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ISSN: 0259-210X

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PeKBH3MThi ny6JinKau;nn no KaTaJiory EH6JinoTeKH KoHrpecca CiliA:

Mudahar, Mohinder S. Kyrgyz Republic: strategy for rural growth and poverty alleviation I Mohinder S. Mudahar.

p. em. -(World Bank discussion paper ; 394) Includes bibliographical references (p. ). ISBN 0-8213-4326-2 1. Agriculture and state- Kyrgyzstan 2. Agriculture-Economic aspects- Kyrgyzstan. 3. Kyrgyzstan-Rural conditions. I. Title. II. Series: World Bank discussion papers ;394. HD2065.24.Z8M83 1988 338.1 '.85843-dc21 98-42156

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vi

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xii

ro~

1993

1994

1995

1996

1997

19981

1 C 1 .snmapH no 6 HIOHH 1998 r.

BAJIIOTHbiE 3KBMBAJIEHTbl

(nocJie 10 MaH 1993 r.)

AeHeXHaH eAHHHI.J;a - COM 1coM 100ThlHHH

06MEHHbiR: KYPC

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Cpe,z:u~uii ~cypc 3a nepHOA

5.04

10.84

10.82

12.80

17.39

18.24

xiii

Kypc ua Koueu; nepnoA

8.04

10.60

11.15

16.90

17.38

19.87

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COKp~u.u;eHH5I 6e,n;HOCTH. fipaBMTeJibCTBO npe,n;ycMaTpMBaeT 6onee aKTHBHO KOOp,LJ;MHHpOBaTb

npe,LJ;OCTaBJI5IeM)'ID ,li;OHOpaMH TIOMOlll;b, B TOM qMCJie o6yqeHMe, TeXHMqeCKYlQ TIOMOI.l.(b H

MHBeCTMI.(HH.

MHcT.HTyl.(HOHaJII>Hoe pa3BHTMe npe,n;cTaBJIHeT co6oi1: Me,n;neHHbiH M crroXHMH npou;ecc

,n;axe npM HOPMaJibHbiX o6cTO.HTeJII>CTBax. TipMBO,LJ;MMbie B Kbiprbi3CKO:it Pecny6JIHKe

pa,n;MKaJihHI>Ie pe<j)opMbi arpapHoro ceKTopa, )KH3HeHHo Ba)KHI>Ie ,n;JIH ycneWHoro nepexo,n;a K

pMHO'IHOH 3KOHOMMKe, ,n;enaroT npo:u;ecc elll;e 6onee TPY,li;HbiM. MMpoBo:H oni>IT noKa3biBaeT, 'ITO

:rocy;J;apCTBeHHMe HHBeCTHI.(HM B CJie,n;yiDlli;He qeTbipe c¢epbi HMeiOT BbiCOKYJO OT,n;aqy B

,l!;OJII"OCpO'IHOM TIJiaHe: C03,LJ;aHHe Heo6XO,LJ;HMOH HOpMaTMBHo-npaBOBOH 6a3bl ,LJ;JIH qacTHOH

C06CTBeHHOCTH .H pLIHO'IHOH 3KOHOM.HKH; JIHKBH,ll;al.(H5I HJIH npeo6pa30BaHMe HHCTMTYTOB

KOM~UI,ll;HOH 3KOHOM.HKH; C03,D;aHHe HOBbiX HHCTHT}'TOB ,LJ;JI.H o6cJiyXGI:BaHM5I qacTHOI'O CeJII>CKOI'O

X03.H:WCTBa H pbiHO'IHOH 3KOHOM.HKH; H TIO,LJ;I'OTOBKa H nepeTIO,LJ;fOTOBKa Ka,n;poB H TeXHMqecKaH

ITOMO~ COTpy,li;HMKaM, 3aHHMaiOll.I;HMC.H tPOPMYJIMpOBaHJ.IeM H TipOBe,LJ;eHMeM TIOJIMTHKH H

peaJIM3a:u;Helt HHBecT.Hl.(MOHHbiX npoeKTOB. TaKHM o6pa3oM, TipaBHTeJibCTBY crre,n;yeT y,n;emiTb

MHCTHTyi(HOHaJibHOM)' pa3BHTHIO npMOpHTeTHOe BHMMaHMe.

13

Yxe ~ocTHrH)'Thl c~ecTBeHHhle pe3yJI»TaThi B qeThlpex rrepeqHcJieHHI>IX c4>epax

HHCTHTYIJ;HOHaJII.HOTO pa3BHTHH, H orrpe~eJieHI.I Ha,ll;JieXal.l{He pOJIH ,ll;JIH rocy.n;apCTBeHHOfO H

qacTHoro ceKTopoB. TeM He MeHee, Ha rrpaKTHKe pe3yJII.TaThl ew;e He B~Hhl. PyKoBo.n;cTBO

K:biprhi3CKOH Pecrry6miKH rrpe.n;npHHHJIO cMeJI»Ie marH no pa3pa60TKe, co3.n;aHHIO H YKPerrneHHIO

HHCTHTYTOB no 06CJIY)KHBaHHIO qacTHOfO ceJibCKOTO X03HifcTBa H fOTOBO ,ll;BHfaTI.CH Bnepe~,

'IT06hl 3aBeplliHTh nepexo.n; K npO.n;yKTHBHOMy, npM6hlJihHOMY M CTa6MJII.HOMY

CeJibCKOX03HHCTBeHHOMY CeKTOpy, npHcnoco6JieHHOMY K ycJIOBMHM cPOPMMpyrow;eifcH MMpOBOH

3KOHOMMKH. ,lJ;oHophi no.n;.n;ep)l(aJIJf rrpo:u;ecc MHCTMTYI.J;MOHaJibHOfO pa3BMTMH, O,ll;HaKo ,ll;JIH

pemeHHH CJIO)I(HbiX npo6JieM arpapHOfO pa3BMTHH H COKpaw;eHMH 6e.n;HOCTM CeJibCKOTO

HaceneHHH TaKaH no.n;.n;epXKa Tpe6yeT .n;ani>Heifmero yKpenneHMH H ynyqmeHMH

KOOp,ll;MHHpOBaHMH ~eHCTBMH.

Yxpen.neHHe Hnrj;opMaL(HOHHoii 6a3M

0.n;HMM M3 OCHOBHhlX c.n;ep)Kl{BaiOll.I;MX cl>aKTopOB B cPOPMYJIMpoBaHMH •

CeJibCKOX03HHCTBeHHOH noJIMTMKH HBJIHeTCH .n;ecPMIJ;MT CTaTMCTM'IeCKHX ,ll;aHHhiX, 3KOHOMH'IeCKOH

MHcl>opMaiJ;MM H amUIMTM'IecKMX Mccne.n;oBaHMH. CMcTeMa ynpaBJieHMH MHcl>opMan;Me:H HBJIHeTcH

KpMTM'IeCKH Ba)I(HOH ,ll;JIH CBOeBpeMeHHOTO npMHHTMH Mep no pellieHMIO BonpoCOB

cTpaTerM'IecKoif noJIMTMKH. Han;cTaTKoM, Han;MoHanbHhlH cTaTMCTM'leCKHH KOMMTeT, oTBeqaeT 3a

c6op, o6pa6oTKY H pacnpocTpaHeHMe MHcl>opMaiJ;MM o ceJibCKOX03HHCTBeHHOM ceKTope. BBH.ZJ;Y

nepexo.n;a K pbiHO'IHOH 3KOHOMMKe pa.n;MKaJibHO M3MeHMJIMCb cnpoc H Tpe6oBaHMH K

MHcPOpMaiJ;MM, MCTO'IHMKH .n;aHHbiX H Heo6XO,ll;MMOCTh MX onepaTMBHOfO pacnpocTpaHeHMH,

o.n;HaKo Han;cTaTKoM ew;e He roToB K pemeHMIO 3Toif cJio)I(HoH 3a.ZJ;a'IM. YKpeiTJieHMe

Han;cTaTKOMa 11 ero npeo6pa3oBaHMe B opraHM3aiJ;MIO, OTBe'!arow;yro phlHO'IHhiM ycnoBHHM,

noTpe6yeT ero peopraHM3aiJ;MM H BBe.n;eHMH COBpeMeHHbiX CTaTMCTM'IeCKMX MeTO,ll;OB Bhl60pKH

.n;aHHI>IX H coBpeMeHHhiX cpe.n;cTB MX o6pa6oTKH H CHCTeMbi ynpaBJieHHH MHcl>opMan;ne:H. TaKXe

Heo6XO,li;MMO npoBeCTM no,n;roTOBKY Ka,n;poB H oKa3aTb TeXHM'IeCKYIO nOMOll.l;b. ,lJ;oHOphl MOryT

ChirpaTh BaXHYJO poJih B no,n;,n;epXKe 3Toro npou;ecca npeo6pa3oBaHHH Han;cTaTKOMa B

opraHM3aiJ;MIO, cnoco6Hyro y,n;oBJieTBOpHTh MHcPOpMaiJ;MOHHhlH cnpoc nOJIMTM'IeCKMX ,n;eHTeJieH,

Mccne,n;oBaTene:H, cl>epMepoB, ToproBhiX CTPYKTYP H npe,n;npMHTMH B HOBhlX ycnoBHHX phiHO'IHOH

3KOHOMMKM.

