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    Syndicate 7

    Bhanu GargGeken EtteRomitaRazdan

    Jitender Singh

    Jitendar YadavAnkit Anand

    The PON

    Story

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    Backhaul is the process of transmitting information to a central point fromwhich it can be distributed over a network.

    Backhaul services allow telecommunications carriers and Internet service providers to aggregate data (such as Internet traffic and phone calls) to a

    centralised location in a town or region, then connect that location toeven bigger sites (hubs).

    Backhaul services: carry traffic in bulk for telecommunications carriers often connect traffic across long distances usually carry traffic on a "point-to-point" basis, without making complex switching

    decisions about where to send the traffic

    BACKHAULBACKHAUL

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    SCALABILITY REQIREMENTS Improved customer scalability IP transport Base stations Base station site interconnect technology

    Resiliency Requirements Stability Predictable low latency data transmission Multi-vendor interoperability Optimized bandwidth plan

    Economic requirements Cost effective Simplified provisioning Automated network monitoring

    RequirementsRequirements

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    BACKHAULBACKHAUL

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    Backhaul in uncoveredBackhaul in uncoveredareasareas

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    Alternative BackhaulAlternative Backhaul

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    There are two types of Optical Networks

    1.Active Optical Network [ AON ]

    2.Passive Optical Network [ PON ]

    PON Standards

    1. APON ATM PON2. BPON BROADBAND PON3. EPON ETHERNET PON4. GPON GIGABIT PON

    TYPES OF OPTICALTYPES OF OPTICALNETWORKSNETWORKS

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    1.IT IS A POINT TO POINT NETWORK STRUCTURETHAT MEANS EACH SUBSCRIBER HAS ITSOWN FIBRE OPTIC LINE.

    2. IT REQUIRES AN EXTERNAL POWER SUPPLY

    PLUS BATTERY FOR EMERGENCY PURPOSES.3. BANDWITH ALLOCATED CAN BE BETWEEN100Mbps TO 1Gbps.

    4. IT LASTS UPTO RANGE OF 70 Km WITHOUT

    REPEATERS.

    ACTIVE OPTICAL NETWORK ACTIVE OPTICAL NETWORK

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    1.IT IS THE LEADING TECHNOLOGY USED IN FTTx

    DEPLOYMENT.2.IT A POINT TO MULTIPOINT [P2MP] TOPOLOGY ANDUSES SINGLE OPTICAL FIBRE TO SERVE MULTIPLEPREMISES USUALLY BETWEEN 32 TO 128.

    3. MAXIMUM RANGE IS UTO 20 Km

    4.IT IS UPTO CUSTOMERS SYSTEM TO DETERMINEWHICH PACKETS ARE FOR THAT PARTICULAR CUSTOMER AND THE REST ARE DISCARDED.

    5.IT HAS TOTAL CAPACITY OF 2.5Gbps.6.IT USES WDM FOR TRANSMITTING DIFFERENT

    WAVELENTHS SIMULTANEOUSLY.

    PASSIVE OPTICAL NETWORK PASSIVE OPTICAL NETWORK

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    CC OMPARISON OF AON Vs PONOMPARISON OF AON Vs PON AON

    1.BANDWIDTH IT HAS AN EDGE BECAUSEOF ITS FLEXIBILITY WITH

    RANGE BETWEEN100Mbps AND 1Gbps.

    2.RISK OFEAVESDROPPING

    DUE TO DEDICATED FIBRENETWORK IT IS NOTPOSSIBLE.

    PON

    IT HAS BANDWIDTH OF78Mbps WITH 1:32SPLITTER AND 39 Mbps

    WITH 1:64 SPLITTER.

    THE DATA IS ENCRYPTEDSTILL IT IS POSSIBLE TODO SO.

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    AON

    3.RELIABILITY OF

    SUBSCRIBER LINE IF CONNECTION IS CUTHERE SEVERAL OPTICSARE INTERRUPTED ANDREQUIRE TO BE REPAIRD.

