsf;;+:yfgsf] btf{ :jfldTjdf /x]sf] hUuf xf] eGg]



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s'/f nfnk"hf{ ;d]taf6 k'li6 x'G5 . ;fljsvfg]kfgL ;+:yfgsf] :jfldTjdf /x]sf] sf7df8f}+pkTosfleqsf] vfg]kfgL ;]jf;Fu ;DalGwt rncrn ;DklQ / bfloTjx¿ kl5 sf7df8f}+pkTosf vfg]kfgL Joj:yfkg af]8{df x:tfGt/0fePsf] / jf]8{dfkm{t\ o; vfg]kfgL lnld6]8nfO{pkTosf leqsf] vfg]kfgL ;]jf k|0ffnL ;~rfngsfnflu dfq s/f/df x:tfGt/0f ePsf] xf] . o;/L;fljs vfg]kfgL ;+:yfgsf] :jfldTjsf ;a} ;+/rgfvfg]kfgL Joj:yfkg af]8{df s]lGb|t ePsf]dfl/6 lgj]bsn] o; lnld6]8;Fu /x]sf] eGg] cfefiflbnfpFb} hUuf afF8kmfF8 u/f}+ egL cg'/f]w u/]sf]eGg] Joxf]/f em"7f xf] . o;/L a];/f]sf/ lgsfonfO{ljkIfL agfPsf] l/6 lgj]bg vf/]hefuL 5 .

lgj]bg bfjLsf] ;fljs ls=g+= @( xfnls=g+= $^@ sf] )–#–# -tLg cfgf tLg k};f_hUuf tTsfnLg >L % sf] ;/sf/n] )$@.#.$sf] lg0f{ocg';f/ vfg]kfgLsf] nflu 6\o'jj]nlgdf{0fsf] nflu clwu|x0f eO{ vfg]kfgL of]hgf;~rfng eO{ cfPsf] 5 . pQm hUuf xfnsf7df8f}+ pkTosf vfg]kfgL Joj:yfkg af]8{sf]:jfldTjdf /x]sf] 5 . lgj]bsn] hUuf clwu|x0fePsf] s'/f hUufwgLn] hfgsf/L gu/fPsf] tyfcfkm}n] v]tL u/L cfPsf] egL pNn]v u/]sf]Joxf]/f em"7f xf] . pQm hUuf clwu|x0f kZrft\sf7df8f} + pkTosf vfg]kfgL Joj:yfkgaf]8{dfkm{t\ s/f/df o; lnld6]8n] vfg]kfgLcfof]hgf ;~rfng u/L lg/Gt/ ¿kdf ef]urng u/L cfPsf] 5 .

sl/a @% jif{ cufl8 hUuf k|flKt P]g,@)#$ adf]lhd clwu|x0f ug]{ lg0f{o ePkl5;fljs ls=g+= @( sf] hUufwgL d}qL/Tg t'nfw/n]ldlt @)$^.%.$ df d'cfAhfsf nflu vfg]kfgL;+:yfg ;dIf lgj]bg lbPsf], ljkIfL t'o' 8+uf]n/ lghsf] 5f]/f afa'nfn 8+uf]nn] klg ldlt@)$&.$.#) df ;+:yfg ;dIf d'cfAhfsf] nflu

lgj]bg lbO{ ;+:yfgsf] ldlt @)$&.%.#! sf];b/ l6Kk0fL / ldlt @)$&.^.@% sf] kqd'tfljs lghx¿nfO{ d'cfAhf e'QmfgL lbg] cfb]zeO{ lgj]bs / lghsf] 5f]/fn] d'cfAhf a'lemlnO{;+:yfgn] nfdf] cjlwb]lv vfg]kfgLsf] nflu6\o'aj]n ;~rfng u/L cfPsf], h'g p2]Zosfnflu clwu|x0f ul/Psf] xf] ;f]xL sfddf k|of]ueO{ cfPsf] hUufnfO{ lgj]bsn] %) k|ltztdf]xL xs /x]sf] eGb} ;f] hUuf lkmtf{ kfpgbfjL ug'{ lg/y{s / cf}lrTolxg 5 l/6 lgj]bgvf/]h ul/kfpFm eGg] ;d]t Joxf]/fsf] sf7df8f}+pkTosf vfg]kfgL lnld6]8sf] lnlvt hjfkmJoxf]/f .

lgj]bgdf plNnlvt xfn ls=g+= $^@df clwu|x0f ePsf] @^ jif{;Dd s'g}klg lgdf{0fsfo{ gePsf], h'g p2]Zosf nflu clwu|x0ful/Psf] xf] Tof] k"/f x'g] cj:yf gePkl5 hUufk|flKt P]g, @)#$ sf] bkmf #$ adf]lhd To:tf]hUuf hUufwgLnfO{ lkmtf{ ug'{kg]{ afWofTds sfg"gLk|fjwfg ePsfn] To;tkm{ sf/jfxL rnfpg] d]/f]xs ;'/lIft 5 . l/6 lgj]bssf] lx:;fdf kg]{hUuf lkmtf{ ePdf d]/f] s'g} c;xdlt gePsfn]dnfO{ ljkIfL agfpg'kg]{ sf/0f 5}g, l/6 lgj]bgvf/]h xf];\ eGg] ljkIfL dfg/Tg t'nfw/sf] lnlvthjfkm Joxf]/f .

lgodadf]lhd k]z x'g cfPsf] k|:t'tl/6 lgj]bgdf lgj]bs tkm{af6 pkl:yt ljåfgjl/i7 clwjQmf >L zDe' yfkf Pj+ clwjQmfåo>L 6Lsf/fd e§/fO{ Pj+ eLdfh'{g cfrfo{n] xfnls=g+= $^@ sf] hUufdf lgj]bssf] df]xL xslgxLt /x]sf] eGg] s'/f hUufwgL k|df0fk"hf{;d]taf6 b]lvO{ /x]sf] / pQm hUufdf df]xLsf]x}l;otn] lg/Gt/ hf]tef]u u/L /x]sf] cj:yf5 . e"ld;DaGwL P]gsf] Joj:yfcg';f/ pQmhUufdf xfd|f] kIfsf] cfwf xs lx:;flgxLt/x]sf] / P]gsf] Joj:yfcg';f/ hUuf afF8kmfF8

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ug{ lgj]bg lbFbf To;df sf/jfxL gul/gfn];DklQ;DaGwL xsdf cf3ft k'Ug uPsf] 5 .h'g lgsfoaf6 tTsfnsf] cjlwdf xfd|f] xsclwsf/df cf3ft k'¥ofpg] u/L lg0f{o /sfdsf/jfxL ePsf] xf] ;f]xL lgsfonfO{ ljkIfLagfOPsf] 5 . ljjflbt hUufdf df]xLn] g}tf/jf/ nufO{ t/sf/L v]tL u/L /x]sf] cj:yf5 . pQm hUuf clwu|x0f ul/Psf] elgPtfklgclwu|x0f ubf{sf] k|of]hgdf pkof]u ul/Psf]5}g . df]xLn] d'cfAhf a'em]sf] cj:yf ;d]t5}g . hUufwgLsf] :jfldTj kl/jt{g x'Fb}df df]xLxs hfg] xf]Og . e"ld;DaGwL P]gsf] bkmf @^3!/ @^3# sf] Joj:yfn] ;DklQ;DaGwL xsdfaGb]h nufPsf] cj:yf /x]sf] / df]lxofgL xssf]afF8kmfF8df ;d:of /x]sf] x'Fbf dfuadf]lhdsf]cfb]z hf/L xf];\ egL ax; ug'{eof] . ljkIfLk|wfgdGqL tyf dlGqkl/ifb\sf] sfof{no ;d]tsftkm{af6 pkl:yt ljåfg ;x¥ofoflwjQmf >L;"o{k|;fb kf]v/]nn] e"ld;DaGwL P]gdf ePsf]5}7f} ;+zf]wg cWofb]zcg';f/ df]xL nfu]sf] hUufafF8kmfF8 u/L lng lgj]bg lbg] Dofb @)^#;fn r}q d;fGtleq tf]lsPsf]df ;f] cjlwJotLt ePkl5 afF8kmfF8sf] lgj]bg k/]sf] x'gfn]To:tf] lgj]bg b/kL7 ul/g' sfg"g;+ut 5 .lgj]bsn] bfjL u/]sf] hUuf vfg]kfgL tyf 9nlgsf; ;+:yfgsf] nflu clwu|x0f eO{ ;s]sf] /:jfldTj;d]t ;/]sf] x'gfn] lgj]bg ug]{ clwsf/g} 5}g . lgj]bs ljnDa u/L cfPsf] cj:yf;d]t ljBdfg 5 . lgj]bsn] c;+j}wflgs /x]sf]egL bfjL u/]sf] e"ld;DaGwL P]gsf] Joj:yfn]s;}sf] xs clwsf/ ;dflKt u/]sf] 5}g, pQmJoj:yfcg';f/ k|sflzt ;"rgf cg';f/afF8kmfF8df lgj]bg u/] cfwf hUufdf :jfldTjcfpg] xf], gq df]xLn] hUuf sdfpg] xsdfaGb ]h nufPsf ] cj:yf 5 }g , hUufjfF8kmfF8;DaGwL Joj:yfnfO{ ;/n Pj+ Jojxfl/s

agfpg] p2]Zon] P]g ;+zf]wg ug]{ tof/L eO/x]sf]x'Fbf dfuadf]lhdsf] cfb]z hf/L x'g] cj:yf5}g l/6 vf/]h xf];\ egL ax; ug'{eof] .

ljkIfL sf7df8f}+ pkTosf vfg]kfgLlnld6]8sf] tkm{af6 ljåfg clwjQmf åo >LaRr'l;+ v8\sf / /fdrGb| Gof}kfg]n] ljkIfL l/6lgj]bs ljjflbt hUufsf] df]xLsf] >LdtLsf] gftfn]l/6 lgj]bg lnP/ cfpg' ePsf] 5, lghsfgfddf df]xL xs gfd;f/L ePsf] eGg ;Sg'ePsf]5}g, lgj]bgdf h'g lgsfonfO{ ljkIfL agfpg'kg]{xf ] p;nfO{ agfpg ;s]sf] cj:yf 5}g,a];/f]sf/jfnf lgsfonfO{ ljkIfL agfOPsf] 5 .lgj]bgdf plNnlvt hUuf vfg]kfgLsf] 6\o"jj]nlgdf{0fsf nflu clwu|x0f eO{ vfg]kfgL tyf 9nlgsf; ;+:yfgsf] :jfldTjdf cfPsf] hUuf xf],To; ;+:yfgsf] ef}lts ;DklQ sf7df8f} +pkTosfdf vfg]kfgL af]8{df x:tfGt/0f ePsf]5, sf7df8f}+ pkTosf vfg]kfgL lnld6]8nfO{ljkIfL agfpg'kg]{ xf]Og, ljkIfLnfO{ pQm hUufsf]d'cfAhf lbg] lg0f{o eO{ d'cfAhf lnO{ ;s]sf] /pQm hUuf clwu|x0f ul/Psf] k|of]hg d} pkof]uePsf] x'Fbf l/6 vf/]h xf];\ egL tyf ljkIfLdfg/Tgsf] tkm{af6 ljåfg clwjQmf >L w'|jgfykGtn] plNnlvt hUuf clwu|x0f ePkl5 d}n]kfpg] d'cfAhf a'emL lnPsf] xf] xfdLnfO{ ljkIfLagfpg'kg]{ s'g} sf/0f gePsfn] l/6 vf/]hxf];\egL ug'{ePsf] ax; ;d]t ;'lgof] .

k]z ePsf] l/6 lgj]bgkq;lxtsf ldl;nsfuh cWoog u/L b'j} tkm{sf ljåfg sfg"gJoj;foLx¿sf] ax; lhsL/nfO{ b[li6ut ubf{l/6 lgj]bssf] dfuadf]lhdsf] cfb]z hf/L x'gkg]{xf] xf]Og eGg] ljifodf lg0f{o lbg'kg]{ b]lvof] .

@= lg0f{otkm{ ljrf/ ubf{, ;fljs ls=g+=@( xfn ls=g+= $^@ sf] hUufdf cfk\mgf] kltdf]xL /x]sf]df kltsf] d[To'kl5 pQm hUuf df]xLsf]x}l;otdf cfk"mn] lg/Gt/ hf]tef]u u/L cfPsf],



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hUufwgL;Fu hUuf afF8kmfF8 ug{ cg'/f]w ubf{gu/L lbPsf x'gfn] e"ld;'wf/ sfof{nodfafF8kmfF8sf] lgj]bg lbFbf b/kL6 u/LlbPsfn] hUufafF8kmfF8 u/L df]xLsf] cfwLlx:;f 5'6\ofO{ lbg'eGg] k/dfb]z hf/L ug'{sf ;fy} e"ld;DaGwL P]g,@)@! sf] bkmf @^3! / @^3# df /x]sf] Joj:yfn];+ljwfgk|bQ ;DklQsf] df}lns xsnfO{ s'l07tt'NofO ;+ljwfg;Fu aflemPsfn] pQm bkmfx¿sf]Joj:yf cdfGo / ab/ 3f]lift ul/kfpFm eGg]lgj]bssf] dfubfjL /x]sf] b]lvG5 .

#= ;j{k|yd e"ld;DaGwL P]g, @)@! sf]bkmf @^3! / @^3# df /x]sf] Joj:yf ;+ljwfg;FuaflemPsfn] pQm Joj:yf ab/ x'g' kg]{ egLlgj]bsn] bfjL u/]sf] ;DaGwdf ljrf/ ug'{kg]{ePsf] 5 . lgj]bsn] c;+j}wflgs egL r'gf}tLlbPsf] e"ld;DaGwL P]g, @)@! sf] bkmf @^3! /@^3# df /x]sf] sfg"gL Joj:yf b]xfocg';f//x]sf] kfOof]M–

bkmf @^3!M lgj]bg lbg'kg]{M bkmf @û / @^3sf] k|of]hgsf] nflu of] bkmf k|f/DeePsf] ldltn] ^ dlxgfleq lgj]bglbg'kg]{5 .

bkmf @^3#M sf/jfxL 6'Ëf] nufO;Sg'kg]{M df]xLnfu]sf] hUuf o; P]gadf]lhd hUufjfnf/ df]xLaLr afF8kmfF8 ug]{ sf/jfxLtf]lsPsf] clwsf/Ln] of] bkmf k|f/DeePsf] ldltn] b'O{ jif{leq 6'Ëf] nufO{;Sg'kg]{5 .

$= e"ld;DaGwL P]g, @)@! sf] bkmf@û df df]xL nfu]sf] hUufdf hUufjfnf / df]xLb'j} kIfn] ;xdltåf/f hUuf afF8kmfF8 u/L lnglbg rfx]df jf cfkm\gf] efudf kg]{ hUufsf] d"NolnO{ hUufjfnf jf df]xLdWo] s;}nfO{ k"/} hUuf5f]8L df]xL nut s§f ug{ rfx]df To;sf] ljj/0f

v'nfO{ tf]lsPsf] clwsf/L;dIf ;+o'Qm¿kdf lgj]bglbg'kg]{ / To;/L lgj]bg k/]df ;DalGwt clwsf/Ln]tbg'¿k ug{ ;Sg] k|fjwfg /x]sf] b]lvG5 . To:t},pQm P]gsf] bkmf @^3 df hUuf afF8kmfF8 ug]{ljifodf hUufwgL / df]xL cfk;df ;xdt x'gg;sL hUufwgL jf df]xLdWo] s'g} Ps kIfn]lgj]bg lbPdf ;DalGwt clwsf/Ln] g/du/dldnfO{ hUufwgL / df]xLnfO{ cfwfcfwf x'g] u/LhUuf afF8kmfF8 u/L df]xL nut s§f ug'{kg]{sfg"gL Joj:yf /x]sf] b]lvG5 . o;}u/L pQmP]gsf] bkmf @^3@ df, bkmf @^3! sf] DofbleqhUuf afF8kmfF8 ug{ hUufwgL jf df]xLdWo] s;}sf]klg lgj]bg kg{ gcfP klg ;DalGwt clwsf/Ln]cfjZos k|df0f a'emL hUuf afF8kmfF8 ul/lbg'kg]{Joj:yf /x]sf] b]lvG5 .

%= plNnlvt bkmf @^3!, bkmf @^3@,bkmf @^3# sf Joj:yfx¿ e"ld;DaGwL -kfrf}F;+zf]wg_ P]g @)%* af6 / @û / @^3 sfJoj:yfx¿ rf}yf] ;+zf]wg @)%# af6 yk ePsf]kfOG5 . e"ld;DaGwL P]g, @)@! df ;+zf]wgu/L yk ePsf pQm Joj:yfx¿ hldgdf /x]sf]å}w :jfldTj cGTo u/L ;fj{hlgs lxt sfodug]{ p2]Zon] NofO{Psf x'g\ egL lnlvt hjfkmdfpNn]v ul/Psf] b]lvof] . tL sfg"gL Joj:yfsf]cWoog u/L x]bf{ df]xL nfu]sf] hUufdf /x]sf] å}w:jfldTjnfO{ cGTo ug]{ ljwflosfsf] dg;fo /x]sf]:ki6 b]lvG5 . e"lddf /x]sf] hUufwgL / df]xLsf]bf]xf]/f] :jfldTjsf] cGTo u/L df]xL nut s§fug]{ / e"ldsf] pTkfbsTjdf clej[l4 u/L cfly{sljsf;df 6]jf k'¥ofpg] pQm P]gsf] p2]Zodflgj]bsn] cfklQ hgfPsf] cj:yf b]lvFb}g .

^= ;dosf] kl/jt{g / ;fdflhscfjZostfcg'¿k ;j{;fwf/0f hgtfsf] ;'ljwf/ cfly{s lxt sfod /fVg s:tf] sfg"g agfpg]jf eO/x]sf] sfg"gdf s] s:tf] ;+zf]wg ug]{ eGg]ljifo ljwflosfsf] clwsf/If]qleq kg]{ ljifo

195195195195195

xf] . ;f]lxcg';f/ ljwflosfn] e"ld;DaGwL P]gdf;+zf]wg u/L bkmf @^3! / @^3# ;d]tsf Joj:yfu/]sf] kfOG5 . plNnlvt Joj:yfn] df]xL nfu]sf]hUuf afF8kmFf8 ug{sf nflu lgj]bg lbg / o;/Lk/]sf lgj]bgx¿sf] km5\of}{6 ug]{ ljifodf sfg"gn];do;Ldf lgwf{/0f u/]sfn] g]kfnsf] cGtl/d;+ljwfg, @)^# sf] wf/f !( åf/f k|bQ;DklQ;DaGwL clwsf/sf] pkof]udf aGb]hnufPsf] / ;+ljwfg;Fu aflemPsf] 5 eGg]lgj]bssf] bfjL /x]sf] 5 .

&= ;DklQ;DaGwL clwsf/sf] k|Tofe"ltug]{ cGtl/d ;+ljwfgsf] wf/f !(-!_ df /x]sf]Joj:yf x]bf{ æk|To]s gful/snfO{ k|rlnt sfg"gsf]cwLgdf /xL ;DklQ cfh{g ug]{, ef]u ug]{, a]rlavgug]{ / ;DklQsf] cGo sf/f]af/ ug]{ xs x'g]5ÆeGg] pNn]v ePsf ] kfOG5 . l;4fGttM;+ljwfgk|bQ s'g} klg df}lns xs jf :jtGqtfjGb]h/lxt x'Fb}gg\ . lg/k]If xs jf :jtGqtfsf]kl/sNkgf ug{ klg ;lsFb}g . df}lns xs jf:jtGqtfs} /Iffsf] nflu klg To;sf] pkef]udfs]xL ;Ldf jf aGb]hx¿ lgwf{/0f ug'{ ckl/xfo{x'g] s'/fnfO{ :jLsf/ ul/Psf] 5 . ;+ljwfg :jo+jf ljwflosf lgld{t sfg"gåf/f To:tf ;Ldf jfaGb]hx¿ lgwf{/0f x'g] ub{5g\ . plNnlvt wf/f!( sf] Joj:yfdf g} ;DklQ;DaGwL xs æsfg"gsf]cwLgdf /xLÆ pkof]u ug{ ;lsg] / ;+/lIft x'g]xssf] ¿kdf k|Tofe"t ePsf] b]lvG5 . gful/sn];DklQ cfh{g ubf{{, ef]u ubf{{, a]rlavg nufotsfcGo sf/f]af/ ubf{ k|rlnt sfg"gadf]lhd ug'{kg]{:ki6 ;+j}wflgs Joj:yf ePsfn] ljwflosLsfg"gn] of] xssf] pkof]u / k|rngdf d'gfl;jaGb]h nufpg ;Sg] jf lgodg ug{ ;Sg] tyfsfg"gsf] kl/lwleq /x]/ dfq of] xssf] pkef]uug{ kfO{g] eGg] b]lvG5 .

*= s'g}klg sfg"gL Joj:yf c;+j}wfflgs7x/ x'gsf nflu To:tf] sfg"gn] ;+ljwfg

k|bQ df}lns xsdf cg'lrt aGb]h nufPsf]jf cGo sf/0fn] ;+ljwfg;Fu aflemPsf] x'g'k5{ . To:tf] sfg"g ts{;Ët, ljj]sk"0f{ /Gofok"0f{ /x]sf] 5}g eGg] :ki6 b]lvg' k5{ .k|:t't l/6 lgj]bgsf] ;Gbe{df e"ld;DaGwLP]g, @)@! sf] bkmf @^3! tyf @^3# sf]sfg"gL Joj:Yffn] df]xL nfu]sf] hUuf afF8kmfF8ug{ lgj]bg lbg] tyf To:tf lgj]bgx¿sf]km5\of}{6 ug]{ ljifodf ;do;Ldf lgwf{/0f u/Lo; ljifonfO{ lgoldt u/]sf] b]lvg cfpF5 .dfly ljj]rgf ul/Pcg';f/ hldgdf /x]sf]hUufwgL / df]xLsf] bf]xf]/f] :jfldTjsf] cGTou/L df]xL nut s§f ug]{ / e"ldsf] pTkfbsTjdfclej[l4 ug]{ p2]Zon] ljwflosfn] To:tf]Joj:yf u/]sf] eGg] b]lvPsf] 5 . sfg"gsf]pQm Joj:yfn] df]xL xssf] ;dflKt x'g] jfsfg"gadf]lhd df]xL nut s§f geP;Dddf]xLsf] x}l;otn] hUuf hf]Tg gkfpg] eGg]lsl;dn] s'g} lsl;dsf] jGb]h nufPsf] b]lvgcfpb}g . o:tf] l:yltdf plNnlvt e"ld;DaGwLP]g, @)@! sf] bkmf @^3! tyf @^3# sf]sfg"gL Joj:Yffn] cGtl/d ;+ljwfgsf] wf/f!(-!_ åf/f k|bQ ;DklQsf] xsnfO{ s'l07tt'NofPsf] eGg] lgj]bssf] lhsL/;Fu ;xdtx'g ;lsPg .

(= cj lgj]bsn] df]xL nfu]sf] hUufafF8kmfF8 ;DaGwdf lbPsf] lgj]bg btf{ u/L cfkm\gf]gfddf df]xL xs gfd;f/L u/L lbO{ df]xLsf]x}l;otaf6 kfpg] hUuf afF8kmfF8 ul/lbg' egLk/dfb]z hf/L ul/kfpFm eGg] dfu bfjLsf;DaGwdf ljrf/ ug'{kg]{ x'g cfPsf] 5 . lgj]bsn]bfjL u/]sf] ls=g+= $^@ sf] hUuf clwu|x0f;DaGwdf cfkm"nfO{ s'g} hfgsf/L gu/fOPsf],pQm hUuf df]xLsf] x}l;otdf lg/Gt/ ¿kdfhf]tsdf]b ub}{ cfPsf] egL lhsL/ lnPsf] kfOof] .pQm hUufdf lgj]bssf klt jfj'sfhL 8+uf]n



196196196196196

df]xL /x]sf] eGb} lgh df]xLsf] kTgLsf] x}l;otdfk|:t't l/6 lgj]bg bfo/ u/]sf] kfOof] . lghn]kltsf gfdsf] df]lxofgL xs e"ld;DaGwL P]g /lgodfjnLcg';f/ cfkm\gf] gfddf gfd;f/L u/L;s]sf] eGg] b]lvg cfpb}g . df]xL gfd;f/L ug{sfnflu ;flwsf/ lgsfo e"ld;'wf/ sfof{nodflgj]bg lbPsf]df To:tf] lgj]bg b/kL7 u/L lbPsf]eP ;f] pk/ k|rlnt sfg"gadf]lhd k'g/fj]bgcbfntdf k'g/fj]bg lbg'kg]{ x'G5 . ;f]adf]lhdj}slNks pkrf/sf] dfu{ x'Fbfx'Fb} To;sf] cjnDaggu/L o; cbfntsf ] c;fwf/0fclwsf/If]qcGtu{t bfo/ ePsf] k|:t't l/6lgj]bgaf6 lg0f{o x'g ;Sg] cj:yf /xb}g . ;fy}k|:t't l/6af6 tYo / k|df0fsf] d"NofÍg u/Ldf]xL gfd;f/Lsf ;DaGwdf lg0f{o ug]{ l:ylt;d]t x'Fb}g .

!)= hxfF;Dd l/6 lgj]bgdf hUufafF8kmfF8 ;DaGwdf lbPsf] lgj]bg btf{ u/L df]xLsf]x}l;otaf6 kfpg] hUuf afF8kmfF8 ul/lbg k/dfb]zdfu ulPsf] 5 To;;DaGwdf x]bf{, ;fljs ls=g+=@( xfn ls=g+= $^@ sf] hUuf tTsfnLg >L %sf] ;/sf/n] )$@.#.!$ sf] lg0f{ocg';f/vfg]kfgLsf] nflu 6\o'jj]n lgdf{0fsf] nflu clwu|x0feO{ xfn sf7df8f}+ pkTosf vfg]kfgL Joj:yfkgaf]8{sf] :jfldTjdf /x]sf] s'/f lnlvt hjfkmdfpNn]v ePsf] kfOG5 . To;}u/L lgj]bs cfkm}n]v]tL u/L cfPsf] egL pNn]v u/]sf] Joxf]/f em"7f/x]sf] / pQm hUuf clwu|x0fkZrft\ sf7df8f}+pkTosf vfg]kfgL Joj:yfkg af]8{dfkm{t\ s/f/dfo; lnld6]8n] vfg]kfgL cfof]hgf ;~rfngu/L lg/Gt/ ¿kdf ef]u rng u/L cfPsf] eGg]Joxf]/f ;d]t sf7df8f}F pkTofsf vfg]kfgLlnld6]8sf] lnlvt hjfkmdf pNn]v ul/Psf]5 . pQm hUufsf] hUufwgL dfg/Tg t'nfw/n];d]t ljjflbt hUuf tTsfnLg >L % sf] ;/sf/n]clwu|x0f u/]sf] / cfk"mn] d'cfJhf;d]t j'lemlnPsf]

egL :jLsf/ u/]sf] tyf ldl;n ;+nUg kmfOnaf6;d]t pQm hUuf vfg]kfgLsf] 6\o"jj]n lgdf{0f;d]tsf nflu clwu|x0f ePsf] eGg] b]lvg cfPsf]5 .

!!= @)$@ ;fndf hUuf k|flKt P]g,@)#$ adf]lhd plNnlvt hUuf clwu|x0f ug]{lg0f{o ePkl5 pQm hUufsf df]xL jfj'sfhL8+uf]nsL >LdtL oL l/6 lgj]bs t'o' 8+uf]n /lghsf ] 5f ]/ f afa 'nfn 8 +uf ]nn ] ldlt@)$&.$.#) df g]kfn vfg]kfgL tyf 9nlgsf; ;+:yfg;dIf d'cfAhf e'QmfgL kfpgsf]nflu lgj]bg lbO{ ;+:yfgsf] ldlt @)$&.%.#!sf] ;b/ l6Kk0fL / ldlt @)$&.^.@% sf] kqd'tfljs lghx¿nfO{ d'cfAhf e'QmfgL lbg] cfb]zePsf] ldl;n ;+nUg sfuhaf6 b]lvg cfPsf]5 . To; s'/fnfO{ Ohnf;df lgj]bstkm{sfsfg"g Joj;foLn] c:jLsf/ ug'{ ePsf] kfOPg .o;/L hUuf clwu|x0f eO;s]kl5 df]xLsf]x}l;otdf kfpg] d'cfJhf bfjL u/L oL lgj]bs;d]tn] lgj]bg lbPsf] s'/fnfO{ nf]k u/L hUufclwu|x0f ePsf] s'/f cfkm"nfO{ hfgsf/L g}gePsf], hUufwgLn] ;d]t hfgsf/L glbPsf]eGg] Joxf]/f l/6 lgj]bgdf pNn]v u/L o;cbfntdf k|j]z u/]sf] kfOFbf lgj]bs ;kmfxft lnP/ o; cbfntdf cfPsf] eGg] b]lvgcfPg . cfk\mgf] xs clwsf/ xgg\ ePsf] egLpkrf/dfUg cbfntdf lgj]bg lnO cfpFbfePsf] Joxf]/f :ki6 v'nfO{ ;kmfxft lnP/k|j]z ug'{kg]{df ;f] dfGotfsf] ljk/Lt lgj]bgbfo/ ePsf] b]lvg cfPsf] 5 . ;fy} @)$@;fndf hUuf clwu|x0f ug]{ lg0f{o ePsf] /@)$& ;fndf d'cfJhf kfpgsf nflu cfkm}n]lgj]bg lbPsf] l:yltdf s/Lj @) jif{sf] nfdf]cjlwkl5 k|:t't l/6 lgj]bg bfo/ u/]sf]kfOPsfn] lgj]bsn] cg'lrt ljnDa u/L lgj]bglbPsf] ;d]t b]lvg cfof] .

197197197197197

!@= e"ld;DaGwL 5}7f} ;+zf]wg cWofb]z,@)^@ n] bkmf @^3!df ;+zf]wg u/L hUufaf8kmfF8sf nflu g]kfn ;/sf/n] ;"rgf k|sfzgu/L tf]lsPsf] Dofbleq lgj]bg lbg'kg]{ sfg"gLJoj:yf u/]]cg';f/ g]kfn ;/sf/ e"ld;'wf/ tyfJoj:yf dGqfnoaf6 df]xLnfu]sf] hUuf hUufjfnf/ df]xLn] afF8kmfF8 u/L lng lgj]bg lbg] Dofb@)^# r}t d;fGt;Dd tf]s]sf] egL ldlt@)^#.@.@( df ;"rgf k|sfzg ePsf] b]lvG5 .pQm ;"rgfadf]lhdsf] cjlwleq hUuf afF8kmfF8u/L kfpg lgj]bg glbO{ s/Lj rf/ jif{kl5ldlt @)^&.!!.!@ df oL lgj]bsn] e"ld;'wf/sfof{nodf lgj]bg lbPsf] b]lvFbf tf]lsPsf] cjlwJotLt u/L lbOPsf] To:tf] lgj]bg b/kL7 ug]{u/L e"ld;'wf/ sfof{no sf7df8f}+n] u/]sf] lg0f{osfg"gljk/Ltsf] eGg ;Sg] cj:yf /x]g .

!#= ctM dfly laa]rgf ul/Pcg';f/sfcfwf/ / sf/0faf6 l/6 lgj]bssf] dfuadf]lhdsf]cfb]z hf/L x'g ;Sg] cj:yf b]lvg gcfPsfn]k|:t't l/6 lgj]bg vf/]h x'g] 7x5{ .

!$= t/, e"ld;DaGwL P]g, @)@! sf]bkmf @^3! / @^3# ;+zf]wg ug]{ u/L hf/L ePsf]e"ld;DaGwL 5}7f} ;+zf]wg cWofb]z @)^@ n] P]gsf]¿k u|x0f ug{ g;sL cWofb]z lgliqmo x'Fbf df]xLnfu]sf] hUuf df]xL / hUufwgLsf] aLrdfjfF8kmfF8sf nflu lgj]bg lbg] / hUuf jfF8kmfF8ul/lbg] af/]sf] ;+lIfKt xbDofbsf] ;dflKt eO{;s]sf],To;n] df]xL nfu]sf] hUufdf /x]sf] å}w :jfldTjcGTo u/L df]xL nut s§f ug]{ / e"ldsf]pTkfbsTjdf clej[l4 ug]{ P]gsf] k'lgt p2]Zoxfl;n x'gdf cj/f]w cfPsf] cj:yf b]lvg'sf;fy} hUufjfnf / df]xLn] cf–cfk\mgf xssf] hUufafF8kmfF8 u/L lnglbgsf] nflu lgj]bg lbg] /sf/jfxL ug{] sfo{df cj/f]w cfpFbf hUufwgL /df]xLaLrsf] ;d:of oyfjt /lx/xg] b]lvPsfn]df]xL nfu]sf] hUuf df]xL / hUufwgLsf] aLrdf

jfF8kmfF8 ug]{ ;DaGwdf bkmf @^3! / @^3# dfePsf] cjlw ;DaGwdf gLltut lg0f{o lnO pko'Qm/ Jojxfl/s Joj:yf ug'{ egL g]kfn ;/sf/sfgfddf lgb]{zgfTds cfb]z hf/L ul/lbPsf] 5 .of] cfb]zsf] hfgsf/L ljkIfLnfO{ lbO{ bfo/Lsf]nut s§fu/L ldl;n lgodfg';f/ a'emfO{ lbg" .


Gof=j}Bgfy pkfWofoGof=sdngf/fo0f bf;

Olt ;+jt\ @)^( ;fn ebf} !$ ut] /f]h % z'ed\Ohnf; clws[tM 6Lsf/fd cfrfo{

lg0f{o g+=*(%* lg0f{o g+=*(%* lg0f{o g+=*(%* lg0f{o g+=*(%* lg0f{o g+=*(%*

;jf]{Rr cbfnt, k"0f{ Ohnf;dfggLo GofofwLz >L lu/Lz rGb| nfn

dfggLo GofofwLz >L k|sfz j:tLdfggLo GofofwLz >L j}Bgfy pkfWofo

l/6 g+= )^(–WF–)))*cfb]z ldltM @)&).!.!@.%

ljifo M pTk|]if0f k/dfb]z .

lgj]bsM 88]nw'/f lhNnf, eb|k'/ uf=lj=;=j8f g+=@ a:g] s[lif ;fdu|L sDkgL lnld6]8sf]k|jGws -clws[t bzf}+ tx_ kbaf6 :j]lR5scjsfz lnPsf] rt'e'{h e§ ;d]t

lj?4ljkIfLM sf7df8f}F lhNnf, sf=d=g=kf= j8f g+=

!^ s'n]Zj/ l:yt s[lif ;fdu|L sDkgLlnld6]8 ;d]t

&&&&&

*(%* –*(%* –*(%* –*(%* –*(%* – rt'e{h e6[ ;d]t lj=s[lif ;fdu|L sDkgL ln=;d]t


198198198198198

§ ;fdfGotM cfo ul/G5 eg] To;dfsfg"gadf]lhd s/ nfUb5 eGg] s'/fsf]cg'dfg ul/g' kb{5 . To;df klg s/nfUg] / gnfUg] eGg] s'/fdf sfg"gdfePsf b'O{ Joj:yfaLr c;df~h:otfb]lvG5 eg] cGoyf k|dfl0ft geP;Dds/ nfUb5 eGg] Joj:yfsf] kIfdf cg'dfgug'{kg]{ .

-k|s/0f g++=!)_§ cjsfz e'QmfgLafkt lbOPsf] cltl/Qm

;x'lnot /sddf kGw| k|ltzt jf kfFrk|ltztdWo] s] slt s/ nfUg] xf] eGg];DaGwdf låljwf ePsf] eP ;f]xLk|lqmofadf]lhd :ki6 x'g ;lsg]df s/k|zf;g ug]{ s/ sfof{nonfO{ ljkIfL g}gagfO{ ;Lw} l/6 If]qdf k|j]z u/]sf];d]t sfg"g;Ddt gb]lvg] .

-k|s/0f g++=!#_

lgj]bs tkm{af6M ljåfg jl/i7 clwjQmf k|]daxfb'/v8\sf

ljkIfL tkm{af6M ljåfg clwjQmf s[i0fs'df/cfª\bDa]

cjnlDat ghL/M;Da4 sfg"gM§ cfos/ P]g, @)%* sf] bkmf @-ª_, !@,

^#, ^$, ^%-!_, &^, **-!+_

cfb]zGof=lu/Lz rGb| nfnM g]kfnsf] cGtl/d

;+ljwfg, @)^# sf] wf/f #@ / !)&-@_ adf]lhdbfo/ eO{ ;+o'Qm Ohnf;af6 ;jf]{Rr cbfntlgodfjnL, @)$( sf] lgod #-!_-v_ adf]lhdsfg"gsf] JofVof Pj+ Ps¿ktfsf] nflu k"0f{Ohnf;df k7fpg] cfb]z ePcg';f/ k]z x'gcfPsf] k|:t't l/6 lgj]bgsf] ;+lIfKt tYo /cfb]z o; k|sf/ 5 M–

xfdL lgj]bsx¿ s[lif ;fdu|L sDkgLlnld6]8df ljleGg ldltdf ;]jf k|j]z u/Lcgj/t\ ¿kdf sfo{/t\ /xL cfPsf lyof}+ . s[lif;fdu|L sDkgL lnld6]8sf] ljleGg kbx¿dfsfo{/t /xL ldlt @)^%.!@.!! b]lv nfu" x'g]u/L ;]jf lgj[Q ePsf 5f}+ . xfdL lgj]bsx¿sDkgLdf axfn /xL sfdsfh ubf{s} ;dodfsDkgLn] df}h'bf sf/f]jf/sf] b[li6df hgzlQmaf]lemnf] ePsf] / sf/f]jf/ l:ylt xfns} cj:yfdf/xFbf tna e'QmfgL ug{ ;d]t sl7t x'g] cj:yfb]lvPsf]n] :j]lR5s cjsfz of]hgf sfof{Gjogsf]nflu ;~rfns ;ldltaf6 ul7t pk;ldltsf]k | ltj]bg sfof {Gjogsf] nflu sDkgLsf ]Joj:yfkgaf6 ;~rfns ;ldltdf Ps k|:tfjk]z ul/Psf] lyof] . sDkgLsf] sf/f]jf/sf] l:yltxfns} cj:yfdf /lx/x] lgs6 eljio d} tnae'QmfgL ug{ ;d]t sl7gfO{ x'g] cj:yf l;h{gfeO{ ;DklQ laqmL ljt/0f u/L ;f]af6 bfloTjJoxf]g]{ u/L clgjfo cjsfz lbg' kg]{ l:yltb[li6ut ubf{ pk;ldltsf] k|ltj]bgcg';f/ ljutaif{x¿df :j]lR5s cjsfz of]hgf nfu" ubf{lbO{ cfPsf ;'ljwfx¿ k|bfg ug]{ u/L :j]lR5scjsfzsf] ;"rgf k|sflzt ug]{ egL sDkgLsf];~rfns ;ldltaf6 lg0f{o ePsf] lyof] / ;f]xLlg0f{osf] cfwf/df sDkgLaf6 d"ntM lgDg zt{x¿pNn]v u/L :j]lR5s cjsfzsf] cfj]bg cfJxfgul/Psf] ;"rgf ldlt @)^%.!!.!$ df k|sflztePsf] lyof]M–

1. sDkgLdf sfo {/t \ OR5 's :yfoLsd{rf/Lx¿n] sfof{no k|d'v;dIf ldlt@)^%.!@.$ ;Dd cfj]bg ug{ ;Sg] /:j]lR5s cjsfz ldlt @)^%.!@.!! b]lvnfu" x'g] .

2. @)^% ;fn kmfu'g d;fGt;Dddf pd]/sf]xbn] clgjfo{ cjsfz x'g] cjlwdf slDtdf

199199199199199

8]9 aif{ jf ;f] eGbf a9L cjlw afFsL/x]sf sd{rf/Lx¿nfO{ lghn] sDkgLdf;]jf u/]sf] v'b :yfoL ;]jf k|lt aif{ ! -Ps_ dlxgfsf] lx;fjn] vfO{kfO{ cfPsf]tna a/fa/sf] /sdn] x'g cfpg] /sdcltl/Qm ;x'lnot lbg] .

3. pkbfg k|of]hgsf] nflu %* aif{ pd]/ggf£g] u/L -kfFr_ aif{ gf]s/L cjlw yku/L ;]jf cjlw u0fgf ug]{ / ;f]xLcg';f/sf]pkbfg lbg] .

4. cGo ;'ljwfx¿ sDkgLsf] ljlgodfjnLcg';f/ x'g] .

pQm ldlt @)^%.!!.$ df k|sflzt:j]lR5s cjsfzsf] ;"rgfcg';f/ xfdLlgj]bsx¿n] cfj]bg k]z u/]sf]df sDkgLsf] ldlt@)^%.!@.!) sf] lg0f{ofg';f/ ldlt @)^%.!@.!!ut]b]lv nfu" x'g] u/L xfd|f] :j]lR5s cjsfz:jLs[t ul/Psf] lyof] . xfdL lgj]bsx¿sf]:j]lR5s cjsfz eP kZrft\ xfdLn] kfpg' kg]{pkbfgnufotsf ;'ljwf /sddWo] dfly bkmf -v_ df pNn]v ul/Pcg';f/ v'b :yfoL ;]jfcjlwdf k|lt aif{ ! -Ps_ dlxgfsf b/n] ykul/Psf] cltl/Qm ;x'lnot /sddf !%k|ltztsf b/n] cfos/ s§L u/L e'QmfgL k|fKtx'g cfPsf]n] o; k"j{ ldlt @)%(.@.@#, @)%(.^.&,@)^@.!@.( / @)^$.$.@@ df sfof{Gjog ul/Psf:j]lR5s cjsfzsf] sfo{qmddf % -kfFr_k|ltztsf b/n] cfos/ s§L u/L sd{rf/Lx¿nfO{pkbfg /sd e'QmfgL u/]sf]df ljut / xfnk|sflzt ul/Psf] ;"rgf, pQm ;"rgfdf plNnlvt;'ljwf / zt{x¿ x'ax' Ps} k|sf/sf] /x]sf] /cfos/ P]g, @)%* / cfos/ lgodfjnL, @)%(df klg s'g} k|sf/sf] ;+zf]wg gePsf] cj:yfdfo;k6s !% -kGw|||_ k|ltztsf b/n] cfos/ s§fug'{kg]{ sf/0f / cf}lrTosf ljifodf ldlt

@)^%.!@.!^ sf] kqaf6 hfgsf/L dfu ubf{ !%k|ltztsf b/n] s/ s§L ug'{kg]{ :ki6 / 7f];sf/0f glbO{ Ps dlxgfsf] cltl/Qm ;'ljwfdfcfos/ P]g, @)%* tyf cfos/ lgodfjnL,@)%( sf] bkmf **-!_ df Joj:yf ePadf]lhds/ s§L ul/Psf] hfgsf/L ug'{x'g egL ldlt@)^%.!@.@^ sf] kqaf6 xfdLnfO{ ;"rgf k|bfgul/Psf] lyof] .

k|rlnt lgod sfg"gnfO{ cWoog ubf{cfos/ lgodfjnL, @)%( lgod @) sf]pklgod ̂ -s_ / -v_ cg';f/ P]g k|f/De x'g'eGbfcl3sf cfo jif{x¿df -cfos/ P]g @)%*.!@.!(b]lv nfu" ePsf]_ sd{rf/Lsf] ;~ro sf]if jfgful/s nufgL sf]ifdf hDdf ePsf] ;fFjfJofhnufotsf /sddf / ;f] cjlw;Dd kfs]sf]pkbfg tyf ;l~rt ljbfafktsf] /sddf s/5"6 x'g] pNn]v ePsf] 5 eg] cfos/ P]g,@)%* sf] bkmf ^% sf] !-s_ / -v_ cg';f/:jLs[t cjsfz sf]ifdf /x]sf] lxtaf6 ePsf]jf g]kfn ;/sf/af6 ePsf] cjsfz e'QmfgLdfcfo u0fgf ubf{ To:tf] e'QmfgL Psd'i6 ¿kdful/Psf] 5 eg] o;/L ul/Psf] e'QmfgL /sdaf6;f] e'QmfgL /sdsf] %) -krf;_ k|ltzt jfkfFr nfv ¿k}ofF h'g a9L x'G5 ;f] /sd 36fO{x'g] e'QmfgLnfO{ s/ of]Uo ;DklQsf] lg;u{af6k|fKt nfe dfgL cfos/ P]g, @)%* sf] bkmf** sf] pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhd % k|ltztsfb/n] s/ s§L ug'{kg]{5 egL :ki6 ls6fgLJoj:yf ul/Psf] 5 . P]g lgoddf ePsf log}k|fjwfgcg';f/ g} ljkIfL sDkgLn] ljut @)%(;fnb]lv $ k6s :j]lR5s cjsfz of]hgf;DkGg ul/;s]sf] 5 . ;fljssf rf/}j6f:j]lR5s cjsfz sfo{qmddf ;xeflutf hgfpg]sd{rf/Lx¿nfO{ lgodfg';f/ % k|ltzt s/s§f ul/Psf]df ljkIfLx¿n] cGoyf eGg ;Sg]7fpF 5}g .



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ljkIfL sDkgLaf6 :j]lR5s cjsfzof]hgfcGtu{t cjsfz lnOhfg] sd{rf/Lx¿nfO{xfn;Dd h]–hlt pkbfgnufotsf ;/;'ljwf/sdx¿ e'QmfgL ul/Psf]5 Tof] ljkIfL sDkgLsf]gful/s nufgL sf]ifdf :yfkgf ul/Psf] :jLs[tcjsfz sf]ifaf6} Joxf]l/Fb} cfPsf] 5 . g]kfn;/sf/ jf :jLs[t cjsfz sf]ifaf6 ePsf] cjsfze'QmfgLsf] xsdf bkmf ̂ % sf] pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhdu0fgf ul/Psf] nfedf % k|ltztsf b/n] s/s§L ug'{kg]{ :ki6 sfg"gL k|fjwfgsf] alv{nfkljkIfL sDkgLn] Pp6} sfof{nodf sfo{/t ;dfgsd{rf/Ldf c;dfg Jojxf/ u/L s;}nfO{sfg"gadf]lhd g} s/ lgwf{/0f u/L s§f ug]{s;}nfO{ k"jf{u|x /fvL sfg"gn] tf]s]sf] b/eGbfa9L !% k|ltzt cfos/ s§f ug]{ sfo{ ;dfgtfsf]l;4fGtljk/Lt e} cGofodf k/]sf] x'Fbf l/6 lgj]bglnO{ pkl:yt ePsf 5f}+ .

ctM sDkgLn] cGofo Pj+ u}/sfg"gL s/s§f u/]sf] plNnlvt sfdsf/jfxL / lg0f{opTk|]if0fsf] cfb]zåf/f ab/ u/L sfg"gn] tf]s]cg';f/ % k|ltztsf b/n] lgodfg';f/ s/ s§fug'{ egL sDkgLsf] gfddf k/dfb]z nufot hf]rflxg] cf1f cfb]z k"FhL{ hf/L ul/kfpFm . ;DdfgLtcbfntaf6 o; d'2fsf] clGtd lsgf/f gnfu];Dds§f u/]sf] s/ /sd s/ sfof{nodf gk7fO{oyfjt /fVg' egL ljkIfL sDkgLsf] gfddfcGtl/d cfb]z ;d]t hf/L ul/kfpFm eGg] ;d]tJoxf]/fsf] l/6 lgj]bgkq .

o;df s] s;f] ePsf] xf] < lgj]bssf]dfu adf]lhdsf] cfb]z lsg hf/L x'g gkg]{ xf] <of] cfb]z k|fKt ePsf] ldltn] af6fsf Dofbafx]s !% lbgleq lnlvt hjfkm lnO{ cfkm}+ jfcfkm\gf] k|ltlglw åf/f pkl:yt x'g' egL l/6lgj ]bgsf ] Ps k | lt gSsn ;fy } /fvLljkIfLx¿nfO{ ;"rgf k7fpg' . ;fy} cGtl/dcfb]z hf/L x'g] gx'g] eGg] ;DaGwdf ljkIfL

;d]tnfO{ /f]xj/df /fvL 5nkmn ug{ pko'Qmx'g] b]lvPsf]n] ;f] k|of]hgsf] nflu 5nkmndfpkl:yt x'g ljkIfLx¿nfO{ ;"rgf lbO{ k]z ug'{eGg] ;d]t Joxf ]/fsf ] o; cbfnt PsGofofwLzsf] Ohnf;af6 ePsf] cfb]z .

o;df k|ToyL{ sDkgLaf6 :j]lR5scjsfz ln +bf lgj ]bsx¿ eGbf k "j {sfsd{rf/Lx¿nfO{ e'QmfgL lbPsf] /sddf ljleGgk6s % k|ltzt dfq cfos/ sfl6Psf] t/lgj]bsx¿sf] xsdf !% k|ltzt cfos/sfl6Psf]n] e]befjk"0f{ Jojxf/ ePsf] eGg] lgj]bgbfjL ePsf]n] cfos/ olt sfl6g' kg]{ eGg]k|Zgsf] lg/fs/0f clGtd ;'g'jfOaf6 x'g] b]vfPsf]x'gfn] of] lgj]bgsf] clGtd 6'Ëf] gnfu];DdxfnnfO{ pQm adf]lhd s§f ul/Psf] cfos/sf]/sd s/ sfof{nodf gk7fO{ oyfjt\ /fVg' egLljkIfLsf] gfpFdf cGtl/d cfb]z hf/L u/L lbPsf]5 eGg] ;d]t Joxf]/fsf] o; cbfntsf] cfb]z .

l/6 lgj]bsx¿n] k|:t't ug'{ ePsf] ljjfbcfos/ P]g, @)%* ;Fu ;DalGwt /x]sf] /P]gsf] bkmf &@ n] ;f] P]gsf] sfof{Gjog tyfk|zf;g ug]{ sfdsf] lhDd]jf/L cfGtl/s /fh:jljefunfO{ lbPsf] 5 . s[lif ;fdu|L sDkgL lnld6]8cfos/ nufpg] p7fpg] ;DaGwL ljwflosL jfsfo{sf/L clwsf/L ePsf] lgsfo ge} cfkm"n] ug]{e'QmfgLdf sfg"gadf]lhd nfUg] s/ s6fO{ To:tf]s/ /sd cfos/ P]g, @)%* sf] bkmf ()adf]lhd clgjfo{ ¿kdf csf]{ dlxgfsf] kGw|lbgleq /fhZj vftfdf a'emfpg] st{Jo ePsf]sDkgL xf] . o; cj:yfdf P]gadf]lhd s/sf]sfof{Gjog / k|zf;g ug]{ cfGtl/s /fhZjljefunfO{ tyf g]kfn ;/sf/ cy{ dGqfnonfO{ljkIfL g} gagfO{ bfo/ ePsf] k|:t't lgj]bgk|ydb[li6d} q'l6k"0f{ ePsf]n] vf/]hefuL 5 .

sDkgLn ] :j ] lR5s cjsfzof]hgfcGtu{t pknAw u/fPsf] yk cltl/Qm

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;'ljwf afktsf] /sddf !% k|ltzt geO{ %k|ltzt dfq s/ s§f ug'{kg]{ eGg] cfwf/nfO{k'li6 ug{ ljkIfL l/6 lgj]bsx¿n] cfos/lgodfjnL, @)%( sf] lgod @)-^_ sf] v08 -s_ / -v_ tyf cfos/ P]g, @)%* sf] bkmf ̂ %-!_sf] v08 -s_ / -v_ Pj+ ;fljssf :j]lR5scjsfz of]hgfnfO{ cfwf/ lng' ePsf] kfOG5,h'g sfg"gsf] jf:tljs dd{ / dg;fo;Fu d]nvfg] b]lvFb}g . cfos/ lgodfjnL, @)%( sf]lgod @)-^_-s_ n] cfos/ P]g nfu" x'g'cl3sf]cfo jif{x¿df sd{rf/Lsf] ;~rosf]if jf gful/snufgL sf]ifdf hDdf ePsf] ;fFjf Jofhnufotsf/sddf / ;f] cjlw;Dd kfs]sf] pkbfg tyf;+lrt ljbfafktsf] /sddf s/ 5"6 x'g] Joj:yfu/]sf] kfOG5 eg] cfos/ P]g, @)%* sf] bkmf^%-!_ sf] v08 -s_ n] :jLs[t cjsfz sf]ifdf/x]sf] lxt afkt sf]ifn] u/]sf] cjsfz e'QmfgLnfO{cfodf ;dfj]z ug'{kg]{ elgP tfklg v08 -v_n] To:tf] e'QmfgL Psd'i7 ¿kdf ul/Psf] 5 eg];f] e'QmfgLsf] % k|ltzt jf % nfv ¿k}ofFdWo]h'g a9L x'G5 ;f] 36fO{ x'g] e'QmfgLnfO{ Joj;floss/of]Uo ;DklQsf] lg;u{af6 k|fKt nfe dflgg]5eGg] Joj:yf ul/Psf] kfOG5 . oL Joj:yf ljkIfLl/6 lgj]bsx¿sf xsdf nfu" x'g] Joj:yf xf]Ogg\ .

sDkgLn] :j]lR5s cjsfzcGtu{t ykcltl/Qm ;x'lnot lbPsf] /sd s'g} k|rlntsfg"gL Joj:yfsf] cfwf/df jf sDkgLsf];fljsb]lv nfu" /x]sf] ljlgodfjnLsf] Joj:yfsf]cfwf/df lbPsf] geO{ cltl/Qm ;x'lnotafktsf]/sd sDkgLsf] Joj:yfkgn] 5'§} lg0f{o u/LpknAw u/fPsf] x'Fbf o:tf] k|s[ltsf] /sd cfos/P]g, @)%* sf] bkmf @-ª_-!_ n] kl/eflift u/]sf]cjsfz e'QmfgLsf] kfl/efiff leq kb}{g . o:tf]k|sf/sf] e'QmfgL ;DaGwdf cfos/ P]g,@)%*sf] bkmf **-!_ df jl0f{t cyf{t æ===cjsfze'QmfgL ubf{ s"n e'QmfgL /sdsf] kGw| k|ltztsf

b/n] clu|d s/ s§L ug'{kg]{5 Æ eGg] Joj:Yff/x]sf] cfwf/df x]l/g' kg]{ x'G5 . sDkgLn] pknAwu/fPsf] yk cltl/Qm ;x'lnotafkt e'QmfgLlbPsf] /sddf dfq !%Ü sf b/n] s/ s§Lu/]sf] x'Fbf ;f]nfO{ sfg"g ljk/Lt jf q'l6k"0f{ eGg;lsg] cj:yf 5}g . sDkgLsf] ljlgodfjnLdfePsf] Joj:yfadf]lhd ;]jf cjlwsf] cfwf/dfkfpg] pkbfg /sd lx;fa u/L pkbfgsf] nfedfkfFr k|ltzt dfq s/ sfl6Psf] 5, To; afx]ssf]/sdn] ;d]t o;} k|s[ltsf] ;'ljwf kfpg ;Sb}g .To;dfyL klg of] /sd clGtd x'g] ge} 36a9ePsf] cj:yfdf ljkIfL l/6 lgj]bsx¿ cfGtl/s/fhZj ljefu jf o; cGtu{tsf sfof{nodf;Dkls{t /xL lx;fa ldnfg ug]{ clwsf/ ;'/lIftg} /x]sf] 5 .

sDkgLn] :j]lR5s cjsfzcGtu{tpknAw u/fPsf] ;'ljwfx¿ dWo] ;]jf cjlwsf]cfwf/df k|lt aif{ ! dlxgf a/fa/sf] tna /sdcjsfzafktsf] e'QmfgLafktsf] /sd cfos/P]g, @)%* sf] bkmf @-ª_-!_ n] tf]s]cg'';f/cjsfz lnPsf] cj:yfdf lbOg] e'QmfgL geO{@)^% kmfu'g d;fGt;Dd pd]/sf] xbn] clgjfo{cjsfz x'g] cjlwdf 8]9 aif{ jf ;f] eGbf a9Lcjlw afFsL /x]sf sd{rf/Lx¿nfO{ :yfoL ;]jfcjlwsf] cfwf/df k|lt aif{ ! dlxgfsf] lx;fan]vfOkfO{ cfPsf] tna a/fa/sf] /sd cltl/Qm;x'lnot:j¿k sDkgLn] pknAw u/fPsf] ykcltl/Qm ;'ljwf x'Fbf o:tf] /sdnfO{ cjsfzafktk|fKt ePsf] /sd dfGg ldNb}g . sDkgLn] pknAwu/fPsf] yk jf cltl/Qm ;x'lnot cjsfzk|fKt ug]{ sd{rf/Ln] s'g} sfg"gsf] Joj:yfadf]lhdjf sDkgLsf] ljlgodfjnLdf ;fjLsb]lv pNn]vePsf] sf/0f kfpg] cj:yf gePsf]n] of] cjsfzsf]if jf ;~ro sf]ifdf /flvg] clwsf/:j¿kbfjL ug{ ;lsg] /sd klg xf]Og . o;y{ cjsfzk|fKt ubf{ sfg"gtM e'QmfgL lbg}kg]{ clgjfo{tf



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gePsf] /sdnfO{ sDkgLn] cfk\mgf] ;fdflhsst{Josf] ¿kdf x]/L sDkgLdf k'¥ofpg' ePsf];]jfnfO{ sb/ ub}{ ;bfzotf:j¿k pxfFx¿sf]cjsfzk|fKt eljiosf] cfly{s ;'/If0f x]t' pknAwu/fPsf] /sd x'Fbf cfos/ P]g, @)%* sf] bkmf**-!_ adf]lhd !% k|ltztsf b/n] s/ s§Lul/Psf] sfg"gadf]lhd g} 5 .

cfos/ P]g, @)%* sf] bkmf !$@ cg';f/;fnj;fnL cfly{s P]gn] of] P]gdf ;+zf]wg ug{;S5 . o;/L x/ ]s aif { cfos/ P]gsfJoj:yfx¿df kl/jt{g x'g ;Sg] ePsf]n] o;cl3s'g kl/l:yltdf s'g sfg"gL Joj:yf c+ufn]/slt s/ s6fOPsf] lyof] eGg] tYo ;fGble{sljifo xf]Og . olb sd s/ sfl6Psf] 5 eg]cfGtl/s /fhZj ljefu tyf dftxtsfsfof{nox¿n] sd /sd p7fO{ s/ ;dfof]hgu/L s/ r'Stf u/fpg] clwsf/ oyfl:yltdf/x]sf] 5 . ctM o; cl3 cu|Ld s/ sd b/dfsfl6Psf] lyof] eGg] ljifon] ghL/sf] :j¿ku|x0f ug{ ;Sb}g . ljkIfL l/6 lgj]bsx¿nfO{s'g} låljwf ePsf] eP To;sf] lg/fs/0fsf] nflucfos/ P]g, @)%* sf] bkmf &^ cGtu{tljefu;dIf k"jf{b]z dfu u/L lnlvt¿kdflgj]bg k]z ug]{ clwsf/ P]gd} 5 . lgj]bsn]P]gdf tf]lsPsf] ;fdfGo pkrf/sf] dfu{;d]tcjnDag u/]sf] cj:yf 5}g . lghx¿n] g]kfnsf]cGtl/d ;+ljwfg, @)^# n] k|bfg u/]sf] s'gdf}lns xs clwsf/df sDkgLn] cf3ft k'¥ofPsf]xf] ;f] ;d]t k|i6 u/]sf] 5}g .

l/6 lgj]bsx¿nfO{ :j]lR5s cjsfzof ]hgfdf ;xefuL ePafkt sDkgLsf ]Joj:yfkgn] :yfoL ;]jfsf] cfwf/df pknAwu/fPsf] cltl/Qm yk ;x'lnot /sddf cfos/P]g, @)%* sf] bkmf **-!_ adf]lhd kGw| k|ltztclu|d cfos/ s§L ul/Psf] sfg"g;+ut g} x'Fbfl/6 lgj]bg vf/]h ul/kfpFm eGg] ;d]t Joxf]/fsf]

ljkIfL s[lif ;fdu|L sDkgL lnld6]8 ;d]tsf]tkm{af6 kg{ cfPsf] lnlvt hjfkm .

o;df, lgj]bsx¿n] :j]lR5s cjsfzlnFbf lghx¿n] k|fKt u/]sf] /sd e'QmfgL lbFbf!% k|ltzt s/ s§L u/]sf] lg0f{o;lxtsf] kmfon/ o; cufl8sf cGo :j]lR5s cjsfzof]hgfcGtu{t cjsfz lnPsf sd{rf/Lx¿nfO{lghx¿n] k|fKt u/]sf] /sd e'QmfgL lbFbf %k|ltzt s/ s§L u/]sf] lg0f{o ;lxtsf] kmfons[lif ;fdu|L sDkgL lnld6]8af6 pQm ;+:yfgsfsfg"g Joj;foLdfkm{t k]zLsf lbg lemsfO{lgodfg';f/ k]z ug'{ eGg] ;d]t Joxf]/fsf] o;cbfntsf] cfb]z .

cfos/ P]g, @)%* sf] bkmf @-ª_ n]u/]sf] kfl/eflifs Joj:yf x]bf{ æcjsfz e'QmfgLÆeGgfn] k|fs[lts JolQmn] cjsfz lnPsf]cj:yfdf lghnfO{ lbOg] e'QmfgL jf k|fs[ltsJolQmsf] d[To' ePsf] cj:yfdf lghsf] cfl>tnfO{lbOg] e'QmfgLnfO{ ;d]6]sf] b]lvof] . k|:t't ljjfbdf!% k|ltztsf b/n] s/ s§L u/L lgj]bsx¿nfO{e'QmfgL lbOPsf] ljifonfO{ cfos/ P]g, @)%*sf] bkmf @-ª_ df cjsfz e'QmfgL cGtu{tu/]sf] plNnlvt kl/efiffn] g;d]6]sf] eGg] s'/fnfO{:jo+ ljkIfLx¿n] lnlvt hjfkmdf :jLsf/ g}u/]sf] b]lvG5 . :j]lR5s cjsfz :jLs[t u/L;f]afkt sDkgLsf] lg0f{ofg';f/ lghx¿nfO{e'QmfgL ul/Psf] cltl/Qm ;x'lnotafktsf] /sdb ] lvg cfPsf ] x ' F b f To:tf ] cltl/Qm;x'lnotafktsf] /sdnfO{ ;]jf lgj[Q sd{rf/Ln]cjsfz eP kZrft\ sfg"gcg'¿k kfpg]e'QmfgLsf] ¿kdf cfos/ P]g, @)%* sf] bkmf**-!_ sf] æcjsfz e'QmfgLÆ zJbn] ;d]6\g]b]lvPg . cltl/Qm ;x'lnotafktsf] /sddf ;f]bkmf cfslif{t x'g] eGb} !% k|ltztsf b/n] s/s§L u/L e'QmfgL lbg] ljkIfL sDkgLsf] lg0f{osfg"g;Ddt /x]sf] eGg / dfGg ldn]g .

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t/ o:t} laifo ;dfj]z ePsf] lgj]bs1fgaxfb'/ rf}w/L lj?4 s[lif ;fdu|L sDkgLln= ;d]t ePsf ] @)^^–WO–)### sf ]pTk|]if0fo'Qm k/dfb]zsf] l/6 lgj]bgdf lgj]bsn]:j]lR5s cjsfzafkt k|fKt u/]sf] yk ;'ljwfsf]/sddf cfo s/ P]g, @)%* sf] bkmf **-!_adf]lhd !% k|ltzt s/ s§L x'g] egL ul/Psf]lg0f{o /Ltk"j{ss} b]lvPsf] egL o; cbfntaf6ldlt @)^*.!.@ df l/6 vf/]h ug]{ u/L lg0f{oePsf] b]lvG5 . To;} u/L g]kfn /fi6« a}+sn]:j]R5fn] cjsfz lnPsf lgj]bsx¿n] k|fKtu/]sf] !) jif{sf] Psd'i6 lgj[lQe/0f /sddfcu|Ld lgj[lQe/0f w/f}6L lx;fa -vftf ;+s]tg+=_ vftfdf /flvPsf] /sd Psd'i6 ¿kdfcfGtl/s /fhZj sfof{nodf e'QmfgL ug]{ lg0f{o/ ;f] cg'¿ksf] sfo{ ab/ x'g' kg]{ xf] xf]OgeGg] ;d]t k|Zg ;dflxt /x]sf] lgj]bs dx]Gb|/fhkf08] ;d]t lj?4 g]kfn /fi6« a}+s, s]Gb|Losfof{no ;d]t ePsf] ;+jt\ @)^@ ;fnsf] l/6gDa/ @^&& sf] pTk|]if0fldl>t k/dfb]zsf]l/6 lgj]bgdf cfodf cfos/ k|To]s cfly{saif{sf] b/n] lx;fa ul/G5 . !) aif{sf] /sdPsd'i7 s§f u/]klg lagf x/lx;fa / lagfsf/0f !) aif{sf] cfos/ Ps}kN6 cu|Ld a'emfpg]lakIfL g]kfn /fi6« a}+ssf] sfo{ plrt eGgg;lsPsf]n] pTk|]if0fsf] cfb]zn] ab/ x'g] egLo; cbfntaf6 ldlt @)^$.$.@# df lg0f{oePsf] b]lvG5 .

:j]lR5s cjsfz of]hgfcGt{ut cjsfzsf]ifdf /xg] /sd afx]s 5'§} lg0f{osf] cfwf/df:j]lR5s cjsfz of]hgf :jLsf/ u/]afkt e'QmfgLx'g] Psd'i6 /sd cfos/ P]g, @)%* sf] bkmf@-ª_ df kl/eflift cjsfz e'QmfgLsf] bfo/fdfkg]{ gkg]{ s] xf] / o:tf] /sd e'QmfgL ubf{ pQmP]gsf] bkmf **-!_cg';f/ ;|f]tdf s§f ug{'kg]{gkg]{ s] xf] eGg] h:tf k|Zgx¿sf] lg/fs/0f tyf

plNnlvt cfos/ P]g, @)%* sf] bkmf **-!_sf] JofVof Pj+ Goflos Ps¿ktfsf] nflu k|:t'td'2f ;jf]{Rr cbfnt lgodfjnL, @)$( sf]lgod #-!_-v_ adf]lhd k"0f{ Ohnf;df k]z ug'{eGg] ;d]t Joxf]/fsf] o; cbfnt ;+o'QmOhnf;af6 ldlt @)^*.&.@& df ePsf] cfb]z .

lgod adf]lhd k]z x'g cfPsf] k|:t'tl/6 lgjb]gdf lgj]bssf tkm{af6 pkl:yt ljåfgjl/i7 clwjQmf >L k|]daxfb'/ v8\sfn] sDkgLaf6:j]lR5s cjsfz of]hgfcGtu{t k|sflzt ;"rgfadf]lhd lgj]bsx¿n] :j]lR5s cjsfz lnPsf]xf] . To;/L ;"rgf k|sflzt ubf{ g} ;]jf u/]sf]x/]s Ps jif{sf] Ps dlxgfsf] b/n] x'g cfpg]cltl/Qm ;'ljwf lbg] s'/f pNn]v ePsf] lyof] .;f]xL ljZjf;df lgj]bsn] :j]lR5s cjsfzlnPsf] xf] . t/ o;cl3 :j]lR5s cjsfzlng]nfO{ lbOPsf] To:tf] cltl/Qm ;'ljwfdf kfFrk|ltzt dfq s/ s§f ul/Psf]df lgj]bsx¿sfxsdf c;dfg¿kdf !% k|ltzt s§f ul/of] .cfos/ P]g, @)%* sf] bkmf **-!_ adf]lhdegL To:tf] s/ nufOPsf] 5 . t/ lgj]bsx¿nfO{lbOPsf] pQm /sd cjsfz e'QmgLsf] /sdgeO{ cltl/Qm ;x'lnot ePsf ]n ] pQmbkmfcGtu{t kg]{ xf]Og . P]gsf] bkmf @-ª_ sf]cjsfz e'QmfgLsf] kl/efiffcGtu{t of] ljifokb}{g . ctM lgj]bg dfuadf]lhdsf] cfb]z hf/Lx'g' kb{5 eGg] ;d]t ax; ug'{ eof] .

ljkIfsf tkm{af6 /xg' ePsf ljåfgclwjQmf >L s[i0fs'df/ cfª\bDa]n] sDkgLn] s'g}klg sd{rf/LnfO{ lje]b u/]sf] 5}g . k|rlntsfg"gadf]lhd s/ s§L ul/Psf] xf] . o;cl3:j]lR5s casf; kfPsf 1fgaxfb'/ rf}w/Ln]lnPsf] e'QmfgLdf ;d]t !% k|ltzt g} s/ s§Lul/Psf] / To;pk/ lghn] lbPsf] l/6 lgj]bgvf/]h ePsf] cj:yf 5 . ;'ljwf lng] t/ s/



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gltg]{ eGg] s'/f ldNb}g . u}/sfg"gL ¿kaf6 s/s§L u/]sf] eP s/ sfof{nodf hfg ;lsGYof] .lgjb]s s/ sfof{ndf uPsf] / s/ sfof{nonfO{ljkIfL agfPsf] cj:yf ;d]t 5}g . ctM l/6lgjb]g vf/]h x'g' kb{5 eGg] ;d]t ax; ug'{eof] .

kIf ljIfsf ljåfg sfg"g Joj;foLx¿n]ug'{ ePsf] plNnlvt ax; lhsL/ dgg\ u/L l/6lgj]bg ;lxtsf] ldl;n, ;DalGwt lg0f{o kmfOn/ ;Da4 sfg"gL Joj:yfx¿ ;d]t b[li6ut u/Lx]bf{ d'VotM b]xfosf k|Zgx¿df s]lGb|t /xL lg0f{olbg'kg]{ b]lvg cfPsf] 5M–

1. :j]lR5s cjsfz of]hgfcGtu{t e'QmfgLlbOg] cltl/Qm ;'ljwfsf] /sd cfos/P]g, @)%* n] kl/eflift u/]cg'¿kcjsfz e'QmfgLcGtu{t kg{] xf] xf]Og <

2. lgj]bg dfu adf]lhdsf] cfb]z hf/Lug'{kg]]{ cj:yf 5 5}g <

@= lg0f{o lbg'kg]{ x'g cfPsf pko'{Qmk|Zgx¿df k|j]z ug'{cl3 k|:t't l/6 lgj]bgsf]tYout cj:yfsf ;DaGwdf ;+lIfKt¿kdfl;Fxfjnf]sg ug'{ cfjZos b]lvG5 . j:t'tMljkIfL sDkgLn] o;cl3sf :j]lR5s cjsfzdfcfos/ P]g, @)%* sf] bkmf ^%-!_ adf]lhd% k|ltztsf b/n] s/ s§L ub}{ cfPsf]dflgj]bsx¿sf xsdf bkmf **-!_ adf]lhdegL !% k|ltztsf b/n] s/ s§L u/]sf] lg0f{oe]befjk"0f{ / u}/sfg"gL eO{ lgj]bsx¿sf];+ljwfg / sfg"gk|bQ xsdf cf3ft k'u]sf]x'Fbf pQm u}/sfg"gL lg0f{o pTk]|if0fsf] cfb]zåf/fab/ u/L sfg"gn] tf]s]adf]lhd % k|ltztn]dfq s/ s§f ug'{ egL ljkIfLx¿sf gfddfk/dfb]z hf/L ul/kfpFm eGg] g} lgj]bsx¿sf]d'Vo lgjb]g dfu bfjL /x]sf] b]lvg cfpF5 .

ljkIfLx¿sf] lnlvt hjfkm x]bf{ lgjb]snfO{sDkgLsf] lg0f{o cg';f/ lbOPsf] cltl/Qm;x'lnot cjsfz sf]if e'QmfgLcGtu{t gkg]{x'Fbf cfos/ P]g, @)%* sf] bkmf ̂ %-!_ adf]lhd% k|ltzt s/ nfUg] geO{ bkmf **-!_ adf]lhd!% k|ltzt g} s/ nfUg] xf] . To;df s/ s§L;DaGwdf s'g} låljwf eP bkmf &^ adf]lhds/ ljefu;dIf lgj]bg lbO{ k|i6 x'g ;lsg]df;Lw} l/6 If]qdf k|j]z u/]sf] x'Fbf l/6 lgj]bgvf/]h x'g'kg]{ eGg] ;d]t lhsL/ lnOPsf]kfOG5 .

#= :j]lR5s cjsfz lnFbf sDkgLsf]lg0f{oaf6 k|bfg ul/Psf] k|ltjif{ Ps dlxgfsf]tjn a/fa/sf] cltl/Qm ;x'lnot cfos/ P]g,@)%* sf] bkmf @-ª_ sf] kl/efiffleq kg]{ gkg]{tyf o:tf] /sd e'QmfgL ubf{ pQm P]gsf] bkmf**-!_ cg';f/ ;|f]tdf s/ s§f ug'{kg]{ gkg]{ s]xf] eGg] k|Zgx¿sf] lg/fs/0f / JofVof Pj+ ;f];DaGwdf o; cbfntaf6 l/6 g+=@)^^–WO–)### / ;+jt\ @)^@ ;fnsf] l/6 g+=@^&& sf]l/6 lgj]bgdf km/skm/s JofVof ePsf]n] GoflosPs¿ktf x'g' kg]{ eGg] ;d]t k|Zg p7fO{ ;+o'QmOhnf;n] k"0f{ Ohnf;;dIf k7fpg] cfb]zu/]cg'¿k k]z x'g cfPsf] b]lvof] .

$= plNnlvt k[i7e"lddf lg0f{o lbg'kg]{x'g cfPsf] klxnf] k|Zgsf ;DaGwdf ljrf/ug'{kg]{ x'g cfPsf] 5 . lgj]bsx¿n] k|ToyL{s[lif ;fdu|L sDkgL lnld6]8n] cfJxfg u/]sf]:j]lR5s cjsfz of]hgfcGtu{t :j]lR5scjsfz lnPsf] eGg] tYodf ljjfb /x]sf]kfOFb}g . To;/L cjsfz lnFbf k|ltjif{ Psdlxgfsf] tnj a/fa/sf] /sd cltl/Qm;x'lnot lbg] lg0f{o ePsf] / To:tf] cltl/Qm;x'lnotsf] /sd e'QmfgL lnFbf cfos/P]gadf]lhd s] slt s/ s§f x'g'kg]{ xf] eGg];DaGwdf ljjfb ePsf] kfOG5 .

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%= s'g } klg ;+u7gsf ] , cfly{s,Joj:yfksLo / sfdsf] k|s[ltsf] b[li6sf]0faf6s] slt sd{rf/L egf{ ug]{, egf{ ul/Psfsd{rf/LnfO{ s] s:tf] ;]jf ;'ljwf k|bfg ug]{ /cjsfz lbFbf s] s:tf] ;x'lnot k|bfg ug]{ eGg]ljifo to ug]{ ul/Psf] x'G5 . lghL sDkgLx¿dfnfe / nfutsf] cfwf/df o:tf ljifox¿ lgwf{/0ful/G5g \ eg ] ;/sf/L If ]qdf k |rlntsfg"gadf]lhd g} o:tf ljifox¿ to ul/Psfx'G5g\ . ;+u7gsf] sfo{ k|s[ltdf cfPsf] ;+s'rg,cfly{s dGbL nufotsf sf/0faf6 e}/x]sf sd{rf/Ls6f}tL ug'{kg]{ x'G5 . o;/L aLr}df sd{rf/Ls6f}tL ubf{ sd{rf/Ln] c;xof]u ug]{ / sfg"gLc8\rg ;d]t cfpg;Sg] ePaf6 cfsif{s ;'ljwfk|bfg u/L sd{rf/Lx¿n] :j]R5fn] cjsfz lng]jftfj/0f l;h{gf ug]{ ul/G5 . :j]lR5s cjsfzof]hgf (Voluntery retirement plan) klg elgg]o; k|sf/sf] k|lqmofnfO{ Golden handshake klgeGg] ul/G5 .

^= o;/L :j]lR5s cjsfz lnFbfsd{rf/Lx¿n] k|fKt ug]{ To:tf] cltl/Qm ;x'lnot/sd e'QmfgL ubf{ s] slt s/ s§L ug'{kg]{ xf]eGg] ljifodf k|j]z ug'{ jf~5gLo b]lvG5 . o;sf]nflu k|rlnt cfos/ ;DaGwL sfg"gsfJoj:yfx¿ b[li6ut ug'{kg]{ x'G5 . cfos/ P]g,@)%* sf] bkmf @-ª_ df cjsfz e'QmfgLsf]kl/efiff lbOPsf] kfOG5 . h; cg';f/ k|fs[ltsJolQmn] cjsfz lnPsf] cj:yfdf lghnfO{ lbOg]e 'QmfgL ;d]tnfO { cjsfz e 'QmfgLsf ]kl/efiffcGtu{t ;d]l6Psf] b]lvG5 . ;f] kl/efiffn]cjsfz lnFbf kfpg] ljleGg zLif{sx¿sf] /sdnfO{juL{s/0f gu/L s'g} klg k|fs[lts JolQmn] cjsfzlnFbf e'QmfgL kfPsf] ;Dk"0f{ /sdnfO{ uf]Zjf/f¿kdf cjsfz e'QmfgLsf] kl/efiffcGtu{t;d]6]sf] b]lvof] . o:tf] cj:yfdf sfg"gn] g}cjsfz lnFbf lbOg] e'QmfgL, cjsfz e'QmfgL xf]

egL :ki6¿kdf kl/eflift u/]kl5 To;dfank"j{s JofVof ul//xg' kg]{ l:ylt x'Fb}g . To;dfklg pQm cltl/Qm ;x'lnot cjsfz lnPsf]sf/0faf6} lbOPsf] / k|fKt ul/Psf] eGg] tYodfljjfb 5}g . cjsfz glng] sd{rf/LnfO{ ;f]zLif{saf6 To;/L /sd e'QmfgL glbOPsf] / lbg;Dej gx'g] x'Fbf ;x'lnot jf cltl/Qm ;x'lnoth'g;'s} gfdaf6 lbOPsf] ePklg lgj]bsx¿n]sDkgLsf] ;]jfaf6 cjsfz lnPsf] Psdfqsf/0faf6 To:tf] ;'ljwf lbOPsf]n] To:tf] /sdcjsfz e'QmfgLcGtu{t g} kg]{ b]lvG5 .

&= ca, cfos/ P]gn] s] s:tf cfo /e'QmfgLx¿df s] s;/L s/ nufpg] jf 5"6 lbg]Joj:yf u/]sf] /x]5 eGg] s'/f klg x]l/g' kb{5 .pQm P]gsf] bkmf % df s/of]Uo cfo / cfosfzLif{sx¿sf] juL{s/0f u/]sf] b]lvG5 . pQm bkmfdfcGo s'/fsf cltl/Qm Joj;fo, /f]huf/L /nufgL;d]tdf s/ nfUg] s'/f pNn]v ePsf]kfOPsf]n] /f]huf/Laf6 k|fKt ug]{ cfodf s/nfUg] /x]5 eGg] s'/fdf ljjfb b]lvFb}g . t/ bkmf!@ / ^# adf]lhd bfjL ul/Psf] /sd 36fpg'kg]{ eGg] bkmf % sf] Joj:yf ePsf]n] tL bkmfx¿;d]t b[li6ut ug'{kg]{ x'G5 . bkmf !@ df s/5"6 kfPsf ;+:yfx¿nfO{ lbOPsf] rGbf pkxf/sf]ljifo pNn]v ePsf] b]lvPsf]n] ;f] bkmf k|:t't;Gbe{df cfslif{t x'g] b]lvFb}g . To;} u/L bkmf^# df cjsfz sf]ifsf] :jLs[lt, To:tf] sf]ifdfhDdf ul/g] cjsfz of]ubfg s/of]Uo cfoaf636fpg kfpg] / To;sf] ;Ldfnufotsf ljifo;d]l6Psf b]lvG5g\ . k|:t't ljifo cjsfze'QmfgL;Fu ;DalGwt b]lvP klg :jLs[t cjsfzsf]ifaf6 e'QmfgL kfpg] cjsfz of]ubfgsf] /sdxf] eGg] gb]lvPsf]n] pQm bkmf ;d]t cfslif{tx'g] b]lvFb}g . o;/L g} bkmf ^$ n] klg cjsfzsf]ifdf /x]sf] /sdsf ;DaGwdf cfo u0fgf jfs/ s§L ug]{ k|lqmofsf ;DaGwdf Joj:yf u/]sf]



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b]lvPsf]n] pQm sfg"gL Joj:yf ;d]t lgj]bsx¿sf;Gbe{df cfslif{t x'g] b]lvFb}g .