PEAJUI3AUI111 CTPATEfl111 PA3BI1TI111 CEJibCKOti 3KOHOMI1KI1

Po.nh npaBHTe.nhCTBa

OcHoBHaH OTBeTCTBeHHOCTh 3a 3cl>cl>eKTMBHoe H cBoeBpeMeHHoe oc~eCTBJieHMe npe,n;JiaraeMOH CTpaTerMM B 06JiaCTM arpapHOTO pa3BMTMH B03JIO)I(eHa Ha pecny6JIHKaHCKOe

npaBMTeJibCTBO H 06JiaCTHhle a,n;MMHMCTpaiJ;MM. IlpaBMTeJibCTBO CJiy)KJIT MHMIJ;MaTOpOM

nOJIMTM'IeCKMX pecl>opM, o6ecne'IMBaeT 6IO,n;)l(eTHOe cPMHaHCMpoBaHMe M BBO,li;MT B ,n;eHCTBMe

HOpMaTMBHO-npaBOBbie aKTbl. MMHMCTepCTBO CeJibCKOfO X03HHCTBa M BO,li;HhiX pecypCOB npM

IIO.n;.ZJ;epXKe ,n;pyrMX rocy~apcTBeHHhiX CTpYJcrYP H 06JiaCTHhiX a,ll;MMHMCTpaiJ;Hif HeceT o6w;yro

OTBeTCTBeHHOCTh 3a cPOPMYJIJIPOBaHMe CTpaTefMH arpapHOTO pa3BMTMH, BKJIJO'IaH pa3pa60TKY H

rrpoBe,n;eHMe CeJibCKOX03HHCTBeHHOH noJIMTHKH H 3aKOHO,ll;aTeJibCTBa, o6ecneqeHMe

MHcPOpMai.J;MOHHhiX H BCnOMOraTeJibHhiX YCJIYf ,li;JIH CeJibCKOfO X03HHCTBa, pa3BMTMe

rocy,n;apcTBeHHOH HHcPpaCTYKTYPhl H npoBe,n;eHMe ,n;eHTeJibHOCTM no C03,ll;aHM10 o6w;ecTBeHHOTO

6Jiara, HanpHMep, CeJibCKOX03HHCTBeHHbie MCCJie,n;oBaHMH H pa3pa60TKH. IlpaBMTeJibCTBy

14

CJie,!zyeT OCTaBHTb peweHHe BOIIpOCOB ceJibCKOX03HHCTBeHHOrO IlpOH3BO,li;CTBa H C6biTa 3a

cl>epMepaMH, TOprOBbiMH cy6'beKTaMH H rrpe,D;rrpHHHMaTeJIHMH.

HenpaBHTe.HbCTBeJillMe opraHH3BJUIH

HerrpaBHTCJII>CTBCHHbie opraHH3a~HH (HITpO) H .n;pyrue opraHH3a~HH rpa)K,ll;aHcKoro

o6~CCTBa H tiaCTHOrO CCKTOpa ,li;OJDKHbi IIOCTOHHHO y6ex,naTbCH B TOM, 'ITO COrJiaCOBaHHaH

CTPaTerHH arpapHoro pa3BHTHH peaJIH3yeTcH Ha MecTax; crrpaBe,n;JIHBO pacrrpe,n;eJIHIOTCH

H3,ll;Cp)Kl(H H BbirO,ll;bi; HCIIOJib30BaHHC H yrrpaBJICHHC IlpHpO,ll;HbiMH pecypcaMH HOCHT

YCTOH'IHBbiH xapaKTep; rrpe,ll;CTaBJICHbl BCe 3aHHTepeCOBaHHbiC opraHH3a~HH H rpyrrllbi

HaceJICHHH, HallpHMep, XCHCKOC HaCCJICHHe; H CTPaTernH BbiiiOJIHHCTCH B ,ll;C~CHTPaJIH30BaHHOM

IIOpH,ll(KC IlpH IIOJIHOM yqaCTHH MCCTHbiX opraHOB yrrpaBJICHHH H pa3JIH'IHbiX 3aHHTepeCOBaHHbiX

rpyrrn. Hl1p0 TaKXe CJIC,IzyCT IIOpyiJHTb OTBCTCTBCHHOCTb 3a BbiiiOJIHCHHC OT,ll;CJibHbiX IIHJIOTHbiX

IlpOCKTOB. IlpaBHTCJibCTBY CJIC,IzyCT BbiHCHHTb HX MHCHHC H OKa3biBaTb IIOMCPXKY HX aKTHBHOMY

yqacTHIO B peaJIH3a~HH CTPaTernH.

/(OHOpM

Me)K,ll;yHapO,lJ;HbiC ,li;OHOpbi MOryT BHCCTH BKJia,ll; B arpapHOC pa3BHTHC IIYTCM o6eCIIC'ICHIDI

HHaHCOBbiX pecypCOB H HC3aBHCHMOro 3KCIIepTHOrO MHCHHH, 'ITO IIOMOXCT H36exaTb OWH60K

IlpH ])a3pa60TKC HJIH peaJIH3a~HH CTpaTCrHH arpapHoro pa3BHTHH. 0WH6KH MOryT ,n;oporo

060HTHCb H3-3a IIOTCpH cpe,ll;CTB H BpeMeHH, HO, liTO e~e 6oJiee BaXHO YTPaTbi ,n;o6poit BOJIH H

no.n;.n;ep)Kl(H peq,opMbi ceJibCKHM HaceJieHHeM. He rrepexo,n;HoM 3Tarre .n;oHopbi o6ecrre'IHBaiOT

TCXHH"'!CCK}'IO IIOMO~, o6yqeHHC H cPHHaHCOBbiC cpe,n;cTBa. B 6y~eM OHH ,ll;OIDKHbl

IlpO,ll;OJIXaTb BbiiiOJIHHTb CBOIO pOJib B IIpHOpHTeTHbiX CcPCpax, IlpC,!zyCMaTPHBaiO~ pOCT

CCJibCKOro X03HHCTBa, COKpa~CHHC 6e,n;HOCTH ceJibCKOro HaCeJICHHH H yrrpaBJieHHC IlpHpO,ll;HbiMH

pecypcaMH.

15

TaonHQa 1.1: Teu.neuo;HH cenbcKOX03HHCTBeuuoro npoH3BO.lJ.CTBa H ceJibCKOH 3KOHOMHKil'l ua

nepexo,lJ,HoM 3Tane

Ha11ano npou.ecca Te~eymue

peciM>pM TioKuaTe.mb 110Klll38Te.JIH lbMell!leHID!I

(1990/91) (1996/97) B ll(iOI!\el!!!TaX

BK.Jia,n; ceJILcKoro xo3. :s BBTI (%) 32 47 47 3aiDITOcTh Hace.Jiemm B cem.xol. ceKrope (%) 33 49 48

llpo,D;yKThi mrra.mm B ceMeiiHoM 6ro,li;)KeTe (%) 30 57 90

Ko.JIX03H/coBX03H (<mc.Jio) 504 54 -89 qaCTHHe X03. {tmC.JIO) 0 31,078 fialiiiDI B 'laCTHHX X03. (%) 0 39

ll.Jioma,zJ;H no,n; mneHm.J;eii B o6rn;HX noceBHHX 15 46 207 IDIOI.IWJ;eH B (%) fi.JIO~ TIO,ll; KOpMOBHMH B o6I.U;HX llOCeBH. 50 25 -50 nn:oma.n;ax (%)

,lloiDI noceBHHX n.Jioma,n;e.H (%)

KpynHHe cem.xo3npe,n;npiDITIDI 96 44 -54

llpH)'ca.n;e6HHe yqacTKK 4 13 225 qaCTHHe X03HHCTBa 0 43

Pacre:m~eBo,n;crno (Thlc. TOHH)

3epHOBHe 1,573 1,329 -16 llmemm;a 482 964 100

HTIMem. 592 166 -72 KYKYPYJa 406 182 -55 CaxapH. c:seK.Jia 2 190 Y:se.JI. B 94 pa3a