    4. COST OF NETWORK TOPOLOGY

    HIGH BECAUSE OFGREATER NUMBER OFSUBSCRIBER INTERFACES.

    PON

    IN THIS CASE ONLY ONEOPTICAL FIBRE HAS TO BEMAINTAINED.

    LOW AS ONLY ONE OLT ISSHAREDBY n NUMBER OFSUBSCRIBERS BECAUSE OFPASSIVE SPLITTER USED.

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    AON

    5. SPACE REQUIRED BYCABLE

    HIGH BECAUSE OF POINTTO POINT CONNECTION.

    6.LEVEL OF MAINTENANCE IT IS HIGH BECAUSE ITREQUIRES EXTERNALPOWER SUPPLY PLUSTO SUPPLY EMERGENCYELECTRICITY.

    PON

    LOW BECAUSE A SINGLECABLE CAN BE UTILIZEDFROM 32 UPTO 128SUBSCRIBERS.

    IT IS LOW BECAUSE ITMAKES USE OF PASSIVESPLITTERS.

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    AON

    7 . RANGE IT CAN BE USED UPTORANGE OF 70Km WITHOUTREPEATERS

    8. BACKHAUL A NORMAL AN SUBSCRIBER INTERFACE CAN ALSO BEUSED FOR BACKHAULJOBS.

    PON

    IT CAN BE USED UPTORANGE OF ONLY 20Km.

    A PON INTERFACE BOARDCAN ONLY BE USED FOR BACKHAUL JOBS.

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    AON

    9. TRIPLE PLAY IT PROVIDES ADDITIONALBANDWIDTH RESERVESFOR TRIPLE PLAY.

    10.ADDITIONALSERVICES -IT CAN BE ADOPTED TO SUITFOR INDIVIDUALREQUIREMENTS.

    PON

    THE USUAL BANDWIDTHFOR TRANSMITTING HDTVCHANNELS IS NOTSUFFICIENT.

    THE INFLEXIBLEBANDWIDTH MANAGEMENTIS A PROBLEM.

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    Ethernet is most widely used Local Area Network Protocol.EPON is IEEE 802.3ah standard.EPON uses point to multipoint network topologyFocuses on fiber-to-the-business (FTTB) and fiber-to-the-curb

    (FTTC) solutionsLong term objective - FTTH

    EPONEPONEthernet Passive Optical Network Ethernet Passive Optical Network

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    It Extends the earlier BPONBPON systems are based upon ATM as the bearer protocol.

    Downstream transmission is continuous ATM stream at a bitrate of 155Mbps to 622 Mbps.

    Upstream transmission is in form of burst ATM cells, with arate of 155 Mbps.

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    EPONEPON

    ,upports only one bit rate the symmetrical,upports only one bit rate the symmetrical. / . .25 1 25 Gbps/ . .25 1 25 Gbps

    , . .argeted for the access market i e FTTH, . .argeted for the access market i e FTTH

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    OLT ONT

    Provides the interfacebetween the PONand the serviceproviders networkservices.

    Responsible forallocating upstreambandwidth to theONTs. Because theoptical distribution

    network (ODN) isshared, ONTupstreamtransmissions couldcollide.

    Present on the userside, terminates thePON and also checkswhich data belong towhich node.

    Performs an auto-

    discovery processwhich includesranging and theassignment of bothLogical Link IDs andbandwidth.

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    Access MethodAccess Method

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    Ethernet Frame EPONEthernet Frame EPONFrameFrame

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    EPON DownstreamEPON Downstream

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    TDMA: Allows several user to share same frequency channel by dividing theTDMA: Allows several user to share same frequency channel by dividing thesignal into diff time slots.signal into diff time slots. TDM : digital multiplexing technique for combing several low-rate channelsTDM : digital multiplexing technique for combing several low-rate channelsinto one high rate channelinto one high rate channel TDMA is a type of TDMA is a type of Time-division multiplexingTime-division multiplexing , with the special point that, with the special point thatinstead of having oneinstead of having one transmittertransmitter connected to oneconnected to one receiverreceiver , there are, there aremultiple transmitters.multiple transmitters.