*= P]gsf ] bkmf ^% df cjsfze'QmfgLx¿sf ;DaGwdf pNn]v ul/Psf] b]lvG5 .t/ ;f] bkmfsf] pkbkmf -!_ df :jLs[t cjsfzsf]ifaf6 /x]sf] lxtaf6 ePsf] cfo / g]kfn;/sf/af6 ePsf] cjsfz e'QmfgL;d]tsf] u0fgfug]{ ljifo pNn]v ul/Psf] / pkbkmf -@_ df:jLs[lt glnPsf] To:tf] sf]ifdf /x]sf] lxtaf6ePsf] nfe u0fgf ug]{ ljifo pNn]v ePsf]b]lvG5 . To:t} bkmf ^^ df cjsfz sf]ifdf/x]sf] lxtafktsf vr{ / cfDbfgLx¿ pNn]vePsf] b]lvFbf pQm ljifox¿n] ;d]t lgj]bsx¿n]k|fKt u/]sf] :j]lR5s cjsfzafktsf] cltl/Qm;x'lnot /sdsf] e'QmfgLnfO{ ;d]6]sf] cy{ ug{ldNg] b]lvPg .

(= o; l:yltdf P]gsf] kl/R5]b–!&cGtu{t e'QmfgLdf s/ s§L;DaGwL sfg"gLJoj:yfx¿ x]g'{kg]{ x'G5 . o; kl/R5]b\df ul/PsfcGo Joj:yfdWo] bkmf **-!_ sf] Joj:yf o;;Gbe{df ;fGble{s b]lvPsf] 5 . bkmf ** sf]zLif{s ænufgL k||ltkmn / ;]jf z'Nssf] e'QmfgLubf{ s/ s§LÆ eGg] eO{ pkbkmf -!_ df afl;GbfJolQmn] g]kfndf ;|f]t ePsf] Aofh, k|fs[lts;|f]t, ef8f, /f]oN6L, ;]jf z'Ns, sdLzg jflaqmL af]g; / cjsfz e'QmfgLsf] /sd e'QmfgLubf{ s'n e'QmfgL /sdsf] kGw| k|ltztsf b/n]s/ s§L ug'{ kg]{5 eGg] ;d]t pNn]v ePsf]b]lvG5 . o; bkmfdf e'QmfgL lbFbf kGw| k|ltztsfb/n] s/ s§L ug'{kg]{ zLif{sx¿ k|i6 ¿kdfpNn]v ul/Psf]n] plNnlvt zLif{scGtu{tljjfbsf] /sd kg]{ gkg]{ 5'6\ofpg' kg]{ x'G5 .o; bkmfdf pNn]v ePsf !% k|ltzt s/ s§Lul/g] cGo zLif{sx¿ k|:t't ;Gbe{df ;fGble{s5}gg\ . s/ s§L x'g'kg]{ egL pNn]v ul/Psf]cjsfz e'QmfgLsf] /sd e'QmfgL ubf{ eGg]

jfSof+z;d]t pQm bkmfdf k/]sf] b]lvPaf6cjsfz e'QmfgL ul/Psf] s'n e'QmfgL /sddf!% k|ltztsf b/n] s/ s§L ug'{kg]{ /x]5 eGg]:ki6 b]lvg cfpF5 .

!)= t/, o; cbfntsf] ;+o'Qm Ohnf;pQm bkmf **-!_ df cltl/Qm ;x'lnot eGg]pNn]v gePsf] egL cltl/Qm ;x'lnotafktsf]/sddf ;f] bkmf cfslif{t gx'g] eGb} !% k|ltztsfb/n] ;f] /sddf s/ s§L u/L e'QmfgL lbg]ljkIfL sDkgLsf] lg0f{o pQm bkmf **-!_ cg'¿k/x]sf] eGg / dfGg ldn]g eGg] lgZsif{df k'u]sf]b]lvG5 . ;+o'Qm Ohnf;af6 ePsf] pQm JofVofnfO{sfg"g;Ddt dfGg] xf] eg] To;/L cltl/Qm;x'lnotafkt lbOPsf] e'QmfgLdf s/ s§L g}ug{ gx'g] eGg] lgisif{df k'Ug'kg]{ x'G5 h'g :jLs[tcjsfz e'QmfgL sf]ifsf] /sddf ;d]t lglZrt\k|ltzt s/ s§L x'g] bkmf ^% sf] k|fjwfgljk/Lt b]lvG5 . ;fdfGotM cfo ul/G5 eg]To;df sfg"gadf]lhd s/ nfUb5 eGg] s'/fsf]cg'dfg ul/g' kb{5 . To;df klg s/ nfUg] /gnfUg] eGg] s'/fdf sfg"gdf ePsf b'O{ Joj:yfaLrc;df~h:otf b]lvG5 eg] cGoyf k|dfl0ftgeP;Dd s/ nfUb5 eGg] Joj:yfsf] kIfdfcg'dfg ug'{kg]{ x'G5 . P]gsf] bkmf @-ª_ dful/Psf] cjsfz e'QmfgLsf] kl/efiffcGtu{tcjsfz x'Fbf lbOg] ;a} k|sf/sf e'QmfgL /sdkg]{ egL dfly k|s/0f k|s/0fdf 5'§} AofVoful/Psf]n] ;f] ljifod yk rrf{ ug'{kg]{ cj:yf5}g . To;}n] lgj]bsx¿nfO{ h'g;'s} gfdaf6lbOPsf] eP klg cjsfzafkt g} e'QmfgL lbOPsf]x'Fbf :j]lR5s cjsfzafkt lbOPsf] cltl/Qm;x'lnot /sd klg bkmf @-ª_ / **-!+_ dfpNn]v ul/Psf] cjsfz e'QmfgLsf] kl/efiff /bfo/fleq} kg]{ b]lvPsf] x'Fbf ;f] cltl/Qm ;x'lnoto; bkmfcGtu{t gkg]{ eGg] JofVof;Fu ;xdtx'g ;lsPg .

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!!= o:t} laifo ;dfj]z ePsf] lgj]bs1fgaxfb'/ rf}w/L lj?4 s[lif ;fdu|L sDkgL ln=;d]t ePsf] @)^^–WO–)### sf] pTk|]if0fo'Qmk/dfb]zsf] l/6 lgj]bgdf lgj]bsn] :j]lR5s cjsfzlnFbf k|fKt u/]sf] yk ;'ljwfafktsf] /sddf cfos/P]g, @)%* sf] bkmf **-!_ cGtu{t g} kg]{ b]lvPsf]n]k|rlnt sfg"gsf] kl/lwleq} a;]/ ljkIfL lgsfon]!% k|ltzt s/ s§L u/]sf] sfg"g;Ddt b]lvPsf]n]l/6 lgj]bg vf/]h x'g] egL ul/Psf] JofVof g} pQmP]gsf] dd{ / efjgfcg'¿k b]lvPsf]n] pQm d'2fdful/OPsf] JofVof g} sfod x'G5 .

!@= g]kfn /fi6« a}+sn] :j]R5fn] cjsfzlnPsf lgj]bsx¿n] k|fKt u/]sf] !) jif{sf] Psd'i6lgj[lQe/0f /sddf clu|d lgj[lQe/0f w/f}6Llx;fa -vftf ;+s]t g+=_ vftfdf /flvPsf] /sdPsd'i6 ¿kdf cfGtl/s /fhZj sfof{nodfe'QmfgL ug]{ lg0f{o / ;f] cg'¿ksf] sfo{ ab/x'g'kg]{ xf] xf]Og eGg] ;d]t k|Zg ;dflxt /x]sf]lgj]bs dx]Gb|/fh kf08] ;d]t lj?4 g]kfn /fi6«a}+s, s]Gb|Lo sfof{no ;d]t ePsf] ;+jt\ @)^@;fnsf] l/6 gDa/ @^&& sf] pTk|]if0fldl>tk/dfb]zsf] l/6 lgj]bgdf lgj]bsx¿af6 lglZrtk|of]hgsf] nflu s§f ul/Psf] /sd cfGtl/s/fhZj sfof{nodf nuL a'emfpg] eGg] lg0f{o Pj+sfo{ u}/ lhDd]jf/Lk"0f{ sfo{ b]lvPsf]n] pQm sfo{x¿pTk|]if0fsf] cfb]zn] ab/ x'g] egL o; cbfntaf6ldlt @)^$.$.@# df lg0f{o ePsf] b]lvG5 .pQm ljifo :j]lR5s cjsfz lnFbf e'QmfgL lbOg]cltl/Qm ;x'lnot;Fu ;DalGwt gb]lvPsf]n]lgj]bs 1fgaxfb'/ rf}w/Lsf] l/6 lgj]bgdf ePsf]JofVof;Fu aflemPsf] cj:yf b]lvPg .

!#= o;sf cltl/Qm of] P]g nfu" x'g]cj:yfsf af/]df s'g} låljwf ePdf cfo s/P]g, @)%* sf] bkmf &^ adf]lhd s/ ljefu;dIflgj]bg lbO{ k"jf{b]z hf/L u/fpg ;Sg] b]lvG5 .lgj]bsn] klg kfFr k|ltzt s/ s§L x'g'kg]{ s'/f

:jLsf/ u/]s} b]lvG5 . cjsfz e'QmfgLafktlbOPsf] cltl/Qm ;x'lnot /sddf kGw| k|ltztjf kfFr k|ltztdWo] s] slt s/ nfUg] xf] eGg];DaGwdf låljwf ePsf] eP ;f]xL k|lqmofadf]lhd:ki6 x'g ;lsg]df s/ k|zf;g ug]{ s/sfof{nonfO{ ljkIfL g} gagfO{ l;w} l/6 If]qdfk|j]z u/]sf] ;d]t sfg"g;Ddt b]lvFb}g .

!$= ca, lgj]bg dfu adf]lhdsf] cfb]zhf/L ug'{kg]{ xf], xf]Og eGg] lg0f{o lbg'kg]{ x'gcfPsf] clGtd k|Zgsf ;DaGwdf lg0f{o lbg'kg]{x'g cfPsf] 5 . klxnf] k|Zgsf ;DaGwdf dflyk|s/0f k|s/0fdf ul/Psf] tYout ljZn]if0f,sfg"gsf] JofVof ;d]tsf] cfwf/ sf/0faf6 s'g}klg sd{rf/LnfO{ cjsfz x'Fbf lbOg] ;a} k|sf/sfe'QmfgLx¿ cfos/ P]gsf] bkmf @-ª_ / **-!_adf]lhd cjsfz e'QmfgL cGtu{t kg]{ b]lvPsf]:ki6 x'G5 . To;sf/0f cjsfz e'QmfgL ubf{5"6 kfpg] jf :jLs[t cjsfz sf]if jf :jLs[tgePsf] cjsfz sf]ifaf6 lbOg] e'QmfgLdf sfg"gn]tf]s] adf]lhd s/ nufpg] jf s§L ug]{ ljifox¿afx]ssf] cjsfz e'QmfgLdf bkmf **-!_ adf]lhdkGw| k|ltzt s/ s§L ug'{kg]{ eGg] s'/f :ki6ePsf] x'Fbf lgj]bsx¿nfO{ :j]lR5s cjsfz lnFbflbOPsf] cltl/Qm ;x'lnot e'QmfgLdf ;f]xLcg'¿ks/ s§L u/]sf] ljkIfLsf] lg0f{o sfg"g;Ddt g}b]lvPsf]n] lgj]bg dfu adf]lhdsf] cfb]z hf/Lug'{kg]{ cj:yf b]lvPg . ctM k|:t't l/6 lgj]bgvf/]h x'g] 7x5{ . bfo/Lsf] nut s§f u/L ldl;nlgodfg';f/ u/L a'emfO{ lbg" .


Gof=k|sfz j:tLGof=j}Bgfy pkfWofoOlt ;+jt\ @)&) ;fn j}zfv !@ ut] /f]h % z'edOhnf; clws[tM– gf/fo0f ;'j]bL

&&&&&



208208208208208

lg0f{o g+=*(%( lg0f{o g+=*(%( lg0f{o g+=*(%( lg0f{o g+=*(%( lg0f{o g+=*(%(

;jf]{Rr cbfnt, ;+o'Qm Ohnf;;DdfggLo k|wfg GofofwLz >L lvn/fh /]UdL

dfggLo GofofwLz >L sNof0f >]i7l/6 g+= )^&–WO–)*(#cfb]z ldltM @)^(.!!.(.$

ljifo M– pTk|]if0f ;d]t .

lgj]bsM ;]G6«n ldl8of k|f=ln=sf tkm{af6clwsf/k|fKt u/L cfkm\gf] xsdf ;d]tg/]Gb| ;fx snjf/


;d]t

§ ;flwsf/ lgsfoaf6 cg'dtL k|fKt u/LJoj;fo ;~rfng u/L tf]lsPsf] ;dodfgjLs/0f ;d]t ul/Psf] cj:yfdfJoj;fo ;~rfng ug]{ JolQmsf] clwsf/:jtM l;h{gf x'g hfg] / To:tf]df Joj;fo;~rfngsf j}w ck]Iffx¿ hfu[t x'g'nfO{c:jfefljs eGg gldNg] .

-k|s/0f g+=$_§ s'g} klg Joj;fo ;~rfngsf nflu

sfg"gn] u/]sf] k|lqmof / sfo{ljlw lglZrt\ug{sf nflu sfg"gcg'¿ksf] k|lqmof /ljlwsf] cjnDag ckl/xfo{ dflgG5 ./fHo ;+oGqleqsf k|To]s cËn] cfkm\gf]sfo{If]q / st{Jo s] xf] eGg] ga'emLhyfefjL ¿kdf cfkm"nfO{ lqmofzLnu/fpFbf To;n] sfg"gsf] zf;gsf] dof{bfeTsg hfg] .

-k|s/0f g+=&_

§ Joj;fo ;~rfngsf l;nl;nfdfsDkgLaf6 tf]lsPsf zt{x¿sf] kfngfeof] ePg eGg] d"NofÍg / cg'udg ug{]clwsf/ dGqfnonfO{ /x] ePs} b]lvG5 .t/ tL zt{x¿ cg';f/ Joj;fo ;~rfngeof] ePg eGg] tkm{ d"NofÍg g} gu/Ls]jn ;fj{hlgs n]vf ;ldltsf ]lgb]{zgnfO{ cfwf/ agfOPsf] cj:yfdfTo:tf] lgb]{lzt lg0f{onfO{ ;flwsf/lgsfon] cfkm\gf] sfg"gk|bQ clwsf/sf]k|of]u u/L ePsf] lg0f{osf] ;+1f lbggldNg] .

-k|s/0f g+=*_§ lgod agfpg] cfkm\gf] sfg"gL st{Jo

nfdf] cjlw;Dd k"/f gu/L csd{0oeP/ /xg] clg lgod / sfo{ljlw lglZrtgeP;Ddsf nflu egL Joj;fo g} aGbug ] { u/L ul/Psf ] lg0f {onfO {sfg"gcg'¿ksf] lg0f{o dfGg gldNg] .

-k|s/0f g+=(_

lgj]bstkm{af6M ljåfg jl/i7 clwjQmf /fw]Zofdclwsf/L / xl/x/ bfxfn tyfclwjQmfx¿ lqnf]rg uf}td, gjLgs'df/jdf{ / /d]zk|;fb lwtfn

ljkIfL tkm{af6M ljåfg pkGofoflwjQmfåo ;"o{gfyk|sfz clwsf/L / z+s/axfb'/ /fO{

cjnlDat ghL/M;Da4 sfg"gM§ g]kfnsf] cGtl/d ;+ljwfg, @)^# sf]

wf/f %&§ ;+ljwfg;ef -Joj:yflks–;+;bsf]

sfo{;~rfng_ lgodfjnL, @)^% sf]lgod !!), !!%

§ ko{6g P]g, @)#% sf] bkmf $%s

209209209209209


;+ljwfg, @)^# sf] wf/f !)& sf] pkwf/f -@_adf]lhd o; cbfntdf bfo/ e} k]z x'g cfPsf]k|:t't l/6 lgj]bgsf] ;+lIfKt tYo Pjd\ cfb]zo; k|sf/ 5 M

lgj]bs sDkgL, sDkgL /lhi6«f/sf]sfof{nodf ldlt @)%&.%.% df b=g+= !#^%^÷)%&df btf{ ePsf] sDkgL xf] . o; sDkgLn] cfkm\gf]p2]Zocg'¿k Healthy & Pleasurable Activity

cGtu{t ljleGg lsl;dsf Coin, Token, Key,

Cash, Bill -gf]6_, Ticket, Chips OToflbaf6 rNg]On]S6«f]lgS; l8lh6n d]lzgx¿, 6]jn u]D;, jlnËP]n, cGo v]n af/sf ;fwgx¿ h:t}M Reel slot,

Video slot, Video game, Poker, PrO~ressive Link

Jackpot, Pachinko, Derby game, Wheel of fortune,

Multi Player Game h:tf v]nx¿ ljleGg ljB'tLodfWodaf6 v]nfOg] ul/G5 . ;j{;fwf/0f g]kfnLhgtfsf] kx'Fr gk'Ug] 7"nf tf/] xf]6nx¿ /cGt/f{li6«o ljdfg:yn h:tf ljb]zL ko{6sx¿sf]cfudg x'g] / a:g] ko{6sLo :ynx¿df dfqo:tf v]nx¿ v]nfpg] ul/G5 .

lgj]bs sDkgLnfO{ g]kfn ;/sf/ -dGqL:t/_ sf] ldlt @)^%.!!.!# sf] lg0f{o egLljleGg !^ j6f zt{x¿ /fvL Joj;fo ;~rfngug{ ldlt @)^%.!!.!% sf] kqaf6 cg'dtL k|bfgul/Psf] xf] . ko{6g P]g, @)#% sf] bkmf $%sadf]lhd ko{6g dGqfnosf ljleGg OsfO{ k|d'vPj+ k|ltlglwx¿sf] pkl:yltdf cg'dtL k|bfgug]{ lg0f{o ul/Psf] xf] . lgj]bsn] Coin, Token,

Bill, Ticket, Chips OToflbaf6 rNg] On]S6«f]lgS;l8lh6n d]lzg, 6]jn u]D;, alnË, P]n, v]naf/sf] dfWodaf6 cfuGt's kfx'gf ko{6sx¿nfO{:j:y dgf]/~hg lbg] p2]Zon] Joj;flos ¿kdfg} plNnlvt v]n v]nfpg] cg'dtL kfPsf], cg'dtL

kqsf] cjlw Ps cfly{s jif{sf] x'g] / ldlt@)^^ c;f/ d;fGtleq ;]jf ;~rfng ul/;Sg'kg]{ zt{ tf]lsPsf] 5 . k|To]s cfly{s jif{sf];fpg dlxgfleq gjLs/0f ug'{kg]{ k|fjwfgcg'¿kcfly{s jif{ @)^&÷)^* ;Dd lgj]bgsf]cg'dtLkq gjLs/0f ePsf] 5 . ;fy} plNnlvtcjlw;Dd nfUg] ;Dk"0f{ /fhZj;d]t lgj]bsn]r'Qmf ul/;s]sf] 5 .

ljkIfL ko{6g tyf gful/s p8\8ogdGqfno, ko{6g pBf]u dxfzfvfn] lgj]bssDkgLnfO{ ;Daf]wg u/L ldlt @)^&.!@.@ dfkq n]vL æk|:t't ljifodf Joj:yflksf ;+;b,;fj{hlgs n]vf ;ldltsf] lgb]{zg cg';f/On]S6«f]lgs d]lzgsf dfWodaf6 v]n v]nfOg]:6n d]lzg -ldgL S;fl;gf]_ ;~rfng;DaGwLsfg"g / sfo{ljlw gaGbf;Dd ;f] d]lzg;~rfng;DaGwL sfo{ /f]Sg / /f]Sg nufpg]g]kfn ;/sf/ -dfggLo dGqL:t/_ af6 ldlt@)^&.!!.@& df lg0f{o ePsf]n] ;f] lg0f{ofg';f/ug'{x'g hfgsf/L u/fOG5Æ eGg] Joxf]/fsf] kqlbOPsf] 5 . o;/L lgj]bsnfO{ lbOPsf] kq /kqdf plNnlvt lg0f{on] lgj]bssf] g]kfnsf]cGtl/d ;+ljwfg, @)^# sf] wf/f !@-#_-r_, !#-!_, !*-!_, !(-!_-@_ åf/f k|bQ df}lns xsclwsf/x¿df cf3ft k'u]sf]n] ;+ljwfgsf] wf/f#@ / !)& -@_ adf]lhd of] lgj]bg lnO{ pkl:ytePsf] 5' .

Joj:yflksf ;+;b lgodfjnL, @)^#sf] lgod !*& n] ;fj{hlgs n]vf ;ldltsf]sfo{If]q / st{Jo tf]lsPsf] x'Fbf To;eGbf afx]ssf]ljifodf g]kfn ;/sf/nfO{ lgb]{zg lbg kfpg]clwsf/ ;f] ;ldltnfO{ 5}g . ko{6g P]g, @)#%sf] bkmf $% s cg';f/ cg'dtLkq lbOPsf] /;f] cg'dtLkqsf] cjlw sfod /xFbf;Ddljgfcfwf/ d]lzg ;~rfngdf ca/f]w ug]{ lbOPsf]pQm kq :jtM ab/efuL 5 .

*(%( –*(%( –*(%( –*(%( –*(%( – ;]G6«n ldl8of k|f=ln lj=k|wfgdGqL tyf dlGqkl/ifb\sf] sfof{no ;d]t


210210210210210

t;y{ ko{6g pBf]u dxfzfvfsf] ldlt@)^&.!@.@ sf] kq / ;f] kqdf plNnlvt ldlt@)^&.!!.@& sf] lg0f{o Pj+ ;fj{hlgs n]vf;ldltsf] lgb]{zg;d]tn] lgj]bssf] ;+ljwfg k|bQxsdf cf3ft k/]sf] x'Fbf g]kfnsf] cGtl/d;+ljwfgsf] wf/f #@ / !)&-@_ adf]lhd pTk|]if0fsf]cfb]z hf/L u/L ljkIfLx¿sf] ldlt @)^&.!@.@sf] kq / ;f] kqdf plNnlvt ldlt @)^&.!!.@&sf] lg0f{o Pj+ ljkIfL n]vf ;ldltsf] lgb]{zgtyf ;f];Fu ;DalGwt kqfrf/ ;d]t pTk|]if0fsf]cfb]zn] ab/ u/L lgj]bsn] sfg"gtM cg'dtLk|fKt u/L gjLs/0f ;d]t ul//x]sf] ljB'tLok|0ffnLdf cfwfl/t :j:y dgf]/~hgsf nflu;~rflnt v]nx¿ g/f]Sgsf nflu k|ltif]wsf]cfb]z hf/L u/L cg'dtL kqadf]lhdsf] sfo{ug{ lbg' egL ljkIfLx¿sf] gfddf k/dfb]zsf]cfb]z hf/L ul/kfpFm . ;fy} ljkIfL ko{6g pBf]udxfzfvfsf] ldlt @)^&.!@.@ sf] kqadf]lhdlgj]bsn] cg'dtL k|fKt ljB'tLo :j:ydgf]/~hgfTds v]n ;~rfng;DaGwL sfo{ /f]Sbfw]/} dflg; k|ToIf ¿kdf a]/f]huf/ x'g] / lgj]bssf]s/f]8f}+sf] nufgL 8'aL 3/jf/ljxLg e} ck"/0fLoIflt k'Ug hfg] x'Fbf k|:t't l/6 lgj]bgsf] clGtdlg0f{o geP;Ddsf nflu ljkIfLx¿sf gfddfpQm ldlt @)^&.!@.@ sf] kq / ;f] kqdfpNn]v ePsf] ldlt @)^&.!!.@& sf] lg0f{osf]sfof{Gjog gug'{ gu/fpg' egL ;jf]{Rr cbfntlgodfjnL, @)$( sf] lgod $! adf]lhdcGtl/d cfb]z;d]t hf/L ul/kfpFm eGg] ;d]tJoxf]/fsf] lgj]bgkq .

o;df s] s;f] ePsf] xf] < lgj]bssf]dfuadf]lhdsf] cfb]z lsg hf/L x'g' gkg]{ xf] <of] cfb]z k|fKt ePsf ldltn] af6fsf Dofbafx]s !% lbgleq lnlvt hjfkm dfu u/Llnlvt hjfkm k/]kl5 jf cjlw gf3]kl5lgodfg';f/ k]z ug'{ . ;fy} lgj]bgdf cGtl/d

cfb]z ;d]tsf] dfu /x]sf] b]lvFbf cGtl/dcfb]z ;DaGwdf 5nkmnsf] nflu ldlt@)^&.!@.!$ sf] k]zL tf]sL ;f]sf] ;"rgf lbO{k]z ug'{ eGg] ;d]t Joxf]/fsf] o; cbfnt PsGofofwLzsf] Ohnf;af6 ldlt @)^&.!@.* dfePsf] cfb]z .

o;df lgj]bsn] ko{6g P]g, @)#% sf]bkmf $%s adf]lhd Joj;fo ug{ zt{x¿ tf]sLcg'dtLkq k|fKt u/L rfn' cfly{s jif{sf]xsdf;d]t gjLs/0f u/]sf / gjLs/0fsf]cjlw;d]t afFsL /x]sf] b]lvof] . lgj]bsaf6p7fpg' kg]{ s'g} b:t"/ c;"n ug{ afFsL /x]sf]eGg] klg pNn]v gePsf] b]lvof] . lgj]bsn]cg'dtLkq k|fKt u/L Joj;fo ;~rfng ul/;s]sf]b]lvPsf], lghn] cg'dtL kq jf sfg"gsf] s'g}zt{ pNn+3g u/]sf] eGg] cfwf/df lghn] ;~rfngu/]sf] Joj;fo /f]Sg] cfb]z u/]sf] klg g]kfn;/sf/, ko{6g dGqfnosf] dGqL:t/Lo ldlt@)^&.!!.@& sf] lg0f{oaf6 b]lvPsf] 5}g,cg'dtLkqn] cg'dtL lbPsf] Joj;fosf] ;DaGwdfsfg"g agfO{ lgoldt ug{ ;Sg] g} ljifo b]lvPsf]/ To;sf] nflu ;~rflnt Joj;fo g} /f]Sg kg]{cf}lrTo gb]lvPsf] ;fy} sfg"g jf cg'dtLsfzt{ljk/Lt sfd u/]sf] eGg] cj:yfsf] cefjdfs'g} vf; sfg"gL cfwf/ pNn]v gul/sg gjLs/0fcjlw afFsL /xFbf/xFb} Ohfht kqadf]lhd;~rflnt Joj;fo /f]Sg ;'ljwf / ;Gt'ngsf]b[li6sf]0fn] ;d]t gldNg] x'gfn] lgj]bssf] xsdfljkIfL ko{6g tyf gful/s p8\8og dGqfnosf]ldlt @)^&.!@.@ sf] kq xfnnfO{ a9Ldfcg'dtLkq gjLs/0f ePsf] cjlw;Dd sfof{Gjoggug'{ gu/fpg' egL ljkIfLx¿sf] gfddf of]cGtl/d cfb]z hf/L u/L lbPsf] 5 . ;f]sf];"rgf ljkIfLx¿nfO{ lbO{ lgodadf]lhd k]zug'{ eGg] ;d]t Joxf]/fsf] o; cbfntaf6 ldlt@)^&.!@.!$ df ePsf] cfb]z .

211211211211211

ko{6g dGqfnoaf6 tf]lsPsf] ljleGg!^ j6f zt{x¿ ;lxt Coin, Token, Bill, Ticket,

Chips OToflbaf6 rNg] On]S6«f]lgS; l8lh6nd]lzgsf dfWodaf6 ko{6sx¿nfO{ :jf:Yodgf]/~hgsf nflu Joj;flos ¿kdf v]n v]nfpg]cg'dtL k|bfg ePsf], Joj:yflksf ;+;b,;fj{hlgs n]vf ;ldltsf] ldlt @)^&.!).!(sf] kqn] sfg"g / sfo{ljlw gaGbf;Dd v]nv]nfpg];DaGwL sfo{ /f]Sg] / /f]Sg nufpg] eGg]lgb]{zg k|fKt ePsf] x'Fbf pQm lgb]{zgadf]lhdg]kfn ;/sf/ -dfggLo dGqLo:t/_ sf] ldlt@)^&.!!.@& sf] lg0f{o u/L ;f] lg0f{o sfof{Gjogul/Psf] x'Fbf lgj]bg dfuadf]lhd s'g} cfb]zhf/L x'g' kg]{ xf]Og, lgj]bg vf/]h ul/kfpFm eGg];d]t Joxf]/fsf] dfggLo dGqL, ko{6g tyfgful/s p8\8og dGqfno, P]= dGqfno tyf P]=dGqfnocGtu{tsf] ko{6g pBf]u dxfzfvfsftkm{af6 k]z ul/Psf] Ps} ldnfgsf] 5'6[f5'6[}lnlvt hjfkm .

ljkIfL l/6 lgj]bsn] cfˆgf] lgj]bgdfk|wfgdGqL tyf dlGqkl/ifb\sf] sfof{nosf] s]s:tf] sfd, sf/jfxL jf lg0f{oaf6 lghsf] s]s:tf] ;+j}wflgs tyf sfg"gL xs clwsf/dfcf3ft k/]sf] xf] eGg] ;DaGwdf s'g} s'/f pNn]vug{ ;Sg' ePsf] 5}g . s;}sf lj?4 s'g} s'/fsf]bfjL lnFbf s;sf] s], s'g sfd, sf/jfxL jflg0f{osf sf/0f lgj]bsnfO{ s], s'g sfg"g k|bQxsflwsf/df s], s;/L cf3ft kg{ uPsf] xf]eGg] ;DaGwdf :ki6 ¿kdf pNn]v u/L ;f]s'/fdf cbfnt;d]t ;Gt'i6 x'g] k|df0f k]z ug'{kb{5 . s]jn ljkIfL agfpFb}df jf bfjL lnFb}dflgj]bssf] bfjL k|dfl0ft x'g ;Sb}g . /fHoleqsf;a} sfdsf/afxL sfg"gadf]lhd ;~rfng x'g'kg]{ sfg"gL /fHosf] cawf/0ffljk/Lt s]jn :n6d]lzg -ldgL Sofl;gf]_ ;~rfng x'Fb} cfPsf]n];f ] Joj;fo ;~rfng;DaGwL sfg"g /

sfo{ljlwsf] lgdf{0f u/]/ dfq ;~rfng ug{lbg' eGg] ;fj{hlgs n]vf ;ldltsf] lgb]{zgsfof{Gjog ug]{ ;Gbe{df clVtof/ k|fKt lgsfosftkm{af6 eP u/]sf] sfd sf/afxLnfO{ cGoyfeGg ldNg] x'Fb}g . t;y{ k|:t't l/6 lgj]bgvf/]h ul/kfpFm eGg] ;d]t Joxf]/fsf] k|wfgdGqLtyf dlGqkl/ifb\sf] sfof{nosf tkm{af6 k]zul/Psf] lnlvt hjfkm .

;fj{hlgs n]vf ;ldltsf] lg0f {o;dfhdf s'g} klg sfd sf/afxL sfg"gsf]cfwf/df ;~rfng xf];\, To;sf] sfo{ljlwkf/bzL{ xf];\ eGg] p2]Zoaf6 k|]l/t eP/ ul/Psf]xf] eGg] :ki6 5 . sfg"gsf] plrt k|lqmoflagfv]nsf] gfddf h'jfsf] k|s[ltsf s'g} klglqmofsnfkn] k|f]T;fxg gkfcf];\, ;dfhnfO{;j} k|sf/sf s'g} klg ljs[ltaf6 d'Qm ug{;lsof];\, cgfxsdf gful/sn] ;DklQsf] aaf{bug]{ cj:yf l;h{gf gxf];\ eGg] a[xQ/ hglxt/ /fi6 « lxtsf ] efjgfnfO{ dWogh/ ub} {hgk|ltlglwd"ns ;+:yf Joj:yflksf ;+;bsf];fj{hlgs n]vf ;ldltaf6 ePsf] pQm sfo{af6s'g} JolQm jf ;+:yfsf] Joj;flos xs lxtdfc;/ kg] { cj:yf 5}g . ;+ljwfg;ef -Joj:yflksf ;+;bsf] sfo{ ;~rfng_ lgodfjnL,@)^% sf] lgod !!), !!% / !@& sf] kl/lwleq/x]/ ;fj{hlgs n]vf ;ldltn] lbPsf] lgb]{zgdfclwsf/If]qfTds q'l6 ljBdfg 5}g . t;y{lgj]bg dfuadf]lhd s'g} cfb]z hf/L x'g ;Sg]cj:yf gePsfn] lgj]bg vf/]h ul/kfpFm eGg];d]t Joxf]/fsf] Joj:yflksf ;+;b, ;fj{hlgsn]vf ;ldltsf tkm{af6 k]z ul/Psf] lnlvthjfkm .

ljkIfL l/6 lgj]bsn] ljB'tLo k|0ffnLdfcfwfl/t v]nx¿ ;~rfng ;DaGwdf /f]s nufPsf]ljifodf o; dGqfnoaf6 s] s'g sfd sf/afxLePsf] xf], cfˆgf] l/6 lgj]bgdf sxLF st} pNn]v



212212212212212

g} gu/L o; dGqfno ;d]tnfO{ xr'jfsf] e/dfljkIfL agfO{ lbPsf] l/6 lgj]bg k|ydb[li6d}vf/]hefuL 5 . ;fj{hlgs n]vf ;ldltn] sfg"gk|bQ clwsf/cGtu{t lgb]{zg lbPadf]lhd ko{6gtyf gful/s p8\8og dGqfnoaf6 ko{6g;Fu;DalGwt ljifodf s] s:tf] v]nx¿ ;~rfngug{ lbg] jf glbg] eGg] ljifodf ko{6g;DaGwLP]g, sfg"gadf]lhd ljB'tLo k|0ffnLdf cfwfl/tv]nx¿ ;~rfng ug{ /f]s nufpg ;Sg] g}b]lvFbf ljkIfLsf] l/6 lgj]bg vf/]h ul/kfpFmeGg] ;d]t Joxf]/fsf] cy{ dGqfnosf tkm{af6k]z ul/Psf] lnlvt hjfkm .

o; ;DaGwdf Joj:yflksf ;+;bsf];fj{hlgs n]vf ;ldltsf] lgb]{zg, clwsf/ k|fKtlgsfo tyf clwsf/Lsf] lg0f{oadf]lhd /f]snufOPsf] x'Fbf o; ljifodf u[x dGqfnonfO{ljkIfL agfO/xg' kg]{ xf]Og . t;y{ lgj]bg vf/]hul/kfpFm eGg] ;d]t Joxf]/fsf] u[x dGqfnosftkm{af6 k]z ul/Psf] lnlvt hjfkm .

lgod adf]lhd k]zL ;"rLdf r9L Ohnf;;dIf k]z x'g cfPsf] k|:t't lgj]bgdflgj]bstkm{af6 pkl:yt ljåfg jl/i7 clwjQmf>L /fw]Zofd clwsf/L / >L xl/x/ bfxfn tyfclwjQmfx¿ >L lqnf]rg uf}td, >L gjLgs'df/jdf{ / >L /d]zk|;fb lwtfnn] ;fj{hlgs n]vf;ldltaf6 gofF Ohfhtkq glbg] ;Ddsf]lgb]{zgnfO{ unt ¿kdf k|of]u u/L lbO;s]sfOhfht gjLs/0f gug]{ sfo{ q'l6k"0f{ 5 . lgj]bsh:t} cGo Joj;fonfO{ /f]s gnufO{ lgj]bsnfO{/f]s nufpg] sfo{ selective ePsfn] c;dfgJojxf/ ePsf] 5 . tf]lsPsf zt{x¿ kfngful/Psf] cj:yfdf gjLs/0f ug{ OGsf/ ug{ldNb}g, Ohfhtkq k|fKt u/]kl5 ;f]cg';f/ sfo{;~rfng ug{sf nflu nufgL;d]t e};s]sf]cj:yfdf cs:dft\ sf/f]af/ aGb ul/lbFbf nufgL8'Ag] cj:yf pTkGg ePsf] 5 . t;y{ lgj]bg

dfuadf]lhdsf] cfb]z hf/L x'g' kb{5 egL jx;k|:t't ug'{eof] . To;}u/L ljkIfL g]kfn ;/sf/sftkm{af-6 /xg' ePsf ljåfg pkGofoflwjQmfåo>L ;"o{gfy k|sfz clwsf/L / >L z+s/axfb'//fO{n] ko{6g P]gsf] bkmf $%s sf] b'¿kof]u u/Lcg'dtLkq k|bfg ul/Psf] x'Fbf To;nfO{ ;Rofpg]u/L ePsf] sfo{nfO{ cGoyf eGg ldNb}g .sfg"gljk/Ltsf sfo{nfO{ lg/Gt/tf lbg' kb{5egL bfjL lng klg x'Fb}g . lgj]bs sDkgL;Fu:ki6Ls/0f ;d]t ;f]wL k|lqmof k"/f u/L lg0f{odfk'luPsf] x'Fbf lgj]bg vf/]h x'g' kb{5 egL jx;ug'{eof] .

k|:t't l/6 lgj]bgdf lgj]bsn] d"ntMko{6sx¿nfO{ :j:y dgf]/~hgsf] nflu Joj;flos¿kdf v]n v]nfpg lglZrt zt{;lxt cg'dtLk|bfg ul/Psf] / zt{adf]lhd u/L cfPsf] cj:yfdfd]lzg ;~rfng;DaGwL sfo{ /f]Sg] / /f]Sg nufpg]u/L eP u/]sf lg0f{ox¿ / ;f];DaGwL kqx¿;d]t pTk | ] i f 0 fsf ] cfb ]zn ] ab/ u/Lcg'dtLadf]lhdsf] sfo{ ug{ lbg' lbnfpg' egLk/dfb]z ;d]t hf/L ul/kfpFm eGg] bfjL lnPsf]dfljkIfLtkm{af6 sfg"g / sfo{ljlw agfO{ Jojl:yt¿kdf Joj;fo ;~rfng ug]{ p2]Zon] ;fj{hlgsn]vf ;ldltaf6 lgb]{zg k|fKt ePsf] / ;f]xLlgb]{zg adf]lhd lgj]bs sDkgLaf6 ;~rflntv]n v]nfpg] sfo{df /f]s nufOPsf] x'Fbf To;af6lgj]bssf] s'g} klg xs xgg ePsf] cj:yfgePsfn] lgj]bg vf/]hefuL 5 egL k|ltjfbul/Psf] b]lvG5 . lgj]bgdf p7fOPsf ljifox¿,;f] ;DaGwdf lnlvt hjfkmdf lnOPsf lhsL/x¿/ b'j} tkm{sf sfg"g Joj;foLx¿af6 k|:t'tul/Psf] jx; lhsL/;d]tnfO{ ljrf/ ubf{ k|:t'tl/6 lgj]bgdf d'Vo ¿kdf b]xfosf k|Zgx¿sf]lg¿k0f u/L lgj]bg dfuadf]lhdsf] cfb]z hf/Lx'g' kg]{ xf] jf xf]Og eGg] ;DaGwdf lg0f{o lbg'kg]{ePsf] 5M

213213213213213

!= k|:t't ljjfbsf] ljifodf lgb]{zg lbg kfpg]clwsf/ Joj:yflksf ;+;bsf] ;fj{hlgsn]vf ;ldltnfO{ /x]sf] 5 jf 5}g <

@= cg'dtLkqdf plNnlvt zt{cg';f/ u/]gu/]sf] eGg] ;DaGwdf d"NofÍg g} gu/L;fj{hlgs n]vf ;ldltsf] lgb]{zgcg';f/egL Joj;fodf /f]s nufpg] u/L eP u/]sfsfo{x¿nfO{ sfg"gcg'¿ksf] dfGg ldN5 jfldNb}g <

@= lg0f{otkm{ ljrf/ ubf{ plNnlvtk|Zgx¿df k|j]z ug'{ cl3 k|:t't d'2fsf] tYosfaf/]df cjnf]sg ul/g' ;fGble{s g} x'g] b]lvG5 .sDkgL /lhi6«f/sf] sfof{nodf ldlt @)%&.%.%df btf{ ePsf] lgj]bs sDkgL ;]G6«n ldl8ofk|f=ln=n] Healthy & Pleasurable Activity cGtu{tljleGg lsl;dsf Coin, Token, Key, Cash, Bill -gf]6_, Ticket, Chips OToflbaf6 rNg] On]S6«f]lgS;l8lh6n d]lzgx¿sf] k|of]u u/L kfx'gfx¿nfO{:j:y dgf]/~hg u/fpg] p2]Zon] Joj;fo;~rfngsf] cg'dtL dfu u/]adf]lhd ko{6g tyfgful/s p8\8og dGqfnocGtu{tsf] ko{6g pBf]udxfzfvfaf6 ljleGg !^ j6f zt{x¿ /fvL ldlt@)^%.!!.!% df cg'dtL k|bfg ul/Psf] b]lvG5 .cg'dtLkqsf] cjlw Ps cfly{s jif{sf] x'g], @)^^c;f/ d;fGt;Dd cfkm"n] kfPsf] cg'dtLadf]lhdsf]sfo{ z'? ul/;Sg' kg]{, k|To]s cfly{s jif{sf] ;fpgdlxgfleq cg'dtLkq gjLs/0f ug'{kg]{ ;d]tsfzt{x¿ cg'dtLkqdf /x]sf] b]lvG5 . To;/Lcg'dtLkqcg';f/ Joj;fo k|f/De e} cfly{s jif{@)^^÷)^& / @)^&÷)^* sf] nflu gjLs/0f;d]t ul/Psf] eGg] lgj]bg;fy ;+nUg ko{6gtyf gful/s p8\8og dGqfnocGtu{tsf] ko{6gpBf]u dxfzfvfsf] kqaf6 b]lvG5 . cfly{s jif{@)^&÷)^* sf] nflu ldlt @)^&.%.! df ul/Psf]gjLs/0f kl5 lgj]bs sDkgLn] @)^* c;f/

d;fGt;Dd Joj;fo ;~rfng ug{ kfpg] eGg]b]lvPsf] 5 . t/ o;}aLr pQm dxfzfvfsf] ldlt@)^&.!@.@ sf] kqaf6 Joj:yflksf ;+;b,;fj{hlgs n]vf ;ldltsf] lgb]{zgcg';f/ On]S6«f]lgsd]lzgsf dfWodaf6 v]n v]nfOg] :n6 d]lzg -ldgL Sofl;gf]_ ;~rfng;DaGwL sfg"g / sfo{ljlwgaGbf;Dd ;f] d]lzg ;~rfng;DaGwL sfo{ /f]Sg]/ /f]Sg nufpg] g]kfn ;/sf/ -dfggLo dGqL:t/_sf] ldlt @)^&.!!.@& df lg0f{o ePsf]n] ;f]lg0f{ofg';f/ ug'{ egL sDkgLnfO{ ;Daf]wg u/Lkqfrf/ eP kl5 g} k|:t't ljjfb p7]sf] cj:yfb]lvg cfpF5 . lgj]bs sDkgLn] cfkm"nfO{ Joj;fo;~rfngsf] cg'dtL k|fKt ePsf] / ;f]xLcg'dtLkqdf tf]lsPadf]lhd Joj;fo ;~rfngu/L cg'dtLkq gjLs/0f ;d]t ePsf] cj:yfdfcjlw afFsL 5Fb} ;fj{hlgs n]vf ;ldltsf]lgb]{zgnfO{ 6]s]/ cs:dft\ d]lzg ;~rfngdf/f]s nufpg] u/L ePsf] sfo{n] cfkm\gf] ;+ljwfgk|bQxsdf cf3ft k'u]sf] egL of] lgj]bg bfo/ u/]sf]kfOG5 .

#= plNnlvt ;Gbe{df k|:t't ljjfbsf]ljifodf lgb]{zg lbg kfpg] clwsf/ Joj:yflksf;+;bsf] ;fj{hlgs n]vf ;ldltnfO{ /x] g/x]sf];DaGwdf ;+j}wflgs Pj+ sfg"gL Joj:yfnfO{ x]g'{kg]{ x'g cfpF5 . Joj:yflksf ;+;b, ;fj{hlgsn]vf ;ldltsf] r=g+= !&!, ldlt @)^&.!).!(sf] kqaf6 ko{6g tyf gful/s p8\8og dGqfno,cy{ dGqfno / u[x dGqfnosf ;lrjnfO{ ;Daf]wgu/L ;ldltsf] ldlt @)^&.!).!( sf] a}7ssf]lg0f{o sfof{Gjogsf nflu kqfrf/ ul/Psf] b]lvG5 .;f] kqdf ko{6g tyf gful/s p8\8og dGqfnon]u[x / cy{ dGqfno;Fu k/fdz{ lnO{ !% lbgleqsfo{ljlw agfO{ nfu" ug]{, Sofl;gf] ;~rfng;DaGwLsfg"g hlt;Sbf] l56f] agfpg kxn ug]{ / :n6d]lzg -ldgL Sofl;gf]_ ;~rfng;DaGwL sfg"g /sfo{ljlw gaGbf;Dd ;f] d]lzg ;~rfng;DaGwL



214214214214214

sfo{ /f]Sg] / /f]Sg nufpg] eGg] ;d]tsf] Joxf]/fpNn]v ul/Psf] kfOG5 . ;f] kq k|fKt ePkl5ko{6g tyf gful/s p8\8og dGqfnoaf6 lgj]bssDkgLnfO{ cfkm\gf] egfO{ :ki6 ug{ ldlt@)^&.!!.! df kqfrf/ ul/Psf]df sDkgLsftkm{af6 ldlt @)^&.!!.!% df :ki6Ls/0f k]zu/]sf] b]lvG5 . To;kl5 dGqfnoaf6 ;fj{hlgsn]vf ;ldltsf] lgb]{zgnfO{ cfwf/ agfP/ d]lzg;~Rffng;DaGwL sfo{ /f]Sg] / /f]Sg nufpg] egLg]kfn ;/sf/ -dfggLo dGqL:t/_ af6 ldlt@)^&.!!.@& df lg0f{o ePsf] egL sDkgLnfO{kqfrf/ ul/Psf] b]lvG5 .

$= o;/L lgj]bs sDkgLn] cg'dtL k|fKtu/L Joj;fo ;~rfng u/]sf] / ;f] cg'dtLkqdfg} Joj;fo ;~rfng;DaGwL zt{x¿ lglZrt\ul/Psf]df ;f] zt{cg';f/ eP gePsf] ;DaGwdf;flwsf/ lgsfon] cg'udg d"NofÍg ug{ kfpg]s'/fdf ljjfb x'g ;Sb}g . t/ cfkm}+n] cg'dtLlbg] / cg'dtLkq gjLs/0f ;d]t ug]{ / ;f]cjlw afFsL 5Fb} x7ft\ sf/f]af/ /f]Sg lgb]{zglbFbf To;af6 ;DalGwt JolQmsf] xs clwsf/dfcf3ft kg{ hfg] cj:yf cfpg ;S5 . ;flwsf/lgsfoaf6 cg'dtL k|fKt u/L Joj;fo ;~rfngul/Psf] / tf]lsPsf] ;dodf gjLs/0f ;d]tul/Psf] cj:yfdf Joj;fo ;~rfng ug]{ JolQmsf]clwsf/ :jtM l;h{gf x'g hfg] / To:tf]df Joj;fo;~rfngsf j}w ck]Iffx¿ hfu[t x'g'nfO{c:jfefljs eGg ldNb}g .

%= cg'dtL k|fKt u/L Joj;fo ;~rfngu/]sf] cj:yfdf cg'dtLkqdf pNn]v ul/Psfzt{cg';f/ ePg jf sfg"g k|lts"nsf sfo{x¿eP eg] ;flwsf/ lgsfon] To;df k|Zg p7fpgg;Sg] eGg] x'Fb}g . t/ k|:t't ljjfbdf To:tf]cj:yf gb]vfO{ s]jn ;fj{hlgs n]vf ;ldltsf]lgb ] {zgnfO { dfq cfwf/ agfP/ d] lzg;~rfngdf /f]s nufOPsf] kfOFbf ;fj{hlgs

n]vf ;ldltsf] If]qflwsf/sf] k|Zg p7]sf] xf] .g]kfnsf] cGtl/d ;+ljwfg, @)^# sf] wf/f %&df Joj:yflksf ;+;bsf ;ldltx¿sf] u7g,sfd sf/afxL / cGo s'/f lgoldt ug{sf nflulgodfjnL agfpg] Joj:yf ul/Pcg';f/;+ljwfg;ef -Joj:yflks–;+;bsf ] sfo{;~rfng_ lgodfjnL, @)^% th'{df ul/Psf]kfOG5 . ;f] lgodfjnLsf] lgod !!) n];/sf/nfO{ Joj:yflksf–;+;bk|lt pQ/bfoL /hjfkmb]xL agfpg ;/sf/af6 eP u/]sf sfdsf/afxLsf] cg'udg / d"NofÍg u/L cfjZoslgb]{zg jf /fo ;Nnfx lbg ljleGg ;ldltx¿/xg] egL Joj:yf u/]sf] / To;dWo] l;=g+= & df;fj{hlgs n]vf ;ldltsf] sfo{If]q tf]lsPsf]kfOG5 . h;cGtu{t ;fj{hlgs n]vf / dxfn]vfk/LIfssf] k|ltj]bgnfO{ ;dfj]z ul/Psf] b]lvG5 .o; cfwf/df ;fj{hlgs n]vf ;ldltn] cfkm\gf]If]qflwsf/leqsf] ljifodf g]kfn ;/sf/nfO{cfjZos lgb]{zg / /fo ;Nnfx lbg kfpg]s'/fdf ljjfb x'g ;Sb}g . To;f] ul/g' hgpQ/bfoLzf;g k|0ffnLsf] dxTjk"0f{ rl/q g} xf] . t/cfkm"nfO{ k|bfg ul/Psf] clwsf/If]qsf] pNn+3gu/L h'g;'s} ljifodf klg x:tIf]k ug]{ clwsf/Joj:yflksf ;+;b jf To; cGtu{tsf] ;ldltnfO{/xFb }g . /fHo ;+oGqleqsf cjojx¿sf]clwsf/If]q ;+ljwfg, P]g, lgodn] lglZrt\ul/lbPsf x'G5g\ . sfg"gn] tf]s]sf] clwsf/If]qsf]k|of]u u/L cfkm\gf] lhDd]jf/LnfO{ k|efjsf/L ¿kdflgjf{x ug'{ g} ;DalGwt lgsfosf] st{Jo aGb5 .sfg"gL zf;gn] hlxn] klg sfg"g kfngfdf hf]8lbG5 . csf{sf] clwsf/If]qdf x:tIf]k gx'g] u/Lcfkm\gf] clwsf/sf] k|of]u ug'{ klg sfg"gL zf;gsf]dxTjk"0f{ kIf xf] .

^= k|:t't ljjfbdf ;fj{hlgs n]vf;ldltn] cfkm"nfO{ clwsf/ g} gePsf] ljifodfcglws[t ¿kdf x:tIf]k u/]sf] eGg] ;d]tsf]

215215215215215

k|Zg p7]sf] 5 . ;+ljwfg;ef -Joj:yflksf–;+;bsf]sfo{;~rfng_ lgodfjnLn] ;fj{hlgs n]vf;ldltnufot ;+;bsf ljleGg ;ldltx¿sf]clwsf/If]q lglZrt\ ug]{ ;Gbe{df lgod !!% dfljifout ;ldltsf] sfd, st{Jo / clwsf/cGtu{t;fj{hlgs n]vf ;ldltn] Joj:yflksf–;+;bdfk]z ul/Psf] dxfn]vf k/LIfssf] jflif{s k|ltj]bgdfplNnlvt a]?h'sf] hfFr u/L dxfn]vf k/LIfsåf/feP u/]sf sfd sf/afxL / ;f] ;DaGwdf ;DalGwtlgsfoaf6 x'g' kg]{ sfd sf/afxL sfg"g;+ut /cf}lrTok"0f{ tj/af6 eP gePsf] ;DaGwdf ;d]tcWoog u/L cfjZos lg0f{o ug]{ / hfFr ug{pko'Qm b]lvPsf] cGo ;fj{hlgs n]vfsf] hfFru/L aflif{s cg'dfg k]z ug'{ cufj} ;efdf k|ltj]bgk]z ug]{ clwsf/ k|fKt u/]sf] b]lvG5 . o;af6klg ;fj{hlgs n]vf ;ldltnfO{ ;fj{hlgs n]vf/ dxfn]vf k/LIfssf] k|ltj]bg ;d]tsf b'O{ ljifodfdfq cg'udg d"NofÍg u/L cfjZos lgb]{zg lbg/ /fo ;Nnfx lbg kfpg] clwsf/ /x]sf] kfOG5 .t/ ;ldltn] ldlt @)^&.!).!( df ko{6g tyfgful/s p8\8og dGqfno ;d]tnfO{ ;Daf]wgu/L n]lvPsf] kqaf6 ;fj{hlgs n]vf jf dxfn]vfk/LIfssf] k|ltj]bgdf cWoog, hfFra'em jfcf}lrTotfsf] k/LIf0f ul/Psf] jf ;f]xL l;nl;nfdfTo:tf] lg0f{o ul/Psf] eGg] v'Nb}g . :n6 d]lzg -ldgL Sofl;gf]_ ;~rfng ;DaGwL sfg"g /sfo{ljlwsf] ljifo ;fj{hlgs n]vf jf dxfn]vfk/LIfssf] jflif{s k|ltj]bg;Fu ;DalGwt ljifo xf]eGg] klg slxFst}af6 b]lvg cfpFb}g .

&= s'g} klg Joj;fo ;~rfngsf nflusfg"gn] lglZrt k|lqmof / sfo{ljlwsf] ck]Iffu/]sf] cj:yfdf To:tf] Joj:yf ug'{ ckl/xfo{x'G5 . t/ To:tf] k|lqmof / sfo{ljlw lglZrtug{sf nflu klg sfg"g cg'¿ksf] k|lqmof /ljlwsf] cjnDag ckl/xfo{ dflgG5 . /fHo;+oGqleqsf k|To]s cËn] cfkm\gf] sfo{If]q s] xf]

/ cfkm\gf] st{Jo s] xf] eGg] ga'emL hyfefjL¿kdf cfkm"nfO{ lqmofzLn u/fpFbf To;n] sfg"gsf]zf;gsf] dof{bf eTsG5 . :n6 d]lzg ;~rfngsf]ljifodf olb dxfn]vf k/LIfssf] jflif {sk|ltj]bgdf a]?h' cf}+NofOPsf] cj:yf lyof] jf;f] ljifo ;fj{hlgs n]vf;Fu ;DalGwt lyof]eg] To;df ;fj{hlgs n]vf ;ldltn] cfkm\gf]clwsf/If]q :ki6 u/L 5nkmnåf/f lg0f{o ug{kfpg] s'/fdf ljjfb x'g ;Sb}g . t/ ;ldltsf]lg0f{o Joxf]/fdf slxF klg To:tf] cfwf/ v'nfOPsf]kfO{+b}g eg] lnlvt hjfkmsf dfWodaf6 cfkm\gf]clwsf/If]q :yflkt ug{ ;s]sf] cj:yf klgldl;naf6 v'Nb}g . t;y{ ;fj{hlgs n]vf;ldltsf] ldlt @)^&.!).!( sf] lg0f{o egLko{6g tyf gful/s p8\8og dGqfnosf ;lrj;d]tnfO{ ;Daf]wg u/L n]lvPsf] kqsf] k|s/0f# df plNnlvt æ:n6 d]lzg -ldgL Sofl;gf]_;~rfng;DaGwL sfg"g / sfo{ljlw gaGbf;Dd;f] d]lzg ;~rfng;DaGwL sfo{ /f]Sg] / /f]Sgnufpg]Æ eGg];Ddsf] Joxf]/f sfg"gcg'¿ksf]b]lvg cfPg .

*= ca, cg'dtLkqdf plNnlvt zt{cg';f/ u/] gu/]sf] eGg] ;DaGwdf d"NofÍg g}gu/L ;fj{hlgs n]vf ;ldltsf] lgb]{zgcg';f/egL Joj;fodf /f]s nufpg] u/L eP u/]sfsfo{x¿nfO{ sfg"gcg'¿ksf] dfGg ldNg] xf] jfxf]Og eGg] ;DaGwdf ljrf/ ubf{ ko{6g tyfgful/s p8\8og dGqfno cGtu{tsf] ko{6g pBf]udxfzfvfn] ldlt @)^&.!@.@ df lgj]bs sDkgLnfO{;Daf]wg u/L n]v]sf] kqdf g]kfn ;/sf/ -dfggLodGqL:t/_ sf] ldlt @)^&.!!.@& sf] lg0f{osf]cfwf/ s]jn ;fj{hlgs n]vf ;ldltsf] lgb]{zgnfO{dfq agfPsf] eGg] b]lvG5 . ;fj{hlgs n]vf ;ldltn]cf}+NofPsf] ljifodf cWoog jf hfFra'em u/L dfggLodGqL:t/af6 lg0f{o ePsf] eGg] Joxf]/f pQm lg0f{oaf6v'Ng cfPsf] 5}g . lg0f{o ubf{ ljjfbsf] ljifosf



216216216216216

;a} kIfdf d"NofÍg u/L ljj]s k|of]u ePsf] eGg]cj:yf klg b]lvFb}g . a? ;fj{hlgs n]vf;ldltaf6 lbOPsf] lgb]{zgnfO{ dGqfnon] oyfjt\¿kdf cfkm\gf] lg0f{o agfPsf] eGg] b]lvPsf] 5 .lgj]bs sDkgLnfO{ Joj;fo ;~rfng ug{ ldlt@)^%.!!.!% df cg'dtL k|bfg ubf{ dGqfno:jo+n] g} !^ j6f zt{x¿ tf]lsPsf] cj:yf 5 .Joj;fo ;~rfngsf l;nl;nfdf sDkgLaf6 tLzt{x¿sf] kfngf eof] ePg eGg] d"NofÍg /cg'udg ug{] clwsf/ dGqfnonfO{ /x] ePs}b]lvG5 . t/ tL zt{x¿ cg';f/ Joj;fo ;~rfngeof] ePg eGg] tkm{ d"NofÍg g} gu/L s]jn;fj{hlgs n]vf ;ldltsf] lgb]{zgnfO{ cfwf/agfOPsf] b]lvPaf6 To:tf] lgb]{lzt lg0f{onfO{;flwsf/ lgsfon] cfkm\gf] sfg"gk|bQ clwsf/sf]k|of]u u/L ePsf] lg0f{osf] ;+1f lbg ldNg] x'Fb}g .

(= ko{6g tyf gful/s p8\8og dGqfno;d]tnfO{ ;fj{hlgs n]vf ;ldltsf tkm{af6lbOPsf] lgb]{zgdf cGo s'/fsf cltl/Qm !%lbgleq sfo{ljlw agfO{ nfu" ug]{ eGg] ;d]tsf]Joxf]/f /x]sf] 5 . t/ pQm lgb]{zgcg';f/ ;f]dGqfnon] sfo{ljlw agfO{ nfu" u/]sf] kfO{+b}g .g t Ohfhtkqdf tf]lsPsf zt{x¿sf] pNn+3gePsf] egL Ohfhtkq vf/]h u/]sf] cj:yf g}5 . ko{6g P]g, @)#% sf] bkmf $%s n] hnofqf-¥oflkm\6ª_, UnfO{l8ª, a]n'lgª, h+un ;kmf/L,SoflDkª, xfO{lsª, :sfO{ª tyf tf]lsPsf cGoko{6g Joj;fox¿sf] btf{ ug]{, Ohfht lng],gjLs/0f ug]{, ;~rfng ug]{, Ohfht b:t"/lt/L tf]lsPadf]lhd cg'dtL lng'kg]{ egL :ki6¿kdf sfg"gL cfwf/ to ul/g' kg]{ clgjfo{tfnfO{Oª\lut u/]sf] kfOG5 . t/ P]gsf] Joj:yfcg';f/lgod agfO{ tf]lsg' kg]{df oltsf aif{;Dd klgsfo{ljlw lglZrt ul/Psf] cj:yf b]lvFb}g . cfkm"n]agfpg' kg]{ lgod eg] gagfpg] t/ cfkm}+n]zt{x¿ tf]sL Joj;fo ;~rfngsf] cg'dtL lbPsf]

cj:yfdf To;/L tf]lsPsf zt{cg';f/ u/] gu/]sf]eGg]tkm{ d"NofÍg g} gu/L x7ft\ sf/f]af/ g} aGbug]{ xb;Ddsf] lg0f{o ug'{sf] sfg"g;+ut cfwf/ /sf/0f b]lvFb}g . To;/L lgod agfpg] cfkm\gf]sfg"gL st{Jo nfdf] cjlw;Dd k"/f gu/L csd{0oeP/ /xg] clg lgod / sfo{ljlw lglZrtgeP;Ddsf nflu egL Joj;fo g} aGb ug]{ u/Lul/Psf] lg0f{onfO{ sfg"g cg'¿ksf] lg0f{o dfGgldn]g .

!)= ca, lgj]bg dfuadf]lhdsf] cfb]zhf/L x'g] gx'g] ;DaGwdf ljrf/ ubf{ dfly ljj]rgful/Psf] cfwf/df ;fj{hlgs n]vf ;ldltn]cfkm\gf] If]qflwsf/ aflx/sf] ljifodf k|j]z u/Llgb]{zg lbPsf] / ;f] lgb]{zgnfO{ dfq cfwf/agfP/ ko{6g tyf gful/s p8\8og dGqfnoaf6lg0f{o ePsf] eGg] b]lvPsf] 5 . t;y{ ;fj{hlgsn]vf ;ldltsf] ldlt @)^&.!).!( sf] lg0f{odWo] k|s/0f # df /x]sf] æ:n6 d]lzg -ldgLSofl;gf]_ ;~rfng;DaGwL sfg"g / sfo{ljlwgaGbf;Dd ;f] d]lzg ;~rfng;DaGwL sfo{ /f]Sg]/ /f]Sg nufpg]Æ eGg] xb;Ddsf] lg0f{o / ;f]lg0f{osf cfwf/df g]kfn ;/sf/ -dfggLodGqL:t/_ af6 ldlt @)^&.!!.@& df ePsf]lg0f{o Pj+ ;f] adf]lhd eP u/]sf cGo sfo{x¿;d]t sfg"gcg'¿ksf] gb]lvFbf pTk|]if0fsf]cfb]zåf/f ab/ x'g] 7x5{ . of] cfb]zsf] hfgsf/LdxfGofoflwjQmfsf] sfof{nodfkm{t ljkIfLx¿nfO{lbO{ k|:t't d'2fsf] bfo/Lsf] nut s6[f u/Lldl;n lgodfg';f/ u/L a'emfOlbg" .

pQm /fodf ;xdt 5' .

k|=Gof=lvn/fh /]UdL

Olt ;+jt\ @)^( ;fn kmfu'g ( ut] /f]h $ z'ed\Ohnf; clws[tM– pd]z sf]O/fnf

&&&&&

217217217217217

lg0f{o g+=*(^) lg0f{o g+=*(^) lg0f{o g+=*(^) lg0f{o g+=*(^) lg0f{o g+=*(^)

;jf]{Rr cbfnt ;+o'Qm Ohnf;;DdfggLo k|wfg GofofwLz >L lvn/fh /]UdL

dfggLo GofofwLz >L lu/Lz rGb| nfn)^*–WO–!@*@

cfb]z ldltM @)^(.!!.!$

ljifoM pTk|]if0fldl>t k/dfb]z .

lgj]bsM kfFry/ lhNnf, of;f]s uf=lj=;=j8fg+= ! j:g] uf]n] du/ ;d]t

lj?4ljkIfLM clVtof/ b'¿kof]u cg';Gwfg cfof]u

;d]t

§ /fHosf x/]s cË tyf kbflwsf/Lx¿sfsfdsf/jfxL / lqmofsnfk sfg"g;Ddtx'g' kb{5 . sf]xL klg sfg"geGbf aflx/hfg ;Sb}g . s'g} klg lgsfon] hlt;'s}/fd|f] kl/0ffd cfpg] sfd u/] klg olbTof] sfd ug]{ clwsf/ Tof] lgsfonfO{5}g cyf{t\ gePsf] clwsf/ k|of]u u/Llg0f{o ePsf] 5 eg] To:tf] lg0f{on] j}Btfk|fKt ug{ ;Sb}g . lsgls sfg"gL zf;gdfsfg"gadf]lhd eP u/]sf] sfdn] dfqdfGotf kfpg] .

-k|s/0f g+=&_§ k|rlnt sfg"gn] lhNnf jg sfof{nosf]

If]qflwsf/leq kg]{ ljifodf x:tIf]k ug]{u/L ;'g'jfOsf] df}sf ;d]t glbO{ clVtof/b'¿kof]u cg';Gwfg cfof]uaf6 ePsf]lg0f{o Pj+ kqn] sfg"gL dfGotf kfpgg;Sg] .

-k|s/0f g+=*_

lgj]bssf] tkm{af6M ljåfg clwjQmfx¿ s[i0f;fksf]6f / ltnk|;fb uf}td

ljkIfLsf] tkm{af6M ljåfg ;xGofoflwjQmf;/f]h/fh uf}td

cjnlDat ghL/M§ g]sfk @)^*, lg=g+= *%%*, k[= @^@,§ g]sfk @)^*, lg=g+= *&!$, k[= !!@

;Da4 sfg"gM§ jg P]g, @)$( sf] bkmf $&

cfb]zGof=lu/Lz rGb| nfnM g]kfnsf] cGtl/d

;+ljwfg, @)^# sf] wf/f #@ Pj+ wf/f !)&-@_cGtu{t k/]sf] k|:t't l/6 lgj]bgsf] ;+lIfKttYo / cfb]z o; k|sf/ 5M–

dfnkf ]t sfof {no kf Fry/dflgj]bsx¿sf] gfpFdf btf{ e} hUufwgL k|df0fk"hf{k|fKt u/L lghL xsef]u cfjfb /x]sf] hUufdWo]d lgj]bs k|]daxfb'/ s'Fj/sf] gfpFdf btf{ /x]sf]lhNnf kfFry/, dfËhfj'Ë uf=lj=;=j8f g++ & -v_ ls=g+= @!, !%! / !(, d lgj]bs jL/]Gb|axfb'/lg/f}nfsf] gfpFdf btf{ /x]sf] P]=P]=j8f g+= (-s_ls=g+= !^! / !^#, d uf]n] du/sf] gfpFdf btf{/x]sf] lh= kfFry/ of;f]s uf=lj=;=j8f g+= !-x_sf] ls=g+= $^ / %! d nIdLk|;fb /fO{sf] gfp+dfbtf{ /x]sf] P]=j8f g+= !-3_ sf] ls=g+= !%@lgj]bsdWo]sf xfdL ltnaxfb'/ lg/f}nf / afns[i0flg/f}nfsf] gfp+df btf{ /x]sf], lh= kfFry/ dfËhfj'Ëj8f g+= ( -3_ ls=g+= @, d l6sfaxfb'/ l3ld/]sfgfpFdf btf{ /x]sf] P] :ofj?Djf uf=lj=;=j8f g+=^ -v_ ls=g+= #* / $!, d cd/l;+x yfkfsf]gfpFdf btf{ /x]sf] lh= kfFry/ of;f]s uf=lj=;=j8fg+= !-6_ ls=g+= !), #( / $), d eQmaxfb'/sfsL{sf] gfpFdf btf{ /x]sf] kfFry/ lhNnf:ofj?Djf uf=lj=;=j8f g+= (-s_ ls=g+= !$% /!$^, d h;lj/ rf]Dhf]Ësf] gfpFdf btf{ /x]sf]

*(^) –*(^) –*(^) –*(^) –*(^) – uf]n] du/ ;d]t lj=clVtof/ b'?kof]u cg';Gwfg cfof]u ;d]t


218218218218218

lhNnf kfFry/ :ofj?Djf uf=lj=;=j8f g+= ^-0f_ls=g+= !!, !@ / !# sf hUufdf k/fk"j{sfnb]lvvo/ tyf cGo ljleGg hftsf ?vx¿ /f]kLx'sf{O a9fO{ ;+/If0f u/L cfPsf lyof}+ .

pk/f]Qm adf]lhd lgj]bsx¿sf] k"0f{ xsef]uleqsf] lghL gDj/L btf{ ;|]:tfleqsf] hUufdfk/fk"j{sfnb]lv nufPsf] vo/sf ?vx¿dWo]cfˆgf] 3/ Jojxf/ vr{ rnfpgsf] nflu tLvo/sf ?vx¿ sf6L laqmL ljt/0f ug]{ p2]Zon]lgj]bsdWo] eQmaxfb'/ sfsL{, l6sf axfb'/l3ld/], lj/]Gb| axfb'/ lg/f}nf, h;jL/ r]Dhf]Ë,nIdLk|;fb /fO{ / uf]n] du/sf] :ofa?Djfuf=lj=;= j8f g+= ̂ df, To:t} cd/l;+x yfkfsf]ofzf]s–# ofzf]s ahf/ / /fgLufpFdf tyfk|]daxfb'/ s'Fj/, ltnaxfb'/ lg/f}nf, afns[i0flg/f}nfsf] /fFs]b]lv d}bfg];Ddsf] :yfgdf nuLuf]lnof agfO{ y'kf/L /x]sf] cj:yf lyof] . o;};dodf lhNnf jg sfof{no, kfFry/af6 sd{rf/LcfO{ ;f]wvf]h u/L pQm vo/ sf7 cfˆgf]ePsf] lg:;f k|df0f b]vfpg eg]adf]lhd xfdLlgj]bsx¿n] tT;DaGwL k|df0f k]z u/LtT;DaGwdf :yfgLo dflg;, ufpF ljsf;;ldltsf] k|ltlglw Pj+ ;fFw ;lwof/sf] /f]xj/df;h{ldg d'r'Nsf ;d]t ;DkGg u/L ;f]lxJoxf]/fsf] k|ltj]bg lhNnf jg sfof{nokfFry/af6 vl6 cfPsf ;=j=c= ;Togf/fo0fb]jn] ldlt @)^&.$.@ / ldlt @)^&.&.$ ut]lhNnf jg, sfof{no kfFry/df k]z u/]sf 5f}+ .

o;/L xfdL lgj]bsx¿sf] xs ef]u/x]sf] vo/ sf7sf] ;DaGwdf 5fgaLg e} ;s]kl5;f] sf7 p7fpgsf] nflu k"lh{ k§f hf] h] lbg'kg]{ xf] ;f]sf] k|ltIff u/L lhNnf jg sfof{no,kfFry/sf] ;Dks{df /lx/x]sf] cj:yfdf ;f]sf7sf] ljifodf sf/jfxL k|lqmofdf /x]sf] kmfOnclVtof/ b '¿kof ]u cg';Gwfg cfof ]u,sf7df8f}+df uPsf] 5 eGg] lgj]bsx¿nfO{

hfgsf/L x'g cfPaf6 xfdL lgj]bsx¿ ldlt@)^^.!@.!& df ;f] cfof]udf pkl:yt eO{ ;f]:yfgdf 3f6ul4 u/L y'kf/L /fv]sf]] vo/sf]sf7 lgj]bsx¿sf] xs ef]uleqsf] gDa/L btf{leqsf] /x]sf]n] tT;DaGwL sf/jfxLdf /x]sf]kmfO{n lhNnf jg sfof{no, kfFry/df lkmtf{k7fO{ pQm sf7 p7fO{ laqmL ljt/0f ug{ cg'dtLkfpFm egL lgj]bg;d]t btf{ u/]sf lyof}+ . t/;f] cfof]uaf6 tT;DaGwdf xfdL lgj]bsx¿nfO{a'em\g], k|df0f k]z ug{ nufpg] nufotsf] s'g}klg sfd sf/jfxL ePsf] lyPg .

o;} aLrdf ldlt @)^(.#.^ ut]sf]uf]/vfkqdf lhNnf jg sfof{no, kfFry/sf] vo/sf7 lnnfd;DaGwL ljifodf æo; lhNnfsf]of;f]s /]~hkf]i6cGtu{tsf ljleGg 7fpFaf6cfly{s jif{ @)^^÷^& df s6fg cfb]z j]u/s6fg eO{ :ofj?Daf, /fgLufpF / /fFs] d}bfgdf3f6u4L /x]sf vo/ uf]lnof *, ()& yfgsf] x'g]kl/df0f %@*&=@( So" kmL6 sf7 clVtof/b'¿kof]u cg';Gwfg cfof]u, 6+ufn sf7df8f}+af6ldlt @)^(.@.% df ePsf] lg0f{oadf]lhd h]–h:tf] cj:yfdf 5 ;f]lx cj:yfdf lnnfd laqmLug ' {kg ] { ePsf ]n ] v/Lb ug { O { R5 'sJolQm÷kmd{÷sDkgLn] of] ;"rgf k|sflzt ePsf]ldltn] @! lbgleq jf]nkq v/Lb u/L /Ltk"j{slznjGbL af]nkq k]z ug{ of] ;"rgf k|sflztul/Psf] 5 . lj:t[t hfgsf/Lsf] nflu o;sfof{nodf ;Dks{ /fVg ;lsg] 5Æ eGg] ;"rgfk|sflzt ePsf] /x]5 .

pk/f]Qm j0f{g u/]adf]lhd lgj]bsx¿sf]xs ef]u btf{ lt/f]leqsf] gDa/L hUufdf /x]sf]vo/ sf7 lgj]bsx¿sf] lglj{jfb lghL :jfldTjsf];DklQ /x] ePsf]df ;f] ;DklQ lnnfd laqmLug]{ egL ePsf] clVtof/ b'¿kof]u cg';Gwfgcfof]usf] u}/sfg"gL, cgflwsf/, clwsf/If]qljxLgtj/af6 ePsf] ldlt @)^(.@.% sf] lg0f{ocg'¿k

219219219219219

egL ljkIfLdWo]sf] lhNnf jg sfof{no, kfFry/n]lnnfd laqmL ug]{ egL u/]sf] lg0f{o / ;f]cg';f/ug{ nfu]sf] lnnfdL sfo{ /f]sL jb/ u/L pQmcfˆgf] ;DklQ -vo/ sf7_ ;+/If0f u/L pkef]u,k|rng, laqmL Jojxf/ ug{ kfpg] cGo s'g}j}slNks k|efjsf/L pkrf/sf] dfu{sf] cefj/x]sf]n] g]kfnsf] cGtl/d ;+ljwfg, @)^# sf]wf/f !@-@_-r_, !#, !(, #@ / !)&-@_ cGtu{t;DdfgLt cbfnt;dIf of] lgj]bg lnO{ pkl:ytePsf] 5f}+ .

cfˆgf ] btf { lt/f ] leqsf ] hUufdfnufO{Psf ?v / ;f] hUufdf x'sf{O{ a9fOPsf]jg k}bfjf/ jg P]g, @)$( sf] bkmf #* n]To:tf] lghL jgsf] wgLn] cfˆgf] OR5fcg';f/laqmL ljt/0f, pkef]u ug{ ;Sg] xs clwsf/k|bfg u/]sf] 5 . pQm sf7x¿ lgj]bsx¿sf]xs ef]usf] hUufleqsf] gePsf] / cGoq;/sf/L, ;fj{hlgs, klt{ hUufdf /x] ePsf]?vx¿ sfl6Psf] xf] eGg] ljkIfLsf] egfO{ g}/x]sf] 5}g . lhNnf jg sfof{no, kfFry/af6 g}ePsf] lg/LIf0f, 5fgaLg, :yfgLo ;h{ldgaf6;d]t pQm sf7x¿ lgj]bsx¿sf] hUufsf] /x]sf]eGg] b]lvO/x]sf] cj:yfdf k|rlnt sfg"gsf]clVtof/ljgf ;f] sf7 lnnfd ug]{ u/L ePsf]cfof ]usf ] ldlt @)^(.@.% sf ] lg0f {oclwsf/If]qljxLg 5 . k|rlnt sfg"gn] ljkIfLcfof]unfO{ s;}sf] ;DklQ lnnfd ug]{ ;DaGwdflg0f{o ug]{ clwsf/ k|bfg u/]sf] 5}g . pQmsf7 jg P]g, @)$( / jg lgodfjnL, @)%!sf] s'g k|fjwfgcGtu{t lnnfd x'g] lg0f{oul/Psf] xf] ;f] s'/f cfof]usf] ldlt @)^(.@.%sf] lg0f{odf pNn]v x'g ;s]sf] 5}g .

clVtof/ b'¿kof]u cg';Gwfg cfof]usf]ldlt @)^(.@.% sf ] lg0f {odf kf Fry/lhNnfcGtu{t ofzf]s /]~hkf]i6 cGtu{t /fFs],d}bfg] nufot !! 7fpFdf j]jfl/;] cj:yfdf

e]l6Psf] vo/ sf7 yfg *()&=@( So' kmL6sf7 lgj]bsx¿n] cfˆgf] lghL cfjfbL hUufdf/x]sf] ?v s6fg u/L laqmL k|lqmofdf /xsf]egL hUufwgL k|df0fk"hf{ tyf gful/stfsf]kmf]6f]slk ;+nUg u/L j]jfl/;] sf7df bfjLu/]sf] b]lvFbf hkmt u/L lnnfd ug'{ egLlg0f{o ePsf] /x]5 . ;j{k|yd ;f] sf7 j]jfl/;]ge} xfdL lgj]bsx¿sf] gDj/L hUufdf jiff}{klxn]b]lv nufO{ x'sf{O{ a9fO{ u/L laqmLsf]nflu s6fg u/L laqmLsf] nflu Pslqt u/L/flvPsf] xf] . To;/L Pslqt u/L /flvPsf]dfjg sfof{non] ;f] sf7 ;DaGwdf 5fgaLg ug]{qmddf xfdL lgj]bsx¿sf] gDj/L hUufleqsf]hUufsf vo/ nufO{ s6fg u/]sf] eGg] s'/fk|dfl0ft ePsf] / xfdL lgj]bsx¿n] ;f] sf7xfd|f] gDj/L btf{ lt/f]leqsf] hUufdf nufO{s6fg u/]sf] egL bfjL lnO/x]sf] cj:yfdfj]jfl/;] egL tT;DaGwdf k|df0fsf] d"NofÍggu/L ;f ] sf7sf] :jfldTjsf] ;DaGwdflgj]bsx¿n] k]z u/]sf] k|df0f Pj+ lhNnf jgsfof{no kfFry/4f/f ul/Psf] ;h{ldgsf]k|dfl0fs d"NofÍg gu/L j]jfl/;] sf7 ePsf]n]lnnfd ug{' egL lg0f{o ug{ kfpg] clwsf/ljkIfL cfof]unfO{ jg P]g, @)$( tyf jglgodfjnL, @)%! n] k|bfg u/]sf] 5}g . ljkIfLcfof]unfO{ ;+ljwfg tyf clVtof/ b'¿kof]ucg';Gwfg cfof]u P]gn] cleof]hgfTds clwsf/dfq} k|bfg u/]sf] 5 . s;}sf] ;DklQnfO{ c;/kg]{ u/L lg0f{o ug]{ clwsf/ ljkIfL cfof]unfO{5}g . t;y{ pQm cfof]usf] ldlt @)^(.@.% sf]lg0f{o clwsf/If]qljxLg Pj+ o; cbfntaf6k|ltkflbt sfg"gL l;4fGt ;d]tsf] k|lts"nePaf6 jb/efuL x'gfn] pQm lg0f{o / ;f]lg0f{ocg'¿k egL lnnfd ug{ nfluPsf] ldlt@)^(.#.^ sf] ;"rgfnufotsf sfdsf/jfxLjb/efuL 5 .



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lhNnf jg sfof{noaf6 ePsf] hfFra'em,;h{ldg d'r'Nsf tyf ;=j=c= ;Togf/fo0f b]jn]lhNnf jg sfof{nodf k]z u/]sf] k|ltj]bgn];d]t tL sf7x¿ xfdL lgj]bsx¿sf] ePsf]eGg] k|i6 ub{5 . ljjflbt sf7df xssf] k|df0fgk'Ug] eP dfq j]jfl/;] sfod x'g] xf] . jg P]g,@)$( sf] bkmf $^ df o; ;DaGwdf :ki6Joj:yf 5 . jg P]gsf] bkmf $^, $& / $*cGtu{tsf] sf/jfxL / lg0f{o ug]{ clwsf/ lhNnfjg clws[tnfO{ k|bfg u/]sf]df lhNnf jgclws[taf6 lg0f{o ge} clVtof/ b'¿kof]ucg';Gwfg cfof]uaf6 j]jfl/;] 7x/ u/]sf] lg0f{oplNnlvt jg P]g, @)$( sf] bkmf $^, $& /$* Pj+ ^@ ;d]tsf] k|lts"n 5 . o;/L lhNnfjg clws[tsf] If]qflwsf/leqsf] ljifodf clVtof/b'¿kof]u cg';Gwfg cfof]un] x:tIf]k u/L sf7hkmt ug]{ u/L ePsf] ldlt @)^(.@.% sf] lg0f{ou}/sfg"gL 5 .