XrronoK 81 73 -10 Ta6aK 54 18 -67 Kapro<l>eJTh 365 562 54 0BO:m;H 487 368 -24

Ypoxa:H:Hocn> nmeHm.J;H (T/ra) 2.5 2.1 -16

)];oiDI opomaeMHX n.Jioma,n;e.H B noceBHHX 80 80 HeH3MeH. TI.JIOUWI;HX (%) Mcnom.Jo:samm y,n;o6pemm B (THe. TOHH) 490 16 -97

16

Ha'laJio npon.ecca pe4JopM

fiOUlaTeJU> TeKy~m~e H3Meeeeu DOKUaTeJii!l

(1990/91) (1996/97) B npon.eeTax

flpOH3BO)];CTBO npO,lzyKTOB :lKBBOTHOBO,li;CTBa (B

ThiC .TOHH)

Monmw 1,185 882 -26 51Ftlla (MJm. IDTYK) 714 160 -78 MJico (B y6oimo:H Macce) 254 180 -29 lliepcn. 39 12 -69

fO)l;OBOH Ha,ll;OH MOJIOKa (Kr/O,li;Ha KOpoBa) 2,438 1,933 -21

floroJIOBLe CKOTa (ThiC. rDJIOB)

Kpymrr,rH poran.rit CKOT 1,214 848 -30 KopoJBu 507 460 -9 C:BmlllbH 445 88 -80 O:mu>~ H K03M 10,483 3,715 -65 Tinru;a 15,207 2,122 -86

flpOH3BO)];CTBO TipO,lzyKTOB IIHTaHIDI (ThiC

TOHH)

M,qcH~>Ie npo.nyKTiil 114 4 -96 XJJre6 H XJie6o6yJio'IH. HJ,n;eJIIDI 244 70 -71 MoJioKo H MOJIO'IHI>Ie npo,ll;yKT.hi 258 9 -97 Pacrnrem>Hoe MacJio 14 3 -79 ca.xap 380 167 -56

)];oml! CeJThCKOro X03HHCTBa H TIHII(eBOH npoMhliiiJieHHOCTH B

o6m;eM (%) 3Kcnopre 20 38 90 !fl.iffiOp're 17 23 35

1. B 1996 r. o6mru~ 'IHCJieHHOCTh Ha.CeJieHIDI cocTaRIDU!a 4,6 MJIH.(65% ceJibCKoe HaceJieHHe), BBTI Ha.zzyrny HaceJieHHll 550 )lOJTJI. CmA.

2. 06IUall WIOIUa)lb 3eMeJibHbiX YfO.llHil: 20 MJIH. ra, H3 KOTOpbiX 10,78 MJIH. ra CeJibX03Yf0.1lHJ:I:, H3 HHX 9,1 MJIH. ra nacT6Hma(85%), 1,4 MJIH. ra o6pa6aTblllaeMbie c.x. yro)lbll (13%). 06pa6aThiBaeM~>Ie c.x. YfO.llbll BKmoqaroT nannoo (83%), ;zyra(12%) H Ca)lbl (5%).

3. B 1996 r. OCHOBHbiMH 3KCIIOpTHbiMH C.X. TOBapaMH 6biJIH caxap-pa(jJHHa)l, XJJOIIOK, 3THJIOBbiJ:I: CIIHpT, illlcypbl H TafiaK. 0CHOBHbiMH IIpe)lMeTaMH C.X. HMIIOpTa 6biJIH Hepa<fJHHHpOBaHHbiJ:I: caxap, MOJiaCHC, IIilleHHUa H IIilleHH'IHall MYJG!, fMC (6eH3HH H )lH3eJibHOe TOWIHBO) H yno6peHHll.

4. B 1996 f. COKpa1W!aCb )lOJill )IQIBOTHOBO.llCTBa B C.X. IIpOH3BO)lCTBe H COCTaBHJia 40%. HCTO'IIID![K: HaJJ;HOHaJibm.Iil: CTaTHCTH'IecKHJ:I: KOMHTeT KDipfbi3CKolt Pecny6JIHKH.

17

Bon poe

1. MuposKoaoMII'Iecne YC:JIOBII.II ,li,IUB pUBIITII.II

ceJIJ.eKOro XOl.IIBCTU

A. UeHH/cy6c:I!I,IUm

Jla6epaJIH30B!ll!IM JIMBKB, D,ellb'l II

TOJII'OBMH peJKHM, O)UIIlKO OCT!UOTCJII

aapymeau aa Menax. Hn EOIIKypeHTIIWX Ull IIHTel'piiJlOitlliiHWX

Jlb'IBO"!!HYX CTPYKTYP·

OTMeHeHo peryJIHponaHHe :u;eH c.x.

TipOH3BO,IUITeJieH H TIOTpe6H:TeJie:if.

HcKJIIO'IeHHe cocTaBIDIIOT :u;eHI>I Ha

OpOCHTe.lThHYJO BO,ll;y, ::meKTpH'IeCTBO H

xen.e3HO,ll;opo)KHI:.Ie TapHcphl.

OTMeHeHH cy6cH,li;HH ,li;IDI c.x.

TipOH3BO,li;HTeJie:if H TIOTpe6HTeJie:if.

HcKJIIO'IeHHe cocTaBIDIIOT y,ll;aJieHHI:.Ie

pa:ifoHI:.I H OT,ll;em.HI:.Ie cpe,li;CTBa c.x.

npOH3BO,li;CTBa.

He,ll;ocTaro'IHaH pa3BHTOCTh H

He3cp<PeKTHBHOCTh CHCTeMhl COll(Ha.lThHOH

JaiD;H'Thi Ha ceJie.

flpO,li;OJDKaeTCH cy6CH,li;HpOBaHHe

OpOCHTe.JII>HOH BO,li;H ,li;IDI ce.JThCKOI'O

X03HHCTBa.

ll;em.I Ha 6om.nrn:HCTBO BH,li;OB C.X.

TipO,ll;yKTOB HIDKe MHpOBI:.IX B OTJIH'I.He OT

n;eH Ha Cpe,li;CTBa C.X. llpOH3BO,li;CTBa,

HaXO,li;HW;HXCH Ha ypOBHe HJIH BI:.Illle

MHpOBhlX.

CJia6o pa6ontiOT pi:.IHKH cpe,ll;cTB c.x.

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Hepa3BHTOCTH HHpaCTpYKTYPhl,

HHCTHTYIJ;HOHa.JThHOH H

HHOpMa:u;HOHHOH 6a3J:.I

18

llpe)l!.Jllar~eMihlHe MepM /

~~

JlHKBH,li;IIJlO!SllTll> OCT!Uilimlllf:il:.lil

HCKt~JKemiU plld!!!!KOB9 D,tell!!, TOp!roBOII'O

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C03,ll;ll Tb 3~~KTHIIUIO ~YBKD,ll!lOIU'l:pyroun;e 9 KOl!I!Kypteim'll'BYe Iii

HI!ITerpepOBlUlllll!Ye )l)Ylli:Klli cpe,laCTB

C.X. I!IIJIOH3BO,laCTB!l II C.X. li]J»OJ!YKTOB.

nHKBH,li;HpOBaTh BMCillaTeJThCTBO B

cl>YHK:u;HOHHpOBaHHe pLIHKOB Ha

Mecmx.

,l(Jm TIOBhlllieHHH 3cpcl>eKTHBHOCTH

cy6CH,li;HH H COKpam:eHHH

6ro,!OKeTHNX pacxo,ll\OB nocreneHHo

oTMeHHTh HJIH o6ecne'!HTh HX

npanHm.Hoe ueJieBoe

HCTIO.JI1>30BaHHe.

YJiy'W.IHTh :u;eJieByro

HanpaBJieHHocn. H o6ecneqeHH:e

co:u;Ham.HJ:.IX yceyr ,li;JIH 6e,li;HYX

rpynn cem.cKoro HaceJieHIDI, B

oco6eHHocm B y,ll;aJieHHMX pa:iioHax.

floBMCHTh TIJJ:aTy 3a OpOCHTe.lThHYJO

BO,ll;y c uem.ro y:seJIH'leHHH

KOMTieHCaiJ;l·IH H3,!1;epXeK HJIH

nepe,!l;aTh nom.3o:san:.lUI:M

OTBeTCTBeHHOCTh 3a CO,ll;ep)Kl!.HHe H

peMOHT.

lloBI:.ICHTh TapHcphl Ha

3JieKTpHqeCTBO B I.J;eiDIX llOBblllleHHH

KOMlleHCai.J;HH 3KCTIJIYaTall(HOHHMX

H3,!1;epXeK H COKparn;eHHH

3KOHOMHqecmx norepi>.

Co3,1llaTh KOHKypeHTin.Ie pLIHKH c.x.

