DiFranza et al Unger et alZoe, Jesse, Matt, Syrah

DiFranza et al● SES● Parents● Peers● Genetics- further research ● Advertisements

Design● 681 7th grade students (12-13 years

old)● 7 different schools● Followed over one year ● Information of tobacco use obtained

through confidential interviews with children

● Nicotine dependence was measured from when they first smoked

Aim● Find evidence of correlation between

exposure to tobacco (and nicotine) promotion and overall use by children

Hypothesis● The earlier that kids are exposed to

smoking, the more likely they are to become addicted to it.

Social Implications● Peer pressure to begin smoking● Causes a higher risk of being addicted

to smoking● Socio Economic Status plays a role● Parent’s influence

Psych Implications ● The earlier the age that kids start

smoking at is more dangerous because they will become addicted earlier.

● Children’s brains and how they are developed.

Strengths and Limitations● (-)To what extent do parental influence

and SES play a role in it? ● (-)Children can lie in the interview● (+) Seems to isolate cause and effect

o Complete way of approaching hypothesis

Mnemonic Device K- Keep away from nicotine and cigarettes I- It hurtsD- Death/Don’t start

Unger et al● China● Younger children (middle schoolers)● Why they were influenced to smoke ● Chinese culture and how it promotes

smoking

Design● Surveys were given to middle school

and high school students and their parents

● 6 different cities● The survey was given again a year

later

Aim● Find evidence supporting which

factors influence why young children (in China) begin to smoke

Hypothesis● Cultural factors influence why people

start smokingo Male or Femaleo Ageo Culture

(China vs. Western Nations)

Social Implications● Culturally more accepted in China● Males were more likely than females

tohave smoked in the past 30 days

● Parents have big influence on their kids smoking habits

Psych Implications● Compares Western Nations to China and the

amount of smoking at young ages● Males had a higher number of predictors

(likelihood that they would start smoking) compared to females.

Strengths and Limitations● (-) Did not factor in social situations ● (-) Did not consider the effect of

multiple influences● (+) Outlines a correlation

Mnemonic DeviceU- Underaged smokers was the focus of the studyN- Not only adultsG- Gender; males had a higher risk E- Everyone could be pressuredR- Results showed that smoking was influenced by social situations

Connections (Both Studies)● Bio: Nicotine and the addiction that

affects the body● Cog: Further research- is the brain

altered more as a young child?● Socio: Mainly focuses in on the peer

pressure

Works Cited"Tobacco Promotion and the Initiation of Tobacco Use: Assessing the Evidence for Causality." Pediatrics. Pediatrics, 1 June 2006.

Web. 1 Dec. 2014.

Unger, Jennifer B. "Influences Affecting Adolescent Smoking Behavior in China." Nicotine & Tobacco Research. Nicotine &

Tobacco Research, Apr. 2006. Web. 2 Dec. 2014.

Research, Health Education, Theory &. Practice, Vol.14 No.6 1999, and Pages 751–7. "Attitudes toward Anti-tobacco Policy

among California Youth." Attitudes toward Anti-tobacco Policy among California Youth: Associations with Smoking Status,

Psychosocial Variables and Advocacy Actions 14.6 (n.d.): 751-63. Oxford Journals. Web. 2 Dec. 2014.