To;sf/0f lgj]bsx¿sf] xs ef]uleqsf]hUufdf /x]sf] vo/sf] ?vx¿ s6fg u/L y'kf/L/fv]sf] sf7x¿ hkmt u/L lnnfd ug]{ ;DaGwdfljkIfL cfof]uaf6 ePsf] ldlt @)^(.@.% sf]lg0f{o Pj+ ;f]xL lg0f{osf] cfwf/df lnnfd ug]{egL lhNnf jg sfof{no, kfFry/af6 ePsf]lg0f{o Pj+ ;f] cg';f/ ldlt @)^(.#.^ sf]uf]/vfkqdf k|sflzt ;"rgfcg';f/ lnnfd ug{nfluPsf] sfo{ clwsf/If]qljxLg, :j]R5frf/LPj+ sfg"gljk/Lt ePaf6 cfof]usf] ldlt@)^(.@.% sf] lg0f{o ;f] lg0f{ocg';f/ n]lvPsf]kq Pj+ lhNnf jg sfof{no, kfFry/sf] ldlt@)^(.@.!% sf] lg0f{o Pj+ ldlt @)^(.#.^ sf];"rgfadf]lhd ug{ nfu]sf] lnnfd k|lqmofnfO{g]kfnsf] cGtl/d ;+ljwfg, @)^# sf] wf/f!)&-@_ n] pTk|]if0fsf] cfb]zåf/f jb/ u/Lk|rlnt sfg"gn] tf]s]sf] k|lqmof k"/f ug{ nufO{lgj]bsx¿sf] xs ef]u btf{ lt/f] leqsf] hUufdf

/x]sf] ?vx¿ s6fg u/L ljleGg :yfgx¿dfy'kf/L /fv]sf] cj:yfdf e]l6O{ lhNnf jgsfof{no kfFry/sf] sf/jfxLdf /x]sf sf7x¿lgj]bsx¿nfO{ lkmtf{ lbg' egL ljkIfLx¿sf]gfpFdf k/dfb]z hf/L ul/kfpFm .

;fy} ljkIfLdWo]sf] lhNnf jg sfof{nokfFry/n] ldlt @)^(.#.^ sf] uf]=k=df= k|sflzt;"rgfadf ]lhd lnnfd ug{ nfu]sf ] , ;f ];"rgfadf]lhd lgj]bsx¿sf] sf7 lnnfd laqmLx'g uPdf lgj]bsx¿nfO{ ck'/0fLo IftL x'g] /k|:t't lgj]bgsf] cf}lrTo klg ;dfKt x'g] ePsf]x 'gfn] k|:t't lgj]bgsf] clGtd lsgf/fgnfUbf;Dd ldlt @)^(.@.% sf] clVtof/b'¿kof]u cg';Gwfg cfof]usf] lg0f{o / ;f]lg0f{osf] cfwf/df lhNnf jg sfof{no, kfFry/sf]ldlt @)^(.#.^ sf] ;"rgfadf]lhd x'g nfu]sf]vo/ sf7 lnnfdsf] k|lqmof sfof{Gjog gug'{gu/fpg' oyfl:yltdf /fVg' egL ljkIfLx¿sf]gfpFdf ;jf]{Rr cbfnt lgodfjnL, @)$( sf]lgod $!-!_ cGtu{t cGtl/d cfb]z hf/Lul/kfpFm eGg] lgj]bg bfjL .

o;df s] s;f] ePsf] xf] < lgj]bssf]dfuadf]lhdsf] cfb]z lsg hf/L x'g gkg]{ xf] <of] cfb]z k|fKt ePsf] ldltn] af6fsf] Dofbafx]s !% lbgleq ;DalGwt ldl;n;fy /fvLdxfGofoflwjQmfsf] sfof{no dfkm{t lnlvt hjfkmk7fpg' egL l/6 lgj]bgsf] Ps k|lt gSsn;fy} /fvL ljkIfLx¿nfO{ ;"rgf k7fO{ To;sf]af]wfy{ dxfGofoflwjQmfsf] sfof{nodf k7fO{ lbg" .

;fy } cGtl/d cfb ]zsf ] dfusf ];DaGwdf ljrf/ ubf{ ldlt @)^(.#.^ sf]k|sflzt ;"rgf cg';f/ lnnfd ug]{ elgPsfsf7x¿ lghL hUufleqsf] pTkfbg tyf s6fgeP u/]sf] eGg] lgj]bg lhsL/ ePsf] / pQmsf7x¿sf] ;DaGwdf k|df0f eP gePtkm{ lhNnfjg sfof{no kfFry/ lkmlbdsf] ldlt @)^(.@.!&

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sf] cfb]z cg';f/ ;/hldgnufotsf cg';Gwfgsfo{ eO{ jg ljefusf] ldlt @)^$.(.!$ sf]kl/kqadf]lhd lg0f{o x'g jfFsL /x]s} cj:yfdfljkIfL clVtof/ b'¿kof]u cg';Gwfg cfof]usf]ldlt @)^(.@.% sf] lg0f{o Pj+ @)^(.@.!$ sf]kqadf]lhd lnnfd laqmL x'g nfu]sf] eGg]lgj ]bg;fy k |:t 't ePsf ] sfuhftsf ]5fFofk|ltaf6 b]lvg cfPsf] 5 . ljkIfL clVtof/b'¿kof]u cg'Gwfg cfof]usf] lg0f{o / kqaf6lgj]bsx¿sf] ;DklQ;DaGwL xsdf cltqmd0fePsf] eGg] lgj]bg lhsL/ /x]sf] tyf pQmlg0f{o / kq x]bf{ s'g sfg"g cjnDag ePu/]sf] xf] ;f]sf] cefj /x]sf] cj:Yff ;d]tb]lvg cfpF5 . lnnfdL ;"rgfadf]lhdsf] sfo{x'g uPdf lgj]bsx¿nfO{ k'Ug ;Sg] IfltnfO{b[li6ut ubf{ t'ngfTds ¿kdf lgj]bsx¿sf]kIfdf ;'ljwf / ;Gt'ng ljBdfg /x]sf] l:ylt;d]t x'Fbf of] lgj]bgsf] clGtd 6'+uf] gnfu];DdpQm ldlt @)^(.#.^ sf] lnnfd laqmL;DaGwL;"rgf sfof{Gjog gug'{ gu/fpg' oyfl:yltdf/fVg' egL ;jf]{Rr cbfnt lgodfjnL, @)$(sf] lgod $!-!_ adf]lhd of] cGtl/d cfb]zhf/L ul/lbPsf ] 5 . o;sf ] hfgsf/LljkIfLx¿nfO{ lbg" eGg] o; cbfntsf] ldlt@)^(.#.@%.@ sf] cfb]z .

lgj]bsx¿n] a/fdbL sf7 cfkm\gf] lghLcfjfbL hUufdf /x]sf] vo/sf] ?v s6fg u/LcfPsf] xf] eg]tfklg jg P]g, @)$( sf] bkmf#( / jg lgodfjnL, @)%! sf] lgod ^!adf]lhd lghx¿n] ;f] hUufdf vo/sf ?vnufPsf] egL lghL jg btf{ u/fPsf] 5}g .lgj]bsx¿n] cfkm\gf] hUufsf] ?v sf6]sf] eg]klg jg ljefusf] ldlt @)^$.(.!& sf]kl/kqadf]lhd cfjfbL hUUffsf] ?v s6fg ug'{k"j{ ;DalGwt lhNnf jg sfof{noaf6 s6fgcfb]z / cf];f/–k;f/sf] nflu cg'dtL lnPsf]

klg b]lvFb}g . lhNnf jg sfof{no kfFry/sflhNnf jg clws[tåf/f tTsfn lkmN8 lg/LIf0fubf{ ljleGg :yfgdf vo/ hftsf uf]lnofvo/sf sf7x¿ j]jfl/;] l:yltdf y'kf/L /fv]sf]kfOPsf]n] tL sf7sf] k|df0f eP gePsf] s] xf]< k|df0f ljgfsf] sf7 sf] s;n] sxfFaf6 NofPsf]xf] < eGg] ;DaGwdf lhNnf jg sfof{noaf6cg';Gwfg x'Fb} ubf{ clVtof/ b'¿kof]u cg';Gwfgcfof]uaf6 ;f];DaGwL kmfon lemsfO cg';GwfghfFrj'em eO /fs] d}bfg]nufotsf :yfgdfj]jfl/;] cj:Yffdf km]nf k/]sf] s6fg cfb]zljgfsf] vo/ sf7 hkmt u/L lnnfd laqmLug'{ egL ldlt @)^(.@.% df lg0f{o ePsf] / ;f]lg0f{oadf]lhd ug'{ egL ;f] cfof]uaf6 n]vLcfPsf]n] vo/ uf]lnof yfg *()& kl/df0f%@*&=@( 3g kmL6 sf7 hkmt u/L lgodfg';f/lnnfd k|lqmof cufl8 j9fpg] eGg] o;sfof{noaf6 ldlt @)^(.@.!% df lg0f{o eO{sfg"gadf]lhd lnnfdsf] k|lqmof z'? ul/Psf]xf] . o;/L sfg"gadf]lhd ePsf] sfd sf/jfxLaf6lgj]bsx¿sf] xs lxtdf c;/ kg]{ cj:yfgx'Fbf l/6 lgj]bg vf/]h ul/kfpFm eGg] ljkIfLlhNnf jg sfof{no, kfFry/sf] lnlvt hjfkm .

lgj]bsx¿n] lhNnf jg sfof{nokfFry/af6 lnnfd x'g nfu]sf] vo/sf sf7cfkm\gf] egL hUufwgL k|df0f k"hf{sf] k|ltlnkL/fvL bfjL u/]klg ;f] hUufdf vo/ nufPsf]egL lghL jg btf{ u/]sf] k|df0f k]z u/]sf]5}g . hUufwgL k|df0fk"hf{ k]z ePs} cfwf/df;f] hUufdf vo/ eP gePsf] k|dfl0ft x'g;Sb}g . cfkm\gf] gDj/L hUufleqsf] sf7 s6fgug{ lhNnf jg sfof{noaf6 s6fg cfb]zlnP/ s6fg ug'{kg]{ sfg"gL Joj:yf x'g'sf];fy} jg ljefuaf6 ;d]t ;f] ;DaGwdf kl/kqePsf] 5 . ;DalGwt lgsfoaf6 cg'dtL glnO{cf]v/sf] ?v s6fg u/L laqmL ljt/0f ug]{



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sfo{ sfg"gljk/Ltsf] dflgG5 . u}/sfg"gL¿kdf sfl6Psf j]jfl/;] cj:yfdf km]nfkfl/Psf] sf7 jg P]g, @)$( sf] bkmf $^,$&, $* / $*-s_, jg lgodfjnL, @)%!sf] kl/R5]b\ & tyf lghL gDj/L cfjfbLsf]?v s6fg ;DaGwL jg ljefusf] ldlt@)^$.(.!& sf] lg0f{o kl/kq;d]taf6 lnnfdug'{kg]{ x'Fbf lnnfd laqmL ug{ lhNnf jgsfof{no kfFry/nfO{ cfb]z lbg] u/L ldlt@)^(.@.% df o; cfof]uaf6 lg0f{o ePsf]x'Fbf ;f] lg0f{o sfg"g;Ddt 5 . o;sf] cnjf/fs] d}bfg] nufotsf :yfgx¿df e]l6Psfj]jfl/;] sf7sf] ;DaGwdf jg sfof{nosfsd{rf/Lx¿ ;To gf/fo0f b]j, gj/fh l3ld/]/ /fdaxfb'/ s'?jfËn] :yfgLo JolQmx¿;FuldnL tL a/fdbL sf7x¿ lghL cfjfbLsf]sf7 x'g egL s[ltd k|df0f v8f ug]{ p2]Zon]clgoldt / u}/sfg"gL sfo{ u/]sf] eGg];DaGwdf ;d]t o; cfof]udf ph"/ k/L ;f]sf]cg';Gwfg ubf{ tL sd{rf/Lx¿n] To:tf]clgoldt sfo{ u/]sf] b]lvPsf]n] tL tLg} hgfsd{rf/LnfO{ ljefuLo sf/jfxL ug{ jg tyfe"–;+/If0f dGqfnodf n]vL k7fpg] lg0f{o u/Lkq k7fO{ ;lsPsf] 5 . o;af6 klg j]jfl/;]¿kdf j/fdb ePsf cf]v/sf sf7x¿ s;}sf]lghL cfjfbLsf] geO{ /fli6«o h+unsf] ePsf]dfs'g} ljjfb b]lvFb}g . pQm sf7x¿ hkmt u/Llnnfd ug]{ ;DaGwdf ePsf] lg0f{o pk/ lrQgj'em] ;DalGwt kIfn] clVtof/ b'¿kof]ucg'Gwfg cfof]u P]g, @)$* sf] bkmf #% -u_adf]lhd ljz]if cbfntdf k'g/fj]bg ug{ kfpg]sfg"gL jf6f] x'Fbfx'Fb} pQm sfg"gL jf6f] cjnDaggu/L l/6 If]qdf k|j]z u/]sf] x'Fbf ;f] cfwf/;d]taf6 klg k|:t't l/6 lgj]bg vf/]hefuL5 eGg] clVtof/ b'¿kof]u cg';Gwfg cfof]usf]lnlvt hjfkm .

lghL jgsf] sf7 s6fg ug]{ ;DaGwdf;DalGwt hUufwgLn] Onfsf jg sfof{nodfkm{t\jf ;f]em} lhNnf jg sfof{nodf lgj]bg lbg' kg]{/ ;f] lgj]bgpk/ cfjZos hfFrj'em u/L lhNnfjg clws[tn] ?v s6fg ug]{ cg'dtL lbg'kg]{Joj:yf ePsf]df ;f] adf]lhdsf] k|lqmof lgj]bsn]k"/f u/]sf] b]lvFb}g . j/fdbL sf7 lgj]bssf]cfjfbL hUuf eGbf cGoq e]l6Psf]n] ;f] sf7lgj]bsx¿sf] xf] eGg ;lsg] cj:yf ;d]tb]lvFb}g . t;y{ clwsf/ k|fKt lgsfo lhNnf jgsfof{noaf6 sfg"gadf]lhd To:tf] j]jfl/;] sf7lnnfd ug{ k|lqmof z'? u/]sf] cj:yf x'Fbf l/6lgj]bg vf/]h ul/kfpFm eGg] ljkIfL jg ljefusf]lnlvt hjfkm .

lgod adf]lhd k]zL ;"rLdf r9L cfho; Ohnf; ;dIf k]z x'g cfPsf] k|:t't l/6lgj]bgdf l/6 lgj]bssf] tkm{af6 pkl:yt ljåfgclwjQmfx¿ s[i0f ;fksf]6f / ltnk|;fb uf}tdn]lgj]bsx¿n] cfkm\gf] hUufdf nufO{ x'sf{O a9fPsf]vo/ tyf cGo ljleGg hftsf ?vx¿ cfkm\gf]3/ Jojxf/sf] vr{ rnfpgsf] nflu sf6L laqmLljt/0f ug]{ p2]Zon] sf6L /fFs]b]lv d}bfg];Ddsf]:yfgdf nuL uf]lnof jgfO{ y'kf/L /x]sf] cj:YffdflhNnf jg sfof{no, kfFry/af6 sd{rf/L cfO{;f]wvf]h ubf{ lgj]bsx¿n] ;f] sf7x¿ cfkm\gf]ePsf] egL ;f];DaGwL k|df0f / lg:;f k]z u/Ltf]lsPsf] cg';Gwfg clwsf/Laf6 ;/hldgd'r'Nsf u/L lhNnf jg sfof{no kfFry/dfcg';Gwfgsf] ¿kdf /x]sf] lyof] . cg';Gwfg;DkGg ePkl5 lgj]bsx¿ tL sf7 p7fpg]k"lh{sf] k|ltIff ul//x]sf] cj:yfdf pQm sf/jfxLsf]kmfon clVtof/ b'¿kof]u cg';Gwfg cfof]udfuPsf] 5 egL hfgsf/L ePkl5 lgj]bsx¿cfof]udf pkl:yt eO{ tT;DaGwL kmfon ;DalGwtlhNnf jg sfof{nodf lkmtf{ u/L sf7 p7fpg];DaGwdf cg'dtL kfpFm egL lgj]bg lbPsf

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lyP F . t/ To; ;DaGwdf cfof ]uaf6lgj]sbx¿nfO{ s]xL a'em\g] sfd ePg .

pQm a/fdbL sf7x¿ cfkm\gf] lghLcfjfbLsf] ?vx¿ s6fg u/L laqmL k|lqmofdf/x]sf] egL lgj]bs eQmaxfb'/ sfsL{ ;d]tsf !!hgf JolQmx¿n] lhNnf jg sfof{no kfFry/dflgj]bg;lxt bfjL u/]tfklg pQm sf7x¿ s6fgcfb]zj]u/ j]jfl/;] cj:Yffdf km]nf k/]sf] /lgj]bsx¿n] em"7f k|df0fsf] cfwf/df ;f] sf7sf]bfjL u/]sf] b]lvFbf k|rlnt sfg"gcg';f/ pQmsf7x¿ hkmt u/L lnnfd laqmL ug{ lhNnf jgsfof{no, kfFry/nfO{ n]vL k7fpg] eGg] ;f]cfof]usf] lg0f{o / ;f] lg0f{o cg';f/ n]lvPsf]kq cg';f/ lhNnf jg sfof{noaf6 ePsf] ldlt@)^(.@.!% sf] lg0f{o / ldlt @)^(.#.^ df tLsf7x¿ lnnfd ug]{ k|of]hgsf] nflu ;"rgfk|sflzt ePsf] 5 .

lgj]bsx¿n] pQm sf7x¿ cfkm\gf] lghLhUufsf] ePsf] egL k|df0f;d]t /fvL bfjL u/LlhNnf jg sfof{no kfFry/af6 cg';Gwfg eO{;f] sfof{noaf6 ;f] ;DaGwdf lg0f{o x'g jfFsL/x]sf] cj:yfdf ljgf clwsf/ cfof]un] sf7hkmt u/L lnnfd laqmL ug'{ egL lhNnf jgsfof{nonfO{ lgb]{zg lbg] / lhNnf jg sfof{non]klg ;f] lgb]{zfg';f/ egL lg0f{o u/L lnnfdlaqmLsf] nflu ;"rgf k|sflzt u/]sf]n] cfof]usf]ldlt @)^(.@.% sf] lg0f{o, pQm lg0f{osf] cfwf/dfn]v]sf] ldlt @)^(.˜@.!$ sf] kq / ;f]kqcg';f/ lhNnf jg sfof{no, kfFry/af6 ldlt@)^(.@.!% df ePsf] lg0f{o Pj+ ;f] kqsf]cfwf/df lhNnf jg sfof{no kfFry/af6uf]/vfkqdf k|sflzt ldlt @)^(.#.^ sf];"rgfnufotsf sfd sf/jfxLnfO{ pTk|]if0fsf]cfb]zn] ab/ u/L pQm sf7x¿ lgj]bsx¿sf]cfjfbLleqsf] sfl6Psf] x'Fbf lgj]bsx¿nfO{ lkmtf{

lbg' eGg] k/dfb]z hf/L ul/kfpFm eGg] ax;ug'{eof] .

To:t} ljkIfLsf] tkm{af6 pkl:ytljåfg ;xGofoflwjQmf ;/f]h/fh uf}tdn]lgj]bsx¿sf] hUuf eGbf cGoq ;fj{hlgs:yfgdf j/fdb ePsf j]jfl/;] sf7x¿lgj]bssf] lghL gDj/Lsf] hUufsf] xf] eGg;lsg] cj:yf 5}g . lghx¿sf] lghL cfjfbLsf]hUufdf vo/sf ?vx¿ /x]sf] eGg] b]lvFb}g .sf7 ;fj{hlgs :yfgdf km]nf k/]sf] 5 . lghLcfjfbLsf] sf7 s6fg ug]{ tyf cf];f/k;f/ug]{ ;DaGwdf lgj]bsx¿n] k|rlnt sfg"gPj+ jg ljefusf] ldlt @)^$.(.!$ sf]kl/kqcg';f/ cg'dtL lnPsf 5}gg\ . o;/L;DalGwt lgsfoaf6 :jLs[lt glnO{ sfl6Psf/ cf];f/–k;f/ ePsf sf7x¿ jg P]g cg';f/hkmt u/L lnnfd laqmL ug' {kg] { ePaf6cfof]uaf6 lhNnf jg sfof{no, kfFry/nfO{n]vL k7fpg] lg0f{o ePcg';f/ ;f] sfof{noaf6lg0f{o u/L lnnfd laqmLsf] nflu ;"rgf k|sflztePsf] xf] . cfof]un] u/]sf] pQm lg0f{odflrQ gj'em] ;f] lg0f{opk/ ljz]if cbfntdfk'g/fj]bg nfUg ;Sg] cj:yf x'Fbf lgj]bsx¿n];f]adf]lhd k'g/fj]bg ug'{kg]{df Ps}rf]6L l/6If]qdf k|j]z u/]sf] ldn]sf] 5}g eGg] ax;k|:t't ug'{eof] .

b'j} kIfsf ljåfg sfg"g Joj;foLx¿n]ug'{ ePsf] pk/f]Qmfg';f/sf] jx; ;d]t ;'gLlgj]bsx¿sf] dfuadf]lhdsf] cfb]z hf/L x'g] xf]xf]Og eGg] ;DaGwdf lg0f{o lbg'kg]{ b]lvg cfof] .

@= lg0f {otkm { ljrf/ ubf { xfdLlgj]bsx¿n] cfkm\gf] gDa/L hUufdf nufO{x'sf{Psf vo/ / cGo hftsf sf7x¿ s6fgu/L 3/ Jojxf/ rnfpg] k|of]hgsf] nflu tLsf7x¿ sf6L laqmL ljt/0f ug{ nfu]sf] cj:yfdflhNnf jg sfof{no kfFry/af6 vl6O cfPsf]



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6f]nLn] km]nf kf/L ;f] ;DaGwdf cfjZoshfFra'em u/L ;a"b k|df0f b]vfpg eg]cg';f/;f];DaGwL k|df0f k]z u/L 5fgaLg Pj+cg';Gwfgdf /x]sf] cj:yfdf pQm sf/jfxLsf]kmfon clVtof/ b'¿kof]u cg';Gwfg cfof]un]lemsfPsf]df ;f] cfof]udf klg xfdLx¿n] cfkm\gf];f]xL Joxf]/f /fv]sf]df cfof]uaf6 cgflwsf/¿kdf s6fg cfb]z a]u/ a]jfl/;] cj:yfdfkm]nf k/]sf tL sf7x¿ hkmt u/L lnnfdlaqmL ug{ lhNnf jg sfof{no, kfFry/df n]vLk7fpg] egL ldlt @)^(.@.% df lg0f{o u/Lldlt @)^(.@.!$ sf] kq;fy kmfon lkmtf{k7fPadf]lhd lhNnf jg sfof{no kfFry/af6klg ;f]xL lg0f{osf] cfwf/df sf7 hkmt u/Llnnfd ug]{ egL ldlt @)^(.@.!% df lg0f{ou/L ldlt @)^(.#.^ df lnnfd laqmLsf] ;"rgfk|sflzt ePsf]n] plNnlvt lg0f{o, kq /;"rgfnufotsf tT;DaGwL sfd sf/jfxLpTk]|if0fsf] cfb]zaf6 ab/ u/L a/fdbL sf7x¿lgj]bsx¿nfO{ lkmtf{ lbg' egL tTsfn cGtl/dcfb]z;lxtsf] k/dfb]z hf/L ul/kfpFm eGg]lgj]bg lhsL/ ePsf] k|:t't l/6 lgj]bgdflgj]bsx¿n] bfjL u/]sf] vo/sf sf7x¿lgj]bsx¿n] clwsf/k|fKt clwsf/Laf6 s6fgug{ cg'dtL glnO sfl6Psf / a]jfl/;] cj:yfdfkm]nf k/]sf] sf7x¿ ePsf] / tL sf7x¿ cfkm\gf]xf] egL lgj]bsx¿n] bfjL u/] tfklg lghx¿sf]gDa/L hUufdf /x]sf] eGg] k|dfl0ft x'g g;s]sf]cj:yf x'Fbf l/6 hf/L x'g] cj:yf 5}g eGg]ljkIfLsf] lnlvt hjfkm Joxf]/f /x]sf] kfOof] .

#= lhNnf jg sfof{no kfFry/sf lhNnfjg clws[tjf6 lkmN8 lg/LIf0fsf] qmddf /fFs]d}bfg]nufotsf ljleGg :yfgx¿df vo/ hftsfuf]lnof sf7x¿ y'kf/L /fv]sf] cj:yf e]l6Psf]x'Fbf ;f] ;DaGwdf k|df0f k'Ug] / k|df0f gk'Ug]sf7sf] xsdf cfjZos hfFrj'em u/L k|df0f

gk'u]sf] sf7sf] xsdf pQm sf7 sf] s;n]sxfFaf6 NofO{ y'kf/]sf] xf] kQf nufO{ cfjZossf/jfxL u/L k]z ug'{ x'g egL lhNnf jgsfof{no, kfFry/af6 ;xfos jg clws[t;Togf/fo0f b]jnfO{ cg';Gwfg ug{ v6fO kqn]v]sf] kfOG5 . cg';Gwfg ubf{ tL sf7x¿lgj]bsx¿sf] cfkm\gf] cfjfbL hUufsf] ePsf] /;/sf/af6 k|ltjlGwt k|hflt jfx]ssf] x'Fbf 3/Jojxf/ rnfpgsf] nflu laqmL ljt/0f ug{n}hfbf of;f]s /]~hkf]i6 If]qleqsf] ljleGg:yfgx¿df km]nf k/]sf] egL lgh cg';Gwfgclws[tn] ;/hdLg d'r'Nsf;lxt cfkm\gf] /fok]z u/]sf] b]lvG5 . tTkZrft\ tL sf7sf];DaGwdf lhNnf jg sfof{no, kfFry/af6 lg0f{ox'g afFsL g} /x]sf] cj:yfdf ;f] sf7sf] ;DaGwdfclVtof/ b'¿kof]u cg';Gwfg cfof]udf ph"/Lk/L ;f] cfof]uaf6 ;f] sf/jfxLsf] kmfon lemsfO{cg';Gwfg ePsf] b]lvg cfpF5 . cfof]uaf6cg';Gwfg kZrft\ of;f]s /]~hkf]i6cGtu{t/fFs] d}bfg] nufot ljleGg !! 7fpFdf j]jfl/;]cj:yfdf e]l6Psf vo/ sf7 yfg *()&kl/df0f %@*&=@( So" kmL6sf] pQm sf7x¿lgj]bsx¿n] cfkm\gf] cfjfbLsf] sf7 s6fg u/LlaqmL k|lqmofdf /x]sf] eg] klg jg P]g, @)$(,jg lgodfjnL, @)%! tyf lghL gDa/LcfjfbLsf] ?v s6fg;DaGwL jg ljefusf] ldlt@)^$.(.!& sf] kl/kqn] tf]s]sf] k|lqmofcg';f/pQm vo/ sf7 s6fg ug{ / cf];f/k;f/ ug{cg'dtL glnPsf] Pj+ lgj]bsx¿n] cfkm\gf]hUufsf] sf7 xf] egL hUufwgL k|df0fk"hf{ /fvLlgj]bg lbO{ pQm j]jfl/;] sf7sf] ;DaGwdfbfjL u/]sf] b]lvFbf jg ;DaGwL k|rlntsfg"gcg';f/ pQm vo/ sf7 hkmt u/L lnnfdug{ lhNnf jg sfof{no kfFry/nfO{ n]vL k7fpg]egL clVtof/ b'¿kof]u cg';Gwfg cfof]uaf6ldlt @)^(.@.% df lg0f{o u/L ;f] lg0f{o

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sfof{Gjog ug{sf] nflu lhNnf jg sfof{nokfFry/df ldlt @)^(.@.!$ df kq n]vL k7fPsf]b]lvg cfpF5 . To:t} lhNnf jg sfof{no,kfFry/af6 klg cfkm"n] 5fgaLg u/]sf] tYo /k|df0fsf] :jefljs lgisif{sf] cfwf/df ;f] sf7sf];DaGwdf lg0f{o ug'{kg]{df ;f]adf]lhd gu/LclVtof/ b'¿kof]u cg';Gwfg cfof]usf] ldlt@)^(.@.% sf] lg0f{oadf]lhd egL pQm sf7x¿hkmt u/L lnnfd ug]{ egL ldlt @)^(.@.!%df lg0f{o u/L ;f]xL lg0f{o;d]tsf] cfwf/df h]h:tf] cj:yfdf 5 ;f]xL cj:yfdf lnnfdlaqmL ug{'kg]{ ePsf] egL pQm j/fdbL vo/sfsf7x¿ lnnfd laqmL ug{ ldlt @)^(.#.^ut]sf] uf]/vfkqdf vo/ sf7 lnnfd ;DaGwL;"rgf k|sflzt ePsf] eGg] b]lvg cfpF5 .

$= o;af6 clVtof/ b '¿kof ]ucg';Gwfg cfof]uaf6 pQm vo/ sf7x¿ hkmtu/L lnnfd ug] { lg0f {o u/L ;f ] lg0f {osfof{Gjogsf] nflu dfq lhNnf jg sfof{nokfFry/df n]vL k7fPsf] / lhNnf jg sfof{no,kfFry/af6 klg ;f]xL lg0f{oadf]lhd pQm sf7x¿hkmt ug]{ u/L ldlt @)^(.@.!% df lg0f{o u/LpQm vo/sf sf7x¿ lnnfd laqmL ug] {;DaGwdf ldlt @)^(.#.^ df ;"rgf k|sflztePsf] eGg] tYodf ljjfb b]lvFb}g .

%= s'g} /fli6«o jg If]qdf geO a]jfl/;]cj:yfdf e]l6Psf sf7sf] ;DaGwdf jg P]gdfs] s:tf] Joj:yf /x]sf] 5 egL x]bf{ jg P]g,@)$( sf] bkmf $& df cfkm\gf] If]qleq a]jfl/;]sf7 km]nf k/]df ;DalGwt lhNnf jg clws[tn]a]jfl/;] sf7sf] xsbfjL;DaGwL ;"rgf 6fF;ug'{kg]{ / To:tf] sf7df xsbfjL ug]{n] kGw|lbgleq cfkm\gf] xsbfjLsf] ;j"b k|df0f ;lxtsf]lbg'kg]{ eGg] Joj:yf /x]sf] kfOG5 . To:t} bkmf$* df xs bfjL ;DaGwdf s;}sf] b/vf:t kg{cfPdf ;DalGwt jg clws[tn] cfjZos

txsLsft u/L u/fO{ b/vf:tjfnfsf] xsbfjLk'Ug] gk'Ug] s'/fsf] lg0f{o u/L To;sf] ;"rgfb/vf:tjfnfnfO{ lbg'kg]{ eGg] Joj:Yff /x]sf]b]lvg cfpF5 . lgj]bg n]vfO Pj+ ljkIfL lhNnfjg sfof{no kfFry/sf] lnlvt hjfkmaf6lgj]bgdf pNn]v u/]sf] sf7sf ;DaGwdfsfg"gn] clwsf/ k|bfg u/]sf] lhNnf jgsfof{no, kfFry/df cg';Gwfg Pj+ hfFrj'emeO{ /x]sf] eGg] b]lvg cfpF5 . clVtof/b'¿kof]u cg'Gwfg cfof]usf] lg0f{odf pNn]vePcg';f/ s6fg cfb]z gePsf] j]jfl/;] sf7hkmt u/L lnnfd ug]{ ;DaGwdf jg P]g,@)$( n] clVtof/ b'¿kof]u cg';Gwfgcfof]unfO{ 5fgaLg ug]{ / lg0f{o ug]{ ;DaGwdfs'g} clwsf/ lbPsf] geO{ ;f] ;DaGwdf;DalGwt lhNnf jg sfof{nosf lhNnf jgclws[tnfO{ clwsf/ lbPsf] eGg] b]lvg cfpF5 .clVtof/ b'¿kof]u cg';Gwfg cfof]uaf6 vo/sf]sf7 hkmt u/L lnnfd ug]{ egL n]vL k7fpg]egL ldlt @)^(.@.% df lg0f{o ubf{ s'g sfg"gsf]cfwf/df pQm lg0f{o u/]sf] xf] ;f] s'/f pQmlg0f{osf] k|ltlnlk x]bf{ b]lvFb}g .

^= lhNnf jg clws[tn] To;/L a]jfl/;]cj:yfdf km]nf k/]sf s6fg cfb]z j]u/sfvo/ hftsf] uf]lnof sf7sf] ;DaGwdf cfjZos5fgaLg ug{ ;xfos jg clws[t ;Togf/fo0fb]jnfO{ lhDd]jf/L tf]s]sf] / ;f] hfFra'emsf]qmddf lgj]bsx¿n] pQm sf7x¿ cfkm\gf] xf]egL ;f] ;DaGwL k|df0f k]z u/]sf], ;fy} ;f];DaGwdf ;/hdLg d'r'Nsf eO{ cfjZos5fgaLg Pj+ cg';Gwfg / txsLsft eO lhNnfjg sfof{noaf6 lg0f{o ug{ jfFsL /x]s} cj:yfdf;f];DaGwL sfo{jfxL kmfon ljkIfL clVtof/b'¿kof]u cg';Gwfg cfof]un] lemsfO{ pQmsf7x¿ a]jfl/;] b]lvPsf] / pQm sf7x¿ cfkm\gf]xf] egL lgj]sbx¿n] bfjL u/]sf] b]lvP tfklg



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hkmt u/L lnnfd ug]{ egL ;DalGwt lhNnfjg sfof{nonfO{ n]vL k7fpg] eGg] lg0f{o u/]sf]kfOof] . To;/L lg0f{o ubf{ lgj]bsx¿nfO{ s'g};'g'jfO{sf] df}sf;d]t lbPsf] b]lvg cfpFb}g .;fy} cfof]un] pQm lg0f{o s'g sfg"gsf] cfwf/dfu/]sf] xf] ;f] ;d]t lg0f{odf pNn]v ePsf]b]lvg cfPg .

& = / f Hosf x/ ]s cË tyfkbflwsf/Lx¿sf sfd sf/jfxL / lqmofsnfksfg"g;Ddt x'g' kb{5 . sf]xL klg sfg"geGbfaflx/ hfg ;Sb}g . s'g} klg lgsfon] hlt;'s}/fd|f] kl/0ffd cfpg] sfd u/] klg olb Tof]sfd ug]{ clwsf/ Tof] lgsfonfO{ 5}g cyf{tgePsf] clwsf/ k|of]u u/L lg0f{o ePsf] 5eg] To:tf] lg0f{on] j}Btf k|fKt ug{ ;Sb}g .lsgsL sfg"gL zf;gdf sfg"gadf]lhd ePu/]sf] sfdn] dfq dfGotf kfpg] x'G5 . o;};DaGwdf ;DdfgLt ;jf] {Rr cbfntaf6tf]lsPsf] clwsf/eGbf a9L clwsf/ s;}n]klg k|of]u ug{ ;Sb}g . olb To:tf] ub{5 eg]If]qflwsf/sf] cefjdf To:tf] sfo{n] dfGotfk|fKt ug{ g;Sg] egL g]sfk @)^*, lg=g+=*%%*, k[= @^@ df ghL/ l;4fGt k|ltkfbgePsf] kfOG5 . To;}u/L sfg"gadf]lhd clwsf/k|fKt lgsfodf ljrf/fwLg ePsf] ljifodfclVtof/ b'¿kof]u cg';Gwfg cfof]un] x:tIf]ku/L ;f] lgsfon] ug]{ sfddf cg'lrt k|efjkfg]{ u/L xs a]xsdf lg0f{o ug{ gx'g] egLg]sfk @)^*, lg=g+= *&!$, k[= !!@ dfl;4fGt k|ltkfbg ePsf] kfOG5 .

*= plNnlvt ghL/ l;4fGtcg';f/;d]t k|rlnt sfg"gn] lhNnf jg sfof{nosf]If]qflwsf/ leq kg]{ ljifodf x:tIf]k ug]{ u/Llgj]bsx¿nfO{ ;'gjfOsf] df}sf ;d]t glbO{clVtof/ b'¿kof]u cg';Gwfg cfof]uaf6 ePsf]lg0f{o Pj+ kqn] sfg"gL dfGotf kfpg ;Sg]

cj:yf b]lvPg . To:tf] lg0f {o Pj+ kqclwsf/If]qsf] cefjdf eP u/]sf] x'Fbf ab/efuLb]lvg cfof] . ;fy} lhNnf jg sfof{nokfFry/n] klg cfkm"n] u/]sf] 5fgaLgsf]:jefljs lgisif{sf] cfwf/df lg0f{o gu/Lclwsf/If]qsf] cefjdf ePsf] cfof]usf] To:tf]lg0f{osf] cfwf/df egL u/]sf] ldlt @)^(.@.!%sf] lg0f{o / ;f] lg0f{o ;d]tsf] cfwf/df ldlt@)^(.#.^ sf] lnnfd ;DaGwL ;"rgf k|sflztu/]sf] b]lvFbf ;f] sfo{n] klg sfg"gL dfGotfkfpg] cj:yf b]lvPg .

(= t;y{ pk/f]Qm k|s/0fx¿df jl0f{ttYout cfwf/ / sf/0faf6 k|:t't ljifodflhNnf jg sfof{nojf6 j]jfl/;] cj:yfdf km]nfk/]sf] vo/ sf7sf] cfjZos 5fgaLg / hfFrj'emu/L lg0f{o ug{ afFsL ePsf] b]lvPsf] cj:yfdfTo:tf] ljifodf ljkIfL clVtof/ b'¿kof]ucg';Gwfg cfof]uaf6 clwsf/If]qljxLg ¿kdflhNnf jg sfof{noaf6 x'g] lg0f{odf cg'lrt¿kdf x:tIf]k x'g] u/L ldlt @)^(.@.% dfvo/sf sf7 hkmt ug]{ lg0f{o u/L ;f] lg0f{osfof{Gjog ug{;Dd lhNnf jg sfof{nodf n]vLk7fPsf] b]lvPsf]n] To:tf] lg0f{o plNnlvtsfg"g tyf ghL/ l;4fGtk|lts"n b]lvFbfcfof]usf] ldlt @)^(.@.% sf] lg0f{o / ;f]lg0f{ocg';f/ n]v]sf] ldlt @)^(.@.!$ sf] kqPj+d\ ;f] adf]lhd lhNnf jg sfof{no,kfFry/jf6 ldlt @)^(.@.!% df ePsf] lg0f{oPj+ ldlt @)^(.#.^ df k|sflzt lnnfd laqmL;DaGwL ;"rgf;d]tsf sfdsf/jfxL u}/sfg"gLb]lvFbf pTk|]if0fsf] cfb]zn] ab/ u/L lbPsf]5 . ca pQm a]jfl/;] a/fdbL sf7sf] ;DaGwdflhNnf jg sfof{no kfFry/af6 cfjZoscg';Gwfg Pj+ 5fgaLg eO{ eO/x]sf] eGg] b]lvFbf;f] a]jfl/;] a/fdbL sf7 lgj]bsx¿sf] xssf]xf], xf]Og osLg ug]{ ;DaGwdf sfg"gadf]lhd

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h] hf] a'em\g' kg]{ xf] a'emL sfg"gadf]lhd lg0f{oug'{ egL ljkIfL lhNnf jg sfof{no, kfFry/sf]gfddf k/dfb]zsf] cfb]z hf/L u/L lbPsf] 5 .ljkIfLsf] hfgsf/Lsf] nflu of] cfb]zsf] hfgsf/LdxfGofoflwjQmfsf] sfof{nodfkm {t\ n]vLk7fpg" . bfo/Lsf] nut s§f u/L ldl;nclen]v zfvfdf a'emfO{ lbg" .

pQm /fodf d ;xdt 5' .

k|=Gof=lvn/fh /]UdL

Olt ;+jt\ @)^( ;fn kmfu'g !$ ut] /f]h @ z'ed\Ohnf; clws[tM sdn/fh lai6

lg0f{o g+=*(^! lg0f{o g+=*(^! lg0f{o g+=*(^! lg0f{o g+=*(^! lg0f{o g+=*(^!

;jf{]Rr cbfnt, ;+o'Qm Ohnf;;DdfggLo k|wfg GofofwLz >L lvn/fh /]UdL

dfggLo GofofwLz >L k|sfz j:tLkmf}=k'=g+= )^&–CR–!!%@

km};nf ldltM @)^(.!).$.%

d'2fM– lnlvt a]OHhtL .

k'g/fj]bs jfbLM s~rgk'/ lhNnf, eLdbQgu/kflnsf j8f g+=!% a:g] g]=/f=e"=k"=; } lgs ; +3 lhNnf sfo {;ldlts~rgk'/sf ;efklt v8\uaxfb'/ vqL

lj?4k|ToyL{ k|ltjfbLM P]=P]= j8f g+= !* a:g] k"0f{l;Fx

yfkf du/

z'? km};nf ug]{Mdf=lh=Gof=>L ef]h/fh zdf{

k'g/fj]bg km};nf ug]{Mdf=d'=Gof=>L b'uf{k|;fb pk|]tLdf=Gof=>L afa'/fd /]UdL

§ ufnL a]OHhtL;DaGwL d'2fdf kLl8tkIfsf] OHht k|lti7fdf k'Ug uPsf] Ifltjf xflg gf]S;fgLafkt kLl8t kIfnfO{k|fKt x'g] pkrf/ dgf]j}1flgs k|s[ltsf]x'G5 . o; qmddf k|ltjfbL kIfnfO{;fÍ]lts k|s[ltsf] ;hfo u/L kLl8tkIfsf] OHht / k|lti7fdf k'u]sf] IfltnfO{cbfntn] k'g:yf{lkt ul/lbg' g} kLl8tkIfsf nflu Gofo / k|ltjfbL kIfsfnflu b08 – b'j} k|of]hgsf nflu kof{Ktx'G5 . k|ltjfbLnfO{ x'g] ;hfosf] dfqfo; ;Gbe{df ljrf/0fLo g} x'Fb}g eGg]xf]Og t/ ;hfosf] dfqfTds a9f]Q/Ldfg} kLl8t kIfn] kfpg] pkrf/ vDaL/x'G5 eGg] lg/k]If wf/0ff /fVg' pko'Qmgx'g] .

-k|s/0f g+=$_§ s'g} vf; tYo, 36gf jf ;Gbe{sf] pNn]v

u/L k|of ]u ul/Psf a]OHhtLk"0f {cleJolQmx¿ hf] jf:tjdf ;To klgx'Fb}gg\Ù ltgLx¿sf] t'ngfdf s'g} vf;;Gbe{sf] pNn]v gu/L ;fdfGo ¿kdfcleJoQm ul/Psf o:tf zAbx¿nfO{kLl8t kIfsf] OHhtdf k'Ug] Ifltsf]b[li6af6 sd uDeL/ g} dfGg'kg]{ .

-k|s/0f g+=%_

k'g/fj]bs jfbLsf tkm{af6M ljåfg clwjQmfljZjgf/fo0f dxh{g

k|ToyL{ k|ltjfbL tkm{af6M

&&&&&

*(^! –*(^! –*(^! –*(^! –*(^! – v8\uaxfb'/ vqL lj=k"0f{l;+x yfkf du/


228228228228228

cjnlDat ghL/M;Da4 sfg"gM§ ufnL / a]OHhtL P]g, @)!^ sf] bkmf

# / %

km};nfGof=k|sfz j:tLM k'g/fj]bg cbfnt

dx]Gb|gu/sf] ldlt @)^&.!!.( sf] km};nfpk/Gofo k|zf;g P]g, @)$* sf] bkmf ( adf]lhdk'g/fj]bg k/L k]z x'gcfPsf]] k|:t't d'2fsf];+lIfKt tYo Pj+ 7x/ o; k|sf/ 5 M–

d o; lhNnfdf gePsf] df}sf kf/LljkIfLn] ldlt @)^^.&.!% ut] cfkm\gf] cWoIftfdfa}7s /fvL s]Gb|Lo ;ldltsf] lg0f{o / ljwfgljk/Ltcfkm\gf] cWoIftfdf :j3f]lift sfo{;ldlt u7gePsf] egL ljleGg lgsfodf ;f]sf] hfgsf/LlbO{ ljkIfL k"0f{l;Fx yfkf du/n] ldlt @)^^.&.!&df d]/f gfpFdf kq n]vL ;f] kqdf dnfO{ g}ltsktg x'g] / ;+3sf] uf}/jdo Oltxf;df cfFrcfpg] sfo{x¿ ;~rfng ub}{ cfpg'ePsf] /h+un k;L sfo{ u/]sf], clkm;af6 rf]/L nu]sf];fdfgx¿ gofF sfo{;ldltnfO{ a'emfpg] egL /ga'emfPdf e|i6frf/L / rf]/L d'2f lhNnf k|zf;gsfof{nodf btf{ u/fOg]5 egL d]/f] OHhtk|lti7fdf cfFr cfpg] zAb k|of]u u/L ufnL /a]OHhtL P]g, @)!^ sf] bkmf # adf]lhd s;"/u/L lnlvt ¿kdf a]OHht u/L cGofo u/]sfn]lgh k|ltjfbLnfO{ ufnL / a]OHhtL P]g, @)!^sf] bkmf % adf]lhd xb};Dd ;hfo u/L P]=P]gsf]bkmf !@ adf]lhd Ifltk"lt{;d]t lbnfO e/fO{kfpFm eGg] Joxf]/fsf] lkm/fbkq .

ljkIfLn] ;+3sf] ljwfgljk/Lt sfo{u/]sf]n] ;+3sf] ljwfgsf] wf/f !* adf]lhdcljZjf;sf] k|:tfjåf/f lghnfO{ ;j{;Ddt ¿kdfkbd'Qm u/L / gofF ;efkltsf] lgjf{rg u/L;f]sf] hfgsf/L lhNnf k|zf;gnufot s]Gb|Lo

;ldltdf k7fpg] sfo{ / kqklqsfdf k|sflztug]{ sfo{ u/]sf] ;+3sf] sfo{ljlw / ljwfgleq}sf]s'/f xf] . ljkIfLn] ;+3nfO{ k|fKt sf7 JolQmut:jfy{k"lt{ ug{ lxgfldgf u/]sf], ;+3sf] 3/ ef8fJolQmut ¿kdf p7fO{ vfPsf], ;+3sf] b}lgssfdsf/jfxLdf cfpg] 5fk, sf8{nufotsfclkm; ;fdu|L lhNnf sfo{ ;ldltnfO{ hfgsf/LglbO{ ;'6'Ss rf]/]/ nu]sf] x'Fbf ;ldltsf] ;j{;Ddt\lg0f{on] lghnfO{ kq k7fOPsf]n] s'g} lnlvta]OHhtL gePsf] / d jt{dfg ;efkltk|lt OjLlnO{ dnfO{ b'Mv x}/fgL lbO{ OjL ;fFWg lbPsf]k|:t't d'2f vf/]h ul/kfpFm eGg];d]t Joxf]/fsf]k"0f{l;Fx yfkf du/sf] k|ltpQ/kq .

jfbL k|ltjfbLsf ;fIfLx¿n] as]sf]askq ldl;n ;+nUg /x]sf] .

jfbL bfjLcg';f/ k|ltjfbLn] jfbLsf]lnlvt ufnL a]OHhtL u/]sf], lghn] kqdf rf]/,e|i6, h+un k:g]h:tf zAb k|of]u u/]sf] :jLsf/u/]sf]af6 k|i6 x'g cfPsf]n] ufnL / a]OHhtLP]g, @)!^ sf] bkmf % adf]lhd k|ltjfbL k"0f{l;Fxyfkf du/nfO{ !% lbg s}b / ?=@)). h/Ljfgfx'g] 7x5{ eGg] z'? s~rgk'/ lhNnf cbfntaf6ldlt @)^&.@.@% df ePsf] km};nf .

;+3sf] sfof{nodf ljkIfLn] s] s] sfdu/]sf 5g\ egL yfxf gePsf] JolQmsf] askqnfO{cfwf/ agfpg ldNg] xf]Og . d]/f ;fIfLn] clkm;dfgcfpg] x'Fbf kq n]v]sf] xf], lnlvt a]OHhtLu/]sf] xf]Og egL ;DdfgLt cbfntdf askqul/lbPaf6 ;d]t d}n] a]OHht gu/]sf] Joxf]/f:ki6 x'Fbfx'Fb} dnfO{ ;hfo ug]{ u/L ePsf] km};nfab/ u/L Gofo kfpFm eGg];d]t Joxf]/fsf] k|ltjfbLk"0f{l;Fx yfkfsf] k'g/fj]bg cbfntdf k/]sf]k'g/fj]bg kq .

k"0f{l;Fx yfkf du/n] g]kfn /fli6«o e"tk"j{;}lgs ;+3 lhNnf sfo{;ldlt s~rgk'/sftkm{af6 jfbL v8saxfb'/ vqLnfO{ n]v]sf] ldlt

229229229229229

@)^^.&.!& sf] kqsf] efjgfsf] ljj]rgf /ljZn]if0f gu/L ePsf] z'?sf] km};nf ljrf/0fLob]lvFbf 5nkmnsf nflu k|ToyL{ jfbLnfO{ lemsfO{k]z ug'{ eGg] k'g/fj]bg cbfnt dx]Gb|gu/sf]cfb]z .

cf}krfl/s ¿kdf ul/Psf] kqfrf/dflzi6 efiff k|of]u ug'{kg]{df k|ltjfbL k"0f{l;Fxyfkf du/n] jfbL v8saxfb'/ vqLnfO{ ;Daf]wgu/L @)^^.&.!& df n]v]sf] kqdf jfbLnfO{ cfIf]knufO{ a]OHhtL ug]{ lsl;dsf zJbfjnL k|of]uePsf] b]lvFbf k|ltjfbL k"0f{l;+x yfkf du/nfO{!% lbg s}b;d]t ug]{ u/]sf] z'¿ s~rgk'/lhNnf cbfntsf] km};nf ldl;n;+nUg k|df0fsfuhftsf] cfwf/df h/Ljfgfdfq ul/Pdf klgufnL / a]OHhtL P]g, @)!^ sf] ds;b k"/f x'g]l:yltdf s}bsf] ;hfo;d]t u/]sf] xb;Dd pQmkm};nf ldn]sf] b]lvPg . k|ltjfbL k"0f{l;Fx yfkfdu/nfO{ ?=@)). -b'O{ ;o_ h/Ljfgf u/]sf]xb;Dd ;f] km};nf ldn]s} b]lvFbf ;b/ eO{ z'?s~rgk'/ lhNnf cbfntsf] ldlt @)^&.@.@%sf] km};nf s]xL pN6L x'g] 7x5{ . ;Dk"0f{ cf/f]kaf6;kmfO kfpFm eGg] k'g/fj]bs k|ltjfbLsf] ;f] xb;DdlhsL/ k'Ug ;Sb}g eGg] k'g/fj]bg cbfntdx]Gb|gu/sf] ldlt @)^&.!!.( sf] km};nf .

z'? km};nf s]xL pN6L u/L ljkIfLnfO{s}bsf] ;hfo gug]{ / h/Ljfgfdfq ug]{ u/]sf]k'g/fj]bg cbfntsf] km};nf q'l6k"0f{ ePsf]n] ;f]xb;Dd pN6L u/L ljkIfLnfO{ lkm/fb bfjLadf]lhd;hfo ul/kfpFm eGg] Joxf]/fsf] jfbLsf] o;cbfntdf k/]sf] k'g/fj]bg kq .

lgodadf]lhd k]zL ;"rLdf r9L k]zx'gcfPsf] k|:t't d'2fsf] k'g/fj]bg;lxtsf] ;Dk"0f{ldl;n cWoog ul/of] .

k'g/fj]bs jfbLsf tkm{af6 pkl:ytljåfg clwjQmf >L ljZjgf/fo0f dxh{gn] jfbLsflj?4 k|ltjfbLn] k|of]u u/]sf a]OHhtLk"0f{

zAbx¿nfO{ b[li6ut ubf{ k|ltjfbLnfO{ h/Ljfgfdfqsf] ;hfo ug]{ u/]sf] k'g/fj]bg cbfntsf]km};nf q'l6k"0f{ ePsf]n] ;f] xb;Dd ab/ u/Lk|ltjfbLnfO{ s}b;d]t x'g'kb{5 egL ax; ug'{eof] .

@= plNnlvt ax;;d]t ;'gL lg0f{otkm{ljrf/ ubf{ k|ltjfbLn] jfbLsf gfddf n]v]sf]ljjflbt ldlt @)^^.&.!& k=;+= )^^.^& r=g+=@) sf] kqdf æg}lts ktg x'g] / ;+3sf] uf}/jdoOltxf; k|lti7fdf cfFr cfpg] sfo{x¿ ;~rfngub}{ cfpg'ePsf]Æ, æh+un k;L g]=/f=e"=k"=;}=;+3 lh=sf=;= sf] sfof{no ;~rfng ug'{ePsf]Æ,ætkfOFn] clkm;af6 rf]/L nu]sf ;Dk"0f {sfuhftx¿ cfly{s ef}lts ;fdfgx¿ sfof{nodfNofO{ a'emfOlbg' x'gÆ h:tf zAbfjnLx¿ k|of]uePsf b]lvG5g\ .

#= s'g} cfwf/ k|df0flagf / cglws[ttj/af6 jfbLsf lj?4 n]lvPsf] o:tf] Joxf]/fnfO{lzi6 / dof{lbt eGg gldnL jfbL bfjLadf]lhdk|ltjfbLn] ufnL / a]OHhtL P]g, @)!^ sf] bkmf# k|lts"nsf] sfo{ u/]s} b]lvg cfpF5 . ;hfosf;DaGwdf ljrf/ ubf{ pQm P]gsf] bkmf % dfs;}sf] a]OHhtL ug]{ JolQmnfO{ ækfFr xhf/¿k}ofF;Dd h/Ljfgf x'g]5 / Ps jif{;Dd s}bsf];hfo klg x'g ;Sg]5Æ eGg] Joj:yf /x]sf]b]lvG5 .

$= pk/f]Qm sfg"gL Joj:yfaf6 k|ltjfbLn]u/]sf] s;"/sf] uDeL/tf / kLl8tn] ef]Ug' k/]sf]kL8f jf lghsf] OHhtdf k'u]sf] Ifltsf] ljrf/u/L cbfntn] pko'Qm ;hfo lgwf{/0f ug{;Sg]g} b]lvG5 . ufnL a]OHhtL;DaGwL d'2fdf kLl8tkIfsf] OHht k|lti7fdf k|ltjfbL kIfaf6 k'UguPsf] Iflt jf xflg gf]S;fgLafkt kLl8t kIfnfO{k|fKt x'g] pkrf/ dgf]j}1flgs k|s[ltsf] x'G5 .o; qmddf k|ltjfbL kIfnfO{ ;fÍ]lts k|s[ltsf];hfo u/L kLl8t kIfsf] OHht / k|lti7fdfk'u]sf] IfltnfO{ cbfntn] k'g:yf{lkt ul/lbg' g}

*(^! –*(^! –*(^! –*(^! –*(^! – v8\uaxfb'/ vqL lj=k"0f{l;+x yfkf du/


230230230230230

kLl8t kIfsf nflu Gofo / k|ltjfbL kIfsf nflub08 – b'j} k|of]hgsf nflu kof{Kt x'G5 . k|ltjfbLnfO{x'g] ;hfosf] dfqf o; ;Gbe{df ljrf/0fLo g}x'Fb}g eGg] xf]Og t/ ;hfosf] dfqfTds a9f]Q/Ldfg} kLl8t kIfn] kfpg] pkrf/ vDaL/ x'G5 eGg]lg/k]If wf/0ff /fVg' pko'Qm x'Fb}g .

%= k|:t't d'2fdf k|ltjfbLn] jfbLpk/ljjflbt kqdf k|of]u u/]sf pk/f]Qm zAbfjnLx¿s'g} vf; tYo jf 36gfdf cfwfl/t eGg] b]lvggcfO{ uf]Zjf/f af]nLdf s'g} vf; tYo jf ;Gbe{sf]pNn]v gul/sg n]lvPsf b]lvG5g\ . s'g} vf;tYo, 36gf jf ;Gbe{sf] pNn]v u/L k|of]uul/Psf a]OHhtLk"0f{ cleJolQmx¿, hf] jf:tjdf;To klg x'Fb}gg\Ù ltgLx¿sf] t'ngfdf s'g} vf;;Gbe{sf] pNn]v gu/L ;fdfGo ¿kdf cleJoQmul/Psf o:tf zAbx¿nfO{ kLl8t kIfsf] OHhtdfk'Ug] Ifltsf] b[li6af6 sd uDeL/ g} dfGg'kg]{x'G5 . ctM k|ltjfbLn] jfbLpk/ uf]Zjf/f af]nLdfJoQm u/]sf pk/f]Qm cleJolQmx¿nfO{ x]bf{k|ltjfbLnfO{ ;fÍ]lts ;hfo dfq u/] klg kof{Ktx'g] / jfbLn] cfkm\gf] OHhtdf k'u]sf] Ifltk'g:yf{lkt ePsf] dx;"; ug{;Sg] g} x'Fbfk|ltjfbLnfO{ h/Ljfgf / s}b;d]t ug]{ u/]sf]z'¿ km};nf s]xL pN6L u/L k|ltjfbLnfO{ ?=@)).–h/Ljfgfdfq ug]{ 7x¥ofPsf] k'g/fj]bg cbfntdx]Gb|gu/sf] km};nf ldn]s} b]lvFbf ;b/ x'g]7x5{ . jfbLsf] k'g/fj]bg lhsL/ k'Ug ;Sb}g .ldl;n lgodfg';f/ u/L a'emfOlbg" .

pQm /fodf ;xdt 5' .

k|=Gof=lvn/fh /]UdL

Olt ;+jt\ @)^( ;fn df3 $ ut] /f]h % z'ed\Ohnf; clws[tM dft[sfk|;fb cfrfo{

lg0f{o g+=*(^@ lg0f{o g+=*(^@ lg0f{o g+=*(^@ lg0f{o g+=*(^@ lg0f{o g+=*(^@

;jf{]Rr cbfnt, ;+o'Qm Ohnf;dfggLo GofofwLz >L bfdf]b/k|;fb zdf{dfggLo GofofwLz >L lu/Lz rGb| nfn;+jt\ @)^@ ;fnsf] b]=k'=g+= *$(^

km};nf ldltM @)^(.!!.@*.@

d'2fM /}s/ nut s§f .

k'g/fj]bs k|ltjfbLM sf7df8f}+ lhNnf, sf7df8f}+dxfgu/kflnsf j8f g+= @& a:g]sflhdfgGb ah|frfo{ ;d]t

lj?4k|ToyL{ jfbLM P]=P]= j8f g+= # a:g] s[i0faxfb'/ dxh{g

z'? km};nf ug{]Msf=d'= k|zf;s >L bfdf]b/ 9sfn

k'g/fj]bg km};nf ug{]Mdf=Gof=>L /fh]Gb|k|;fb sf]O/fnfdf=Gof=>L 1fg]Gb|axfb'/ sfsL{

§ ljjflbt hUufdf :jfldTjsf] bfjL ug{]n]xfn} k|fKt u/]sf] hUufwgL k|df0fk"hf{k]z ug'{ dfq kof{Kt x'Fb}g . ;f] k|df0fk"hf{j}wflgs ¿kdf k|fKt u/]sf] xf] eGgnfO{;f]sf] xssf] ;|f]tx¿af6 ljjflbthUufdflysf] :jfldTjsf] clwsf/ :yflktePsf] x'g'kg]{ .

§ hUufsf] :jfldTjsf] k|df0f:j¿k hUufsf]nut, ef]u / lt/f] ;d]tsf k|df0fx¿sf]cefjdf lkmN8j'sdf ls;fgn] n]vfPsf]Joxf]/fn] dfq hUufsf] :jfldTjsf] l;h{gfx'g g;Sg] .

-k|s/0f g+=^_&&&&&

231231231231231

§ u'7Lsf] hUuf sf/0fj; x}l;ot kl/jt{geO{ /}s/df btf{ ePsf] /x]5 eg] u'7L;+:yfgsf] k|zf;sn] hUufsf] x}l;otkl/jt{g eO{ btf{ x'g uPsf] k|dfl0ftx'g cfPdf ;fljscg';f/ g} hUuf btf{ug{ ;Sg] / unt ¿kdf btf{ ePsf]nut s§f ug{] clwsf/ k|bfg u/]sf]n]o:tf] dxTjk"0f{ clwsf/ u'7Lsf] k|zf;g,;+/If0f / lgodg ug{] u'7L ;+:yfgnfO{P]gåf/f k|bQ x'g] .

§ s'g} P]g ;+ljwfg;Fu aflemPsf] 7x/ eO{ab/ ePsf ] jf sfg "gsf dfGol;4fGtljk/Lt eO{ nfu" ug{ g;lsg]ePsf] cj:yfdf afx]s ljwflosfn]agfPsf] sfg"gnfO{ cbfntn] sfof{Gjogug'{kg{] .

§ u'7L ;+:yfgsf] k|zf;snfO{ k|bfg ePsf]Goflos clwsf/ cfTdut ¿kdf /:j]R5frf/L ¿kdf k|of]u x'g ;Sb}g . of]clwsf/sf] k|of]u ubf{ ;b}j k|rlntsfg"g tyf j:t'ut k|df0fx¿sf] lgikIfd"NofÍg u/L Goflos dgsf] k|of]u u/Llg0f{o ug'{kg{] . u'7L ;+:yfgn] u/]sf]lg0f{odf sfg"g tyf k|df0fx¿sf] d"NofÍgu/L Goflos dg nufO{ lg0f{o ePsf]b]lvPdf o; cbfntaf6 u'7L ;+:yfgsfk|zf;sn] lg0f{o u/]sf] cfwf/n] dfq:j]R5frf/L eGg gldNg] .

-k|s/0f g+=*_

k'g/fj]bs tkm{af6M ljåfg clwjQmf z+s/ ;'j]bL/ ejfgL v8\sf

ljkIfL tkm{af6M ljåfg clwjQmfåo afns[i0fGof}kfg] / 1fg]Gb|k|;fb kf]v/]n

cjnlDat ghL/M§ g]sfk @)^^, lg=g+= *@#*

;Da4 sfg"gM§ u'7L ;+:yfg P]g, @)## sf] bkmf #(,

#(-!_,-@_

km};nfGof=lu/Lz rGb| nfnM Gofo k|zf;g P]g,

@)$* sf] bkmf !@ -!_-s_ adf]lhd bf]xf]¥ofO{x]g{] lg:;f k|bfg eO{ k]z x'g cfPsf] k|:t'td'2fsf] ;+lIfKt tYo / 7x/ o; k|sf/ 5M–

d]/f] lktf cfzfd¿ dxh{gsf gfpFdflzj zQm]Zj/ u'7Lsf] nut g+= * df btf{ ePsf]sf7df8f}+ dxfgu/kflnsf j8f g+= @@-u_ ls=g++!&* sf] If]qkmn !–!$–! / P]= ls=g+= !&( sf]If]qkmn )–^–! ;d]t hUuf lgh d]/f] lktfcfzfd¿ dxh{g @)$%.^.& df k/nf]s eO;s]sf/ lghsf] z]ifkl5sf] xsbf/ d dfq x'Fbf pQmhUufx¿df btf{jfnf hf]tfxf;d]t d]/f] gfpFdfgfd;f/L u/L hUufwgL k|df0fk"hf{ kfpFm egLsf7df8f}+ lhNnf sf7df8f}+ dxfgu/kflnsf j8fg+= # dxf/fhu~h a:g] s[i0faxfb'/ dxh{gsf]sf7df8f}+ u'7L tx;Ln sfof{nodf lgj]bg btf{eO{ sf/jfxL rn]sf] /x]5 .

lgj]bsn] k]z u/]sf] gftf k|dfl0ftk|ltlnlkaf6 cfzfd¿ dxh{g @)$%.^.* dfk/nf]s ePsf] / cfzfd¿ dxh{gsf] 5f]/f gftfsf]s[i0faxfb'/ dxh{g Ps dfq xsbf/ eGg] b]lvPsf]tyf lghn] lzj zQm]Zj/ u'7L nut g+= * sf]sfodL sf7df8f}+ dxfgu/kflnsf j8f g+= @@-u_ ls=g+= !&* sf] If]qkmn !–!$–! / ls=g+=!&( sf] If]qkmn )–^–! sf] @)$$ ;fn;Ddsf]s'tjfnL btf{jfnf df]xL cfzfd¿ dxh{gsfgfpFaf6 sfof{nodf a'emfPsf] /l;bsf] k|ltlnlk;d]t lgj]bg;fy k]z u/]sf] / sf7df8f} +dxfgu/kflnsf # g+= j8f ;ldltn] lgodfg';f/gfd;f/L u/L lbg sf7df8f}+ u'7L tx;Lnsf]gfpFdf u/]sf] l;kmfl/z kq ;d]t lgj]bg ;fd]n

*(^@ –*(^@ –*(^@ –*(^@ –*(^@ – sflhdfgGb ah|frfo{ ;d]t lj=s[i0faxfb'/ dxh{g


232232232232232

/x]5 . pQm btf{jfnf df]xL afa'nfnsf gfpFaf6ldlt @)#(.(.@* sf] l6Kk0fL ;b/adf]lhdsf7df8f}+ dxf/fhu~h a:g] cfzfd¿ dxh{gsf]gfpFdf gfd;f/L ul/Psf] Joxf]/f;d]tsf] sf7df8f}+u'7L tx;Lnsf] cf=j= @)#(÷)$) sf] l6Kk0fL/l;bsf] k]6jf]nLdf pNn]v ePsf] /x]5 .

pQm hUufx¿sf] lkmN8a's ptf/ x]bf{sf7df8f}+ dxfgu/kflnsf j8f g+= @@-u_ ls=g+=!&* sf] If]qkmn !–!$–! e} hf]tfxf dxndfcfzfd¿ dxh{g sf=O{= dxf/fhu~h / ls;fgsf]Joxf]/fdf of] hUuf sf=O{= Wjsf axfn a:g] ef]6]zfSo sf] xf] . s'tdf hf]tL vfO{ cfPsf] 5' eGg]Joxf]/f pNn]v ePsf] . To:t} u/L sf/jfxLdfcfPsf] pQm b'j} lsQf hUufsf] df]7 ;|]:tf x]bf{dfnkf]t sfof{no l8NnLahf/af6 ;f] hUufsf] @g+= cg';"rL dfu ubf{ b'j} lsQf hUufdf df]xLcfzfd¿ dxh{g sf=O{= dxf/fhu~h hlgO{hUufwgLdf ef]6] ZffSo sf=O{= Wjsf axfn hlgPsf]sf7df8f}+ dxfgu/kflnsf j8f g+= @@-u_ sf]cg';"rLaf6 b]lvPsf] Joxf]/f e"ld;'wf/ sfof{nosf7df8f}+sf] kqåf/f hfgsf/L k|fKt x'g cfPsf]/x]5 .

tt\kZrft\ df]7 ;|]:tf lkmN8j's / @ g+=cg';"rL ;d]taf6 b]lvPsf JolQm ef]6] zfSonfO{lgj]bssf] dfuadf]lhd hfgsf/L gx'g] s'g} sf/0feP o;df ;k|df0f pkl:yt x'g cfpg' xf]nfegL & lbg] Dofb ;"rgf hf/L ul/Psf]df pQmDofb ;"rgf ef]6] zfSo eGg] nf]sfgGb ah|frfo{ePsf] Joxf]/f pNn]v u/L lghsf] 5f]/f wd{ldqfgGbah|frfo{n] a'emL lnO{ ef]6] zfSo eGg] nf]sfgGbah|frfo{ ePsf] / c? ;Dk"0f{ k|df0f kl5 k]zug{] Joxf]/f bzf{pFb} sf7df8f}+ dxfgu/kflnsfj8f g+= @& Tof}8 a:g] wdf{ldqfgGb ah|frfo{n]@)$^.!!.@* df sf7df8f} + u'7L tx;Lnsfof{nodf lgj]bg lbO{ xfhL/ x'g' ePsf] /x]5 .lghn] cfkm" xfhL/ x' Fbf lhNnf sfof{no

sf7df8f}+sf] r=g+= @(^&, ldlt @)$^.&.@ sf]hf] ;Fu ;DaGw 5 eGg] ljifosf] l;kmfl/z kqsf]k | ltlnlk k ]z u/ ]sf ] h;df sf7df8f } +dxfgu/kflnsf j8f g+= @& a:g] nf]sfgGb a}BeGg] nf]sfgGb ah|frfo{ eGg]sf] 5f]/f wdf{ldqfgGbah|frfo{ eGg] / wdf{ldqfgGb a}B b'j} gfdsf]Ps} JolQm x'g egL Joxf]/f k|dfl0ft ul/Psf]Joxf]/f pNn]v ePsf] t/ ef]6] zfSo eGg] sf] xf]eGg] ;DaGwdf pNn]v ePsf] gkfO{Psf] . lghwdf{ldqfgGb ah|frfo{nfO{ sf7df8f}+ u'7L tx;Lnsfof{nosf] cfb]zfg';f/ xfhL/ ePsf] ldlt@)$^.!!.@* b]lv tfl/vdf /flvPsf] /x]5 .

ldlt @)$&.^.& sf] gftf k|dfl0ftk|ltlnlkx¿ ;d]t k]z ub{} sf/jfxLsf] hUufcfkm\gf] xfnfwf] jf]y] lghL u'7Lsf] kk'O{tf v]tePsf] Joxf]/f pNn]v ub{} wd{ldqfgGb ah|frfo{sf];§f 1flgofgGb ah|frfo{nfO{ ;Dk"0f{ xsbf/x¿n]jf/]; lgo'Qm u/L k7fPsf] / tt\kZrft\ lghjf/]; 1flgofgGb ah|frfo{ tfl/vdf a;L cfPsf]/x]5g\ .

hUufwgLx¿ kbdfgGb ah|frfo{,sflhdfgGb ah|frfo{, Gx'R5]dfgGb ah|frfo{,a]bdfgGb ah|frfo{, ljBfgGb ah|frfo{,dgf]/fGhgs'df/ j}w, ;'dtL ah|frfo{ ;d]t hDdf& hgfsf] gfd / df]xL dxndf cfzfd¿ dxh{gsf=O{= dxf/fhu~hsf] gfddf df]7 ;|]:tfaf6k|dfl0ft b]lvPsf] Joxf]/f hfgsf/L x'g cfPsf]/x]5 .

sf7df8f}+ dxfgu/kflnsf j8f g+= @@-u_ ls=g+= !&* sf] !–!$–! / P]= ls=g+= !&(sf] If]qkmn )–^–! hUuf lzj zQm]Zj/ u'7Lsfof{nodf /x]sf] cfzfd¿ dxh{gsf] gfdsf]vnf g+= * If]qkmn .@.!&.$ wfg .!^.@ ux'F .!.%gubL –.@) sf] xfn ;fljs nut ;|]:tfaf6;d]t le8L lt/f] lt/fg x'Fb} cfPsf] hUuf x'Fbfu'7L ;+:yfg P]g, @)## sf] bkmf #( adf]lhd

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pQm hUufsf] /}s/ nut s§f u/L lzj zQm]Zj/u'7L g} sfod ug{] u/L lg0f{o ul/of] eGg] u'7L;+:yfgsf] lg0f{o .

ljjflbt hUufx¿ lzj zQm]Zj/ u'7Lsf]xf]Og . ljjflbt hUufx¿ lghL u'7Lsf] hUufxf] . u'7L ;+:yfg s]Gb|Lo sfof{noaf6 /}s/ nuts§f ug{] u/L ePsf] lg0f{o pN6L ul/kfpFm eGg]k'g/fj]bssf] k'g/fj]bg cbfntdf k/]sf] k'g/fj]bgkq .

t]/f]d]/f] b]lvPsf] cj:yfdf u'7L ;+:yfgtyf dfnkf]t sfof{no sf7df8f}+ s;}nfO{ klglg0f{o ug]{ clwsf/ g/xFbf g/xFb} u/]sf] lg0f{o:jtM lgliqmo x'G5 . o:tf] lg0f{onfO{ ab/ u/fO{/xg' kg{] x'Fb}g . tyfkL u'7L ;+:yfgsf] ldlt@)%!.%.#! sf] lg0f{opk/ k'g/fj]bssf] o;cbfntdf k'g/fj]bg kg{ cfPsf] x'Fbf u'7Lsf]pQm lg0f{o clwsf/If]q aflx/sf] b]lvFbf ab/ul/lbPsf] 5 . cj h] hf] a'em\g' kg{] k|df0f a'emLt]/f] d]/f]tkm{ xs sfod u/fO{ Nofpg' egL;DalGwt kIfnfO{ ;'gfO{ lbg'kg{] x'Fbf pkl:ytkIfx¿nfO{ u'7L ;+:yfgsf] tfl/v tf]sL cg'kl:ytkIfnfO{ ;d]t ;"rgf lbO{ ;'gfpg' egL ldl;nz'? u'7L ;+:yfg sf7df8f}+df k7fO{ lbg' eGg]k'g/fj]bg cbfnt, kf6gsf] ldlt @)%$.!).!#sf] km};nf .

7f]; / ljZjf;gLo k|df0f ljgf u'7L;+:yfg P]g, @)## sf] bkmf #( sf] unt k|of]uaf6s;}sf gfpFdf clwsf/ k|fKt lgsfon] u/]sf]/Ltk"j{ssf] btf{ ;|]:tf ab/ ug{ gldNg] x'Fbf u'7Lk|zf;ssf] ldlt @)%!.%.#! sf] lg0f{o ab/u/]sf] k'g/fj]bg cbfntsf] km};nf ;b/ sfod/fvL k'g/fj]bg cbfntsf] km};nfdf dfnkf]tsfof{nosf] lg0f{o lgliqmo x'G5 egL dfnkf]tsfof{non] ljjflbt hUuf xfd|f] gfpFdf btf{ ug{]u/]sf] ldlt @)$*.!!.#) sf] lg0f{onfO{ ;+s]tu/L lgliqmo u/]sf] xf] eg] ;f] km};nfsf] pQm

v08 ab/ ul/kfpFm eGg] k'g/fj]bs k|ltjfbLsf];jf{]Rr cbfntdf k/]sf] k'g/fj]bg kq .

ljkIfL lemsfO{ cfPkl5 lgodfg';f/ k]zug'{ eGg] ;jf{]Rr cbfntsf] cfb]z .

k|:t't d'2fdf k'g/fj]bg cbfnt kf6gaf6ePsf] ldlt @)%$.!).!# sf] km};nf ab/ u/LlbPsf] 5 . ;DalGwt k|df0f tyf tt\ ;DaGwdfhf] h] a'em\g' k5{ a'emL sfg"gadf]lhd lg0f{o ug'{egL ?h' kIfnfO{ tfl/v tf]sL ldl;n k'g/fj]bgcbfnt, kf6gdf k7fO{ lbg' eGg] ;jf{]Rrcbfntsf] ldlt @)%(.@.# sf] km};nf .

u'7Lsf] nut g+= * df /x]sf] hUuf ldlt@)#(.(.@* df g} u'7L ;+:yfgn] u'7Ls} gftfn]df]xL s[i0faxfb'/ dxh{g sfod u/L ;s]sf]df;f]pk/ oL jfbLn] r'gf}tL lbO{ ab/ u/fpg;s]sf] b]lvb}g . ljjfbsf] hUuf ljleGg JolQmsfgfpFdf xs x:tfGt/0f eO{ ;Sbf klg oLk'g/fj]bsn] ab/ afltn u/fpg g;sL /x]sf]cj:yfdf pQm ljjflbt ls=g+= !&*, !&( sfhUuf /}s/ g} /x]5g\ eGg ;lsg] l:ylt gb]lvFbfljjflbt hUuf u'7L sfod u/]sf] u'7L ;+:yfgsf]ldlt @)%!.%.#! sf] km};nf ldn]s} b]lvFbf z'?sf]km};nf ;b/ x'g] 7x5{ . k'g/fj]bgsf] k'g/fj]bglhsL/ k'Ug ;Sb}g eGg] k'g/fj]bg cbfnt,kf6gsf] km};nf .

bfjLsf ls=g+= !&* / !&( sf] hUufdfnkf]t sfof{nosf] ldlt @)$*.!!.#) sf]lg0f{on] xfd|f] gfpFdf btf{ eO{ hUufwgL k|df0fk"hf{k|fKt u/]sf 5f}+ . oL hUufsf] lkmN8j'sdf df]xLcfzd? hlgO{ lghn] ls;fgsf] Joxf]/fdf of]hUuf sf=O{= 9f]sfaxfn a:g] ef]6] zfSosf] xf],s'tdf hf]tL vfO{ cfPsf] 5' egL n]vfO{ lbPsf5g\ . plNnlvt ef]6] zfSo xfd|f] afa' afh]nf]sfgGb x'g\ . u'7L ;+:yfg P]g, @)## sf] bkmf#( lg/k]If geO{ ;fk]If Joj:yf xf] . o;sf]:j]R5frf/L k|of]u x'g ;Sb}g . u'7L k|zf;ssf]



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lg0f{o k|df0faf6 k'li6 x'g g;s]sf] x'Fbf k'g/fj]bgcbfntsf] km};nf q'l6k"0f{ 5 . k|:t't d'2f bf]xf]¥ofO{x]/L ;f] km};nf ab/ u/L xfd|f] gfpFdf dfnkf]tsfof{noaf6 btf{ ;|]:tf k"hf{ ;b/ sfod ul/kfpFmeGg] k|ltjfbL sflhdfgGb ah|frfo{ ;d]tsf]k'g/fj]bg kq .

o;df ljjfbsf] hUufsf] df]xL cfzfd¿sf]@ g+= cg';"rLdf hUufwgLdf ef]6] zfSo eGg]n]vfO{ /x]sf] / ljjflbt hUuf lgj]bssf gfpFdfdfnkf]t sfof{nosf] ldlt @)$*.!!.#) sf]lg0f{on] btf{ e} /x]sf] cj:yfdf u'7L sfod x'g]u'7L ;+:yfgsf] @)%!.%.#! sf] lg0f{o ;b/ sfodx'g] 7x/fPsf] k'g/fj]bg cbfntsf] km};nfdfc=j+= !*$s / k|df0f P]g, @)#! sf] bkmf %$sf] JofVofTds q'l6 b]lvFbf Gofo k|zf;g P]g,@)$* sf] bkmf !@-!_ sf] v08 -s_ adf]lhdk|:t't d'2f bf]xf]¥ofO{ x]g{] lg:;f k|bfg ul/Psf] 5eGg] o; cbfntsf] cfb]z .

lgodadf]lhd b}lgs k]zL ;"rLdf;dfj]z eO{ k]z x'g cfPsf] k|:t't d'2fdfk'g/fj]bsx¿sf] tkm{af6 ljåfg clwjQmf z+s/;'j]bLn] ljjflbt ls=g+= !&* / !&( sfhUufx¿sf] df]xL cfzfd¿ ePsf]df ljjfb5}g . lghn] gfkL x'Fbf ls;fgsf] dxndf of]hUuf 9f]sf6f]n a:g] ef]6] zfSosf] xf] egLn]vfPsf] 5 . ef]6] zfSo oL k'g/fj]bssfafh] nf]sfgGb x'g eGg] gftf k|dfl0ftnufotsfsfuhftx¿n] k'li6 u/L /x]sf] cj:yf 5 .ljjflbt hUufsf] ;f Fw l;dfgfdf /x]sfhUufx¿ k'g/fjb]sx¿sf] ePsf]n] klg pQmhUuf k'g/fj]bssf] lghL u'7Lsf] x'g\ eGg]k|i6 x'G5 . pQm hUufx¿sf] ;|]:tf k|df0fx¿sf]d"NofÍg u/L dfnkf]t sfof{non] k'g/fj]bssf]gfddf btf{ ug{] lg0f{o u/L ;s]sf] x'Fbf k'g/fj]bgcbfntaf6 ePsf] q'l6k"0f{ lg0f{o ab/ x'g'k5{egL ax; ug'{eof] .

ljkIfL s[i0faxfb'/ dxh{gsf] tkm{af6ljåfg clwjQmf afns[i0f Gof}kfg]n] ljjflbthUufx¿ lzjzQm]Zj/ /fhu'7Lsf] xf] . h;sf]nut sfod 5 . lghL u'7L eGg]n] ;f]sf] ;|]:tfk|df0faf6 k'li6 ug'{kb{5 . u'7Ldf d'2f rnL@)$^ ;fnb]lv tfl/vdf /x]sf] cj:yfdfdfnkf]t sfof{nodf /}s/df btf{ ug'{ ab\lgotk"0f{5 . k'g/fj]bg cbfntsf] OG;fkm ldn]s} x'Fbf;b/ x'g'kb{5 egL ax; ug'{eof] .

To;}u/L ljkIfL u'7L ;+:yfgsf] tkm{af6ljåfg clwjQmf 1fg]Gb|k|;fb kf]v/]nn] ljjflbthUufsf] lg0f{o x'Fbf ;fljs nut ef]u ;d]tsfk|df0f x]/L lg0f{o ePsf] 5 . df]xLn] u'7LnfO{ s'ta'emfpFb} cfPsf] x'Fbf ljjflbt hUufdf u'7Lsf]lg/Gt/ ef]u 5 . u'7L ;+:yfg P]g, @)## sf]bkmf #( cg';f/ k|fKt clwsf/ k|of]u u/L ePsf]lg0f{o sfg"g;Ddt\ x'Fbf k'g/fj]bg cbfntsf]OG;fkm ;b/ x''g'k5{ egL ax; ug'{eof] .

pkl:yt ljåfg sfg"g Joj;foLx¿n]ug'{ ePsf] ax; ;'gL cfh lg0f{o ;'gfpg k]zLtf]lsPsf]df k'g/fjb]s tkm{af6 ljåfg sfg"gJoj;foL z+s/ ;'j]bL / ejfgL v8\sfn] k]z ug'{ePsf] ;+o'Qm ax;gf]6 tyf ljkIfLx¿ tkm{af6pkl:yt ljåfg clwjQmfx¿ 1fg]Gb|k|;fb kf]v/]n/ afns[i0f Gof}kfg]n] k]z ug'{ ePsf] 5'§f5'§}ax; gf]6 ;d]t cWoog ul/of] .