Cpe,li;CTII TipOH3BO,ll\CTBa H

npO,li;)IKTOB, o6parn;aH OCHOBHOe

BHHMaHHe Ha HH<PpaCTp)IKTYPY,

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&npoc C'l!'IIIT)'C pe~pM llpe)l!)laraeMbile Mephil

B ocHOBHOM m6epa.JIH3o:saH roproBMH JlHKBH,.li;HpOBaTb HeH~e

peXHM, O,lUiaKO OCTaiDTCH HeTap:H<flHMe 6a.pl>ephl Ha nyTI![ K

MHOI'O'DICJieHHl>Ie HeTapHHMe 6apbephl CB060)],HOH roproBJie.

Ha nym K cBo6o,IU~o:H roproBJie.

Pecny6JmKa B npon;ecce BCTYJIJieHHH B 3a:sepiiiHTI> BCTYfiJieHHe B BTO BTO.

B. Topro:saH noJIHmKa Pecny6Jm:Ka - 'IJieH TaMoxeHHoro Coro3a B :u;eiDIX Crn.MYJmponaHIDI

(PocciDI, EenapycL, Ka3axcnH, cno6o,D;Hoii: roproBJIH cTpaH-<meHoB

KHpl1iillcKaH Pecny6nmca), O)],HaKo coroJ aKTHBH3HpOBaTb pa6ozy

He .neii:cTByeT. TaMoxeHHoro Coxna.

C 1 HHBapH 1997 I'. BBe.IJ;eH e)],HHhlH Exero,IU~o npono.n;HTI> nepeon;e:mcy I-I

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19

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20

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21

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23

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26

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XapaKTepH3yen~H Cl'paTenui pacTa CeJibCKOM 3KOHOMHKH H COKpax.u;eHIDI 6e,D;HOCTH.

29

fJIABA II

CEJihCKOX03.HWCTBEHHMI PE<l>OPMA M OTPACJIEBhiE TIOKA3ATEJIM

MAKP03KOHOMH'IECKMI PE())OPMA

Khlpm3cKaH Pecrry6JIHKa JJ;o6HJiaci> cyn.J;eCTBeHHbiX pe3yJII>TaTOB B aKTHBHOM

npoBeJJ;eHHH pe<J?opM no .n;ocTIDKemuo MaJCP03KOHOMHqecKo:ti: cTa6HJII>HOCTM (eM Ta6n.A 2.1).

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10,4 npo:u;eHTOB B 1997 r. llpoH3BO,ll;CTBO 30JIOTa Ha KyMTopcKOM

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Ill fo,LJ;OBaH HHcPJIHIJ;HH COKpaTHJiaCI> C 1210 npo:u;eHTOB B 1993 f. ,ll;O 35 npo:u;eHTOB H ,ll;O

14,7 npo:u;eHTOB B 1997 f.

• B 1997 r. 6ro.n;xeTHI>I:ti: .n;e<Jmu;HT coKpaTMJICH .n;o 9,4 rrpol(eHTOB BBII, TeM He MeHee,

OH Bee ell..(e B TPH pa3a npeBI>nrraeT Tpexrrpol(eHTHI>IH l(eJieBoti: noKa3aTeJII> MB Ha

1997 r.

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30

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31

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cpaKTWieCKH OTMeHeHDI, HO OCTaiOTCH BlbiCOKHMM KOCBeHHI>Ie cy6CM)];HH, KOTOphle OTpaXaiDTCH B

n;eHaX Ha rrpOH3BO~CTBeHHhle pecypCI>I (B 1!aCTHOCTH, :;meKTp03HeprMID H BO,lzy )J;JIH

HCKYCCTBeHHoro opomem.rn). HecMoTpH Ha To, 'ITO B u;enoM KOMneHcau;mi npoH3Bo,n;cnseHHDIX

3aTpaT YBeJIH'IHJiaci>, ecTh 3Ha1!HTeJII>HDIH noTeHu;HaJI ,n;JHI co:sepllleHCTBOBaHHID 3Toti: npaKTHKH.

Cyrn;ecTBYID 6oJII>lliHe B03MO)KHOCTH YBeJIWieHHH HaJioroBI>IX nocTynneHHM OT ceJII>cKoro

X03HHCTBa, TeM He MeHee, CJie.n;yeT ITO,.ll;O)K,ll;aTb ,.ll;O TeX nop, ITOKa ceKTop He yBeJIH'IHT CBOID

peHTa6eJihHocn.. llpaBHTeJihCTBOM ocpHl.I;HaJII>Ho YTBep)K)J;eHa no,n;roToBKa rrpo:rpaMMI>I

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OCHOBHbie CeJihCKOX03HHCTBeHHI>IX rrpoeKThl, npe.n;ycMaTpHBaiOll(He C03,.ll;aHHe o6m;eCTBeHHOf0

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3KOHOMHKH.

llPOM3BO)lCTBEHHhiE flOKA3ATEJUf OTPACJIM

0TMeqaeTCH He60JiblliOe yneJIH'IeHHe ITpOH3BO,.ll;CTBa B pacTeHHeBO.D;CTBe, B 'laCTHOCTM,

nmeHHIJ;hi, KapTo$enH H caxapHo:H c:seKJibi. BoccTaHOBHJiaci> cpe,n;HHH ypoxa:HHOCTh

60Jibnm:HCTBa KYJII>Typ, rrpH 3TOM OTMeqaeTCH poeT ypoxaHHOCTH B 1997 r. TIO cpaBHCHHID C 1995 f. BoccTaHaBJIHBaeTCH TipOH3BO,ll;CTBO caxapHOH CBeKJibi ITOCJie pe3KOfO COKPam;eHHH BBH,lzy

nopa3HBllle:H KyJihTYPY 6oJie3HH B 80-x rr. EJiaronpHHTHI>Ie noro,.o;Hhle ycJIOBHH TaiOKe chl:rpaJIH

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32

flocJie 1990 r. 3Ha'IHTeJI:bHO )'BeJIH'IHJIOCl> ITPOH3BO,ll;CTBO ITllieHHII;I>I, KapTOcPeiDI, H

caxapHOJi.t CBeKJIDI, 'ITO CBH,n:eTeJil>CTByeT 0 TIOBl>IllieHHH cnpoca Ha 3TH KYJILTYPI>I H HX

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onomeit; B 1994 r.- nweHl'HJ;l>I, a B 1995 r. - o6w;ero npoH3BO,li;CTBa 3epHOBI>IX, H'!MeiDI, KYKYPY3hl

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164 npou;eHTa C 1990 ITO 1996 IT., 'ITO 06'b.HCHHeTCH yBeJIH'!eHHeM IIOCeBHOH IIJIOIUa,ll;H (Ha 185 IIPOUeHTOB), TIOCKOJII>KY cpe.IJ;H.HH ypOXaHHOCT.b COKpanmaCb Ha 8 rrpoi.J;eHTOB 3a 3TOT rrepHO,ll;

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43

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o6paTMMOCTH.

50

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51

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52

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53

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54

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55

Pee. 3.1: lbMeneueu B pacn:pe,ZJ;eneueu: noceBHMX n:nom:a,ZJ;eii no Ten: aM XOJHHCTB

B n:epexo,lJ;HLIH nepeo,ZJ;

1990

Xo311iiCTBa naceJllellllll

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1997

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DO THD3M X03HHCTB B 1996 :r.

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58

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64

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lP'A3BMTHE KOHKYlP'EHTHOM CHCTEMM MAPKEIHHfA

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65

'IacnJMe X03HiiCTB3

10%

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1992

1992

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92%

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39%

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58%

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6%

1996

1996

1996

Kpymn.1e

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12%

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55%

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20%

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P111c. 4.4: PeaJIH3~UJ;HH oT.r.eJILHhiX npo.r.yKTOB no KauaJiaM peam11Ja~eu B 1996 r.

c

A B 5%2%

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E A,B,C 7% 0%

c 44%

D 93%

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B 59%

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E

B. XJIOIIOK

A B 6%0%

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Puc. 4.5: .Qeubl ua yposue X03BHCTB no KaHaJiaM pea.TIH3au;uu B 1996 r.

a.3epuo

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• HH3KHH ypoBem. noTpe6uocTeii B Kpe,rune Ka~oro OT)].eJILHoro ~epMepa.