    TDMA TDM

    http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Time-division_multiplexinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Time-division_multiplexinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transmitterhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transmitterhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Receiver_(radio)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Receiver_(radio)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Receiver_(radio)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transmitterhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Time-division_multiplexing
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    It is currently one of the fastest access technologies toattract market interest.

    GPON combines the BW, quality, and reach of fiber optics

    with the service Flexibility of IP to provide a triple playservices over a common infrastructure.

    It is a integral part of a full service broadband architecture,which is designed to meet the needs of full mobile

    convergence and next generation networks acrossresidential and enterprise service offerings

    GPONGPONGigabit Capable Passive Optical Network Gigabit Capable Passive Optical Network

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    OLT

    CentralOffice IP N/Ws

    CATV overlayservices

    Video/Audio over IP services

    Other Networks

    ManagementSystem

    1:32(64) Optical Splitter PON

    ONU

    ONU

    ONUTDM

    TDMA

    Video

    Data

    Voice

    PABX

    Data

    0-20 Km physical reach (60 Km logicalreach supported by protocol)

    2GBTS

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    Current GPON system operate with a bandwidth

    of 2.5 Gbps towards the subscriber(Downstream)and 1.25 Gbps towards the corenetwork(Upstream) on an OLT port

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    GPON uses WDM(wave length division multiplexing) toprovide bi-directional services on a single fiber.

    Downstream service is transmitted between 1480-1500nm, and Upstream bandwidth between 1260-1360nm.

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    GPON is based on the Generic Framing Procedure(GFP)for handling TDM, ATM and ETH based traffic withoutadditional encapsulation protocol.

    This leads to a bandwidth efficiency of up to 93% (inBPON only 70% BW efficiency is reached).

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    No power

    Scalability and FlexibilityBandwidth utilizationSplit ratio 1:32/1:64Can be deployed in many network

    architectureSupports mobile backhaulAllows mobile users to use same fiber

    Reduces the number of cables used.

    AdvantagesAdvantages

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    Comparison

    EPON Vs GPON

    ITU-T GPON IEEE EPON

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    Downstream 2.5 Gbps, 1.25 Gbps 1.25 GbpsUpstream 1.25 Gbps, 622 Mbps 1.25 GbpsSplit Ratio 1:32, 1:64, 1:128 1:32

    Distance 60 Km 20 KmOverall Efficiency92%as a result of: NRZ

    scrambling ( no encoding),Overhead 8%

    51% asa result of:8B/10B encoding(20%) ,Overhead(8%)

    Revenue BW 2.3 Gbps 640 MbpsDownwardWavelength

    1490 & 1550 nm 1550nm

    UpwardWavelength

    1310 nm 1310 nm

    Standards IEEE 802.3ah ITU-T 984 SeriesTransmission ATM, Ethernet, TDM EthernetTDM Support TDM over Native, TDM

    over ATM, TDM over Packet

    TDM over Packet

    Security AES 128 bit Encryption NoneQoS Features Inherent Not Inherent

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    ITU-T GPON IEEE EPON

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    Downstream 2.5 Gbps, 1.25 Gbps 1.25 GbpsUpstream 1.25 Gbps, 622 Mbps 1.25 GbpsSplit Ratio 1:32, 1:64, 1:128 1:32

    Distance 60 Km 20 KmOverall Efficiency92%as a result of: NRZ

    scrambling ( no encoding),Overhead 8%

    51% asa result of:8B/10B encoding(20%) ,Overhead(8%)

    Revenue BW 2.3 Gbps 640 MbpsDownwardWavelength

    1490 & 1550 nm 1550nm

    UpwardWavelength

    1310 nm 1310 nm

    Standards IEEE 802.3ah ITU-T 984 SeriesTransmission ATM, Ethernet, TDM EthernetTDM Support TDM over Native, TDM

    over ATM, TDM over Packet

    TDM over Packet

    Security AES 128 bit Encryption External IPSECQoS Features Inherent Not Inherent

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    Bandwidth UtilizationBandwidth Utilization

    OverallEfficiency 10%TDM, 90% DataEPON 51%GPON92%

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    For both protocolsthe Overhead

    section is onlyrequired in theupstream direction.This facilitates clock

    and data recovery atthe OLT, whichreceives the bursttransmissions from

    the ONTs.