OG;fkmtkm{ ljrf/ ubf{ k'g/fj]bg cbfnt,kf6gaf6 ePsf] OG;fkm ldn]sf] 5 5}g k|ltjfbLsf]k'g/fj]bg lhsL/ k'Ug ;S5 ;Sb}g eGg] ;DaGwdflg0f{o lbg'kg{] b]lvof] .

@= lg0f{otkm{ ljrf/ ubf{ d]/f lktfcfzfd¿ dxh{gsf gfpFdf lzj zQm]Zj/ u'7Lsf]nut g+= * df btf { ePsf ] sf7df8f } +dxfgu/kflnsf j8f g+= @@u ls=g+= !&* sf]If]qkmn !–!$–! / ls=g+= !&( sf] If]qkmn )–^–! hUufsf df]xL lktf cfzfd¿ dxh{gsf]

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@)$%.^.& df k/nf]s ePsf]n] d]/f] gfddfgfd;f/L u/L hUufwgL k|df0fk"hf{ kfpmF eGg]s[i0faxfb'/ dxh{gn] u'7L tx;Ln sfof{nosfndf]rg sf7df8f}+df lbPsf] lgj]bgaf6 sf/jfxLk|f/De ePsf] k|:t't d'2fdf bfjLsf] hUufx¿cfkm\gf] lghL u'7Lsf] xfnfBf] jf]y] kk'Otf v]t xf]eGg] k|ltjfbLx¿sf] bfjL lj/f]w ePsf] b]lvG5 .ljjf lbt hUufx¿ dfnkf ]t sfof {no,l8NnLahf/sf ] ldlt @)$*.!!.#) sf ]lg0f{ocg';f/ kbdfgGb ah|frfo{ ;d]t & hgfsf]gfpFdf /}s/ btf{ ePsf]df u'7L ;+:yfgsf] ldlt@)%!.%.#! sf] lg0f{ocg';f/ pQm hUufx¿sf]/}s/sf] nut s§f u/L lzj zQm]Zj/ u'7L sfodug]{ lg0f{o ePsf] /x]5 . u'7L ;+:yfgsf] lg0f{odflrQ ga'emfO{ k|ltjfbLx¿sf] k'g/fj]bg cbfntdfk'g/fj]bg k/]sf]df k'g/fj]bg cbfntn] z'? lg0f{o;b/ ug{] km};nf u/]sf]n] k|ltjfbLx¿sf] o;cbfntdf d'2f bf]xf]¥ofO{ kfpFm eGg] lgj]bg k/Llg:;f k|bfg eO{ lg0f{ofy{ o; Ohnf; ;dIfk]z x'g cfPsf] /x]5 .

#= ljjflbt hUufx¿ cfkm\gf] lghL u'7Lsf]kk'Otf v]t ePsf]n] /}s/sf] nut s§f ug{] u/Lu'7L ;+:yfgaf6 ePsf] lg0f{onfO{ ;b/ ug{] u/]sf]k'g/fj]bg cbfntsf] lg0f{o q'l6k"0f{ 5 eGg]k'g/fj]bsx¿sf] d'Vo k'g/fj]bg lhsL/ /x]sf]b]lvof] .

$= u'7L ;+:yfgsf] lg0f{onfO{ ;b/ ug{]u/]sf] k'g/fj]bg cbfntsf] km};nf ldn]sf] 55}g egL x]bf{ ljjflbt hUufsf] lkmN8j'sdfls;fgsf] Joxf]/fdf of] hUuf Wjsf axfn a:g]ef]6] zfSosf] xf] egL pNn]v ePsf] Joxf]/f /ldlt @)$*.!!.#) sf] dfnkf]t sfof{no,l8NnLahf/sf] lg0f{o adf]lhd k|fKt hUufwgLk|df0fk"hf{ afx]s hUufwgLsf] :jfldTjsf ;|f]tnfO{:yflkt ug{] k|df0fx¿ k|ltjfbLx¿af6 k]z ePsf]kfOb}g . pQm hUuf dfnkf]t sfof{nodf btf{sf]

nflu k]z x'Fbf df}hf dxf/fhu~hsf] kk'Otfu'7Lsf] /l;b k]z ePsf] b]lvP klg pQm /l;bdfplNnlvt hUuf ljjflbt hUuf xf] eGg] 7f];cfwf/ k|ltjfbLx¿af6 k]z ePsf] kfOb}g .

%= csf{]tkm{ pQm ls=g+= !&* / !&(sf] hUufsf] u'7L ;+:yfgdf /x]s]f ;fljs lzjzQm]Zj/ u'7L vnf g+= * v]t .@.!&.$ sf]btf{jfnf df]xL afa'nfn eO{ ldlt @)#(.(.@*df cfzfd¿sf gfddf gfd;f/L eO{ df]xLn]u'7Ldf lg/Gt/ afnL a'emfPsf] cfwf/df u'7L;+:yfgaf6 /}s/sf] nut s§f ug{] lg0f{o ePsf]b]lvG5 . ;f]sf] cltl/Qm dlGb/sf] lbjfndflzj zQm]Zj/ c+lst dlGb/sf] t:jL/ ;d]tldl;n ;fd]n /x]sf] b]lvof] . o;/L /fhu'7Lsf]nut sfod /xg'sf] ;fy} df]xLaf6 lg/Gt/afnL a'emL u'7L ;+:yfgsf] pQm hUufdf ef]usfod /x]sf ] kfOG5 . ljjflbt hUufdfk|ltjfbLx¿n] gt :jo+ ef]u u/]sf] b]lvG5 . gdf]xLaf6 afnL a'em\g] u/]sf] s'g} k|df0f k]z ug{;s]sf] kfOG5 . ljjflbt hUufx¿ k|ltjfbLx¿n]cfkm\gf] ef]udf 5 egL bfjL ;d]t ug{ ;s]sf]kfOb}g . df]xLn] tTsfnLg gfkLsf] cj:yfdfpQm hUuf ef]6] zfSosf] xf] egL n]vfPsf]ePklg xfn cfP/ pQm hUuf /fhu'7Lsf] xf]lghL u'7Lsf] xf]Og egL u'7L ;+:yfgnfO{ afnLa'emfO{ cfPsf] b]lvG5 .

^= ljjflbt hUufx¿sf] dfnkf]tsfof{noaf6 k|ltjfbLx¿n] hUufwgL btf{k|df0fk"hf{ k|fKt u/]sf] s'/fnfO{ ;d]t cfkm\gf]xssf] k|df0fsf] ¿kdf k|:t't u/]sf] ;DaGwdfljrf/ ubf{ pQm ljifodf u'7L ;+:yfgdfljrf/fwLg /xL k|ltjfbLx¿ tfl/vdf /x]sf]cj:yfdf dfnkf]t sfof{noaf6 k|ltjfbLx¿n]hUufwgL k|df0fk"hf{ k|fKt u/]sf] b]lvG5 . j:t'tMljjflbt hUufdf :jfldTjsf] bfjL ug{]n] xfn}k|fKt u/]sf] hUufwgL k|df0fk"hf{ k]z ug'{ dfq



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kof{Kt x'Fb}g . ;f] k|df0fk"hf{ j}wflgs ¿kdfk|fKt u/]sf] xf] eGgnfO{ ;f]sf] xssf] ;|f]tx¿af6ljjflbt hUuf dflysf] :jfldTjsf] clwsf/:yflkt ePsf] x'g'kb{5 . t/ pQm hUufx¿sf]hUufwgL k|df0fkqsf] xssf] ;|f]tsf] ¿kdflkmN8j'sdf ls;fgsf] Joxf]/fdf of] hUuf ef]6]zfSosf] xf] eGg] afx]s cGo s'g} 7f]; k|df0fb]lvb}g . hUufsf] :jfldTjsf] k|df0f:j¿khUufsf] nut, ef]u / lt/f] ;d]tsf k|df0fx¿sf]cefjdf lkmN8j'sdf ls;fgn] n]vfPsf] Joxf]/fn]dfq hUufsf] :jfldTjsf] l;h{gf x'g g;Sg]x'Fbf ljjflbt hUufx¿ k|ltjfbLx¿sf] :jfldTjsf]lghL u'7L hUuf /x]5 eGg ldNg] ePg . ctMk|ltjfbLx¿n] dfnkf]t sfof{noaf6 hUufwgLk|df0fk"hf{ k|fKt u/L ;s]sf] ePklg ;f]k|df0fk"hf{nfO{ sfg"gtM dfGotf lbg ldNg ;Sg]b]lvPg . u'7L ;+:yfgdf ePsf] nut tyfhUufsf] ef]u ;d]tsf k|df0fx¿sf] cfwf/dfljjflbt hUuf lghL u'7Lsf] lzj zQm]Zj/u'7Lsf] geO{ kk'Otf v]t xf] eGg] k|ltjfbLx¿sf]lhsL/ k|df0fx¿af6 k'li6 ePsf] b]lvg cfPg .

&= k|ltjfbLx¿sf] k'g/fj]bg kqdf tyflghx¿sf] tkm{af6 pkl:yt ljåfg clwjQmfx¿n]ax;sf] qmddf u'7L ;+:yfg P]g, @)## sf] bkmf#( sf] :j]R5frf/L k|of]u u/L /}s/ hUufsf]nut s§f ug{] lg0f{o u/]sf] q'l6k"0f{ 5 egLsfg"gL k|Zg ;d]t p7fpg' ePsf] kfOG5 . ;f];DaGwdf ljrf/ ubf{ u'7L ;+:yfg P]g, @)## sf]bkmf˜ #( sf] k"0f{kf7 b]xfo cg';f/ 5M

#(= u'7L 3/ jf hUuf ;fljs adf]lhdbtf{ x'g]M -!_ u'7L t}gfyL hUuf u'7Lclwg:y hUufdf u'7L clwg:y hUufu'7L /}tfg gDa/L hUufdf jf u'7Lsf]3/ jf hUuf /}s/df btf{ ePsf]k|dfl0ft x'g cfPdf k|zf;ssf] sfd

ug{] k|zf;sLo k|d'vn] To:tf] u'7Lsf]3/ jf hUuf ;fljssf] u'7L t}gfyLhUuf, u'7L clwg:y hUuf jf u'7L/}tfg gDa/Ldf g} btf{ ug{ ;Sg]5 .To;/L btf{ eO;s]kl5 ;f] 3/ jfhUufsf] klxn] btf{ ePsf] nuts§f x'g]5 .

-@_ pkbkmf -!_ adf ] lhdk|zf;sn] jf k|zf;ssf] sfdug{] k|zf;sLo k|d'vn] u/]sf]lg0f{odf lrQ ga'em\g] JolQmn];f] lg0f{opk/ k}tL; lbgleqk 'g/fj ]bg cbfntdfk'g/fj]bg lbg ;Sg]5 .

*= pk/f]Qm sfg"gL Joj:yfn] u'7Lsf]hUuf sf/0fj; x}l;ot kl/jt{g eO{ /}s/dfbtf{ ePsf] /x]5 eg] u'7L ;+:yfgsf] k|zf;sn]hUufsf] x}l;ot kl/jt{g eO{ btf{ x'g uPsf]k|dfl0ft x'g cfPdf ;fljscg';f/ g} hUufbtf{ ug{ ;Sg] / unt ¿kdf btf{ ePsf]nut s§f ug{] clwsf/ k|bfg u/]sf] kfOG5 .of] u'7Lsf] k|zf;g, ;+/If0f / lgodg ug{]u'7L ;+:yfgnfO{ P]gåf/f k|bQ dxTjk"0f {clwsf/ xf] . u'7Lsf] 3/ hUufnufotsf];DklQsf] lg/Gt/ / ;bfjt{ :j¿ksf] ;+/If0fug' { /fHosf] st{Jo ePsf]n] ;f ] p2]Zokl/k"lt{sf nflu u'7L ;+:yfg P]g, @)## ljz]ifP]gsf] ¿kdf cfPsf] b]lvG5 . ;f] P]gn] k|i6¿kdf u'7Lsf k|zf;snfO{ u'7Lsf] ;DklQsf];+/If0ffy{ pQm clwsf/ k|bfg u/]sf] kfOG5 .s'g} P]g ;+ljwfg;Fu aflemPsf] 7x/ eO{ ab/ePsf] jf sfg"gsf dfGo l;4fGtljk/Lt eO{nfu" ug{ g;lsg] ePsf] cj:yfdf afx]sljwflosfn] agfPsf] sfg"gnfO{ cbfntn]

237237237237237

sfof{Gjog ug'{kg{] x'G5 . k|:t't P]g cg';f/pQm clwsf/sf] k|of]u ubf{ u'7Lsf] nut,ef]u, lt/f];d]tsf nut ;|]:tfx¿sf] d"NofÍgu/L hUufsf] x}l;ot km/s k/]sf] k|dfl0ftx'g cfPdf dfq u'7L ;+:yfgsf] k|zf;s jfk|zf;ssf] sfd ug{] JolQmn] pQm clwsf/k|of]u ug{ kfpg] x'G5 . k|zf;ssf] lg0f{odflrQ ga'em\g] JolQmnfO{ k'g/fj]bg ug{] xsklg sfg"gn] ;'/lIft u/]sf] kfOG5 . u'7L;+:yfgsf] k|zf;snfO{ k|bfg ePsf] of] Goflosclwsf/ ePsf]n] Goflos clwsf/ cfTdut¿kdf / :j]R5frf/L ¿kdf k|of]u x'g ;Sb}g .of] clwsf/sf] k|of]u ubf{ ;b}j k|rlnt sfg"gtyf j:t'ut k|df0fx¿sf] lgikIf d"NofÍgu/L Goflos dgsf] k|of]u u/L lg0f{o ug'{kg{]x 'G5 . ldl;n ;+nUg k|df0fx¿af6 u'7L; +:yfgn ] u/ ]sf ] lg0f {odf sfg "g tyfk|df0fx¿sf] d"NofÍg u/L Goflos dg nufO{lg0f{o ePsf] b]lvPdf o; cbfntaf6 u'7L;+:yfgsf k|zf;sn] lg0f{o u/]sf] cfwf/n]dfq :j]R5frf/L eGg ldNb}g .

(= k|:t't d'2fsf] ;Gbe{df x]bf{ u'7Lk|zf;sn] u/]sf] lg0f{odf jfbL s[i0f dxh{g tyfoL k|ltjfbLx¿n] k]z u/]sf] k|df0fx¿sf] d"NofÍgu/L hUufsf] nut, ef]u / lt/f] ;d]tsf dflyplNnlvt k|df0fx¿sf] cfwf/df u'7L k|zf;saf6lg0f{o ePsf] b]lvPsf]]n] u'7L k|zf;saf6 lg0f{oePs} sf/0fn] dfq u'7L ;+:yfgsf] pQm lg0f{onfO{:j]R5frf/L lg0f{o eGg ldNg] ePg .

!)= u'7L ;+:yfgsf] k|zf;saf6 u'7L;+:yfg P]g, @)## sf] bkmf #( k|of]u u/LePsf] sltko lg0f{onfO{ o; cbfntaf6 o;cl3 ;b/ x'g] 7x/fO{ km};nf ePsf] kfOG5 .o; ;jf{]Rr cbfntsf] k"0f{ Ohnf;af6 l6sf/fdkf7s lj?4 uf]/If l;2frn d[u:ynL d7 ;d]tePsf] /}s/ btf{ ab/ sfod d'2fdf -g]sfk

@)^^, lg=g+= *@#*_ df æu'7L hUufnfO{ h'g;'s}t/xn] hf];'s}n] /}s/df btf{ u/fPsf] ePklgu'7L k|zf;sn] h'g;'s} ;dodf klg ab/ u/Lu'7L sfod ug{ ;Sg] u/L u'7L hUufsf] df}lns:j¿k jf k|s[lt slxNo} klg kl/jt{g x'gg;Sg] / ;b}j sfod /xg] ljz]ifflwsf/ k|bfgu/]sf] cj:yfdf gfkL btf{pk/ u'7L ;+:yfgn]ph"/L gu/]sf] sf/0faf6 ;gftg b]lv rnLcfPsf] uf]/vgfysf] u'7L wd{nf]k x'g ;Sg]l:ylt b]lvb}gÆ eGg] ;d]t JofVof eO{ /x]sf]5 .

!!= t;y{ ljj]lrt nut ef]u;d]tsfk|df0fx¿ / sfg"g Pj+ k|ltkflbt l;4fGt ;d]tsf]cfwf/df ljjflbt ls=g+= !&* / !&( sf] hUuflzjzQm]Zj/ /fhu'7Lsf] hUuf b]lvPsf] / ;f];DaGwdf u'7L ;+:yfgsf k|zf;saf6 ePsf]lg0f{o tYo, k|df0f, sfg"g / k|ltkflbt l;4fGtcg';f/ eO{ ldn]s} b]lvFbf pQm lg0f{onfO{ ;b/ug{] u/]sf] k'g/fj]bg cbfnt kf6gsf] ldlt@)^).!@.!) sf] km};nf ldn]s} b]lvFbf ;b/ x'g]7x5{ . k|ltjfbLx¿sf] k'g/fj]bg lhsL/ k'Ug;Sb}g . k|:t't d'2fdf d'2f bf]xf]¥ofpg] lg:;fk|bfg ubf{ JoQm ePsf] /fo;Fu ;xdt x'g;lsPg . bfo/Lsf] nut s§f u/L lgodfg';f/ldl;n a'emfO{ lbg" .

pQm /fodf ;xdt 5' .

Gof=bfdf]b/k|;fb zdf{

Olt ;+jt\ @)^( kmfu'g @* ut] /f]h @ z'ed\ ==Ohnf; clws[tM sdnk|;fb kf]v/]n

&&&&&



238238238238238

lg0f{o g+=*(^# lg0f{o g+=*(^# lg0f{o g+=*(^# lg0f{o g+=*(^# lg0f{o g+=*(^#

;jf{]Rr cbfnt, ;+o'Qm Ohnf;dfggLo GofofwLz >L bfdf]b/k|;fb zdf{dfggLo GofofwLz >L sdngf/fo0f bf;

)^&–CI–!!&^km};nf ldltM @)^(.%.!(.#

d'2fM lg0f{o ab/ .

k'g/fj]bs k|ltjfbLM lhNnf emfkf, vh'/uf5Luf=lj=;= j8f g+= & a:g] a'wnfn ofbj

lj?4k|ToyL{ jfbLM lhNnf emfkf, vh'/uf5L uf=lj=;=

j8f g+= & a:g] nIdL ofbjsf] d'=;= ug{];f]efb]jL ofbj

z'? km};nf ug{]Me"=;'=c=>L dw';'wg kf]v/]n

k'g/fj]bg km};nf ug{]Mdf=Gof= >L Clif/fh ld>df=Gof= >L k'?iff]Qd e08f/L

§ ;uf]nsf Ps} 3/ kl/jf/sf] gfddf /x]sf]hUufdf ;uf]ns} csf{] s'g} Ps ;b:odf]xLsf] x}l;otdf /xg g;Sg] eGg] P]gsf]dg;fo /x]sf] b]lvG5 . t/ 3/ kl/jf/aflx/sf] cGo s'g} hUufwgLsf] gfddf/x]sf] hUufdf Ps} 3/ kl/jf/sf] s'g}Ps ;b:o ;fljsb]lv df]xL sfod /xLcfPsf]df kl5af6 ;f] hUuf df]xLsf] 3/kl/jf/sf] csf{] s'g} ;b:on] v/Lb u/LlnO{ hUufwgL aGg uPsf] cj:yfdfdf]xL;Fu xfnjfnf hUufwgLsf] gftf k/]sf]

sf/0f b]vfO{ ;fljsb]lvsf] df]xLnfO{cf3ft kg{] u/L df]xL lgisfzgsf] bfjLlng gkfpg] .

§ 5'l§leGg eO{ a;]sf] bfh' / efO{ s'g}hUufsf] hUufwgL / df]xL x'g g;Sg]eGg] gb]lvPsf] cj:yfdf 3/sf] bfh'n]s]jn kl5af6 v/Lb u/L lnPs} cfwf/df;fljsb]lv df]xL sfod /x]sf JolQmsf]df]xL xs ;dfKt x'G5 eGg' ljj]s;Ddt/ Gofo;Ddt gx'g] .

-k|s/0f g+=%_

k'g/fj]bs k|ltjfbL tkm{af6M ljåfg jl/i7clwjQmf xl/x/ bfxfn

ljkIfL tkm{af6McjnlDat ghL/M;Da4 sfg"gM § e"ld ;DaGwL P]g, @)@! sf] bkmf @, @-v_

km};nfGof=bfdf]b/k|;fb zdf{M Gofo k|zf;g P]g,

@)$* sf] bkmf !@ -!_ adf]lhd bf]xf]¥ofO{ x]g{]lg:;f k|bfg eO{ k'g/fj]bg kqsf] ¿kdf bfo/x'g cfPsf] k|:t't d'2fsf] ;+lIfKt tYo / 7x/o; k|sf/ /x]]sf] 5M–

ljkIfL a'wnfn ofbj hUufwgL x'g'k"j{g} d]/f] df]xL xs :yflkt ePsf] / ;fn;fn}afnL a'emfpFb} cfO{ 3/ a;f]jf;;d]t ePsf]vh'/uf5L & sf] ls=g+= ## sf] h=lj= )–$–!%hUuf ljkIfLn] hUuf v/Lb u/L lnPkl5e"ld;DaGwL P]g, @)@! sf] bkmf @-u_ cg';f/sf]Psf3/ kl/jf/leqsf] JolQm dfgL d]/f] df]xL xss§f u/L lbPsf x'Fbf pQm lg0f{o ab/ ul/kfpFmeGg] ;d]t Joxf]/fsf] lkm/fb bfjL .

ljkIfL d]/f efO{ gftfsf dflg; x'g\ .lghsf] 3/ a;f]jf; gePsf] x'Fbf d}n] 3/;Dd

239239239239239

agfpg lbO{ af; a:g lbPsf] xf] . lghsf] hUufdfhf]t ef]u klg 5}g / lghsf] df]xL xs klgsfod gePsf] hUufsf] df]xL nut s§f ePsf]lg0f{o ab/ ug'{kg{] xf]Og eGg] k|To'Q/ lhsL/ .

vh'/uf5L & sf] ls=g+= ## sf] h=lj=)–$–!% sf] df]xL nIdL ofbj x'g\ . pQm hUufdfdf]xLsf] 3/ a;f]jf; 5 . t/ ;Dk"0f{ hUufdfdf]xLsf] hf]tef]u 5}g eGg] ;d]t Joxf]/fsf] ;h{dLgd'r'Nsf .

o;df jfbLsf] df]xL xs sfod ePsf]vh'/uf5L & sf] ls=g+= ## sf] h=lj= )–$–!%sf] df]xL xs ;'/lIft x'Fbf df]xL s§f ePsf]nutnfO{ k'gM sfod /fvL ;|]:tfdf nut sfodu/L lbg dfnkf]t sfof{no bdsnfO{ n]vL k7fO{lbg' eGg] e"ld;'wf/ sfof{no, emfkfsf] ldlt@)^#.!).!& sf] km};nf .

df ]xLn] e/]sf ] ! g+= kmf F6jf/Lsf ]nutcg';f/ xfdL bfh'efO df]xLsf] kl/efiffleqkg{] JolQm xf]Ogf}+ . ;f] s'/f e"ld ;DaGwL P]g,@)@! sf] bkmf @v sf] kl/efiffaf6 :ki6 x'g'sf;fy} cfkm"n] u/]sf] lg0f{o cfkm}+ ab/ ug{ kfOg]klg xf]Og . a'em\g' kg{] k|df0f a'em\b} ga'emL u/]sf]sfg"gL q'l6k"0f{ lg0f{o pN6fO{ ab/ u/L Gofok"0f{OG;fkm ul/kfpFm eGg] ;d]t Joxf]/fsf] k|ltjfbLsf]k'g/fj]bg kq .

d'n'sL P]g, c=j+= *^ g+= sf] JofVofTdsk|Zg ljBdfg b]lvFbf z'?sf] km};nf km/s kg{;Sg] eO{ ljrf/0fLo b]lvFbf 5nkmnsf nfluk|ToyL{ jfbLnfO{ lemsfO{ lgodfg';f/ k]z ug'{ .;fy} emfkf lhNnf cbfntdf d'ntjLdf /x]sf]elgPsf] hfn;fh d'2fsf] ldl;n ;d]t lemsfpg'eGg] k'g/fj]bg cbfntsf] ldlt @)^$.!).@!sf] cfb]z .

k|ToyL{ jfbL ljjflbt ls=g+= ## sf]hUufsf] jf:tljs sfg"gL df]xL ePs]fdf

sfg"gadf]lhd lghsf] df]xL xs :yflkt x'g] u/LePsf] e"ld;'wf/ sfof{no emfkfsf] @)^#.!).!&sf] lg0f{o sfg"g;+ut eO{ ldn]s} b]lvFbf ;f] ;b/x'g] 7x5{ eGg] ;d]t k'g/fj]bg cbfnt Onfdsf]km};nf .

ljkIfL jfbLn] dpk/ emfkf lhNnfcbfntdf ldlt @)%(.@.( ut] e"ld;'wf/sfof{no emfkfaf6 ePsf] df]xL nut s§f x'g]lg0f{o hfn;fhL 3f]lift ul/kfpFm egL bfo/u/]sf] d'2fdf lgh ljkIfL jfbLn] tfl/v u'hf/Ll8;ld; km};nf ePsf] ;d]tsf tYoaf6 ljkIfLjfbL d]/f] hUufsf] df]xL x'g] jf sfod /xg]Go"gtd\ cfwf/ ljBdfg gePsf] cj:yfdfk'g/fj]bg cbfnt Onfdaf6 df]xL nut oyfjt\sfod /fVg] u/L tYo / k|df0fsf] ljj]rgf gu/LePsf] km};nf q'l6k"0f{ x'Fbf ab/ u/L Gofo kfpFmeGg] ;d]t k'g/fj]bs k|ltjfbL kIfsf] k'g/fj]bgkq .

o;df ;fljs hUufwgLaf6 /fhLgfdfåf/fxs k|fKt u/]sf] xfnsf] hUufwgL k'g/fj]bsk|ltjfbL / oL jfbL ;f]xL ls=g+= ## sf] df]xLePsf] tyf oL b'j} bfh'efO{ b]lvPsf] cj:yfdfe"ld ;DaGwL P]g, @)@! sf] bkmf @ sf] v08 -v_ n] df]xL eGgfn] c? hUufjfnfsf] hUuf s'g}zt{df sdfPsf] JolQm eg]sf]df k|:t't d'2fdfpQm bkmf @-v_ sf] JofVofTds q'l6 u/L k'g/fj]bgcbfntaf6 km};nf ePsf] b]lvFbf Gofo k|zf;gP]g, @)$* sf] bkmf !@-!_-s_ cg';f/ bf]xf]¥ofO{x]g{] lg:;f k|bfg ul/Psf] 5 . ljkIfL lemsfO{k]z ug'{ eGg] o; cbfntsf] ldlt @)^&.@.@!sf] cfb]z .

lgodadf]lhd b}lgs k]zL ;"rLdf r9Llg0f{ofy{ k]z x'g cfPsf] k|:t't d'2fdf k'g/fj]bsk|ltjfbL tkm{af6 pkl:yt ljåfg jl/i7 clwjQmf>L xl/x/ bfxfnn] ljjflbt ls=g+= ## sf] hUufsf]

*(^# –*(^# –*(^# –*(^# –*(^# – a'wnfn ofbj lj=d'=;=ug]{ ;f]efb]jL ofbj


240240240240240

df]xLn] e/]sf] e'=;'= kmf/fd ! g+= nutdfPsf;uf]nsf ;b:ox¿sf] ljj/0fdf ljkIfL jfbLsf]gfd pNn]v u/L k'g/fj]bssf] gfd ;d]t pNn]vePsf] 5 . o;af6 k|ToyL{ jfbL nIdL ofbj /k'g/fj]bs a'wnfn ofbj Psf;uf]ndf /x]sf]k|i6 5 . k'g/fj]bsn] ;fljs hUufjfnf l;i6Lofbjsf] 5f ]/f /fds[i0f ofbjaf6 ldlt@)$%.!!.!) df ljjflbt hUuf v/Lb u/L lnPsfx'g\ . o;/L df]xL x'F eGg] k|ToyL{ jfbL nIdLofbj / k'g/fj]bs k|ltjfbL a'wnfn ofbjPsf;uf]nsf bfh'efO eO{ lghx¿ aLr c+za08f;d]t gePsf] cj:yfdf Psf3/ ;uf]nsf] JolQmsf]xL df]xL / sf]xL hUufwgL x'g g;Sg] cj:yfdfe"ld ;DawL P]g, @)@! sf] bkmf @ sf] v08 -v_sf] q'l6 u/L df]xL sfod u/]sf] e"ld;'wf/ sfof{noemfkfsf] lg0f{o / ;f] ;b/ ug{] u/]sf] k'g/fj]bgcbfnt Onfdsf] km};nf pN6L u/L Gofo lg?k0fx''gkb{5 eGg] ;d]t ax; ug'{eof] .

k'g/fj]bg kq;lxtsf] ldl;n cWoogu/L k'g/fj]bs k|ltjfbLtkm{sf ljåfg jl/i7clwjQmfn] ug'{ ePsf] jx; lhsL/ ;d]t ;'gLk'g/fj]bg cbfnt Onfdaf6 ePsf] km};nfldn]sf] 5, 5}g < k'g/fj]bs k|ltjfbLsf] k'g/fj]bglhsL/ k'Ug] xf] xf]Og < ;f];DaGwdf lg0f{o lbg'kg{]b]lvof] .

@= lg0f{otkm{ ljrf/ ubf{ o;df d]/f]df]xL :yflkt ePsf] hUufdf ;fn;fn} afnLa'emfpFb} cfPsf] / ;f] hUufdf cfkm\gf] 3/jf;;d]t ePsf] ls=g+= ## sf] hUuf ljkIfLn] v/Lbu/]kl5 df]xL Psf3/ leqsf] egL e"ld ;DaGwLP]g, @)@! sf] bkmf @ sf] kl/efiffleq kf/L d]/f]df]xL nut s§f x'g] u/L e"ld;'wf/ sfof{no,emfkfn] lg0f{o u/]sf] x'Fbf ;f] ab/ ul/kfpFm eGg]jfbL bfjL /x]sf]df jfbL Psf3/sf] efO{ ePsf]n]3/ agfO{ j:g;Dd lbPsf] xf] . lghn] hUuf

hf]tef]u gu/]sf] / df]xL xs klg sfod gePsf]n]df]xL nut s§f ug{] u/L ePsf] lg0f{o ab/ u/L/xg' kg]{ xf]Og eGg] k|To'Q/ lhsL/ ePsf]df z'?e"ld;'wf/ sfof{no, emfkfn] ljjflbt hUufsf]jfbLsf gfdsf] df]xL nut s§f ug{] u/L ePsf];f]xL sfof{nosf] ldlt @)%(.@.( sf] k"j{ lg0f{oab/ u/L jfbLsf] gfdsf] df]xL nut k'gM sfodug{] u/L km};nf u/]sf]df ;f] pk/ lrQ ga'emfO{k'g/fj]bg u/]sf]df z'? km};nf ;b/ sfod x'g]7x/L k'g/fj]bg cbfnt, Onfdaf6 km};nf ePsf]kfOG5 . k'g/fj]bg cbfntaf6 ePsf] km};nfpk/lrQ ga'emfO{ k|:t't d'2f bf]xf]¥ofO{ x]l/kfpFm egLk'g/fj]bs k|ltjfbLsf] lgj]bg k/]sf]df bf]xf]¥ofO{x]g{] lg:;f k|bfg eO{ k'g/fj]bgsf] ¿kdf bfo/eO{ cfh lg0f{ofy{ k]z ePsf] kfOof] .

#= lhNnf emfkf vh'/uf5L j8f g+= &sf] ls=g+= ## sf] h=lj= )–$–!% ljjflbthUufsf] ;fljs hUufjfnf l;:6L ofbj hlgO{s}lkmot dxndf oL k|ToyL{ jfbL nIdL ofbjsf]hf]t hlgPsf] ldl;naf6 b]lvG5 . ;fljsb]lvg} pQm hUufsf] df]xL e"ld ;DaGwL P]g, @)@!cg';f/ k|ToyL{ jfbL nIdL ofbj sfod ePsf]b]lvG5 . ljjflbt hUufsf] ;fljs df]xL nIdLofbj ePsf] s'/fnfO{ k'g/fj]bs k|ltjfbLn]klg c:jLsf/ u/]sf] b]lvFb}g . k'g/fj]bsk|ltjfbL a'wnfn ofbjn] ;fljs hUufjfnfl;:6L ofbjsf] 5f]/f /fds[i0f ofbjaf6 /=g+=@*^( ldlt @)$%.!!.!) df xs 6'6fO{/fhLgfdfaf6 xs k|fKt u/]kl5 dfq lghljjflbt hUufsf] hUufwgL ePsf] kfOG5 .tt\kZrft\ lghn] @)%( ;fn h]i7 dlxgfdfoL k|ToyL{ jfbL df]xL nIdL ofbjsf] gfddf]xL nutaf6 s§f ul/kfpFm egL e"ld;'wf/sfof {nodf lgj]bg lbPsf ]df e"ld;'wf/sfof{no, emfkfaf6 df]xLnfO{ a'em\b} ga'emL

241241241241241

k|fs[lts Gofosf] l;4fGtljk/Lt df]xLnfO{k|ltjfb ug{] df}sf ;d]t glbO{ df]xL nuts§f x'g] lg0f{o ePsf] b]lvG5 .

$= cfkm" df]xL xsaf6 jl~rt x'g]u/L ePsf] lg0f{o cfkm"nfO{ yfxf g} geO{cfkm" pQm hUufdf xn uf]? lnO{ hf]tvg ug{nfu]sf] cj:yfdf PsfPs k'g/fj]bs k|ltjfbLn]cj pk|fGt pQm hUufsf] df]xL ltdL xf]Ogf} .cj ghf]t, cjb]lv pQm hUufdf /x]sf]3/;d]t eTsfO{ lbG5' egL df]xL xsdf bvnlbPkl5 s] ePsf] /x]5 egL e"ld;'wf/sfof{nodf uO{ a'em\bf @)%(.@.( df df]xLnut s§f x'g] u/L ePsf] lg0f{o yfxf kfPsf]egL sfg"gadf]lhd e"ld;DaGwL P]g nfu"ePb]lv g} df]xL xs sfod ePsf] / xfnsfhUufwgL / d df]xL bfh'efO{ eP tfklg xfncnu–cnu /x]sf] ;d]tsf sf/0faf6 df]xLxs ;dfKt x'g] xf]Og egL pQm ldlt @)%(.@.(sf] e"ld;'wf/ sfof{nosf] lg0f{o ab/ ul/kfpmFegL oL k|ToyL{ jfbLn] e"ld;'wf/ sfof{noemfkfdf lgj]bg u/]sf] b]lvG5 . lgh k|ToyL{jfbL nIdL ofbj ljjflbt ls=g+= ## sf]hUufsf] ;fljsb]lv g} df]xL eO{ e"ld ;DaGwLP]g nfu" x'Fbfsf] cj:yfb]lv g} df]xL /x]sf]b]lvg'sf ;fy} sfg"gadf]lhd :yflkt oL k|ToyL{df]xL nIdL ofbjn] df]xLsf] x}l;otaf6 kfngug'{kg{] sfg"gL bfloTj k"/f gu/]sf], hUufsf]pAhgL 36\g] u/L hUuf ljuf/]sf] jf s'tga'emfPsf] eGg] ;d]tsf] lhsL/ hUufwgLn]lnO{ sfg"gadf]lhd df]xLaf6 x6fPsf] cj:yfb]lvb}g . k|ToyL{ jfbL df]xLsf bfh' xfnsfhUufwgL oL k'g/fj]bs k|ltjfbL a'wnfn /df]xL nIdL ofbj Psf3/ ;uf]nsf geO{5'l§leGg eO{ cnu–cnu 3/åf/ Jojxf/ u/La;]sf] eGg] k|ToyL{ jfbLsf] egfO{ /x]sf]df oL

k'g/fj]bs k|ltjfbLn] cGoyf eGg g;sL df]xLnIdL ofbj 5'l§leGg eO{ ;f]xL ljjflbt ls=g+=## sf] hUufdf 3/ agfO{ a;]sf] s'/fnfO{ oLk'g/fj]bs k|ltjfbLn] klg :jLsf/ u/]sf]cj:yf b]lvG5 .

%= e"ld;DaGwL P]g, @)@! sf] bkmf@-v_ df df]xL eGgfn] c? hUufjfnfsf] hUufs'g} zt{df sdfpg kfO{ ;f] hUufdf cfkm\gf]jf cfkm\gf] kl/jf/sf] >dn] v]tL ug{] ls;fg;Demg' k5{ eGg] pNn]v ePsf] kfOG5 .plNnlvt sfg"gL Joj:yfcg';f/ ;uf]nsf Ps}3/ kl/jf/sf] gfddf /x]sf] hUufdf ;uf]ns}csf{] s'g} Ps ;b:o df]xLsf] x}l;otdf /xgg;Sg] eGg] P]gsf] dg;fo /x]sf] b]lvG5 . t/3/ kl/jf/ aflx/sf] cGo s'g} hUufwgLsf]gfddf /x]sf] hUufdf Ps} 3/ kl/jf/sf] s'g}Ps ;b:o ;fljsb]lv df]xL sfod /xLcfPsf]df kl5af6 ;f] hUuf df]xLsf] 3/kl/jf/sf] csf{] s'g} ;b:on] v/Lb u/L lnO{hUufwgL aGg uPsf] cj:yfdf df]xL;Fuxfnjfnf hUufwgLsf] gftf k/]sf] sf/0f b]vfO{;fljsb]lvsf] df]xLnfO{ cf3ft kg{] u/L df]xLlgisfzgsf] bfjL lng kfpg] plNnlvt P]gsf]dg;fo /x]sf] b]lvb}g . ;fy} 5'l§leGg eO{a;]sf] bfh' / efO{ s'g} hUufsf] hUufwgL /df]xL x'g g;Sg] eGg] klg b]lvb}g . ljjflbtls=g+= ## sf] hUuf oL k'g/fj]bs k|ltjfbL3/sf] bfh'n] s]jn kl5af6 v/Lb u/L lnPs}cfwf/df ;fljsb]lv df]xL sfod /x]sf k|ToyL{jfbLsf] df]xL xs ;dfKt x'G5 eGg' ljj]s;Ddt/ Gofo;Ddt gx'g] ePsf]n] k|:t't d'2fbf]xf]¥ofO{ x]g{] lg:;f k|bfg ug{] u/L ePsf] o;cbfntsf] ldlt @)^&.@.@! sf] cfb]z tyfz'? tyf k'g/fj]bg cbfntsf] km};nf pN6Lx'g' kb{5 eGg] k'g/fj]bs k|ltjfbL tkm{sf

*(^# –*(^# –*(^# –*(^# –*(^# – a'wnfn ofbj lj=d'=;=ug]{ ;f]efb]jL ofbj


242242242242242

jl/i7 ljåfg clwjQmfsf] jx; lhsL/;Fu;xdt x'g ;lsPg .

^= ctM plNnlvt tYo / sfg"gLJoj:yfsf] ljj]rgf;d]taf6 oL k'g/fj]bsk|ltjfbL / k|ToyL{ jfbL bfh'efO eGg] b]lvPtfklgljjflbt ls=g+= ## sf] hUuf oL k'g/fj]bsk|ltjfbLn] ldlt @)$%.!!.!) df v/Lb u/Llng'k"j{ g} oL k|ToyL{ jfbL nIdL ofbj e"ld;DaGwL P]g, @)@! sf] sfg"gL Joj:yfadf]lhddf]xL sfod eO{ /x]sf] eGg] b]lvPsf] / k|ToyL{jfbLn] ljjflbt hUufdf df]xLsf] x}l;otn] k"/fug'{kg{] bfloTj k"/f gu/]sf] eGg] lhsL/ k'g/fj]bsk|ltjfbLn] lng g;s]sf] cj:yfdf s]jn 3/sf]bfh'n] kl5af6 hUuf v/Lb u/L lnPs} cfwf/dfcufj}b]lv ljjflbt hUufdf sfg"gcg'¿k sfod/x]sf df]xL k|ToyL{ jfbLsf] df]xL xs ;dfKt x'gg;Sg] ePsf]n] z'? e"ld;'wf/ sfof{no emfkfn]plNnlvt ls=g+= ## sf] hUufaf6 df]xL lgisfzgug{] u/L ePsf] ;f]xL sfof{nosf] ldlt @)%(.@.(sf] k"j{ lg0f{o ab/ u/L ljjflbt hUufsf] k|ToyL{jfbLsf gfdsf] df]xL xs oyfjt sfod /fVg]u/]sf] ldlt @)^#.!).!& sf] lg0f{o ;b/ ug{]u/]sf] k'g/fj]bg cbfnt, Onfdsf] km};nf ldn]s}b]lvFbf ;f] ;b/ x'g] 7x5{ . bfo/Lsf] nut s§fu/L lgodfg';f/ ldl;n a'emfO{ lbg" .


Gof=sdngf/fo0f bf;

Olt ;+jt\ @)^( ebf} !( ut] /f]h # z'ed\ =Ohnf; clws[tM /fdk|;fb zdf{

lg0f{o g+=*(^$ lg0f{o g+=*(^$ lg0f{o g+=*(^$ lg0f{o g+=*(^$ lg0f{o g+=*(^$

;jf]{Rr cbfnt, ;+o'Qm Ohnf;dfggLo GofofwLz >L bfdf]b/k|;fb zdf{dfggLo GofofwLz >L sdngf/fo0f bf;

@)^^–CI–)^&% / @)^&–CI–!@()km};nf ldltM @)^(.*.!@.#

d'2fM c+z btf{ .

k'g/fjb]s k|ltjfbLM lhNnf k;f{, uf=lj=;= hLtk'/,j8f g+= # a:g] clDasf dxtf]sf] 5f]/f/fh]Zj/ dxtf]

lj?4k|ToyL{ jfbLM lhNnf k;f{, hLtk'/ uf=lj=;=,

j8f g+=# a:g] :j=clDasf dxtf] yf¿sf]>LdtL slnofb]jL y?gL

k'g/fj]bs k|ltjfbLM lhNnf k;f{, hLtk'/ uf=lj=;=,j8f g+=# a:g] a|Xdk|;fb dxtf]sf] >LdtLkfj{tLb]jL y?gL ;d]t

lj?4k|ToyL{ jfbLM lhNnf k;f{, hLtk'/ uf=lj=;=,

j8f g+= # a:g] :j=clDasf dxtf] yf¿sf]>LdtL slnofb]jL y?gL

z'? km};nf ug]{Mdf=Gof=>L tLy{/fh b]jsf]6f

k'g/fj]bg km};nf ug]{Mdf=Gof=>L gGb/fh clwsf/Ldf=Gof=>L uf}/Laxfb'/ sfsL{

§ ;dfg c+lzof/aLr s'g} Pp6} dfkb08sf]cfwf/df a/fa/ c+za08f ug' {kg] {afWofTds sfg"gL Joj:yf geO{&&&&&

243243243243243

Psfk;df g/du/d ldnfO{ c;nsd;n 36a9L u/L Jofjxfl/s ¿kdfldnfO{ c+za08f ug{ ;Sg] g} b]lv+bfbf];|f] k':tfsf c+lzof/x¿aLr hUuf36La9L ePsf] eGg] sf/0fn] dfq/Ltk"j{ssf] c+za08f ePsf] 5}g eGgldNg] cj:yfsf] ljBdfgtf gb]lvg] .

-k|s/0f g+=^_§ d'2fsf kIfx¿sf] aLr ;do–;dodf

ePsf ljleGg 36gfqmdaf6 g} cnu–cnu Jojxf/ ePsf] tYo :yflkt x'g]x'Fbf To;/L cnu–cnu Jojxf/ tyfsf/f]jf/ ePsf] b]lvg' g} c+za08f ePsf]s'/fdf cbfnt ljZj:y x'g] cfwf/ x'g] .

-k|s/0f g+=*_§ cfˆgf xfFufsf cGo bfh'efOx¿af6 c+z

kfpg' kg]{ eP To:tf] bfjL lnO{ ;a"bk|df0f;lxt c+zdf bfjL lng ;Sg] /c+z gkfPsf] eP cf–cfˆgf] xfFuf /k':tfsf c+lzof/fx¿af6 sfg"gadf]lhdc+za08f u/L kfpg] .

§ bf];|f] k':tfx¿aLr g} c+za08f gePsf]n];f] k':tf tyf lghx¿sf] xfFufsfc+lzof/fx¿ ;d]taf6 c+z kfpFm egLlnPsf] c+ztkm{sf] jfbL bfjL k'Ug g;Sg] .

-k|s/0f g+=!!_

k'g/fj]bs k|ltjfbL tkm{af6M ljåfg jl/i7clwjQmf xl/x/ bfxfn tyf ljåfgclwjQmfx¿ zflns/fd kf08], n]vgfyGof}kfg] / gGbk|;fb clwsf/L

k|ToyL{ tkm{af6M ljåfg jl/i7 clwjQmfdxfb ]jk |;fb ofbj tyf ljåfgclwjQmfx¿ s[i0fk|;fb ;fksf]6f, sf}znlszf]/ ;fx, ltnk|;fb uf}td, ls;'gb]jk|;fb sf]O/L / /fhLj cfrfo{

cjnlDat ghL/M§ g]sfk @)^^, lg=g+= &@@&,

;Da4 sfg"gM§ d'n'sL P]g c+za08fsf] #) g+=

km};nfGof=bfdf]b/k|;fb zdf{M Gofo k|zf;g P]g,

@)$* sf] bkmf !@-!_-s_-v_ cGt{ut o;cbfntaf6 d'2f bf]xf]¥ofpg] lg:;f k|bfg eO{k'g/fj]bgsf] /f]xdf bfo/ x'g cfPsf] k|:t't d'2fsf];+lIfKt tYo Pj+ 7x/ o;k|sf/ 5 M–

d"n k'vf{ jfn uf]ljGb dxtf] yf¿sf]5f]/f t]hf dxtf] / /fdaxfb'/ dxtf] ePsf], t]hfdxtf] / d lkm/fbL ;'vb]jLsf] bfDkTo hLjgaf6clDasf dxtf] / d jfbL a|Xdk|;fb dxtf]sf]hGd ePsf] . clDjsf dxtf] / d lkm/fbL slnofb]jLaf6 ljkIfL /fh]Zj/ dxtf], d lkm/fbL k|df]bdxtf], d lkm/fbL ;+hos'df/ rf}w/Lsf] hGdePsf] xf] . d lkm/fbL a|Xdk|;fb dxtf] / ljkIfLkfj{tLb]jLaf6 zzLsfGt, ljho dxtf], d lkm/fbL;'gLn, cgLnsf] hGd ePsf] xf] . ljkIfL/fdgf/fo0fk|;fb yf¿ / ljkIfL t]hdlt b]jLaf6d lkm/fbL pdfsfGt rf}w/L, ljkIfL sdn]zrf}w/L, d lkm/fbL ljsf;s'df/, ljhos'df/rf}w/Lsf] hGd ePsf] xf] . jfnuf]ljGb dxtf],pxfFsf] >LdtL, t]hf dxtf], /fdaxfb'/ dxtf],lghsL >LdtL, clDjsf dxtf] k/nf]s x'g'ePsf] . kl/jf/ j[l4 eO{ Psf;uf]ndf a:glxQlrQ gldNbf cfk;L ;dembf/Lsf] cfwf/dfldlt @)%).!.@ ut]b]lv s]jn r'Nxf] dfgf]cnu–cnu u/L a;]sf 5f} . /Ltk"j{s a08f u/f}FegL ljkIfLx¿nfO{ eGbf OGsf/ u/L vfg nfpg;d]t aGb ul/lbPsfn] ldlt @)%).!.@ nfO{dfgf] 5'l§Psf] ldlt sfod u/L tfobftL lnO{xfd|f] x'g] c+zxs 5'§ofO{ kfpFm eGg] jfbL bfjL .

*(^$ –*(^$ –*(^$ –*(^$ –*(^$ – /fh]Zj/ dxtf] lj=slnofb]jL y?gL


244244244244244

plNnlvt k':tfjf/L 7Ls 5 . /fdaxfb'/dxtf]sf] Psdfq 5f]/f d /fdgf/fo0f k|;fb yf¿x'F . lkm/fbL / xfd|f] jLrdf c+za08f ePsf] 5}g .ldlt @)$*.!.! b]lv t]hf dxtf]sf] ;Gtfgx¿Ps 7fpFdf, k|ltjfbL d /fdgf/fo0fk|;fb yf¿sf];Gtfg Ps 7fpFdf eft efG;f u/L cfPsf lyof}F .xfd|f] 5f]/fx¿ jfx]s cGo lkm/fbLx¿sf] c+z xs5'§ofpg OGsf/ u/]sf 5}gf} eGg] ;d]t Joxf]/fsf]k|ltjfbL t]hdtL b]jL, sdn]Zj/ rf}w/L //fdgf/fo0fk|;fb yf¿sf] ;+o'Qm k|ltpQ/ lhsL/ .

jfnuf]ljGb dxtf]sf] # 5f]/f /fdb]jdxtf], t]hf dxtf] / /fdaxfb'/ dxtf]sf] hGdePsf] xf] . /fdb]jsf] kTgL /dgL b]jL x'g\ .t]hf dxtf]sf] b'O{ >LdtL ;/nLb]jL / ;'vnLb]jLx'g\ . ;/nLaf6 clDjsf / ;'vnLaf6 j|Dxdxtf]sf] hGd ePsf] xf] . /fdb]j / /dnLaf6s'g} 5f]/f gePsf] . afnuf]ljGbsf] d[To'kl5@)!* ;fndf 3/;f/df c;n sd;n ldnfO{a08f 5'§ofO{ t]hf dxtf]n] cfˆgf] cfdfx'nf;L;Fu j;L b'O{ efu / /fdaxfb'/ dxtf]tyf /dnL b]jLn] !÷! efu c+z lnO{, /dnLb]jLn] cfˆgf] c+z efu clDjsf dxtf]sf] gfpFdflnO{ tTsfnLg hldGbf/L srx/Laf6 btf{ u/fO{;f]xL ;do b]lv cnu leGb} a;L cfpg' ePsf] .ldlt @)@!.*.& df /dnLn] clDjsfsf] gfpFdft]hf dxtf]af6 ;'s|LlaqmL /fhLgfdf n]vfO{ v/Lbug'{ ePsf] / ldlt @)@!.*.& df /dnLn] t]hfdxtf]af6 hUuf /fhLgfdf u/L lng' ePsf], ;f]b'j} lnvtdf /fdaxfb'/ C0fLsf] leGb} a;]sf]efO egL ;fIfL a:g' ePsf] . /fdaxfb'/, /dgL/ t]hf dxtf]n] & g+= kmfF6jf/L tyf ! g+= nutcnu–cnu eg'{ ePsf] 5 . /fdaxfb'/n] ldlt@)@!.*.& df 3'O/Lb]jLaf6 )–!(–) hUufv/Lb ug' { ePsf ] , /fdgf/fo0fn ] ldlt@)#^.!!.@( df @–&–% hUuf v/Lb ug'{ ePsf],

/fdaxfb'/n] cfˆgf] )–!(–) hUuf ldlt@)@#.@.@! df levf/L dxtf]nfO{ / %–!#–!*hUUff j]gs'df/LnfO{ ldlt @)@(.!.@) df/fhLgfdf u/L lbg' ePsf] . ldlt @)@(.!.!(df )–!–!) hUuf /fdaxfb'/n] u+luofb]jLnfO{/fhLgfdf u/L lbg' ePaf6 ;d]t /fdaxfb'/cnu a;]sf] k|i6 5 . ;j]{ gfkL x'Fbf ls=g+=!!^ sf] )–*–) hUuf t]hf dxtf]sf] gfpFdfgfkL x'g uPsf]df /fdaxfb'/n] e'=k|=sf=df lgj]bglbO{ ldlt @)@(.$.!( df ePsf] lg0f{oaf6cfˆgf] gfpFdf btf{ ug'{ ePsf] 5 . t]hf dxtf]n]ldlt @)@!.#.!# df /fdrGb| dxtf];Fu #–!)–^hUuf v/Lb ug'{ ePsf], cfˆgf] hUuf leGg a;]sf]c+lzof/ /dnL / clDjsfnfO{ laqmL ug'{ ePsf],ldlt @)$*.!@.!! df pxfFn] )–)–!# ..sf]lznfb]jLnfO{ laqmL ug'{ ePsf] 5 . jfbLpdfsfGt, ljsf;n] cfˆgf] a'jf, cfdf efO;Fu,;'vnL / j|Dxn] t]hfsf] kl/jf/dWo] j|Dxsf] >LdtL5f]/f;Fu, sf]lznf, k|df]b, ;+hon] clDjsfsf]kl/jf/leq d /fh]Zj/;Fu c+z xs dfu ug'{kg]{dfc?nfO{ cgfjZos k|ltjfbL agfpg' ePsf] 5eGg] ;d]t Joxf]/fsf] k|ltjfbL kfj{tLb]jL /k|ltjfbL /fh]Zj/ dxtf]sf] k|ltpQ/ kq .

k|ltjfbL /fh]Zj/ dxtf] ;d]tsf] ;fIfL/fd]Zj/ dxtf], k|ltjfbL /fdgf/fo0f dxtf]sf];fIfL t]hf dxtf] wfg'sn] u/]sf] jskq ldl;n;+nUg /x]sf] .

lkm/fbdf b]vfOPsf] k':tfjnL 7Ls xf] .!)÷!@ jif{cl3 clDasf, j|Dxf, /fdgf/fo0fk|;fbsf kl/jf/ r'Nxf] dfgf] cnu u/L a;LcfP, crn ;DklQ ;uf]ndf g} 5 . lktfhLn]c+z kfPkl5 pxfFn] kfPsf] ;DklQaf6 g} d;d]tn] c+z kfpg' kg]{ xf] eGg] ;d]t Joxf]/fsf]c=j+= !#( g+= adf]lhd a'lemPsf ljgos'df/rf}w/Ln] u/]sf] aofg .

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afnuf]ljGb dxtf]sf] # 5f]/f /fdb]j,t]hf / /fdaxfb'/ x'g\ . lghx¿ aLr @)!*;fndf 3/;f/df hldbf/L srx/Ldf c+za08fePsf] xf] . jfbL / k|ltjfbLx¿n] cf–cfˆg} 9+uaf6c+z kfpg' kb{5 eGg] ;d]t Joxf]/fsf] c=j+= !#(g+= adf]lhd j'lemPsf ljho dxtf] rf}w/Ln]u/]sf] aofg, ;f]xL Joxf]/f ldnfgsf] c=j+= !#(g+= adf]lhd j'lemPsf cgLn rf}w/L, zzLsfGtrf}w/Ln] u/]sf] aofg .

o;df z'? lhNnf cbfntaf6 tfobftLkmfF6jf/L dfUg] cfb]zeO{ jfbL k|ltjfbLx¿ af6tfobftL kmfF6jf/L k]z ePsf] /x]5 .

jfbL k|ltjfbLaf6 k]z x'g cfPsf]tfobftL kmfF6jf/Ldf plNnlvt ;DklQdWo] btf{;|]:tfdf le8]sf] ;DklQnfO{ @ efu nufO{ t]hfdxtf]sf] xfFuftkm{sf] Ps efunfO{ # efu nufO{;f] # efu dWo] Ps efu jfbL ;'vnL b]jLn]5'§ofO{ c+z kfpg], afFsL @ efudWo] Ps efunfO{$ efu nufO{ jfbL slnofb]jL, k|df]b / ;+hon]# efu 5'§ofO{ c+z kfpg] / jfFsL /x]sf] PsefunfO{ ̂ efu nufO{ jfbL j|Dxk|;fb / ;'gLnn]@ efu 5'§ofO{ c+z kfpg] tyf /fdaxfb'/ tkm{sf]Ps efunfO{ ^ efu nufO{ jfbL pdfsfGt /ljsf;s'df/n] @ efu c+z 5'§ofO{ kfpg] 7x5{egL z'? k;f{ lhNnf cbfntaf6 ePsf] ldlt@)^@.#.!^ sf] km};nf .

c+lzof/x¿ aLr Ps cfk;df c+za08fu/L cf–cfˆgf] gfddf lnO{ tTsfnLg lhdbf/Lsrx/Laf6 bflvn btf{ ePsf] 7f]; k|df0f 5 .ToxL hUuf gfkL x'Fbfsf avt cf–cfˆgf] c+zefu 5'§f5'§} gfkL btf{ ePsf] 5 . ToxL c+zsf]hUuf g} 5'§f5'§} & g+= kmf/fd / ! g+= nute/L 5'§} 3/af; u/L Ps cfk;df hUuf v/LblaqmL x'Fb} cfPsf], cnu–cnu ef]u laqmLJojxf/ bflvn btf{sf] c+za08f eO;s]sf]

csf6\o Jojxf/ k|df0f x'Fbfx'Fb} To; ljk/Ltlkm/fb k/]sf] lbgnfO{ dfg' 5'l§Psf] ldlt sfodu/L tfobftL kmfF6jf/L lnO k'gM c+za08f ug{sbflk ldNb}g . t;y{ z'? k;f{ lhNnf cbfntsf]km};nf ab/ u/L xfdLaf6 jfbLn] c+z gkfpg]u/L OG;fkm ul/kfpFm eGg] ;d]t Joxf]/fsf]k|ltjfbL kfj{tL b]jL y?gL ;d]tsf] ldlt@)^@.&.! sf] k'g/fj]bg kq .

@)!* ;fndf 3/;f/df g/d u/dldnfO{ c+za08f eO{ ;f]xLcg'¿k cf–cfˆgf]efudf k/]sf] >L;DklQ ef]u rng u/L laqmLJojxf/ ;d]t ub}{ cfPsf]df jfbLn] laqmL u/]sf]lnvtdf laqmL u/]sf] hUufdf s;}sf] xs gnfUg]cfˆgf] Psnf}6L xssf] hUuf egL b]vfO{ laqmLu/]sf] b]lvG5 / c+lzof/x¿ s;}nfO{ ;fIfL /fv]sf]kfO{b}g h;af6 jfbLsf] cfˆgf] 5'§} Jojxf/ b]lvgcfPsf] / ljkIfL jfbLx¿dWo] ;'vnL b]jL, slnofb]jL, k|df]b dxtf], ;+ho dxtf], a|x|d dxtf],;'gLnn] tfl/v 5f]8L yfDg] ydfpg] Dofb u'hf/LJojxf/ k|df0faf6 c+za08f e};s]sf] k|df0fnfO{:jLsf/ u/L lrQ a'emfO{ a;]sf] tYonfO{ WofgglbO{ ePsf] z'? km};nf d'n'sL P]g, c=j+= !*$s,!*% g++, k|df0f P]g, @)#! sf] bkmf # / %$ sf]ljk/Lt x'Fbf pQm km};nf ab/ u/L daf6 jfbLn]c+z gkfpg] u/L OG;fkm ul/kfpFm eGg] ;d]tJoxf]/fsf] k|ltjfbL /fh]Zj/ dxtf]sf] k'g/fj]bgkq .

d"n c+lzof/x¿ t]hf dxtf], /fdaxfb'/dxtf] / /fdb]jsL >LdtL /dgLb]jL aLr @)!*df g} 3/;f/df c+za08f ePsf ] eGg ]k|ltjfbLx¿sf] lhsL/ ePsf] / d"n c+lzof//dgL b]jLn] c+lzof/ t]hf dxtf]nfO{ /=g+= !#&(,ldlt @)@!.&.* df /fhLgfdf kfl/t u/L lbPsf]lnvtdf csf{ ;dfg c+lzof/ /fdaxfb'/ dxtf]n]leGg ePsf] efO egL ;fIfL a;]sf] ldl;n



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;+nUg pQm lnvtsf] k|ltlnlkaf6 b]lvg cfPsf]cj:yfdf jfbL bfjL cg';f/ c+z kfpg] 7x/fPsf]z'? k;f{ lhNnf cbfntsf] km};nf km/s kg{;Sg] b]lvFbf ljkIfL lemsfO{ lgodfg';f/ k]z ug'{eGg] ldlt @)^#.%.!( sf] k'g/fj]bg cbfntx]6f}+8fsf] cfb]z .

c+za08fsf] lnvt tof/ u/L c+z lnPlbPsf] / c+za08fsf] lnvt tof/ gePdf Psfsf]gfdaf6 csf{sf] gfddf hUuf x:tfGt/0f ePsf]jf laqmL Jojxf/ 5'§f5'§} ePsf] cj:yf gePsf]l:yltdf c+za08f e};s]sf] eGg gldNg] x'Fbfz'?n] c+za08f x'g] u/L lbPsf] km};nf ldn]s}x'Fbf z'? k;f{ lhNnf cbfntn] u/]sf] km};nf;b/ ul/kfpFm eGg] Joxf]/fsf] ljsf;s'df/ rf}w/Lsf]jf/]; e} cfˆgf] xsdf pdfsfGt k|;fb rf}w/L;d]tsf] lnlvt k|ltjfb .

d"n c+lzof/dWo] t]hf dxtf]n] cfˆgf5f]/f xfd|f] lktf clDjsf dxtf] ePsf] ldlt@)@!.*.& sf] /=g+=!#&* sf] kfl/t /fhLgfdf/ lbg] t]hf dxtf] lng] /dgLb]jL ePsf]ldlt @)@!.*.& sf] /=g+=!#&( sf] kfl/t/fhLgfdfsf] lnvtx¿df /fdaxfb'/ dxtf]n]leGb} a;]sf] efO egL ;fIfL a;]sf 5g\ .lbg] /fdaxfb'/ dxtf] lng] t]hf dxtf] ePsf]ldlt @)@!.#.!# sf] /=g+= &$#&* sf] kfl/t/fhLgfdf ldlt @)@(.$.!( sf] e"=k|=sf=sf]lg0f {o krf{n] ;d]t xfd|f ] d"n c+lzof//fdaxfb'/ dxtf], t]hf dxtf] / /fdb]jsLkTgL /dgLb]jLsf] aLrdf ldlt @)@!;fnk"j{ g} c+za08f e} ;s]sf] k|dfl0ft e} /x]sf]k|df0fx¿nfO{ d"Nof+sg gu/L xfdLx¿ aLrdfk'gM c+za08f ug]{u/L k;f{ lhNnf cbfntaf6u/]sf] km};nf pN6L ul/kfpFm eGg] Joxf]/fsf]k|ToyL{ jfbL slnof b]jL, k|df ]b dxtf],;+hos'df/ rf}w/L / a|Xdk|;fb dxtf] yf¿sf]

ldlt @)^#.(.!! sf] Ps} ldnfg Joxf]/fsf]5'§f5'§} lnlvt k|ltjfb .

c+lzof/x¿ aLr Pscfk;df c+za08fu/L tTsfnLg lhldbf/L srx/Laf6 bflvnbtf{ u/fO{ 5'§} 3/jf; u/L 5'§f5'§} Ps cfk;dfhUuf v/Lb laqmL Jojxf/ x'Fbfx'Fb} klg k'gc+za08f u/]sf] z'? km};nf sfg"gL q'l6k"0f{ x'Fbfab/ ul/kfpFm eGg] Joxf]/fsf] 5'§f5'§} k'g/fj]bgk/]sf]df c+za08f ePsf] k|df0f gePsf]c+lzof/nfO{ hUuf kfl/t u/L lbPsf] /c+lzof/af6 hUuf kfl/t u/L lnb}df a08fePsf] eGg gx'g], cnu eO{ leGg a:b}df c+zlnO{ ;s]sf] dfGg ldNb}g . c+z lng' / leGgeO{ a:g' cnu s'/f /x]sf] x'Fbf a08fkq ePsf]jf Jojxf/ k|df0fjf6 cflwsfl/s e/kbf]{ ;a"bk|df0fj]u/ c+z h:tf] hGdl;4 g};lu{s xsclwsf/nfO{ xgg\ x'g] u/L jl~rt ug{ gx'g] /c+za08f eO;s]sf] gb]lvFbf c+za08f ug]{u/Lz'? k;f{ lhNnf cbfntn] u/]sf] km};nfnfO{cGoyf eGg ldn]g . t;y{ a08f nfUg] u/Lz'? k;f{ lhNnf cbfntn] ldlt @)^@.#.!^ dfu/]sf] km};nf ldn]s} b]lvFbf ;b/ x'g] 7x5{ .k'g/fj]bs k|ltjfbLx¿sf] k'g/fj]bg lhsL/ k'Ug;Sb}g eGg] ;d]t k'g/fj]bg cbfnt x]6f}8fsf]ldlt @)^$.(.@( sf] km};nf .

k'g/fj]bg cbfntsf] km};nf q'l6k"0f{ x'FbflrQ a'em]g . /dgLb]jLnfO{ c+lzof/df gb]vfO{;uf]nsf] c+lzof/ x'g\ eGg] jfbL bfjL g} gePsf]cj:yfdf ldlt @)%^.!).!* df d/]sf] JolQmnfO{;uf]nsf] c+lzof/ 7x¥ofO{ a08f ug{ ldNg] ljifog} xf]Og . cl3 g} 5'l§Psf] /dgL b]jLaf6ldlt@)%@.&.@& df /=g+= !&$), !&$!, !&$@af6 qmdzM /fh]Zj/k|;fb dxtf], k|df]b k|;fbdxtf], ;+hos'df/ rf}w/Ln] k|fKt u/]sf] ;DklQldlt @)%(.*.@@ df dfnkf]t sfof{no, k;f{af6

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bflvn vf/]h btf{ ePsf] hUuf c+za08fsf] !*g+=n] kfpg]sf] lghL 7x/L a08f nufpg ldNb}g .o; pk/ sf]xL s;}sf] r'gf}lt klg 5}g . ljkIfLjfbLx¿dWo] slnofb]jL, k|df]bk|;fb dxtf], ;+ho,a|Xd, ;'gLn dxtf] / dl/;s]sL ;'vnLb]jLn]tfl/v u'hf/L c+za08f eO;s]sf] tYonfO{ :jLsf/u/L a;]sf]df z'?sf] km};nfnfO{ ;b/ u/]sf]k'g/fj]bg cbfnt, x]6f}F8fsf] km};nf ;d]t q'l6k"0f{5 .

lbg] t]hf dxtf], lng] clDjsf dxtf]ePsf] ldlt @)@!.*.& sf] /=g+= !#&* sf] kfl/t/fhLgfdf, lbg] t]hf dxtf], lng] /dgLb]jL ePsf]ldlt @)@!.*.& sf] /=g+= !@&( sf] kfl/t/fhLgfdfdf /fdaxfb'/ dxtf] leGg a;]sf] efOegL ;fIfL a;]sf 5g\ . lbg] /fd dxtf], lng]t]hf dxtf] ePsf] ldlt @)@!.#.!# sf] /=g+=!&#&@ sf] kfl/t /fhLgfdf, ldlt @)@(.$.!(sf] e"dL k|zf;g sfof{no k;f{sf] lg0f{o krf{,lbg] t]hf dxtf], lng] ;Ltfb]jL dxtf] ePsf]ldlt @)$*.!).!! sf] /=g+= #(@) sf] kfl/t/fhLgfdf, lbg] 3'8f/Lb]jL, lng] /fdaxfb'/ dxtf]ePsf] ldlt @)@!.*.& sf] /=g+= !#(# sf] kfl/t/fhLgfdf, lbg] kf/;gfy, lng] /fdgf/fo0f dxtf]ePsf] ldlt @)#^.!!.!( sf] /=g+= !*() sf]kfl/t /fhLgfdf, lbg] /fdaxfb'/ dxtf] lng]levf/L dxtf] ldlt @)@#.@.@! sf] /=g+=@$)^÷@#)# sf] kfl/t /fhLgfdf, lbg] /fdaxfb'/dxtf], lng] j]gs'df/L sfsL{ ePsf] ldlt@)@(.@.@) sf] /=g+=#!&#÷!(#( sf] kfl/t/fhLgfdf, lbg] /fdaxfb'/ dxtf] lng] d+uLofb]jLePsf] ldlt @)@(.!.!( sf] /=g+= #!#!÷@*(%sf] kfl/t /fhLgfdf, lbg] /dgLb]jL, lng] /fh]Zj/dxtf] ePsf] ldlt @)%@.&.@& sf] /=g+= !&$),lng] ;+hos'df/ ePsf] /=g+= !&$@, lng]k|df]bk|;fb ePsf] /=g+=!&$! sf] z]if kl5sf]

kfl/t as;kq ;d]tsf laqmL Jojxf/nfO{ x]bf{c+za08fsf] #) g+= cg';f/ @)!* ;fndf5'l§leGg ePsf] :ki6 5 . g]sfk @)$%, cÍ!), lg=g+= #^@% df k|ltkflbt ghL/n] dflyplNnlvt k|df0fnfO{ dfGotf lbPsf] 5 .

xfd|f] kfl/jfl/s k[i7e"Lddf d'n k'?ifafnuf]ljGb dxtf]sf] d[To'kZrft\ @)!* ;fndf3/;f/df g/d u/d ldnfO{ a08f 5'§ofO{ t]hfdxtf]n] cfˆgf] cfdf x'nf;L;Fu a;L lghx¿sf]c+z t]hf dxtf]sf] gfpFdf h=lj=@!–@–^, /fdaxfb'/sf] c+z efu lghsf] gfpFdf h=lj= @#–!@–(, /dgLb]jLsf] c+z efu clDjsf dxtf]sf]gfpFdf h=lj= @$–!#–!$, lbO{ lnO{ tTsfnLglhdbf/L srx/Laf6 bflvn btf{ ePsf] 7f];,ljjfb/xLt k|df0f df}h"b 5 . Tof] k|df0fnfO{d'n'sL P]g, c=j+= &* g+= adf]lhd aofg ubf{jfbL j|Dx dxtf]n] ;=h=# df, jfbL ;+hos'df/rf}w/Ln] ;=h=# df tTsfnLg lhldbf/L srx/Lsf]kfnfdf xfd|f #, c+lzof/ k'vf{fx¿ t]hf dxtf],/fdaxfb'/ dxtf] / /dgLb]jLsf] aLrdf cfˆgflx;fj zflGtn] hUufdf ePsf] x/lx:;f lnO{lbO{ ;s]sf]n] ;f]xLadf]lhd cf–cfˆgf xs lx:;fdfk/]sf hUufx¿sf] 5'§f5'§} /l;b xf], /l;b ;2]eO{ ;f]xLadf]lhdsf] & g+=kmfF6jf/L tyf ! g+=nut e/]sf] 7Ls xf] eg]kl5 b'j} kIf aLrd'n'sL P]g, c=j+= !*$s g+= adf]lhd d'v ldn]sf]5 .

ctM k'g/fj]bg cbfnt x]6f}+8fsf] km};nfdf;d]t Gofo k|zf;g P]g, @)$* sf] bkmf !@-!_-s_ -v_ sf] cj:yf ljBdfg x'Fbf bf]xf]¥ofO{ x]g]{lg:;f k|bfg u/L k|ltjfbcg'¿k OG;fkm kfpFmeGg] ;d]t Joxf]/fsf] k|ltjfbL /fh]Zj/ dxtf]sf]lgj]bg kq .

;j{k|yd ;'vnL b]jLsf] d'2f rNbfrNb}d[To' e};s]sf]n] lghnfO{ ljkIfL sfod ul/Psf]



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5}g . jfbLx¿ slnofb]jL, k|df]b dxtf], ;+hodxtf], a|Xd dxtf] / ;'gLn dxtf]n] z'? txd}tfl/v u'hf/L a;]sf] cj:yfdf lghx¿n]c+za08f eO{ ;s]sf] tYonfO{ :jLsf/L a;]sf]tkm{ Wofg glbO{ jfbL bfjL eGbf aflx/ uO{ul/Psf] km};nf q'l6k"0f{ 5 . :j= afn uf]ljGbsf# efO{ 5f]/fx¿sf aLrdf @)!* ;fndf lhldbf/Lsrx/Laf6 c+za08f ePsf] s'/f lghx¿sfaLrdf @)@! ;fndf Ps cfk;df ePsf kfl/t/fhLgfdf ;d]tsf sfuhftn] k'li6 u/L /x]sf]5 . t]hf dxtf] / /dgLb]jLsf aLr ldlt@)@!.*.& df kfl/t /=g+= !#&( sf] tyfclDasf / t]hfaLr ldlt @)@!.&.@(df /=g+=!#&*sf] kfl/t /fhLgfdfdf c+lzof/dWo] s}/fdaxfb'/ leGg a;]sf] efO egL ;fIfL ;d]ta;]sf] / @)@@ ;fnsf] gfkLdf ;d]t ;a}c+lzof/n] & g+= kmfF6jf/L / ! g+= nut ebf{cf–cfˆgf kl/jf/sf] cnu–cnu nut e/Lcf–cfˆgf gfpFdf k'hf{ k|fKt u/L ef]u laqmLJojxf/ u/]sf] s'/fdf b'j} kIf aLr d'v ldn]sf]cj:yfdf Jojxf/ k|df0faf6 5'l§leGg ePsf]tYonfO{ aËofpb} k'g/fj]bg cbfntaf6 ePsf]km};nf d'n'sL P]g c=j+= !*$-s_ g+= ;d]tljk/Lt 5 .

afn uf]ljGbsf # efO 5f]/fx¿ dWo]/fdb]jsf] @)!@ ;fndf d[To' e};s]kl5 @)!*;fndf 3/;f/df g/d u/d ldnfO{ a08f5'§ofpg] qmddf t]hf dxtf]sf] efudf @!–@–!^, /fdaxfb'/sf] efudf @#–!@–(, /fd b]jsf]d[To' eO{ ;s]sf]n] lghsf] efu t]hf dxtf]sf]b'O{ >LdtL dWo]sL ;/nL b]jLsf] d[To' ePsf] //fdb]j / /dgLb]jLsf ;Gtfg gePsfn] ;/nLsf5f]/f clDjsf dxtf]sf gfpFdf @$–!#–!$ a08feO{ ltgLx¿sf gfpFdf bfv]n vf/]h u/L lt/f]e/f] ePsf] / lt/f] e/f] u/]sf e/kfO{x¿nfO{

&* g+= adf]lhd aofg u/fpFbf pQm e/kfO{;4] x'g egL jfbLn] aofg u/]sf] cj:yf / d'nxfFufdf a08fadf]lhd cf–cfˆgf gfpFdf bfv]nvf/]h ePsf] s'/f :jLsf/ u/L ef]u laqmLJojxf/ ;d]t u/]sf] s'/fnfO{ cGoyf x'g] 7x¥ofO{;a} c+lzof/nfO{ ;uf]ndf ePsf] 7x/ u/LePsf] km};nf d'n'sL P]g c+za08fsf] #) k|df0fP]gsf] bkmf #, %$ ljk/Lt x'g'sf ;fy} Jojxf/k|df0fnfO{ c+za08f ePsf] dfGg] u/L g]sfk@)$@, cÍ &, lg=g+= @$##, g]sfk @)%),cÍ !), lg=g+=$*), g]sfk @)%^, cÍ !@,lg=g++ ^*@$, g]sfk @)^@ cÍ lg=g=+ &^!%;d]tsf ljk/Lt x' Fbf k'g/fj]bg cbfntx]6f}8faf6 ePsf] km};nf q'l6k"0f{ 5 . ctM pQmkm};nfdf Gofo k|zf;g P]g, @)$* sf] bkmf!@-!_-s_ / -v_ sf] cj:yf ljBdfg x'Fbf d'2fbf]xf]¥ofO{ x]g]{ lg:;f k|bfg u/L xfd|f] k|ltpQ/lhsL/adf]lhd x'g]u/L Gofo kfpFm eGg] ;d]tk|ltjfbL kfj{tLb]jL y?gL ;d]tsf] ;+o'Qmlgj]bg .

o;df d"n k"vf{ uf]ljGb dxtf]sf] b'O{5f]/fdf t]hf dxtf] / /fdaxfb'/ dxtf] ePsf]dfldlt @)@!.*.& df /dnLn] t]hf dxtf]af6hUuf /fhLgfdf kfl/t ul/ln+bf /fdaxfb'/C0fLsf] leGg a;]sf] efO egL ;fIfL ;d]ta;]sf] b]lvG5 . e"ld;'wf/ ! g++= nut / & g+=kmfF6jf/L ;d]t cnu–cnu el/Psf], btf{ lt/f]cnu–cnu eO{ ef]u laqmL Jojxf/ k|df0f;d]taf6 jfbL k|ltjfbLx¿ ;uf]nsf] c+lzof/gb]lvPsf] cj:yfdf d"n c+lzof/ aLrg} a08fgePsf] egL jfbL bfjL k'Ug] 7x/ u/]sf] z'?cbfntsf] km};nf ;b/ u/]sf] k'g/fj]bg cbfntx]6f}+8fsf] km};nfdf k|df0f P]g, @)#! sf] bkmf%$, c+za08fsf] !* / #) g+=sf] JofVofTdsq'l6 x'g'sf] ;fy} g]sfk @)%^, lg=g+= ^*@$,

249249249249249

;jf]{Rr cbfnt a'n]l6g @)^@, k"0ff{Í, #@!k[i7 @, df k|ltkflbt sfg"gL l;4fGt ;d]tsf]k|lts"n b]lv+bf Gofo k|zf;g P]g, @)$* sf]bkmf !@-!_ -s_ -v_ cGtu{t d'2f bf]xf]¥ofO{x]g{ lg:;f k|bfg ul/lbPsf] 5 eGg] ;d]t o;cbfntsf] cfb]z .

c+za08fsf] lnvt gePsf], c+zafktegL hUufsf] bflvn vf/]h ;d]t gePsf]n] c+zh:tf] ;+j]bgzLn ljifonfO{ c+za08fsf] lnvtsf]cefjdf k|lts"n ¿kdf lng'kg]{ x'Fbf xfdLn]c+z kfpg] u/L z'? Pj+ k'g/fj]bg cbfntx]6f}8faf6 ePsf] km};nfdf s'g} q'l6 5}g . ljkIfLsf];f;" ;'vnL, klt a|Xdf, 5f]/f ;'gLn, h]7fgLslnof ;d]tn] xfdLnfO{ ;uf]nsf] c+lzof/:jLsf/L /x]sf] cj:yfdf ljkIfLn] xfdLnfO{ leGb}c+lzof/ eGg ldNb}g . ctM k'g/fj]bg cbfntsf]km};nf ;b/ sfod ul/kfpFm eGg] ;d]t jfbLljsf;s'df/ / pdfsfGt rf}w/Lsf] ;+o'Qm lnlvtk|ltjfb .

k|:t't d'2fdf d]nldnfk x'g pko'Qmb]lvPsf]n] d]nldnfk s]Gb|df k7fpg] u/LOhnf;af6 cfb]z ePsf]df ldnfkq x'g g;sLlkmtf{ cfPsf] /x]5 .

o;df, b'j} kIfx¿ pkl:yt u/fpgsf]nflu csf]{ k]zL tf]sL k|:t't d'2f x]bf{ x]b}{df/fvL o;} nufpsf] )^&–CI–!@() ;d]t ;fy}/fvL lgodfg';f/ u/L k]z ug'{ eGg] o; cbfntsf]cfb]z .

lgodadf]lhd b}lgs k]zL ;"rLdf r9Lcfh o; Ohnf; ;dIf k]z x'g cfPsf] k|:t'td'2fdf k|fKt ldl;n ;+nUg sfuh k|df0fx¿sf]cWoog ul/of] . k'g/fj]bs k|ltjfbL /fh]Zj/dxtf] tyf jfbL kfj{tLb]jL y?gL ;d]tsftkm{af6 pkl:yt ljåfg jl/i7 clwjQmf xl/x/bfxfn tyf clwjQmfx¿ zflns/fd kf08],n]vgfy Gof}kfg] / gGbk|;fb clwsf/Ln]

k'g/fj]bsx¿sf d'n k'?if afnuf]ljGb dxtf]sf]d[To'kZrft\ @)!* ;fndf 3/;f/df g/d u/dldnfO{ a08f 5'§ofO{ t]hf dxtf]n] cfˆgf] cfdfx'nf;L;Fu a;L lghx¿sf] c+z t]hf dxtf]sf]gfpFdf h=lj=@!–@–^, /fd axfb'/sf] c+z efulghsf] gfpFdf h=lj= @#–!@–(, /dgLb]jLsf]c+z efu clDjsf dxtf]sf] gfpFdf h=lj= @$–!#–!$, lbO{ lnO{ tTsfnLg lhldbf/L srx/Laf6bflvn btf{ ePsf] 7f]; k|df0f df}h"b 5 . pQms'/fnfO{ c=j+= &* g+= adf]lhd aofg ubf{jfbLx¿ j|Dx dxtf] / ;+hos'df/ rf}w/Ln]tTsfnLg lhdbf/L srx/Lsf] kfnfdf xfd|f #,c+lzof/ k'vf{x¿ t]hf dxtf], /fdaxfb'/ dxtf]/ /dlgb]jLsf] aLrdf cfˆgf lx;fj zflGtn]hUufdf ePsf] x/lx:;f lnO{ lbO;s]sfn];f]xLadf]lhd cf–cfˆgf xs lx:;fdf k/]sfhUufx¿sf] 5'§f5'§} /l;b xf], /l;b ;2] eO{;f]xLadf]lhdsf] & g+= kmfF6jf/L tyf ! g+=nut e/]sf] 7Ls xf] egL :jLsf/ u/L d'vldn]sf] 5 . To;}u/L d"n c+lzof/fx¿ aLrljleGg ldltdf hUuf lng'lbg' u/]sf lnvttyf Joaxf/ k|df0fx¿af6 ;d]t oL jfbLk|ltjfbLx¿sf d"n k':tfx¿ 5'§LleGg e};s]sf]x'Fbf z'?sf] km};nf ;b/ ug]{ u/]sf] k'g/fj]bgcbfntsf] km};nf ;d]t q'l6k"0f{ x'Fbf pQm b'j}km};nfx¿ pN6L u/L k'g/fj]bg lhsL/adf]lhdOG;fkm ul/kfpFm egL ug'{ePsf] ax; tyf k]zug'{ePsf] ax;gf]6 ;d]t ;'lgof], x]l/of] .

k|ToyL{x¿ pdfsfGt rf}w/L ;d]tsf]tkm{af6 pkl:yt ljåfg jl/i7 clwjQmfdxfb]jk|;fb ofbj tyf clwjQmfx¿ s[i0fk|;fb;fksf]6f, sf}zn lszf]/ ;fx, ltnk|;fb uf}td,/ ls;'gb]j k|;fb sf]O/Ln] oL jfbL k|ltjfbLx¿sf]k':tfjf/Ldf ljjfb 5}g . d"n k'?if afnuf]ljGbsftLg 5f]/fx¿ aLr c+za08f ePsf] 5}g .hUufsf] xbjGbL ldnfpg a9L ePsf] hUuf



250250250250250

c+lzof/f aLr cnu–cnu & g+= kmfF6jf/Lel/Psf] / Ps c+lzof/ /fdaxfb'/n] ;fIfLdfa:bf leGg ePsf] efO eGg] s'/fn] c+za08fsf]dfGotf kfpg ;Sb}g . c+za08fsf] lnvt klggePsf] / c+zafkt egL hUufsf] bflvn vf/]h;d]t gePsf] cj:yfdf c+za08f ePsf] dfGgldNg] xf]Og . afnuf]ljGbsf # 5f]/fx¿df j/fj/L¿kdf hUufsf] kmfF6jf/L gel/Psf] tYoaf6;d]t c+za08f gePsf] tYo :ki6 x'G5 . t;y{jfbLx¿n] c+z kfpg] u/L z'? k;f{ lhNnfcbfntaf6 ePsf] km};nf ;b/ ug]{ u/]sf]k'g/fj]bg cbfnt x]6f}+8fsf] km};nfdf s'g}sfg"gL q'l6 gx'Fbf pQm km};nf ;b/ sfodul/kfpFm egL ug'{ ePsf] ax; tyf k]z ug'{ePsf]ax;gf]6 ;d]t ;'lgof], x]l/of] .