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83

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CBeCTH Ha HeT 6JO,l()KeTHOe Kpe.IJ;MTOBaHHe K 1999 ro,n;y M B3HMaTh 6onee BbiCOKyiD npo:u;eHTHYID

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(11 npo:u;eHTOB OT o6mero 061>eMa Kpe,l(MTOB) no fO)];OBOH npo:u;eHTHOH CTaBKe Bbillie 30 npou;eHTOB H npH noKa3aTene B03BpaTHOCTH Kpe,n;HTOB oKono 98 npoueHTOB. Co3,n;aHo 6onee 20 Kpe)l;HTHbiX COI030B (c 1996 f. )l;eHCTByeT )l;Ba Kpe,ll;HTHbiX COI03a, C03)];aHHhiX B paMKaX ITHJIOTHOfO

npoeKTa) B paMKax npoeKTa A3HaTc:Koro 6aHKa pa3BHTMH (AEP) no pa3BMTMIO CHCTeMhl

CeJibCKOfO Kpe,n;HTa, KOTOpbie HatiHYT npe)];OCTaBJIHTb Kpe,ll;HTbi C 1998 r. KoMMepqecKHe

KOMnaHMM TaKXe Ha'laJIH ITpOH3BO,lJ;HTh nOCTaBKH ,l!;JIH Hy)K)]; CeJibCKOfO X03.HHCTBa B 06MeH Ha

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84

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85

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86

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( B npo:u;eHTax OT c.x. BBTI)

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TiocJie 1990 r. B pecrry6JIHKe pe3KO COKpaTHJIOCh HCJIOJib30BaHMe KaK XHMWieCKHX, TaK H

opraHWieCKHX y,n;o6peHH:i.f:: C 490 TbiC. TOHH B 1900 r. HCnOJib30BaHHe y,n;o6peHMH yrrano ,l(O 16

ThiC. TOHH B 1996r., T.e, rroqTH Ha 97 ITpOIJ;eHTOB (CM. pMC. 8.3). 0CHOBHaSI IIpllqHHa - HH3KHe

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102

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103

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Puc. 8.1: lla.z:a:euue cpe.z:a:ueii ypo~aiiuocTu: c 1989-91 no 1995-97 IT.

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106

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Asian Development Banlc 1996a. Kyrgyz Republic: Reorganization and Strengthening of the Ministry of Agriculture and Food. Progress Report No. 1, pr~pared by ULG Consultants Ltd., England: Warwick:, November.

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Asian Development Bank. 1996b. Kyrgyz Republic: Reorganization and Strengthening of the Ministry of Agriculture and Food. Inception Report, prepared by ULG Consultants Ltd., Warwick: England, August.

A3HaTC:KH:H 6aHK pa3BHTIDI, amycT 1996b r. <<Kl>Ipm3cKaH Pecny6JIHKa: peopraHH3an;MJI M YKPenneHHe MHHHcTepcTBa cem.cKoro X03.slli:cTBa H npo,n:oBOJil>CTBHH>>, nepBoHaqaJII>Hhr.if OT'IeT, no,n:roro!meH «103JI,L:birn KoHcaJIT3HTC», BapBHK, AKrmm.

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Dabrowski, M. 1996. "Different Strategies of Transition to a Market Economy: How Do they Work in Practice?", Policy Research Working Paper 1579, World Bank, Washington DC.

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EC-TACHC, 20 HOH6pH 1996 r. «Khlpm3cKaH Pecny6JIHKa: noJIHTHKa H npoeKT no,n:,n:ep)KKH arpo6H3Heca>>, Bropo:H KBapTam.Hhl:H oT'IeT, no,n:roTOBJieH <<I03.n;ll;)KH KoHcaJIT3HTC>>, BapBHK, AHrJIHH.

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EC-TACMC, ceHTH6p» 1995b. ««lloMo:wp B MaTepMaJII>HO-TeXHH'!eCKOM o6ecneqeHHH M o6cJiy)IQ{BaHHH cpepMepOB B KhlpiH3CTaHe: HaqaJII>Hhl:.if OT'!eT 06 3KOHOMHKe CeJII>CKOTO X03.slli:CTBa», TIO,!I;rOTOBJieH «EBppOKOHCaJIT» M «ArpHllpo».

EC-TACIS. 1995c. The Kyrgyz Republic Farm Management Handbook. Report prepared, as part of the Sectoral Support to the Ministry of Agriculture and Food, by ULG Consultants Ltd., Watwick: England and SLCE Espanoles, August 15.

EC-TACHC, 15 aBrycra 1995c. <<CnpaBO'IHHK no yrrpaBJieHHIO X03.slli:CTBaMM B Khlpm3CKOH Pecny6mKe>>, no,nroTOBJieH KaK qacn. oNeTa o6 orpacJieBo:it no.n.nep)K!(e MMHMcTepcTBa ceJII>cKoro xo3.slli:cTBa M npo,n:oBOJII>CTBIDI, «103~ KoHcaJITaTIHc», BapBHK, AHrmH u <<3c3JICMM 3cnamonec>>.

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Gardner, W. 1997. Memo on the Tax Code to Minister of Finance. Bishkek: Barents Group, March 3. fap;Uiep B., 3 MapTa 1997 r. «MeMopaH,ll;)'M o HaJioroBOM Ko.n;eKce, a.n;pecoBaHHhiH MHHHCTepcTBy

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USDA, 1996 r. <<Former USSR. Situation and Outlook Series, International Agriculture and Trade Reports, ERS, WRS-96-1, May.

AMP CiliA, MaH 1996 r. «lihlBIIIHH CCCP. CHryal(HH H rrepcrreKTHBhl>>, Me)K,!cyHapoAHble oT<IeThl o ceJThcKoM xoJ.sill:cTBe H roproBJie», ERS, WRS-96-1

USDA. 1995. Former USSR, Situation and Outlook Series, International Agriculture and Trade Reports, ERS, WRS-95-1, May.

AMP CiliA, Ma:H: 1996 r. «<ihlBIIIHH CCCP. CHrya:u;HH H rrepcrreKTHBhl>>, Me)K,lzyHapoAHble OT'IeThl o ceJThCKOM xo3.sill:cTBe H roproBJie», ERS, WRS-95-1

USDA. 1994. Former USSR, Situation and Outlook Series, International Agriculture and Trade Reports, ERS, WRS-94-1, May.

AMP CiliA, MaH 1996 r. «DhlBIIIHH CCCP. C:u:rya:u;HH H rrepcrreKTHBhl>>, Me)l{,li;YHapOAHhle OT'IeThl o ceJThCKOM X03HHCTBe H roproBJie», ERS, WRS-94-1

World Bank. 1998. Kyrgyz Republic: Country Assistance Strategy. Report No. 17641-KG, Apri114. BceMHpH:Eatit 6aHK, 14 arrpeJIH 1998 r. <<KhlprLI3CKaH Pecny6JIHKa: CrparernH noMOI.U;H cTpaHe>>, AOKJiaA #

17641-KG

World Bank. 1998. Kyrgyz Republic: Agricultural Support Services Project. Report No. 17312-KG, Apri13. BceMHpHhlit 6aHK, 3 arrpeJIH 1998 r. «Kl.J:pi'LI3CKaH Pecrry6JIHKa: TipoeKT rroMepXKH

CeJThCKOX03HHCTBeHHI>IX BCIIOMOraTeJThHI>IX YCJiyr>>, OT'IeT # 17312-KG

World Bank. 1998. Kyrgyz Republic: Irrigation Rehabilitation Project. Report No. 17531-KG, March 30. BceMHpH:Eatit 6aHK, 30 Mapn 1998 r. «Kl.J:pm3cKaH Pecrry6.JIHKa: TipoeKT pea6HJIHTaiJ;HH Hpp:Hral(HOHHhlX

CHCTeM>>, OT'IeT# 17531-KG

World Bank. 1997. Kyrgyz Republic: Rural Finance Project. Report No. 16470-KG, May 15. BceMHpHhlH 6aHK, 15 MaH 1997 r. «KF..!pi'LI3CKaH Pecny6]]ID(a: TipoeKT ceJThcKoro cpHHaHc:u:poBaHHH>>, oTTieT

# 16470-KG

World Bank 1997. Kyrgyz Republic: Public Sector Resource Management Adjustment Credit. Report No. P-7054-KG, March 17.

BceMHpH:Eatit 6aHK, 17 Mapn 1997 r. «Kl.J:pi'LI3CKaH Pecrry6JIHKa: KpeAHT Ha C'fPYKTYPHYJO nepecTpoih<y ynpaBJieHHHpecypcaMHrocyAapcTBeHHoro ceKropa>>, oTTieT#. P-7054-KG

120

World Bank 1996. "Food Security for the World". Statement prepared for the World Food Summit, Rome, November 12, 1996.

Bce:MHpHI>IH 6aHK, 12 HoH6pH 1996 r. «MHpoBaH npo,!I;OBOJThCTBeHHaH 6e3onacHoCTh», 3aHBJieHHe, IIO)UUTOBJieHHOe ,!I;JIH BC'l'pe'lli Ha Bl:ilCUieM ypOBHe IIO BOIIpocaM MHpOBOI'O IIpO,ll;OBOJThCTBHH.

World Bank. 1996. "Rural Development: Putting the Pieces in Place". Environmentally Sustainable Development, November 12. 1996.