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    In EPON, the LLID essentially designates aparticular ONT. In GPON, the Port IDdesignates not just an ONT but also aparticular service (e.g. VoIP, IPTV, etc.)

    within that ONT. This is profound because even at this lowest

    layer we see that GPON can differentiate,and therefore prioritize, at the lowest layerof the protocol stack, any service within itspayload.

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    PLI (payload length indicator)PTI (payload type indicator).

    PLI field specifies the length of the payload. This is critical for scheduling algorithms,which in turn are critical to QoS.

    The PTI is a 3-bit field used to indicatewhether special handling is required forthe associated payload.

    Another Qos Feature of GPONAnother Qos Feature of GPON

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    FragmentationFragmentation

    In the upper half longer low-priority frame(frame #1 in the figure) causes a smallhigh-priority frame (#2) to be delayed,which causes jitter

    Lower part shows fragmentationwhere the transmission of the low-priority

    frame (#1) is started at the same instant asin the upper figure but its transmission istemporarily halted to allow the high-

    priority frame (#2) to be transmitted.

    Provide high bandwidthefficiency and low latency for

    time-sensitivetraffic.

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    FramingFraming

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    VLAN Tags for QoSVLAN Tags for QoS

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    GPONs significant cost advantage

    GPON offers up to a 2.6:1 OLT advantage

    Advantage Advantage GPON !!!GPON !!!

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    Gigabit PON -> greater bandwidth and

    functionality

    Ethernet PON -> benefits from maturity.

    The ubiquity of Ethernet tends to favour EPON in

    the long run

    "GPON has the backing of some of the largest

    carriers in the world," - Steve Kemp, senior

    director, Alcatel

    GPON VS EPONGPON VS EPONEverything except TechnologyEverything except Technology

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    Established carriers need to terminate theirlegacy traffic

    The crux of the GPON versus EPON debate is all

    about timing

    GPON VS EPONGPON VS EPONEverything except TechnologyEverything except Technology

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    Reference:- Computer Networks, Andrew S. Tannenbaum

    GPON EPON

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    Established carriers need to terminate their legacytraffic

    The crux of the GPON versus EPON debate is all about

    timing

    The choice of PON will be resolved based on which

    technology best meets their fundamental quest

    "What these people want is to make money and

    increase ARPU. It is very hard to beat Ethernet."

    GPON vs. EPONGPON vs. EPONEverything except TechnologyEverything except Technology

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    PON vs. DSLPON vs. DSL

    PON DSL

    New installation of fiber, can beexpensive

    Offers more bandwidthat longer distances

    Shares bandwidthamong active users

    Digital TV as well asIPTV

    Encrypts all packets

    Already installedcopper wiresLess bandwidth, at

    lower rangeNo sharing of

    bandwidthOnly IPTVEncryption not

    required

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    PON + DSL (VDSL)FTTHFTTBFTTN

    PON vs with DSLPON vs with DSL

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    PON vs. SONETPON vs. SONET

    PON SONET

    No active elementCost effective solutionas a shorthaulcollector loop

    Low initial costAsymmetricBroadcast OC-12(622

    Mbps) and accessOC-3(155Mbps)upstream

    More fault tolerant

    Active optical networkSONET rings optimizedfor longhaul and MANinfra

    Requires installation of

    all nodes upfrontSymmetrical.OC-12 SONET link all

    the line cards musthave an OC-12

    interface

    N C titi !!!!!N C titi !!!!!