To;}u/L k|ToyL{x¿ slnofb]jL, k|df]bdxtf] ;d]tsf] tkm{af6 pkl:yt ljåfgclwjQmf /flhj cfrfo{n] d]/f] kIfn] /fdaxfb'/dxtf]sf] 5f]/f /fdgf/fo0f dxtf]n] nnfO{ kmsfO{8/ qf; b]vfO d'2f lbg nufPsf x'g\ egLk'g/fj]bg cbfnt x]6f}+8fdf lnlvt hjfkmk]z u/]sf] / z'? lhNnf cbfntdf tfl/vu'hf/L a;]sf] cj:yfdf d'2f tfd]nLdf /fVg'kg]{df ;f] gu/L lghx¿sf] xsdf ;d]t km};nfu/]sf] ldn]sf] 5}g . ;fy} d'n c+lzof/ t]hfdxtf], /fdaxfb'/ dxtf] / /fdb]j dxtf]sf]kTgL /dgLb]jL @)!* ;fnb]lv g} c+za08fu/L @)@! ;fndf ! g+= nut tyf & g+=kmfF6jf/L ;d]t cnu–cnu e/]sf] tyf t]hfdxtf] / clDasf dxtf]aLr ldlt @)@!.*.&df ePsf] /=g+= !#&* tyf t]hf dxtf] //d'gLb]jL aLr P]= ldltdf ePsf] /=g+= !#&(sf] kfl/t /fhLgfdfdf leGg ePsf] efO egL/fdaxfb'/ ;fIfL a;]sf] tYoaf6 ;d]t oLd"n c+lzof/f aLr c+za08f ePsf] s'/f

k|dfl0ft ePsf] 5 . t;y{ jfbL bfjLadf]lhdc+z kfpg] 7x/ u/]sf] z'? k;f{ lhNnf cbfnt/ k'g/fj]bg cbfnt x]6f}+8fsf] km};nf ab/u/L OG;fkm kfpFm egL ug'{ePsf] ax; tyfk]z ug'{ePsf] ax;gf]6 ;d]t ;'lgof] x]l/of] .

plNnlvt ax; ;d]t ;'lg lg0f{otkm{ljrf/ ubf{ k|:t't d'2fdf k'g/fj]bg cbfntx]6f}+8fsf] ldlt @)^$.(.@( sf] km};nf ldn]sf]5, 5}g < egL lg0f{o lbg'kg]{ b]lvof] .

o;df ljkIfL k|ltjfbLx¿ ;d]taf6 xfdLlkm/fbLsf] c+z xs 5'§ofO{ kfpFm eGg] ;d]tsf];'v'nL b]jL ;d]tsf * hgf jfbLx¿sf] d'Volkm/fb bfjL ePsf]df xfdL @)$* ;fn b]lvdfgf] cnu u/L a;]sf], c+z lbg d~h"/ 5f}F eGg]k|ltjfbL t]hf, /fdgf/fo0f / sdn]z rf}w/Lsf]d'Vo k|ltpQ/ lhsL/ ePsf]] tyf xfdL @)!*;fn cufl8b]lv g} leGg eO{ cf–cfˆgf] hUuf;d]t ;'lqmlaqmL v/Lb ;d]t u/]sf] x'Fbf 5'§LleGg eO{ ;s]sf] 5 . t;y{ jfbL bfjL vf/]hul/kfpFm eGg] ;d]t k|ltjfbL kfj{tLb]jL / /fh]Zj/k|;fbsf] d'Vo k|ltpQ/ /x]5 . pQm jfbLbfjLtyf k|ltpQ/ lhsL/ ePsf]df jfbL k|ltjfbLaf6k]z x'g cfPsf] tfobftL kmfF6jf/Ldf plNnlvt;DklQdWo] btf{ ;|]:tfdf le8]sf] ;DklQaf6 jfbLbfjL ad]flhd c+z 5'§ofO{ kfpg] 7x5{ egL z'?k;f{ lhNnf cbfntaf6 ePsf] km};nf k'g/fj]bgcbfnt x]6f}+8faf6 ;b/ ePsf] /x]5 . pQmkm};nfpk/ lrQ ga'emfO{ o; cbfntdf d'2fbf]xf]¥ofO{ kfpFm egL kg{ cfPsf] lgj]bgdfbf]xf]¥ofpg] lg:;f k|bfg eO{ k|:t't d'2fk'g/fj]bgsf] /f]xdf lg0f{ofy{ o; Ohnf; ;dIfk]z x'g cfPsf] b]lvof] .

@= ;f] ;DaGwdf lg0f{otkm{ ljrf/ ubf{,oL jfbL k|ltjfbLx¿sf] lgDgfg';f/ k':tfjf/LePsf]df ljjfb b]lvPg M–

251251251251251

#= o;df plNnlvt k ':tfjf/Ltflnsfadf]lhd d"n k'?if -k|yd k':tf_ afnuf]ljGbdxtf] yf¿sf tLg 5f]/fx¿ -bf];|f] k':tf_ /fdb]jdxtf], t]hf dxtf], /fdaxfb'/ dxtf] ;d]tsf]hDdf c+z ug{' kg]{ hUuf ljufxf &#–!#–)ePsf]df ljjfb b]lvPg . pQm hUUff plNnlvttLg efOdWo] /fdb]jsf] kTgL /dgL, t]hf //fdaxfb'/sf] gfddf cnu–cnu & g+=kmfF6jf/Lel/Psf] s'/fdf klg ljjfb b]lvPg . plNnlvtbf];|f] k':tfaLr g} c+za08f gePsf]n] jfbL

bfjLadf]lhd c+z kfpFm eGg] ;'vnLb]jL ;d]thgf *n] bfjL lnPsf]df ;f] jfbL bfjLtkm{ ljrf/ubf{ & g+=kmfF6jf/Ladf]lhd /fdb]jsf] kTgL/dgLb]jLsf] gfddf hUuf ljufxf ̂ –!)–!^, t]hfdxtf]sf] cfˆgf] / 5f]/fsf] gfddf u/L hUufljufxf $#–!^–!$ / /fdaxfb'/ dxtf]sf] gfddfhUuf ljufxf @#–&–!$ cnu–cnu btf{ePsf]df ljjfb b]lvPg . To;}u/L t]hf dxtf]n]lghsf] efph" /fdb]jsf] kTgL /dgLb]jLnfO{ ldlt@)@!.*.& df hUuf kfl/t u/LlbPsf] lnvtdf

afnuf]ljGb dxtf] yf¿ -d"n k':tf_

/fdb]j dxtf] kTgL M /d'gL t]hf dxtf] k|ltjfbL_, kTgLM ;'vnLb]jL -jfbL_

-bf];|f] k':tf_

/fdaxfb'/ dxtf]

-bf];|f] k':tf_

clDasf kTgL M slnofb]jL -jfbL_

-bf];|f] k':tf_

a|Xdk|;fb -jfbL_, kTgL Mkfj{tL -k|ltjfbL_

-t];|f] k':tf_

/fdgf/fo0f -k|ltjfbL_

-t];|f] k':tf_

k|df]b -jfbL_ /fh]Zj/ -k|ltjfbL_ ;+ho -jfbL_

zlzsfGt -k|ltjfbL_ ljho -k|ltjfbL_ ;'lgn -jfbL_ clgn -k|ltjfbL_

pdfdfGt -jfbL_ sdn]z ljsf;s'df/ -jfbL_ ljgos'df/ -k|ltjfbL_

-t];|f] k':tf_



252252252252252

leGg ePsf] efO egL /fdaxfb'/ ;fIfL a;]sf]tYodf klg ljjfb b]lvPg . To;/L g} t]hfdxtf]n] lghsf 5f]/f clDasf dxtf]nfO{ @)@!.*.&df hUuf kfl/t ul/lbPsf] lnvtdf klg leGgePsf] efO egL /fdaxfb'/ ;fIfL a;]sf] tYodfklg ljjfb b]lvPg .

$= hxfF;Dd ;fIfL a:b}df c+z ePsf]dfGg ldNb}g eGg] jfbLx¿sf] ts{ Pj+ lhsL/ 5;f]] ;DaGwdf k|ltjfbL kfj{tLb]jL y?gL ;d]tsf]k|ltpQ/ lhsL/ x]bf{ /dgL, t]hf / /fdaxfb'/n]cnu–cnu & g+=kmfF6jf/L e/]sf] / pQm tLg}hgfn] cnu–cnu ! g+= kmf/d ebf{ /dgLb]jLn]cfˆgf] kl/jf/df t];|f] k':tfsf clDasf a;]sf]egL ;a}n] cf cfˆgf] cnu–cnu kfl/jfl/sljj/0f pNn]v ug'{ePsf] 5 . To;}u/L clDasfdxtf]n] cfˆgf] lktfsf] c+z glnO hLjgel//dgLb]jLsf] ;fydf a;L pxfFsf] c+z xs k|fKtug'{ePsf] tyf /dgLb]jLsf] c+z xs ef]u rngul/cfpg' ePsf]df pxfFsf] d[To'kl5 lghsf 5f]/fx¿k|ltjfbL /fh]Zj/ ;d]t lgh /dgLb]jLsf ;fydfa;L ;]jf 6xn u/L cfpFbf /dgLb]jLn] cfˆgf];Dk"0f{ hUuf clDasfsf 5f]/fx¿ rf}yf] k':tfsfk|df]bk|;fb, /fh]Zj/k|;fb / ;+hos'df/nfO{z]ifkl5sf] as;kq ul/lbg' ePsf] egL pNn]vu/]sf] b]lvG5 . clDasf /dgLb]jL;Fu ;fy;+uf]ndf a;]sf] eGg] plNnlvt k|ltjfbLlhsL/nfO{ jfbLx¿n] tYoo'Qm ¿kdf cGoyfeGg u/fpg ;s]sf] b]lv+b}g . To;}u/L bf];|f]k':tfsL /dgLb]jLn] clDasfsf 5f]/fx¿ rf}yf]k ' :tfsf k |df ]bk |;fb, /fh ]Zj/k |;fb /;+hos'df/nfO{ tyf t]hf dxtf]n] lghsf 5f]/fclDasf dxtf]nfO{ hUuf kfl/t u/L lbO{ x:tfGt/0ful/lbg'sf] cGo tYoo'Qm cfwf/ / sf/0f klgb]lv+b}g . To:t} bf];|f] k':tfsL /dgLb]jLn] rf}yf]k ' :tfsf k |df ]bk |;fb, /fh ]Zj/k |;fb /;+hos'df/nfO{ z]ifkl5sf] as;kq u/L hUuf

x:tfGt/0f ul/lbPsf] s'/fnfO{ klg c+z kfpFmeGg] jfbLx¿n] df}s}df cGoyf eGg u/fpg ;s]sf]klg b]lv+b}g .

%= plNnlvt tYox¿af6 x]bf{ t]hfdxtf]n] lghsf] efph" /fdb]jsf] kTgL /dgLb]jLtyf lgh t]hfsf] 5f]/f clDasf dxtf]nfO{ Pp6}ldlt @)@!.*.& df hUuf kfl/t ul/lbg' pQmlnvtdf leGg ePsf] efO egL /fdaxfb'/ ;fIfLa;]sf] b]lvg'sf] ;fy} bf];|f] k':tfsf c+lzof/fx¿n]cnu–cnu & g+= tyf ! g+= kmfF6jf/L el/ t];|f]k':tfsf clDasf bf];|f] k':tfsL /dgLb]jL;Fu a;]sf]/ bf];|f] k':tfsL /dgLb]jLn] rf}yf] k':tfsfk|df]bk|;fb, /fh]Zj/k|;fb / ;+hos'df/nfO{lgh:x¿n] kfng tfng tyf x]/rfx u/]sf] eGg]s}lkmot v'nfO{ z]ifkl5sf] as;kq u/L hUufx:tfGt/0f ul/lbPsf] tYo / ;f] nfO{ df}s}dfcGoyf eGg u/fpg ;s]sf] gb]lvPsf] cj:yf;d]taf6 plNnlvt k':t]jf/L tflnsfsf bf];|f]k':tfsf c+lzof/fx¿aLr Psfk;df cnu–cnuAojxf/ sf/f]jf/ u/]sf] b]lvg cfof] .

plNnlvt cnu–cnu Jojxf/ k|df0fsf;DaGwdf d'n'sL P]g c+za08fsf] #) g+= dflgDgfg';f/ Joj:yf u/]sf] b]lvG5 M–

.. #) g+= .. c+za08f ubf{ ;fIfL/fvL sfg"gadf]lhd a08f 5'6\ofO{a08fkqsf] sfuh v8f u/L lng]sf] /;fIfLsf] ;d]t ;lx5fk u/L /lhi6«]zgug'{ kg{]df ;f] u/L /fVg' k5{ . ;f]adf]lhdgePsf] a08f ;b/ x'Fb}g . t/ of] P]gk|f/De x'Fbf;Dddf a08fkq v8f u/L jfgu/L 3/;f/df g/d–u/d ldnfO{ crnc+za08f u/L 5'l§O{ cfˆgf] lx;fj efuzflGtadf]lhd lnO{ kfO{ bflvn vf/]h;d]t u/fO{ ;s]sf] jf a08fadf]lhd cfˆgf]efusf] crn 5'§f5'§} ef]u laqmL Jojxf/

253253253253253

u/]sf]df Jojxf/ k|df0faf6 a08f eO;s]sf]7x/]df kl5 a08fkq /lhi6«]zg ePsf]5}g jf a08f 36L a9L c;n sd;n eof]eGg kfpFb}g . /lhi6«]zg geP klg a08fePsf] ;b/ x'G5 . kfpg] c+zeGbf 36Lc+z hLpgL lnPsf]df / c+z 5f]8kqu/]sf]df eg] /lhi6«]zg ePsf] x'g'k5{ .

^= plNnlvt tYo tyf sfg"gL Joj:yfx]bf{ oL jfbL k|ltjfbLsf bf];|f] k':tfsf /fdb]jsf]kTgL /dgLb]jL, t]hf / /fdaxfb'/sf] aLrdf/Ltk"j{ssf] c+za08fsf] lnvt gePsf] jf hUuf36La9L ePsf] cyf{t t]hf dxtf]n] efph"/dgLb]jLnfO{ sd hUuf lbPsf] ePklg ;dfgc+lzof/aLr hUuf x:tfGt/0f ePsf] pQmJojxf/df csf{ ;dfg c+lzof/ /fdaxfb'/ leGgePsf] efO egL ;fIfL a;]sf] tyf plNnlvtcnu–cnu Joaxf/ k|df0f ePsf] b]lvPaf6 /;dfg c+lzof/aLr s'g} Pp6} dfkb08sf] cfwf/dfa/fa/ c+za08f ug'{kg]{ afWofTds sfg"gL Joj:yfgeO{ Psfk;df g/d u/d ldnfO{ c;n sd;n36a9L u/L Jofjxfl/s ¿kdf ldnfO{ c+za08fug{ ;Sg]g} b]lv+bf plNnlvt bf];|f] k':tfsfc+lzof/x¿aLr hUuf 36La9L ePsf] eGg] sf/0fn]dfq /Ltk"j{ssf] c+za08f ePsf] 5}g eGg ldNg]cj:yfsf] ljBdfgtf b]lvPg .

&= o; ;DaGwdf g]sfk @)^^, lg=g+=&@@&, k'g/fj]bs jfbL k'is/k|;fb jfUn] lj?4/fwfb]jL jfUn] pkfWofo ;d]t ePsf] c+z rngd'2fdf o; cbfntaf6, cfr/0faf6 a08f ePsf]s'/f c+lzof/n] :jLsfg]{ dfWod lnvt, cfk;LJojxf/, cfk;L sf/f]jf/, cnu–cnu jf;:yfg/ ;dosf] c:jfefljs cGt/fn x'g\ . oL tTjdWo]Ps jf PseGbf a9L cj:yfsf] ljBdfgtfn]c+za08fsf] #) g+=sf] cfjZostf k"/f ub{5 .o; s;Ldf hlt a9L tTjnfO{ k|df0fn] cËLsf/

ub{5 Tolt a9L Jojxf/ k|df0faf6 c+za08feO;s]sf] s'/fdf cbfnt lj:j:y x'g] egL ghL/l;4fGt k|ltkflbt e}/x]sf] tyf c+lzof/fx¿aLr ePsf] cnu–cnu Jojxf/ k|df0faf6c+za08f ePsf] b]lvPsf] cj:yfdf ;f] s'/fdfGo x'g] eGg] ;DaGwdf cGo ljleGg ghL/l;4fGtx¿ ;d]t sfod ePsf] b]lvG5 . o:tf]cj:yfdf pQm k|ltkflbt l;4fGt ljk/Lt x'g]u/L c+lzof/fx¿ aLrsf] cnu–cnu a;f]af;tyf oL jfbL k|ltjfbLx¿dWo] ljleGg JolQmx¿n]ljleGg ;dodf ljleGg JolQmx¿;Fu eP u/]sfcrn ;DklQsf] x:tfGt/0f;DaGwL Jojxf/nufotaf6 ;d]t nfdf] ;dosf] cGt/fnb]lvg}oL jfbL k|ltjfbLx¿ aLr cnu–cnu Jojxf/sf/f]af/ ePsf] b]lvPsf] cj:yfdf bf];|f] k':tfaLrcnu–cnu Jojxf/ ePsf] nfdf] ;dokZrft\s]jn c+za08fsf] kfl/t lnvt gePsf] eGg]lkm/fb bfjLsf] cfwf/df dfq c+za08f ePsf]5}g eGg] dfGg ldNg] cj:yfsf] ljBdfgtf b]lvPg .

*= o;/L @)@! ;fndf g} bf];|f] k':tfsftLghgf ;dfg c+lzof/fx¿n] cnu–cnu &g+= tyf ! g+=kmfF6jf/L e/L lghx¿dWo] b'O{c+lzof/faLr Psfk;df lnvt kfl/t u/L hUuf;d]t xs x:tfGt/0f u/L lng'lbg' u/]sf] / pQmlnvtdf ;dfg c+lzof/fdWo]sf] csf]{ c+lzof/fleGg ePsf] efO egL ;fIfL ;d]t a;L cnu–cnu Jojxf/ u/]sf] cj:yfdf lgs} nfdf] ;dos/Lj #& aif{ eGbf kl5 cfP/ lgh c+lzof/fx¿aLr c+za08f gePsf]n] c+za08f ul/kfpFm egLlghx¿ eGbf kl5sf] tx txsf k':tfn] bfjLlnPsf] s'/fnfO{ ;f]xL bfjLsf] cfwf/df dfqdfGotf lb+b} hfg] xf] eg] slxNo} klg ljjfbsf]cGTo gx'g] kl/l:yltsf] l;h{gf x'ghfg] x'G5 .cyf{t\ o:tf] cj:yfdf ljjfb lg¿k0fsf]lglZrttf g} gx'g] cj:yf pTkGg x'G5 . cbfntn]sfg"gsf] JofVof ubf{ o:tf] clglZrttfsf] a9fjf



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x'g] u/L AofVof ug{ x'Fb}g . cbfntn] sfg"gsf]AofVof ubf{ ljjfbsf] lg¿k0f x'g] u/L l;hgfTdsAofVof ug'{kb{5 . d'n'sL P]g c+za08fsf] #)g+=n] u/]sf] sfg"gL Joj:yfsf] p2]Zo klg olx g}b]lvG5 . d'2fsf kIfx¿sf] aLr ;do ;dodfePsf ljleGg 36gfqmdaf6 g} cnu–cnuJojxf/ ePsf] tYo :yflkt x'g] x'Fbf To;/Lcnu–cnu Jojxf/ tyf sf/f]jf/ ePsf] b]lvg'g} c+za08f ePsf] s'/fdf cbfnt ljZj:y x'g]cfwf/ x'G5 . c+za08fsf] #) g+=sf] sfg"gLJoj:yfn] u/]sf] k|Tofe"tL klg oxL g} xf] .

(= To;}u/L k|:t't d'2fdf * hgfjfbLx¿dWo] slnofb]jL, k|df]b / ;+hos'df/tyf a|Xdk|;fb dxtf] ;d]t hgf $ n] lng]/fdaxfb'/ dxtf] / lbg] t]hf dxtf] ePsf] ldlt@)@!.#.!#, /=g+=&$#&* sf] kfl/t /fhLgfdfdfldlt @)@(.$.!(df e"ld k|zf;g sfof{noaf6ePsf] lg0f{on] ;d]t xfd|f] d"n c+lzof/x¿/fdaxfb'/, t]hf / /dgLb]jLsf] aLrdf ldlt@)@! ;fn k"j{ g} c+za08f e};s]sf] k|dfl0ft e}/x]sf]n] k'gM c+za08f ug]{ u/L z'? k;f{ lhNnfcbfntaf6 ePsf] km};nf plN6 ul/kfpFm egLk'g/fj]bg cbfnt x]6f}+8fdf lnlvt k|ltjfb u/]sf]b]lvPsf] cj:yfaf6 ;d]t oL c+lzof/f jfbLx¿dWo]sf bfh'efOx¿ aLr g} lj/f]wfefifk"0f{ egfO{/x]sf] b]lvof] . dfly ljj]rgf ul/Psf] tYo tyfsfg"gL Joj:yfx¿sf] ;fy} jfbLx¿dWo]sfbfh'efOx¿ aLr b]lvPsf] pQm lj/f]wfefifk"0f{egfOn] klg oL jfbL k|ltjfbLx¿sf bf];|f] k':tfsfd"n c+lzof/fx¿aLr c+za08f eO{ ;s]sf] /x]g5eGg] cj:yfsf] ljBdfgtf b]lvg cfPg .

!)= ctM dfly plNnlvt sfg"gLJoj:yf, tYo tyf k|df0fx¿sf] ljj]rgfaf6 oLjfbLx¿sf d"n k':tfx¿aLr c+za08f ePsf]b]lvPsf] cj:yf x'Fbf pdfsfGt rf}w/L ;d]tsfrf}yf] tyf t];|f] k':tfsf oL jfbLx¿n] ;d'Rr¿kdf

plNnlvt bf];|f] k':tfsf d"n c+lzof/fx¿af6c+z kfpg] cj:yfsf] ljBdfgtf b]lvPg .

!!= jfbLx¿ a|Xdk|;fb, slnofb]jL, k|df]b,;~ho ;d]tn] xfdLx¿sf] cl3Nnf] k':tfx¿ t]hf,/dgL, / /fdaxfb'/ dxtf]x¿jLr g} c+za08fe};s]sf] x'Fbf a08f ug{ afFsL g/x]sf]n] xfdLx¿n]z'?b]lv g} k|:t't d'2fsf] tfl/v u'hf/L a;]sf] egLk'g/fj]bg cbfnt x]6f}F8fdf lnlvt k|ltjfb u/]sf]b]lvPsf]n] lghx¿sf] xsdf plNnlvt cl3Nnf]k':tf afx]s cf–cfˆgf] k':tf / xfFufaf6 c+zkfpg kg]{ eP To:tf] bfjL lnPsf avtsfg"gadf]lhd c+za08f u/L lng kfpg] g} x'FbfTo;tkm{ k|:t't d'2fdf s]xL af]ln/xg k/]g .hxfF;Dd jfbLx¿ pdfsfGt / ljsf; rf}w/Ln]lghx¿sf] afa' k|ltjfbL /fdgf/fo0f jf efO ljgonufot cfˆgf xfFufsf cGo bfh'efOx¿af6 c+zkfpg' kg]{ eP To:tf] bfjL lnO{ ;a"b k|df0f ;lxtc+zdf bfjL lng ;Sg] / c+z gkfPsf] eP cf–cfˆgf] xf Fuf / k':tfsf c+lzof/fx¿af6sfg"gadf]lhd c+za08f u/L kfpg] g} x'Fbf k|:t'td'2fdf plNnlvt cfwf/ k|df0fx¿af6 c+za08fsf]kfl/t lnvt gePsf] eGg] cfwf/ / sf/0faf6dfq lkm/fb bfjLadf]lhd tflnsfdf plNnlvtt]hf dxtf] ;d]tsf bf];|f] k':tfaf6 ;d]t c+zkfpFm eGg] jfbL bfjL k'Ug ;Sg] b]lvPg . t;y{bf];|f] k':tfx¿aLr g} c+za08f gePsf]n] ;f] k':tftyf lghx¿sf] xfFufsf c+lzof/fx¿ ;d]taf6c+z kfpFm egL lnPsf] c+ztkm{sf] jfbL bfjL k'Ugg;Sg] 7x/ ug{'kg]{df ;f] gu/L jfbL bfjLcg';f/;d'Rr bf];|f] k':tf tyf lghx¿sf] cnu–cnuxfFufaf6;d]t c+za08f nfUg] 7x/ u/]sf] z'? k;f{lhNnf cbfntsf] ldlt @)^@.#.!^sf] km};nf ;b/ug]{ u/]sf] k'g/fj]bg cbfnt x]6f}F8fsf] ldlt@)^$.(.@( sf] km};nf ldn]sf] gb]lvPsf]n] pQmb'j} km};nf pN6L x'g] 7x5{ . ;f] 7x/]sfn] c?dftk;Lnadf]lhd ug"{M

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tk;Ln

dfly 7x/ v08df n]lvPadf]lhd z'?lhNnf cbfnt tyf k'g/fj]bg cbfntsf] km};nfpN6L x'g] 7x/]sfn] k|:t't d'2fdf z'? cbfntn]u/]sf] km};nf sfof{Gjogsf] lgldQ /fv]sf] ;Dk"0f{nut s§f ug'{ egL z'? k;f{ lhNnf cbfntdfn]vL k7fOlbg" == !

k|:t't d'2fdf k'g/fj]bs k|ltjfbLx¿kfj{tLb]jL y?gL, zzLsfGt rf}w/L, cgLn rf}w/L/ ljho dxtf]n] o; cbfntdf k'g/fj]bg ubf{ldlt @)^&.#.#! df /=g+= ##&%@ sf] gubL/l;baf6 ?=#(#^.– o; cbfntdf / k'g/fj]bgcbfnt x]6f}+8fdf k'g/fj]bg ubf{ ldlt @)^@.&.!df /=g+= #(!!* sf] gubL /l;baf6 k;f{ lhNnfcbfntdf ?=!&#(.– k'g/fj]bg ubf{ nfUg] yk!% k|ltzt sf]6{kmLafkt bflvn u/]sf] b]lv+bfjfbL bfjL k'Ug g;Sg] 7x/ ePsf]n] pQm /sdlghx¿n] jfbLx¿af6 e/fO{ lng kfpg] x'FbfplNnlvt /sd e/fO{kfpFm egL P]gsf Dofbleqlgj ]bg lbP sfg "gadf ] lhd u/L lghk|ltjfbLx¿nfO{ e/fO{lbg' egL z'? k;f{ lhNnfcbfntdf n]vL k7fO{ lbg" ======= !

k|:t't d'2fdf k'g/fj]bs k|ltjfbLx¿kfj{tLb]jL y?gL, zzLsfGt rf}w/L, cgLn rf}w/L/ ljho dxtf]n] k'g/fj]bg cbfnt x]6f}+8fdfk'g/fj]bg ubf{ ldlt @)^@.&.! df /=g+= *@)sf]w/f }6L /l;baf6 k;f { lhNnf cbfntdf?=!!%(@.** sf]6{kmL w/f}6L /fv]sf] b]lv+bf jfbLbfjL k 'Ug g;Sg] 7x/ ]sf ]n ] pQm /sdk|ltjfbLx¿n] lkmtf{ kfpg] x'Fbf pQm /sdlkmtf{kfpFm egL P]gsf Dofbleq lgj]bg lbPsfg"gadf]lhd u/L lgh k'g/fj]bs k|ltjfbLx¿nfO{lkmtf{ lbg' egL z'? k;f{ lhNnf cbfntdf n]vLk7fOlbg" =========== !

k|:t't d'2fdf k'g/fj]bs k|ltjfbL /fh]Zj/dxtf]n] o; cbfntdf k'g/fj]bg ubf{ ldlt@)^^.!).@& df /=g+= !*&)% sf] gubL /l;baf6?=#,(!#.– o; cbfntdf / k'g/fj]bg cbfntx]6f}+8fdf k'g/fj]bg ubf{ ldlt @)^@.&.! df/=g+= #(!!( sf] gubL /l;baf6 k;f{ lhNnfcbfntdf ?=$#(.&# k'g/fj]bg ubf{ nfUg] !%k|ltzt sf]6{kmL bflvn u/]sf] b]lvFbf jfbL bfjLk'Ug g;Sg] 7x/ ePsf]n] pQm /sd lghn]jfbLx¿af6 e/fO{ lng kfpg] x'Fbf plNnlvt/sd e/fO{ kfpFm egL P]gsf Dofbleq lgj]bglbP sfg"gadf]lhd u/L lgh k|ltjfbL /fh]Zj/dxtf]nfO{ e/fO{ lbg' egL z'? k;f{ lhNnfcbfntdf n]vL k7fO{ lbg" ====!

k|:t't d'2fdf k'g/fj]bs k|ltjfbL /fh]Zj/dxtf]n] k'g/fj]bg cbfnt x]6f}+8fdf k'g/fj]bgubf{ ldlt @)^@.&.! df /=g+= *@! sf] w/f}6L/l;baf6 ?=@*(*.@@ k;f{ lhNnf cbfntdfsf]6{kmL w/f}6L /fv]sf] b]lv+bf jfbL bfjL k'Ugg;Sg] 7x/]sf]n] pQm /sd lghn] lkmtf{ kfpg]x'Fbf pQm /sd lkmtf{kfpFm egL P]gsf Dofbleqlgj]bg lbP sfg"gadf]lhd u/L lgh /fh]Zj/dxtf]nfO{ lkmtf{ lbg' egL z'? k;f{ lhNnfcbfntdf n]vL k7fOlbg" ================= !

k|:t't d'2fdf o; cbfntsf] k'g/fj]bgbfo/Lsf] nut sf6L ldl;n lgodfg';f/ u/La'emfO{ lbg" .


Gof=sdngf/fo0f bf;

Olt ;+jt\ @)^( ;fn d+l;/ !@ ut] /f]h # z'ed\–Ohnf; clws[tM– pk]Gb|k|;fb uf}td

&&&&&



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lg0f{o g+=*(^% lg0f{o g+=*(^% lg0f{o g+=*(^% lg0f{o g+=*(^% lg0f{o g+=*(^%

;jf]{Rr cbfnt, ;+o'Qm Ohnf;dfggLo GofofwLz >L /fds'df/ k|;fb zfx

dfggLo GofofwLz >L sNof0f >]i7)^(–WO–)##$

cfb]z ldltM @)^(.(.@(.!

ljifoM pTk|]if0f .

lgj]bsM sfe] |knf~rf ]s lhNnf, sfgk'/uf=lj=;=j8f g++ ! 3/ eO{ xfn sf7df8f}+lhNnf, sf7df8f}+ dxfgu/kflnsf j8fg+= $ w'Djf/fxL a:g] g]kfn ;/sf/sf];lrj kbaf6 cjsfz k|fKt Zofdk|;fbd}gfnL

lj¿4ljkIfLM g]kfn ;/sf/, dlGqkl/ifb\, k|wfgdGqL

tyf dlGqkl/ifb\sf] sfof{no ;d]t

§ cjsfz kfO;s]sf] sd{rf/Lsf xsdfcfr/0f;DaGwL Joj:yfn] lgodg /lgoGq0f ug{ gldNg] .

-k|s/0f g+=$_§ c;xdtLx¿sf aLr ;xdtL /

k|lt:kwf{Tds ;f]rx¿nfO{ ;xsfl/tfdfkl/0ft ug{ /rgfTds ;f]r / ;+:sf/ljsf; u/L ;j{:jLsfo{ jftfj/0f v8fug{ x/]sn] d2t ug{'kg]{ x'G5 . lgj]bssf]c;Gt'li6 plrt jf cg'lrt h] nfu]klg slDtdf d'Vo /f]huf/bftfsf]x}l;otdf g]kfn ;/sf/n] lgj]bsk|lttLj| cfqmf]z / abnfsf] efj k|bz{g ug{gldNg] .

-k|s/0f g+=%_

§ lghfdtL ;]jfdf nfdf] ;do;Dd sfdu/L ;]jfaf6 aflxl/Fbf cfˆgf] cg'ej /sfo{z}nLsf af/]df ul/Psf] l6Kk0fLn]sfg"gsf] pNn+3g ePsf] cj:yfdf afx]scfkm}df cfklQhgs klg x'Fb}g . ;/sf/;du| /fHosf] cleefjs klg ePsf]n]cfˆgf af/]df ul/Psf] l6Kk0fL ck|LoeP klg ;'Gg ;Sg'kg]{ x'G5 . To:tf]df;/sf/ jbnfd'vL x'g jf x:tIf]ksf/Lx'g gldNg] .

-k|s/0f g+=^_§ clen]v /fVg'kg]{ jf /fVg ;Sg] sfg"g

axfn g/x]sf] cj:yfdf lgj]bssf] gfdclen]vdf /fVg] egL ul/Psf] lg0f{o /tt\;DaGwL kq ;d]t sfg"g;+utgb]lvg] .

-k|s/0f g+=*_§ eljiodf lbg ;lsg] s'g} lhDd]jf/LnfO{

k|efljt ug]{ p2]Zon] sf/jfxL jf;hfo:j¿k To:tf] clen]vaå ug{vf]h]sf] xf] eg] Tof] lgj]bssf] lj?4sf]gsf/fTds sf/jfxLsf] :yfgdf /xG5 .o:tf] ;hfo ;/xsf] kl/0ffd l;h{gfug { ] xf ] eg ] k | fs [ lts Gofosf ]l;4fGtadf]lhd ;kmfOsf] df}sfsf]cfjZostf /xg ] x 'gfn ] To:tf ]df}sfa]u/sf] clen]vdf hgfpg] sfo{af~5gLo / sfg"g;+ut dfGg gldNg] .

-k|s/0f g+=(_

lgj]bstkm{af6M ljåfg jl/i7 clwjQmfx¿/fdhLk|;fb d}gfnL, ljZjsfGt d}gfnL,xl/x/ bfxfn, /fdgfy d}gfnL Pj+ ljåfgclwjQmf z]/axfb'/ s]=;L=

k|ToyL{ tkm{af6M ljåfg ;xGofoflwjQmf dx]zzdf{ kf}8]n

257257257257257

cjnlDat ghL/M;Da4 sfg"gM§ lghfdtL ;]jf P]g, @)$( sf] bkmf $%


;+ljwfg, @)^# sf] wf/f #@ tyf !)&-@_ adf]lhdo; cbfntdf bfo/ x'g cfPsf] k|:t't l/6lgj]bgsf] ;+lIfKt tYo / 7x/ o; k|sf/ 5 M–

d lgj]bs ldlt @)^$.^.@$ b]lv g]kfn;/sf/sf] ;lrj kbdf a9'jf k|fKt u/L ljleGgdGqfnosf] ;lrjsf] ¿kdf ;]jf ug]{ cj;/k|fKt u/L cGtdf cjsfz lng] ;dodf nf]s;]jf cfof]usf] ;lrj kbdf sfo{/t /x]sf] lyPF .

o;} qmddf d lgj]bs;d]t g]kfn;/sf/sf] d'Vo ;lrj kbsf] pd]bjf/ /x]sf]dfjl/i7tfnfO{ Wofg glbO{ ;/sf/n] nLnfdl0fkf}8]nnfO{ d'Vo ;lrjdf a9'jf u/]sf]n] ;f] a9'jfk|lqmofdf lgikIftf sfod x'g g;s]sf] dx;";u/L d lgj]bsn] ldlt @)^(.$.!& b]lv nfu"x'g] u/L cfˆgf] kbaf6 /fhLgfdf :jLs[t ul/kfpFmegL /fhLgfdf k|:t't u/]sf]df ljleGg ;~rf/dfWod;Fu ;Da4 kqsf/x¿n] /fhLgfdfsf] af/]dfd lgj]bs;Fu lh1f;f /fv]sf]n] ;f]xL lbgkqsf/x¿ ;fd' /fhLgfdf lbg'kg]{ sf/0f /cf}lrTosf] af/]df ;fdfGo ¿kdf ;fj{hlgsLs/0fu/]sf] lyPF . d}n] lbPsf] /fhLgfdf g]kfn ;/sf/sf]ldlt @)^(.$.!& sf] lg0f{ofg';f/ ldlt@)^(.$.!& b]lv nfu" x'g] u/L :jLs[t ePsf]eGg] hfgsf/L dnfO{ ldlt @)^(.$.@* df k|fKtePkZrft\ g]kfn ;/sf/sf] ;]jfaf6 cjsfzk|fKt u/L a;]sf]df ænf]s;]jf cfof]usf ;lrjZofdk|;fb d}gfnLn] ldlt @)^(.$.!^ df cfˆgf]kbaf6 lbg' ePsf] /fhLgfdf lgj]bg ækbLodof{bf / lghfdtL sd{rf/Lsf] cfr/0fsf] k|lts"nx'g] u/L kqsf/ ;Dd]ngdfkm{t\ clt/l~ht 9+Ën]

k|rf/ k|;f/df NofPsf] ljifonfO{ uDeL/tfk"j{slnO{ lghsf] gfd clen]vdf /fvL lghsf]/fhLgfdf ldlt @)^(.$.!& b]lv nfu" x'g] u/L:jLs[t ug]{Æ egL k|ToyL{ d'Vo ;lrjn] k|wfgdGqLtyf dlGqkl/ifb\sf] sfof{nonfO{ n]v]sf] af]wfy{kq dnfO{ k|fKt x'g cfof] .

j:t'tM d lgj]bsn] kqsf/ ;Dd]ngu/L kbLo dof{bf / lghfdtL sd{rf/Lsf] cfr/0fsf]k|lts"n sfo{ u/]sf] xf] eg] /fhLgfdf :jLs[tug'{eGbf k"j{ d lgj]bs g]kfn ;/sf/sf] ;]jfdf5Fb} lghfdtL ;]jf P]g, @)$( cGtu{t sf/jfxLug{ ;Sg' kb{Yof] . ;]jfaf6 lgj[Q ePkl5 e"tk"j{e};s]sf] sd{rf/Lpk/ lghfdtL sd{rf/Lsf]cfr/0fsf] k|lts"n u/]sf] eGg] cf/f]k nufO{ljefuLo sf/jfxL ug{ ldNb}g . ;f] sf/jfxL ubf{k|ltjfb ug]{ df}sf g} glbO{ k|fs[lts Gofosf]l;4fGtljk/Lt dnfO{ bf]ifL 7x¥ofO{ lg0f{o ul/Psf]cj:yf 5 .

d lgj]bs ̂ % jif{ gk'u'Gh]n;Dd ljleGg;+j}wflgs lgsfox¿df lgo'lQm x'g ;Sg] / /fHosf];]jf ug]{ cj;/ kfpg ;Sg] k|jn ;Defjgf;d]t/x]sf] x'Fbf ;f] cj;/ kfpg] xsaf6 ;d]t al~rtu/fpg] ablgotaf6 k|]l/t eO{ k|ToyL{x¿af6 dlgj]bspk/ ul/Psf] lg0f{o / sfdsf/jfxLaf6g]kfnsf] cGtl/d ;+ljwfg, @)^# sf] wf/f !@-#_-r_ åf/f k|bQ d lgj]bssf] k]zf /f]huf/ ug{kfpg] tyf wf/f !# åf/f k|bQ ;dfgtfsf] xsdfcf3ft k'Ug uO{ lghfdtL ;]jf P]g, @)$(;d]tsf] k|lts"n ePsf]n] k|ToyL{ g]kfn ;/sf/dlGqkl/ifb\n] d lgj]bsn] kbLo dof{bf /cfr/0fsf] k|lts"n x'g] sfd u/]sf] egL clen]v/fVg] u/]sf] ldlt @)^(.$.!& sf] lg0f{o /;f]cg';f/ ldlt @)^(.$.!& sf] r=g+= @&^ sf]kq ;d]t pTk|]if0fsf] cfb]zåf/f ab/ u/L cf3ftLtxssf] ;+/If0f / k|rng ul/kfpFm eGg] Joxf]/fsf]l/6 lgj]bg .

*(^% –*(^% –*(^% –*(^% –*(^% – Zofdk|;fb d}gfnL lj= k|wfgdGqL tyf dlGqkl/ifb\sf] sfof{no ;d]t


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o;df s] s;f] ePsf] xf] < lgj]bssf]dfuadf]lhdsf] cfb]z lsg hf/L x'g gkg]{ xf] <cfb]z hf/L x'g' gkg]{ s'g} cfwf/ / sf/0f ePaf6fsf ] Dofb afx ]s !% lbgleqdxfGofoflwjQmfsf] sfof{nodfkm{t\ lnlvt hjfkmk]z ug'{ egL lgj]bg / of] cfb]zsf] k|ltlnlk;d]t ;fy} /fvL ljkIfLx¿sf gfpFdf ;"rgfDofb k7fO{ lnlvt hjfkm cfPkl5 jf cjlwgf3]kl5 lgodfg';f/ k]z ug'{ . ;fy} lgj]bsn]p7fPsf ljifoj:t'sf] uDeL/tfnfO{ ljrf/ ubf{of] l/6 lgj]bg rfF8f] lsgf/f x'g af~5gLob]lvPsf]n] ;jf]{Rr cbfnt lgodfjnL, @)$(sf] lgod ̂ #-#_-r%_ adf]lhd k|:t't l/6 lgj]bgdfcu|flwsf/ k|bfg ul/Psf] 5 . lgodfg';f/ k]zug'{ eGg] o; cbfnt Ps GofofwLzsf] Ohnf;sf]cfb]z .

lgj]bs nfdf] ;do;Dd lghfdtL;]jfdf sfo{/t /xL g]kfn ;/sf/, dlGqkl/ifb\sf]ldlt @)^(.$.!& sf] lg0f{oaf6 g]kfn ;/sf/sf];lrj h:tf] ul/dfdo Pj+ g]t[TjbfoL kbaf6cjsfz kfPsf] JolQm x'g'x'G5 . l g j ] b s n ]kqsf/ ;Dd]ngdfkm{t\ cleJoQm u/]sf] s'/flghfdtL ;]jf P]g, @)$( Pj+ lghfdtL ;]jfsfsd{rf/Lsf] cfr/0f;DaGwL lgodfjnL, @)^%df plNnlvt Joj:yfx¿sf] k|lts"n 5 . ;f]kqsf/ ;Dd]ng ug{ ljkIfL lgj]bsnfO{ s],s'g sfg"gn] clwsf/ lbPsf] xf] eGg] s'/flgj]bgdf pNn]v ePsf] 5}g . d'n'ssf] eljiolgwf{/0f ug]{ dxTjk"0f{ lghfdtL k|zf;gnfO{:jtGq, ;Ifd, k|ltj4, dof{lbt / cg'zfl;t/fVg' ;/sf/sf] bfloTj xf] . ljkIfLn] bfjLlng'ePsf] g]kfn ;/sf/, dlGqkl/ifb\sf] ldlt@)^(.$.!& sf] lg0f{o lghfdtL sd{rf/LnfO{lghfdtL ;]jf;DaGwL P]g / lgoddf eP u/]sfcfr/0f;DaGwL Joj:yfx¿sf] kfngf u/fO{cg'zfl;t / dof{lbt u/fpgsf nflu ul/Psf]

lg0f{o xf] . ;f] lg0f{oaf6 ;+ljwfgsf] wf/f !@-#_-r_ åf/f k|bQ lgj]bssf] k]zf / /f]huf/ ug]{xs / wf/f !# åf/f k|bQ ;dfgtfsf] xsdfs'g} lsl;dsf] k|ltaGw, ;Ldf / cÍ'z gnfu]sf]x'Fbf pQm lg0f{o ab/ x'g' kg]{ s'g} cfwf/ /sf/0f ljBdfg gx'Fbf l/6 lgj]bg vf/]h ul/kfpFmeGg] k|wfgdGqL tyf dlGqkl/ifb\sf] sfof{nosfsf=d'=;lrj /fh'dfg l;+x dNnsf] lnlvthjfkm .

ljkIfL lgj]bs nfdf] ;do;Dd lghfdtL;]jfdf sfo{/t\ /xL g]kfn ;/sf/, dlGqkl/ifb\sf]ldlt @)^(.$.!& sf] lg0f{on] ;lrj kbaf6cjsfz lng' ePsf] xf] . lgj]bsn] /fhLgfdflbPkZrft\ kbLo dof{bfsf] pNn+3g u/L kqsf/;Dd]ngdfkm{t\ ;/sf/sf] cfnf]rgf u/]sf],lghfdtL ;]jfsf] dof{bf / ul/dfdf cfFr cfpg]u/L sfo{ u/]sf] / pQm sfo{ lghfdtL ;]jf P]g,@)$( Pj+ lghfdtL ;]jfsf sd{rf/Lsf]cfr/0f;DaGwL lgodfjnL, @)^% df plNnlvtJoj:yfx¿sf] k|lts"n /x]sf] :ki6 5 . ;f] kqsf/;Dd]ng ug{ ljkIfL lgj]bsnfO{ s], s'g sfg"gn]clwsf/ lbPsf] xf] < eGg] s'/fdf lgj]bgdfpNn]v ePsf] 5}g . lgj]bsn] lghfdtL sd{rf/Ln]kfngf ug'{kg]{ cfr/0f;DaGwL s'/fsf] kfngfgu/L ;/sf/ / ;/sf/L sfdsf] cfnf]rgf u/]sf]s'/f k'li6 x'G5 . lghfdtL ;]jf g]kfn ;/sf/sf]k|d'v k|zf;lgs cË x'g'sf ;fy} o;sf] ;kmntf/ c;kmntf;Fu d'n'ssf] eljio ;d]t hf]l8Psf]5 . d'n'ssf] eljio lgwf{/0f ug]{ olt dxTjk"0f{lghfdtL k|zf;gnfO{ :jtGq, ;Ifd, k|ltj4dof{lbt / cg'zfl;t /fVg' ;/sf/sf] bfloTjxf ] . pko' {Qm kl/k| ]Iodf g]kfn ;/sf/,dlGqkl/ifb\n] ldlt @)^(.$.!& df lghfdtL;]jf;DaGwL P]g / lgoddf eP, u/]sfcfr/0f;DaGwL Joj:yfx¿sf] kfngf u/fO{lghfdtL ;]jfnfO{ cg'zfl;t / dof{lbt ;]jf

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agfpg] p2]Zo lnO{ lgj]bssf] xsdf lg0f{oul/Psf] xf] . ctM pk/f]Qm cfwf/ / sf/0f ;d]taf6dfuadf]lhdsf] cfb]z hf/L x'g g;Sg] ePsf]n]l/6 lgj]bg vf/]h ul/kfpFm eGg] k|wfgdGqL /g]kfn ;/sf/ dlGqkl/ifb\, ;+j}wflgs kl/ifb\ /cfˆgf] xsdf ;d]t g]kfn ;/sf/sf d'Vo ;lrjnLnfdl0f kf}8]nsf] Ps} ldnfgsf] 5'§f5'§} lnlvthjfkm .

lgod adf]lhd b}lgs d'2f k]zL ;"rLdfr9L lg0f{ofy{ k]z x'g cfPsf] k|:t't l/6 lgj]bgsf]cWoog u/L l/6 lgj]bstkm{af6 jl/i7clwjQmfx¿ /fdhLk|;fb d}gfnL, ljZjsfGtd}gfnL, xl/x/ bfxfn, /fdgfy d}gfnL Pj+clwjQmf z]/axfb'/ s]=;L= n] ;/sf/af6lgj]bseGbf slgi7 JolQmnfO{ d'Vo ;lrjsf]lhDd]jf/L lbOPsf] / slgi7 JolQmsf] dftxtdf/xL sfd ug{ lgj]bsnfO{ c;xh ePsf] sf/0fn]ubf{ ldlt @)^(÷$÷!& b]lv nfu" x'g] u/Llghn] /fhLgfdf lbPsf], /fhLgfdf lbPkZrft\;f]sf] af/]df kqsf/x¿n] lh1f;f /fVbf lgj]bsn]/fhLgfdf lbg' k/]sf] sf/0f / cf}lrTosf af/]dfkqsf/x¿nfO{ ;fdfGo ¿kdf hfgsf/L;Ddu/fPsf], lgj]bsn] lbPsf] /fhLgfdf ldlt@)^(÷$÷!& b]lv nfu" x'g] u/L :jLs[t e};f]sf] kq ;d]t k|fKt u/L ;]jfaf6 cjsfzk|fKt ul/;s]sf] cj:yf 5 . lgj]bsn] lbPsf]/fhLgfdf ldlt @)^(÷$÷!& df :jLs[t e}r=g+= @@% sf] kq k|fKt ul/;s]kl5 lghsf]lghfdtL sd{rf/Lsf] x}l;ot :jtM ;dfKt e};s]sf]cj:yfdf kqsf/ ;Dd]ngdfkm{t\ lghfdtLsd{rf/Lsf] kbLo dof{bf / cfr/0fljk/Lt x'g]sfdsf/jfxL u/]sf]n] ;f]sf] clen]v /fVg] u/Llgj]bssf] /fhLgfdf :jLs[t ul/Psf] egLlgj]bsnfO{ k'gM r=g+= @&^ sf] kq k7fOPsf]n]pQm kq Pj+ tt\;DaGwL lg0f{o k"jf{u|xL /xg'sf];fy} sfg"gljk/Ltsf] x'Fbf lgj]bsnfO{ lbOPsf]

ldlt @)^(÷$÷!& sf] r=g+= @&^ sf] kq;d]t pTk|]if0fsf] cfb]zåf/f ab/ ul/kfpFm egLax; ug'{eof] .

k|ToyL{ k|wfgdGqL tyf dlGqkl/ifb\sf]s fof {no ;d ]tsf ] tkm {a f6 ljåfg;xGofoflwjQmf dx]z zdf{ kf}8]nn] l/6 lgj]bsn]lghfdtL ;]jf P]g, @)$( sf] bkmf $% dfplNnlvt cfr/0f;DaGwL Joj:yf / ;'zf;g -Joj:yfkg tyf ;~rfng_ P]g, @)^$ sf]bkmf $$ adf]lhd hf/L ePsf] lghfdtL ;]jfsfsd{rf/Lsf] cfr/0f;DaGwL lgodfjnL, @)^%df plNnlvt cfr/0f;DaGwL lgodsf] k|lts"nx'g] u/L kqsf/ ;Dd]ngdfkm{t\ kbLo dof{bf /lghfdtL sd{rf/Lsf] cfr/0f;DaGwL lgodsf]pNn+3g u/L lghfdtL ;]jfsf] dof{bfdf cfFrcfpg] sfd u/]sf], kbLo dof{bf pNn+3g u/Llgj]bsn] ;/sf/sf] cfnf]rgf ;d]t u/]sf], ;f]ug]{ clwsf/ lgj]bsnfO{ gePsf]n] lgj]bssf]xsdf ePsf] sfdsf/jfxL sfg"g;Ddt\ g} x'Fbfl/6 lgj]bg vf/]h ul/kfpFm egL ug'{ePsf]ax; ;d]t ;'lgof] .

b'j} kIfsf sfg"g Joj;foLx¿sf] ax;;'gL ldl;n ;d]t cWoog u/L k|:t't l/6dflg0f{otkm{ ljrf/ ubf{ lgj]bsn] /fhLgfdfnfO{kqsf/ ;Dd]ngdfkm {t clt/l~ht 9+un]k|rf/k|;f/df NofPsf] ljifonfO{ uDeL/tfk"j{slnO{ lghsf] gfd clen]vdf /fVg] egL ul/Psf]lg0f{o / tt\;DaGwL kq sfg"gadf]lhdsf 5g\5}gg\ / lgj]bssf] dfuadf]lhdsf] cfb]z hf/Lx'g'kg]{ xf] xf]Og tt\;DaGwdf lg0f{o lbg'kg]{b]lvof] .

lgj]bsn] cfkm"eGbf slgi7 JolQmnfO{d'Vo ;lrjsf] lhDd]jf/L lbPsf sf/0f lghfdtL;]jfdf /xL sfd ug]{ OR5f gePsf] egL cfˆgf]kbaf6 /fhLgfdf lbPsf], tt\kZrft\ /fhLgfdfsf;DaGwdf kqsf/n] /fv]sf] lh1f;f ;fdfGo ¿kdf



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d]6fpg] sfd;Dd u/]sf], pQm /fhLgfdf ldlt@)^(÷$÷!& b]lv nfu" x'g] u/L :jLs[t e};f]xL ldltdf r=g+= @@% sf] kqåf/f /fhLgfdf:jLs[ltsf] kq k|fKt u/L cjsfz lnO{ ;s]sf]dflghfdtL sd{rf/Lsf] cfr/0fljk/Lt kqsf/;Dd]ngdfkm{t /fhLgfdfsf] ljifonfO{ clt/l~htu/fPsf]n] ;f]sf] clen]v /fVg] u/L /fhLgfdf:jLs [t ug ] { egL dlGqkl/i fb \n ] ldlt@)^(÷$÷!& df u/]sf] lg0f{o / ;f]xL ldltdfdnfO{ k]|lift ul/Psf] r=g+= @&^ sf] kq ;d]tpTk]|if0fsf] cfb]zåf/f ab/ ul/kfpFm egL dfuu/]sf] b]lvG5 .

@= lg0f{otkm{ ljrf/ ubf{ lgj]bs g]kfn;/sf/sf] /fhkqf+lÍt ljlzi7 >]0fLsf] ;lrjkbdf sfo{/t /x]s} cj:yfdf g]kfn ;/sf/n]ldlt @)^(÷$÷!$ df nLnfdl0f kf}8]nnfO{d'Vo ;lrjsf] lhDd]jf/L k|bfg ug]{ lg0f{o u/]sf]b]lvG5 . cfk"meGbf slgi7 d'Vo ;lrj dftxtsfdsfh ug{ c;xh x'g] eO{ lghfdtL ;]jfaf6cjsfz lng] OR5f ePsf] egL lgj]bsn] cfˆgf]kbaf6 lbPsf] /fhLgfdf dlGqkl/ifb\sf] ldlt@)^(÷$÷!& sf] lg0f{ofg';f/ ;f]xL ldltaf6nfu" x'g] u/L :jLs[t ePsf] eGg] k|wfgdGqLtyf dlGqkl/ifb\sf] sfof{non] lgj]bsnfO{ ldlt@)^(÷$÷!& df lbPsf] r=g+= @@% sf] kqåf/fb]lvG5 . o;cl3 lgj]bsn] cfk"m ;]jfaf6 cjsfzlng'kgf{sf] sf/0f / cf}lrTo af/] kqsf/;Dd]ngdfkm{t\ ;fj{hlgsLs/0f u/]sf] eGg] :jo+lgj]bssf] lgj]bg Joxf]/f / k|ToyL{x¿sf] lnlvthjfkm ;d]taf6 b ] lvg cfp F5 . ldlt@)^(÷$÷!& df g } k |wfgdGqL tyfdlGqkl/ifbsf] sfof{non] oL lgj]bs Zofdk|;fbd}gfnLnfO{ lbPsf] r=g+= @&^ sf] jf]wfy{ kq x]bf{ækbLo dof{bf / lghfdtL sd{rf/Lsf] cfr/0fsf]k|lts"n x'g] u/L kqsf/ ;Dd]ngdfkm{t\ lgj]bsn]cfˆgf] /fhLgfdf clt/l~ht 9+un] k|rf/k|;f/df

NofPsf]n] ;f] ljifonfO{ uDeL/tfk"j{s lnO{ lghsf]gfd clen]vdf /fVg] u/L lgj]bssf] /fhLgfdfldlt @)^(÷$÷!& b]lv nfu" x'g] u/L :jLs[tug]{Æ egL dlGqkl/ifb\af6 ;f]xL ldltdf lg0f{oePsf] eGg] b]lvg cfpF5 . lgj]bsnfO{ lbPsf]r=g+= @&^ sf] kl5Nnf] kqdf ;+j}wflgs kl/ifb\sf];lrjfnonfO{ ;d]t jf]wfy{ tyf sfof{y{ egLkq k7fPsf] b]lvG5 .

#= lgj]bsn] cfkm"nfO{ lbPsf] r=g+= @&^sf] kq / tt\;DaGwL kq ;d]t sfg"gljk/Ltsf]ePsf] egL ;f] ab/sf] dfu u/]sf] b]lvG5 . pQmkqsf ;DaGwdf k|ToyL{ k|wfgdGqL tyfdlGqkl/ifb\sf] sfof{nosf] lnlvt hjfkm x]bf{lgj]bsn] lghfdtL ;]jf P]g, @)$( sf] bkmf$% ljk/Lt ;/sf/sf] cfnf]rgf u/]sf], lghfdtL;]jfsf sd{rf/Lsf] cfr/0f;DaGwL lgodfjnL,@)^% ljk/Lt kbLo dof{bf pNn+3g u/L lghfdtL;]jfsf] ul/dfdf cfFr k'Ug] sfd u/]sf]n] lgj]bssf]xsdf ePsf] lg0f{o / sfdsf/jfxL sfg"g;Ddt/x]sf] egL lnlvt hjfkmdf pNn]v u/]sf] b]lvgcfpF5 .

$= lghfdtL ;]jf P]g, @)$( sf] bkmf$% Pj+ lghfdtL sd{rf/Lsf] cfr/0f;DaGwLlgodfjnL, @)^% df plNnlvt cfr/0f;DaGwLJoj:yfx¿ lghfdtL ;]jfnfO{ dof{lbt agfpg,kbLo dof{bfnfO{ sfod /fVg Pj+ ;]jf k|jfxnfO{r':t, b'?:t / k|efjsf/L agfpg Jojl:ytul/Psf]df ljjfb x'g;Sb}g . lghfdtL ;]jfdfaxfn /x]sf sd{rf/Ln] plNnlvt cfr/0f;DaGwLsfg"gL Joj:yfnfO{ kfngf ug'{kb{5 . ;]jfaf6cjsfz k|fKt ul/;s]sf sd{rf/Lsf] sfdJojxf/nfO{ pQm cfr/0f;DaGwL sfg"gL Joj:yfn]lgodg, lgoGq0f / cÍ'z nufpg ;Sg] b]lvFb}g .k|:t't l/6 lgj]bgdf lgj]bsn] ldlt @)^(.$.!^df cfˆgf] kbaf6 lbPsf] /fhLgfdf ldlt@)^(.$.!& df :jLs[t e} lghnfO{ ;f]xL ldltdf

261261261261261

r=g+= @@% sf] kq lbPsf] b]lvG5 . /fhLgfdf:jLs[t gx'Fbfsf] cj:yf;Dd lgj]bssf] x}l;otlghfdtL sd{rf/L s} /xFg] x'Fbf /fhLgfdf :jLs[tx'g'k"j{sf] cj:yfdf cfr/0f;DaGwL sfg"gdfplNnlvt Joj:yfaf6 lgj]bs afFlwg'k5{, To;nfO{kfng ug'{k5{ / cfr/0fljk/Lt x'g] u/L s'g}sfdsf/jfxL ug'{ x'Fb}g . k|:t't l/6df oL lgj]bsr=g+= @@% sf] kqaf6 cjsfz eO;s]sf]b]lvPsf]n] cjsfz kfO{ ;s]sf] sd{rf/Lsf xsdfcfr/0f;DaGwL Joj:yfn] lgodg / lgoGq0fug{ gldNg] x'G5 . lgj]bsn] cfr/0f;DaGwL sfg"gLJoj:yfsf] pNn+3g u/]sf] b]lvPsf] cj:yf ePr=g+= @@% sf] kqdf g} clen]v ;d]t /fVg] u/Llgj]bssf] /fhLgfdf :jLs[t ug{ ;lsg]df ;f]u/]sf] b]lvPg . lgj]bsn] /fhLgfdf :jLs[t x'g'k"j{kqsf/ ;Dd]ngdf af]n]sf] ljifonfO{ lnP/ ;f]sf]clen]v /fVg] egL lgj]bsnfO{ r=g+ @&^ sf]kq lbPsf] b]lvG5 . ;/sf/sf sfdsf/jfxLk"jf{u|x/xLt, b'/fu|x/xLt / ab\lgot/xLt x'g'kb{5 .;/sf/n] cfˆgf] sd{rf/Lsf] ;DaGwdf lg0f{oubf{ cgfjZos xf]Rofpg] vfnsf] Jojxf/ b]vfpgplrt x'Fb}g . ;'zf;gsf] k|Tofe"lt lbg vf]Hg];/sf/ cfˆg} sd{rf/Lsf] /fhLgfdf k|lt klgclt ;"Id, ;+j]bL, c;lxi0f' / abnfsf] efjo'Qmx'g] xf] eg] afFsL cj;/ lgdf{0f Pj+ ljt/0fdfs:tf] unf{ egL lrlGtt x'g] cj:yf /xg ;Sb5 .zfnLg, ljj]szLn, ;lxi0f' / ljk/LtxLt jf;f]r /fVg]k|lt klg cg'ejL / ;d]6\g ;Sg]Ifdtf g} pbf/ k|zf;gsf u'0fx¿ x'g\ .

%= c;Gt'i6x¿nfO{ klg ts{, a'l4, Ifdf/ wf/0f zlQmaf6 ;Gt'i6 kfg{' kg]{ ;/sf/n]:jfy{ ;d"xx¿sf] 3Rrf, 3df;fgdf s;}sf] kIfdfdfq lnKt h:tf] u/L kIf k|bz{g ug{ ;'xfpFbf]s'/f xf]Og . c;xdtLx¿sf aLr ;xdtL /k|lt:kwf{Tds ;f]rx¿nfO{ ;xsfl/tfdf kl/0ftug{ /rgfTds ;f]r / ;+:sf/ ljsf; u/L

;j{:jLsfo{ jftfj/0f v8f ug{ x/]sn] d2tug{'kg]{ x'G5 . lgj]bssf] c;Gt'li6 plrt jfcg'lrt h] nfu] klg slDtdf d'Vo /f]huf/bftfsf]x}l;otdf g]kfn ;/sf/n] lgj]bsk|lt tLj| cfqmf]z/ abnfsf] efj k|bz{g ug{ ldNg] b]lv+b}g . To;b[li6n] x]bf{ lgj]bsnfO{ lbOPsf] r=g+ @&^ sf]kq sfg"g;+ut / ljj]s;+ut ;d]t b]lvgcfpFb}g .

^= lgjb]sn] cfˆgf] /fhLgfdfsf ;DaGwdfkqsf/nfO{ hfgsf/L u/fPsf]df ljjfb 5}g .lghfdtL ;]jfdf nfdf] ;do;Dd sfd u/L;]jfaf6 aflxl/Fbf cfˆgf] cg'ej / sfo{z}nLsfaf/]df ul/Psf] l6Kk0fLn] sfg"gsf] pNn+3g ePsf]cj:yfdf afx]s cfkm}df cfklQhgs klg x'Fb}g .;/sf/ ;du| /fHosf] cleefjs klg ePsf]n]cfˆgf af/]df ul/Psf] l6Kk0fL ck|Lo eP klg;'Gg ;Sg'kg]{ x'G5 . To:tf]df ;/sf/ jbnfd'vLx'g jf x:tIf]ksf/L x'g ldNb}g . t/ k|:t'tl/6df lgj]bssf] xsdf ePsf] sfdsf/jfxLdfabnfsf] cfefif b]lvg cfof] .

&= kqsf/ ;Dd]ngdf lgj]bsn] JoQm u/]sf]cfˆgf] cg'ej / c;Gt'li6nfO{ ;/sf/n] c;xh /c;fdfGo dfgL ;f] ljifonfO{ lgj]bssf] clen]vdf/fVg] egL tt\sfn a];/f]sf/ b]lvPsf] ;+j}wflgskl/ifb\nfO{ af]wfy{ tyf sfof{y{ egL kq k7fPsf]b]lvG5 . o;af6 eljiodf lgj]bssf] xsdf /fHon]ug]{ Jojxf/ / b[li6sf]0fnfO{ k|efljt ug]{ p2]Zo jfcGo s'g} p2]Zon] To:tf] clen]v /fVg] egL lg0f{oePsf] b]lvPsf]n] To:tf] clen]v /flvg' sfg"g;+utdfGg ldNg] b]lvFb}g . o;sf ;fy} lghfdtL ;]jfaf6lgj[Q ePsf] sd{rf/Lsf] ;~rosf]if, k]G;gk§f,gful/s nufgLsf]if cflbsf] Joj:yfkgsf] nflutt\tt\ lgsfodf n]vL k7fO{ sd{rf/Lsf] clen]vLs/0fug]{ ul/G5 . t/ k|:t't l/6df clen]va4 ug]{ egL;+j}wflgs kl/ifb\df k7fpg'sf] s'g} ts{k"0f{ cfwf/ /cf}lrTo ;d]t k|ToyL{x¿af6 cf̂ gf] lnlvt hjfkmdf



262262262262262

v'nfpg ;s]sf] gb]lvPaf6 ;f] sfo{nfO{ dgfl;adfGg ldNg] b]lvPg .

*= lgj]bsn] cfkm"eGbf slgi7 d'Vo;lrj;Fu sfdsfh ug{ c;xh x'g] egL /fhLgfdflbPsf] b]lvG5 eg] k|:t't l/6 lgj]bgdf lgh d'Vo;lrj ;d]tnfO{ ljkIfL agfPsf] b]lvG5 . o;af6lgj]bs / d'Vo ;lrjsf] ;DaGw ljrf/0fLo ePsf]dflgj]bsn] kqsf/ ;Dd]ngdf JoQm u/]sf] s'/fnfO{lghsf] lj?4 clen]vdf /fVg] egL ;f]xL d'Vo;lrjn] dlGqkl/ifb\sf] lg0f{o k|dfl0ft u/Lclen]vdf /fVg k7fPsf] eGg] lgj]bsnfO{ lbOPsf]r=g+ @&^ sf] kqaf6 b]lvG5 . lgj]bssf lj?4clen]v /fVg'kg]{ jf /fVg ;Sg] sfg"g axfn/x]sf] ;d]t b]lv+b}g . ;f] gb]lvPaf6 lgj]bssf]gfd clen]vdf /fVg] egL ul/Psf] lg0f{o /tt\;DaGwL kq ;d]t sfg"g;+ut b]lvg cfPg .

(= o;sf ;fy} ljjflbt lg0f{of+z n]Vbfs'g k|of]hgsf nflu egL n]lvPsf] gb]lvP klg;+j}wflgs kl/ifbnfO{ ;d]t hfgsf/L lbPsf]sf/0fn] To;sf] k|of]hg :ki6 geP klg eljiodf/fHon] lgj]bsk|lt /fVg] b[li6sf]0fnfO{ k|efljtug]{ p2]Zon] lgj]bssf] gfd clen]vdf /fVg]u/L lg0f{o ePsf] cfefif ldNb5 . pQmclen]vLs/0f lgj]bssf] xsdf ePsf] sf/jfxL;/xsf] l:ylt b]lvG5 . eljiodf lbg ;lsg]s'g} lhDd]jf/LnfO{ k|efljt ug]{ p2]Zon] sf/jfxLjf ;hfo:j¿k To:tf] clen]vaå ug{ vf]h]sf] xf]eg] Tof] lgj]bssf] lj?4sf] gsf/fTds sf/jfxLsf]:yfgdf /xG5 . o:tf] ;hfo ;/xsf] kl/0ffdl;h{gf ug{] xf] eg] k|fs[lts Gofosf] l;4fGtadf]lhd;kmfOsf] df}sfsf] cfjZostf /xg] x'gfn] klgTo:tf] df}sfa]u/sf] clen]vdf hgfpg] sfo{af~5gLo / sfg"g;+ut dfGg ldNg] b]lv+b}g .

!)= t;y{ dfly ljj]lrt cfwf/ a'Fbf /sf/0faf6 lgj]bsn] cfˆgf] kbaf6 lbPsf] /fhLgfdfldlt @)^(.$.!& df :jLs[t e} r=g+= @@% sf]

kq lbPsf] b]lvPsf], /fhLgfdfkZrft\ lgj]bsn]kqsf/ ;Dd]ngdf af]n]sf] s'/fnfO{ cg'lrt7x¥ofO{ pQm s'/f lgj]bssf] clen]vdf /fVg]egL lgj]bsnfO{ ldlt @)^(.$.!& df g} r=g+=@&^ sf] kq lbPsf] b]lvPsf], pQm kqdf ;/f]sf/g} gePsf] ;+j}wflgs kl/ifb\nfO{ ;d]t af]wfy{tyf sfof{y kq n]vL /fHon] lgj]bssf] xsdfeljiodf ug]{ Jojxf/nfO{ k|efljt ug]{ dg;fo/fv]sf] b]lvPsf], ;]jf lgj[Q e};s]sf] JolQmnfO{lghfdtL ;]jf P]g, @)$( ;d]tdf plNnlvtcfr/0f;DaGwL sfg"gL Joj:yfn] lgoGq0f /lgodg ug{ ldNg] gb]lvPsf], lgj]bssf] gfdclen]vdf /fVg] egL lg0f{o ubf{ lgj]bsnfO{;kmfOsf] df}sf lbPsf] gb]lvPsf] tyf ;]jf lgj[Qsd{rf/Lsf] Jojxf/ clen]vdf /fVg] jf /fVg;Sg] u/L lg0f{o ug{ ;Sg] clwsf/ k|rlntg]kfn sfg"gn] k |ToyL { k |wfgdGqL tyfdlGqkl/ifbsf] sfof{no ;d]tnfO{ lbPsf]gb]lvPsf]n] lgj]bsnfO{ lbOPsf] r=g+ @&^ sf]kqdf plNnlvt ækbLo dof{bf / lghfdtLsd{rf/Lsf] cfr/0fsf] k|lts"n x'g] u/L kqsf/;Dd]ngdfkm{t\ clt/l~ht 9Ën] k|rf/ k|;f/dfNofPsf] ljifonfO{ uDeL/tfk"j{s lnO{ lghsf]gfd clen]vdf /fvLÆ eGg] zAbf+z / tt\;DaGwLg]kfn ;/sf/ dlGqkl/ifb\sf] ldlt @)^(.$.!&sf] lg0f{o ;f] xb;Dd ldn]sf] gb]lvFbf pTk|]if0fsf]cfb]zåf/f ab/ x'g] 7x5{ . cfb]zsf] hfgsf/Lk|ToyL{x¿nfO{ lbO{ bfo/Lsf] nut s§f u/L ld;Lnlgodfg';f/ a'emfO{ lbg" .


Gof=/fds'df/ k|;fb zfx

Olt ;+jt\ @)^( ;fn k'; @( t] /f]h ! z'ed===Ohnf; clws[tM jf;'b]j kf}8]n

&&&&&

263263263263263

lg0f{o g+=*(^^ lg0f{o g+=*(^^ lg0f{o g+=*(^^ lg0f{o g+=*(^^ lg0f{o g+=*(^^

;jf]{Rr cbfnt, ;+o'Qm Ohnf;dfggLo GofofwLz >L /fds'df/ k|;fb zfx

dfggLo GofofwLz >L k|sfz j:tL)^*–WO-)%%%

cfb]z ldltM @)&).!.%.%

ljifo M– pTk]|if0f k/dfb]z .

lgj]bsM sf7df8f}F lhNnf, sf=d=g=kf= j8f g+=!$ a:g] uf]s'ndfg t08'sf/ ;d]t


;d]t

§ @)#! ;fnb]lv sfof{lGjt ;fj{hlgs;8s P]gåf/f k|fKt xs ;'ljwfnfO{ @)$%;fndf hf/L kl5Nnf] sfg"gn] hUufk|flKt P]g, @)#$ ;d]tsf k|fjwfgsf]k|lts"n lgolGqt ug{ g;Sg] .

-k|s/0f g+=$_§ s'g} klg P]gn] :ki6 zAbdf ctLtk|efjL

k|fjwfg /fv]sf]df afx]s Tof] :jtMkZrftk|efjL x'G5 eGg] sfg"gL l;4fGtdfs'g} låljwf 5}g . o;sf cnfjf P]gåf/ful/Psf] sfg"gL k|jGwnfO{ kl/jt{gug'{kbf{ ;f] P]gsf] vf/]hL jf gofF P]gsf]lgdf{0f jf sfodL k|fjwfgsf] ;+zf]wgs}dfWodnfO{ sfg"g;Ddt\ dfGg'kg]{ .

§ P]gsf k|fjwfgnfO{ s'g} kq jf kl/kqjf lg0f{on] kl/jt{g ug{ ;Sb}g / o;f]ul/Psf] /x]5 eg] klg To;nfO{ sfg"gLdfGotf lbg ldNb}g . P]gcGtu{tlgsflnPsf] ;"rgfåf/f lgwf{l/t !)÷!)

dL6/sf] k|fjwfgnfO{ s]jn ;f]xL sfg"gL;|f]tsf cfwf/df k|sflzt ;"rgfn] dfqkl/jt{g ug{ ;Sb5 . s'g} kq jf lg0f{on]sfg"g;Ddt ;"rgfsf] k|fjwfgdf ug]{kl/jt{gnfO{ sfg"gL ¿kdf dfGotf k|fKtx'g g;Sg] .

-k|s/0f g+=$_§ ;fj{hlgs ;8s If]qdf s'g} klg

lsl;dsf ef}lts ;+/rgfsf] lgdf{0f ug{gx'g] / klxn] tf]lsPsf] eGbf a9L;8sIf]qsf] dfkb08 lj:tf/ ug'{kg]{ ePdfk|rlnt sfg"gadf]lhd hUuf clwu|x0fu/L hUufwgLnfO{ d'cfAhf lbO{ dfq ;8slj:tf/ ug'{kg]{ .