BceMHpm.tit 6aHK, 12 HOH6pH 1996 r.«Pa3BHrne ceJThcKo:H 3KOHOMHKH: HaBO,!I;H nopH,!I;OK». 3KoJioili'IecKH ycTOH'lliBOe pa3BHTHe.

World Bank and the Ministry of Agriculture and Food. 1996c. Kyrgyz Republic: Agricultural Support Services Project. Draft Preparation Report, prepared by Euroconsult, Amhem: The Netherlands, Four volumes, July.

BceMHpm.tit 6aHK H MHHHc-repcTBo ceiThcKoro X03IDkTBa H npo,!I;OBOJThCTBHH, :moJTh 1996c. <<KHprl:il3CKaH Pecrry6JIHKa: llpoeKT no,zmep)KJ(H BcnoMoraTeJThHhiX ceiThCKOXo3HiicTBeHHhiX CJIY)K6>>, npoeKT OT'IeTa o no,!l;roTOBKe npoeKTa 4-x roMax, no,n:roroBJieH «EBpOKoHcaJIT>>, ApHeM, HMepnaH,n:hl

World Bank. 1996d. The Kyrgyz Republic: Financial Sector Adjustment Credit. Report No. P-6891-KG, May 31.

BceMHpHhlH 6aHK, 31 MaH 1996d. <<l<HpThl3CKaH Pecny6JIHKa: Kpe,ll;HT Ha CTPYKTypHYJO nepec'l'pOHKY $HHaHcoBoro ceKropa», oTI:eT P-6891-KG

World Bank. 1996e. Kyrgyz Republic: Sheep Development Project. Report No. 14701-KG, April23. Bce:r.rn:pm.m 6aHK, 23 anpeJIH 1996e. «l(Rpm3cKaH Pecny6JIHKa: rrpoeKTpa3BHTHH oBn;eBO,ll;CTBa>>.

Worlld Bank. 1995a. The Kyrgyz Republic: Agricultural Privatization and Enterprise Adjustment Credit. Report No. P-6583-KG, June.

BceMHpHhlH 6aHK, 1uom. 1995a. <<Kl:ilpThl3CKaH Pecny6JIHKa: Kpe.nnT Ha npHBam3an;:mo ceJThcKoro xo3IDicTBa H peopramnan;:mo ceJThcKoxo3IDicTBeHHhlX rrpe,ll;rrpHHTHH>>, oTI:eT P-6583-KG

World Bank 1995b. The Kyrgyz Republic: Country Assistance Strategy. Report No. 14548-KG, June 2. Bcei~rnpHl:ilH 6aHK, 2 HIOHH 1995b. <<KhlpThl3CKaH Pecrry6JIHKa: C'l'paTernH rroMorn;H CTPaHe>>, oTI:eT 14548-

KG

World Bank. 1995c. The Kyrgyz Republic: Economic Report, A World Bank Document prepared for the Consultative Group Meeting, May.

BceMHpHJ>IH 6aHK, Ma:K 1995c. <<Khlpm3cKaH Pecrry6JIHKa: o63op 3KOHOMH'IecKoro rronoxeHHH>>, ,ll;OK)'MeHT BceMHpHoro 6aHKa, IIO,!J;I'OTOBJieHHhiH ,ll,JIH BC'l'pe'lli KoHcyJThTaTHBHOH rpynrrhl.

World Bank. 1995d. The Kyrgyz Republic: National Environmental Action Plan. Report No. --, May. BceJvUipHhiH 6aHK, MaD: 1995d. <<Kl:ilpm3cKaH Pecrry6JIHKa. Hall,HOHaJIDHaH rrporpaMMa 3KonornqecKHx

MeponpH5ITIUh>

World Bank. 1995e. The Kyrgyz Republic: Poverty Assessment and Strategy. Report No. 14380-KG, May 30. BceMHpHhiH 6aHK, 30 MaR 1995e. <<Kl:ilpm3cKaH pecrry6JIHKa: on;eHKa H CTpaTernH 6op:o6hl c 6e,!I;HOCThiO»,

OTI:eT 14380-KG

World Bank. 1995f. The Kyrgyz Republic: Agricultural Sector Review. Report No. 12989-KG, Two volumes, May 17.

BceM:HpHl:il:K 6aHK, 17 MaH 1995f. «Kl:ilpm3cKaH Pecrry6mKa. 063op ceJThcKoxo3HiicTBeHHOro. ceKropa>> B ,ll;Byx TOMaX

121

World Bank. 1995g. The Kyrgyz Republic: Private Enterprise Support Project. Report No. 13893-KG, April 14.

BceMHpm.di 6am::, 14 anpeiD.I[ 1995g «I<I.:rpThi:3CKaH Pecny6JIHKa. ITpoeKT TIOMepXKM l.JaCTHI>IX npe,rmpmrmib, OT'IeT 13893-KG

World Bank. 1995h. Kyrgyz Republic: Restructuring of the Ministry of Agriculture and Food -- Final' Report. Prepared by SO RCA Management Consultants, Brussels: Belgium, February.

BceMHpm:.rif 6am::, <PeBpam. 1995h. <<I<I.:rpThi:3CKaH Pecny6JIHKa. PeopraHH3aiJ;HH MHHHcrepcTBa cem.cKoro xo3ffitcTBa H npo,ll;oBom.cTB:IDI>>, 3aKJIIO'IHTeJThHhiH OT'IeT, ITOATOTOBJieH <<COPKA MeHe)OKMeHT KoHcaJITIHTC>>, Bproccem., Bem,nm.

World Bank. 1994a. Kyrgyz Republic: Social Safety net Project. Report No. 12986-KG, June 13. BceMHpHHii 6am::, 13 HIDHH 1994a. <<I<I.:rpri>I3CKaH Pecny6mKa: npoeKT cu:creMH co.u;Ham.Hoii 3a:w;HTI>I>>,

12986-KG

World Bank. 1994b. The Kyrgyz Republic: Privatization and Enterprise Sector Adjustment Credit. Report No. P-6341-KG, June 9.

BceMHpHI>IH 6aHK, 9 HIDHH 1994b. <<I<I.:rpri>I3CKaH Pecny6JIHKa. KpeAHTa Ha npHBaTH3aiJ;HID H C1J'YKTYPHYID nepecTpoiiKy npeanpiDITHH», oT'IeT. P-6341-KG

World Bank. 1994c. Kyrgyz Republic: Economic Report. Report No. 12942-KG, May 13. BceMHpHhlH 6aHK, 13 MaH 1994c. <<I<I.:rpri>I3CKaH Pecny6mKa: oT'IeT o6 3KOHOMH'IeCKOM noJio)l(eHHH>>

12942-KG

World Bank. 1993. Kyrgyz Republic: Social Protection in a Reforming Economy. Report No. 11535-KG, May 12.

BceMHpHhrH 6aHK, 12 MaH 1993 r. «KI>Ipri>I3CKaH Pecny6JIHKa: Pe<PopMa CHCTeMI>I co.u;Ham.Hoii 3a:w;HTI>I B nepHOA nepecTpoHKH 3KOHOMHKH>>, OT'IeT 11535-KG

World Bank. 1992. Food and Agricultural Policy Reforms in the Former USSR: An Agenda for the Transition. Studies of Economies in Transition Number 1.

BceMHpHI>IH 6am::, 1992 r. «CTparenm pe$opM B npoAOBom.cTBeHHOM H arpapHOM ceKTOpax 3KOHOMHKH 6I>IBrnero cCCCP. llporpaMMa MeponpHHTHH Ha nepexo,li;HI>IH nepHO,ll;.>> MccJie,li;OBaHHH 3KOHOMH'ICCKHX CHCTeM Ha CTa,li;IDI TpaHC$OpMaiJ;HH # 1.

122

TIP11JIO)KEHHE

):lOTIOJIHIITFJihHAH CTATHCTM:qECKAH HH<l>OPMAUHH

B HaCTOHIJJ;eM npHJIOXeHHH ITpHBO,ll;HTCH ,ll;OITOJIHHTeJibHaH CTaTHCTJilleCKaH HHcPOpMaiJ;HH

B cl>opMe oT,n;eJihHbiX Ta6JIHU no pa3JIH'!HhiM acneKTaM ceJibCKoro X03HikTBa M

ceJibCKOX03HHCTBeHHoii pecl>opMDI B KDipfhi3CKOH Pecny6JIHKe. Y'lHThiBaH HeXBaTKY Ha,n;eXHbiX

CTaTHCTJPieCKHX ,n;aHHbiX, oco6eHHO B ITOCJie,ll;HHe fO,ll;bl pecl>opMllpOBaHHH 3KOHOMHKH,

npe,ll(CTaBJieHHaH HHcPOpMaiJ;HH npe,n;cTaBHT HeCOMHeHHbiH HHTepec ,ll;JIH PMOBbiX 'lHTaTeJieH H

JIHU, yqacTBYIOIJJ;HX B npHHHTHH 3KOHOMJPiecKHX perneHHii. CTaTHCTJPiecKHe Ta6JIHIJ;hi

pacnoJioxeHbi B TOM xe nopH,n;Ke, 'ITO H rJiaBDI HaCTOHIJJ;ero ,n;oKJia,n;a.