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    PON does not compete with SONETCan use SONET compatible interfacesPON can serve as a feeder

    No Competition !!!!!No Competition !!!!!

    C lid dC lid t d PONPON

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    PON with SONETPON with VDSLPON with DOCSIS

    Consolidated Consolidated PONPON Advantage Advantage ALLALL

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    BUTBUTThats not theThats not the

    entire story entire story

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    PON vs ACTIVE ETHERNETPON vs ACTIVE ETHERNET

    Advantage PON Disadvantage PON

    Initial installation cost Reach limited bydistanceScalabilityBandwidth

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    PON deployments - constant evaluation of acomplex set of tradeoffs and compromises

    Less than 32 subscribers within an ONU

    serving radius ,the CPS is high

    More than 32 subscribers within an ONUserving radius , second OLT port must bedeployed, resulting ina high CPS

    CPS : The imp.CPS : The imp. figurefigure

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    Customer requires service outside an existingONU serving radius, a new OLT port must bedeployed, resulting in high CPS

    If customers outside the 20-km OLT servingarea require service, a new OLT must bedeployed, resulting in higher CPS

    Deploying PON with lower split ratios results inmore available bandwidth , but increasesthe cost-basis , of the solution as the OLT portis shared among fewer ONUs.

    CPS : The imp.CPS : The imp. figurefigure

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    Capital expenses coincident with subscriberacquisition.

    Powered sites in an active network greater than a

    passive network deployment, but by

    Cost Compensation

    Active EthernetActive Ethernet

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    Why Why ACTIVE ETHERNET ?ACTIVE ETHERNET ?

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    FFTXFFTX(FTTH/B,VDSL,FTTLA)(FTTH/B,VDSL,FTTLA)

    Market RealitiesMarket RealitiesIDATE predicts 140 million subscribers by2014

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    Dec2008, 48 million subscriber world wideAsia pacific region(Japan & Korea) 22.7million

    United states- 16%

    Europe -5%61% of the Architecture is on FTTH/B20 years time frame before profit realization

    starts

    EPON in Asia/Pacific regionGPON in Europe and North America

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    Japan with 13.1 million subscriber has thelargest number of ultra-high-speed Internetusers in the world(10.30% penetration)

    South Korea with 6million subscriber has

    12.40% penetrationAmerica, with an annual growth rate of 90%is the fastest growing FTTH/B market in theworld

    In Europe smaller scandinavian countriesare leading in FTTH

    In England it is 0%.......?????

    FTTH penetration in EuropeFTTH penetration in Europe

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    FTTH penetration in EuropeFTTH penetration in Europe June 2009 June 2009

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    BSNL inks FTTH deal with Sterlite , In a dealworth INR3.72 billion (USD77 million) Sterlitewill deploy Gigabit Passive Optical Network (GPON ) technology

    BSNL chairman and MD Kuldeep Goyal also said

    that the telco expects that up to 5% of allIndian households could have access to FTTHservices by 2011, with IPTV acting as one of the key drivers for uptake

    the upcoming Passive Optical Networking (PON)equipment market in India was a US$ 5.6market in 2008 with a growth rate of awhopping 2800 % over 2007

    Currently India's share of the total APEJ

    http://www.c114.net/keyword/GPONhttp://www.c114.net/keyword/GPON
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    Currently India's share of the total APEJ(Asia Pacific excluding Japan) market is6.6 percent and is expected to grow at aCAGR of 99.2 % over the period 2007-2013.

    In India, Freescale Semiconductor haslaunched the industry's first voice-enabledGPON. The company, along with Alcatel-Lucent, is facilitating the adoption of FTTHtechnologies by availing jointly developedGPON technology

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    ChallengesChallenges

    Reduction in development costIncrease the penetration levelLong time span before the benefit can be

    reapedMost importantly, demand for the

    technology

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    EPON vs. GPON ???????No clear winnerStandards still in development modeNGN PON talks about consolidationOne thing for sure..

    The End StoryThe End Story

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    THANK YOUTHANK YOU