-k|s/0f g+=^_lgj]bs tkm{af6M ljåfg clwjQmf /d0fs'df/

>]i7ljkIfL tkm{af6M ljåfg ;xGofoflwjQmf wd{/fh

kf}8]n / ljåfg clwjQmf ab|Lk|;fbzdf{

cjnlDat ghL/M;Da4 sfg"gM§ ;fj{hlgs ;8s P]g, @)#! sf] bkmf #,

#s / !(§ gu/ ljsf; P]g, @)$% sf] bkmf #=!=#

cfb]zGof=k|sfz j:tLM g]kfnsf] cGtl/d

;+ljwfg, @)^# sf] wf/f #@ / !)&-@_ n] o;}cbfntsf] If]qflwsf/leq kg]{ k|:t't l/6lgj]bg;lxtsf] ;+lIfKt tYo / cfb]z o; k|sf/5 M–

xfdL lgj]bsx¿ ;fljsdf xfgu'n'sfnLdf6L uf=lj=;= / @)## ;fndf sf7df8f}Fdxfgu/kflnsfdf pQm uf=lj=;= uflePkl5 j8fg+= !$ cGtu{tsf :yfoL afl;Gbf xf}F . xfdL

*(^^ –*(^^ –*(^^ –*(^^ –*(^^ – uf]s'ndfg t08'sf/ ;d]t lj= k|wfgdGqL tyf dlGqkl/ifb\sf] sfof{no ;d]t


264264264264264

lgj]bsdWo] s]xLn] ;fljsdf uf=lj=;= x'Fbfb]lvg} cfˆgf] gfddf ePsf] hUufdf 3/ agfO{ Jofkf/Joj;fo u/L cfPsf 5f}F / clwsf+z lgj]bsx¿n]pQm uf=lj=;= sf7df8f}F dxfgu/kflnsfdfkl/0ft ePkl5 sfod ePsf] j8f g+= !$ l:ytsfnLdf6Lb]lv aNv' x' Fb} sLlt{k'/ lqe'jgljZjljBfno;Ddsf] s'n]Zj/ v08sf] dfu{dfcfˆgf] gfddf ePsf] hUufdf 3/ agfO{ a;f]af;u/L Jofkf/ Joj;fo;d]t u/L cfPsf 5f}F .sf7df8f}F pkTosf gu/ ljsf; ;ldlt /sf7df8f}F dxfgu/kflnsfn] lgwf{/0f u/]sf]dfkb08cg';f/ 3/ lgdf{0f ;d]t u/]sf 5f}F .

xfdL lgj]bsx¿ dWo] uf ]s'ndfgt08'sf/sf] gfddf sf=lh= sf=d=g=kf= j8f g+=(-s_ sfnLdf6Lsf] ls=g+= &^) sf] If]qkmn )–*–!–@ sf] hUufdf 3/;d]tsf] gS;f kf; u/L3/;d]t lgdf{0f u/]sf] 5' . To;}u/L ljZjgfyzdf{sf] gfddf ls=g+= !&@ sf] hUuf, c?0ff >]i7nfsf}nsf] gfddf sf=d=g=kf= j8f g+= !$ sf]ls=g+= !!*, !%# / !^) sf] hUuf, lbndfofdxh{gsf] gfddf P]hgsf] ls=g++ !($ sf] hUuf,gfgLafa' dxh{gsf] gfddf ls=g+= &$# sf] hUuf,glngL t'nfw/sf] gfddf ls=g+= &! sf] hUUff,Zofds'df/L >]i7sf] gfddf ls=g+= @) sf] hUuf,uf]kfns[i0f >]i7sf] gfddf ls=g+= @$% sf] hUUff,hutaxfb'/ dxh{gsf] gfddf ls=g+= ^$, ^& /^# sf] hUuf, cfgGb/fd dNnsf] gfddf ls=g+=!!# sf] hUuf, s[i0f >]i7sf] gfddf ls=g+= #(sf] hUuf, ;'Gb/L b'jfnsf] gfddf ls=g+= #(( /!)(^ sf] hUuf, 1fgL5f]/L dxh{gsf] gfddfls=g+= ** sf] hUuf, gGbdfof zfSosf] gfddfls=g+= *@ sf] hUuf, z'enIdL zfSosf] gfddfls=g+= @( sf] hUuf, cho zfSosf] gfddfls=g+= *( sf] hUuf, xl/dfof /l~htsf] gfddfls=g+= %)@ / %)! sf] hUuf, n]lngs'df/t'nfw/sf] gfddf ls=g+= ^* sf] hUuf, nlntf

dfgGw/sf] gfddf ls=g+= !!! sf] hUUff, d+unb]jLdxh{gsf] gfddf ls=g+= !@&#, !@^^ / !@^&sf] hUuf, lbndfof >]i7sf] gfddf ls=g+= !$)/ @#! sf] hUuf, /fdeQm >]i7sf] gfddf ls=g+=!(( sf] hUuf, nIdLaxfb'/ zfxLsf] gfddf ls=g+=*& sf] hUuf, gfgL5f]/L >]i7sf] gfddf ls=g+=#^ sf] hUuf, ;+hLa dxh{gsf] gfddf ls=g+=!(# sf] hUuf, naLGb| dxh{gsf] gfddf ls=g++!(@ sf] hUuf, /aLGb| >]i7sf] gfddf ls=g++ @)*sf] hUuf, h'h'sfhL :yflktsf] gfddf ls=g+=%%* sf] hUuf, tLy{/Tg zfSosf] gfddf ls=g+=!^ sf] hUuf, b]js[i0f dxh{gsf] gfddf ls=g+=%& sf] hUuf, z'eb|f 8+uf]nsf] gfddf ls=g+=!#( sf] hUuf, OGb|dfg a'9fsf] gfddf %&* sf]hUuf, c~hnL hf]zLsf] gfddf !))^, (&$,(&^, !))$, !)!$, !)!^ sf] hUuf, sfG5Ldxh{ggLsf] gfddf ls=g+= * sf] hUuf, d+uneQm>]i7sf] gfddf ls=g+= !^& sf] hUuf, lji0f'eQm>]i7sf] gfddf ls=g+= !^* sf] hUuf, dlxnf;xsf/L ;+:yf lnld6]8sf] gfddf ls=g++ !!& sf]hUuf, Pe/]i6 PS;k6{ k|f=ln=sf] gfddf ls=g+=!&! sf] hUuf, nIdLgf/fo0f dxh{gsf] gfddfls=g+= !@ sf] hUuf, Zofdnfn >]i7sf] gfddfls=g+= @#) sf] hUuf, >Ldfg >]i7sf] gfddfls=g+= #%# sf] hUuf, O{Gb|zf]ef zfSosf] gfddfls=g+= !)@ sf] hUuf, u+uf zfxLsf] gfdsf]ls=g+= !#!^, !##& sf] hUuf, bof/fd >]i7sf]gfddf ls=g++ !!% sf] hUuf, k"0f{gf/fo0f dxh{gsf]gfddf ls=g+= &@ sf] hUuf, zf/bfb]jL dfgGw/sf]gfddf ls=g+= #!@ sf] hUuf, ;df >]i7sf] gfddfls=g++ !@$ sf] hUuf, /fddfof dxh{ggLsf] gfddfls=g+= $((, %)!, $(^, %$$ sf] hUuf,s[i0fs'df/L ag]kfnLsf] gfddf ls=g=+ #*(, ;GbLkt08'sf/sf] gfddf ls=g+= &^! sf] hUuf, xl/s[i0fzfxLsf] gfddf ls=g+n]:= *^ sf] hUuf, ;/ntf>]i7sf] gfddf ls=g+= (( sf] hUuf, lji0f'b]jL

265265265265265

>]i7sf] gfddf ls=g+= #)) sf] hUuf, czf]sdxh{gsf] gfddf ls=g+= @(^, @(& sf] hUUff,;fu/s[i0f hf]zL >]i7sf] gfddf ls=g+= !* sf]hUuf, lgzf /fhsl0f{sf/sf] gfddf ls=g+= !&sf] hUuf, ;'/hs'df/ t08'sf/sf] gfddf ls=g+=#$( sf] hUuf, ;'zLnf >]i7sf] gfddf ls=g+=@!, !#@ sf] hUuf, dgf]h dxh{gsf] gfddfls=g+= @!, $$ sf] hUuf, zLnf t08'sf/sf]gfddf ls=g+= !)$ sf] hUuf, /fdaxfb'/ dxh{gsf]gfddf ls=g+= @%# sf] hUuf, d}of cfn]sf] gfddfls=g+= @%& sf] hUuf, dLgf zfxLsf] gfddf ls=g++!@! sf] hUuf, z'n' k|wfgsf] gfddf ls=g+= @))sf] hUuf, a'l4axfb'/ dxh{gsf] gfddf ls=g+=^%, *^ sf] hUuf, /]UdLaxfb'/ yfkf du/sf]gfddf ls=g+= $!), !$( sf] hUuf, /d]z yfkfdu/sf] gfddf ls=g+= @)$^, @)@ sf] hUuf,;Ltfb]jL tfdfËsf] gfddf ls=g+= !#* sf] hUufdfsf7df8f}F pkTosf gu/ ljsf; ;ldlt /sf=d=g=kf=n] lgwf{/0f u/]sf] dfkb08cg';f/ 3/lgdf{0f u/L a;f]af; u/L cfPsf 5f}F .

;fljsdf uf=lj=;= /xFbf uf]/]6f] af6f]/x]sf] / g]kfn ;/sf/ ;8s ljefun] sfnLdf6L,s'n]Zj/, aNv' x'Fb} rf]ef/;Ddsf] ;8s s] s:tf]/xg] egL ldlt @)#@÷!÷$ df ;8ssf]l8hfOg;d]t u/L st} !) kmL6, st} * kmL6,st} ^ kmL6, st} @) kmL6, st} !* kmL6, st}!^ kmL6 st} !$ kmL6sf] af6f] /xg] u/L gS;f;d]tlgdf{0f u/]sf] lyof] . @)#$÷#÷@) df tTsfnLg;/sf/n] /fhkqdf ;"rgf k|sfzg u/L b]zel/sf;8sx¿nfO{ ;fj{hlgs ;8s P]g, @)#! sf]bkmf # n] lbPsf] clwsf/ k|of]u u/L -s_/fhdfu{x¿df kg]{ dx]Gb| /fhdfu{;d]tnfO{ ;8ss]Gb|af6 bfofFafofF @%÷@% dL6/, -v_ ;xfosdfu{x¿df kg]{ sf7df8f}F lqz'nL dfu{ ;d]tnfO{;8s s]Gb|af6 b'j}lt/ !%÷!% dL6/, -u_ lhNnfdfu{x¿df kg]{ sf7df8f}F blIf0fsfnL dfu{;d]tnfO{

s]Gb|/]vfb]lv bfofFafofF !)÷!) dL6/ / -3_zx/L dfu{x¿df kg]{ dfu{sf] Go"gtd\ ! dL6/b]lvclwstd\ % dL6/;Ddsf] k'm6kfy ;d]tnfO{;8s ;Ldf tf]sL ;"rgf k|sfzg u/]sf] kfOG5 .g]kfn ;/sf/n] tof/ u/]sf] ;fj{hlgs ;8ssf]Joj:yfkg lbUbz{gdf ;fj{hlgs ;8s lgdf{0fubf{ g]kfn clw/fHosf] ;+ljwfg, @)$& sf] wf/f!&-@_, !&-#_ ;fj{hlgs ;8s P]g, @)#! sf]bkmf $, hUuf k|flKt P]g, @)#$ sf] ljleGgbkmfx¿df pNn]v ePsf] Joj:yfx¿nfO{ p4/0fu/L ;fj{hlgs ;8s P]g, @)#! sf] bkmf $ /hUuf k|flKt P]g, @)#$ sf] ljleGg bkmfx¿dfplNnlvt Joj:yfcg';f/ ;DalGwt hUufwgLnfO{d'cfAhf glbO{ ;8ssf] nflu hUuf k|fKt ug{g;lsg] / ;8ssf] lj:tf/ ;d]t ug{ g;lsg]sfg"gL Joj:yfsf] pNn]v ul/Psf] 5 . ;f]xLlbUbz{gdf tTsflng ;/sf/n] ldlt @)#$÷#÷@)sf] g]kfn /fhkqdf ;8ssf] juL{s/0f / ;8s;Ldf tf]lsPsf] af/] pNn]v ePsf] ;d]t kfOG5 .@)#$÷#÷@) df sfnLdf6Lb]lv aNv'cGtu{tsf]s'n]Zj/ dfu{nfO{ !) dL6/ tf]lsP klg tTsfnLg;dodf sf7df8f}F pkTosf gu/ ljsf; ;ldlt/ sf=d=g=kf= n] slxn] &÷& dL6/, slxn]hDdf * dL6/ / slxn] & dL6/ sfod ug]{ u/LljleGg k6s gLlt lgb]{lzsf hf/L u/]sf] kfOG5 .;f] s'/f sf=p=g=lj=;= sf] ldlt @)#*÷%÷(sf] kq, sf=d=g=kf= j8f g+= !$ sf] ldlt@)%@÷!@÷!^ sf] ;8s ;Ldf 36fpg] ;DaGwLkq, sf=p=g=lj=;= n] ldlt @)%@÷!@÷!! df;8s ;Ldf dfkb08 36fpg] af/] ;8s ljefunfO{n]v]sf] kq tyf sf=p=g=lj= of]hgfleq kg]{ljleGg If]qdf x'g] lqmofsnfk ;DaGwL lgb]{lzsf;d]taf6 klg ;f] s'/fsf] k'li6 x'G5 . xfnsf]ldlt @)%(÷#÷! df gfkL u/L tof/ ul/Psf]gS;fdf pQm af6f]sf] kLr hDdf % dL6/ sfodx'g] u/L / ;8ssf] kLraf6 bfFofafFof @÷@



266266266266266

dL6/ sfod x'g] u/L gS;f ;d]t lgdf{0f ul/Psf]kfOG5 . xfdL lgj]bsdWo]sf sltkon]sf=d=g=kf=af6 gS;f kf; ubf{ & dL6/ 5f]8LgS;f kf; u/L 3/ ;d]t lgdf{0f u/]sf 5f}F .o;/L g]kfn ;/sf/ sf7df8f}F pkTosf gu/ljsf; ;ldlt / sf=d=g=kf= n] lgwf{/0f u/]sf]dfkb08adf]lhd lgld{t 3/ kvf{n ;+/rgfeTsfpg p4t /xL s'g} ;"rgf ;d]t glbO{;fj{hlgs ;8s P]g, @)#! sf] bkmf #, #-s_,$, hUuf k|flKt P]g, @)#$ / ;+ljwfgsf] !@,!#, !( ;d]tsf] xsdf cf3ft k'Ug] u/L xfd|f]3/ hUuf sDkfp08 eTsfpg] egL 3/3/df cfO{ldlt @)^*÷(÷!) ut]b]lv k|ToyL{x¿n] df}lvs;"rgf lbO{ eTsfpg] efudf lrGx;d]t nufO{uPsf] / xfd|f] 3/hUuf sDkfp08 eTsfO{ ;f]df;8s;d]t lgdf{0f ug{;Sg] ePsf]n] k|ToyL{x¿sf]sfo{x¿ /f]Sg ab/ u/L kfpg / ;f] sfo{ ug{ul/Psf] lg0f{o, ;"rgf;d]t ab/ u/L kfpg]cGo sfg"gL pkrf/sf] af6f] gePsf] / k|:t'tl/6 lgj]bg ;fj{hlgs ;/f]sf/sf] ljifo;d]tePsf]n] ;DdfgLt cbfntsf] c;fwf/0fclwsf/If]qcGtu{t ;+ljwfgsf] wf/f !)&-@_cGtu{t of] l/6 lgj]bg k|:t't u/]sf 5f}F .

ctM @)#$÷#÷@) sf] /fhkqdftf]lsPsf] ;8s ;Ldf s]Gb|/]vfb]lv bfofFafofF!)÷!) dL6/eGbf a9L clxn] !!÷!! dL6/dfxfdL lgj]bsx¿sf] 3/ hUuf eTsfpg] egLk|ToyL{n] lrgf] nufpFb} lxFl8/x]sf 5g\ .

t;y{ sfnLdf6Lb]lv aNv' x'Fb} sLlt{k'/lqe'jg ljZjljBfno;Ddsf] s'n]Zj/ dfu{dfk|ToyL{x¿n] ;8s s]Gb|b]lv bfofFafofF !!÷!!dL6/ ;8s ;LdfÍg ug]{, lrGx nufpg] sfo{ub}{ Tolt;Dd eTsfpg] egL p4t e}/x]sf] sfdsf/jfxL / ;f] ;DaGwdf k|ToyL{x¿n] s'g} lg0f{ou/]sf /x]5g\ eg] ;f] lg0f{o;d]t lemsfO{ ;f];DaGwdf k|ToyL{x¿n] u/]sf] sfd sf/jfxL lg0f{o

tyf cGo s'g} ;"rgf eP ;f] ;d]t pTk]|if0fsf]cfb]zåf/f ab/ u/L ca pk|fGt ;+ljwfg /k|rlnt sfg"gadf]lhd xfdL lgj]bsx¿n]sfg"gadf]lhd gS;f kf; u/L lgdf{0f u/]sf]hUufdf ag]sf] 3/ kvf{nsf] ;+/rgf eTsfO{;8s lj:tf/ ug'{k/]df clwu|x0f gu/L d'cfAhfIfltk"lt{ ;d]t k|bfg gu/L ;8s lj:tf/sf]sfd sfo{ gug'{ gu/fpg' egL k|ltif]wsf] cfb]zhf/L ul/kfpFm ;fy} ;fj{hlgs ;8s P]g, @)#!sf] bkmf $ / hUuf k|flKt P]g, @)#$ adf]lhdxfdL lgj]bsx¿sf] 3/hUUff clwu|x0f u/L d'cfAhfk|bfg u/]/dfq ;8s lj:tf/sf] sfd, sfo{, lg0f{oug'{ egL k/dfb]z ;d]t hf] rflxg] cf1f cfb]zjf k"hL{ hf/L ul/kfpFm .

olb k|ToyL{x¿n] xfdL lgj]bsx¿n]sfg"gadf]lhd gS;f kf; u/L lgdf{0f u/]sf]3/ kvf{nsf] ;+/rgf eTsfO{ xfn]df xfdLlgj]bsnfO{ ck"/0fLo Iflt k'Ug] ePsf] / k|fOdfkm];L, ;'ljwf ;Gt'ngsf] b[li6sf]0fn] klgk|ToyL{x¿sf] lg0f{o sfo{ t'?Gt /f]Sg' kg]{cj:yf;d]t ePsf]n] of] l/6 lgj]bgsf] clGtd6'Ëf] gnfu'Gh]n ;jf]{Rr cbfnt lgodfjnL,@)$( sf] lgod $!-!_ adf]lhd sfnLdf6Lb]lvaNv';Ddsf] s'n]Zj/ dfu{sf] bfofFafofF /x]sf]hUufdf ag]sf] 3/ kvf{nsf] ;+/rgf ;d]teTsfpg], lrgf] nufpg], eTsfpg] sfo{ gug'{gu/fpg', oyfl:yltdf /fVg', /fVg nufpg'egL cGtl/d cfb]z ;d]t hf/L ul/kfpFm eGg]l/6 lgj]bg dfu bfjL .

o;df s] s;f] ePsf] xf], lgj]bgdfuadf]lhdsf] cfb]z lsg hf/L x'g' gkg]{ xf],cfb]z hf/L gx'g' kg]{ s'g} sf/0f eP of] cfb]zk|fKt ePsf ldltn] af6fsf Dofbafx]s !%-kGw|_lbgleq lnlvt hjfkm k]z ug{ sf/0f b]vfpcfb]z . cGtl/d cfb]zsf] dfu ;DaGwdf 5nkmnlgldQ ldlt @)^*÷(÷@) sf] tf/]v tf]sL

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ljkIfLnfO{ ;"rgf lbO{ lgodadf]lhd k]z ug'{eGg] o; cbfntsf] cfb]z .

o;df l/6 lgj]bs ;d]tsf] ldl;n;+nUg sfuhftx¿sf] cWoog u/L x]bf{ k|:t'tlgj]bg;Fu ;DalGwt sf7df8f}Fsf] sfnLdf6Lb]lvaNv ' x ' Fb } blIf0fsfnL;Ddsf ] ;8ssf ]s]Gb|laGb'b]lv bfofFafofF !)÷!) dL6/ ;8s;LdfegL ;fh{hlgs ;8s P]g, @)#! sf] bkmf $sf] clwsf/ k|of]u u/L tTsfnLg >L % sf];/sf/, ef}lts of]hgf tyf lgdf{0f dGqfnoåf/ftf]lsPsf]n] ;f]sf] ;"rgf g]kfn /fhkq efu #,ldlt @)#$÷#÷@) df k|sflzt ePsf] b]lvG5 .pQm ldltsf] /fhkqsf] ;"rgfn] tf]s]sf];8s;Ldf pQm @)#$÷#÷@) kl5 kl/jt{gu/L ;8s;Ldf sd ul/Psf] eGg] b]lvg cfpFb}g .l/6 lgj]bg;fy k]z ul/Psf] @)#*÷%÷( /@)%@÷!@÷!! sf kqx¿ gu/ lgdf{0f sfo{;Fu;DalGwt ljleGg lgsfox¿aLr ePsf cfGtl/skqfrf/ dfq ePsf] b]lvG5 . pQm ldlt@)#*÷%÷( jf @)%@÷!@÷!! sf] kqnfO{cflwsfl/s lgsfoaf6 ;fj{hlgs ;8s P]g,@)#! cg';f/ ;8s;Ldf tf]s]sf] ̈ ¿kdf lngldNg] cj:yf 5}g . o;sf] cltl/Qm pQmtf]lsPsf] ;8s;Ldf pNn+3g ug]{ u/L :yfgLolgsfon] 3/ lgdf{0fsf nflu gS;f kf; ug{;d]t ldNg] b]lvPg . o:tf] cj:yfdf s;}n] &dL6/ jf ;f]eGbf sd ;8s;Ldf 5f]8L 3/sf]gS;f kf; u/fPsf] eP klg Tolts}af6;8s;Ldf sd x'g uPsf] eGg] dfGg ldNg]b]lvPg . o:tf] cj:yfdf ldlt @)#$÷#÷@)sf] /fhkqn] pQm ;8ssf] ;8s;Ldf lgwf{/0ful/;s]sf]n] ;f]cg';f/ ;8ssf] s]Gb|/]vf jfs]Gb|laGb'af6 bfofFafofF !)÷!) dL6/;Dd s'g};+/rgfsf] lgdf{0f ug{ gx'g]df klg ;f];8s;Ldfleq gS;f kf; u/fOPsf] eGg]cfwf/df ;f] ;+/rgf sfg"g;Ddt\ ¿kn] lgdf{0f

ul/Psf] eGg] gb]lvFbf ;8s;Ldfsf] bfofFafofF!)÷!) dL6/ ;8s lj:tf/ jf ;'wf/sf] sfo{/f]Sg] u/L lgj]bg dfuadf]lhdsf] cGtl/d cfb]zhf/L ug{ ldn]g . t/, pQm ldlt @)#$÷#÷@)sf] g]kfn /fhkqddf k|sflzt ;8s;Ldf /dfkb08nfO{ kl/jt{g u/L @)^$÷@÷! b]lvnfu" x'g] u/L g]kfn ;/sf/ dlGqkl/ifb\n]sf7df8f} F pkTosfleqsf gu/kflnsf /gu/f]Gd"v uf=lj=;= x¿df ul/g] lgdf{0f;DaGwLdfkb08, @)^$ kfl/t u/]sf] / ;f]cg';f/sfnLdf6Lb]lv aNv' x'Fb} blIf0fsfnL;Ddsf];8ssf] s]Gb|/]vfaf6 bfofFafofF !!÷!! dL6/;Dds'g} lgdf{0f sfo{ ug{ gkfpg] elgP tfklg ;f]dfkb08 nfu" ePsf] ldltkl5 lgdf{0f x'g];+/rgfx¿sf] xsdf dfq nfu" x'g] x'gfn];f]cg';f/ bfofFafofF !)÷!) dL6/sf] ;§f!!÷!! dL6/ ;8s;Ldf sfod ug' {kbf {@)^$÷@÷! eGbf cufj} lgdf{0f ePsf] ;+/rgfsf]xsdf ;Dd ;8ssf] s]Gb|/]vfaf6 bfofFafofFb'j}lt/sf] !)÷!) dL6/eGbf a9L hUuf jf;+/rgfsf] sfg"gadf]lhd Ifltk"lt{ glbO{ ;8slj:tf/sf] sfo{ gug'{, gu/fpg' egL ;f] xb;DdljkIfLx¿sf] gfpFdf ;jf]{Rr cbfnt lgodfjnL,@)$( sf] lgod $!-!_ adf]lhd cGtl/dcfb]z hf/L ul/lbPsf] 5 . o;sf] hfgsf/LljkIfLx¿nfO{ lbO{ lgodfg';f/ ug'{ egL o;cbfntaf6 ePsf] cfb]z .

o; sfof{nonfO{ s;}sf] ef]urng /cGo rn, crn ;DklQnfO{ eTsfpg], gf:g]clwsf/ gePsf ] / ljBdfg sfg "gLJoj:yfadf]lhd ljleGg JolQm, ;/sf/L ;fj{hlgstyf ljleGg lgsfosf] gfddf /x]sf] df]7 ;|]:tfsf];+/If0fdfq ug]{ t/ 3/ ljufg]{, eTsfpg] cfb]zlbg] clwsf/ o; sfof{nonfO{ gePsf] x'FbfljkIfLx¿n] o; sfof{no ;d]tnfO{ nufPsf]e"m¶f cf/f]k lagfcfwf/sf x'g\ . t;y{, pQm



268268268268268

cf/f]kaf6 5'6sf/f lbnfO{ l/6 lgj]bg vf/]hul/kfpFm eGg] dfnkf]t sfof{no, sn+sLsf] lnlvthjfkm .

k|:t't l/6 lgj]bgsf] ;DaGwdf ax';+Vos;j{;fwf/0f hgtf / /fi6«sf] j[xQ/ lxtsf] nflu;fj{hlgs ;8s rf}8f kfg{ cGo lgsfoaf6sfo{ ePsf] Joxf]/f lgj]bgaf6 b]lvof] . o;sfof{noaf6 lgj]bssf] xslxtdf c;/ kg]{ s'g}lg0f{o gePsf] x'Fbf o; sfof{nosf] xsdf pQml/6 lgj]bg vf/]h ul/kfpFm eGg] lhNnf k|zf;gsfof{no, sf7df8f}Fsf] lnlvt hjfkm .

ljkIfL l/6 lgjbsx¿n] l/6 lgj]bgdflhsL/ lnPcg'¿ksf] sfd sf/jfxL o;sfof{noaf6 gul/Psf] Pj+ gePsf] / sfd sf/jfxLug'{kg]{ s'g} cfwf/;d]t ljBdfg g/x]sf] ;fy}lghx¿pk/ o; sof{noaf6 s] s:tf] sfdsf/jfxL ul/Psf] / ;f] sfd sf/jfxLaf6lghx¿sf] s] s'g xs clwsf/df s] s;/L xgg\k'Ug uPsf] xf] ;f] tYonfO{ l/6 lgj]bgdf k|i6v'nfpg g;s]sf] cj:yf ljBdfg /x]sf] Pj+ o;sfof{nonfO{ ljkIfL agfO/xg' kg]{ cj:yf;d]tg/x]sf] x'Fbf k|:t't l/6 lgj]bg vf/]h ul/kfpFmeGg] dxfgu/Lo k|x/L kl/;/, sf7df8f}Fsf] lnlvthjfkm .

ljkIfL l/6 lgj]bsx¿sf] ;+j}wflgsPj+ sfg"gk|bQ xsdf cf3ft k'Ug] u/L o;sfof{noaf6 s'g} klg sfo{ eP u/]sf] 5}g .sf7df8f}F pkTosfsf ljleGg :yfgdf clxn]g]kfn ;/sf/af6 sfg"gadf]lhd ;8s lj:tf/ug]{ sfo{ eO/x]sf] 5 . xfn rfn" cj:yfdf/lx/x]sf ljleGg :yfgsf ;8sn] ;jf/L rfknfO{wfGg g;s]sf]n] ;8s lj:tf/ ug{] sfo{ clgjfo{ag]sf] 5 . olb ;8s lj:tf/ gug]{ xf] eg]sf7df8f}F pkTosfdf 6«flkms hfd eO/xg],sd{rf/L, ljBfyL{nufot cfdhg;d'bfo tf]s]sf];dodf uGtJodf k'Ug g;Sg], lj/fdL c:ktfn

k'Ug g;sL af6fd} d[To'j/0f ug'{kg]{ cflb uDeL/;d:ofx¿ pTkGg ePsf] 5 / gu/ ljsf;P]g, @)$% sf] bkmf #=!=# df gu/ ljsf;sf]nflu dfkb08 tf]Sg ;Sg] Joj:yf 5 . oxLcfwf/df g ]kfn ;/sf/n ] , æsf7df8f } FpkTosfleqsf gu/kflnsf / gu/f]Gd"vuf=lj=;= x¿df ul/g] lgdf{0f;DaGwL dfkb08,@)^$Æ :jLs[t u/L nfu" ePsf] 5 . oxLdfkb08, @)^$ df cf6]{l/on ;8s -zfvf;8s_ sf] nflu s]Gb|/]vfb]lv b'j}tkm{ !!dL6/;Dd :yfoL vfnsf] lgdf{0f ug{ gkfpg]Joj:Yff 5 . ljkIfLx¿n] ;f]xL !! dL6/leqkg]{ u/L :yfoL ¿kdf 3/÷6x/f÷sDkfp08lgdf{0f ug'{ePsf] 5 . pQm sfo{ ljns'nu}/sfg"gL 5 . ljkIfLx¿nfO{ pQm :yfgdf ;8slj:tf/ sfo{ x'Fb}5 egL ;fj{hlgs ;"rgf ljleGgldltsf uf]/vfkq, cGgk"0f{ kf]i6, g]kfn ;dfrf/kqdf k|sfzg ul/b} cfPsf] 5 . ljkIfLx¿n];"rgf glbO{sg af6f] lj:tf/ ug{ nfluof] eGg]l/6 lgj]bg Joxf]/f ;To ;fFrf] xf]Og . Ifltk"lt{d'cfAhfsf] ;DaGwdf sfg"gn] lgwf{/0f u/]cg';f/x'g] g} 5 . ljkIfL l/6 lgj]bsx¿n] sfg"gsf]l/t k'¥ofO{ Ifltk"lt{, d'cfAhf dfu u/]df k|rlntsfg"gcg';f/ kfpg] gkfpg] hfFra'em u/LcfjZos lg0f{o x'g] g} 5 . ljkIfLx¿n] l/6lgj]bgkqdf pNn]v u/]sf] :yfgsf] ;8s lj:tf/ug]{ s]xL sfo{ ;d]t eO;s]sf]n] ljkIfLx¿sf]l/6 lgj]bgsf] s'g} cf}lrTo 5}g vf/]h ul/kfpFmeGg] sf7df8f}F pkTosf gu/ ljsf; ;ldltsf]lnlvt hjfkm .

pkTosfdf cToflws ;jf/L ;fwg tyfhg3gTjsf sf/0f c:tJo:t ;8s lj:tf/ ug]{eGg] g]kfn ;/sf/sf] of]hgfcg';f/ pQm ;8sljsf; tyf lj:tf/ ug]{ clwsf/k|fKt lgsfosf7df8f}F pkTosf gu/ ljsf; ;ldlt tyfsf7df8f} F dxfgu/kflnsf ;d]tsf] k|ToIf

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;xeflutfdf z'? ul/Psf] pQm ljsf; lgdf{0fsfo{x¿ cGtu{t pkTosfsf] o; sfof{noPl/ofcGtu{t sfnLdf6Lb]lv aNv';Dd kg]{ljZjljBfno dfu{sf] lsgf/df ;8s ldr]/u }/sfg "gL tj/n ] lgdf { 0 f ePsf ] 3/,kvf{nnufotsf ;+/rgfx¿ eTsfO{ ;8s lj:tf/ug]{ qmddf pQm Pl/ofsf :yfgLo jfl;Gbf ;d]tn]k6sk6s af6f]df ;d]t cj/f]w v8f u/L pQmsfo{df afwf cj/f]w k'¥ofpg] sfo{ ub}{ cfPsf]n]o; sfof{nosf] ;'/Iff lhDd]jf/L pQm If]qdfo; sfof{noaf6 zflGt ;'/Iffy{ k|x/L sd{rf/Lv6fO{ af6f] v'nfO{ ;jf/L cfjfudg sfo{nfO{;'rf? ul/Psf], ;f] afx]s o; sfof{nosf tkm{af6u}/sfg"gL tj/n] lgh ljkIfL l/6 lgj]bsx¿sf]3/ eTsfpg] h:tf sfo{df o; sfof{noaf6;xof]u ug]{ h:tf s'g} klg sfo{ gul/Psf] x'Fbflgh ljkIfL l/6 lgj]bs dlxnf ;xsf/L ;+:yfln=sf c=k|f=jf= ljho/fd k|wfg ;d]tn] o;sfof{no ;d]tsf lj?4 pQm e"m7f Pj+skf]nslNkt Joxf]/fsf] s'/f /rL ;DdfgLtcbfnt;dIf pTk]|if0fsf] l/6 lgj]bg lbg'ePsf]x'Fbf pQm Joxf]/fsf] l/6 lgj]bg vf/]h ul/kfpFmeGg] dxfgu/Lo k|x/Lj[Q sfnLdf6Lsf] lnlvthjfkm .

;fj{hlgs ;8s P]g, @)#! sf] bkmf!( n], æ;8s ljefusf] :jLs[lt k|fKt gu/Ls;}n] ;fj{hlgs ;8s;Fu hf]l8g] u/L k|j]zdfu{ agfpg, ;fj{hlgs ;8s jf ;8s ;Ldfleqvf8n jf s'nf] vGg jf eTsfpg, l8nf, n¶f,tuf/f] cflb uf8\g jf xfNg jf 3/ 6x/f] jf 5fk|f]agfpg jf ;8s ;Ldfleqsf] hUuf cfjfbL ug{jf o:t} cGo s'g} sfo{ ug{ x'Fb}gÆ egL lgif]wu/]sf] 5 . ;8ssf] :jfldTjdf cfPsf] /;fj{hlgs ;8s P]g, @)#! sf] bkmf # / #s n]lgwf{/0f u/]sf] ;8s ;LdfnfO{ /fhkqdf ;"rgfk|sflzt u/L ;fj{hlgs hfgsf/Ldf cfPkl5

pQm ;8s ;Ldfleqsf hUufx¿ cltqmd0f u/L3/ 6x/f lgdf{0f ug'{ k|rlnt sfg"gsf] cj1fxf] . xfn sfg"gsf] of] Joj:yfsf] jlv{nfk ;8s;Ldfleq agfPsf] ;+/rgf x6fO{ ;8s ;LdfleqJojl:yt ;8s lgdf{0f ug]{ p2]Zon] dfq ;8slj:tf/sf] sfo{x¿ ePsf x'g\ . ;DalGwtlgsfox¿af6 sfg"gadf]lhd ul/Psf sfdsf;DaGwdf lagfsf/0f o; ljefunfO{ ljkIfLagfpg] sfd sfg"g;Ddt\ 5}g . ctM pk/f]Qmcfwf/df ljkIfL l/6 lgj]bsx¿sf] sfg"gL xsclwsf/ ;d]tnfO{ afwf k'Ug] s'g} u}/sfg"gLsf/jfxL o; ljefuaf6 eP u/]sf] gx'Fbf cfwf/xLgl/6 lgj]bg vf/]h ul/kfpFm eGg] ;8s ljefusf]lnlvt hjfkm .

;fj{hlgs ;8s P]g, @)#! sf] bkmf #n] lbPsf] clwsf/ k|of]u u/L tTsfnLg >L %sf] ;/sf/n] ldlt @)#$÷#÷@) df g]kfn/fhkqdf ;"rgf k|sfzg u/L /fhdfu{ ;xfosdfu{, lhNnf dfu{ / zx/L dfu{nufotsf;8sx¿sf] ;8s ;Ldf qmdzM bzb]lv kRrL;dL6/;Dd tf]lsPsf] 5 . o;/L ;8s ;Ldftf]lsPsf] ;Ldfleq s'g} k|sf/sf] lgdf{0f sfo{ug{ gkfOg] Joj:yf /x]sf] 5 . ;fj{hlgs ;8sP]g, @)#! sf] bkmf !( n] æ;8s ljefusf]:jLs[lt k|fKt gu/L s;}n] ;fj{hlgs ;8s;Fuhf]l8g] u/L k|j]z dfu{ agfpg, ;fj{hlgs ;8sjf ;8s ;Ldfleq vf8n jf s'nf] vGg jfeTsfpg, n¶f, tuf/f] cflb uf8\g jf xfNg jf3/ 6x/f] jf 5fk|f] agfpg jf ;8s ;Ldfleqsf]hUuf cfjfbL ug{ jf o:t} cGo s'g} sfo{ ug{x'Fb}gÆ egL lgif]w u/]sf] 5 . tTsfnLg >L % sf];/sf/sf] ldlt @)#$÷#÷@) sf] ;"rgfaf6;8ssf] :jfldTjdf cfPsf] / ;fj{hlgs ;8sP]g, @)#! sf] bkmf # / #s n] lgwf{/0f u/]sf];8s ;LdfnfO{ /fhkqdf ;"rgf k|sflzt u/L;fj{hlgs hfgsf/Ldf cfPkl5 pQm ;8s



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;Ldfleqsf hUufx¿ cltqmd0f u/L 3/ 6x/flgdf{0f ug'{ k|rlnt sfg"gsf] cj1f xf] . ljkIfLn]sfg"gsf] of] Joj:yfsf] jlv{nfk u/L /fhdfu{If]q jf ;8s ;Ldfleq agfPsf] ;+/rgf x6fO{;8s ;Ldfleq Jojl:yt ;8s lgdf{0f ug]{p2]Zon] dfq ;8s lj:tf/sf] sfo{x¿ ePsfx'g\ . t;y{, lgj]bsn] lgj]bg kqdf lnPsflhsL/ sfg"g;Ddt\ gx'Fbf k|:t't l/6 lgj]bgvf/]h ul/kfpFm eGg] ef}lts of]hgf tyf lgdf{0fdGqfnosf] lnlvt hjfkm .

lgj]bsx¿sf] bfjLadf]lhd sf7df8f}Fdxfgu/kflnsf j8f g+= !$ l:yt sfnLdf6Ls'n]Zj/ aNv' x'Fb} rf]ef/;Ddsf] ;8s lj:tf/sfo{df sf=d=g=kf= sf] s'g} lsl;dsf] ;+nUgtf5}g . ;f] ;8s lj:tf/ ug]{ sfo{df s'g} lsl;dsf];+nUgtf gePsf] sf=d=g=kf= pk/ k|:t't u/]sf]ljkIfLsf] l/6 lgj]bg lg/fwf/, xr'jfk"0f{ / b"liftePsf]n] sf=d=g=kf= sf] xsdf k|ydb[li6df vf/]hul/kfpFm eGg] sf7df8f}F dxfgu/kflnsfsf] lnlvthjfkm .

lgodadf]lhd b}lgs k]zL ;"rLdf r9Lk]z x'g cfPsf] k|:t't l/6 lgj]bg;lxtsf] ldl;ncWoog u/L lgj]bssf] tkm{af6 ljåfg clwjQmf/d0fs'df/ >]i7n] ;fj{hlgs ;8s P]g, @)#!sf] bkmf # n] lbPsf] clwsf/ k|of]u u/L ldlt@)#$÷#÷@)sf] /fhkqdf sfnLdf6Lb]lv aNv'x'Fb} sLlt{k'/ lqe'jg ljZjljBfno;Ddsf] s'n]Zj/dfu{ ;8s ;Ldf s]Gb|/]vfb]lv bfofFafofF !)÷!)dL6/ sfod ul/Psf]df ljkIfLx¿n] ;8ss]Gb|/]vfb]lv bfofFafofF !!÷!! dL6/ ;8s ;LdfÍgu/L lagfd'cfAhf Tolt;Dd eTsfpg] egLsfdsf/jfxL cufl8 a9fpg] sfo{ u/]sf] / To;af6lgj]bssf] ;+ljwfg k|bQ ;DklQ;DaGwL xsdfk|ToIf cf3ft kg]{ ePsf]n] ljkIfLx¿sf] To:tf]u}/sfg"gL sfo{x¿ pTk]|if0fsf] cfb]zåf/f ab/u/L cj pk|fGt ;+ljwfg / sfg"gadf]lhd afx]s

lgj]bsx¿n] gS;f kf; u/L lgdf{0f u/]sf] 3/kvf{nsf] ;+/rgf lagfclwu|x0f / d'cfAhf eTsfO{;8s lj:tf/ gug ' { gu/fpg ' egLk|ltif]wnufotsf cfb]zx¿ hf/L ul/kfpFm egLax; ug'{eof] .

ljkIfL k|wfgdGqL tyf dlGqkl/ifb\sf]sfof{no;d]tsf tkm{af6 ljåfg ;xGofoflwjQmfwd{/fh kf}8]n / ljkIfL pkTosf gu/ ljsf;;ldltsf tkm{af6 ljåfg clwjQmf ab|Lk|;fbzdf{n] o; cbfntaf6 cGtl/d cfb]z hf/LePkl5 ;fj{hlgs ;8s P]g, @)#! sf] bkmf# adf]lhd ldlt @)#$÷#÷@) df /fhkqdfk|sflzt ;"rgf cg';f/ g} ljjflbt ;8sdf;8ssf] s]Gb|/]vfb]lv bfofFafofF !)÷!) dL6/sf];Ldf;Dd dfq ;8s lj:tf/ ug]{ sfo{ eO/x]sf]5 . ;f] tf]lsPsf] ;LdfeGbf sd ;Ldf sfodu/L aLrdf s'g} lgsfo jf kbflwsf/Ln] kqfrf/u/L lgj]bsx¿n] gS;f kf; u/L 3/ kvf{nlgdf{0f u/]sf] eP klg To:tf] u}/sfg"gL sfo{n]dfGotf gkfpg] x'Fbf tf]lsPsf] ;8s ;Ldfleqlgdf{0f ePsf 3/ kvf{n eTsfO{ ;8s lj:tf/ug{ s'g} sfg"gL jfwf c8\rg gx'Fbf cf}lrToxLgl/6 lgj]bg vf/]h ul/kfpFm egL ax; ug'{eof] .

df ly plNnlvt ljåfg sfg "gJoj;foLx¿n] ug'{ePsf] ax; ;d]t ;'gLlgj]bssf] dfuadf]lhdsf] cfb]z hf/L x'g'kg]{ xf]xf]Og ;f] ;DaGwdf lg0f{o lbg'kg]{ b]lvg cfof] .

@)#$÷#÷@) df /fhkqdf k|sflzt;"rgfadf]lhd ;8s s]Gb|/]vfb]lv bfofFafofF!)÷!) dL6/ ;8s sfod ePsf]df lagfclwu|x0f/ d'cfAhf ;f] ;8s s]Gb|/]vfb]lv bfofFafofF !!÷!!dL6/ ;8s sfod u/L ;f] ;Ldfleq kg]{lgjb]sx¿sf] 3/ kvf{n eTsfpg] egL p4teO/x]sf]n] ljkIfLx¿sf] ;f] sfd sf/jfxL / ;f];DaGwdf s'g} lg0f{o u/]sf] /x]5g\ eg] ;f] lg0f{oab/ u/fpg] ;d]t dfu /fvL bfo/ k|:t't l/6

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lgj ]bgdf g ]kfn ;/sf/n ] sf7df8f } FpkTosfleqsf gu/kflnsf / gu/f]Gd"v uf=lj=;=x¿df ul/g] lgdf{0f;DaGwL dfkb08, @)^$:jLs[t u/L nfu" ePsf] / oxL dfkb08dfcf6{ ]l/on ;8s -zfvf ;8s_ sf] nflus]Gb|/]vfb]lv b'j}tkm{ !! dL6/;Dd :yfoL vfnsf]lgdf{0f sfo{ ug{ gkfpg] Joj:yf u/]sf]n] ;f]If]qleq 3/÷6x/f÷sDkfp08 lgdf{0f ug{ gkfpg]xf] eGg] pkTosf gu/ ljsf; ;ldltsf] lnlvthjfkm b]lvG5 . ;fj{hlgs ;8s P]g, @)#! sf]bkmf # / #s n] lgwf{/0f u/]sf] ;8s ;LdfnfO{/fhkqdf ;"rgf k|sflzt u/L ;fj{hlgshfgsf/Ldf cfPkl5 pQm ;8s ;LdfleqsfhUufx¿ cltqmd0f u/L lgdf{0f ePsf 3/ 6x/feTsfO ;8s ;Ldf Jojl:yt ug]{ sfo{ ePsf]x'Fbf cfwf/xLg l/6 lgj]bg vf/]h ul/kfpFm eGg];8s ljefu ;d]tsf] lnlvt hjfkm b]lvG5 .

@= lg0f{otkm{ ljrf/ ubf{ lgj]bsx¿sf7df8f}F–blIf0fsfnL ;8ssf] cf;kf;df hUuf3/ ePsf JolQmx¿ x'g eGg] tYo lgj]bg n]vaf6b]lvG5 . pQm ;8ssf] ;Ldf ;fj{hlgs ;8sP]g, @)#! sf ] bkmf # adf ] lhd ldlt@)#$÷#÷@) df /fhkqdf k |sf lzt;"rgfcg';f/ ;8ssf] s]Gb|/]vfb]lv bfofFafofF!)÷!) dL6/ ;8s ;Ldf tf]lsPsf] b]lvG5 .;fj{hlgs ;8s P]g, @)#! sf] bkmf # n];fj{hlgs ;8snfO{ /fhdfu{, ;xfos dfu{,lhNnf dfu{ / zx/L dfu{ egL juL{s/0f ub}{g]kfn ;/sf/n] g]kfn /fhkqdf ;"rgf k|sflztu/L ;fj{hlgs ;8snfO{ ;8s s]Gb|/]vfb]lvbfofFafofF b'j}lt/ PQmL; dL6/df ga9fO{ ;8s;Ldf tf]Sg ;Sg] Joj:yf u/]sf] / ;f]xLadf]lhdljjflbt sf7df8f}F–blIf0fsfnL dfu{nfO{ lhNnfdfu{leq /fvL ;f]sf] s]Gb|/]vfb]lv bfofFafof b'j}lt/!)÷!) dL6/ ;8s ;Ldf tf ]sL ldlt@)#$÷#÷@) df /fhkqdf ;"rgf k|sflzt

ePsf]n] pQm ;8ssf] ;Ldf ;8s s]Gb|/]vfb]lvbfofFafofF b'j}lt/ !)÷!) dL6/ /x] ePsf] dfGg'kg]{x'G5 . sfg"gadf]lhd afx]s ;f] ldltkZrft\ pQm;s8 ;Ldf 36L jf a9L x'g] u/L dfkb08 sfodu/L s'g} lgsfo jf kbflwsf/Ln] n]vfk9L jfkqfrf/ ug]{ u/fpg] sfo{ u/]sf] /x]5 eg] klgTo;n] sfg"gL dfGotf kfpg ;Sg] b]lvFb}g .o;af6 ljleGg lgsfoaf6 ePsf] kqfrf/sfcfwf/df ;8s ;Ldfleq kg]{ hUufdf gS;fkf; u/L 3/, 6x/f, sDkfp08 jfn lgdf{0f u/LoL lgj]bsx¿ a;f]af; u/]sf /x]5g\ eg] klgTo;n] sfg"gL xssf] l;h{gf ug]{ x' Fb}g .sfg"g;Ddt sfo{af6 dfq sfg"gL xssf] l;h{gfx'G5 . ;fj{hlgs ;8s P]g, @)#! sf] bkmf #,#s / !( / oxL sfg"gsf] clVtof/L k|of]u u/L@)#$÷#÷#) sf] g]kfn /fhkqdf k|sflzt;"rgfåf/f lgwf{l/t e"–efu ;8s ;Ldf x'g\ .;8s ;Ldfleq h'g;'s} k|sf/af6 h; s;}n]lgdf{0f u/]sf] jf ef]u u/]sf] cfwf/df s;}sf]sfg"gL xssf] l;h{gf x'Fb}g . t;y{, ldlt@)#$÷#÷@) df /fhkqdf k|sflzt ;"rgfk|lts"n x'g] u/L 3/ kvf{n lgdf{0f ug{ ;DalGwtlgsfoaf6 gS;f kf; g} ePsf] eP klg To:tf]u}/sfg"gL sfo{n] sfg"gL xs :jtM :yflkt ePsf]dfGg gldNg] x'Fbf ;f] eTsfOFbf sfg"gadf]lhdd'cfAhf kfpg' kg]{ eGg] lgj]bsx¿sf] dfu bfjL;fj{hlgs ;8s P]g, @)#! sf] bkmf #, #s /!( ;d]tsf cfwf/df sfg"g;+ut b]lvFb}g .

#= o;} ;Gbe{df gu/ ljsf; P]g, @)$%/ ;f]sf cfwf/df hf/L dfkb08sf] sfg"gL l:yltsf]klg ljj]rgf x'g cfjZos 5 . ljjfbsf]sf7df8f}F–blIf0fsfnL ;8s gu/ ljsf;;DaGwLof]hgf nfu" ePsf] If]qsf] ePsf] / gu/ ljsf;P]g, @)$% sf] bkmf #=!=# df gu/ ljsf;sf]nflu dfkb08 tf]Sg] Joj:yf ePadf]lhd g]kfn;/sf/n], æsf7df8f}F pkTosfleqsf gu/kflnsf



272272272272272

/ gu/f]Gd"v uf=lj=;=x¿df ul/g] lgdf{0f;DaGwLdfkb08, @)^$Æ :jLs[t u/L nfu" u/]sf] 5 .oxL dfkb08cg';f/ cf6]{l/on ;8s -zfvf ;8s_df kg]{ sf7df8f}F–blIf0fsfnL ;8ssf] nflus]Gb|/]vfb]lv b'j}tkm{ !!÷!! dL6/;Dd :yfoLvfnsf] lgdf{0f ug{ gkfpg] Joj:yf ul/Psf]kfOG5 . ;fj{hlgs ;8s P]g, @)#! sf] bkmf#s df, æbkmf # adf]lhd ;8s ;Ldf tf]lsPsf]df;8s;Ldfsf] / ;8s;Ldf gtf]lsPsf]df;fj{hlgs ;8ssf] lsgf/af6 ^÷^ dL6/dfga9\g] u/L g]kfn ;/sf/n] g]kfn /fhkqdf;"rgf k|sflzt u/L tf]s]sf] kmf;nfleq kvf{nafx]s cGo s'g} lsl;dsf] :yfoL agf}6 -:6«Sr/_jf ejg s;}n] lgdf{0f ug{ gkfpg] u/L lgif]wug{ ;Sg]5Æ elgPsf] / ;f]sf] k|ltaGwfTdsjfSof+zdf, æt/ gu/ ljsf;;DaGwL of]hgf nfu"ePsf] If]qdf tT;DaGwL k|rlnt sfg"gdf Joj:yfePadf]lhd x'g]5Æ eGg] pNn]v 5 . ;fj{hlgs;8s P]g, @)#! / gu/ ljsf; P]g, @)$% sf]cGt/;DaGw klg k|:t't ljjfbdf ljj]rgf x'g'kg]{ljifo 6:xf] . ;fj{hlgs ;8s P]g d'n'se/sf;8snfO{ Jojl:yt ug]{ sfg"gsf ¿kdf nfu" 5eg] ;/sf/n] gu/If]q 3f]if0ff u/]sf] If]qleqsf;8ssf nflu ljlzi6Ls[t sfg"gsf ¿kdf gu/ljsf; P]g nfu" 5 . @)#! ;fnb]lv sfof{lGjt;fj{hlgs ;8s P]gåf/f k|fKt xs ;'ljwfnfO{@)$% ;fndf hf/L kl5Nnf] sfg"gn] hUufk|flKt P]g, @)#$ ;d]tsf k|fjwfgsf] k|lts"nlgolGqt ug{ ;Sb}g .

$= s'g} klg P]gn] :ki6 zAbdfctLtk|efjL k|fjwfg /fv]sf]df afx]s Tof] :jtMkZrftk|efjL x'G5 eGg] sfg"gL l;4fGtdf s'g}låljwf 5}g . o;sf cnfjf P]gåf/f ul/Psf]sfg"gL k|jGwnfO{ kl/jt{g ug'{kbf{ ;f] P]gsf]vf/]hL jf gofF P]gsf] lgdf{0f jf sfodL k|fjwfgsf];+zf]wgs} dfWodnfO{ sfg"g;Ddt\ dfGg'kg]{ x'G5 .

P]gsf k|fjwfgnfO{ s'g} kq jf kl/kq jf lg0f{on]kl/jt{g ug{ ;Sb}g / o;f] ul/Psf] /x]5 eg]klg To;nfO{ sfg"gL dfGotf lbg ldNb}g .P]gcGtu{t lgsflnPsf] ;"rgfåf/f lgwf{l/t!)÷!) dL6/sf] k|fjwfgnfO{ s]jn ;f]xL sfg"gL;|f]tsf cfwf/df k|sflzt ;"rgfn] dfq kl/jt{gug{ ;Sb5 . s'g} kq jf lg0f{on] sfg"g;Ddt;"rgfsf] k|fjwfgdf ug]{ kl/jt{gnfO{ sfg"gL¿kdf dfGotf k|fKt x'g ;Sb}g . o;} sf/0faf6@)#*÷%÷( / @)%@÷!@÷!! sf kqx¿sf]s'g} sfg"gL cf}lrTo 5}g .

%= pk/f ]Qm ;DaGwdf sf7df8f } FpkTosfleqsf gu/kflnsf / gu/f]Gd"v uf=lj=;=x¿df ul/g] lgdf{0f ;DaGwL dfkb08, @)^$gu/ ljsf; P]g, @)$% sf] bkmf #=!=# adf]lhdg]kfn ;/sf/n] :jLs[t u/L nfu" ePsf] b]lvG5 .ljjfbsf] sf7df8f} F–sfnLdf6L ;8s gu/ljsf;;DaGwL of]hgf nfu" ePsf] If]qleq ePsf]eP klg ;fj{hlgs ;8s P]g, @)#! sf] bkmf #adf]lhd ldlt @)#$÷#÷@) df /fhkqdf k|sflzt;"rgfcg';f/ pQm ;8s s]Gb|/]vfb]lv b'j}tkm{!)÷!) dL6/ ;8s ;Ldf tf]lsPsf] kfOG5 .xfn cfP/ gu/ ljsf; of]hgf nfu" ePsf] If]qegL plNnlvt dfkb08, @)^$ cg';f/ ;8s;Ldfsf] dfkb08 klxn]sf] -ldlt @)#$÷#÷@)df /fhkqdf k|sflzt ;"rgf_ eGbf a9L !!÷!!dL6/ tf]Sg] xf] eg] cyf{t ;8s s]Gb|/]vfb]lvb'j}tkm{ bfofFafofF !)÷!) dL6/eGbf a9Ldf ;8slj:tf/ ug'{ k/]df a9L tf]lsPsf] If]qsf xsdfcyf{t\ !÷! dL6/sf xsdf k|rlnt sfg"gadf]lhdclwu|x0f u/L ;DalGwt hUufwgLnfO{ d'cfAhf;d]t lbg'kg]{ x'G5 . ;f] k|lqmof / sf/jfxL k"/fgu/L s;}n] klg k|rlnt sfg"gadf]lhd lgdf{0feO;s]sf ef}lts ;+/rgf eTsfO{ !!÷!! dL6/nfO{;8s;Ldf dfgL af6f] lj:tf/ ug{] lg0f{o tyfsfd sf/jfxL sfg"gk|lts"n x'G5 .

273273273273273

^= ctM dfly ljj]lrt cfwf/ Pj+sf/0faf6 ;fj{hlgs ;8s If]qdf s'g} klglsl;dsf ef}lts ;+/rgfsf] lgdf{0f ug{ gx'g] /klxn] tf]lsPsf] eGbf a9L ;8sIf]qsf] dfkb08lj:tf/ ug'{kg]{ ePdf k|rlnt sfg"gadf]lhdhUuf clwu|x0f u/L hUufwgLnfO{ d'cfAhf lbO{dfq ;8s lj:tf/ ug'{kg]{ x'G5 . t/, ljjflbtsf7df8f}F–sfnLdf6L ;8s ldlt @)#$÷#÷@)df /fhkqdf k|sflzt ;"rgf s]Gb|/]vfb]lv b'j}tkm{!)÷!) dL6/df ga9fO{ xfn ;8s lj:tf/eO/x]sf] egL lgj]bstkm{sf sfg"g Joj;foL,g]kfn ;/sf/sf] tkm{af6 ;xGofoflwjQmf Pj+sf7df8f}F pkTksf gu/ ljsf; ;ldlttkm{sfsfg"g Joj;foLn] ax;sf] qmddf JoQm ug'{ePsf]n]kl5af6 ylkPsf] !÷! dL6/sf] ;8s;LdfnfO{:jod\ ;/sf/L lgsfon] dfGotf glbPsf] l:yltdf;f] xbsf xsdf klg l/6 hf/L ug'{kg]{ cj:yfljBdfg g/x]sf]n] k|rlnt sfg"gcg';f/ tf]lsPs};8s ;Ldfleq /xL ;8s lj:tf/sf] sfo{ eO/x]sf]dfGg'kg]{ x'G5 . o;/L sfg"gsf] clVtof/Lleq/x]/ ePsf] sfd sf/jfxLaf6 lgj]bssf] ;+ljwfgPj+ sfg"gk|bQ xsdf cf3ft k/]sf] dfGg gldNg]x'Fbf lgj]bssf] dfuadf]lhdsf] cfb]z hf/L ul//xgk/]g . k|:t't l/6 lgj]bg vf/]h x'g] 7x5{ . o;cbfntaf6 ldlt @)^*÷(÷@) df hf/L ePsf]cGtl/d cfb]z ;d]t :jtM lgliqmo x'G5 . bfo/Lsf]nut s§f u/L ldl;n lgodfg';f/ a'emfO{ lbg" .

pQm /fodf ;xdt 5' .

Gof=/fds'df/ k|;fb zfx

Olt ;+jt\ @)&) ;fn a}zfv % ut] /f]h % z'ed\Ohnf; clws[t M– k'ik/fh yklnof

lg0f{o g+=*(^& lg0f{o g+=*(^& lg0f{o g+=*(^& lg0f{o g+=*(^& lg0f{o g+=*(^&

;jf]{Rr cbfnt, ;+o'Qm Ohnf;dfggLo GofofwLz >L ;'zLnf sfsL{dfggLo GofofwLz >L k|sfz j:tL

;+jt\ @)^$ ;fnsf] l/6 g+= )^#–WO–!)&(cfb]z ldltM @)^(.^.@#.#

laifoM– k|ltif]w, pTk|]if0fo'Qm k/dfb]z;d]t .

l/6 lgj]bsM sf7df8f}F lhNnf, dxfgu/kflnsfj8f g+=# a:g] lgzf k'/Lsf] ;+/Ifs e}cfk\mgf] xsdf ;d]t P]=P]= a:g] dlgifk'/L ;d]t

lj?4ljkIfLM k'g/fj]bg cbfnt, kf6g nlntk'/ ;d]t

§ ;Ifd lgsfoaf6 clGtd ePsf ]km};nfnfO ljlwjt\ r'gf}tL glbPsf]cj:yfdf ;f] km};nf clGtd /x];Dd;f]df plNnlvt 7x/nfO{ cGoyf ug{g;lsg] .

-k|s/0f g+=$_§ ljleGg a}+sdf /x]sf] gub ljleGg

JolQmx¿sf] r]ssf] x:tfIf/ sLt]{ u/LlgsfnL 7uL u/]sf] ;d]t 7x/]sf]cj:yfdf To:tf] ;DklQdf c+z xs 5egL cbfntn] lg0f{o ug{ gldNg] .

§ b;Lsf] ¿kdf cbfntdf k]z ePsf] /b;L 7x/L clGtd eP/ a;]sf] eO{cbfntsf tx–txsf km};nfaf6 hkmtx'g] 7x¥ofPsf] ;DklQaf6 c+zxs5'6\ofO{ kfpFm eGg] dfubfjL :jfefljs/ sfg"g;Ddt\ gb]lvg] .

&&&&&

*(^& –*(^& –*(^& –*(^& –*(^& – lgzf k'/Lsf] ;+/Ifs dlgif k'/L ;d]t lj=k'g/fj]bg cbfnt kf6g ;d]t


274274274274274

§ c+zxs k}t[s ;DklQdf dfq cGt/e"t/xg] s'/f xf] . ck/fwsf] k|ltkmn:j¿kk|fKt ePsf] ;DklQdf d"n c+lzof/s}xs gx'g] cj:yfdf lghsf c+lzof/sf]xs x'G5 egL dfGg g;lsg] .

-k|s/0f g+=^_§ 7uL u/]sf] /sdaf6 v/Lb u/]sf] 3/

hUufdf c+zxs dfu ug'{ :jod\df g}cj}wflgs x'G5 . cj}w s'/faf6 j}w xsl;h{gf x'g g;Sg] .

-k|s/0f g+=&_

lgj]bsx¿sf] tkm{af6M ljåfg jl/i7 clwjQmfljZjsfGt d}gfnL, ljåfg clwjQmfx¿aRr'l;Fx v8\sf, t'N;L l;Fv8f, ;f]dsfGtd}gfnL tyf ljåfg j}tlgs clwjQmf/fdxl/ lqkf7L

ljkIfL tkm{af6M ̃ ljåfg ;xGofoflwjQmf ;/f]huf}td Pj+ ljåfg clwjQmf bLks >]i7/ ;'wL/dfg >]i7

cjnlDat ghL/M;Da4 sfg"gM§ d'n'sL P]g, b08 ;hfosf] $@ g+=§ 7uLsf] $ / % g+=

cfb]zGof=k|sfz j:tLM g]kfnsf] cGtl/d

;+ljwfg @)^# sf] wf/f #@, !)&-@_ adf]lhdkg{ cfPsf] k|:t't l/6 lgj]bgsf] ;+lIfKt tYoPj+ 7x/ o; k|sf/ 5 M–

lgj]bssf cfdf tyf a'xf/L ladnf k'/Lsfgfddf @)%^.(.& df v/Lb ul/Psf] xfd|f] ;d]tc+z xs nfUg] sf7df8f}F lhNnf sf7df8fF}dxfgu/kflnsf j8f g+=## -j_ ls=g+=%(# sf]If]qkmn )–%–!–), P]=P]=sf] ls=g+=%($ sf] If]qkmn)–)–@–@, P]=P]= ls=g+=%^& sf] If]qkmn )–$–)

hUuf / ;f] hUufdf ag]sf] xfd|f] a;f]af;sf] 3/hUuf O08f]:j]h a}Fssf] hfx]/Ln] jfbL g]kfn ;/sf// k|ltjfbL dw';'wg k'/L;d]t ePsf] 7uL d'2fdfsf7df8f}F lhNnf cbfntaf6 k|ltjfbLx¿af6a/fdb x'g cfPsf gub, lhG;L, k|f8f] hLk,¿k}ofF 7uL u/]sf] ¿k}ofFaf6 v/Lb u/]sf] 3/hUufg]kfn O08f]:j]h a}FsnfO{ lbnfO{ gk'u x'g cfpg]#@,#%,))).– k|ltjfbLx¿af6 a}Fsn] lbnfO{ e/fO{kfpg] 7x5{ egL ePsf] @)^!.@.& sf] z'? km};nf/ ;f] km};nf ;b/ ug]{ u/L k'g/fj]bg cbfnt,kf6gaf6 ldlt @)^#.%.! df ePsf ]km};nfd'tfljs ljuf] lbnfO{ kfpFm eGg] ljkIfLa}Fssf] @)^#.(.!& sf] lgj]bgcg';f/ pQm 3/hUuf ljkIfL OGe]i6d]06 a}Fssf] gfddf gfd;f/Lbflvn vf/]h u/L lbg] u/L sf7df8f}F lhNnfcbfnt tx;Ln zfvfaf6 ePsf] @)^#.!).# sf]lg0f{o krf{sf] cfwf/df ljkIfL dfnkf]t sfof{no,sf7df8f}Faf6 ldlt @)^$.!.!& sf] lg0f{ocg';f/ljkIfL a}Fssf] gfddf bf=vf=btf{ ePsf] / pQm3/ vfnL u/L lbg egL ljkIfL a}Fsn] @)^$.!.@!df hfgsf/L u/fPaf6 lgj]bssf] g]kfnsf] cGtl/d;+ljwfg, @)^# sf] wf/f, !#-!_, !(-!_, gful/sclwsf/ P]g, @)!@ sf] bkmf #, ^-5_, (, !),d'n'sL P]g b08 ;hfosf] @^, #), #!, #&, $@;d]tsf] pNn+3g ePsf] 5 .

k|ToyL{ lgsfo Pj+ cbfntx¿sf] km};nftyf ;f] km};nfsf] cfwf/df ePsf] ;Dk"0f{sfdsf/jfxL d'n'sL P]g, b08 ;hfosf]@^,#),#!,#&,$@ g+=sf] sfg"gL JofVofsf] uDeL/k|Zg ;d]t p7]sf] eGg] k|i6} b]lvG5 . o;/Lsfg"gsf] JofVof h:tf] uDeL/ k|Zgdf c;fwf/0fclwsf/If]q u'xfg'{ jfwf 5 eGg ldNb}g . -g]sfk@)$!, lg=g+=@)&*_ To;} u/L gful/s xsclwsf/df cf3ft kfg]{ kl/0ffdsf] s'g} lg0f{okm};nf ubf{ sfg"gsf] cIf/zM kfngf ePsf] x'g'clgjfo{ x'g] -g]sfk @)$*, cÍ !@, k[i7 *(&_

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eGg] ;DdfgLt ;jf] {Rr cbfntaf6 ghL/l;4fGtx¿ k|ltkflbt ePsf 5g\ . o;/L ljkIfLdw';'bg k'/L tyf ladnf k'/Ln] u/]sf] kmf}hbf/Ls;"/ jf ck/fwsf] ;hfo o;/L xfd|f];d]t c+zxsnfUg] ;uf]nsf 3/ hUufnfO{ ljkIfL a}Fssf] tkm{dfljkIfL dw';'bg k'/L tyf ljdnf k'/L -¿kfv]tL_n] ltg'{ eg'{ kg]{ ljuf] Pj+ h/Ljfgfafkt crn3/hUuf;d]t ;Lw} g} ljkIfL a}Fssf] gfddf bflvnbtf{ u/L ljkIfL a}Fsn] clwsf/ sAhf hdfpg3/ 5f]8\g' egL Dofb k"hL{;d]t hf/L u/L ;s]sf]x'Fbf o;af6 xfdL lgj]bsx¿ a;f]af; u/]sf]3/af6 aflx/ a:g'kg]{ cj:yfsf] l;h{gf x'guPsf] 5 . o;/L gful/ssf] sfg"gL xsnfO{ckx/0f ubf{ sfg"gL k|lqmof canDag u/]/sfg"gsf] cIf/zM kfngf u/]/ dfq ug{ ;lsg]plNnlvt lg=g + =@)&* df k | ltkf lbtl;4fGt;d]tsf] k|lts"n x'g uPsf] 5 .

ljkIfL ladnf k'/L -¿kfv]tL_ sf] gfddfbtf{ /x]sf] sf7df8f}F lhNnf dxfgu/kflnsf j8fg+=@#-j_ sf] ls=g+=%(# sf] If]qkmn )–%–!–),P]=sf] ls=g+=%($ sf] If]qkmn )–)–@–@, P]=sf]ls=g+=%^& sf] If]qkmn )–$–)–) 3/ hUufa/fdb ePsf ;'gnufotsf cGo lhG;L ;fdfgx¿ljkIfL tTsfn g]kfn O08f]:j]h a}Fssf] xfnsf]g]kfn OGe]i6d]06 a}FsnfO{ lbg] eGg] sf7df8f}FlhNnf cbfntsf] ldlt @)^!.@.& sf] km};nf /;f] km};nfnfO{ ;b/ ug]{ u/]sf] k'g/fj]bg cbfntkf6g nlntk'/sf] ldlt @)^#.%.! sf] km};nfdfpNn]v ePsf] ;f] xb;Ddsf] Joxf]/fdfq sfof{Gjoggug'{ gu/fpg' eGg] k|ltif]wsf] cfb]z tyf lhNnfcbfnt tx;Ln zfvfsf] ldlt @)^#.!).# sf]krf{sf] cfwf/df ljkIfL g]kfn OGe]i6d]06 a}Fssfgfddf btf{ ug]{ u/]sf] ;Dk"0f{ sfdsf/jfxLpTk|]if0fsf] cfb]zåf/f ab/ u/L xfdL lgj]bsx¿sf]3/af6 a/fdb ePsf ;'gnufotsf lhG;L;fdfgx¿ Pj+ plNnlvt lsQf g+=sf 3/ hUufx¿

b08 ;hfosf @^,#),#!,#&,$@ g+= sfsfg"gadf]lhdsf k|lqmof cjnDag u/]/ dfqljkIfL g]kfn OGe]i6d]06 a}Fsn] kfpg] lauf] Pj+h/Ljfgf c;"n ug'{ eGg] k|ToyL{x¿sf] gfddfcGtl/d ;+ljwfg, @)^# sf] wf/f !)&-@_d'tfljs k/dfb]znufot hf] rflxg] pko'Qmcf1f cfb]z Pj+ k"hL{ hf/L ul/kfpFm . ;fy}ljkIfL g]kfn OGe]i6d]06 a}Fsn] ldlt @)^$.!.@!ut]sf] kqn] #) lbgleq g} 3/ vfnL ul/lbg;"rgf;d]t lbO;s]sf] x'Fbf of] l/6 lgj]bg clGtdlsgf/f geP;Dd plNnlvt lsQfsf] 3/hUufxfn ;fljs u/L sfod x'g cfPsf] sf7df8f}FlhNnf dxfgu/kflnsf j8f g+=$ l;6 g+=(*^–!% ls=g+=#)) sf] If]qkmn ),@%$=^@ ju{dL6/hUuf / ;f] hUufdf /x]sf] 3/;d]tsf] 3/hUufaf6lgj]bsx¿nfO{ gx6fpg' tyf x6\g gnufpg'Pj+ ljkIfL a}Fssf] gfdaf6 cGo JolQmsf] gfddfplNnlvt 3/hUufsf] x:tfGt/0f gug'{ gu/fpg'egL ;jf]{Rr cbfnt lgodfjnL, @)$( sf]lgod $! d'tfljs cGtl/d cfb]z;d]t hf/Lul/kfpFm eGg];d]t Joxf]/fsf] l/6 lgj]bg lhsL/ .o;df s ] s;f ] ePsf ] xf ] , lgj ]bssf ]dfuadf]lhdsf] cfb]z lsg hf/L x'g gkg]{ xf], of]cfb]zk|fKt ePsf ldltn] af6fsf] Dofbafx]s !%lbgleq ;DalGwt ldl;n ;fy} /fvL lnlvthjfkm k7fpg' hjfkm cfPkl5 jf cjlw gf3]kl5lgodadf]lhd k]z ug"{ . cGtl/d cfb]zsf] dfu;DaGwdf 5nkmnsf] lgldQ ljkIfLnfO{ ;"rgflbO{ lgodadf]lhd k]z ug{' eGg] ;d]t o;cbfntsf] ldlt @)^$.@.@@ sf] cfb]z .

k|:t't lgj]bgsf] clGtd lsgf/f geP;Ddlgj]bgdf plNnlvt lsQfsf] 3/ hUuf xfn;fljs u/L sfod x'g cfPsf] sf7df8f}F lhNnfdxfgu/kflnsf j8f g+=$ l;6 g+=!*^–!% lsQfg+=#)) sf] If]qkmn ),@%=$^@ ju{ dL= hUuf /;f] hUufdf /x]sf] 3/;d]tsf] 3/ JolQmsf] gfpFdf



276276276276276

plNnlvt 3/hUufsf] x:tfGt/0f gug'{ gu/fpg'Pj+ ljkIfL a}Fssf] gfdaf6 cGo JolQmsf] gfpFdfplNnlvt 3/hUufsf] x:tfGt/0f gug'{, gu/fpg'egL ;jf]{Rr cbfnt lgodfjnL, @)$( sf]lgod $! d'tfljs cGtl/d cfb]z hf/L ul/kfpFmeGg] lgj]bssf] dfu ePsf]df O08f]:j]h a}Fssf]hfx]/Ln] jfbL g]kfn ;/sf/ / k|ltjfbL dw';'bgk'/L ;d]t ePsf] kmf}=k'=g+=&@.*$& ;d]tsf] 7uLd'2fdf ePsf] km};nfadf]lhdsf hUufx¿OGe]i6d]06 a}Fssf] gfpFdf bflvn vf/]h ePsf]b]lvof] . ;f] 7uL d'2f clGtd ¿kdf /x]sf]lgj]bssf] dfuadf]lhd cGtl/d cfb]z hf/LgePdf lgj]bsnfO{ ck"/0fLo Iflt k'Ug] cj:yf;d]tljBdfg gx'Fbf lgj]bssf] dfuadf]lhd cGtl/dcfb]z hf/L ug'{ k/]g . lgodfg';f/ k]z ug'{ eGg]o; cbfntsf] ldlt @)^$.^.@ sf] cfb]z .

z'? sf7df8f}+ lhNnf cbfntaf6 s}bh/Ljfgf ug]{ u/]sf] km};nfpk/ o; cbfntdfk'g/fj]bs k|ltjfbLx¿n] k'g/fj]bg ubf{ k"0f{ ¿kdf;kmfO kfpFm eGg] k'g/fj]bg lhsL/ lnPsf] /g]kfn ;/sf/tkm{af6 k/]sf] k'g/fj]bgdf cleof]ubfjLadf]lhd ;hfo ul/kfpFm egL k/]sf]k'g/fj]bg;lxtsf] ldl;n cWoog u/L x]bf{k'g/fj]bs k|ltjfbLx¿n] cbfntdf aofg ubf{cleof]u bfjLadf]lhd s;"/ u/]sf] xf]Og egLaofg u/] tfklg clwsf/k|fKt clwsf/L;dIfaofg ubf{ a}Fssf] r]sa's kfpFm egL sLt]{ lgj]bglbO{ r]sa's lnO{ vftfjfnfsf] ;xL r]sdf sLt]{u/L a}Fsaf6 /sd lgsfn]sf]df lajfb b}lvFb}g .k|ltjfbLx¿af6 a/fdb ePsf 3/hUufsf] lnvtdf]6/;fOsn k|f8f] uf8L, gub ¿k}ofF;d]tsf;fdu|Lx¿af6 klg a}Fs 7uL u/]sf] tYo lglj{jfb¿kdf k'li6 x'g cfPsf]n] z'? sf7df8f}F lhNnfcbfntaf6 ldlt @)^!.@.& df ePsf] km};nfldn]s} b]lvFbf ;b/ x'g] 7x/L o; cbfntaf6ldlt @)^#.%.! df km};nf ePsf] b]lvof] . o;/L

cbfntaf6 sfg"gadf]lhd ePsf] km};nfdf pNn]vePsf] xb;Dd k|ltif]wsf] cfb]zn] ab/ u/fpgl/6 hf/L x'g;Sg] cj:yf;d]t gx'Fbf k|:t't l/6lgj]bg vf/]h ul/kfpFm eGg] ;d]t Joxf]/fsf]k'g/fj]bg cbfnt, kf6gsf] tkm{af6 kg{ cfPsf]lnlvt hjfkm .

k'g/fj]bg cbfnt kf6gsf] km};nfpk/;jf]{Rr cbfntdf bf]xf]¥ofO{ kfpFm egL k|j]z ug{kfpg] xs cem} ;'/lIft g} /x]sfn] tx;Lnbf/sf]cfb]z Pj+ sfdsf/jfxLsf] Goflos 5fgaLg u/LlhNnf cbfnt lgodfjnL, @)%@ sf] lgod !#-#_ adf]lhd ;hfo sf/jfxL ul/kfpFm eGg] ;d]tJoxf]/fsf] o; cbfntdf x'nfsdfkm{t\ k|fKtk|ltjfbL dw';'bg k'/Lsf] lgj]bgdf o;df sf7df8f}FlhNnf cbfntsf] ldlt @)^!.@.& sf] km};nf g};b/ x'g] 7x/L k'g/fj]bg cbfnt, kf6gaf6ldlt @)^#.%.! df km };nf ePsf ] ;f ]km};nfadf]lhd g} pQm h]yf tyf crn ;DklQhfx]/jfnfsf] gfpFdf bf=vf=btf{ u/L lbg' egL;DalGwt lgsfox¿df n]vL k7fPsf] b]lvFbf /Dofbleq ;d]t k|:t't lgj]bg kg{ cfPsf] gb]lvFbflgj]bg btf{ ug{ ldn]g sfg"gadf]lhd ug'{ eGg]tx;Lnbf/sf] ldlt @)^$.!.$ sf] cfb]zkm};nfcg'¿k g} eP u/]sf] sfdsf/jfxL x'Fbflgj]bssf] dfuadf]lhdsf] cfb]z hf/L x'g'gkg]{x'Fbf vf/]h ul/kfpFm eGg] ;d]t Joxf]/fsf] sf7df8f}+lhNnf cbfntsf] tkm{af6 kg{ cfPsf] lnlvthjfkm .

ljjflbt lsQf hUuf xfn;fljs ug'{kg]{x'Fbf xf=;f=sf] nflu gfkL zfvf l8NnLahf/dfn]vL k7fpFbf gfkL zfvf l8NnLahf/sf]r=g+=#!@( ldlt @)^#.!@.@! sf] kqaf6 ;fljs@#j= ls=g+= %(#, %($ / %^& xfn gu/ $l;6 g+=(*^–!% ls=g+=!@% dWo] le8\g] AnsgfkL ePsf] x'Fbf lkmN8 r]s u/L ls=sf=ug'{kg]{egL n]lvcfPadf]lhd lsQfsf6sf] nflu n]vL

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k7fpFbf gfkL zfvf l8NnLahf/sf] r=g+=##@@ldlt @)^$.!.@ sf] kqaf6 pQm ls=g+= !@%lsQfsf6 u/L ls=g+=#)! df @%$=^@ ju{dL6/3/hUuf ;fljs ls=g+=%(#, %($ / %^& sf]tkm{ ls=sf= e} cfPsf] / ;fljs eGbf xfnIf]qkmn 36L ePsf]df 36L g} hUuf bf=vf=u/Llng d~h"/ 5 egL a}Fsn] d~h"/L kq ldlt@)^$.!.^ df n]vL k7fPadf]ldh o; sfof{noaf6ls=g+=#)! sf] 3/hUuf pQm j}+ssf gfddfxf=;f=bf=vf=u/L lbg] u/L ldlt @)^$.!.!^ dflg0f{o ePsf] . cbfntsf] cfb]z sfof{Gjog ug'{o; sfof{nosf] bfloTjleq kg]{ x'Fbf sf7df8f}FlhNnf cbfntsf] r=g+=!)&% ldlt @)^#.!).)$hgfp kq;fy k|fKt ldlt @)^#.!).# sf] cfb]zkq r=g++ !^*$ ldlt @)^#.!@.#) sf] j8fg+=@# sf] ;§f j8f g+=@# j x'g] u/L ldlt@)^#.!@.#) df ePsf] cfb]z;lxtsf] kq;d]tsf]cfwf/df plNnlvt a} Fssf gfpFdf o;sfof{noaf6 xf=;f=bf=vf= ePsf] x'Fbf ljkIfLlgj]bssf] dfubfjL vf/]hefuL ePsf]n] lghsf]l/6 lgj]bgadf]lhd cfb]z hf/L x'g'kg]{ xf]OgeGg];d]t Joxf ]/fsf ] dfnkf ]t sfof {nol8NnLahf/sf] tkm{af6 kg{ cfPsf] lnlvthjfkm .

tx–txsf cbfntaf6 km};nf eO{clGtd sfod ePsf] km};nfadf]lhd ePsf]sfdsf/jfxL tyf km};nfnfO{ l/6 If]qaf6 x]/Lx:tIf]k jf ab/ ug{ ldNg] xf]Og . k|:t't ljjfbdfljkIfLx¿sf cfdf afa'n] sfg"gadf]lhd k'g/fj]bgu/L k'g/fj]bg txaf6 ;d]t xf/]kl5 ;DdfgLtcbfntx¿sf] km};nf sfof{Gjogsf] k|Zg p7fO{a}Fs 7uLaf6 v/Lb u/L lnPsf] rncrn ;DklQarfpg ;lsG5 ls eGg] clek|fon] dfq k|:t'tlgj]bg lbPsf] k|i6 5 . ljkIfLn] ljjfb p7fpg'ePsf] d'2f tyf rncrn ;DklQ ;f] d'2f -a}Fs7uL_ sf] sf/jfxLsf] qmddf a/fdb ePsf] rn

crn ;DklQ ePsf] / plNnlvt ;DklQ o;a}Fsaf6 7uL u/L lnPsf] /sdaf6 v/Lb u/]sf]k|dfl0ft ePsf]n] sfod d"NofÍgcg';f/ ;f];DklQx¿ o; a}sn] kfpg] 7x/L tx–txcbfntx¿af6 ePsf km};nfadf]lhd o; a}+ssf]gfddf 3/hUuf;d]t gfd;f/L ePsf] x'gfn]ljkIfLn] ljjfb ug{' ePsf] b08 ;hfosf] k|fjwfgTo;/L a/fdb ePsf] ;fdfgx¿ e/fpg] qmddfcfslif{t gx'g] x'Fbf ljkIfLsf] lgj]bg vf/]hefuL5 eGg] ;d]t Joxf]/fsf] g]kfn OGe]i6d]06 a}+sln=sf] tkm{af6 kg{ cfPsf] lnlvt hjfkm .ljkIfLx¿n] dnfO{ ljkIfL agfpg' kg]{ s'g}cfjZostf 5}g . lsgls ljkIfLx¿n] bfjL u/]sf]3/hUuf ljkIfLx¿;d]tsf] c+zxs nfUg] k}t[s;DklQ ePsf] x'Fbf ;f] k}t[s ;DklQsf d"nxsbf/ d lnlvthjfkm k|:t'tstf{ / d]/f] ;f}t]gLcfdf lgj]bs wgs'df/L k'/L ePsf] / d]/f] efuaf6;d]t ljkIfL gfafns 5f]/L tyf 5f ]/f>LdtL;d]tsf] c+zxs nfUg] cj:yf k|i6 5 .d}n] s'g} ck/fw u/]afkt ;hfo kfpFm eg] klg;f]sf] efuLbf/ d]/f lgbf]{if c+lzof/x¿ x'g'kg]{x'Fb}g . To;} sf/0fn] plNnlvt ;uf]nsf] k}t[s;DklQaf6 ljkIfLx¿n] cfkm\gf] c+zxs k|fKtug]{ g};lu{s sfg"gL xs lghx¿;Fu k|i6 ¿kdf/xg] ePsf] / ;f] xspk/ d}n] s'g} x:tIf]kug{;Sg] cj:yf gePsf]n] ubf{ ljkIfLx¿n]cfkm\gf] l/6 lgj]bgdf pNn]v u/]adf]lhd d}n]lghx¿sf] s'g} klg xs clwsf/sf] xgg\ gu/]sf]x'Fbf dnfO{ ljkIfL agfO{ /xg'kg]{ sf/0f gePsf]n]ubf{ dnfO{ ljkIfL agfO{ bfo/ u/]sf] lgj]bgvf/]h ul/kfpFm eGg] ;d]t Joxf]/fsf] dw';'bgk'/Lsf] tkm{af6 kg{ cfPsf] lnlvt hjfkm .

lgodadf]lhd b}lgs k]zL ;"rLdf r9LOhnf;;dIf k]z x'g cfPsf] k|:t't d'2fsf] z'?/ k'g/fj]bg ldl;n;d]t cWoog u/L l/6lgj]bsx¿sf] tkm{af6 pkl:yt ljåfg jl/i7



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clwjQmf ljZjsfGt d}gfnL, ljåfg clwjQmfx¿aRr'l;Fx v8\sf, t'N;L l;Fv8f, ;f]dsfGt d}gfnLtyf ljåfg j}tlgs clwjQmf /fdxl/ zdf{n]xfd|f] kIfsf] k}t[s rncrn ;DklQaf6 km};nfsfof{Gjog x'g' x'Fb}g . kmf}hbf/L s;"/df afa'n]u/]sf] s;"/ ck/fwdf 5f]/f5f]/Lsf] xssf];DklQaf6 c;"npk/ ug{ ldNb}g . afnaflnsfn]c+zkfpg] sfg"gL xs ;+/If0f x'g'kb{5 . sfg"gsf]plrt k|lqmof k"/f u/]/ dfq 3/hUuf hkmtx'g'kb{5 . km};nfsf] sfof{Gjog sfg"g;Ddtx''g'kb{5 . l/6 lgj]bs wgs'df/L k'/L / dlgifk'/Ln] hkmt ePsf] 3/hUuf, ;'g tyf cGo;/;fdfgaf6 c+zkfpg] xs ;+/lIft x'g'kb{5 .g]kfn O08f]:j]h a}Fs g]kfn OGe]i6d]06 a}FsdfufleO{ ;s]sf] 5 . aLdfsf] /sd klg a}Fsn]lnPsf] 5 . k|lqmof k"/f u/]/ lnnfd ug'{ eGg]k/dfb]z hf/L x'g'kb{5 / afnaflnsfsf] xs;Dd3/hUuf k'ms'jf x'g'kb{5 egL ug'{ePsf] ax;lhsL/;d]t ;'lgof] .