123

Table ll.2.1: CTaryc MaKp03KOHOMH'IecKoii cTa6HJIH3a._uu B 1996 u 1997 rT.

1997

lloKaJaTeJIL EJJ:uuu._a 1996 IJ;eJIL O .. eHKa H3MepeHHH

PoeT BBII (pearibHbiH:t %sroJJ: 5.6 6.5 10.4

MHcpmiQHH b %sroJJ: 35.0 10.0 14.7

,[(ecpHQHT 6IO,WKeTa c % OTBBII 6.5 3.0 9.4

,ll;ecpHQHT TeKyiQero EanaHca IDiaTe)l(eHd

6anaHca % OTBBII 22.0 9.0 8.1

2.0 > 2.0 3.0 Me)I(JJ:yHapo,n;Hbie pe3epBbie MeCHQeB

a HoMiiHaJihHhlH BBII B 1997 r. paBeH 30,4 MJip.!(. coMOB (npe.l(BapliTeJibHaH oueHKa HaucTaTKOMiiTeTa). MB<l> u BceMHpHbiH EaHK B CrpaTemu noMomu crpaHe ucnoJib30BaJIIi npe.!(nOJIO)J{eHHe o pocTe BBII Ha 6,5 %BrO.!(.

b liH.!(eKc norpe61iTeJibCKHX ueH, .!(eKa6ph 1996 K aeKa6piO 1997.

C .ll:eqlliUHT 610.!()J{eTa B 1997 r. COCTaBiiJI 2,9 MJip.!(. COMOB.

d .ll:e<J>HUHT TeKymero 6aJiaHCa B 1997 r. COCTaBHJI 2,9 MJip.!(. COMOB.

IlpHMeqaHHe: QeJieBbie llOKa3aTeJIIi Ha 1997 r. COOTBeTCTBYIOT ycJIOBHHM PacmupeHHOrO Kpe.!(H:Ta C1pyKrypHOH nepecrpoifKH MB<l>.

McToqHHKH: Pa3JII{qHbie .!(OKyMeHTbl MB<l> 11 BceMHpHoro EaHKa.

124

Ta6JIIIID;a n.2.2: BaJioBaH Ill 'IIIICTaH peuTa6eJI!bHOCTb pa3JJII!!""I!HibiX KYJJILTYP Ill! npo~yKTOB ~IIIBOTHOBOACTBa B 1996 r.

(CoM06 Ha zeKmap) 1Jb!ICTIUI HaJJorl!lu 1!J.IIl!CT!lli!l

IJ:Toro npHObiJih OT"'IUCJiei!UIIli!l llllKJil'iOil>IJib B

3eMeJJb- 0T"llHCJie- HllJliOI"OIB l!'l B 0/o ~ %~

06JJaCTh 111 nm BaJJosas HbiM HUH 113 OT"'IHCJlle- B!lJIOBOH ceoeCTOIII-

XOJHikTBill npu6b!Jih H)J.C HlllJIOI" COUCTpax iUIH llllplllloMJJI!f MOCTH

03HM!UI nll!eHHUa

tiyHCKall

tiaCTHble X03HMCTBa 525 85 110 225 420 105.1 80 3

B cpe,LIHeM 525 85 110 225 420 105.1 80 3

OlliCK!UI

KpynHI>Ie xo3HHCTBa 993 120 121 869 1, Ill -118.2 112 -1

tiaCTHble X03Hi1cTBa 914 294 117 771 1,181 -267.9 129 -4

B cpe.z:~HeM 942 232 118 806 1,156 -214.5 123 -3

)],11GIII21JI-A6a,L1CK!UI

KpynHI>Ie xo3HHCTBa -1,034 487 126 762 1,375 -2,409.5 * -25

tiaCTI!Ibie X03JlHCTBa 4,387 0 128 243 371 4,015.4 8 60

B cpe21HeM 2,128 203 127 460 790 1,338.4 37 17

Tanacc KIDI

KpynHbie X03l!HCTBa -50 242 93 186 521 -570.4 * -23

tiacnible X03JIHCTBa -169 312 92 264 668 -837.4 * -15

B cpe.uHeM -126 286 92 236 615 -740.3 * -17

HCCb!K-KyJibCK!UI

KpynHI>Ie X03HHCTBa 1,094 292 111 134 538 555.7 49 23

tiaCTii-lble X03HHCTBa -611 0 107 320 427 -1,037.8 * -24

B cpe.uHeM 120 125 109 241 474 -354.9 397 -lO

Pecny15JmKa

KpynHbie xo3JIMCTBa 192 277 114 526 917 -725.0 478 -12

tiaCTlf!hiC X03HHCTBa 1229 169 112 415 696 533.3 57 9

B cpe.z:~HeM 924 210 112 457 779 145.0 84 1

XnonoK

OlliCK!UI

KpynHbJe XOJjjMCTBa 4,463 688 129 1,193 2,010 2,452 45 24

tiacnibie X03HHCTBa 5,446 2,387 120 435 2,942 2,504 54 36

B cpe.z:~HeM 4,944 1,538 125 814 2,476 2,478 50 29

Ta6aK

OmcKM

KpynHbie xoJH~icTBa 4,312 3,063 121 2,916 6,100 -1,788 141 -10

l.JaCTHble X03HMCTBa 6,985 5,000 126 1,978 7,104 -119 102 -I B cpe.LifieM 4,758 3,386 122 2,759 6,268 -1,510 132 -9

125

-

leMeJJb- 0T'JHCJJe-

OoJJaCTb u ™" BaJJoBaH HbiH HHH Ha

XOlHHCTBa npHObiJib H)l,C HaJJ or COJ..ICTpax

Ta6aK

OrncKaJI

KpyrrHhie xo3JdicTBa 4,312 3,063 121 2,916

I.JacTHhiC X03JIHCTBa 6,985 5,000 126 1,978

B cpe.!IHCM 4,758 3,386 122 2,759

MonoKo

I.JylicKaJI

KpyrrHhie X03liHCTBa 1,073 1,012 - 149

I.JacTHhiC X03liHCTBa 1,735 135 - 37

Xo3l!HCTBa HaceneHIUI 3,122 920 - 0

B cpe.l\HCM 2,238 718 - 46

OlllCKaJI

I.JacTHhiC X03liHCTBa -2,292 206 - 157

Xo3liHCTBa HaceneHHll -1,827 89 - 0

B cpe.!IHCM -1,574 122 - 45

,[(JKanan-A6MCKall

Xo3liHCTBa Hacenemtll -9,478 1,200 - 2

B cpe.!IHCM -9,478 1,200 - 2

TanaccKall

KpyrrHhiC X03JIHCTBa -3,285 85 - 110

I.JaCTHhiC X03liHCTBa 2,067 460 - 77

B cpe.!IHCM 1,175 398 - 83

HcchiK-KynhCKall

KpyrrHhJe X03JIHCTBa 72 465 - 153

I.JaCTHhiC X03JIHCTBa 4,007 870 - 34

Xo3JIHCTBa HaceneHHll 4,037 955 - 16

B cpe.!IHCM 3,609 872 - 37

HaphiHCKaJI

I.JacTHhiC X03liHCTBa 322 3 - 30

B cpe.!IHCM 322 3 - 30

Pecrry6nHKa

KpynHhie X03liHCTBa 372 760 - 145

I.JaCTHhiC X03JIHCTBa 2,128 437 - 55

Xo3liHCTBa HaceneHHJI 1,611 800 - 6

B cpe.!IHCM 1,618 654 - 45

* He HMCCT CMhiCJJa, T.K. BaJJOBaJI rrpH6biJih OTpHI..IaTeJJbHa.

liBJJeHHe OTCyYCTBYeT

OpHMe'laHHJI:

'iHCTaH HaJJoru u 1-:htCT:lH

HToro npHObiJib OT'JHCJJeHHH npHObiJiil> B

HaJJoros H B 0/o K %K

OT'JHCJJe- B3JIOBOH ceoenou-

HHH npHObiJUII MOCTH

6,100 -I, 788 141 -10

7,104 -119 102 -I 6,268 -1,510 132 -9

1,162 -88.4 108 -2

172 1,563.2 10 26

920 2,201.6 29 40

764 1,474.0 34 27

362 -2,654.5 * -45

89 -1,915.1 * -45

167 -1,740.9 * -45

1,202 -10,679.3 * -70

1,202 -10,679.3 * -70

195 -3,480.1 * -50

537 1,529.8 26 72

480 694.8 41 24

618 -546.5 864 -20

904 3,103.6 23 99

971 3,065.8 24 85

909 2,699.5 25 80

34 288.5 10 7

34 288.5 10 7

905 -532.9 243 -13

493 1,635.9 23 41

806 805.2 50 15

699 919.5 43 20

1. H,[(C HanaraeTc.ll Ha see .lleHeJKHhie rrpo.llaJKH 11 cocTaBJJlleT 20 rrpoueHTOB. Hynesoli H,[(C B 'laCTHhiX X03.lliicTsax

OT.lleJihHhiX 06JJaCTeM 03Ha'!aeT, 'ITO .llaHHhie X03liMCTBa He rrpo.llaBaJJH CBOIO rrpO.liYKUHIO 3a .lleHhrH.