To:t} a}Fsx¿sf] tkm{af6 pkl:yt ljåfgclwjQmf bLks >]i7 / ;'wL/dfg >]i7n] a}gf3/fo;L lnvt xf] . hlxn] ;'s} agfpg ;lsg]cj:yf /xG5 . 7uLsf] 36gf @)%^ d+l;/b]lv@)%^ k';;Dddf ePsf] 5 . ladnf ¿kfv]tLsfgfddf @)%^.(.& df ;f] ;DklQ v/Lb ul/Psf]5 . 3/hUuf a}Fssf] gfddf cfPkl5 hf]ufpg;lsG5 ls eg]/ l/6df cfpg'ePsf] xf] . o;dfb08 ;hfosf] $@ g+= sf] cj:yf cfslif{t x'g]xf]Og . cbfntsf] km};nfd} tL ;DklQx¿ 7uLsf]/sdaf6 v/Lb u/]sf]n] ;f] ;DklQx¿ a}FsnfO{lbg] egL cbfntn] g} eg]sf] 5 . ;f]xLcg';f/cbfntaf6 clGtd km};nf e} sfof{Gjog e};s]sf]cj:yf 5 . cbfntsf] km};nfsf] tk;Ln v08dfg} :ki6 n]lvPsf] 5 . ;f]xLadf]lhd a}Fsn] km};nfsfof{Gjog u/L lnPsf] xf] . ladnf ¿kfv]tLsf]gfddf ;DklQ 5 . pxfFn] g} 7uLsf] /sdaf6

v/Lb u/]sf] egL :jLsf/ u/L k'g/fj]bg;d]tgu/L a:g' ePsf] 5 . aLdfaf6 bf]xf]/f] /sdlnPsf] eGg] s'/fdf bf]xf]/f] /sd lnPsf] klg5}g . 3/hUuf lhG;L ;fdfgx¿, uf8L,df]6/;fOsn, ;'g ;a}nfO{ cbfntn] b;Lsf]¿kdf dfg]sf] 5 . 3/leq k:g glbPsf] egLlgif]wf1f u/]sf]df ;f] klg vf/]h e};s]sf] 5 .t;y{ l/6 vf/]h x'g'kb{5 egL ug'{ePsf] ax; /To:t} g]kfn ;/sf/sf] tkm{af6 pkl:yt ljåfg;xGofoflwjQmf ;/f]h uf}tdn] l/6 vf/]h x'g'kb{5egL ug'{ ePsf] ax; lhsL/;d]t ;'lgof] .

ljåfg sfg"g Joj;foLx¿sf] ax;lhsL/;d]t ;'gL x]bf{ lgj]bssf] dfuadf]lhdsf]cfb]z hf/L x'g'kg]{ xf] xf]Og ;f]xL ;DaGwdflg0f{o lbg'kg]{ b]lvg cfof] .

ldl;n cWoog u/L x]bf{ xfd|f] a;f]af;sf]3/hUuf O08f]:j]h a}Fssf] hfx]/Ln] jfbL g]kfn;/sf/ k|ltjfbL dw';'bg k'/L;d]t ePsf] a}Fs7uL d'2fdf sf7df8f} F lhNnf cbfntaf6k|ltjfbLx¿af6 a/fdb x'g cfPsf gub, lhG;L,k|f8f] hLk, 7uL u/]sf] ¿k}ofFaf6 v/Lb u/]sf]3/hUuf, ;'g g]kfn O08f]:j]h a}FsnfO{ lbnfO{gk'u x'g cfpg] ?=#@,#%,))).– k|ltjfbLx¿af6a}Fsn] lbnfO{ e/fO kfpg] 7x5{ eGg] km};nf eO{k'g/fj]bg cbfnt kf6gaf6 ;b/ ePcg'¿ksf7df8f}F lhNnf cbfnt tx;Ln zfvfsf] ldlt@)^#.!).# sf] lg0f{o krf{ / ;f]sf] cfwf/dfePsf] dfnkf]t sfof{no sf7df8f}Fsf] ldlt@)^$.!.!& sf] lg0f{o krf{adf]lhd ljkIfL a}Fssf]gfddf bf=vf=btf{ ePsf] / pQm 3/ vfnL ul/lbgegL a}Fsn] xfdLnfO{ kqfrf/ u/]sf]n] pQmxfd|f];d]t xs nfUg] 3/hUuf ;'gnufotsf;fdfgx¿ xfdLnfO{ yfxf hfgsf/L gu/fO{, s'g}klg sfg"gL k|lqmof gk'¥ofO{ ljkIfL a}Fssf] gfddful/lbPsfn] ljkIfL lhNnf cbfntaf6 / ljkIfLdfnkf]t sfof{noaf6 ePsf] lg0f{o krf{af6

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xfdLx¿sf] sfg"gL tyf ;+j}wflgs xsdf cf3ftk'u]sf] x'Fbf plNnlvt ljkIfLsf] lg0f{o krf{pTk|]if0fsf] cfb]zåf/f ab/ ul/kfpFm eGg] l/6lgj]bg lhsL/ b]lvG5 eg] cbfntsf km};nfaf6k|fKt eO{ sfg"gadf]lhd ul/Psf] lg0f{oaf6 l/6lgj]bssf] s'g} sfg"gL tyf ;+j}wflgs xs xgg\ePsf] 5}g, k|:t't l/6 lgj]bg vf/]h x'g'kb{5eGg] ;d]t Joxf]/fsf] cGo ljkIfLx¿sf] lnlvthjfkm k/]sf] b]lvG5 . To:t} ljkIfLdWo]sfdw';'bg k'/Laf6 d]/f] gfddf /x]sf] k}t[s;DklQdf l/6 lgj]bsx¿sf] klg c+z xs nfUb5dnfO{ ljkIfL agfO/xg' kg]{ xf]Og t;y{ l/6lgj]bg vf/]h ul/kfpFm eGg] ;d]t Joxf]/fsf]lnlvt hjfkm k/]sf] b]lvG5 eg] ljkIfLdWo]sfladnf k'/Laf6 lnlvt hjfkm k/]sf] b]lvPg .

@= lg0f {otkm { ljrf/ ubf { log }ljkIfLdWo]sf dw';'bg k'/L / ladnf k'/L ;d]tnfO{k|ltjfbL agfO{ g]kfn O08f]:j]h a}FsnufotsfcGo a}Fsx¿;d]tdf 7uL u/]sf] egL cleof]udfubfjL ePsf]df g]kfn O08f]:j]h a}Fssf] kqn]g]kfn ;/sf/ jfbL / oL ljkIfL dw';'bg k'/L;d]tk|ltjfbL ePsf] a}Fs 7uL d'2fdf z'? sf7df8f}FlhNnf cbfntaf6 km};nf x'Fbf k|ltjfbL ladnf¿kfv]tL k'/Lsf] xsdf ljrf/ ubf{ lghn] z'?Dofb} u'hf/L a;]sf] b]lvFbf cleof]u bfjLnfO{:jLsf/ u/]sf] dfGg' kg]{ / lghsf] 7uL sfo{dfk|ToIf ;/f]sf/ geP klg 7uL u/]sf] /sdaf6lghn] ;'gsf u/uxgf / 3/hUufx¿ v/Lbu/]sf] b]lvFbf 7uLsf] % g+= adf]lhd dltof/b]lvPsf] x'Fbf s;"/sf] k|s[ltcg';f/ lghnfO{7uLsf] %,$ g+= adf]lhd thjLhL s}b ! jif{ /?=%,))).– h/Ljfgf x'g] ;d]t eGb} O08f]:j]ha}Fssf] ;]jfu|fxL ofs sfk]{6sf] vftfdf /x]sf]?=@ s/f]8 % nfv %) xhf/ vftfjfnfsf] sLt]{b:tvt u/L r]sa's lnO{ r]sdf sLt]{ ;xL5fkb:tvt u/L 7uL u/]sf] s;"/df k|ltjfbLx¿af6

a/fdb x'g cfPsf gub, lhG;L, k|f8f] hLk /7uLsf] ¿k}+ofaf6 v/Lb u/]sf] 3/hUuf g]kfnO08f]:j]h a}+snfO{ lbnfO{ gk'u x'g cfpg] ljuf]?=#@,#%,#)).– k|ltjfbLaf6 a}+sn] lbnfO{ e/fO{kfpg] 7x5{ eGg] k'g/fj]bg cbfnt;d]taf6km};nf ePsf] b]lvG5 . ;f]xL km};nfsf] tk;Lnv08sf] k|s/0f $ df hfx]/jfnf O08f]:j]h a}Fssf]k | ltjfbLx¿n ] 7uL u/ ]sf ] /sd?=@,)%,%),))).– dWo] k|ltjfbLx¿af6 a/fdbe} cleof]u kq;fy k]z ePsf gub, ;'g,lhG;L, af=#=r=!*#! g++ sf] k|f8f] hLk / 7uLsf]¿k}ofFaf6 v/Lb u/]sf] 3/hUuf;d]tsf] hDdfd"No ?=!,&#,!$,&)).– a/fa/sf] gub, lhG;L,wgdfn lkmtf{ kfpFm egL hfx]/jfnf O08f]:j]ha}Fssf] b/vf:t k/] sfg"gsf] /Lt k'¥ofO{ nfUg]b:t"/ lnO{ lkmtf{ lbg' eGg];d]t Joxf]/f pNn]vePsf] b]lvG5 .

#= o;/L sfg"gadf]lhd clVtof/ k|fKtlgsfoaf6 km};nf e} d'2f clGtd e} a;]sf]cj:yf b]lvPsf] / ;f]xL km};nfsf] 7x/ v08 /tk;Ln v08df ;d]t pNn]v u/L 7uL u/]sf]7x/ ePsf] / ;f] plNnlvt gub, lhG;L, ;'g,3/hUuf / cGo ;fdfgx¿;d]t tyf ;f]sf]sfuhftx¿ ;d]t a/fdb e} b;Lsf] ¿kdf k]zePsf] / 7uL u/]sf] /sdaf6 v/Lb u/]]sf] b]lvO{cflwsfl/s lgsfoaf6 km};nfd} :ki6 ¿kdfpNn]v e};s]sf] b]lvG5 .

$= o;/L ;Ifd lgsfoaf6 clGtdkm};nf e} ;f]xL km};nfn] g} 7uL d'2fdf a/fdbePsf gub, lhG;L, ;'g, 3/ hUuf / uf8Lg++=;d]t pNn]v u/L O08f]:j]h a}FsnfO{ lbg' egLpNn]v u/]sf] / ;f]sf] cnfjf gk'u /sd¿=#@,#%,#)).–oL k|ltjfbL dw';'bg k'/L;d]tsfcGo k|ltjfbLx¿n] hgxL ?=%,#(,@!^.^^ sfb/n] gk'u /sd;d]t g]kfn O08f]:j]h a}Fsaf6e/fO{ lbg' egL :ki6 ¿kdf pNn]v ePsf] b]lvG5 .



280280280280280

of] km};nfnfO{ lgj]bsx¿n] ljlwjt\ r'gf}tL lbPsf];d]t kfOFb}g . ;f] km};nf clGtd /x];Dd ;f]dfplNnlvt 7x/nfO{ cGoyf ug{ ;lsGg .

%= 7uL d'2fdf a/fdb ePsf gub,lhG;L, ;'g, uf8L, 3/hUufnufotsf ;fdfgx¿Pp6f ;Ifd cbfntn] 7uLsf] /sdaf6 g} v/Lbu/]sf] 7x/fO{ ;DalGwt a}FsnfO{ lkmtf{ lbnfO{lbg' egL pNn]v ul/;s]sf] / ;f]pk/ k'g/fj]bgk/L ;f]xL ;b/ ePsf] / ;f]pk/ h;sf] gfddf3/hUuf 5 tL k|ltjfbL ladnf k'/Ln] lrQa'emfO{ k'g/fj]bg;d]t gu/L a;]sf] ;d]t b]lvG5 .3/hUuf, ;'g tyf gub lhG;Lnufotsf7uLh:tf] kmf}hbf/L d'2fdf a/fdb e} b;Lsf]¿kdf cbfnt ;fd' k]z ePsf cj}wflgs;DklQdf oL l/6 lgj]bsx¿sf] s'g} klg lsl;dsf]xs /xg] cj:yf b]lvg cfPg . oL ;DklQ k}t[sdfGg ;lsg] s'g} cfwf/ lgj]bsx¿n] k]z ug{;s]sf] kfOFb}g .

^= ljkIfL dw';'bg k'/L / ladnf k'/Ln]u/]sf] kmf}hbf/L s;"/sf] ;hfo xfdL gfafnslgj]bsx¿ ;d]tn] ef]Ug'kg]{ xf]Og / xfd|f];d]tc+zxs nfUg] ;uf]nsf] 3/hUufaf6 ltg'{kg]{ xf]OgeGg] lhsL/ ;DaGwdf x]bf{ tL ;DklQ a}Fs 7uLsf]kmf}hbf/L d'2f;Fu ;DalGwt ePsf] 7x/ eP/a;]sf] kfOG5 . dw';'bg k'/Ln] ljleGg a}+sdf/x]sf] gub ljleGg JolQmx¿sf] r]ssf] x:tfIf/sLt]{ u/L lgsfnL 7uL u/]sf] ;d]t 7x/]sf]cj:yfdf oL lgj]bsx¿sf] egfOcg';f/ Tof];DklQdf lgj]bsx¿sf] c+z xs 5 egL cbfntn]lg0f{o ug{ ldNb}g . b;Lsf] ¿kdf cbfntdfk]z ePsf] / b;L 7x/L clGtd eP/ a;]sf] eO{cbfntsf] tx–txsf km};nfaf6 hkmt x'g]7x/fPsf] ;DklQaf6 c+zxs 5'6\ofO{ kfpFm eGg]dfubfjL :jfefljs / sfg"g;Ddt\ b]lvg cfPg .c+zxs k}t[s ;DklQdf dfq cGt/e"t /xg]s'/f xf] . ck/fwsf] k|ltkmn :j¿k k|fKt ePsf]

;DklQdf d"n c+lzof/ s} xs gx'g] cj:yfdflghsf c+lzof/sf] xs x'G5 eGg] dfGg ;lsGg .

&= cbfntdf b;Lsf] ¿kdf k]z ePsfgubL lhG;L rncrn ;fdfgx¿ 7uL u/]sf]/sdaf6 g} v/Lb u/]sf] eGg] 7x/ e};s]sf]cj:yfdf To;nfO{ k}t[s ;DklQ dfGg ;lsGg .o:tf] ;DklQdf b;Lsf] ¿kdf k|fKt ePsfrLhj:t'x¿df klg l/6 lgj]bsx¿sf] c+zxsnfUg] cj:yf b]lvg cfPg . o;/L 7uL u/]sf]/sdaf6 v/Lb u/]sf] 3/ hUufdf klg c+zxsdfu ug'{ :joddf g} cj}wflgs x'G5 . cj}ws'/faf6 j}w xs l;h{gf x'Fb}g .

*= t;y { , ;Ifd cbfntaf6sfg"gadf]lhd clGtd km};nf e} ;s]kl5 ;f]km};nf cGoyf geO{ sfod /x]sf] cj:yfdfcsf]{ ;Ifd km};nf sfof{Gjog ug]{ lgsfoaf6km};nf sfof{Gjogsf] l;nl;nfdf ul/Psf]sf7df8f}F lhNnf cbfntsf] tx;Ln zfvfsf]ldlt @)^#.!).# sf] lg0f{o krf{ / ;f]sf] cfwf/dfePsf] dfnkf]t sfof{no, sf7df8f}Fsf] ldlt@)^$.!.!& sf] lg0f{o krf{adf]lhd ljkIfL a}Fssf]gfddf bf=vf=btf{ ePsf] / pQm 3/ vfnL ul/lbgegL a}Fsn] u/]sf] kqfrf/af6 oL l/6 lgj]bsx¿sf]sfg"gL tyf ;+j}wflgs clwsf/df cf3ft k'u]sf]dfGg ldn]g k|:t't l/6 lgj]bg vf/]h x'g] 7x5{ .k|:t't d'2fsf] bfo/Lsf] nut s§f u/L ldl;nlgodfg';f/ u/L clen]v zfvfdf a'emfO{ lbg" .

pQm /fodf ;xdt 5' .

Gof=;'zLnf sfsL{

Olt ;+jt\ @)^( ;fn c;f]h @# ut] /f]h # z'ed\Ohnf; clws[t M– x]daxfb'/ ;]g

&&&&&

281281281281281

lg0f{o g+=*(^* lg0f{o g+=*(^* lg0f{o g+=*(^* lg0f{o g+=*(^* lg0f{o g+=*(^*

;jf]{Rr cbfnt, ;+o'Qm Ohnf;dfggLo GofofwLz >L k|sfz j:tL

dfggLo GofofwLz k|f=8f=>L e/taxfb'/ sfsL{)^%–WO–)@!*

cfb]z ldltM @)^(.*.%.#

ljÈo– pTk|]if0fldl>t k/dfb]z .

lgj]bsM sf7df8f}" tfxfrndf d"n sfof{no /x]sf]>Ls[i0F cfon l/kmfOg/L P08 e]lh6]jnO08li6«h k|f=ln= sf] tkm{af6 P]=sf]clwsf/k|fKt ;~rfns dlgÈs'df/cu|jfn

lj?4ljkIfLM g]kfn ;/sf/, Psåf/ ;ldlt, pBf]u

ljefu ;d]t

§ jftfj/0F P ]gcg ';f/ jftfj/0Fjftfj/0F P ]gcg ';f/ jftfj/0Fjftfj/0F P ]gcg ';f/ jftfj/0Fjftfj/0F P ]gcg ';f/ jftfj/0Fjftfj/0F P ]gcg ';f/ jftfj/0Fk|efjsf] b[li6n] s'g} pBf]un] pTkfbgk|efjsf] b[li6n] s'g} pBf]un] pTkfbgk|efjsf] b[li6n] s'g} pBf]un] pTkfbgk|efjsf] b[li6n] s'g} pBf]un] pTkfbgk|efjsf] b[li6n] s'g} pBf]un] pTkfbgÔdtfsf] :jLs[lt lng' Ps s'/f xf] .Ôdtfsf] :jLs[lt lng' Ps s'/f xf] .Ôdtfsf] :jLs[lt lng' Ps s'/f xf] .Ôdtfsf] :jLs[lt lng' Ps s'/f xf] .Ôdtfsf] :jLs[lt lng' Ps s'/f xf] .t/ ;f ]x L :jLs [ ltsf ] cfwf/dft/ ;f ]x L :jLs [ ltsf ] cfwf/dft/ ;f ]x L :jLs [ ltsf ] cfwf/dft/ ;f ]x L :jLs [ ltsf ] cfwf/dft/ ;f ]x L :jLs [ ltsf ] cfwf/dfpBf ]un ] lgsf;L u/ ]sf ] ;fdfgpBf ]un ] lgsf;L u/ ]sf ] ;fdfgpBf ]un ] lgsf;L u/ ]sf ] ;fdfgpBf ]un ] lgsf;L u/ ]sf ] ;fdfgpBf ]un ] lgsf;L u/ ]sf ] ;fdfgpTkfbg ubf{ k|of]u ePsf] sRrfpTkfbg ubf{ k|of]u ePsf] sRrfpTkfbg ubf{ k|of]u ePsf] sRrfpTkfbg ubf{ k|of]u ePsf] sRrfpTkfbg ubf{ k|of]u ePsf] sRrfkbfy {df nfu ]sf ] eG;f/ dx;"nkbfy {df nfu ]sf ] eG;f/ dx;"nkbfy {df nfu ]sf ] eG;f/ dx;"nkbfy {df nfu ]sf ] eG;f/ dx;"nkbfy {df nfu ]sf ] eG;f/ dx;"nlkmtf{sf] bfjL ug'{ cs}{ s'/f ePsfn]lkmtf{sf] bfjL ug'{ cs}{ s'/f ePsfn]lkmtf{sf] bfjL ug'{ cs}{ s'/f ePsfn]lkmtf{sf] bfjL ug'{ cs}{ s'/f ePsfn]lkmtf{sf] bfjL ug'{ cs}{ s'/f ePsfn]jftfj/0F P ]gcg ';f/ jftfj/0Fjftfj/0F P ]gcg ';f/ jftfj/0Fjftfj/0F P ]gcg ';f/ jftfj/0Fjftfj/0F P ]gcg ';f/ jftfj/0Fjftfj/0F P ]gcg ';f/ jftfj/0Fk |efj d"NofÍgsf ] b [ li6n] lnOg]k |efj d"NofÍgsf ] b [ li6n] lnOg]k |efj d"NofÍgsf ] b [ li6n] lnOg]k |efj d"NofÍgsf ] b [ li6n] lnOg]k |efj d"NofÍgsf ] b [ li6n] lnOg]:jLs[lt / cf}Bf]lus Joj;fo P]g,:jLs[lt / cf}Bf]lus Joj;fo P]g,:jLs[lt / cf}Bf]lus Joj;fo P]g,:jLs[lt / cf}Bf]lus Joj;fo P]g,:jLs[lt / cf}Bf]lus Joj;fo P]g,@)$( adf]lhd s/ ;'ljwfsf] nflu@)$( adf]lhd s/ ;'ljwfsf] nflu@)$( adf]lhd s/ ;'ljwfsf] nflu@)$( adf]lhd s/ ;'ljwfsf] nflu@)$( adf]lhd s/ ;'ljwfsf] nflulnOg] :jLs[ltnfO{ Ps} cy{df lnglnOg] :jLs[ltnfO{ Ps} cy{df lnglnOg] :jLs[ltnfO{ Ps} cy{df lnglnOg] :jLs[ltnfO{ Ps} cy{df lnglnOg] :jLs[ltnfO{ Ps} cy{df lnggldNg] .gldNg] .gldNg] .gldNg] .gldNg] .

§ pBf]usf] jflif{s pTkfbg Ôdtfj[l4pBf]usf] jflif{s pTkfbg Ôdtfj[l4pBf]usf] jflif{s pTkfbg Ôdtfj[l4pBf]usf] jflif{s pTkfbg Ôdtfj[l4pBf]usf] jflif{s pTkfbg Ôdtfj[l4ug{ ;lsg] ;'ljwfsf] s'/fn] pBf]uug{ ;lsg] ;'ljwfsf] s'/fn] pBf]uug{ ;lsg] ;'ljwfsf] s'/fn] pBf]uug{ ;lsg] ;'ljwfsf] s'/fn] pBf]uug{ ;lsg] ;'ljwfsf] s'/fn] pBf]ubtf{ k|df0F kqdf plNnlvt jflif{sbtf{ k|df0F kqdf plNnlvt jflif{sbtf{ k|df0F kqdf plNnlvt jflif{sbtf{ k|df0F kqdf plNnlvt jflif{sbtf{ k|df0F kqdf plNnlvt jflif{sÔdtfeGbf a9L pTkflbt ;fdfgÔdtfeGbf a9L pTkflbt ;fdfgÔdtfeGbf a9L pTkflbt ;fdfgÔdtfeGbf a9L pTkflbt ;fdfgÔdtfeGbf a9L pTkflbt ;fdfglgsf;L ubf{ ;f] ;fdfgdf k|of]ulgsf;L ubf{ ;f] ;fdfgdf k|of]ulgsf;L ubf{ ;f] ;fdfgdf k|of]ulgsf;L ubf{ ;f] ;fdfgdf k|of]ulgsf;L ubf{ ;f] ;fdfgdf k|of]uePsf] ;fdfgdf nfu]sf] eG;f/ /sdePsf] ;fdfgdf nfu]sf] eG;f/ /sdePsf] ;fdfgdf nfu]sf] eG;f/ /sdePsf] ;fdfgdf nfu]sf] eG;f/ /sdePsf] ;fdfgdf nfu]sf] eG;f/ /sdlkmtf{ dfu ug]{ xs x'g —g;Sg] .lkmtf{ dfu ug]{ xs x'g —g;Sg] .lkmtf{ dfu ug]{ xs x'g —g;Sg] .lkmtf{ dfu ug]{ xs x'g —g;Sg] .lkmtf{ dfu ug]{ xs x'g —g;Sg] .

§ s'g pBf]un] slt kl/df0Fsf] ;fdfgs'g pBf]un] slt kl/df0Fsf] ;fdfgs'g pBf]un] slt kl/df0Fsf] ;fdfgs'g pBf]un] slt kl/df0Fsf] ;fdfgs'g pBf]un] slt kl/df0Fsf] ;fdfgpTkfbg ug] { :jLs[lt lnPsf] 5,pTkfbg ug] { :jLs[lt lnPsf] 5,pTkfbg ug] { :jLs[lt lnPsf] 5,pTkfbg ug] { :jLs[lt lnPsf] 5,pTkfbg ug] { :jLs[lt lnPsf] 5,pQm pBf ]un ] slt;Dd ;fdfgpQm pBf ]un ] slt;Dd ;fdfgpQm pBf ]un ] slt;Dd ;fdfgpQm pBf ]un ] slt;Dd ;fdfgpQm pBf ]un ] slt;Dd ;fdfglgof{t ug{ ;Sg] xf] / ;f] ;fdfgsf]lgof{t ug{ ;Sg] xf] / ;f] ;fdfgsf]lgof{t ug{ ;Sg] xf] / ;f] ;fdfgsf]lgof{t ug{ ;Sg] xf] / ;f] ;fdfgsf]lgof{t ug{ ;Sg] xf] / ;f] ;fdfgsf]sRrf kbfy{ cfoft ubf{ s] sltsRrf kbfy{ cfoft ubf{ s] sltsRrf kbfy{ cfoft ubf{ s] sltsRrf kbfy{ cfoft ubf{ s] sltsRrf kbfy{ cfoft ubf{ s] slts/ lt/]sf] 5 / s] slt /sd lkmtf{s/ lt/]sf] 5 / s] slt /sd lkmtf{s/ lt/]sf] 5 / s] slt /sd lkmtf{s/ lt/]sf] 5 / s] slt /sd lkmtf{s/ lt/]sf] 5 / s] slt /sd lkmtf{lbg'kg]{ xf] eGg] s'/f cd's pBf]un]lbg'kg]{ xf] eGg] s'/f cd's pBf]un]lbg'kg]{ xf] eGg] s'/f cd's pBf]un]lbg'kg]{ xf] eGg] s'/f cd's pBf]un]lbg'kg]{ xf] eGg] s'/f cd's pBf]un]lnPsf ] k |df0F kqdf plNnlvtlnPsf ] k |df0F kqdf plNnlvtlnPsf ] k |df0F kqdf plNnlvtlnPsf ] k |df0F kqdf plNnlvtlnPsf ] k |df0F kqdf plNnlvtÔdtfsf ] / ]s8{;d]tsf ] cfwf/dfÔdtfsf ] / ]s8{;d]tsf ] cfwf/dfÔdtfsf ] / ]s8{;d]tsf ] cfwf/dfÔdtfsf ] / ]s8{;d]tsf ] cfwf/dfÔdtfsf ] / ]s8{;d]tsf ] cfwf/dfpBf]u ljefuaf6 cfwf/ k|df0Faf6pBf]u ljefuaf6 cfwf/ k|df0Faf6pBf]u ljefuaf6 cfwf/ k|df0Faf6pBf]u ljefuaf6 cfwf/ k|df0Faf6pBf]u ljefuaf6 cfwf/ k|df0Faf6osLg ul/g] ljÈo ePsfn] ;a"bosLg ul/g] ljÈo ePsfn] ;a"bosLg ul/g] ljÈo ePsfn] ;a"bosLg ul/g] ljÈo ePsfn] ;a"bosLg ul/g] ljÈo ePsfn] ;a"bk|df0Fsf] d"NofÍgåf/f dfq osLgk|df0Fsf] d"NofÍgåf/f dfq osLgk|df0Fsf] d"NofÍgåf/f dfq osLgk|df0Fsf] d"NofÍgåf/f dfq osLgk|df0Fsf] d"NofÍgåf/f dfq osLgug ' {kg ] { cj:yfdf c;fwf/0 Fug ' { kg ] { cj:yfdf c;fwf/0 Fug ' { kg ] { cj:yfdf c;fwf/0 Fug ' { kg ] { cj:yfdf c;fwf/0 Fug ' { kg ] { cj:yfdf c;fwf/0 Fclwsf/Ô]q cfslÈ{t x'g g;Sg] .clwsf/Ô]q cfslÈ{t x'g g;Sg] .clwsf/Ô]q cfslÈ{t x'g g;Sg] .clwsf/Ô]q cfslÈ{t x'g g;Sg] .clwsf/Ô]q cfslÈ{t x'g g;Sg] .

-k|s/0f g+=(_

lgj]bssf] tkm{af6M ljåfg jl/i7 clwjQmfab|Laxfb'/ sfsL{ / ljåfg\ clwjQmfx¿/fdgf/fo0F lj8f/L Pj+ k|;Ggs'df/ bf;

ljkÔL tkm{af6M ljåfg ;xGofoflwjQmf dx]zyfkf

cjnlDat ghL/M;Da4 sfg"gM§ cf}Bf]lus Joj;fo P]g, @)#* sf] bkmf !#§ cf}Bf]lus Joj;fo P]g, @)$( sf] bkmf

(-!_, !%-k_§ jftfj/0F P]g, @)%# sf] bkmf #

*(^* –*(^* –*(^* –*(^* –*(^* – >Ls[i0f cfon l/kmfOg/L P08 e]lh6]jn Oi8li6«h k|f=ln=lj=Psåfåfåfåfåf/ ;ldlt pBf]u ljefu ;d]t


282282282282282

cfb]zGof=k|sfz j:tLMGof=k|sfz j:tLMGof=k|sfz j:tLMGof=k|sfz j:tLMGof=k|sfz j:tLM g]kfnsf] cGtl/d

;+ljwfg, @)^# sf] wf/f @# Pj+ wf/f !)&-@_cg';f/ bfo/ ePsf] k|:t't l/6 lgj]bgsf] ;+lÔKttYo / lg0F{o o; k|sf/ 5M–

lgj]bs pBf]u sDkgL /lhi6«f/sf]s fof {nodf ld lt @)%@.% .!( .@ dfk|f=ln=g+=#(!( / )%@ / )%# df btf{ eO{ldlt @)%@.^.!@ df pBf]u ljefudf pBf]usf]¿kdf btf{ eO{ k|df0F kq b=g+=)@$.)%@ k|fKtu/L £o" t]n pTkfbg ub}{cfPsf] 5' . cf}Bf]lusJoj;fo P]g, @)#* df pBf]usf] :yfkgfkl5k'g/f]Tyfg, cfw'lgsLs/0F, ljljlws/0F jf lj:tf/ug'{ k/]df g]kfn ;/sf/;"u :jLs[lt lng'kg]{k|fjwfg /x]sf] lyof] . ;f] P]gnfO{ cf}Bf]lusJoj;fo P]g, @)$( n] vf/]h ul/;s]sf] 5 .;f] P]gsf] bkmf ( sf] pkbkmf -!_ df ;'/Ôf,hg:jf:Yo tyf jftfj/0Fdf pNn]vgLo k|lts"nc;/ kfg]{ lsl;dsf] P]= P]gsf] cg';"rL @ dfpNn]v ePsf pBf]ux¿afx]s cGo pBf]usf]:yfkgf lj:tf/ Pj+ ljljwLs/0Fsf] nflu cg'dtLlng gkg]{ sfg"gL Joj:yf u/]sf] 5 . £o", t]npTkfbg ug]{ pBf]u P]= cg';"rL @ sf] kl/lwleqgkg] { ePsf]n] o; pBf]usf] lj:tf/ Pj+ljljwLs/0Fsf] nflu sfg"gn] g} cg'dtL lnggkg]{ Joj:yf gof+ P]gdf ul/;s]sf] s'/fdf s'g}ljjfb 5}g .

jftfj/0F P]g, @)%# nfu" ePkl5P]=P]gsf] bkmf # n] pBf]usf] :yfkgf, lj:tf/ /ljljlws/0F ubf{ jftfj/0F k|efj d"NofÍg u/fpg'kg]{ sfg"gL Joj:yfadf]lhd z'?df pb\ofusf]pTkfbg Ôdtf £o" / t]n u/L !@))) d]=6g/x]sf]df ;f]sf] pTkfbg Ôdtfj[l4 ug'{kg]{ eO{ ;f]k|of]hgsf] nflu jftfj/0F k|efjsf] cWoog u/L

k|ltj]bg;lxt :jLs[ltsf] nflu k]z u/]sf]dfpBf]u ljefusf] ldlt @)%&.$.@ sf] lg0F{oaf6;fljs pTkfbg Ôdtfj[l4 u/L £o" @))))d]=6g / k|zf]lwt t]n %))) d]=6gsf] pTkfbgÔdtf sfod ePsf] lyof] .

pNn]v u/]cg';f/ pTkfbg ÔdtfcGtu{t@)%* ;fn kmfu'g d;fGt;Ddsf] cjlwe/cf=a+=@)%& / )%* df !^!@#.))* d]=6gpTkfbg u/L ;f]dWo] !*%$&.&( d]=6g ef/tlgsf;L u/]sf] / $^=$%( d]=6g :yfgLo ¿kdflaqmL u/]sf] s'/f cfGtl/s /fhZj ljefusf]kqaf6 k|dfl0Ft eO/x]sf] 5 . To;}u/L ef/tlgsf;L u/]sf] kl/df0Fdf lgsf;Ldf ;f] P]gadf]lhdkfpg] ;Dk"0F{ ;'ljwfx¿ pkef]u ub}{cfPsf]clen]vaf6 k|dfl0Ft x'G5 .

g]kfn–ef/taLr O{=;+=@))@.#.% df;DkGg ePsf] jfl0FHo ;D´f}tfsf] k|f]6f]snsf]wf/f % n] g]kfnaf6 ef/tdf lgof{t x'g]jg:klt £o" sf] lgof{tdf kl/df0FfTds aGb]hnufPkl5 k|To]s £o" pBf]unfO{ sf]6f osLgug ] { l;n l;nfd f pBf ]usf ] :j Ls [tpTkfbg;DaGwL Ôdtfsf ] k |Zg cfPkl5pBf]usf] cf}Bf]lus Ohfht kqdf tf]s]sf]kl/df0FnfO{ dfq cfwf/ agfpg] ls ef/tlgof{t u/]sf] kl/df0FnfO{ pTkfbg Ôdtfsf]cfwf/ agfpg] eGg] ;DaGwdf ljjfb ePkl5lgj]bs pBf]un] pBf]u ljefu;d]tsf] lj?4df;DdfgLt ;jf]{Rr cbfntdf ;+jt\ @)%(;fnsf] l/6 g+=#%)) sf] pTk| ]if0fldl>tk/dfb]zsf] lgj]bg u/]sf]df ;DdfgLt ;jf]{Rrcbfntaf6 ldlt @)%(.&.@@ df km};nf x'+bfsfg"gn] g} Ôdtfj[l4sf] nflu :jLs[lt lnggkg]{ Joj:yf u/]sf] x'+bf pBf]usf] jf:tljspTkfbg Ôdtf / lgof{tnfO{ g} pBf]usf] :jLs[tÔdtf dfGg'kg] { egL JofVof ub}{ :jLs[t

283283283283283

jftfj/0F k|efj d"NofÍgcg';f/ pBf]usf]lj:tfl/t Ôdtf / pBf]usf] lgof{tsf] cfwf/dfg} sf]6f lgwf{/0F ug'{kg]{ 7x/ ul/Psf] lyof],;f] km};nf clGtd eP/ /x]sf] 5 .

cf}Bf]lus Joj;fo P]g, @)$( sf] bkmf!%-k_ df pBf]un] cfkm\gf] pTkfbg jf pTkfbgdfk|of]u u/]sf] sRrf kbfy{ ;xfos sRrf kbfy{cflbdf lt/]sf] eG;f/, laqmLs/, cGtz'Ns tyflk|ldod lgsf;L u/]sf] kl/df0Fsf cfwf/dflkmtf{ lbOg] / To;/L lkmtf{ x'g] /fhZj lkmtf{kfpg /Ltk"j{s b/vf:t lbPsf] ;f7L lbgleqlgsf;Lstf{nfO{ lkmtf{ lbOg] egL sfg"gL Joj:yf/x]sf] 5 . lgj]bs pBf]un] pTkfbg u/]sf]jg:klt £o" ef/t lgsf;L ubf{ jg:klt £o"pTkfbg ubf{ k|of]u ePsf] sRrf kbfy{ /;xfos sRrf kbfy{ tyf pBf]us} Pp6f ;+efusf]¿kdf /x]sf] sG6]g/ O{sfOaf6 pTkfbg eO{£o"sf] Koflsª ug{ k|o'Qm ePsf] sG6]g/ pTkfbgdfk|of]u ePsf] sRrf / ;xfos sRrf kbfy{dflt/]sf] eG;f/ dx;"n;d]t lgof{t u/]sf] £o"sf] kl/df0Fsf] cfwf/df lgof{t ePsf] PsjÈ{leq} bfjL u/L lkmtf{ kfp"b} cfPsf] lyof],;f]df pBf]usf] :jLs[t Ôdtf;DaGwL k|Zg p7]sf]lyPg .

lgj]bs pBf]un] cf=a+=)%*/)%( sf]lgof{tsf] ;Gbe{df cfkm\gf] pTkfbgsf] l6gsG6]g/df k|of]u ePsf] sRrf kbfy{df lt/]sf]eG;f/ dx;"n ;DaGwdf bfjL ul/Psf] /sdlkmtf{ dfu ubf{ &*%#.))& d]=6gsf] ;'ljwflkmtf{ lbO{ ;lsPsf] / af"sL !$^.((# d]=6gsf]sRrf kbfy{df nfu]sf] eG;f/ dx;"n lbg] egLldlt @)^%.@.#! df a;]sf] @&* cf}" a}7saf6lg0F{o ePsf]n] pBf]un] dfu u/]sf] eG;f/dx;"n ;DaGwdf Psåf/ ;ldltaf6 ldlt@)^!.!.#! sf] @@@ cf} " a}7saf6 ePsf]

lg0F{ocg';f/ sRrf kbfy{ dfWolds j:t'dfnfu]sf] eG;f/ dx;"n cf}Bf]lus Joj;fo P]gsf];+zf]lwt Joj:yfcg';f/ lkmtf{ lbg gldNg] egLpBf]u ljefusf] r=g+=$%(& ldlt @)^%.#.!&sf] kqaf6 hfgsf/L u/fOPsf] x'+bf pBf]u ljefuPsåf/ ;ldltsf] ldlt @)^%.@.#! sf] a}7sg+=@&* / ldlt @)^!.!.#! sf] a}7s g+=@@@sf] pQm lg0F{ox¿ u}/sfg"gL x'+bf ab/efuL5g\ . lsgls cf}Bf]lus Joj;fo P]g, @)$(sf] bkmf (-!_ n] lglb{i6 u/]sf] cg';"rL @cGt{utsf] ;'/Ôf hg:jf:Yo tyf jftfj/0FdfpNn]vgLo k|lts"n c;/ kg]{ pBf]ux¿afx]scGo pBf ]ux¿sf ] :yfkgf lj:tf/ Pj +ljljwLs/0Fsf] lgldTt :jLs[lt lng' gkg]{ sfg"gLJoj:yf pQm P]g ePsf]n] Ôdtf lj:tf/sf]nflu :jLs[lt lng' gkg]{ ju{leqsf] lgj]bspBf]unfO{ vf/]h eO;s]sf] sfg"gsf] cfwf/dfpQm P]gsf] bkmf !%-k_ n] lbPsf] ;'ljwfaf6al~rt ug]{ u/L ePsf] ljkÔLsf] pk/f]Qmlg0F{ox¿ sfg"gsf] k|ToÔtM q'l6k"0F{ 5 .

;fy} ;jf]{Rr cbfntaf6 o; ;DaGwdfePsf] km};nfn] :jLs[t Ôdtf;DaGwL k|Zgdfljjfb kbf{ pBf]usf] jflÈ{s pTkfbg / lgof{tkl/df0FnfO{ g} :jLs[t Ôdtf dfGg'kg]{ eGg]ePsf] 5 . ;f] k|of]hgsf] nflu pBf]un]ljb]zaf6 jg:klt £o" pTkfbg ug{ sRrf /cw{sRrf kbfy{ cfoft ubf{ ljkÔLaf6 s'g}k|lt/f]w ul/Pg . To;}u/L laqmL ubf{ lt/]sf]/fhZjx¿ ln+bf s'g} Ôdtfsf] s'/f p7]g . t/,sfg"gadf]lhd pBf]un] lkmtf{ kfpg] /sd dfuubf{ sfg"gljk/Ltsf k|Zg p7fO{ ljkÔLx¿af6ldlt @)^!.!.#! / ldlt @)^%.@.#! dfpk/f]Qmfg';f/sf] u}/sfg"gL lg0F{o ePsf] / ;f]lg0 F {osf ] cfwf/df ePsf ;f ];DaGwLkqfrf/x¿;d]t ab/ u/L lgj]bssf] dfu



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bfjLadf]lhd /sd lkmtf{ lbg' egL k/dfb]zhf/L ul/kfpFm eGg] lgj]bs lhsL/ .

o;df s] s;f] ePsf] xf], lgj]bssf]dfuadf]lhdsf] cfb]z lsg hf/L x'g gkg]{ xf], of]cfb]z k|fKt ePsf ldltn] af6fsf] Dofbafx]s!% lbgleq ljkÔLx¿af6 lnlvt hjfkm dufO{lgodfg';f/ u/L k]z ug'{ eGg] o; cbfntsf]ldlt @)^%.&.* sf] cfb]z .

ljkÔL lgj]bs >L s[i0F cfon l/kmfOg/LP08 e]lh6]jn £o" O08i6l«h k|f=ln= cf}Bf]lusJoj:yf P]g, @)$( cGtu{t pTkfbgd"ns 7"nf]pBf]usf] :t/df jflif{s *))) d]=6g £o" t]npTkfbg ug]{ u/L o; ljefudf ldlt @)%@.^.!@df btf{ ePsf] pBf]u xf] . ljkÔL pBf]un]cf=a+=@)%& / %* b]lv @)%( / ^) ;DdpTkfbg u/]sf] jg:klt £o"df k|of]u ePsf] sRrfkbfy{ cfoft ubf{ lt/]sf] eG;f/ dx;"n lkmtf{kfpg ljleGg ldltdf o; ljefudf lgj]bgu/]sf] lyof] .

ljleGg jg:klt £o" pBf ]ux¿n]jg:klt £o" pTkfbg ug{ k|of]u ePsf] sRrfkbfy{ -qm'8 cfon_ df lt/]sf] eG;f/ dx;"nlkmtf{ dfu u/]sf] ;DaGwdf Psåf/ ;ldltdfgLltut lg0F{osf] nflu k]z x' +bf Psåf/;ldltsf] ldlt @)^!.!.#! df a;]sf] @@@cf}" a}7ssf] lg0F{odf jg:klt £o" pBf]ux¿sf]btf{ k|df0F kqdf pNn]v ePsf] ÔdtfeGbfcToflws Ôdtfdf lgof{t u/]sf] cj:yfdfklg To:tf] j:t' pTkfbg ubf{ k|of]u ePsf]sRrf kbfy{df nfu]sf] eG;f/ dx;"n lkmtf{lb"bf d'n'ssf] cf}Bf]lus l:ylt, pTkfbgljj/0F, /fh:j k|Ô]k0F cflbdf ;d]t sl7gfOx'g] b]lvPsf] pBf]u btf{ k|df0F kq jf ;DalGwtlgsfoaf6 lnPsf] :jLs[lt kqdf plNnlvtÔdtf;Ddsf] lgof{t ePsf] j:t' pTkfbg ubf{

k|of]u ePsf] sRrf kbfy{, ;xfos sRrfkbfy{ / dfWolds j:t'df nfu]sf] eG;f/dx;"ndfq cf}Bf]lus Joj;fo P]g, @)$( -;+zf]wg ;lxt_ sf] k|fjwfgcg';f/ lkmtf{ lbgu/L lx;fj tof/ ug{ Psåf/ pk;ldltnfO{lgb]{zg lbg] egL lg0F{o ePsf] lyof] .

lgj]bs pBf]un] dfu u/]sf] eG;f/dx;"n lkmtf{;DaGwL lgj]bgsf] ;DaGwdfPsåf/ ;ldltsf] ldlt @)^%.@.#! df a;]sf]@&* cf} " a}7sdf k]z x' +bf ;f] a}7saf6af/fl:yt >L s[i0F cfon l/kmfOg/L P08e]lh6]jn £o" O08i6l«h k|f=ln=n] pTkfbg u/]sf]jg:klt £o" df k|of]u ePsf] sRrf kbfy{cfoft ubf{ lt/]sf] eG;f/ dx;"n lkmtf{ kfpglgj]bg u/]sf]df ;f] pBf]un] jflif{s :jLs[tÔdtf *))) d]=6gdWo] &*%#=))& d]=6gjg:klt £o" sf] sRrf kbfy{df nfu]sf] eG;f/dx;"n lkmtf{ kfO;s]sf] / af"sL !$^=((#d]=6g £o"sf] sRrf kbfy{df nfu]sf]df eG;f/dx;"n lkmtf{ lbg] ;DaGwdf o;} a}7saf6lg0F{o ePsf] x'+bf :jLs[t ÔdtfeGbf a9Llgsf;L ePsf] ;dfgsf] eG;f/ dx;"n;DaGwdf Psåf/ ;ldltsf] ldlt @)^!.!.#!df a;]sf] @@@ cf}" a}7saf6 jg:klt £o",pBf]ux¿n] pBf]u btf{ k|df0F kq jf ;DalGwtlgsfoaf6 lnPsf] :jLs[lt kqdf plNnlvtÔdtf;Ddsf] lgof{t ePsf] j:t' pTkfbg ubf{k|of]u ePsf] sRrf kbfy{, ;xfos sRrfkbfy{ / dfWolds j:t'df nfu]sf] eG;f/dx;"ndfq cf}Bf]lus Joj;fo P]g, @)$( -;+zf]wg ;lxt_ sf] k|fjwfgcg';f/ lkmtf{ lbg]egL ePsf] lg0F{osf] cfwf/df lkmtf{ lbg ldNg]gb]lvPsf] Joxf]/f Psåf/ ;ldltnfO{ l;kmfl/zug]{ egL Psåf/ pk–;ldltaf6 l;kmfl/zeOcfPsf] ljÈodf 5nkmn x'+bf o; ;ldltsf]

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k"j{ lg0F{o ldlt @)^!.!.#! sf] @@@ cf}" a}7sdfePsf]n] ;f]sf] cfwf/df lgj]bsn] dfu u/]sf]eG;f/ dx;"n lkmtf{ lbg gldNg] Joxf]/f ;f]pBf]unfO{ hfgs/L u/fpg] egL ljleGgkmfonx¿af6 dfu ePsf] /sdnfO{ :jLs[tÔdtfeGbf a9L lgsf;L u/]sf] cfwf/df lkmtf{ug{ gldNg] egL lg0F{o ePsf] lyof] . o;k|sf/ pBf]u ljefu Psåf/ ;ldltsf] plNnlvtlg0F{ox¿ sfg"g;Ddt x'+bf l/6 lgj]bg vf/]hul/kfpm" eGg] ljkÔL pBf]u ljefu Pj+ Psåf/;ldlt pBf]u ljefusf] tkm{af6 ;+o'Qm ¿kdfk]z u/]sf] lnlvt hjfkm .

@= lgodadf]lhd b}lgs k]zL ;"rLdfr9L cfh o; Ohnf;;dÔ k]z ePsf] k|:t'tl/6 lgj]bgdf lgj]bssf] tkm{af6 pkl:ytljåfg jl/i7 clwjQmf ab|Laxfb'/ sfsL{ /ljåfg\ clwjQmfx¿ /fdgf/fo0F lj8f/L Pj+k|;Ggs'df/ bf;n] pBf]usf] £o" pTkfbg ug]{jflif{s Ôdtf *))) d]=6g eP klg cf}Bf]lusJoj;fo P]g, @)$( sf] bkmf (-!_ n] lglb{i6u/]sf] cg';"rL @ cGtu{tsf] ;'/Ôf, hg:jf:Yotyf jftfj/0Fdf pNn]vgLo k|lts"n c;/kg]{ pBf]ux¿ afx]s cGo pBf]ux¿sf] Ôdtflj:tf/ Pj+ ljljlws/0Fsf] nflu :jLs[lt lngcfjZos gkg]{ sfg"gL Joj:yf u/]sf] 5 . ;f]sfg"gL Joj:yfcg';f/ lgj]bs pBf]un] cfkm\gf]pTkfbg Ôdtf lj:tf/ ubf{ :jLs[lt lngcfjZos gkg]{ ePsf]n] cfkm\gf] pTkfbg lj:tf/u/]sf] xf] . o:tf] cj:yfdf lgj]bs pBf]un]cfoft u/]sf] sRrf kbfy{df lt/]sf] eG;f/dx;"n lkmtf {sf ] nflu Dofb}leq pBf ]uljefudf lgj]bg dfu u/]sf]df Psåf/ ;ldlt,pBf]u ljefusf] ldlt @)^!.!.#! sf] lg0F{osf]cfwf/df /sd lkmtf{ lbg OGsf/ ug]{ u/LePsf] ldlt @)^%.@.#! sf] lg0F{o / ;f] lg0F{osf]

cfwf/df pBf ]u ljefun] n]v ]sf ] ldlt@)^%.@.!& sf] kq ab/ u/L lgj]bs pBf]un]dfu u/]sf] /sd lkmtf{ lbg' eGg] k/dfb]zhf/L x'g'k5{ eGg] ax; ug'{eof] . To:t} ljkÔLpBf]u ljefu;d]tsf] tkm{af6 pkl:yt ljåfg\;xGofoflwjQmf dx]z yfkfn] pBf]usf] jflif{sÔdtfeGbf a9L £o" pTkfbg ug{ k|of]u ePsf]sRrf kbfy{ cfoft ubf{ lt/]sf] eG;f/ dx;"nlkmtf{ lbO;s]sf] 5 . jflif{s ÔdtfeGbf a9LpTkfbg ug{ NofPsf] sRrf kbfy{df lt/]sf]eG;f/ dx;"n lgj]bssf] dfucg';f/ lkmtf{lbg] xf] eg] d'n'ssf] cf}Bf]lus l:ylt, pTkfbgljj/0F, /fh:j k|Ô]k0F cflb ;d]tdf k|lts"nc;/ kg]{ sf/0F sl7gfO{ x'g] b]lvG5 . t;y{pBf ]usf ] btf { k |df0F kqdf plNnlvtÔdtf;Ddsf] lgof{t ePsf] j:t' pTkfbg ubf{k|of]u ePsf] sRrf kbfy{, ;xfos kbfy{ /dfWolds j:t'df nfu]sf] eG;f/ dx;"n dfqcf }B f ] lus Joj;fo P ]g , @)$( sf ]k|fjwfgcg';f/ lkmtf{ lbg] egL lg0F{o eO{;f ]xLadf ] lhd kqfrf/ ePsf ] xf ] . ;f ]sfdsf/jfxLaf6 lgj]bssf] s'g} xsflwsf/dfcf3ft gk'u]sf] x'+bf l/6 lgj]bg vf/]hefuL5 eGg] ;d]t Joxf]/fsf] ax; ug'{eof] .

#= ca pk/f]Qmfg';f/sf] ax; ;'gL l/6lgj]bg;lxtsf] ldl;n cWoog u/L lg0F{otkm{ljrf/ ubf{ lgj]bssf] lgj]bg dfuadf]lhd l/6hf/L x'g] xf] xf]Og eGg] ;DaGwdf lg0F{o lbg'kg]{b]lvg cfof] .

o;df lgj]bs pBf]u sDkgL /lhi6«f/sf]sfof{nodf btf{ eO{ £o" t]n pTkfbg ub}{cfPsf]pBf]u xf] . ;fljssf] cf}Bf]lus Joj;fo P]g,@)#* sf] bkmf !# df pBf]usf] :yfkgfkl5Ôdtf j[l4 ug{ g]kfn ;/sf/sf] :jLs[lt lng'kg]{ k|fjwfg /x] klg ;f] P]gsf] vf/]hLkl5 ag]sf]



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cf}Bf]lus Joj;fo P]g, @)$( sf] bkmf (-!_ df;'/Ôf, hg:jf:Yo tyf jftfj/0Fdf pNn]vgLok|lts"n k|efj kfg]{ lsl;dsf] cg';"rL @ dfpNn]v ePsf pBf]ux¿afx]s cGo pBf]usf]:yfkgf, lj:tf/sf] nflu cg'dtL lng' gkg]{sfg"gL Joj:yf ul/Psf]n] £o", t]n pTkfbg ug]{pBf]u P]gsf] cg';"rL @ leq gkg]{ ePsf]n] o;pBf]usf] lj:tf/sf] nflu cg'dtL lng' gkg]{Joj:yf pQm sfg"gn] g} u/]sf] 5 .

$= jftfj/0F P]g, @)%# sf] bkmf # n]pBf]usf] :yfkgf, lj:tf/ / ljljwLs/0F ubf{jftfj/0F k|efj d"NofÍg ug' {kg] { sfg"gLJoj:yfcg';f/ z'?df pBf]usf] pTkfbg Ôdtf£o" / t]nsf] u/L !@))) d]=6g /x]sf]df pTkfbgÔdtf yk ug'{kg]{ eO{ ;f]sf] :jLs[lt lnO{ jg:klt£o" @)))) d]=6g / k|zf]lwt t]n %)))d]=6gsf] pTkfbg Ôdtf sfod ePsf] 5 .plNnlvt Ôdtfcg';f/ @)%* ;fn;Ddsf]pTkfbg lgsf;L ubf{ P]gcg';f/ cfpg] ;'ljwfx¿pkef]u ub}{cfPsf]df s'g} ljjfb lyPg .

g]kfnaf6 ef/t lgsf;L x'g] jg:klt£o"sf] lgof{tdf ef/tn] kl/df0FfTds aGb]hnufPkl5 pBf]un] ;f ] k|of ]hgsf] nflupBf]usf] :jLs[t ÔdtfnfO{ cfwf/ agfPsf]n]ef/tdf lgof{t ÔdtfnfO{ ;d]t cfwf/ agfpgkg]{ egL ;+jt\ @)$( ;fnsf] l/6 g+=#%))sf] pTk|]if0fldl>t k/dfb]zsf] nflu lgj]bglbPsf]df ;jf]{Rr cbfntaf6 ldlt @)%(.&.@@df km};nf x'+bf sfg"gdf g} Ôdtf j[l4sf]nflu :jLs[lt lng gkg]{ Joj:yf ePaf6pBf]usf] jf:tljs Ôdtf / lgof{tnfO{ g}pBf]usf] :jLs[lt Ôdtf dfGg' kg]{ egL JofVofub}{ pBf]usf] lj:tfl/t Ôdtf / pBf]un]u/]sf] lgof{tsf] cfwf/df g} sf]6f lgwf{/0Fug'{kg]{ 7x/ km};nf ePsf] 5 .

%= cf}Bf]lus Joj;fo P]g, @)$( sf]bkmf !%-k_ df pBf]un] cfkm\gf] pTkfbgdfk|of]u u/]sf] sRrf kbfy{, ;xfos sRrfkbfy{ cflbdf lt/ ]sf ] eG;f/ laqmLs/,cGtMz'Ns tyf lk|ldod lgsf;L u/]sf ]kl/df0Fsf] cfwf/df lkmtf{ lbOg] eGg] sfg"gLJoj:yfadf]lhd nfu]sf] eG;f/ dx;"n dfuubf{ Psåf/ ;ldltsf] ldlt @)^!.!.#! sf]lg0F{ocg';f/ pBf]un] kfPsf] k|df0F kqdf:jLs[t Ôdtf;Ddsf] lgof{t ePsf] j:t'pTkfbg ubf{ k|of]u ePsf] sRrf kbfy{, ;xfossRrf kbfy{ / dfWolds j:t'df nfu]sf] eG;f/dx;"n dfq lkmtf{ lbg] eGg] lg0F{o ePsf]n];f] lg0F{osf] cfwf/df :jLs[t ÔdtfeGbf a9Lsf]dfuadf]lhd /sd lbg gldNg] egL o;pBf]uaf6 ldlt @)^%.@.#! df lg0F{o ePsf]egL pBf]u ljefusf] r=g+=$%(& ldlt@)^%.#.!& df kq k7fPsf]n] plNnlvt lg0F{otyf kqaf6 P]gadf]lhd /sd lkmtf{ kfpg]clwsf/df cf3ft k/]sf]n] pQm lg0F{ox¿ tyfkq ab/ u/L bfjL u/]sf] /sd lkmtf{ lbg'eGg] k/dfb]z hf/L ul/kfpFm eGg] lgj]bgbfjL ePsf] k|:t't lgj]gbdf ljkÔLsf] lnvthjfkm x]bf{ jg:klt pBf]ux¿n] pBf]u btf{k|df0F kq jf ;DalGwt lgsfoaf6 lnPsf]:jLs[lt kqdf plNnlvt Ôdtf;Ddsf] lgof{tePsf] j:t' pTkfbg ubf{ k|of]u ePsf] sRrfkbfy{, ;xfos sRrf kbfy{ / dfWolds j:t'dfnfu]sf] eG;f/ dfu cf}Bf]lus Joj;fo P]g,@)$( sf] k|fjwfgcg';f/ lkmtf{ lbg] egLePsf] lg0F{osf] cfwf/df btf{ k|df0F kqdfplNnlvt ÔdtfeGbf a9L lgof{t ePsf] j:t'dfnfu]sf] eG;f/ dx;"n /sd klg dfu ePsf]n];f] a9L /sd lkmtf{ lbg gldNg] eGg] ljkÔLsf]lnlvt hjfkm Joxf]/f /x]sf] kfOof] .

287287287287287

^= z'?df lgj]bs pBf]usf] pTkfbgÔdtf !@))) d]=6g /x]sf]df xfn pTkfbgÔdtf yk eO{ @%))) d]=6gsf] pTkfbgÔdtfsf] :jLs[lt lnOPsf] eGg] lgj]bg lhsL//x]sf] 5 . ;f]xL Ôdtfcg';f/sf] j:t' pTkfbgubf{ k|of]u ePsf] sRrf kbfy{ cfoft ubf{lt/]sf] eG;f/ dx;"n lkmtf{ dfu ubf{ lkmtf{gePsf] eGg] ;DaGwdf k|:t't lgj]bg k/]sf]cj:yf 5 . ldl;n ;+nUg lgj]bsn] k]z u/]sf]pBf]u ljefusf] pBf]u btf{ k|df0F kq x]bf{;fljs :jLs[lt k|zf]lwt t]n #))) d]=6g /£o" sf] %))) d]=6g u/L *))) d]=6g /x]sf]dfxfn Ôdtf lj:tf/ x'+bf t]n $))) d]=6g /£o" sf] pTkfbg Ôdtf *))) d]=6g u/L!@))) d]=6g /x]sf] eGg] b]lvof] . cyf{t lgj]bgpBf]usf] £o" / t]n b'j} u/L !@))) d]=6gpTkfbg Ôdtf /x]sf] eGg] b]lvg cfp"5 . lgj]bspBf]un] lnPsf] k|df0F kqaf6 lgj]bsn] pNn]vu/]cg';f/ ;fljs pTkfbg Ôdtf !@))) d]=6gaf6 a9fO{ @%))) d]=6g yk u/L :jLs[ltlnPsf] jf tbg';f/sf] pTkfbgsf] hfgsf/LlbPsf] jf ;f] cg';f/ pTkfbg u/] ePsf] eGg]b]lvg cfPg .

&= lgj]bssf] bfjL x]bf{ !@))) d]=6gÔdtfeGbf a9L kl/df0Fsf] ;fdfg coft ubf{lt/]sf] eG;f/ /sd lkmtf{ kfpg' kg]{ eGg] /x]sf]5 . lgj]bs pBf]un] :jLs[t ÔdtfeGbf a9L;fdfg lgsf;L ubf{ o:tf] ;fdfgdf k|of]u ePsf]sRrf kbfy{ cfoft ubf{ lt/]sf] s/ dfu ubf{ /;f] adf]lhdsf] /sd lkmtf{ ubf{ d'n'ssf] cf}Bf]lusl:ylt, pTkfbg ljj/0F tyf /fhZj k|Ô]k0Fcflbdf ;d]t sl7gfO{ kg]{ ePsf]n] pBf]u btf{k|df0F kq jf ;DalGwt lgsfoaf6 lnPsf] :jLs[ltkqdf plNnlvt Ôdtf;Ddsf] lgof{t ePsf]j:t' pTkfbg ubf{ k|of]u ePsf] sRrf kbfy{df

nfu]sf] eG;f/ dx;"ndfq lkmtf{ lbg] lg0F{oePsf] eGg] ljkÔLsf] lnlvt hjfkm /x]sf] b]lvG5 .

*= lgj]bsn] pNn]v u/]cg';f/sf] @)%(;fnsf] l/6 g+=#%)) sf] pTk|]if0f d'2fdf o;cbfntaf6 ePsf] ldlt @)%(.&.@^.^ sf] km};nfx]bf{ pQm l/6 lgj]bgdf g]kfn–ef/taLr ;DkGgkf/jxg ;lGwcg';f/ ljb]zdf ;fdfg lgof{tubf{ pTkGg ePsf] ljjfbdf sf]6f lgwf{/0F ug]{k|of]hgsf] nflu pBf]usf] jf:tljs pTkfbgÔdtf / lgof{t ePsf] kl/df0F;d]tnfO{ cfwf/dfgL sf]6f lgwf{/0F ug'{ egL k/dfb]z hf/LePsf] ;Dd b]lvG5 . k|:t't ljjfbsf] k|Zg ljb]zlgof{t u/]sf] ;fdfgdf k|of]u ePsf] sRrf kbfy{dflt/]sf] eG;f/ dx;"n lkmtf{ ug]{;DaGwL x'+bfk|:t't ljjfb / pQm d'2fsf] ljjfbsf] ljÈoj:t'km/skm/s ePsf]n] pQm km};nfdf plNnlvtcfwf/ k|:t't ljjfbdf cfslÈt{ x'g] cj:yfb]lvg cfPg .

(= jftfj/0F P]gcg';f/ jftfj/0Fk|efjsf] b[li6n] s'g} pBf]un] pTkfbg Ôdtfsf]:jLs[lt lng' Ps s'/f xf] . t/ ;f]xL :jLs[ltsf]cfwf/df pBf]un] lgsf;L u/]sf] ;fdfg pTkfbgubf{ k|of]u ePsf] sRrf kbfy{df nfu]sf] eG;f/dx;"n lkmtf{sf] bfjL ug'{ cs}{ s'/f xf] . o;/Ljftfj/0F P]gcg';f/ jftfj/0F k|efj d"NofÍgsf]b[li6n] lnOg] :jLs[lt / cf}Bf]lus Joj;foP]g, @)$( adf]lhd s/ ;'ljwfsf] nflu lnOg]:jLs[ltnfO{ Ps} cy{df lng ldNb}g . pBf]usf]jflif{s pTkfbg Ôdtfj[l4 ug{ ;lsg] ;'ljwfsf]s'/fn] lgj]bsn] pBf]u btf{ k|df0F kqdfplNnlvt jflif{s ÔdtfeGbf a9L pTkflbt;fdfg lgsf;L ubf{ ;f] ;fdfgdf k|of]u ePsf];fdfgdf nfu]sf] eG;f/ /sd lkmtf{ dfu ug]{xs x'g ;Sb}g . s'g pBf]un] slt kl/df0Fsf];fdfg pTkfbg ug]{ :jLs[lt lnPsf] 5, pQm



288288288288288

pBf]un] slt;Dd ;fdfg lgof{t ug{ ;Sg] xf]/ ;f] ;fdfgsf] sRrf kbfy{ cfoft ubf{ s]slt s/ lt/]sf] 5 / s] slt /sd lkmtf{lbg'kg]{ xf] eGg] s'/f cd's pBf]un] lnPsf]k|df0F kqdf plNnlvt Ôdtfsf] /]s8{;d]tsf]cfwf/df pBf]u ljefuaf6 cfwf/ k|df0Faf6osLg ul/g] ljÈo xf] . ;a"b k|df0Fsf]d"NofÍgåf/f dfq osLg ug'{kg]{ cj:yfdfc;fwf/0F clwsf/Ô]q cfslÈ{t x'g ;Sg] cj:yfb]lvPg .

!)= o;k|sf/ lgj]bs pBf]un] lkmtf{e'QmfgL kfpm" egL bfjL u/]sf] /sd pBf]usf]:jLs[t ÔdtfeGbf a9Lsf] eGg] b]lv"bf To:tf]:jLs[t ÔfdtfeGbf a9L bfjL ul/Psf] /sde'QmfgL lbg gldNg] egL Psåf/ ;ldltaf6ePsf] ldlt @)^!.^.#! sf] lg0F{o Pj ;f] lg0F{osf]cfwf/df ePsf] pBf]u ljefusf] ldlt @)^%.@.#!sf] lg0F{o / ;f] lg0F{oadf]lhd pBf]unfO{ n]v]sf]ldlt @)^%.#.!& sf] kqaf6 lgj]bssf] s'g} xsclwsf/df cf3ft kf/]sf] gb]lv"bf lgj]bsdfuadf]lhd pQm lg0F{o / kqnfO{ ab/ ug{ldNg] b]lvPg .

!!= ctM pk/f]Qm cfwf/ / sf/0Faf6lgj]bssf] dfuadf]lhd cfb]z hf/L x'g] cj:yfsf]ljBdfgtf gb]lv"bf k|:t't l/6 lgj]bg v/]h x'g]7x5{ . bfo/Ldf nut s§f u/L ldl;nlgodfg';f/ u/L clen]v zfvfdf a'́ fO{ lbg" .pQm /fodf d ;xdt 5' .

Gof=k|f=8f=e/taxfb'/ sfsL{

Olt ;+jt\ @)^( ;fn d+l;/ % ut] /f]h # z'ed\Ohnf; clws[t– sdn/fh lji6

lg0f{o g+=*(^( lg0f{o g+=*(^( lg0f{o g+=*(^( lg0f{o g+=*(^( lg0f{o g+=*(^(

;jf]{Rr cbfnt, ;+o'Qm Ohnf;dfggLo GofofwLz >L e/t/fh pk|]tL

dfggLo GofofwLz k|f=8f=>L e/taxfb'/ sfsL{;+jt\ @)^* ;fnsf] )^*–CI–)#$$

km};nf ldltM @)^(.%.@%.@

d'2f M– s/f/sf] oyfjt kl/kfngf u/fO{kfpm+ .

k'g/fj]bs jfbLM nlntk'/ lhNnf, nlntk'/pkdxfgu/kf lnsf j8f g + = !s'k08f]nl:yt ;ld6 xf]6n k|f=ln= sf]tkm{af6 clVtof/k|fKt P]= sDkgLsfk|aGw ;~rfns /f]h/ x]Gs]

lj?4k|ToyL{ k|ltjfbLM nlntk'/ lhNnf, nlntk'/

pkdxfgu/kflnsf ´D;Lv]n 3/ eO{xfn sf7df8f}+ lhNnf sf=d=g=kf= j8fg+= !! yfkfynL a:g] zf/bf k|;fO{ ;d]t

z'? txdf km};nf ug]{ M–df=lh=Gof=>L o1k|;fb a:ofn

k'g/fj]bg tx km};nf ug]{ M–df=Gof=>L b]j]Gb| uf]kfn >]i7

df=Gof=>L dL/f v8\sf

§ k'/fgf] P]gcg';f/ l;h{gf ePsf] /k'/fgf] P]gcg';f/ l;h{gf ePsf] /k'/fgf] P]gcg';f/ l;h{gf ePsf] /k'/fgf] P]gcg';f/ l;h{gf ePsf] /k'/fgf] P]gcg';f/ l;h{gf ePsf] /gof+ sfg"gn] k|ltjGw gnufPsf] s'g}gof+ sfg"gn] k|ltjGw gnufPsf] s'g}gof+ sfg"gn] k|ltjGw gnufPsf] s'g}gof+ sfg"gn] k|ltjGw gnufPsf] s'g}gof+ sfg"gn] k|ltjGw gnufPsf] s'g}ljÈoj:t' ePsf] s/f/sf] kl/kfngfljÈoj:t' ePsf] s/f/sf] kl/kfngfljÈoj:t' ePsf] s/f/sf] kl/kfngfljÈoj:t' ePsf] s/f/sf] kl/kfngfljÈoj:t' ePsf] s/f/sf] kl/kfngf;DaGwdf gof+ sfg"g nfu" ePkl5;DaGwdf gof+ sfg"g nfu" ePkl5;DaGwdf gof+ sfg"g nfu" ePkl5;DaGwdf gof+ sfg"g nfu" ePkl5;DaGwdf gof+ sfg"g nfu" ePkl5pTkGg ljjfbsf] lg?k0fsf] k|lqmof,pTkGg ljjfbsf] lg?k0fsf] k|lqmof,pTkGg ljjfbsf] lg?k0fsf] k|lqmof,pTkGg ljjfbsf] lg?k0fsf] k|lqmof,pTkGg ljjfbsf] lg?k0fsf] k|lqmof,pknJw pkrf/ tyf xbDofbsfpknJw pkrf/ tyf xbDofbsfpknJw pkrf/ tyf xbDofbsfpknJw pkrf/ tyf xbDofbsfpknJw pkrf/ tyf xbDofbsf

&&&&&

289289289289289

;DaGwdf gof+ P]gsf] Joj:yf nfu";DaGwdf gof+ P]gsf] Joj:yf nfu";DaGwdf gof+ P]gsf] Joj:yf nfu";DaGwdf gof+ P]gsf] Joj:yf nfu";DaGwdf gof+ P]gsf] Joj:yf nfu"x'g] x'+bf o:tf] ljjfbdf k'/fgf] sfg"gx'g] x'+bf o:tf] ljjfbdf k'/fgf] sfg"gx'g] x'+bf o:tf] ljjfbdf k'/fgf] sfg"gx'g] x'+bf o:tf] ljjfbdf k'/fgf] sfg"gx'g] x'+bf o:tf] ljjfbdf k'/fgf] sfg"gnfu" x'g] cj:yf gx'g] .nfu" x'g] cj:yf gx'g] .nfu" x'g] cj:yf gx'g] .nfu" x'g] cj:yf gx'g] .nfu" x'g] cj:yf gx'g] .

§ s/f/sf] j}wtfsf] k|ZgnfO{ k'/fgf]s/f/sf] j}wtfsf] k|ZgnfO{ k'/fgf]s/f/sf] j}wtfsf] k|ZgnfO{ k'/fgf]s/f/sf] j}wtfsf] k|ZgnfO{ k'/fgf]s/f/sf] j}wtfsf] k|ZgnfO{ k'/fgf]sfg"gsf] cfwf/df k/LÔ0F ug'{ kb{5sfg"gsf] cfwf/df k/LÔ0F ug'{ kb{5sfg"gsf] cfwf/df k/LÔ0F ug'{ kb{5sfg"gsf] cfwf/df k/LÔ0F ug'{ kb{5sfg"gsf] cfwf/df k/LÔ0F ug'{ kb{5/ gof+ sfg"g lje]bsf/L gePsf]/ gof+ sfg"g lje]bsf/L gePsf]/ gof+ sfg"g lje]bsf/L gePsf]/ gof+ sfg"g lje]bsf/L gePsf]/ gof+ sfg"g lje]bsf/L gePsf]cj:yfdf s/f/ cÔ'0Ftf jf pQmcj:yfdf s/f/ cÔ'0Ftf jf pQmcj:yfdf s/f/ cÔ'0Ftf jf pQmcj:yfdf s/f/ cÔ'0Ftf jf pQmcj:yfdf s/f/ cÔ'0Ftf jf pQms/f/ pNn3+g x' +bf s:tf] pkrf/s/f/ pNn3+g x' +bf s:tf] pkrf/s/f/ pNn3+g x' +bf s:tf] pkrf/s/f/ pNn3+g x' +bf s:tf] pkrf/s/f/ pNn3+g x' +bf s:tf] pkrf/k|fKt ug]{ eGg] k|ZgnfO{ gof+ sfg"gsf]k|fKt ug]{ eGg] k|ZgnfO{ gof+ sfg"gsf]k|fKt ug]{ eGg] k|ZgnfO{ gof+ sfg"gsf]k|fKt ug]{ eGg] k|ZgnfO{ gof+ sfg"gsf]k|fKt ug]{ eGg] k|ZgnfO{ gof+ sfg"gsf]cfwf/df lg?k0f ug{'kg]{ x'+bf s/f/sf]cfwf/df lg?k0f ug{'kg]{ x'+bf s/f/sf]cfwf/df lg?k0f ug{'kg]{ x'+bf s/f/sf]cfwf/df lg?k0f ug{'kg]{ x'+bf s/f/sf]cfwf/df lg?k0f ug{'kg]{ x'+bf s/f/sf]kl/kfngf, bf loTjaf6 pGd ' lQm ,kl/kfngf, bf loTjaf6 pGd ' lQm ,kl/kfngf, bf loTjaf6 pGd ' lQm ,kl/kfngf, bf loTjaf6 pGd ' lQm ,kl/kfngf, bf loTjaf6 pGd ' lQm ,xbDofb tyf kÔx¿nfO{ k|fKt x'g]xbDofb tyf kÔx¿nfO{ k|fKt x'g]xbDofb tyf kÔx¿nfO{ k|fKt x'g]xbDofb tyf kÔx¿nfO{ k|fKt x'g]xbDofb tyf kÔx¿nfO{ k|fKt x'g]pkrf/ ;DaGwdf klg gof+ sfg"gpkrf/ ;DaGwdf klg gof+ sfg"gpkrf/ ;DaGwdf klg gof+ sfg"gpkrf/ ;DaGwdf klg gof+ sfg"gpkrf/ ;DaGwdf klg gof+ sfg"gg} nfu" x'g] .g} nfu" x'g] .g} nfu" x'g] .g} nfu" x'g] .g} nfu" x'g] .

-k|s/0f g+=%_§ ;Demf}tfdf plNnlvt 3/ hUufsf];Demf}tfdf plNnlvt 3/ hUufsf];Demf}tfdf plNnlvt 3/ hUufsf];Demf}tfdf plNnlvt 3/ hUufsf];Demf}tfdf plNnlvt 3/ hUufsf]

d"No a'´L lnPsf] t/ 3/ hUufd"No a'´L lnPsf] t/ 3/ hUufd"No a'´L lnPsf] t/ 3/ hUufd"No a'´L lnPsf] t/ 3/ hUufd"No a'´L lnPsf] t/ 3/ hUuf/lhi6«]zg kfl/t u/L glbPsf]n] 3//lhi6«]zg kfl/t u/L glbPsf]n] 3//lhi6«]zg kfl/t u/L glbPsf]n] 3//lhi6«]zg kfl/t u/L glbPsf]n] 3//lhi6«]zg kfl/t u/L glbPsf]n] 3/hUufsf ] /lhi6 « ]zg kfl/t u/fO {hUufsf ] /lhi6 « ]zg kfl/t u/fO {hUufsf ] /lhi6 « ]zg kfl/t u/fO {hUufsf ] /lhi6 « ]zg kfl/t u/fO {hUufsf ] /lhi6 « ]zg kfl/t u/fO {s/f/Lo bfloTj k"/f u/fO{ kfp+m eGg]s/f/Lo bfloTj k"/f u/fO{ kfp+m eGg]s/f/Lo bfloTj k"/f u/fO{ kfp+m eGg]s/f/Lo bfloTj k"/f u/fO{ kfp+m eGg]s/f/Lo bfloTj k"/f u/fO{ kfp+m eGg]kÔn] ;Demf}tfdf plNnlvt ;Dk"0F{kÔn] ;Demf}tfdf plNnlvt ;Dk"0F{kÔn] ;Demf}tfdf plNnlvt ;Dk"0F{kÔn] ;Demf}tfdf plNnlvt ;Dk"0F{kÔn] ;Demf}tfdf plNnlvt ;Dk"0F{d"No r'Qmf u/]sf] / k|ltjfbLn] pQmd"No r'Qmf u/]sf] / k|ltjfbLn] pQmd"No r'Qmf u/]sf] / k|ltjfbLn] pQmd"No r'Qmf u/]sf] / k|ltjfbLn] pQmd"No r'Qmf u/]sf] / k|ltjfbLn] pQmd"No a'´L lnPsf] e/kfO{ jf /l;bd"No a'´L lnPsf] e/kfO{ jf /l;bd"No a'´L lnPsf] e/kfO{ jf /l;bd"No a'´L lnPsf] e/kfO{ jf /l;bd"No a'´L lnPsf] e/kfO{ jf /l;bhDdf ug' { kof{Kt x'G5 . t/ 3/hDdf ug' { kof{Kt x'G5 . t/ 3/hDdf ug' { kof{Kt x'G5 . t/ 3/hDdf ug' { kof{Kt x'G5 . t/ 3/hDdf ug' { kof{Kt x'G5 . t/ 3/hUufsf] laqmL d"Nodf ljjfb ePsf]hUufsf] laqmL d"Nodf ljjfb ePsf]hUufsf] laqmL d"Nodf ljjfb ePsf]hUufsf] laqmL d"Nodf ljjfb ePsf]hUufsf] laqmL d"Nodf ljjfb ePsf]cj:yfdf o:tf] /l;b dfq s/f/Locj:yfdf o:tf] /l;b dfq s/f/Locj:yfdf o:tf] /l;b dfq s/f/Locj:yfdf o:tf] /l;b dfq s/f/Locj:yfdf o:tf] /l;b dfq s/f/LobfloTj kfngf u/]sf] 5 eGg] s'/fsf]bfloTj kfngf u/]sf] 5 eGg] s'/fsf]bfloTj kfngf u/]sf] 5 eGg] s'/fsf]bfloTj kfngf u/]sf] 5 eGg] s'/fsf]bfloTj kfngf u/]sf] 5 eGg] s'/fsf]csf6\o k|df0F gx'g g;Sg] .csf6\o k|df0F gx'g g;Sg] .csf6\o k|df0F gx'g g;Sg] .csf6\o k|df0F gx'g g;Sg] .csf6\o k|df0F gx'g g;Sg] .

§ s/f/df g} lgljjf{b ?kdf :ki6;+us/f/df g} lgljjf{b ?kdf :ki6;+us/f/df g} lgljjf{b ?kdf :ki6;+us/f/df g} lgljjf{b ?kdf :ki6;+us/f/df g} lgljjf{b ?kdf :ki6;+uosLg ePsf] d"No a'l´lng OGsf/osLg ePsf] d"No a'l´lng OGsf/osLg ePsf] d"No a'l´lng OGsf/osLg ePsf] d"No a'l´lng OGsf/osLg ePsf] d"No a'l´lng OGsf/u/L 3/ hUuf /lhi6 « ]zg kfl/tu/L 3/ hUuf /lhi6 « ]zg kfl/tu/L 3/ hUuf /lhi6 « ]zg kfl/tu/L 3/ hUuf /lhi6 « ]zg kfl/tu/L 3/ hUuf /lhi6 « ]zg kfl/tu/fO{ lbg'kg]{ bfloTj k"/f gu/]sf]u/fO{ lbg'kg]{ bfloTj k"/f gu/]sf]u/fO{ lbg'kg]{ bfloTj k"/f gu/]sf]u/fO{ lbg'kg]{ bfloTj k"/f gu/]sf]u/fO{ lbg'kg]{ bfloTj k"/f gu/]sf]cj:yfdf s/f/Lo bfloTj k"/f u/fO{cj:yfdf s/f/Lo bfloTj k"/f u/fO{cj:yfdf s/f/Lo bfloTj k"/f u/fO{cj:yfdf s/f/Lo bfloTj k"/f u/fO{cj:yfdf s/f/Lo bfloTj k"/f u/fO{kfpm+ egL bfjL lng]n] s/f/df g}kfpm+ egL bfjL lng]n] s/f/df g}kfpm+ egL bfjL lng]n] s/f/df g}kfpm+ egL bfjL lng]n] s/f/df g}kfpm+ egL bfjL lng]n] s/f/df g}osLg ePsf ] 3/ hUufsf ] d "NoosLg ePsf ] 3/ hUufsf ] d "NoosLg ePsf ] 3/ hUufsf ] d "NoosLg ePsf ] 3/ hUufsf ] d "NoosLg ePsf ] 3/ hUufsf ] d "Nolkm/fb ;fy cbfntdf w/f}6 /fVg'lkm/fb ;fy cbfntdf w/f}6 /fVg'lkm/fb ;fy cbfntdf w/f}6 /fVg'lkm/fb ;fy cbfntdf w/f}6 /fVg'lkm/fb ;fy cbfntdf w/f}6 /fVg'

jfx]s bfloTj k"/f u/]sf] ljÈosf]jfx]s bfloTj k"/f u/]sf] ljÈosf]jfx]s bfloTj k"/f u/]sf] ljÈosf]jfx]s bfloTj k"/f u/]sf] ljÈosf]jfx]s bfloTj k"/f u/]sf] ljÈosf]csf]{ k|df0F x'g ;St}g . 3/ hUufsf]csf]{ k|df0F x'g ;St}g . 3/ hUufsf]csf]{ k|df0F x'g ;St}g . 3/ hUufsf]csf]{ k|df0F x'g ;St}g . 3/ hUufsf]csf]{ k|df0F x'g ;St}g . 3/ hUufsf]d"No e'QmfgL ug]{ jfbLsf] cfly{sd"No e'QmfgL ug]{ jfbLsf] cfly{sd"No e'QmfgL ug]{ jfbLsf] cfly{sd"No e'QmfgL ug]{ jfbLsf] cfly{sd"No e'QmfgL ug]{ jfbLsf] cfly{sÔdtf ePsf] jf d"No e'QmfgL ug{Ôdtf ePsf] jf d"No e'QmfgL ug{Ôdtf ePsf] jf d"No e'QmfgL ug{Ôdtf ePsf] jf d"No e'QmfgL ug{Ôdtf ePsf] jf d"No e'QmfgL ug{cfjZos kg] { /sd a} +s vftfdfcfjZos kg] { /sd a} +s vftfdfcfjZos kg] { /sd a} +s vftfdfcfjZos kg] { /sd a} +s vftfdfcfjZos kg] { /sd a} +s vftfdfdf}Hbft 5 eGg] s'/fn] dfq bfloTjdf}Hbft 5 eGg] s'/fn] dfq bfloTjdf}Hbft 5 eGg] s'/fn] dfq bfloTjdf}Hbft 5 eGg] s'/fn] dfq bfloTjdf}Hbft 5 eGg] s'/fn] dfq bfloTjkl/kfngfsf] k|df0F x'g g;Sg] .kl/kfngfsf] k|df0F x'g g;Sg] .kl/kfngfsf] k|df0F x'g g;Sg] .kl/kfngfsf] k|df0F x'g g;Sg] .kl/kfngfsf] k|df0F x'g g;Sg] .

-k|s/0f g+=!%_

k'g/fj]bs jfbL tkm{af6M ljåfg clwjQmfx¿clgns'df/ l;Gxf, k"0F{dfg zfSo, k|efs/clwsf/L / cflzÈ clwsf/L

k|ToyL{ k|ltjfbL tkm{af6McjnlDat ghL/Mg]sfk @)$(, k[i7 !;Da4 sfg"gM § s/f/ P]g, @)@# sf] bkmf !)-!_ § s/f/ P]g, @)%^ sf] bkmf ** § d'n'sL P]g, /lhi6«]zgsf] dxnsf] ! g+=

km};nfGof=e/t/fh pk|]tLMGof=e/t/fh pk|]tLMGof=e/t/fh pk|]tLMGof=e/t/fh pk|]tLMGof=e/t/fh pk|]tLM k'g/fj]bg cbfnt

kf6gsf] ldlt @)^&.*.& sf] km};nfpk/ lrQga'́ L jfbL tyf k|ltjfbL b'j} tkm{af6 Gofok|zf;g P]g, @)$* sf] bkmf (-!_-u_ adf]lhdo;} cbfntsf] Ô]qflwsf/leq k/L bfo/ x'gcfPsf] k|:t't d'2fsf] ;+lÔKt tYo Pj+ 7x/sf]Joxf]/f o; k|sf/ /x]sf] 5M–

nlntk'/ pkdxfgu/kflnsf j8f g+=!-ª_ sf] sl/a !% /f]kgL Ô]qkmndf xf]6n;~rfng u/L cfPsf] / pQm xf]6nsf] nfluhUuf kof{Kt gePsf] sf/0Fn] k|hfktL k|;fO{;d]t z]o/wgL /x]sf] / xf]6n;"u hf]l8Psf]k|hfktL k|;fO{sf gfddf btf{ ePsf] nlntk'/pkdxfgu/kflnsf j8f g+= !-ª_ sf] ls=g+=!$( / !%) sf] Ô]qkmn !–(–@–) 3/hUuf @)jÈ{sf nflu axfndf lng] lbg] u/L gf]e]Da/

*(^( –*(^( –*(^( –*(^( –*(^( – ;ld6 xf]6n k|f=ln=lj=zf/bf k|;fO{ ;d]t


290290290290290

!,o: !((* cyf{t\ ldlt @)%%.&.!% df ;D´f}tfeO{ ljkÔLx¿ ;d]t ;fÔL a;L x:tfÔ/ u/L;D´f}tf zt{cg';f/ ef8fsf] /sd a'´fpb}cfPsf] s'/fdf ljjfb 5}g .

;D´f}tf gf]e]Dj/ )!, !((* cyf{tldlt @)%%.&.!% df nfu" e} @) jÈ{sf] cjlwcyf{t #) ;]K6]Dj/, @)!* ;Dd axfndf /xg]s'/fdf b'O{dt 5}g . lkm/fbLn] ;D´f}tfadf]lhd;]K6]Da/ @))* ;Ddsf] axfn ljkÔLnfO{ cu|Lde'QmfgL ul/;s]sf] 5 . ;D´f}tfsf] zt{ $ g+=df axfndf lnPsf] 3/ hUuf lkm/fbLn] ;D´f}tfePsf] !) jif{leq v/Lb ug{ rfx]df df]6fdf]6Lo"=P;=8n/ !,%),))). a/fa/sf] g]kfnLkl/jTo{ d'b|fdf lt/L pQm 3/ hUuf ljkÔL;+uv/Lb ug{ ! gf]e]Da/ !((* cyf{t\ ldlt@)%%.&.!% df ePsf] ;D´f}tf tyf s/f/P]g, @)%^ sf] bkmf &$, &%, &^, *), *! /*^ g+= adf]lhd s/f/sf zt{ kfngf u/fO{kfp"m eGg] ;d]t Joxf]/fsf] jfbL ;ld6 xf]6nsf]tkm{af6 clVtof/ k|fKt l;=lj= :k]G;/sf] ldlt@)^%.^.!) ut]sf] lkm/fb bfjL /x]5 .

s/f/ ;D´f}tfsf] zt{ g+= $ df ljkÔLn]!) jÈ{;Dd 3/hUuf v/Lb ug]{ ;DaGwdf s]xLkxn gu/]sf] / ljkÔLn] ;]K6]Da/ !^, @))*sf] kqdf zt{ g+= $ cg';f/ Ps s/f]8 c7\7fO;nfv 3/ hUufsf] d"No pNn]v u/]sf] /;D´f}tfadf]lhd o"=P;= 8n/ !,%),)))a/fa/sf] g]kfnL kl/jTo d'b|fdf ;]K6]Da/ !^,@))* b]lv #) ;]K6]Da/ ;Ddsf] g]kfn /fi6«a}+såf/f lglZrt ul/Psf] Exchange Rate cg';f/klg d]n vf+b}g . ;]K6]Da/ !^, @))* df UsDollar ! a/fa/ g]kfnL ?k}+of v/Lb ?= &# /laqmL b/ &#=^) ePsf] x'+bf 8n/sf] b/ tndflyx'g] qmddf ;]K6]Da/ @^,@))* df v/Lb b/&#=^% / laqmL b/ &$=@% ePsf] x'+bf ;]K6]Da/!&,@))* df ?= &#=^) n] o"=P;= 8n/

!,%),))) sf] (%,$),))). x'g cfpg] /;]K6]Da/ @^,@))* df cyf{t\ ldlt @)^%.^.!)sf] b/ cg';f/ &%=@% n] o"=P;= 8n/!,%),))). sf] !,!!,#&,%)). x'g cfp+5 .ljkÔLn] ;D´f}tfcg';f/sf] /sd pNn]v ug{;s]sf] cj:yf 5}g . ljkÔLn] ! s/f]8 @*nfv ;Demf}tfsf] zt{ g+= $ adf]lhd 3/ hUufsf]d"No lbg] lg0F{o ul/Psf] elgP klg lkm/fbbfjLsf] k|s/0F * df US $ 1, 50000=00 a/fa/sf]g]kfnL kl/jTo{ d'b|f lt/L v/Lb ug{ kfpm+ eGg];d]tsf] låljwfo'Qm bfjL lnPtkm{ x]bf{ ;j{k|ydljkÔLs} sygcg';f/ hUuf v/Lb ug{ egLd"No ;d]t bof dfofn] to u/]sf] egL plNnlvtd"No g t xfdLnfO{ lbPsf 5g, g t ;DdfgLtcbfntdf g} lkm/fb ubf{sf cj:yfdf y}nL/fVg ;s]sf 5g\ . s/f/sf] kl/kfngf ul/kfpm+ eGg] ljkÔLn] ;j{k|yd 3/ hUufsf];Demf}tfadf]lhdsf] d"No r'Qmf u/]sf] 5' egLbfjL lng g;s]sf] cj:yfdf ljkÔLn] s/f/sf]kl/kfngf u/]sf] /x]5g\ egL lkm/fb n]v jfx]s;a"b k|df0Fsf] cefjdf dfGg klg ldNb}g .s/f/sf] ;Demf}tf cjlw;Dd d'2f dfldnfdfcN´fO{ 3/ hUuf jxfn;d]t gltg]{ / pQm?k}of+sf] kl5;Dd kmfObf lng] p2]Zon] ljkÔLn]k|:t't d'2f bfo/ u/]sf x'g\ . ljkÔLn] 3/hUuf v/Lb ug]{ clwsf/ cfkm"df /x]sf] egL;Demf}tfsf] zt{ g+= $ sf] kl/kfngf u/]sf] eP;Demf}tfadf]lhdsf] !) jÈ{sf] cjlwleq US 4

!,%),)))=)). sf] kl/jTo{ d'b|f xfdLnfO{ lbg;Sg'kg]{ x'GYof] . xfdLx¿n] OGsf/ u/]sf]cj:yfdf cbfnt;dÔ pQm !,%),))) US $

a/fj/sf] g]kfnL d'b|f y}nL /fvL To; a/fa/sf]sf]6{kmL P]g, @)!& sf] bkmf ^ adf]lhdsf]sf]6{kmL /fvL lkm/fb ug{ ;Sg' kb{Yof] . pk/f]Qms'g} s'/f gu/L hUufsf] ?k}of+ klg glbg] /axfn klg gltg]{ p2]Zo /fvL k|:t't d'2f bfo/

291291291291291

ePaf6 ljkÔLsf] bfjL b"lÈt / sfNklgs ePsf]k|i6 5 .

d'2f bfo/ ul/;s]kZrft\ ljkÔLn] 3/hUufsf] ;Demf}tfsf] zt{ g+= !, @ adf]lhdaxfn a'́ fPsf 5}gg\ . d'2f bfo/ ePkl5 3/hUuf jxfn lbg' gkg]{ egL ;Demf}tfsf] s'g} klgzt{df pNn]v 5}g . ;Demf}tfsf] zt{ g+= $cg';f/ ljkÔLn] g} bfloTj / st{Jo kfngfgu/]klg ;Demf}tfadf]lhd xfdLn] kfpg] jxfn/sd ljkÔLn] glbPsf] x'+bf To; ;DaGwdfljkÔLnfO{ ldlt @)^%.!).% df #% lbg] ;"rgflb+bf klg ef8f gltg]{ dg;fon] hjfkm k7fPsf/ 3/ hUuf sJhf u/L a;]sf] x'+bf 5'6[} jxfnlbnfO{ 3/ hUuf vfnL u/fO{ kfpm+ egL d'2fbfo/;d]t ul/Psf] 5 .

ljkÔLn] lkm/fbsf] k|s/0F ^ df ldlt@)%%.&.!% df ePsf] ;D´f}tf tyf s/f/ P]g,@)%^ sf] bkmf &$, &%, &^, *), *! / *^ sf]cfwf/df lkm/fb bfjL u/]tkm{ s/f/adf]lhdsf]bfloTj s/f/ cjlwsf] !) jÈ{sf] bf}/fgdf;D´f}tfsf] zt{ g+= $ k"/f ug{ vf]h]sf] 5}g .s/f/ P]gsf] bkmf &% adf]lhd b'j} kÔn] bfloTjkfngf ug'{kg]{ u/L s/f/ ePsf]df ljkÔLn] cfkm\gf]bfloTj k"/f gug]{ lsl;dsf] dg;fo / Jojxf/n]b]vfPsf] cj:yf 5 . s/f/sf] d"ne"t dfGotf /l;4fGtcg';f/ cfkm"n] ug'{kg]{ bfloTj k"/f gu/Lkl~5g vf]h]sf] / 3/ hUuf axfn;d]t ga'́ fpg]lgotn] d'2f klg u/]sf]n] s/f/ P]g, @)%^ sf]bkmf *! adf]lhd s/f/sf] lgnDag jf x]/km]/ug{ bfjL u/]sf] x'+bf ljkÔLpk/ Ôltk"lt{df bfjLug]{ xfd|f] xs ;'/ÔLt x'g] g} x'+bf em"7f lkm/fbbfjLaf6 pGd'lQm lbnfO{ kfp"m eGg] ;d]t Joxf]/fsf]k|ltjfbL lzv/ k|;fO{ tyf zf/bf k|;fO{ ;d]tsf];+o'Qm k|ltpQ/ /x]5 .

@) jÈ{sf] s/f/ ePklg hUuf rf+lx !)jif{leq jfbLn] lsGg rfx]sf] v08df cd]l/sL

8n/ ! nfv krf; xhf/df lsGg] u/L s/f/ePsf] xf] . jfbLn] clxn] ef8f lbPsf] 5}g, 3/hUuf sAhf u/L a;]sf] 5 eGg] ;d]t Joxf]/fsf]k|ltjfbLsf ;fÔL clgn tfdfªn] ldlt @)^^.#.@$df z'? cbfntdf u/]sf] askq .

jfbLn] kqåf/f zf/bf k|;fO {nfO {s/f/adf]lhdsf] /sd lbg cfJxfg u/]sf]df zf/bfk|;fO{n] lng c:jLsf/ u/]sf] xf] eGg] ;d]tJoxf]/fsf] jfbLsf ;fÔL 1fgLeQm jfb]n] ldlt@)^^.#.@$ df u/]sf] askq .

k|ltjfbLx¿n] ldlt @)%%.&.!% cyf{t;g\ !((* gf]e]Da/ ! sf] s/f/df ;fÔL a;Ls/f/nfO{ o;} nufpsf] b]=ld=g+= %&@.!@#( sf]axfn lbnfO{ kfpm+ eGg] d'2fdf oL k|ltjfbLn]s/f/ :jLsf/ u/]af6 pQm s/f/df s/f/ P]g,@)@# eGg] jfSof+z tyf s'g} sfg"g pNn]vgePtfklg s/f/ P]g @)%^ ldlt @)%&.#.!$af6 nfu" ePsf] x'gfn] s/f/ P]g, @)%^ sf]bkmf %^ / ** o; d'2fdf cfslÈ{t x'g;Sg]l:ylt gb]lv+bf s/f/ P]g, @)@# axfn /x]sf]cj:yfdf g} b'O{ kÔaLr s/f/ ePsf] b]lvgcfof] . of] cfwf/af6 k|ltjfbLx¿ s/f/sf] zt{kfngf ug{ u/fpg ljjlGwt /x]sf] ;d]t b]lvG5 .jfbLaf6 3/ hUuf v/Lb ug{sf] lglDt ldlt $d], @))* df k|ltjfbLnfO{ lsga]rsf] 5nkmnug{ e]6 ug]{ Joxf]/fsf] kq k7fPsf] b]lvPsf]sf/0Faf6 s] slt /sddf lsga]r ug]{ eGg]ljÈodf 5nkmn c´} af"sL /x]sf] b]lvgfn]k|ltjfbLdWo]sL zf/bf k|;fO{n] /sd lng c:jLsf/u/]sf] eGg] jfbLsf ;fÔL 1fgLeQmsf] askqePsf] / 3/ hUufsf] lsga]rsf] s'/f kf/:kl/s;xdltdf cfwfl/t /xg] / lgrf]8df k'Ug] ljÈox'+bf k|ltjfbLn] s/f/sf] oyfjt\ kfngf ug'{kg]{u/L lkm/fb bfjL k'Ug] 7x5{ eGg] Joxf]/fsf] ldlt@)^^.%.( sf] z'? nlntk'/ lhNnf cbfntsf]km};nf .



292292292292292

jfbLn] s/f/ P]g, @)@# sf] pkrf/dfu]sf] cj:yf 5}g eg] z'? cbfntn] vf/]hePs} P]gcg';f/ jfbL bfjL k'Ug] egL km};nfu/]sf] cj:yf 5 . xfdLn] p7fPsf] sfg"gL k|Zgs/f/ P]g, @)%^ sf] kl/R5]b & adf]lhd j:t'laqmL;DaGwL s/f/ xf] . xfd|f] gfddf btf{ sfod/x]sf] 3/ hUufsf] :jfldTj ;dfKt x'g] u/Ls/f/sf] dfWodaf6 v/Lb laqmL x'g] j:t' xf]OgeGg] k|ltpQ/ lhsL/ /x]sf] / ;DdfgLt ;jf]{Rrcbfntaf6 crn hUuf hldg j:t'cGtu{tgkg]{ eGg] JofVof eO;s]sf] cj:yf x'+bfx'b} To;tkm{jf:tf gu/L ePsf] z'? km};nf s/f/ P]g, @)%^sf] bkm $) / g]sfk @)^#, lg=g+= &^&#,k[=#(% df k|ltkflbt l;4fGtljk/Lt x'+bf ;f]q'l6k"0F{ z'? km};nf ab/ u/L k|ltpQ/ lhsL/adf]lhd ul/kfp+m eGg] k|ltjfbL zf/bf k|;fO{;d]tsf] k'g/fj]bg cbfnt kf6gdf k/]sf]k'g/fj]bg kq .

s/f/gfdfnfO{ ljkÔL k|ltjfbLn] :jLsf/u/]sf] cj:yf / s/f/sf] zt{ g+= $ / * sf]kl/lwleq /xL ;f] 3/ hUufsf] d"No o"=P;=8n/ !,%),))) -Ps nfv krf; xhf/ 8n/_sfod e};s]sf]n] ;f] /sd a'́ L lnO{ 3/ hUufxfdL jfbLnfO{ kf; ul/lbg'kg]{ bfloTj ljkÔLsf]ePsf]df ;f] s'/f k|i6 af]nL km};nf ug'{kg]{df5nkmnåf/f pQm 3/ hUufsf] d"No af/]dflgrf]8df k'Ug] eGg]n xb;Ddsf] z'?sf] q'l6k"0F{km};nf ab/ ul/kfpm+ eGg] jfbL ;ld6 xf]6nsftkm{af6 l;=lj= :k]G;/sf] k'g/fj]bg cbfntkf6gdf k/]sf] k'g/fj]bg kq .

o;df z'? km};nfpk/ bf]xf]/f] k'g/fj]bgk/]sf] b]lv"bf Pssf] k'g/fj]bg csf{nfO{ ;'gfO{lgodfg';f/ k]z ug'{ eGg] k'g/fj]bg cbfntkf6gsf] ldlt @)^&.#.@( sf] cfb]z .

k|ltjfbLn] s/f/sf] oyfjt kfngf ug'{kg]{u/L lkm/fb bfjL k'Ug] 7x¥ofO{ z'? nlntk'/

lhNnf cbfntaf6 ePsf] ldlt @)^^.%.( sf]km};nf ldn]sf] gb]lv"bf pN6L e} s/f/sf] oyfjtkl/kfngf u/fO{ kfpm+ eGg] jfbL bfjL k'Ug g;Sg]7x5{ . k'g/fj]bs jfbLsf] k'g/fj]bg lhsL/ k'Ug;Sb}g eGg] k'g/fj]bg cbfnt kf6gsf] ldlt@)^&.*.& sf] km};nf .

o; k'g/fj]bs sDkgLnfO{ x/fO{ k'g/fj]bgcbfnt kf6gaf6 ldlt @)^&.*.& df ePsf]km};nf c=j+= !*$-s_ k|df0F P]g, @)#!, s/f/sf];fdfGo l;4fGt, s/f/ P]gsf] bkmf @, $, %,$), *^ / ** tyf s/f/sf] oyfjt kl/kfngf;DaGwdf cGo b]zsf] sfg"gL tyf :yflkt l;4fGt;d]tsf ljk/Lt ePsfn] pQm km};nf ab/ u/Lo; sDkgL / ljkÔLx¿sf klt lktfaLr !gf]e]Da/ !((* cyf{t ldlt @)%%.&.!% b]lvnfu" x'g] u/L @) jÈ{sf nflu nlntk'/pkdxfgu/kflnsf j8f g+= !-ª_ ls=g+= !$( /!%) sf] 3/ hUuf ef8fdf lng] lbg];DaGwL;D´f}tfsf] zt{ g+= $ adf]lhd 3/ hUufsf]d"No cd]l/sL 8n/ !, %),))) jf ;f] ;/xsf]/sd s/f/sf] kÔ k|hfklt k|;fO{sf] c+z ck'tfnLxs vfg] xsjfnf ljkÔLx¿nfO{ a'‰g nufO{pQm hUuf o; sDkgLsf gfp"df /fhLgfdf kf;x'g] u/L ljkÔLx¿af6 s/f/sf] oyfjt kl/kfngfu/fO{ kfp"m eGg] ;d]t Joxf]/fsf] k'g/fj]bs jfbL;ld6 xf]6n k|f=ln= sf] o; cbfntdf k/]sf]k'g/fj]bg kq .

lgodadf]lhd b}lgs d'2f k]zL ;"rLdf r9Lk]z x'g cfPsf] k|:t't d'2fsf k'g/fj]bs jfbLsftkm{af6 /xg' ePsf ljåfg clwjQmfx¿ >Lclgns'df/ l;Gxf, >L k"0F{dfg zfSo, >L k|efs/clwsf/L / >L cflzÈ clwsf/Ln] k|ToyL{k|ltjfbLx¿nfO{ lghx¿sf klt tyf lktf;"u lghsfgfp+df /x]sf] s/f/df pNn]v ePadf]lhdsf] 3/hUufsf] d"No lnO{ /lhi6«]zg kfl/t u/L lbgk6sk6s kqfrf/ ubf{ klg lghx¿af6 To;tkm{

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Wofg glbO{ s/f/sf] pNn3g u/L s/f/df plNnlvtzt{x¿sf] kl/kfngf gu/]sf] sf/0Faf6 ljjfb l;h{gfx'g uPsf] xf] . k|ToyL{ k|ltjfbLx¿sf klt lktfk|hfklt k|;fO{ / k'g/fj]bs jfbLaLr ! gf]e]Da/!((* -@)%%.&.!%_ b]lv nfu" x'g] u/L @) jÈ{sfnflu ;D´f}tfdf pNn]v ePadf]lhdsf] 3/ hUufef8fdf lng] lbg] ;DaGwL ;D´f}tfsf] zt{ g+= $adf]lhdsf] d"No lt/L o; k'g/fj]bs sDkgLn]ljkÔLx¿af6 /fhLgfdf kfl/t u/fO{ pQm 3/ hUuflng ;Sg] s'/f :ki6 5 . k'g/fj]bs sDkgLsf] d'Vodfu bfjL k|ToyL{sf klt tyf lktf;+u ePsf];D´f}tfsf] zt{ g+= $ adf]lhd 3/ hUufsf] d"NolnO{ pQm 3/ hUuf sDkgLsf gfp+df /fhLgfdfkfl/t u/L lbg'k5{ eGg] xf] . ;D´f}tf cfkm}df/fhLgfdf lnvt xf] eGg] xf]Og . ;D f́}tfdf plNnlvt3/ hUuf k'g/fj]bs sDkgLn] v/Lb ug{ rfx]df !)jif{leq v/Lb ug{ kfpg] s'/fnfO{ ;d]t j]jf:tf u/Lcbfnt cfkm}n] c;fGble{s k|Zg p7fO{ lkm/fb bfjLk'Ug] 7x¥ofO{ z'? cbfntaf6 ldlt @)^ .̂%.( dfePsf] km};nf pN6L u/L k'g/fj]bg cbfnt kf6gaf6ldlt @)^&.*.& df jfbL bfjL k'Ug g;Sg] 7xof{cO{u/]sf] km};nf s/f/ P]g @)%^ sf] bkmf @, $, %,$), ** / *^ ;d]tsf ljk/Lt ePsf]n] pQmkm};nf pN6L u/L ;D´f}tf adf]lhdsf] plNnlvt3/ hUuf ;Demf}tfsf] zt{ g+= $ adf]lhdsf] d"NolnO{ k'g/fj]bs jfbLsf gfp+df pQm 3/ hUuf/fhLgfdf kfl/t ul/lbg] u/L k|ToyL{ k|ltjfbLx¿af6s/f/sf] kl/kfngf u/fO{ kfpm+ egL ug'{ ePsf] ax;;d]t ;'lgof] .

k|:t't d'2fsf] tYonfO{ x]bf{ k|:t't d'2fsf]kÔx¿ aLr tTsfnLg s/f/ P]g, @)@# jxfn/x"bfsf] ;do cyf{t @)$%.&.!% -gf]e]Dj/ !,!((*_ df 3/ axfn;DaGwL ;Demf}tf l;h{gfePsf] b]lvG5 . pQm s/f/ P]g, @)@# nfO{ s/f/P]g, @)%^ n] vf/]h u/]kl5 s/f/ P]g, @)%^sf] bkmf *^ cg';f/ pQm ;Demf}tfsf] bkmf $ df

ul/Psf] Joj:yfsf] oyfjt\ kl/kfngf u/L kfpgldlt @)^%.^.!) df k'g/fj]bs jfbLn] nlntk'/lhNnf cbfntdf lkm/fb bfo/ u/]sf]df pQmlhNnf cbfntn] k|:t't ljjfbdf s/f/ P]g,@)%^ nfu" gx'g] egL vf/]h ePsf] sfg"g cyf{t\s/f/ P]g, @)@# nfO{ cfwf/ dfgL pQm ;Demf}tfsf]bkmf $ cg';f/ jfbLn] k|ltjfbLx¿af6 ls=g!$( / !%) sf hUuf / ;f] df ag]sf] 3//fhLgfdf u/fO{ lng kfpg] km};nf u/]sf] b]lvG5 .pQm km};nfpk/ k|ltjfbLx¿sf] k'g/fj]bg k/]sf]dfk'g/fj]bg cbfntn] s/f/ P]g, @)%^ sf] bkmf$) tyf pQm bkmf $) sf] ;Gbe{nfO{ pNn]vu/L o; cbfntaf6 jL/z+s/ s;fO{ lj?4 clgtfnfdf ePsf] s/f/adf]lhdsf] Ôltk"lt{ /sd e/fO{kfpm+ -@)^@ ;fnsf] b]=k'=g+= (&$%_ eGg] d'2fdfePsf] lg0F{onfO{ cfwf/ dfgL z'? lhNnf cbfntsf]km};nfnfO{ plN6 u/L lkm/fb bfjLcg';f/ oyfjt\kl/kfngfsf] cfb]z hf/L gx'g] u/L ePsf] pQmkm};nfpk/ k'g/fj]bs jfbLsf] tkm{af6 o;cbfntdf k'g/fj]bg k/]sf]df pQm d'2fsf]ldl;nsf] cWoog / k'g/fj]bs jfbLsf tkm{af6pkl:yt x'g' ePsf ljåfg sfg"g Joj;foLx¿n]ug'{ ePsf] ax;;d]t ;'gL lg0F{otkm{ ljrf/ ubf{k'g/fj]bg cbfnt kf6gsf] km};nf ldn]sf] 5,5}g / k'g/fj]bs jfbLsf] k'g/fj]bg lhsL/ k'Ug;Sg] xf] jf xf]Og egL lg0F{o lbg'kg]{ b]lvgcfof] . o; ;DaGwdf lg0F{o ug{ k"j{ lgDgk|Zgx¿sf] lg?k0f ug'{kg]{ b]lvof]M

-s_ s'g} lnvt, ;Demf}tf jf s/f/ x'+bfsf]cj:yfdf k|rngdf /x]sf] s'g} sfg"g jfP]gnfO{ vf/]h ug]{ u/L gof+ P]g jfsfg"g ag]kl5 pQm ;Demf}tf jf s/f/sf]j}wtfsf] k/LÔ0F ubf{ jf pQm lnvt;Demf}tf jf s/f/cg';f/sf] bfloTj kfngfug{ jf ul/kfpg] pkrf/sf] ;DaGwdf



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k'/fgf] jf gof+ s'g P]g sfg"g nfu" x'g]xf] <

-v_ s'g} 3/ hUuf ljqmL;DaGwL zt{ /x]sf]s'g} s/f/ jf ;Demf}tf -Contract or

agreement to sell_ nfO{ d'n'sL P]g/lhi6«]zgsf] dxnsf] ! g+= cg';f//lhi6«]zg ug'{kg]{ jfWofTds sfg"gLJoj:yf 5 5}g, s/f/ P]g, @)%^ sf]bkmf ** sf] bfo/f s] xf] <

-u_ /lhi6«]zg kfl/t gePsf] 3/ hUuf v/LbljqmL;DaGwL ;Demf}tf -agreement to

sell land/ building_ nfO{ cbfntn]sfof{Gjog jf k|rng u/fpg ;lsg]s/f/ dflgG5 jf dflgb}g <

-3_ ;Demf}tf jf s/f/sf kÔx¿ dWo] s'g}Ps kÔn] csf]{ kÔk|lt k"/f ug'{kg]{bfloTj k"/f u/]sf] 5 jf 5}g eGg] s'/fosLg ug]{ cfwf/ s] x'g / k|:t't d'2fsfjfbLn] ldlt @)%%.&.!% -gf]e]Dj/ )!,!((*_ df ePsf] 3/ axfn ;Demf}tfsf]zt{ g+= $ df lgwf{l/t bfloTj k"/fu/]sf] cj:yf 5, 5}g <

-ª_ s/f/sf] oyfjt kl/kfngfsf] cfb]z hf/Lx'g] cfwf/ / cj:yf s] x'g / k|:t'td'2fdf jfbL bfjLadf]lhd s/f/sf] oyfjtkl/kfngfsf] cfb]z hf/L ug'{ gkg]{ egLk'g/fj]bg cbfnt kf6gaf6 ePsf]km};nf ldn]sf] 5 jf 5}g <

@= klxnf] k|Zg cyf{t\ vf/]h ePsf s'g}sfg"g k|rngdf /x]sf] cj:yfdf l;h{gf ePsf]s'g} lnvt jf s/f/sf] j}wtf, o;sf] zt{x¿sf]kfngf tyf bfloTjsf] kl/kfngf ;DaGwdf pTkGgljjfb lg?k0f ubf{ pQm vf/]h ePsf] P]g sfg"gjf ;f]nfO{ vf/]h u/L ;f]sf] ;6[fdf cfPsf] gof+P]g sfg"gsf] Joj:yfdWo] s'g P]g sfg"g nfu"

x'g] klxnf] k|Zgsf] ;DaGwdf ljrf/ ubf{ s/f/sfg"gsf] k|s[lt, p2]Zo / ljjfb;+u ;DalGwts/f/sf] k|s[lt, o;sf] ljÈoj:t', s/f/ nfu" jfsfod /xg] cjlw ;d]tsf] ljÈodf ljj]rgfug'{kg]{ x'G5 .

#= s/f/ sfg"gsf] bfo/fleq ;jf]{Rrcbfntaf6 k|ltkflbt l;4fGtx¿ nufot cGow]/} k|sf/sf P]g, lgodx¿ klg kb{5g\ . g]kfnsf];Gbe{df g} x]g]{ xf] eg] s/f/sf] ljÈoj:t', s/f/sf]cjlw tyf s/f/sf kÔx¿sf] sfg"gL x}l;ot-h:tf] g]kfn ;/sf/ jf cGo ;/sf/L :jfldTjsfjf lgoGq0Fdf ;~rflnt sDkgL, ;+:yfg jfcGo lgsfox¿ s/f/sf] Ps kÔ /x]sf] s/f/ xf]jf s/f/sf b'j} kÔ lghL Ô]qsf u}/;/sf/Llgsfox¿ aLr ePsf] s/f/ lyof] eGg] s'/f_ n]klg ljz]È dxTj /fVb5 . s/f/sf kÔx¿;/sf/L jf lghL Ô]qsf] s'g} JolQm jf lgsfox¿sf] lyP eGg] cfwf/df klg o:tf] ;Demf}tfsf]l;h{gf sfof{Gjog tyf ;Dkfbg ;DaGwdfkm/skm/s P]gx¿ nfu" x'g] ub{5g\ . h:tf] s/f/P]g, @)%^, /sd / ;/sf/L 7]Ssf aGbf]j:tP]g, @)@) ;fj{hlgs v/Lb P]g, @)^# tyfk"jf{wf/ ;+/rgfsf] lgdf{0F tyf ;~rfngdf lghLnufgL P]g, @)^# h:tf P]gx¿nfO{ s/f/;DaGwL;fdfGo sfg"g tyf ljz]È k|s[ltsf] s/f/;DaGwdf nfu" x'g] ljz]È sfg"gsf] ?kdf lng;lsG5 . s/f/sf] l;h{gf;DaGwL ;fdfGo k|lqmof,s/f/ j}w dflgg] jf gdflgg] cj:yf, s/f/LobfloTj kfngf ubf{ ckgfpg' kg]{ k|lqmof, bfloTjkfngf ug{ gkg]{ jf bfloTj kfngfaf6 s/f/sf]s'g} kÔn] pGd'lQm kfpg] cj:yfnufot s/f/pNn3+g x'+bf k|fKt x'g] pkrf/ tyf pkrf/sf]dfu ug{ cbfnt k|j]z ug]{ xbDofb h:tf ;fdfGoljÈox¿sf af/]df s/f/ P]g, @)%^ Joj:yfu/]sf] 5 . ljz]È k|s[ltsf] s/f/ jf ljz]È k|sf/sf]ljÈoj:t' ePsf] s/f/ ;DaGwdf Joj:yf ug{

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agfOPsf] s/f/;DaGwL ljz]È P]g -h:tf] k"j{wf/;+/rgfsf] lgdf{0F tyf ;~rfngdf lghL nufgLP]g, @)^#_ n] s/f/sf] l;h{gf jf ljjfbsf];dfwfgsf] k|lqmof cflbsf] jf/]df 5'6[} Joj:yfgu/]sf] cj:yfdf ;j} k|sf/sf s/f/x¿ -cyf{t\u}/;/sf/L JolQmaLr dfq ePsf] s/f/ nufots/f/ Ps kÔ ;/sf/L lgsfo /x]sf] s/f/x¿_sf] ;DaGwdf klg s/f/ P]g, @)%^ sf Joj:yfx¿nfu" x'G5g . csf]{ dxTjk"0F{ s'/f s] 5 eg]plNnlvt ljleGg P]gcGtu{t s/f/ l;h{gf x'g]k|lqmof, s/f/sf kÔx¿sf] of]Uotf, s/f/sf] cjlw,ljÈoj:t' / s/f/sf] kÔx¿sf] sfg"gL x}l;ot-;/sf/L lgsfo jf lghL JolQm tyf lgsfo_km/s x'g ;Sb5 . o;dWo] s/f/sf] j}wtf /s/f/Lo bfloTj, sfod /xg] cjlwsf] s'/f ljz]ÈdxTjsf] x'G5 . s'g} s/f/sf] cjlw clt cNkcjlwsf] x'G5 / s/f/sf] l;h{gf tyf s/f/LobfloTjsf] kl/kfngf Ps} ;fy ;DkGg x'g ;St5 .h:tf]M /]li6/]G6 jf xf]6]ndf vfgf vfO{ ljnlt/]kl5 jf s'g} k;nsf] sfpG6/af6 s'g} ;fdfgv/Lb u/L o;sf] ljncg';f/ d"No lt/] kl5s/f/sf] l;h{gf tyf kl/kfngf eO{ s/f/Lo;DaGw klg ;dfKt x'G5 . t/ ;a} s/f/x¿o:tf] cNk cjlwsf x'b}gg / s/f/sf] kl/kfngf/ ;dflKt / ljjfb/lxt x'b}g . jf:tljs Jojxf// k|rngdf Ps jÈ{b]lv %) / ^) jÈ{sf]cjlw;Dd jxfn /xg] s/f/x¿ klg l;h{gfePsf x'G5g . h:tf] k|:t't ljjfb;+u ;DalGwts/f/sf] cjlw @) jÈ{sf] 5 . t/ o:tf] nfdf]cjlwsf] s/f/ l;h{gf x'+bfsf] ;dodf sfod/x]sf] s/f/ sfg"gnfO{ ;f]sf] ;6[fdf cfPsf] gof+sfg"g jf P]gn] vf/]h u/L gof+ P]g nfu" ePsf]x'g ;Qm5 . k|:t't ljjfbdf s/f/Lo ;DaGwl;h{gf x'+bfsf] ;dodf jxfn /x]sf] s/f/ P]g,@)@# nfO{ s/f/ P]g, @)%^ n] vf/]h u/]sf] 5/ s/f/sf] kl/kfngfsf] ljÈodf kÔx¿ aLr

ljjfb pTkGg x'+bf sfod /x]sf] gof+ P]gn] s/f/ug]{ kÔx¿sf] of]Uotf jf s/f/sf] j}wtf hf+rug]{ cfwf/ jf zt{x¿ nufot s/f/ pNn3+gx'+bf k|fKt x'g] pkrf/, kÔn] bfloTjaf6 pGd'lQmjf 5'6sf/f kfpg] cj:yf / cfwf/ nufotxbDofb ;DaGwdf gof+ jf yk Joj:yf klgu/]sf] 5 . o;}n] s/f/sf] kfngf;DaGwLljjfbx¿df lg0F{o ubf{ lg?k0f ug{'kg]{ w]/} tYouttyf sfg"gL k|Zgx¿ dWo] ljjfb;+u ;DalGwts/f/sf] j}wtf, o; cGtu{t k|fKt x'g] pkrf/tyf o;sf] bfo/fsf] k|s[lt, ljjfb ;dfwfg ug]{;+oGq, -cbfnt jf dWo:ytf s] xf]_ tyf pkrf/dfu ug]{ xbDofb h:tf k|Zgx¿ klg lg?k0fug{'kg]{ x'G5 . csf]{ cy{df eGg] xf] eg] ljjfblg?k0fstf{ cbfntdf jf dWo:ystf{n] lg?k0fug{'kg]{ k|Zgx¿nfO{ b'O{ ;d"xdf ljefhg ug{;lsG5 . h:tf]M

s_ s/f/sf] j}wtf cyf{t\ ljjfbsf kÔx¿aLr sfg"gadf]lhd sfof{Gjog ug{ ;Sg];Demf}tf jf s/f/Lo ;DaGw l;h{gf ePsf]cj:yf 5 jf 5}g eGg] k|f/lDes k|Zg /

v_ k|df0Fsf] d"NofÍgaf6 osLg ug{'kg]{s/f/Lo bfloTjsf] kl/kfngf, dfuul/Psf ] pkrf/sf ] cf } lrTotf ,lg0F{ostf{sf] Ô]qflwsf/ tyf xbDofbh:tf ljÈo;+u ;DalGwt tYout tyfsfg"gL k|Zgx¿ .

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s/f/x¿_ ;fdfGotofM @ jÈ{b]lv () jÈ{;Ddsf]cjlwsf klg x'g ;St5g\ . ;Demf}tfsf] kl/kfngf;+u;DalGwt ljjfbdf lg0F{o ubf{ lg?k0f ug{'kg]{ w]/}sfg"gL tyf tYout k|Zgx¿dWo] plNnlvt b'O{k|Zgx¿ -h:tf]M s/f/ l;h{gf x'+bf sfod /x]sf]s/f/ P]g, @)@# jf s/f/Lo bfloTjsf]kl/kfngf;DaGwL ljjfb pTkGg x'+bf sfod /x]sf]s/f/ P]g, @)%^_ dWo] s'g sfg"g nfu" x'g] k|Zgn]cToflws 7"nf] dxTj /fVg] ub{5 . of] k|Zgsf]lg?k0f ubf{ s/f/ sfg"g / cGo b]jfgL tyf kmf}hbf/Lsfg"gx¿sf] k|s[lt tyf bfo/fsf] km/ssf ;DaGwdfljj]rgf ug{'kg]{ x'G5 .

%= s/f/ sfg"gsf] p2]Zo, ljÈoj:t'tyf k|s[lt cGo b]jfgL tyf kmf}hbf/L sfg"gsf]p2]Zo, k|s[lt / bfo/fsf aLr w]/} 7"nf] leGgbtf/x]sf] x'G5 . s/f/ sfg"g cfkm}n] s'g} klg JolQmsf]xs jf bfloTj l;h{gf ub}{g . o;} u/L kmf}hbf/Lsfg"gn] h:tf] s'g} vf; sfo{ jf ultljlwdf/f]s nufpg] jf o;sf] pNn+3g ug]{nfO{ b08 jfh/Ljfgf ug]{ p2]Zo klg s/f/ sfg"gsf] x'b}g .s/f/ sfg"gn] s]jn sfg"gadf]lhd sfof{Gjogug{ ;lsg] ;Demf}tf jf s/f/Lo ;DaGwsf] l;h{gfug]{ k|lqmof, s/f/ ug{ ;Sg] JolQmsf] of]Uotf,s/f/sf] kl/kfngf jf k|lqmof, s/f/Lo bfloTjaf6pGd'lQm kfpg] cj:yf, s/f/ pNn3+g x'+bf k|fKtx'g ;Sg] pkrf/ h:tf sfo{ljlwut tyf ;}4flGtsljÈox¿ dfq ;d]6]sf] x'G5 . o;}n] s/f/;DaGwLljjfbdf lg0F{o ubf{ s'g} JolQmsf] xs bfloTjl;h{gf ug]{ cGo b]jfgL sfg"g tyf kmf}hbf/Lsfg"gx¿sf] kZrftbzL{ jf cg'bzL{ k|of]u s] x'g]kmf}hbf/L Gofo jf b]jfgL Gofosf l;4fGtx¿nfO{oyfl:yltdf nfu" ug]{ cj:yf x'b}g . vf;dfeGg] xf] eg] s/f/ sfg"gx¿ vf/]h x'+bf jf gof+P]g cfp+bf o:tf] P]gsf] kZrftbzL{ jf cg'bzL{k|of]usf] cj:yf jf ;Defjgf g} x'b}g / s'g}s/f/;DaGwL ljjfbdf lg0F{o ubf{ s'g} s/f/

sfg"gsf] kZrftbzL{ jf cg'bzL{ k|of]unfO{ cfwf/dfGg'kg]{ cj:yf klg x'b}g . s/f/ l;h{gf ePsf]!) jf @) jÈ{ kl5 o:tf] s/f/Lo bfloTjsf]kfngf ;DaGwdf p7]sf] s'g} ljjfbdf pQm s/f/sf]j}wtf;DaGwL k|Zg klg p7]sf] eP s/f/Lo bfloTjl;h{gf x'+bfsf cj:yfdf nfu" x'+bf h'g s/f/sfg"g sfod lyof] ;f]xL sfg"gsf] cfwf/df o:tf]s/f/sf] j}wtf k/LÔ0F x'g] s'/f xf] . tTsfnk|rngdf /x]sf] s/f/ sfg"gnfO{ To;kl5 ag]sf]sfg"gn] vf/]h u/L s/f/ l;h{gf x'+bfsf] cj:yfsf]sfg"gcg';f/ j}w dflgg] s'g} lnvt jf s/f/sf]ljÈoj:t'nfO{ kl5 cfpg] gof+ sfg"gn] k|ltjGwnufPdf o:tf] sfg"g nfu" ePkl5 pQm s/f/:jtM ab/ x'g] x'+bf gof+ P]g nfu" ePkl5sf]cjlwdf pQm s/f/cg';f/ l;h{gf eO{ kl/kfngfx'g af+sL sfo{ k"/f ug{af6 s/f/sf kÔx¿n]:jtM pGd'lQm kfpg] x'+bf o:tf] cj:yfdf s/f/sfkÔx¿ aLr pTkGg s/f/Lo bf loTjkl/kfngf;DaGwL ljjfb sfg"g ;+zf]wg x'g' k"j{sf]af+sL bfloTj;+u dfq ;DalGwt x'G5 / o:tf]cj:yfdf k'/fg} P]g nfu" x'g] x'+bf o:tf] cj:yfdfgof+ jf k'/fgf] s'g P]gcg';f/ s/f/Lo bfloTjsf]lgwf{/0F jf kl/efÈf ug]{ eGg] cj:yf g} /xb}g .o;} u/L k'/fgf] P]gcg';f/ l;h{gf ePsf] / gof+sfg"gn] k|ltjGw gnufPsf] s'g} ljÈoj:t' ePsf]s/f/sf] kl/kfngf ;DaGwdf gof+ sfg"g nfu"ePkl5 pTkGg ljjfbsf] lg?k0fsf] k|lqmof, pknJwpkrf/ tyf xbDofbsf ;DaGwdf gof+ P]gsf]Joj:yf nfu" x'g] x'+bf o:tf] ljjfbdf k'/fgf]sfg"g nfu" x'g] cj:yf x'b}g . nfdf] ;dosf]nflu ePsf] s/f/sf] k"0F{ cjlwleq Pskl5csf]{ gof+ s/f/ P]g nfu" eO{ k'/fgf] P]g vf/]hx'g ;Sg] / o;/L cfpg] gof+ P]gn] s/f/sf] s'g}kÔnfO{ s/f/ x'+bfsf] cj:yfsf] sfg"gcGtu{ts/f/sf] o:tf] kÔn] axg ug{'kg]{ eGbf ykbfloTj jf yk cfly{s ef/ af]sfpg] jf tf]Sg]

297297297297297

sfd ePsf] jf s/f/sf kÔx¿dWo] s'g} PskÔn] kfpg] pkrf/ csf]{ kÔn] kfpg g;Sg]u/L e]befj u/]sf] cj:yfdf jfx]s s/f/ pNn3+gx'+bf s/f/sf kÔx¿n] k|fKt ug{;Sg] pkrf/sf;DaGwdf gof+ P]gcg';f/sf] g} pkrf/ g} b'j}kÔnfO{ k|fKt x'G5 . t/ s/f/Lo bfloTjsf] lgwf{/0Fug]{ qmddf jf s/f/sf] j}wtf tyf cÔ'0Ftf-continuity_ ;DaGwL ljjfb klg pTkGg ePdfsfg"g JofVof;DaGwL dfGo l;4fGtcg';f/ o:tf]cj:yfdf s/f/sf] j}wtfsf] ljÈodf k'/fgf] sfg"g/ s/f/sf] cÔ'0Ftf -continuity_ sf] k|ZgnfO{gof+ sfg"gsf] cfwf/df lg?k0f ug'{kg]{ s'/f lgljjf{b5 . csf]{ zJbdf eGg] xf] eg] s/f/sf] j}wtfsf]k|ZgnfO{ k'/fgf] sfg"gsf] cfwf/df k/LÔ0F ug'{kb{5 / gof+ sfg"g lje]bsf/L gePsf] cj:yfdfs/f/ cÔ'0Ftf jf pQm s/f/ pNn3+g x'+bf s:tf]pkrf/ k|fKt ug]{ eGg] k|ZgnfO{ gof+ sfg"gsf]cfwf/df lg?k0f ug{'kg]{ x'G5 . o;}n] s/f/sf]kl/kfngf, bfloTjaf6 pGd'lQm, xbDofb, tyfkÔx¿nfO{ k|fKt x'g] pkrf/ ;DaGwdf klg gof+sfg"g g} nfu" x'g] b]lvof] .

^= k|:t't ljjfbdf kÔx¿ aLr ldlt@)%%.&.!% -gf]e]Dj/ )!,!((*_ df ePsf] 3/hUuf axfn;DaGwL ;Demf}tfsf] j}wtfsf] k|ZggeO{ s]jn s'g P]gsf] pkrf/ k|fKt ug]{ eGg]ljÈo ePsf]n] pk/f]Qm k|s/0Fx¿df ljj]rgful/Pcg';f/ k|:t't ljjfbdf s/f/ P]g @)@#sf] Joj:yf nfu" x'g] geO{ s/f/ P]g, @)%^ s}Joj:yf nfu" x'g] b]lvof] .

&= k"j{ lgwf{l/t zt{x¿ k"/f u/]sf]cj:yfdf k"j{ lgwf{l/t d"Nodf s'g} 3/ hUufs/f/ jf ;Demf}tfsf] -agreement to sell_ jflnvtsf] sfg"gL dfGotfsf] nflu d'n'sL P]g/lhi6«]zgsf] dxn sf] ! g+= cg';f/ clgjfo{?kdf /lhi6«]zg kfl/t ug'{kg]{ sfg"gL Joj:yf5 jf 5}g / s/f/ P]g, @)%^ sf] bkmf ** sf]

bfo/f s] xf] eGg] bf];|f] k|Zgsf] lg?k0f ug{sf]nflu o;} cbfntsf] k"0F{ Ohnf;af6 tLy{s'df/L/f0Ff lj= /fdz+s/ >]i7 -g]sfk @)$(, k[i7 !_df k|ltkflbt l;4fGt, pQm d'2fsf] tYo, k|:t'td'2fsf] tYo, / s/f/ P]g, @)%^ sf] bkmf ** dful/Psf] Joj:yfsf] ljj]rgf ug'{kg]{ x'G5 . pQmtLy{s'df/L /f0Ffsf] d'2fdf / k|:t't d'2fsf] tYo;du|df ;dfg /x]sf] b]lvG5 . pQm d'2fdftLy{s'df/L /f0Ffn] cfkm\gf] xs ef]usf] hUuf pQmd'2fsf jfbL /fdz+s/ >]i7nfO{ ?=#* nfvdflaqmL ug]{ s'/f to eO{ @)#$.$.!# df s/f/ePsf] / pQm ?=#* nfvdWo] ?=!^ nfv s/f/x'+bfs} lbgdf a'́ fO{ af+sL /sd a'́ fPkl5 ^dlxgfleq hUuf laqmL ul/g] zt{ klg pQms/f/df /x]sf] b]lvG5 . s/f/sf] lnvtcg';f/tLy{s'df/L /f0Ffn] hUuf /lhi6«]zg kfl/t gu/LlbPsf]n] s/f/cg';f/sf] hUuf /lhi6«]zg kfl/tul/kfp"m egL s/f/df tf]lsPsf] hUufsf] d"NodWo]a'́ fpg af+sL /sd cbfntdf g} w/f}6 /fvLlkm/fb bfo/ ePsf] pQm d'2fdf cGo k|Zgx¿sf]cltl/Qm pQm 3/ hUuf laqmL u/L lng]lbg] zt{/x]sf] lnvt /lhi6«]zg kfl/t ug'{kg]{ lnvt xf]jf xf]Og eGg] k|Zg ;d]t ;dfj]z pQm d'2fdfælglZrt ;do kl5 lnvtdf n]lvPsf] 3/hUuf laqmL u/L lng]lbg] eGg] zt{df s/f/Lo;Demf}tf;Dd ePsf] x'+bf pQm lnvt hUuflaqmLsf] lnvt geO{ ljqmL u/L lng]lbg] s'/fsf]d~h"/L -agreement to sell_ sf] lnvt ePsf]k|i6 5 . o:tf] lnvtnfO{ /lhi6«]zg ug'{kg]{jfWofTds Joj:yf /x] ePsf] gkfOg] eGg] l;4fGtk|ltkfbg eO{ tLy{s'df/L /f0Ffn] /fdz+s/ >]i7nfO{s/f/sf] lnvtcg';f/ hUuf /lhi6«]zg kfl/tul/lbg' kg]{ clGtd 7x/ o; cbfntsf] k"0F{Ohnf;af6 ;b/ ePsf] b]lvG5 .

*= hUuf laqmL;DaGwL s/f/sf] lnvt-agreement to sell_ s/f/ P]g, @)@# cGtu{tsf]



298298298298298

s/f/ xf] jf xf]Og eGg] k|Zg klg pQm d'2fdfp7L o:tf] lnvt s/f/ xf] / pQm s/f/ P]g,@)@# sf] bkmf !)-!_ cg';f/ s/f/sf kÔn]s/f/sf] bfloTj k"/f ug{'kg]{ jfWofTds Joj:yfePsf] x'+bf jfbLn] hUufsf] d"Noafkt a'́ fpgaf+sL /sd pQm s/f/ P]g, @)@# sf] bkmf !)-!_ cg';f/ cbfntdf g} w/f}6L /flv lkm/fbbfo/ u/]sf] cj:yfdf s/f/sf] Ps kÔ -jfbLkÔ_ n] cfkm\gf] bfloTj k"/f u/]sf] cj:yfdfcsf]{ kÔn] klg cfkm\gf] bfloTj k"/f ug'{ kb{5eGg] cfzosf] l;4fGt klg pQm d'2fdf k|ltkfbgePsf] b]lvG5 .

(= k|:t't ljjfb;"u ;DalGwt lnvt3/ jxfn;DaGwL ;Demf}tfsf] gfdfs/0F ul/Psf]ePtfklg ldlt @)%%.&.!% -gf]e]Dj/ )!, !((*_df ePsf] pQm ;Demf}tfsf] zt{ g+= $ df;Demf}tfsf] cjlwleq hUufsf] d"No o'=P;=8n/!,%),))). k|:t't d'2fsf] jfbL kÔn] k|ltjfbLnfO{a'́ fPsf] cj:yfdf ;Demf}tfdf plNnlvt 3/hUuf k|ltjfbL kÔn] jfbL kÔsf] gfddf/lhi6«]zg kfl/t ul/lbg] zt{ /x]sf]df jfbLn]pQm /sd a'́ fPsf] k|df0F k]z ug{ g;s]sf] /pQm /sd cbfntdf w/f}6L g/fvL s]jnk|ltjfbLn] pQm d"No a'l´lng OGsf/L hUuf/lhi6«]zg kfl/t u/L glbPsf]n] s/f/ P]g, @)%^sf] bkmf *^ cg';f/ hUuf /lhi6«]zg kfl/t u/Llbg'kg]{ 7x/ u/L s/f/sf] oyfjt kl/kfngful/kfpm+ eGg] lkm/fb bfjL eP /x]sf] cj:yfdfjfbLn] ;Demf}tfcg';f/ k"/f ug{'kg]{ bfloTTj k"/fu/]sf] tYo k|dfl0Ft ug{sf] nflu hUufsf] d"Noafktcfkm"n] a'́ fpg' kg]{ /sd a'́ fPsf] k|df0F k]zgu/L / 3/ hUufsf] d"Noafkt a'́ fpg kg]{/sd cbfntdf w/f}6 g/fvL lkm/fb bfo/ ePsf]dfz'? lhNnf cbfntaf6 ;Demf}tfcg';f/ hUufkfl/t ul/lbg' kg]{ u/L km};nf ePsf] b]lvG5 .t/ pQm lg0F{osf] lj?4df k|ltjfbLsf] k'g/fj]bg

k/]sf]df d'n'sL P]g /lhi6«]zgsf] dxnsf] ! g+=df ul/Psf] Joj:yf / s/f/ P]g, @)%^ sf] bkmf** df ul/Psf] Joj:yfcg'¿k crn ;DklQsf]xssf] lnvt /lhi6«]zg kfl/t u/fpg kg]{df ;f]gu/]sf]n] pQm lnvtn] sfg"gL dfGotf k|fKt ug{g;Sg] eGg] cfwf/ b]vfO{ jfbL k|ltjfbLaLrePsf] crn 3/ hUufsf] v/Lb laqmL;DaGwLs/f/Lo zt{ cbfntaf6 kfngf u/fpg ldNg]egL k'g/fj]bg cbfntaf6 oyfjt kl/kfngsf]bfjL gk'Ug] 7x/ u/L lhNnf cbfntsf] km};nfpN6L u/]sf] b]lvG5 .

!)= k|:t't d'2fdf k'g/fj]bg cbfntsf]7x/ ldn]sf] 5 jf 5}g ;DaGwdf lg0F{o ubf{lgDg b'O{ k|Zgx¿ lg?k0f ug'{kg]{ b]lvG5M–

-!_ 3/ hUuf laqmL ug]{ lnvt jf s/f/-agreement to sell land_ nfO{ d'n'sL P]g/lhi6«]zgsf] dxnsf] Joj:yfcg';f/clgjfo{ ?kdf /lhi6«]zg ug{'kg]{ lnvtxf] jf xf]Og, /

-@_ s/f/ P]g, @)%^ sf] bkmf ** sf] p2]Zo/ bfo/f s] xf] eGg] s'/f g} d"n ?kdfljj]rgf ug'{kg]{ b]lvof] .

!!= klxnf] k|Zg cyf{t\ 3/ hUuf laqmLsf]zt{ /x]sf] lnvt -agreement to sell land_ s/f/sf]lnvt xf], o;af6 xs x:tfGt/0F x'g] geO{ csf]{5'6[} laqmLsf] lnvt -Sale deed_ af6 dfq xsx:tfGt/0F x'g] ePsf]n] 3/ hUuf laqmLsf] zt{/x]sf] s/f/ jf lnvt /lhi6«]zgsf] dxnsf]bfo/fdf gkg]{ k|Zg tLy{s'df/L /f0Ffsf] pk/f]Qmd'2fdf k|ltkflbt l;4fGtaf6 lg?k0f ePsf] ljÈob]lvG5 . ca pQm l;4fGt k|ltkfbg eP kZrft\cfPsf] s/f/ P]g, @)%^ sf] bkmf ** sf] Joj:yfn]pQm d'2fdf k|ltkflbt l;4fGtnfO{ lgliqmo jfvf/]h u/]sf] xf] ls eGg] k|Zg klg p7\g ;Qm5 .

299299299299299

o;sf] nflu pQm P]gsf] bkmf ** sf] Joj:yfsf]bfo/f tyf p2]Zo s] xf] egL x]g'{kg]{ x'G5 . pQmbkmf ** sf] Joj:yf lgDgcg';f/ 5M–

k|rlnt sfg"gsf] kfngf ug'{kg]{k|rlnt sfg"gn] s'g} vf; k|sf/sf] s/f/ug{ s'g} vf; sfo{ljlw k"/f ug'{kg]{ Joj:yfu/]sf] jf s'g} ;/sf/L sfof{nodf /lhi6«]zgug'{kg]{ Joj:yf u/]sf] /x]5 eg] To:tf] /Ltk"/f gu/L ePsf] s/f/ dfGo x'g] 5}g .

pk/f]Qm sfg"gL Joj:yf x]bf{ s'g} s/f/cdfGo x'gsf] nflu lgDg zt{x¿ k"/f u/]sf] x'g'kg]{ b]lvG5M–

-i_ s'g} k|rlnt sfg"gn] s'g} vf; k|sf/sf]s/f/ ug{ vf; k|sf/sf] sfo{ljlw k"/fug{'kg]{ eGg] tf]lsPsf] / o:tf] k|lqmofk"/f gu/L ePsf] s/f/,

-ii_ s'g} k|rlnt g]kfn sfg"gn] s'g} vf;s/f/ ;/sf/L sfof{nodf btf{ x'g kg]{egL tf]lsPsf]df o;/L btf{ gePsf]s/f/ .

!@= ;fj{hlgs v/Lb P]g, @)^# sf]Joj:yf nfu" x'g] g]kfn ;/sf/, cGo ;/sf/Ltyf ;fj{hlgs lgsfox¿n] s'g} j:t' jf ;]jfv/Lb ubf{ jf s'g} lgdf{0F sfo{ u/fp+gsf nflus'g} s/f/ ubf{ u/fp+bf ckgfpg' kg]{ sfo{ljlwsf]jf/]df ;fj{hlgs v/Lb P]g, @)^# n] Joj:yfu/]sf] 5 . o:t} Joj:yf /sd / ;/sf/L 7]SsfJoj:yf P]g, @)@) df klg 5 . t/ s'g} u}/;/sf/L lgsfo jf JolQmx¿ aLr x'g] 3/ hUuflaqmLsf] zt{ /x]sf] s/f/ ubf{ u/fp+bf k'of{}pg'kg]{ sfo{ljlw s'g} P]gn] tf]s]sf] b]lvb}g . t/s]xL vf; p2]Zo ePsf ;Demf}tf jf s/f/x¿

;/sf/L lgsfodf btf{ u/fpg kg]{ af/]df /lhi6«]zgug'{kg]{ Joj:yf u/]sf] b]lvG5 . h:tf] ljb]zLnufgL tyf k|ljlw x:tfGt/0F P]g, @)$( sf]bkmf # cg';f/ ljb]zL nufgLstf{ / :jb]zLnufgLstf{ aLr ePsf] ;+o'Qm nufgL ;Demf}tfpBf]u ljefudf btf{ ug{'kg]{ sfg"gL Joj:yf 5 .t/ 3/ hUuf laqmL ug]{ zt{ /x]sf] -agreement

to sell_ s/f/ jf lnvtnfO{ 3/ hUuf ljqmLsf]lnvt -sale deed_ xf] egL dfGg gldNg] x'gfn]o:tf] lnvt cyf{t\ 3/ hUuf laqmLsf] lnvt-agreement to sell_ nfO{ d'n'sL P]g /lhi6«]]zgsf]dxncg';f/ btf{ u/fpg' kg]{ lnvt jf s/f/dflgb}g egL plNnlvt tLy{s'df/L /f0Ffsf] d'2fdfo; cbfntsf] j[xt k"0F{ Ohnf;af6 l;4fGtk|ltkfbg eO{ pQm l;4fGt clxn];Dd oyfjt\/x]sf] cj:yfdf s/f/ P]g, @)%^ sf] bkmf **sf] Joj:yf 3/ hUuf v/Lb u/L lng] lbg] zt{/x]sf] s/f/ jf lnvtsf] xsdf nfu" x'g] b]lvPg .pQm P]gsf] bkmf ** df ul/Psf] Joj:yf cfkm}dfk|of]udf cfpg] aGwgsf/L Joj:yf geO{ s'g}vf; k|sf/sf] s/f/ ubf{ s'g} k|lqmof ckgfpgkg]{ jf s'g} s/f/ ;/sf/L sfof{nodf /lhi6«]zgu/fpg' kg]{ jf/]df cGo k|rlnt g]kfn sfg"gdf:ki6 Joj:yf ePdf dfq o:tf] sfo{ljlw k"/fgePsf] jf /lhi6«]gzg gePsf] s/f/ cdfGox'g] lgb]{zgfTds Joj:yf;Dd pQm bkmf ** dful/Psf] b]lv+bf ;Demf}tfdf pNn]v ul/Psf zt{x¿k"/f ePsf] cj:yfdf s'g} 3/ hUuf v/Lb jflaqmL ul/lbg] zt{ /x]sf] s/f/ jf ;Demf}tfsf]lnvtsf] dfGotfsf] nflu s'g} ;/sf/L sfof{nodfbtf{ x'g}kg]{ 5'6[} :ki6 sfg"gL Joj:yfsf] cefjdf;Demf}tfdf lgwf{l/t zt{ k"/f ePsf] cj:yfdfs'g} 3/ hUuf v/Lb ul/lbg] / lng] zt{ /x]sf]k|:t't ljjfb;+u ;DalGwt pQm ldlt @)%%.&.!%sf] 3/ jxfn ;Demf}tfsf] bkmf $ sf] Joj:yfsf]j}wtfsf] nflu pQm ;Demf}tf d'n'sL P]g



300300300300300

/lhi6«]zgsf] dxnsf] ! g+= cg';f/ btf{ x'g} kg]{s/f/ jf lnvt xf] eGg ;lsPg . plNnlvtcfwf/ tyf sf/0Faf6 d'n'sL P]g /lhi6«]zgsf]dxnsf] ! g+ sf] Joj:yfcg';f/ /lhi6«]zggu/fPsf] eGg] ;d]t cfwf/ b]vfO{ pQm ldlt@)%%.&.!% sf] ;Demf}tfnfO{ sfg"gL dfGotfglbg] eGg] cfzosf] k'g/fj]bg cbfnt kf6gsf]lg0F{o;+u of] cbfnt ;xdt x'g ;Sg] cj:yfb]lvPg .

!#= s'g} ;/sf/L sfof{nodf /lhi6«]zgkfl/t gePsf] s'g} 3/, hUuf jf ;fd"lxs cfjf;cfof]hgfcGtu{t lgdf{0F ePsf] kmNof6 v/LblaqmLsf] zt{ /x]sf] lnvt -agreement to sell_nfO{ cbfntn] dfGotf lbg, sfof{Gjog ug{ jfk|rng ug{ u/fpg ;St5 jf ;St}g eGg] t];|f]k|Zgsf] ;DaGwdf ljrf/ ubf{ s/f/ P]g, @)%^sf] bkmf ** sf] p2]Zo, k|of]hg / bfo/fsf];DaGwdf pk/f]Qm k|s/0Fx¿df ul/Psf]ljj]rgfnfO{ cfwf/ dfGg'kg]{ x'G5 .

!$= pk/f]Qm k|s/0Fx¿df ul/Psf]ljj]rgfcg';f/ s/f/ P]g, @)%^ sf] bkmf **sf] Joj:yf cfkm}df k"0F{ jf :jod+ k|rngdfcfpg] sfg"gL Joj:yf -Self Contained legislation_geO{ cGo sfg"gn] lgwf{/0F ul/Psf] sfo{ljlwk"/f gu/L ePsf] s/f/ -h:tf]M ;fj{hlgs v/LbP]gsf] k|lqmof k"/f gu/L ePsf s/f/x¿_ tyf;/sf/L sfof{nodf clgjfo{ ?kdf btf{ x'g'kg]{egL k|rlnt g]kfn sfg"gdf Joj:yf ePsf]s/f/x¿ -h:tf]M ljb]zL nufgL tyf k|ljlwx:tfGt/0F;DaGwL P]g, @)$( sf] bkmf # cg';f/pBf]u ljefudf btf{ x'g'kg]{df o;/L btf{ gePsfs/f/x¿_ cdfGo x'g] eGg] lgb] {zgfTdsJoj:yf;Dd ePsf] eGg] s'/f pQm P]gsf] bkmf** sf] zLif{saf6 g} :ki6 x'G5 . 3/ hUufv/Lb jf ljqmLsf] zt{ /x]sf] s/f/nfO{ sfg"gLdfGotf k|fKt ug{sf] nflu o;nfO{ o:tf] s/f/,

;Demf}tf jf lnvtnfO{ d'n'sL P]g /lhi6«]zgsf]dxnsf] ! g+= cg';f/ /lhi6«]zg x'g jf ug{u/fpg gkg]{ ;DaGwdf ;jf]{Rr cbfntaf6tLy{s'df/L /f0Ff lj= /fdz+s/ >]i7sf] d'2fdfl;4fGt k|ltkfbg eO{ pQm l;4fGt xfn;Ddsfod /x]sf] cj:yfdf s'g} 3/, hUuf, ;+o'Qmcfjf; of]hgfcGtu{t lgdf{0F ePsf] 3/ / 3/sfkm\Nof6x¿ ;Demf}tfdf lgwf{l/t zt{ k"/f ePsf]cj:yfdf v/Lb laqmL u/L lng]lbg] ;DaGwdfePsf ;Dk"0F{ s/f/ jf ;Demf}tfx¿ nufotcrn ;DklQ k|of]u ug]{ jf ;Demf}tfdf lgwf{l/tzt{ k"/f ePkl5 o:tf] crn ;DklQdf :jfldTjsf]xs k|fKt x'g] zt{ /x]sf cGo ;Demf}tf jfs/f/n] sfg"gL dfGotf k|fKt ug{ o:tf ;Demf}tfjf s/f/x¿ d'n'sL P]g /lhi6«]zgsf] ! g+= sf]Joj:yfcg';f/ btf{ x'g'kg]{ sfg"gL jfWotf eP/x]sf] b]lvPg . o;}n] crn ;DklQsf] k|of]uef]u rng tyf lgwf{l/t zt{ k"/f ePsf]cj:yfdf xs x:tfGt/0F ug{'kg]{ zt{ /x]sfs/f/ jf ;Demf}tfx¿n] sfg"gL dfGotf k|fKtug{ ;/sf/L lgsfodf btf{ u/]sf] x'g} kg]{ cGos'g} P]g sfg"g eP /x]sf] gb]lvPsf] cj:yfdfk|:t't d'2f;"u ;DaGw /x]sf] ldlt @)%%.&.!%-gf]e]Dj/ !,!((*_ sf] plNnlvt 3/ jxfn;Demf}tfsf] bkmf $ df /x]sf] k|fjwfg tyfJoj:yfn] s/f/ P]g, @)%^ sf] bkmf @-s_ dfePsf] kl/efÈfcg';f/ sfg"gL dfGotf k|fKtug]{ ePsf]n] pQm ;Demf}tfnfO{ sfg"gadf]lhdsfof{Gjog ug{ ;lsg] ;Demf}tf g} xf] egLdfGotf lbg'kg]{ b]lvof] .

!%= s'g} ;Demf}tfsf] kÔx¿dWo] s'g}Ps kÔn] k"/f ug{'kg]{ bfloTj k"/f u/]sf] 5 jf5}g eGg] cfwf/ s] x'g / k|:t't d'2fsf jfbL /k|ltjfbLaLr @)%%.&.!% -cyf{t\ ! gf]e]Da/!((*_ df ePsf] ;Demf}tfsf] bkmf $ df ul/Psf]Joj:yfcg';f/ ;Demf}tfdf plNnlvt 3/ hUuf

301301301301301

k|ltjfbLaf6 v/Lb u/L lng kfpg] xs l;h{gfx'gsf] nflu k|:t't d'2fsf jfbLn] k"/f ug{'kg]{cfjZos zt{ k"/f u/]sf 5g\ jf 5}gg\ eGg]rf}yf] k|Zgsf] ;DaGwdf ljrf/ ubf{ k|:t't d'2f;"u;DalGwt ;Demf}tf l;h{gf x'+bfsf] jvt sfod/x]sf] s/f/ P]g, @)@# sf] bkmf !)-v_ df /xfnsf] s/f/ P]g, @)%^ sf] bkmf &$ df s/f/LobfloTj k"/f ug]{ ;DaGwdf ul/Psf] Joj:yfdfs]xL km/s 5 jf 5}g / ;Demf}tfdf plNnlvt3/ hUufsf] d"No e'QmfgL u/]kl5 pQm hUufsf]:jfldTj k|fKt ug{ ;f] hUuf /lhi6«]zg kfl/tu/fO{ lng kfpg] s/f/Lo xs k|fKt ug]{ kÔn];Demf}tfcg';f/ hUufsf] d"No k|ltjfbL kÔnfO{e'QmfgL ug]{ bfloTj k"/f u/]sf] 5 eGg] s'/fk|dfl0Ft ug{ s:tf] k|df0F cfjZos x'G5 eGg]k|ZgnfO{ g} d"n?kdf ljj]rgf ug{'kg]{ x'G5 .klxnf] k|Zg cyf{t\ s/f/sf k|To]s kÔn] cfkm"n]sj'n u/]sf] s/f/Lo bfloTj k"/f ug{'kg]{ ;DaGwdfs/f/ P]g, @)@# sf] bkmf !)-!_ / xfn ljBdfgs/f/ P]g, @)%^ sf] bkmf &$ df ul/Psf]Joj:yf ;dfg /x]sf] b]lvG5 . cj pQm bkmf&$ df ul/Psf] Joj:yfsf] cfwf/df 3/ hUufsf]d"No e'QmfgL u/]kl5 ;Demf}tfcg';f/ 3/ hUufh:tf] crn ;DklQ /lhi6«]zg kfl/t u/fO{ lng]xs k|fKt u/]sf] eGg] bfjL lng] kÔn] 3/ hUufsf]d"No e'QmfgL ug]{ bfloTj k"/f u/]sf] 5 eGg] s'/fk|dfl0Ft ug{ / 3/ hUufsf] d"No a'́ fPsf] /l;bekf{O k]z ug{'kg]{ xf] jf 3/ hUufsf] d"No e'QmfgLug]{ cfly{s x}l;ot jf j}+s Jofn]G; b]vfP dfqklg bfloTj k"/f u/]sf] dflgg] xf] eGg] k|Zg klgk|:t't ljjfbdf ;fGbles{ b]lvG5 . k|ltjfbLn];Demf}tfdf plNnlvt 3/ hUufsf] d"No a'l´lngOGsf/ u/L ;Demf}tfcg';f/ 3/ hUuf /lhi6«]zgkfl/t ul/lbg kg]{ s/f/Lo bfloTj pNn+3gu/]sf]n] pQm bfloTj kl/kfngf u/fO{ kfp"m eGg]bfjL lng] kÔn] cfkm\gf] bfloTj k"/f u/]sf] lyof]

eGg] s'/f k|dfl0Ft ug]{ cfwf/ s] x'G5 eGg]tYout k|Zg klg k|:t't ljjfbdf ;fGbles{b]lvG5 . ;Demf}tfdf plNnlvt 3/ hUufsf] d"Noa'́ L lnPsf] t/ 3/ hUuf /lhi6«]zg kfl/t u/LglbPsf]n] 3/ hUufsf] /lhi6«]zg kfl/t u/fO{s/f/Lo bfloTj k"/f u/fO{ kfp"m eGg] kÔn];Demf}tfdf plNnlvt ;Dk"0F{ d"No r'Qmf u/]sf] /k|ltjfbLn] pQm d"No a'́ L lnPsf] e/kfO{ jf/l;b hDdf ug'{ kof{Kt x'G5 . t/ 3/ hUufsf]laqmL d"Nodf ljjfb ePsf] cj:yfdf o:tf] /l;bdfq jfbLn] s/f/Lo bfloTj kfngf u/]sf] 5eGg] s'/fsf] csf6\o k|df0F gx'g ;Qm5 . s/f/dfg} lgljjf{b ?kdf :ki6;"u osLg ePsf] d"Noa'l´lng OGsf/ u/L 3/ hUuf /lhi6«]zg kfl/tu/fO{ lbg'kg]{ bfloTj k|ltjfbLn] k"/f gu/]sf]n]pQm s/f/Lo bfloTj k"/f u/fO{ kfp"m egL bfjLlng] jfbL kÔn] s/f/df g} osLg ePsf] 3/hUufsf] d"No lkm/fb ;fy cbfntdf w/f}6 /fVg'jfx]s bfloTj k"/f u/]sf] ljÈosf] csf]{ k|df0Fx'g ;St}g . 3/ hUufsf] d"No e'QmfgL ug]{ jfbLsf]cfly{s Ôdtf ePsf] jf d"No e'QmfgL ug{ cfjZoskg]{ /sd a}"s vftfdf df}Hbft 5 eGg] s'/fn]dfq bfloTj kl/kfngfsf] k|df0F x'g ;Qm}g .;Demf}tfdf lgwf{l/t 3/ hUufsf] d"No k|ltjfbLn]a'l´lng OGsf/ u/L ;Demf}tfdf plNnlvt 3/hUufsf] /lhi6«]uzg kfl/t u/L glbPsf]n]lghnfO{ 3/ hUufsf] d"No a'́ fO{ ;Demf}tfdfplNnlvt 3/ hUufsf] /lhi6«]zg u/fO{ kfpm+eGg] jfbL bfjL /x]sf] tLy{s'df/L /f0Ff lj=/fdz+s/>]i7 ePsf] plNnlvt d'2fdf lkm/fbL kÔn]hUufsf] d"No lkm/fb ;fy cbfntdf w/f}6/fv]sf]n] jfbLn] ;Demf}tfdf plNnlvt /sd a'́ fO{;Demf}tfcg';f/ lghn] kfngf ug{'kg]{ zt{ k"0F{?kdf kfngf u/]sf] 7x/ u/L k|ltjfbLn];Demf}tfdf plNnlvt hUuf jfbLaf6 /lhi6«]zgkfl/t u/fO{ lng kfpg] egL o; cbfntsf]



302302302302302

j[xt k"0F{ Ohnf;af6 7x/ eO{ -g]sfk @)$(,k[i7 !_ pQm lg0F{o / ;f]df k|ltkflbt l;4fGtxfn;Dd sfod /x]sf] b]lvG5 .

&= k|:t't d'2fsf k'g/fj]bs jfbLn];Demf}tfdf lgZlrÈt ?kdf lgwf{l/t d"No k|ltjfbLkÔnfO{ a'́ fPsf] e/kfO{ k]z ug{ jf ;f] s'/fk|dfl0Ft ug{ g;s]sf] cj:yf Psftkm{ b]lvG5eg] ;Demf}tfdf lglZrt ?kdf lgwf{l/t 3/hUufsf] d"No k|ltjfbLn] a'l´ lng OGsf/L u/]sf]n];Demf}tfcg';f/ a'́ fpg kg]{ d"No lkm/fb;fycbfntdf w/f}6 /fvL cfPsf] b]lvPg . o:tf]cj:yfdf k'g/fj]bs jfbLn] ldlt @)%%.&.!% -gf]e]Dj/ !, !((*_ df ePsf] ;Demf}tfsf] bkmf$ df 3/ hUufsf] d"No egL lgljjf{b ?kdfls6fg ePsf] d"No k|ltjfbLnfO{ a'́ fpg kg]{s/f/Lo bfloTj k"/f u/]sf] b]lvPg . o;/L s/f/LobfloTj k"/f gug]{ jf s/f/ pNn+3g ug]{ kÔn]bkmf *^ cg';f/sf] s/f/sf] oyfjt kl/kfngfsf]cfb]z hf/L ul/kfp"+ egL dfu ug{ kfpg] jfgkfpg] s] xf] eGg] ;DaGwdf pQm P]gsf] bkmf*^-@_-ª_ df s/f/ pNn+3g ug]{ kÔn] s/f/sf]oyfjt kl/kfngfsf] bfjL lng gkfpg] :ki6sfg"gL Joj:yf eP /x]sf] kfOG5 . o;}n];Demf}tfdf plNnlvt 3/ hUuf v/Lb u/L lng]/ pQm 3/ hUufsf] /lhi6«]zg kfl/t u/fO{ lngkfpg] clwsf/ k|fKt ug{sf nflu jfbL kÔn] 3/hUufsf] k"/f d"No r'Qmf ug{'kg]{ eGg] zt{ jfWofTds?kdf kfngf ug{'kg]{ pQm ;Demf}tfsf] bkmf $ dful/Psf] Joj:yfaf6 g} :ki6 b]lvPsf] cj:yfdfpQm k"j{ zt{ kfngf gug]{ kÔn] s/f/ P]g,@)%^ sf] bkmf *^-!_ tyf *^-@_ cg';f/s/f/sf] oyfjt kl/kfngfsf] cfb]z dfu ug{kfpg] cj:yf gx'+bf cbfntaf6 pQm bkmf *^-!_ cg';f/ oyfjt\ kl/kfngfsf] cfb]z hf/Lug{ ;Sg] jf x'g] cj:yf klg b]lvPg . o:tf]cj:yfdf s/f/sf] oyfjt\ kl/kfngf x'g] egL

lhNnf cbfntsf] km};nfnfO{ pN6L ug]{ u/Lk'g/fj]bg cbfnt kf6gaf6 ePsf] km};nfnfO{cGoyf ug{'kg]{ cj:yf b]lvPg .

*= ca k'g/fj]bg cbfntaf6 oLk'g/fj]bs jfbLsf] lkm/fb bfjL vf/]h ug]{ u/LeP u/]sf] lg0F{o ldn]sf] 5 jf 5}g eGg] ;DaGwdfljrf/ ubf{ pk/f]Qm k|s/0Fx¿df ljj]rgful/Pcg';f/ lkm/fb bfjL vf/]h ug]{ ;DaGwdfk'g/fj]bg cbfntn] lnPsf cfwf/ / sf/0Fx¿;+uof] cbfnt ;xdt x'g g;s] klg s/f/ P]g,@)%^ bkmf *^ cg';f/ s/f/sf] oyfjtkl/kfngf ul/kfpm+ eGg] lkm/fb bfjL lng] oLk'g/fj]bs jfbLn] ldlt @)%%.&.!% -gf]e]Dj/!,!((*_ sf] plNnlvt ;Demf}tfsf] bkmf $ dfhUufsf] v/Lb laqmL d"No egL lgwf{/0F ul/Psf]/ o;/L lgwf{/0F ul/Psf] d"Nodf ljjfb g/x]sf]cj:yfdf pQm d"No j/fj/sf] /sd k|ltjfbLnfO{a'́ fO{ cfkm\gf] bfloTj lglj{jfb ?kdf kl/kfngfu/]sf] s'/fsf] s'g} k|df0F k]z u/]sf] cj:yfgb]lv+bf s/f/ P]gsf] bkmf *^ cg';f/ s/f/sf]oyfjt\ kl/kfngf u/fO{ kfpm+ eGg] jfbL bfjLk'Ug g;Sg] 7x/ u/]sf] b]lvPsf] / s/f/ P]g,@)%^ sf] bkmf *^ df ul/Psf] jfWofTds Joj:yf/ OG;fkmsf] /f]xdf pQm lg0F{o ldn]s} b]lvof] .ctM k'g/fj]bg cbfnt kf6gsf] ldlt @)^*.*.&sf] km};nf ;b/ x'g] 7x5{ . k'g/fj]bs jfbLsf]k'g/fj]bg lhsL/ k'Ug ;St}g . bfo/Lsf] nuts6[f u/L ldl;n clen]v zfvfdf a'́ fO{ lbg' .


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