2.

3. 4.

0T'!HCJieHHll Ha COUHaJJhHOe CTpaxOBaHHe COCTaBJJliJIH 24,5 rrpoUeHTOB OT OITJJaThl Tpy.11a, KaK B .l\eHeJKHOM, TaK H

HaTypanhHOM BhipaJKeHJHI, HCKJJIO'!a.ll TPY.ll '!JJeHOB ceMhH. Co6~tpaeMOCTh Hanoros H OT'IHCJJeHHM Ha coucTpax 6hiJJa

HH3KOH. B pe3yJJbTaTe 1\.JHOrHe yfihlT(I'!Hbie X03liHCTBa HMeJJH HCKYCCTW;HHY•<J rrpH6PAI>l·OCf:.

,[(mr MOJIOKa, oueHKH s rJaC'!eTt' f1a o:lHy Koposy.

Cpe.l\HHe OUCHKH ITO o6m•CTSIM Ii pccrry6JJHKe paCC'IHTbiBaJll.fCb KaK Cp.'!.l\Hll.ll aphMeTHqe .• ~Ka.ll flO X03.liHCTBaM .llaHHOH

KaTeropHH.

HcToqHJtK: 06ca~.l10BaHHe X03.liHCTB, BceMHpHbiH liaHK, HIOJJb 1997 r.

126

TaoJIH~a n.2.3: ro,a;oooe DOTpe6JieHHe nm~eBbiX npo,a;yKTOB ua ,a;ymy uaceJieHHH

B nepHO,IJ; 1990-96 IT.

KoJie"leCTBO (Kr) B npo~enTax K

fipo,a;yKT 1990 1993 1995 1996 1990 r.

MHco H MHconpo,a;yKTbi 54 44 38 39 -28

JIM.Qa ( lli'Jr.) 154 81 33 33 -79

MonoKo H MOJIO'IHbie npo.rzyKTbi 266 193 172 186 -30

KapTo<!Jem, 69 58 82 70 0

0BOlll,H H 6ax 'IeBbie 78 48 44 50 -36

<!>pyKTbi H HrD,IJ;bi 16 10 7 20 25

Caxap H KOH,IJ;HTepcKHe H3,[1eJIHH 37 14 15 14 -62

PacTnTeJII>Hoe Macno 11 5 5 5 -55

XJie6o6ynoT.JHbie H3JJ.emiH 139 135 109 145 4

,lJ;OJlll ]paCXO)J.OB Ha IIHTaHHe B CeMeHHOM 6ID)].)K,eTe, % 30 51 57 H.)].. 90

H.)].. - HeT )laHHbiX

l!CTO'iHHK: HaiiHOHaJihHbiH CTaTHCTH'!eCKHH KOMHTeT.

127

Tao.rUilll\2 II.2.4: JiaJiauc 1epua B nepuo.r. c 1987/88 no 1996/97 rr.

IloKaJaTeJIL 1987/88 1989/90 1993/94 1996/97

llpOH3BO)J,CTBO 1827 1601 1500 1160

qHCTMM HMn:OpT 1000 1100 580 20

Pecypcbi 2827 2701 2080 1180

lloTpe6neHHe 2850 2718 1828 1180

Ha ceMeHa 150 145 160 a

llepepa6oTKa 65 64 25 a

llHTaHHe 764 799 813 620

Ha KopM cKory 1670 1550 680 310

lloTepH 201 160 150 a

a CyMMa CTaTeM 6aJiaHca IIOTJ)e6neHMe Ha CeMeHa, nepepa60TKY M IIOTepH COCTaBHJia 250 TbiC. T. B 1996/97 rr., 416 ThiC. T. B 1987/88, 369 ThiC. T. B 1989/90 H 335 ThiC. T. B 1993/94.

128

Taomu1;a 11.3.1: .KoJJu"IeCTBO BLmanHLIX cBH.ll:eTeJJLCTB ua noJJLJOBauue JeMJJeii

ua anpenL 1997 r •

.KOJJH"IeCTBO BLmauo CBH.ll:eTeJJbCTB

OoJJacTb CeJJbCKHX CeMeH

Bcero IIOCTOHHHbiX BpeMeHHLIX

~ana.TI-A6a,ll;CK<UI 99,347 99,347 10,849 88,498

0IIICKaH 201,949 201,949 55,298 146,651

J1CCbiK-KyJihCKaH 169,134 65,683 15,660 50,023

T a.TiaccK<UI 27,793 27,793 6,751 21,042

qyii:cJKaH 284,000 487,353a -- 487,353

HapbliHCKaH 20,798 20,798 0 20,798·

Bcero 803,021 902,923 88,558 814,365

a B qyikKoii o6nacTH CBH.LJ;eTeJihCTBa Bhi.LJ;aaanHch OT.LJ;eJihHhiM JIHU:aM, a He ceMMIM.

McToqHIHK: foc3eMareHCTBO.

129

TaoJiuu;a ll.3.2: PacnpeJJ;eJieHHaH JeMeJILHaH nJIOUlaJJ;L ua 1 .eueaps 1997 r.

3eMJIH, npeJJ;HaJHa-

~OH)J; 'leHHaH )J;JIH 3eMJIH, llpou;eHT nepepacnpe- pacnpeJJ;e- pacnpeJJ;e- Hepacnpe- uepacnpe-

Bcero c.x. JJ;eJieHHH JieHHH no JieHHaH no JJ;eJieuuaa JJ;eJieHHOH 06JiaCTb JeMeJIL JeMJIH )J;OJIHM )J;OJIHM JeMJIH lleMJIH

~a.Jia.JI- 191,464 47,836 143,601 134,116 9,485 6.7 A6a)].cKaJI l.fCCbiK- 186,258 38,206 123,682 123,682 0 0.0 Kyni>cKaJI HapbiHCKaJI 178,859 37,831 94,028 94,028 0 0.0

0IIICKaH 360,225 90,758 259,000 233,054 25,946 10.1

TaJiaccKaJI 134,101 26,871 90,057 90,057 0 0.0

qyHCKaJI 447,610 111,909 276,098 91,534 184,564 66.8

Bcero 1,498,5173 353,438 986,466 766,471 219,995 22.3

a He paBHO C)'MMe o6nacTeii, T.K. He BKJII01JaeT 109,738 ra B pacrrop.lnKeHim ceMeHOBO.U1JeCKHX H

IIJieMeHOBO.U'IeCKHX X03HHCTB, KOTOpbie 6hiJIH HCKJII01JeHbi H3 IIpOUeCCa pacrrpe.ueneHHH 3eMeJib.

HcT01JHHK: Pecrry6nuKaHcKHii ueHTP 3eMeJihHOii u arpapHoii pe$opMhi (PIJ;3AP).

130

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ToMurgab

This map was produced by the Map Design Unit of The World Bank. The boundaries, colors, denominations and any other information shown on this map do not imply, on the part of The World Bank Group, any iudgment on the legal status of any territory, or any endorsement or acceptance of such boundaries.

.-b J,:o. • ~"'f

KILOMETERS 0 ~ 100 1~

' I I I I 0 25 50 75 100

MILES

800

KAZAKHSTAN

KYRGYZ REPUBLIC

I I I I RAILROADS

MAIN ROADS

OTHER ROADS

® NATIONAL CAPITAL

® OBLAST CAPITALS

0 SELECTED CITIES

-··- OBLAST BOUNDARIES

IBRD 26822Rl

-6 ,_____........,_~

~i "f

so· 400

-·- INTERNATIONAL BOUNDARIES

APRIL 1998

World Bank Documentdocuments.worldbank.org/curated/en/904111468047376376/... · 2016-07-13 ·...

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Transcript of World Bank Documentdocuments.worldbank.org/curated/en/904111468047376376/... · 2016-07-13 ·...